The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1833-01-18 00:00:00

THE DUTCH BUSINESS.

Although the private accounts from Holland which,
as we anticipated, we received yesterday, do not enable
us to communicate any formal document or copy of the
counter-project proposed to the Franco-English Confer-
ence by the Dutch Cabinet, they enable us notwithstand-
ing to correct some mistakes which have crept forth
through the medium of our Contemporaries both at home
and abroad. It is not true that the Dutch, in their coun-
ter proposals, make it an indispensible preliminary to
any negotiation, that the embargo shall be raised in the
French and English ports, and that the shipping de-
tained under it or capturell on the high seas shall be re-
leased and restored to its rightful owners. Nor is it cor-
rect that the release of the garrison of the Citadel of
Antwerp and their return home, has been insisted upon
as a sine qua non previous to the discussion of any treaty.
These are consequences which flow so naturally from the
more important and debateable arrangements, that it
would hardly be worth the while to push them into the
foreground of the battle, and not perhaps quite in keep-
ing with that sincere desire for a peaceful termination of
all difficulties, which the successive sacrifices he has alrea-
dy made afford ample proof of in the King of Holland.
We say successive sacrifices—for how often, after having
acceded to the basis of one treaty, been forced into the
stipulations of one Convention, have not the French and
English Courts seceded from their engagements, and
skulked out of their offers, in the most disingenuous man-
ner, and under cover of pretexts of the most paltry des-
scription ? The chief points, the only material ones pro-
bably, in which the counter propositions of the Cabinet
of the Hague will be found to differ from those transmit-
ted from this side of the water, are, first, with respect to
the navigation of the Scheldt : and secondly, the question
of the debt. On the former point, we are inclined to
think that the modified peage of the Prussian project
has been proposed to this Government as a peace offering
calculated to remove all difficulties: With regard to the
debt, we gather from our private correspondence, that a
fair territorial division of it between the two contending
parties has been made one of the conditions. This ap-
pears to be no more than an equitable adjustment; for
the debt having been mainly contracted for the benefit of,

- stood as Wishing for the division of the
and expended upon, Belgium, which at the epoch of her as desiring to replace any of its fragme
unfortunate nuptials with Holland was far the poorer, fish government. -On the other hand,
although the most populous country, and—if now an ig- the separation of the Union at present
norant, superstitious, and depraved race, in despite of the no other reason, because it must be accoi
immense improvements and the advances in civilization aniPmust, therefore, bequeath a long
operated under the Administration of a paternal Govern- tered feeling, as well as producing mu(
ment at a boundless waste of the common stock—was ,eery ; and we should dread nothing so
incomparably more so then, when just released from the crease of our already unwieldy colenii
extortionate fangs of a deputed military despotism, and larly under circumstances that would sc
without manufactures, commerce, or industry. It is but Britain open to the suspicion of width
fitting, therefore, that she should be called upon to refund cannot, however, be blind to the fact, t
some portion of the price at which Holland has been so clauses as these are, acted upon by 'the
heavily taxed for her exclusive profit. A territorial dill- “ art which is man's nature"-r-the pres(
sion of the debt must appear to every dispassionate ob- Union must give place to two, most p
server to be anything rather than a strict measure of 'us- independent states. The republican for
tice to the ancient Netherland. Nor do we see hoW, will accelerate the process; but it will
Belgium can object—or rather Earl Grey and Prince ricans are wise, render it peaceable. N
Taleyrand for her—to so reasonable, and for her so clear- short of a Russian or Asiatic despotisn
ly advantageous propositions as those we have been avert it; and such a despotism could
treating of.—Guardian and Public Ledger. herself at the expense of her American :
Union, only by treating with indiffere
operation upon the states that suffer t
present quarrel may terminate, we do
predict ; but the sentence of separation
and, perhaps, it were better if the Ameri
up their minds to it as.an event not to bt
Is already less intercourse between t
Western states, than there is between eii
—and less community of interest than ti
the latter and England. How can all t
sibly go on together ?—Standard.

THE 4' NULLIFICATION" (AMERICAN) QUESTION.
In our next page we insert the proclamation of Gen
ral Jackson ujon what may now, we think, be called the
secession of South Carolina from the North American
Union. The acts and declarations of the South Cali)lino
convention, recited at the commencement of the presi-
dent's proclamation, prove that the revolt has matured to
a degree of determination, to expect which we were not
prepared; though, as possibly our readers may remem-
ber, we had all along anticipated that a separation must
take place sooner or later. The proclamation before us,
though written with considerable ability, and in a very
becoming temper, is too long for our English notion of
such institnments. It is, in fact, less a proclamation of
state paper of any kind than a law argument or thesis
'upon the duty of obedience owing by each integral state,
of a federal union to the authority of the whole. Gene-
ral Jackson, as we have intimated, argues very ingel
niously through this question, which the peculiar circurn-I
stances and history of the states render a difficult one iI
the case. It is. indeed, scarcely possible to suggest any
wrong in the course taken by South Carolina, which will
not apply equally, or in a higher degree, to the revolu-
tion that established the independence of the national
union. The title by which the convention of South Cal
rolina claims to sever from the union is the same, bfi
which only the states can justify their revolt from Grea
Britain, namely, that being the weaker part of a com
pound state, it suffers hardships and injustice from th
stronger section or sections. There can be no questio
that in material suffering the people of South Caroli
and their neighbours endure a great deal more from th
laws forced by the preponderating majority of northe
states, than the colonists of the eighteenth century suf
fered from a stamp act or a tea tax. It is not, however
any imputation upon the president's talents, that a cods
of political morality and public law may be drawn fro
the history of his country, which can be used to vincli
cate revolt in the new world, as it has both prompted
and vindicated it in the old. When he abandons the IS
ver, and assumes the tone of the magistrate, Genera,
Jackson speaks in a manner which the governments
some old countries might imitate, with no small adv
tage

' The laws of the United States must be executed—l have,
discretionary power on the subject—my duty is emphaticak,
pronounced in the constitution. Those who told you that you miy
heaceably prevent their execution, deceived you—they could Di
ave been deceived themselves. They know that a forcib,
opposition could alone prevent the execution of the laws
they know that such opposition must be repelled. Their objl
is disunion; but be not deceived by names; disunion, by arm
force, is treason. Are you really ready to incur its guilt?
you are, on the heads of the instigators of the act be the dre
ful consequences—on their heads be the dishonour, but on yo
may fall the punishment—on your unhappy state will inevitab
fall all the evils of the conflict you fel ce upon the governme.
of your country, It cannot accede to the mad project of
union of which you would be the first victims—its 'first mug,:
trate cannot, if he would, avoid the performance of his duty'
the consequences must be fearful for you, distressing to yl
fellow-citizens here, and to the friends of good governme
throughout the world."

This language must be read with very great profit, n'
only by governments, but by all who, like Lord Milto'
Priest Doyle, Mr. William Brougham, Master in Chat)
eery, and the several tithe murderers in Ireland, fane!
that each man has in his own conscience a dispensin?
power, which entitles him to determine what laws 1'
will—what laws he will not—obey. They may be quite
sure that the successful prosecution of this doctrine
any considerable extent will present them with a Gene'
ral Jackson to teach a very different lesson ; and we n3o'
add, by the way, that a very little more of the system ,
(miscalled) government which we have seen during man
years might almost dispose conservatives to regard wit,
less alarm the access of such a gift. Undoubtedly a rie
public, in which the laws are impartially and vigorous',
enforced, is a better conservative government than a nincj
monarchy, where the just authority of the state is deserted
by a timid or treacherous cabinet, and the laws tranev
upon with impunity by every ruffian who chooses to spin',
them. There still remains, however, the important en°,
stderation—can the American Union be maintained I),J
any exertion of firmness on the part of its magistraL,o,o
or by any wisdom in the measures of Congress ?
believe that it cannot, and we avow the belief with fe:;o
nip that are the reverse of gratified. A civil war u 3 the
United States could not fail to be injurious to the °oar
merce of England, as well as to the happiness of ,
American kinsmen ; and, according to present appear
ca
antes, the separation, which seems to be inevitable' d
scarcely be effected without a civil war. We have ahead
scarcely
out the necessary effect of uniform laws, and writ'sl
which nI,,
formity of habits, in promoting that rivalship
unavoidably cause the people of a great country
a separation. An element which has greatly ac.ce.lerate,
to deseitT
and is likely to precipitate this process of d
e 1
more rapidly, is one which the Americans have cultiva
with great industry. and success, and in which they
.tsr,,
umph with just pride, as far as pride in the
ment of an immediately profitable object, without regar,l
accompli
ing results, can be deemed just. This element of
.die'd
union is steam navigation—steam navigation, des.tin,
to perform so important a part in the future destinY„4
the World. Before the discovery of this wonderful tue9
of intercommunication, the great rivers of the P3,4' cv
States, the St. Lawrence, Mississippi, and their tribe ;i0
streams were channels of • export only ; goods and
freighted in frail barks, built but for one voyagF' dc#
floated down the stream to the neighbourhood of Itliant,
bouche. The vessel was then broken up, and mere by a
crew, and supercargo betook themselves homewa!d ife,
land journey of several hundreds or thousands °the joy
as the case might be. This not only retained ail export
port trade—for from the import trade a foreigi'foreie
cannot be separated—it effectually kept all the v let 0'
trade of the country upon the sea coasts. N°-1; VP
mark the change wrought by steam naviga!l°lid. obi°,
free course by steam vessels up the MississipPl
a uth ,
as well as down, has given to all the states s°k.,,,
west of the Allegany mountains—Ohio, Kentuef
nois, &c.—all and more than all the advantage °
ble sea coast, not only rendering them
but the jealous commercial rivals of the east.c.,••-reo
indep,serTlesatat
te°ll,
In like manner the same opportunity
opened by steam navigation on the St. awrence_ion be'l
of Inct, and
opened
has both broken the commercial conne_x., _
tween the north eastern and the middle states of the be;
public, and greatly improved the good understan_lai
tgv,
tween the former and the British colonies
New Brunswick, &c. When we are stating'
-rnisunde'
know to be indisputable facts, let us not be
,--.the Cwhat

xpended upon, Belgium, which at the epoch of Let
tunate nuptials with Holland was far the poorer,
igh the most populous country, and—if now an ig-
kt, superstitious, and depraved race, in despite of the,
.nse improvements and the advances in civilization
led under the Administration of a paternal Govern•(
at a boundless waste of the common stock—waoi
Iparably more so then, when just released from the,
tionate fangs of a deputed military despotism, and
int manufactures, commerce, or industry. It is but
therefore, that she should be called upon to refund
portion of the price at which Holland has been so
Lly taxed for her exclusive profit. A territorial divi-i
of the debt must appear to every dispassionate ob-
r to be anything rather than a strict measure of jun-
to the ancient Netherland. Nor do we see hoviri
ium can object—or rather Earl Grey and Prince
grand for her—to so reasonable, and for her so clear-
ivantageous propositions as those we have been
ing of.—Guardian and Public Ledger.

THE " NULLIFICATION" (AMERICAN) QUESTION.
our next page we insert the proclamation of Gene-
aekson ution what may now, we think, be called the
ision of South Carolina from the North American
a. The acts and declarations of the South Carolina
ention, recited at the commencement of the presi-
s proclamation, prove that the revolt has matured to
;ree of determination, to expect which we were not
ared ; though, as possibly our readers may remern-
we had all along anticipated that a separation must
place sooner or later. The proclamation before top
gh written with considerable ability, and in a verf,
ming temper, is too long for our I.:nglish notion of
instonments. It is, in fact, less a proclamation of
paper of any kind than a law argument or thesis
the duty of obedience owing by each integral state'
Federal union to the authority of the whole. Gene-1
fackson, as we have intimated, argues very inge-
sly through this question, which the peculiar circum-
-;es and history of the states render a difficult one in
;ase. It is. indeed, scarcely possible to suggest any'
kg in the course taken by South Carolina, which will
ipply equally, or in a higher degree, to the revoltr
that established the independence of the national
n. The title by which the convention of South Cal
a claims to sever from the union is the same, b,
h only the states can justify their revolt from Grea
fin, namely, that being the weaker part of a corn
id state, it suffers hardships and injustice from tb
Lger section or sections. There can be no questio
in material suffering the people of South Carolin
heir neighbours endure a great deal more from tb
forced by the preponderating majority of norther*
s, than the colonists of the eighteenth century suf
from a stamp act or a tea tax. It is not, however
imputation upon the president's talents, that a cod*
aitical morality and public law may be drawn fro?
iistory of his country, which can be used to vind!,
revolt in the new world, as it has both prompted I
vindicated it in the old. When he abandons the la 4,
and assumes the tone of the magistrate, Geners
son speaks in a manner which the governments ol(
old countries might imitate, with no small adval

he laws of the United States must be exeented—l haveal
lionary power on the subject—my duty is emphatic
,unced in the constitution. Those who told you that you mig
zbly prevent their execution, deceived you—they could
been deceived themselves. They know that a forcilP
ition could alone prevent the execution of the laws,
snow that such opposition must be repelled. Their obje'
inion; but, be not deceived by names; disunion, by arm
is treason. Are you really ready to incur its guilt?
re, on the heads of the instigators of the act be the drew'
usequences—on their heads be the dishonour, but on yo
all the punishment—on your unhappy state will inevitab
1 the evils of the conflict you force upon the Rovernme.
ur country, It cannot accede to the mad project of d
of which you would be the first victims—its 'first magi'
cannot, if he would, avoid the
for
of his duty',
•nse9uences must be fearful you, distressing to yorj
-citizens here, and to the friends of good governma
;bout the world."
language must be read with very great profit, 13'
by governments, but by all who, like Lord Milto'
t Doyle, Mr. William Brougham, Master in Ch.'
and the several tithe murderers in Ireland, fanc,,
!.ach man has in his own conscience a dispensin
r, which entitles him to determine what laws 1
-what laws he will not—obey. They may be quite
that the successful prosecution of this doctrine 0
onsiderable extent will present them with a Gen'
tckson to teach a very different lesson ; and we ma
)y the way, that a very little more of the system ',
ailed) government which we have seen during man;
might almost dispose conservatives to regard NO
larm the access of such a gift. Undoubtedly a r.,
in which the laws are impartially and vigorousPt
.red, is a better conservative government than a raocj
rchy, where the just authority of the state is deserted
timid or treacherous cabinet, and the laws trarnPleo
with impunity by every ruffian who chooses to spur,
There still remains, however, the important 0,134
ition—can the American Union be maintained V,,.)
xertion of firmness on the part of its magistrate o
any wisdom in the measures of Congress? ‘i,j,
'e that it cannot, and we avow the belief with. ferje
hat are the reverse of gratified. A civil war ro tor
;d States could not fail to be injurious to the °ea
of England, as well as to the happiness of ear,
ican kinsmen ; and, according to present aPP
the separation, which seems to be inevitable, d
;ly be effected without a civil war. We have a11e,.,0,
out the necessary effect of uniform laws, 111' "01
ty of habits, in promoting that rivalship whie'l re
)idably cause the people of a great country to desr
arati on. An element which has greatly accelerate
; likely to precipitate this process of divisions.tej
rapidly, is one which the Americans have
treat industry and success, and in which
cultiva
they tsiL
with just pride, as far as pride in the accompli
of an immediately profitable object, without reer
;sults, can be deemed just. This element of
.ovied
is steam navigation—steam navigation, desti .
of
form so important a part in the future destitlY.„4
3rld. Before the discovery of this wonderful alertekl
ercommunication, the great rivers of the 1-I°,.arv•
;, the St. Lawrence, Mississippi, and their tribti
Is were channels of • export only ; goods "v 'ere
01
ted in frail barks, built but for one voyage' dc#
1 down the stream to the neighbourhood ot Itshaer,
e or
t. The vessel was then broken up, and mer
and supercargo betook themselves homerva!':oifesf
ourney of several hundreds or thousands olthe Jay
case might be. This not only retained all export
rade—for from the import trade a foreignforeigo
tbe separated—it effectually kept all thf let 05
of the country upon the sea coasts. n'
the change wrought by steam navigrat.t-tia obi
)urse by steam vessels up the MississipP'
Southand
afld
las down, has given to all the states k,
if the Allegany mountains—Ohio, Kent of Ja'doae'
and more than all the advantage
ndent 01'
coast, not only rendering them indePe state'
e jealous commercial rivals of the east.ell
erco
:e manner the same opportunity of I
in,
ant', 01
I by steam navigation on the St. ..I,avvreni„ex.o
tes, has both broken the commercial conne re,
the north eastern and the middle states onfc.!_r,..
and greatly improved the goodundersta rratdos,
the former and the British colonies,—tire. ;bet
Brunswick, &c. When we are statillg_isunder'
to be indisputable facts, let us not be 1"

stood as Wishing for the division of the 'Pinion ; still less
as desiring to replace any of its fragments under the Bri-
tish government. On the other hand, we should think
the separation of the Union at present premature ; if for
no other reason, because it must be accomplished by force,
andlnust, therefore, bequeath a long legacy of embit-
tered feeling, as well as producing much immediate mi-
.wry ; and we should dread nothing so much as an in-
9rease of our already unwieldy colonies, more particu-
larly under circumstances that would seem to laT Great
Britain open to the suspicion of wishing to aggrandize
cannot, however, be blind to the fact, that, from natural
causes as these are, acted upon by the progress of that
" art which is man's nature"—the present system of the
Union must give place to two, most probably to three,
independent states. The republican form of government
will accelerate the process; but it will also, if the Ame-
ricans are wise, render it peaceable. Nothing, however,
short of a Russian or Asiatic despotism can ultimately
avert it; and such a despotism could perpetuate the
herself at the expense of her American neighbours. We
-Union, only by treating with indifference its afflicting
operation upon the states that suffer by it. How the
present quarrel may terminate, we do not venture to
predict ; but the sentence of separation has gone firth,
and, perhaps, it were better if the Americans would make
up their minds to it as.an event not to be avoided. There
is already less intercourse between the eastern and
western states, than there is between either and Europe
--and less community of interest than there is between
the latter and England. How can all these States pos-
sibly go on together ?—Standard.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

FRANCE.

The Paris papers of Friday. and Saturday, which have been
received, are almost entirely filled with accounts of the King's
movements in the north, and reports of Friday's proceedings in
the Chamber of Deputies. None of them contain any article
of general interest. It appears that some riots had occurred at
Chchy, in consequence of the right claimed by the greater por-
tion of the inhabitants, who have adopted the new dissenting
religious faith called " French Catholics," to the parochial
church. The " Roman Catholic" priests and followers have
insisted on keeping the church exclusively to themselves, and
the consequence has been the interference of the armed force,
and an attempt to resist them. Nothing more serious, how-
ever, occurred than a few broken heads, and it appears that the
" Roman Catholics,"_ having the support of the government and
local authorities, have succeeded in driving their opponents
from the field. According to accounts from Brest of the Bth,
orders had been received to fit out three ships of the line with
the utmost expedition. Nothing certain was known as to their
destination, but it was believed that an expedition to Hayti was
in contemplation. The proceedings in the Chamber of Depu-
ties on Saturday were confined to the hearing of petitions with-
out interest.

LILLE, Jan. 9.—Her Majesty the Queen of the French, ac-
companied by Madame Adelaide, and the Princesses her
daughters, alighted at the hotel of the Prefecture, amidst the
acclamations of a numerous crowd, and this morning, after ten
o'clock, the King and Queen of the Belgians arrived, and were
soon afterwards conducted to the palace, where the Queen,
Madame Adelaide, and the Princesses, received them as they
alighted, and the young Queen of the Belgians thiew herself
into her mother's arms. We shall not attempt to describe this
affecting scene, which excited in the highest degree the feelings
of all who witnessed it.—Norwelliste.
PARIS, Jan. 12.—The conferences between M. de Werther
4M the Duke de Broglie continue on the subject of the affairs
°f Holland and Belgium, which seem to make but little pro-
gress, though the Prussian Minister is said to have now full
ilowers from Russia, and Holland has also made him the organ
°f its latest pretensions. Despatches arc almost daily sent by
our Minister for Foreign Affairs to London, and by the Prus-
4iatt Ambassador to the Hague and Berlin.--Quotidieitne.

FRANKFORT, Jan. 3.—A courier was despatched to Paris a
few days ago with a note to the French Cabinet, in which the
Diet requires an explanation relative to the violation of the
Dutch territory by Marshal Gerard's troops. A part of the
Vrench artillery destined for the siege of Antwerp took the
toad through Arlon, which belongs to the Grand Duchy of
Luxemburg. The Diet is not disposed to subscribe to the deci-
sion of the London conference which incorporates this part of
Luxemburg with the kingdom of Belgium, and it means to
assert the rights of the King of Holland as a Prince of the con-
federation. The confirmation or the denial of this newsis impa-
tiently expected.—Journal des Debats, Jan. 13.

HOLLAND.
THE HAGUE, Jan. 9.—lt is said that a courier was despatched
Lesterday evening from the Department of Foreign Affairs to
ondon, with the answer of the government to the last pro-
posals of England and France. '1 his morning it is said that
three couriers have been despatched from the same department
to St. Petersburgh, Berlin, and Vienna, who are the bearers of
4 Communication relative to this answer. With respect to the
contents of the answer nothing certain is yet known. Some
Persons affirm that the substance of it is, that his Majesty is
readhy to enter into further negotiations as soon as the garrison
(If te citadel shall be given up, the embargo revoked, and our
848 restored. These, however, are only reports.—Handelsblad.
January believe I can now state to you more posi-
tively, and on good authority, what I yesterday mentioned re-
n)enung the answer of our government to the proposals of
lerance and England. The answer is said to be comprised in a
counter-roject, which insists, in the first place, on the release
of our ships and cargoes in the French and English ports, and
the liberty of our countrymen who are prisoners of war.—
Ifandelsblad.
The Dutch papers have been occupied for the last two days
with accounts of the dexterity with which a Dutch frigate, the
Queen of the Netherlands, coming from Batavia and bound
Dort, had escaped the cruisers of the combined squadrons
'Ft arriving off the coast. It was on the 2nd instant that he
entered the channel, and finding a great many vessels steering
agtwards with an easterly wind, he flattered himself that all
I,4'as at leace. He was boarded, however, by a Dover pilot
•JO-, •
which brought him a file of English newspapers, and
om these he learned how matters stood. The weather 'being
fine and the wind still easterly, he did not think it prudent to
lumps till tio‘ltnik the
ship up the channel, but steered in the same direc-
• • with the ships of the squadron in order to allay their sus-
ten o'clock at night, when the weather becoming
sus-
thick and the wind at S.S.W., he set all sail and made his
ay through the heads. On the following day, the 3d, he was
to sight of-Walcheren, keeping in deep water, with the wind
moderate at east, and firing a shot from time to time for a
I' pilot to come ou board, that he might run iu when
t.:,f9luul an opportunity. After a tiresome delay a pilot came
aim, but white working inwards on Friday, the 4th, he saw
~a„hip of war bearing down upon him with a press of sail, but
ii:".nout showing any flag. Ile kept, in consequence, near the
never
in from twelve to eight fathoms water, but the enemy
„Over lost sight of him, so that he was compelled to go into still
'.lalluxver water to, keep beyond the range of the guns. In
heeled
Situation he caught the ground by the head, and the vessel
the
with the wind, but hauling his sails taught, he fired off
e whole of his guns, double shotted„ which produced such an
Zfitation in the water as to set him afloat again. None of the
t ores pilots having come to his assistance,_ he was obliged to
AABt to the buoys, and at last found an opportunity of sending
" government despatches on shore, with a letter to the Vice-
Van der Straten, requestinA,that a steam-boat might
',,,,ltediately- be sent to his relief. This was accordingly done,
ya ,;` ,the Queen of the Netherlands has arrived in safety at Hel-
t,``.Blnys, but has been prevented from proceeding to Dort in
asoquenee of the ice.

SPAIN.
Vol'i,hQ King of Spain has formally protested against and re-
vic,,,ed the decree extorted from him during his illness, by
tiis4:ll he re-established the Salique law as the rule of succes-
-1414%, The old Visigothic law is now again the law of Spain,
e females can inherit the throne. '1 he effect will be the
thud
of Don Carlos, who is the head of the Apostolicals,
!tile accession of Don Ferdinand's daughter, who, being in
lai 'l " auds of her mother, will be of the liberal party.—
th hether this arrangement will be acquiesced in if Ferdinand
7,111(1 die before his brother, may be reasoriably'doubted.
Is. however, a mistake, to think that Ferdinand has made
ctunovation on the old custom of
onespain by his revocation of
tb; 2alique law. Spain was not of the countries in which
ier," Sall dwelt, and their law was never introduced until the
Vesslou of the Bourbon Philip V. after the treaty of Utrecht.
ili""us formerly have reigned in Spain—for instance, Isabella.
11,11,(:e the accession of Philip, to the present day, there has
10 no occasion of making it a practical question, the male
10 never having failed until now. Charles IN ~ however,
z,4', intended to revoke it in 1783, so that it was the unques-
tle4 law of Spain only about seventy years. The succession