The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1835-08-14 00:00:00

REPLY TO THE FIRST ASSERTION

If France were the country which consumed the greater
proportion of this article, Havre being the largest market in
France for cotton wool, one could conceive that up to a certain
point an extended speculation io this article at Havre might
at first effect an artificial rise in the price of cotton, and finally
maintain it. But all the world knows that relatively to Liver-
pool, the principal market in England and Europe for cotton,
Havre is but a secondary market. Besides it is well known that
the prices of cotton (notwithstanding the difference in the duty,
which is less in England than in France) are always as high at
Liverpool as at lluvre, and for the last two months these same
prices have been maintained at rates from 5 rii) 7 centimes for
the half-kilograinme higher in the former than in the latter of
these markets !
In supposing that the rise in the price of cotton is caused by
speculation, might it not rather be attributed to the speculators
of Liverpool than to those of Havre; to the former of whom the
two journals in question ought to attach the blame.
But the fact is, that this rise has its source in a cause which
the speculators of Liverpool, as well as those of Havre, have
been trying to turn to their account. This is the cause—on the
31st December, 1827, a period of great manufacturing pros-
perity, the stocks of cotton in England, France, and other
principal depots of Europe, amounted to 502,360 bales of all
descriptions.
Since then the general advancement of cotton in European
commerce is explained by the following :
Dates. Importations. Consumption.
1,033,530 bales. 1,10,3,807 bales.
1,077,681 1,215,355
1,250,932 1,190,536
1,224,111 1,298,993
1,293.522 1.336,276
1,335,748 1,3.36,215..
1,328,228 1,392,037

Stocks up to the
31st December.
492,08.3 bales.
353,909
414,365
339,483
296,729
296,262
232,453

1828.
1829.
1830.
1831.
1832.
1833.
1831.

It results from these tables that from 1818 to 1834 inclusive,
'tiro- quantity of :aott4 w oL the different countries producing
this article have been able to furnish towards the consumption
of the European manufactures has been inferior to this con suinp-
tion, and that the total of the stocks remaining at different
European depots at the end of each year has successively di-
minished, so that in fact the amount of stock on the 3lst Decem-
ber, 1833, shows a reduction upon that of 31st December, 1827,
from 212 100! !
The true cause of the rise of the prices of cotton in Europe is
nowhere to be found but in those facts, but, above all, in the
last one, particularly since the clay when these circumstances
are supposed to have come into operation.
But it will be remarked too, -how long do you suppose this
rise will last ?—As long, we will reply, as no circumstance exists
which will shake the cause which gave birth to it.
Upon this point, in the last analysis, it is evident that even a
diminution, more or less large, in the consumption of cotton in
Europe, with or even without an augmentation in the production
of this article, might bring about a fall more or less considerable
in the prices of the former, in the same way that an augmenta-
tion in this consumption, without a corresponding increase, or
with a.decrease in the production, might also be susceptible on
the other hand, of causing .still farther progress in the actual
rise.
Now it is precisely in the problematical realization of the one
or other of these hypotheses that the cause of the existing strug-
gle, now stronger than ever, between the li:l3:vs and sellers of
cotton in Europe, will lie found. Relative to the latter it is well
i
to observe that they are n a certain way but the compulsory
substitutes of the producers of this commodity, who, on their
side, by a series of inducements which we have been exposing,
are the first promoters of the rise against which the two Paris
journals whom we are answering are arming themselves. Here
we see at a glance the sagacity and justice of the two journals
in making out the speculators of Havre as the authors of the
rise we have alluded to.

tEPI.I TO THE SECOND ASSERTION.
The descriptions of cotton yarn are so numerous, and their
prices, in consequence of the existinc, disparity in the qualities
of the same numbers, are so different', that it has been impossi-
ble for us to draw up tables of a satisfactory exactitude in refer-
ence to the progression in the prices of this branch of our mann-
factures so as to compare it with that of the prices of cotton
wool. Touching this point, therefore, we do not hesitate to say,
that if a fact was ever proved, it is this, that never at any former
time have the profits of our cotton-spinners in general been sa
great as during the time which has gone by since the rise on
cotton 'wool..

But now let us turn our attention to cloths. Respecting
these we have been able to procure lists of real sales in one of
the principal markets in our environs, from which it results
that since 1831, the year when silk and cotton stuff (which we
have chosen as a term of comparison, being the sort which our
cotton twist manufacturers make the greatest use of) fell to tue
lowest possible price at Havre, the common description mixed
with different k►nds of cotton having been this year from 88f. to
92E, the 50 kilos up to 1834, when the same description was
119 42f., the "combined sales of calicoes have risen pro-
gressively in porportion u the rise was felt in the markets of
cotton wool. Here is the proof of what we have already ad-
vanced:—

List of the sales of cotton—
Georgia, C.S., Mobile, Ala-
bama, Tenessee, and Lou-

isiana—at Havre.

List of the sales of calicoes.

1831.... LSB 92 les 50 kilo. i f. 52 08 les• 100 aunes.
1832.... 88 92 .. 57.,3t)
1833.... 113 79 .. I 10 30
1831.... 119 42 .. 75 13.
Summary of the above lists.
88,92 : 119,42 : : 100 : 134
52,t,8 : 75,13 : : 100 : 144
That is to say, that although the rise upon cotton wool at Havre
has been but 34, the rise upon calicoes at Bolbee during the
sane period has been at 41 per cent.

REPLY TO THE THIRD ASSERT:ON.
The following tigtiree will be the victorious, reply to the last
assumption : _ _

List of the cotton wool in France in
1831 213,813 B. I 1833....4..276,387 B.
1832 272,463 ~ „
242,843 : 301,652 : : 100 i 124

These calculations, wbidishow a flourishing progression in
the consumption of cotton wool in France in the proportion of
120 to 124 from 1831 to 18.34, notwithstanding the rise which
took place on this article since the first of these dates, show also
equally well that this rise has neither paralysed this blanch of
our manufactures, nor taken away the means of existence front
millions of workmen employed in these manufactures, as pretends
one of the two journals which we have cited.
After all we declare that we have not the least intention of
making ourselves the chaMpion either of the rise or the fall in
the price of cotton, and that in taking the pen under these cir-
cumstance's our only object has been to re-establish truth with
regard to the facts which bare imp perverted through ignorance;
we should wish to believe in the publications which have pro-
voked this refutation on our part.
We cannot finish this article without noticing some errors,
particularly on the part of the Monigeur du Commerce, in this
discussion ; these being too gross to he passed over it) silence.
This journal pretends that the freight upon cotton from the
United States to Havre is treble that upon the same article
from the same place to Liverpool.
It must have been profound ignorance not only of the fact
itself, hut even of the first principles of commerce, which could
have led this journal to advance suai a statement. M. Nicolas
Kechlin de Mulhouse, in a reply which he lately addressed to
the Chamber of Cotnuierce of this town, has admirably exposed
this absurd allegation. We refer the AlAntiteur du Commerce to
this reply.
This journal has also pretended that the importation of cotton '
into England in the first ;ix months of 1835 exceeds those of
18.34 by 03,000 bales. The following is an exact statement of
these importations:-
Ist six months of ism 602,560 bales.
Ditto 1835 tit 6,320 do.
It is noised abroad that the Mon lieu; dei Commerce rkteires
pevuuiary aid limn the limird of Commerce. 11 this report be
well founded it must be evident that this aid is money well
applied.

TO MR. WILLIAM RATHBONE,. J.P.,
(OR, CEING INTERPRETED, " I(%gTICE OF THE PEACE.")

SIR,---I was f3rtunate enough, through the kindness of the
editor of the Livuttpoot. STANDARD, to procure a place in the
columns of that journal for a letter which I took the liberty of
addressing, personally, to yourself.
Permit me to inform you that it does not do for great men
to be silent. I have Watched, but in vain, for your reply to my
letter, which I humbly asked for in your magisterial capacity.
When I recollect how ready you are to listen to the voice of the
people, I am puzzled to think why you should not have ad-
dressed me. I find none : an effect, I can only conclude, pro-
duced by the cause of the newsman having left in the wrong
quarter your number of the LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

If such be the case, then it is only fair to give you the benefit
of the adage—" ignorance is bliss." I shall, therefore, now
re-state to you what I advanced in the letter I had the honour
to address to you :—A few years since, prior to a general elec-
tiou, General Gascovne, the tried and faithful representative in
parliament of Liverpool, came to visit his constituents. He
happened at the time to be in his carriage, when, in the pre-
sence of several individuals of high respectability, he was as-
saulted iu the most disgraceful and ungentlemanlike manner by
an individual whose act made him a disgrace to the community
he would desire (to make himself respectable) to call his own.
There was no doubt about this assault. The man that commit-
ted it is known, and he is seen daily in the streets unpunished.
The .fact is, between you and myself, the very instruments
would have been disgraced that might have punished him, and
derefore there is an great cause for complaint. The police, at
the tine it occurred, were not at hand, or he would have been
taken into custody; but let me beg of you to tell me, under
these circumstances, what imprisonment or other punishment
you, as one of his majesty's justices of the peace, would in-
Met lam one of thole who think

" The play's the king
Wherewith to touch the conscience of the thing."
So, I beseech you, favour me with your award; if not, then 1
must give you mine. We have yet to know what "lord in the
gutter" made you a magistrate; but, for award, I would keep
him on bread and water for three years, give him the treadmill
for the same ,period, make him read Lord Broughan.es Penny
Magazitie,-*Uti, to save his soul, Permit hr.:. Mar-
tineau ; but, lost of all, I/would give -him the benefit of his own
society, and tone other; and, if be survived that, truly may I
say the latter is au infliction that could not be equalled even if
I drove over his head.

Your obedient servant,
ONE HORSE AND FOUR WHEELS,

P.S.—I have just heard of Your exhibition iu Clayton-square
to-day. Truly, as a magistrate, no one could be so fit for the
office !
Liverpool, 10th August, 1835.

THE LIVERPOOL PETITION AGAINST THE
CORPORATIONS BILL.

This petition was despatched to London on Tuesday night
for presentation to the lords spiritual and temporal of Great
Britain and Ireland, to whom it is addressed. In the course
of two days, Monday and Tuesday, it received nearly 6,090 sig-
natures, spontaneously given—without having recourse to any
kind of excitement. and without the aid of fraud or persuasion.
4mong the names were found not only those of the most opu-
lent. merchants, bankers, and other traders, but those of every
grade of society, profession, art, or trade, known Li this place,
who, we repeat, have thus recorded their spontaneous opinion
of the conduct of the [louse of Lords, and of the merits of the
corporations reform bill. We subjoin a copy of the petition
and its prayer:—
The humble petition of the undersigned clergy, magistrates,.
merchants, bankers, and other inhabitants of the town ant
neighbourhood of Liverpool,
Sheweth,
That your petitioners approach your lordships with feelings
of admiration at the firm and dignified conduct adopted by your
lordships in suspending your judgment upon tne bill for the
regulation of municipal corporations in Lngland and Wales,
until your lordships had carefully examined into the constitution
of those bodies.

That your petitioners are of opininn that the present mea-
sure of municipal reform should have been preceded by a care-
ful and impartial investigation into the corporations of England
and Wales, and clear and indisputable evidence, upon oath,
that there do exist in those bodies the abuses which have been
alleged by the promoters of the present bill.
Your petitioners therefore humbly pray, that your lordships
will afford to the corporations of England and Wales a full
and fair trial, and permit each and every of them to be heard
at the bar of your lordship? house, by their recorders, town-
clerks, counsel, and witnesses, fully satisfied that such investi-
gation will show to the people of this country the justice of
preserving the rights and privileges of a numerous body of his
majesty's subjects.
And your petitioners respectfully assure your lordships of
their fixed and firm determination to support your lordships'
house as an independent branch of the legislature of Great
Britain.—And your petitioners will ever pray. &c.
Of the Saint Monday's petition, agreed to at the meeting in
Clayton-square on that day, we have but little to say. A liberal
informed us yesterday that he was asked to sign it by one of its
zealous promoters; having stated that he had previously done
so, the requisitionist replied, " well sign it again, I have signed
it bar times myself." The liberal then said, "you base com-
mitted a positive fraud, and if I could find the sheet on which 1
wrote my name, I would instantly go and erase it."

TO T,Bll EDITOR OF TSB irrimPoot ST.4IC.OJIRLIr"
your report of the meeting of corporation reformers
on Monday last you are pleased to represent rue as having been
"an itinerant deputy from the Catholic Association of Ireland,
prior to the passing of the emancipation bill." You have been
misinformed. During the period of the struggle for the recovery
of the constitutional rights of the Roman catholics I filled the
office of secretary to the defence committee, or executiver con ncil
of the British Catholic Association. The Duke of Nor olk, the
Earl of Shrewsbury, the rest of the catholic nobility, baronets,
and gentry of Great Britain, were members of that association.
Besides filling the office of secretary in London, 1, periodically,
visited Lancashire, Scotland, and Ireland.
My labours commenced in July, 1817, and ended in April,
1829—a period of twelve years—wfien the royal aSSCUt wa.s given
to the relief bill. During the whole of that period I acted with-
out salary, fee, or reward of any kind whatsoever—paid ley own
travelling expenses, and subscribed, annually, to the general
emancipation fund. Aare never received, nor will I ever accept,
rote farthing of remuneration for my humble services. If patriot-
ism consists in the immolation of the interests of self for the
benefit of others, then have I a distinct claim to that character.
I ern surprised that the editor of a journal so respectable as
yours should misrepresent my opinion respecting the amount of
the catholic population residing in the parliamentary borough
of Liverpool. On reference to my evidence before the com-
missioners you will see the data whereon I found my calcula-
tions of our probable numbers—data furnished, in parr, by parish
returns of the church of England ; and you cannot deny my
accuracy without impugning their authority.
You are of course aware that the town-clerk, during the in-
quiry, declared that he had no doubt that the catholic population
of this town amounted to 50,000.
Your report is again in error in attributing to me an unfa-
vourable opinion of the architectural excellence of the chapel
on the Mount Cemetery. I have, on the contrary, uniformly
expressed my unqualified admiration of that building, and of
the judgment and taste displayed in erecting it On the platform
of living, rock. Would to Heaven I could speak as favourably
of another building in the Cemetery to which. I did refrr —a
building for whose removal I would gladly subscribe, as being
utterly unfitted for the purpose for which' it has been raised ;
and, in making this observation, I merely echo the opinion of
every architect of genius who has inspected it—whether resident
here or in the metropolis.—Yours, &c.,
10, Beau-street, 13th August, 1835.

JOHN ROSSON,

AMERICAN OPINION Or ENGLISH POLITTCS.—The O'Connel
Radicalism of Great Britain is precisely the same, in feelieg
spirit, and principle, as the Jacksonism and the Albany Regen-
cyisin of this country. In regard to reforms—all salutary chan-
ges necessary to the general happiness of the people, and for
the diffusion and preservation of true liberty, we are in favour
of them. But liberty and licentiousness are verydifferent things;
and next to the subversion of the Federal Constitution of our
own country, should we deplore the overthrow of those glorious
institutions of England, which, despite all their faults, have
made her one of the noblest nations that ever inhabited the
earth. What principle in the code of humanity, of law, of liber-
ty, of religion, do we enjoy in the United States, that was not
derived from the institutions of England ? As to the present
struggle there, it is not, as formerly, between svhigs and tories,
but between the conservatives and destructives. The real whips
of England, and the ablest and most liberal of the aristocracy,
are acting in ciihcettlo preserve all that a true Englsh patriot
can hold dear—these are .the conservatives; while the dema-
gogue whips, the trades' unions, and the radicals, are in 'league
against them; and most justly are they pronounced destructives.
will be the day, not only to England, but to the whole
world. when they shall triumph in the destruction of the Bri-
tish. Constitution.—New Fork Commercial Advertiser.

NEW ADMEASUIIEMENT OF HEAT.—We need not inform our
Scottish readers that the fuel used in the country schools is turf;
and that the mode in which fire assessment isle‘;ied is. that each
scholar, whether male or female, bring their quota every morn-
ing, consisting, as the occasion may require, of one Or two
Dominic, of Dykehead, bad got a
peuts. •- Andrew Crossmyloof,
thermometer for regulating the heat of the apartment he occu-
pied "in teaching the young idea how to shoot;" it was not an
elegant instrument by any means—it had been used ova neigh-
bouring distillery; but it served Andrew's purpose admirably,
and Sir Humphrey Davy himself could not have been more
proud of his safety lamp than the pedagogue of Dykehead was
of his thermometer. The neighbouring clergyman, who was a
bit of a wag, paid a visit to the school, and noticing the instru-
ment suspended in the most conspicuous part of the room, asked
Andrew how he regulated the heat of the apartment? "As the
lire," said the monarch of the taws, "has been lately fed by
portion of fresh fuel, and the temperature of the room is at
present just what I consider proper for the health of my pupils,
your reverence will therefore exercise a little of.that patience
which Ton SO eloquently recommend to others on the Sabbath;
cud I will show you the method we have of lowering the, tem-
perature." Andrew in the meantime went on squeezing out of
Hilton-Jock a portion of the Shorter Catechism,•eyeing at in-
tervals the column of mercury as it rose above the given poiut
in the tube. "Now, John, resume•vour form • but before you
sit down, I see the degree of heat indicated is ;Wye the hearth),
point--so subtract from the number in the tire one peat!" •

SWINDLING AND ROBBERY.---A man named Henry Russell,
was on Wednesday placed before Aid. P. Bourne, charged by
Mr. Gerard, a publican of Crown-court, London-road, with har-
ing purloined some copper coin from a drawer in his horse. Mary
Ann Gerard, deposed, that the prltrner went to b,dge at ber
house on the 2nd instant. On Monday morning last. she bail left
him sitting in the bar, near the money drawer, which contained
about fifteen shillings in loose copper. White she was in the kit ch-
en. she heard the money rattle in the drawer, is hen she ran to
the bar to ascertain the cause-of it. The prisoner she found sit-
ting where she left hint, but some half-pence lay scattered on the
door, and he had some mere in his hand. She accused him of
theft, but be denied it and left the house. Police office Sayer
was sent for, who examined the prisoner's portmanteau, which
was found to cotitain nothing but old rags, though be had du-
ring the week run on a bill of £5 10s. 9.1. Sayer then went in
pursuit of the prisoner, whom he quickly apprehended. The
prisoner was committed for trial at the Borough Sessions.