The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1845-12-30 00:00:00

in order to absc

debaucheries of the season, w
unable to pay. In like manner the grooms of the Earl o
Northumberland's chamber bad a Christmas-box, and it
is recorded that the earl deposited in it twenty shillings.

itch the servan

s were

—Hampson's Dates and Charters
THE AMERICAN NAVY.—The navy of the V
Statfa is very respectable. Taking their navy list, it
pears that they have, of all classes of ships, old, rotten
on the stocks, and on the rivers and lakes, in China and
the Pacific, a grand total of seventy-six ; namely, ten
line-of-battle ships, twelve frigates of the first-class, two
of the second-class, twenty-three sloops of war, eight
ght schooners, eight steamers, together with four
- it may be safely reckoned that
superior,

and fifty of this list are really
le vessels, and immediately available for any
vice or emergency. Five ships of the line, alongsid

between forty

bat really more rise
tit he considered nne

SECRET OF IRISH PERVERSITIES..--I find in Hippo-
crates a mode of accounting for our insane tendencies,
which occurs to me as being very satisfactory. " What
is it, Proby ?" said Sharpe. ' Why, Hippocrates reckons
not eating amongst the causes of lunacy, and it is a noto-
rious fact, that the great majority of the people in this
island eat so little, that they may fairly be considered as
not eating at all. Then, what they do eat (when they de-
part from the general rule), is the very description of food
which the ancient physicians condemn as a windy diet!
they feed upon roots exclusively. I have no doubt it is
to this—to the use of the potatoe—we may ascribe our
vapouring habits, our love of bluster, and our fondness
for castles in the air." " 1 recollect," said Sharpe, " that
Burton enumerates roots amongst the articles of melan-
choly diet, and also pork, so that our pigs have to answer
for some of our perversities."— The Falcon Family.
FILTH AND FEVER.—Deficient drainage, if not the
parent, is most certainly the nurse of fever. My own
opinion is that fever is a contagious disease, spreading
from person to person, just as small pox or scarlet fever
does, but, like those diseases, haunting over-crowded or
ill-drained districts, and all places where, from any cause
whatever, the air is foul, and filled with animal and vege-
table exhalations. It loves the banks of rivers, the bor-
ders of marshes, the edges of stagnant pools. It makes
itself at home in the neighbourhood of cess-poolg and
badly-constructed drains, and takes special delight in the
incense of gully-holes. It has a perfect horror of fresh
air, soap, and whitewash, but, when left to itself, will
linger for years amid scenes of filth and corrur

ion, and

hold in its deadly embrace all human beings who have
the same depraved taste, or are so unfortunate as to be
thrown into its company. It is the favourite child of
laissez' faire (in plain English, lel alone), and bears the
same relation to FILTH as crime does to IGNORANCE.—
Lecture by D. IV. A. Guy.
GRAIN GROWING IN THE UNITrn STATES.---While
in the valley of the Mississippi. the author was astonished
at the cheapness and abundance of bread and meat. fle
inquired how it was possible for the farmers to sell their
wheat at 2s per bushel, and their maize, rye, barley, and
oats, at Sd ? " Why, sir, my friend in Indiana,
bra got this year 2000 acres of wheat in one patch, which,
at 26 bushels to the acre, amounts to 50,000 bushels.
The thrashing by our simple machines, and the cradling
at harvest time, enables him to get through the work
much quicker than is done in Europe, and in this poor
country 25,000 dollars is a large sum to receive in a heap
for his crop of wheat, and as carriage is nothing on our
rivers, or next to nothing, there are few deductions.
There is always sufficient solar heat to insure good crops,
the only danger being from drought, but there has never
been a failure since I have been in the coentt y. Now

you see how we can grow wheat to pay us at 2s per bushel,
or as you say in England, 16s per quarter, and it is never
likely to be dearer !"—Rubio's Rambles in the United
States.

NAVIGATION OF THE RIVER AMAZON BY STEAM.—
The Mining Journal has the following further informa-
tion on the subject of the progress of Captain Clause in
opening a new passage up the Amazon for steamers :
" By private information we have received from a corres-
pondent at New York, by the Britannia steamer, we are
informed, this experienced naval officer has had full power
given him, by the company that is forming in the United
States, to explore the whole of that territory, to see bow
far the different rivers can be made navigable, so as to
carry out mining operations on an extended scale, as
silver and other ores may be culled in a perfect native
state, being found abundantly on the surface or a very few
feet below the prolific soil. The captain, we are informed,
has gone on another exploring expedition up the river
Gastoza, a branch of the Amazon, attended by several
eminent mining engineers, who are commissioned to make
not only a

survey of the country, but, more particularly,
the mineral resources it offers to mining enterprise and
commercial speculation. From the accounts we have re-
ceived, the country is not only one of the most salubrious,

rncerned, but it is most abundant in everything neces-
ry for the well-being and happiness of man, and, if pro-

ultivated, it will, in a few years hence, become a
most lucrative undertaking for those who had the adven-
turous idea of exploring a country hitherto unknown, not
only to the Americans, both north and south, I

ut more

THE CHURCH OF SCOLTAND AND THE FREE CHURCH.
—The avowed reasons for the late breach are chiefly these :
—one, that the presentation to cures commonly understood
by the term patronage, is unscriptural and insupportable ;
and the other, that the constitution of the Established
Church dishonours Christ, its proper head—or, in the
_
at the headship of Christ is virtually
v, with regard to the first, there are

nied by her

'ew among us but will say, that the claim of any one indi_

nee4 30, 184‘.

In accordance with a sort of instruction or ciruilar, ems"
nating from the three London bashaws, a meeting of Poor"
law officers was held at Newton on Saturday week,,.tc:

take into consideration a bill to be submitteif to parlia-
ment, for the lishment oe yin submitted
to the circularsesta stbated that thisth billsociet had been submitted
to the Poor-law Commissioners, and highly-approved br
them. The bill is to the effect, that the aforesaid com-
pulsory rate shall be levied on all officers in the service.;
that when they become superannuated, or die, and thee
widows or children, or_both, require relief, the Poor-

Commissioners must be respectfully

" memorialized!

and them alone ; and that 'all the business must to
transacted by the three bigwigs. At the meeting g
Newton there were present, including the chairman,
officers to whom the circular addressed itself; and si

summonses have been sent to all-officers it; the service,
thronghout England and Wales. A Mr. Richard Hal!►
assistant commissioner for the London Districts is, LI
appears, a main mover in this new and arbitrary emeufe,
and lie is backed by his superiors, the triumvirate at the
top of the tree. A resolution was submitted to the meet-
ing, to the effect that no parish or union officer should he
compelled to contribute to any fund to be raised by tiae
proposed society : and this being the general opinion, the
first clause of the bill to that effect having been submitted
for consideration by the opposite party, and duly argued'
was thrown out by a majority of 33 to lg. We hail
triumph of the parish officer; of our county over a dicta-
torial little clique of legislators in London,. who never
ought to have been possessed of the powers they wield
over the necessitous poor, much less to arrogate the con-
duct and manner of the provision which deserving a"'
acute public servants should deserve, for old age or those
they may leave behind them. They whole system is one
of insolent and tyrannous assumption, and amongst the
" coming" reforms that of the new poor-law must b 6
urged by the people at large. this