The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-02-10 00:00:00

contem

THE LivEiti366ll gtANDA.RD.

ON THE PRACTICE OF " MAKING FREE " WITH A
FRIEND.—We can take any freedom with a friend; we
stand on no ceremony with a friend. This, taking a
friendly freedom, often means taking somebody by the
arm and dragging him into a desperate scrape, because we
reverence him above all other men. This standing on no
ceremony, frequently implies, sitting below the salt at
your friends board, and being wholly overlooked in the
flattering attentions lavished upon a guest whom your
friend cares not ever to see again. These things daily
happen "in the beaten way of friendship." Dine with a
man who bad selected you from the whole world as his
own; who had eyes and chose you; who plays Hamlet to
your Horatio : he sits you down to a friendly dinner, and
gives you his second best port—no hock—no champagne
—no claret. Dine again, when lie would not fur the
world you were absent, as he is desirous of entertaining
an illustrious obscure whom he despises; you occupy no
seat of honour, to be sure, on that occasion, but you are
regaled with your friends best port, and invited to deliver
verdicts upon his champagne and claret. You are com-
paratively certain of being well treated. when the enter-
tainment is.not got up on your account—a hen you play
a subordinate part in the friendly comedy ; although then,
if there happen to be a cold plate or a shabby bunch of
grapes, you are sure of getting it, because your friend can
" take the liberty with you," he knows " you don't mind
it." We feel bound to be punctual and conscientious
with those we are indifferent about; while we can afford,
at any time, on the frostiest night, to be an hour after our
appointment with the single gentleman who occupies an
apartment in our heart's core. With him we can play
any prank that pleases our humour. or suits our conveni-
ence. We can fail to visit him when be expects us, if
we have to make a call upon an acquaintance ; we can
leave his letter unanswered for a week, if we have notes
about nothings to reply to from unrespected correspond-
ents. The pledge one gives him, in an after-dinner pro-
mise to one's wife to be home at eleven, which is rigidly
observed, if nothing happens to tempt one to break faith.
It may be kept, or it may not be kept. We are to be
punctual—if we like.—Blancha'd'a Slceichea.
CH ILDREN. —To see children as they ought to be, you
roust see them in numerous covies. The real child is only
to be found in a house where you can't set down a foot
heedlessly without trampling on one. There they are so
much in the way, that people are not allowed to forget
them, and they are so many, that none of them can be
spoiled by petting. Besides, children make by far the
beat keepers and companions for e 'eh other. A baby in
its bascitwt, trying to rtst on its feet, while propping its
little hands on the rim, or reaching over to catch some-
thing, is enough to outwear the patience of the most pat-
tern nurse-maid ; but et a little creature of two or three
years old, the quiet and gentle one of the family, to watch
the baby, and, proud of the commission, it never tires.
The baby, too, is more amenable to its tiny ceercion, when
seeking to break bounds. Such a group is the only beau-
tiful emblem of the power that love imparts to human
weakness. When the blind is imagined directing the
lame, while the lame carries the blind, the picture is pain-
ful and humiliating ; but there is lio such alloy in the pic-
ture of an elf, only half emerged from babyhood, keeping
baby from hurting itself while the baby supplies the place
of a plaything. Or perhaps it is a gallant unbreeched boy
who takes upon him the guardianshiu of a sister some
twelve moons his senior. flow soon the lord of the
creation" shows himself in the male. There is a mis-
chievous, laughing self-confidence in an urchin of two.
years, that girls never attain. If any other class of intel-
ligent existence have it in their power to contemplate
human beings, the most inexperienced among them must
at once have a presentiment that in the baby boy, they
behold a creature whose will is to be law to himself and
others. A nursery-maid:, when children who are verging
towards the transition epoch at which the child passes
into the boy or girl prove unusually stubborn, sometimes
threatens to leave them.. Let the experiment be tried, and
it is ten to one that the culprit, if a girl, looks on while
t e bonnet and shawl are being pinned, half-incredulous,
half-anxious, that her younger sister is dissolved in tears,
and that while baby keeps crowing utterly unconscious of
what is passing, little master, with a pout on his lip and a
frown on his brow, doggedly sets his back against the door
to prevent egress, and says nothing. In girl-children, the
intellect develops itself more rapidly than in boy-children ;
but the character is much earder pronounced in the male.
This may be the reason why we always find in the nursery
pa:rings off, a brother and sister keeping themselves some-
what apart from the rest. Where there are two, one must
go before; either the elder girl has not the talent of lead-

thority over her by divine right. The boy takes. the lead
unconsciously, and yet, as in after life, the girl has per-
haps more influence over him than he over her.—Tau.

THE RAILWAY MOVEMENT.—No reflecting man can
contemplate the prodigious magnitude of the railway en-
terprises in which the nation is invoived—the hundreds of
millions of capital required for their completion—the
character, profession, and standing. of the proprietors—

ley are intended

the probable traffic expected to arise, without coming to
the conclusion that, in the midst of a mass of the most
arrant folly and madness, there is abundant material for
grave thought. The statesman whose judgment is not
elouded and bewildered by personal or pecuniary interest
in any of these schemes, may find ample scope for the
exercise nf•hia talents. in estimating their probable effects

upon the different orders of society, ie advancing the in

PHENOMENA or SOUND.—In the Arctic regions per-
sons can converse at more than a mile distant when the
thermometer is below zero. In air, sound travels from
1130 to 1142 feet per second. In water, sound passes at
the rate of 4708 feet per second. Sound travels in air
about 900 feet for every pulsation of a healthy person at
75 in a minute. A bell sounded under water may be
heard under water at 1200 feet distant. Sounds are dis-
tinctat twice the distance on water that they are on land. In
a balloon, the barking of dogs on the ground may be heard
at an elevation of three or four miles. On Table Moun-
tain, a mile above Cape Town, every noise in it, and even
words, may be heard distinctly. The fire of the English
on landing in Egypt was plainly heard 130 miles on the
sea. Dr. Jameson says, in calm weather he heard every
word of a sermon at a distance of two miles. Water is a
better conductor of sound than air. Wood is also a
powerful conductiir of sound, and so is flannel or riband.
Sound affects particles of dust in a sunbeam, cobwebs, and
water in musical glasses • it shakes small pieces of paper
off a string in concord. Deaf persons may converse through
deal rods held between the teeth, or hell to the throat or
breast. Echoes are formed by elliptical surfaces combined
with surrounding surfaces, or by such of them a, fall into
the respective distances of the surface of an ellipse, and
are therefore directed to the other focus of the ellipse;
for all the distances from both foci to such surface are
equal, and hence there is a concentration of sounds at
those points direct from one focus, and reflected back
again from the other focus. An echo returns a monosyl-
lable at 71) feet distance, and another syllable for every 40
feet additional. The echo of artillery is increased or
created by a cloud or clouds. Miners distinguish the sub-
stance bored by the sound ; and physicians distinguish
the action of the heart or lungs by a listening tube. Gam-
blers can distinguish, in tossing money, which side is un-
dermost, though covered by the hand.—Hoyy's Weekly
Instructor.

PROGRESS or MUSIC IN ENGLAND.—The prevailing
notion that music, as a science and as an art, has now
reached a height fax beyond that of any former age, is a
mischievous error, of which it would be well that the world
were disabused. Because music has always been chang-
ing, it has been taken for granted that it has always been
advancing ; but these changes have often been the reverse
of progressive—the mere dictates of caprice and fashion,
they have often substituted ignorance and frivakty for
depth, learning, and earnestness. In this country, doubt-
less, musical accomplishment as it is called—the smatter-
ing, that is, which all young ladies, and many young gen-
tlemen, acquire from fashionable teachers, is more widely
diffused than it ever was before. But it is equally certain
that there were days, in the olden time, when the educated
classes in England were much better instructed in music
than they are now. In the days of Queen Bess, know-
ledge of the principles of the art, and skill in its praCtice,
were so generally diffused among these classes, that any
lady or gentleman who betrayed. an ignorance of it was re-
garded as low-bred, and unfit to make a decent figure in
good company. * * The books which, " according.to
custom, were brought to the table" when supper was
ended, consisted of the works-of the great English and
Italian madrigalists of that time—those wonderful speci-
mens of vocal harmony which (like the sculptures of an-
cient Greece) modern art has vainly attempted to imitate,
and whose performance demands an extent of instruction
very different from that which is included in the musical
accomplishment of our day. Compare one of those old
English suppers with a modern musical party. One young
lady, who has had what might be a decent patrimony
spent on music masters, sits down to the piano-forte. and
boldly attacks the last fantasia of Thalberg ; another fa.
yours the company with an entirely new ieading of Grist's
favourite bravura in Donizetti's nev opera. Their efforts
are lost sued the clatter of tongues ; for it generally hap-
pens- that music (and with such music; how can it be
otherwise?) is a signal for conversation, except, peradven-
ture, to some unfortunate Wight, who, constraine'
liteneas or some other motive, lis'ens, like Pope,
With sad civility, and an aching hand.
and then loads the fair exhibitor with a prolusion of com-
pliments,. extravagant in proportidn to their insincerity.
It is not among the higher classes only that music is thus
abused and converted into an actual social nuisance. Fa-
shion has a downward tendency : " the toe of the peasant
galls the kibe of the courtier ;" and there is hardly any
class of society, however humble, which doeanorattempt
to emulate the modes and amusements which prevail in
the gilded saloons of the great.—Daily News.
SIR JAsses GRAHAM'S BITTERNESS TOWARDS HIS
OPPoNuNTS.—Sir James Graham has made enemies of
almost ev,
because hi

opposed tnem iron time Lu u nc. ILli ULM,
men who are much more populur have fur many years
done so more effectually. But it has been on account of
the extreme virulence of his opposition. His fighting has
always been a i'outrance. lie has been too prone to dis-
dain the courtesies of political warfare; fictions though
they be. yet agreeable ones and humanising. He has
always appeared to import his
pas-ions into. patty con-
. __ L-` -I _ -

rIFJI/ ...... 5
And yet he has, never succeeded in impressing one with
the idea of his being in earnest. That would have ren-
dered pardonable. language otherwise too severe. His
harangues while in opposition, and indeed all his party

little real sympathy with the themes he is disctbssing or

the views he is urging, but who has worked

DEFECTIVE VENTILATION A CAWS]; OF INTEMPE-
RANCE.-Dr. D. B. Reid, who lied Mined his attention
to this topic, informs us that " defective ventilation re-
ducing the power of oxygena'ing the blood and sustaining
the temperature, produces a morbid condition, which di-
minishes the relish for, and power of digesting plain food:
unnatural stimuli, such as ardent spirits, are required to
excite the languid circulation." In consonance with this
opinion, we find many lamentable facts. A visit to some
of the larger workshops in London and some of the ma-
nufacturing towns, would instantly lessen our wonder at
the dissipated habits of the men, and explain the reason
why certain classes of operatives are more intemperate
than others. The pent up and polluted air, exhausted of
all moisture, or floating with particles of dust, has a de-
pressing effect on the nervous energies of the men, and
proves an almost irresistible provocative to the use of ar-
dent spirits and o' her strong drinks. At the risk of being
somewhat personal, and that we may not be suspected of
dealing in vague generalities, we condescend on two classes'
of tradesmen, who, on inquiry, were found to be more
dissipated than others from this very cause—we mean flax-
dressers and tailors. Of the former we can testify from
our own observation, that, while there are many honour-
able exceptions, as a class t tey are the most addicted to
intemperance of any in those districts where flax-spinning
is prevalent. Yet they have no worse example and no
greater temptations before them than other operatives ;
but then they live in an atmosphere both dry and dusty—
literally loaded with particles of flax. Let this evil be re-
medied or removed, and we are persuaded the craving for
stimulants would be greatly diminished. With respect to
tailors as a class, we submit the following extracts from
the Report on the Sanatory Condition of the Labouring
Population :—Thomas Brownlow worked eight years at
Messrs. Allen's, Old Bond-street, London. There were
from eighty to a hundred men in a room sixteen yards long
and eight yards wide, close together, nearly knee to knee.
The heat was twenty degrees higher than outside. The
heat and smell were intolerable. I have known young
men faint away. It had a very depressing effect on the
energies. Many could not stay out the hours. The na-
tural direct of the depression was that we had recourse to
drink as a stimulant. Gin was the first thing used in the
morning at seven o'clock, an hour after beginning work.
Gin and beer at eleven o'clock ! Beer and gin at three
o'clock ; and' gin and beer at five o'clock !—five times in
one day ! Tri answer to the query—" After work was•
there any drinking r' the same person says, "Yes; nearly
all the young men went to the public-house, and some of
the others.' Here, then, was literally a hot-house for
rearing drunkards Other facts and statistics in aburs-
dance are at hand to prove that the same tradesmen in
rural districts working by themselves, or only two or three'
together, in cooler places, are not specially addicted to
drinking.—Hoggis Weekly instructor. _

SUMMARY OF TIM CIIMLACTER OF LORD BACON.—
Patted on the head by Queen Elizabetb—mocking the
worshippers of Aristotle at Cambridge—catching the first
glimpses of his great discoveries, and yet uncertain whe-
ther the light was from heaven—associating with the
learned and gay at the Court of France—devoting himself
Bracton and the Year Books in. Gray's-inn—throwing
aside the musty folios of the law to write a moral essay,
tb make an experiment in natural philosophy, or to detect
the fallacies which had hitherto obstructed the progress
of useful truth—contented for a time with taking " all
knowledge for his province"—roused from these specula-
tions- by the stings of vulgar ambition—playing all the
arts of flattery to gain official:advancement by Royal and
Courtly favour—enteripg the House of Commons, and
displ.iying powers of oratory of which he had been un-
consciam--being seduced by the love of popular applause,
for a brief space becoming a patriot—making amends by
defending all the worst excesses- of prerogative—publish-
ing to the world lucubrations on morals- which show the
nicest perception of what is honourable and beautiful, as

. .
well as prudent, in the conduct of life—yet, the sf,n of a
Lord Keeper, the nephew of the Pilule Minister, a
Queen's counsel, with the first priactioe at the bar, arrest-
ed for debt, and lan:uishing in a sponging-house—tired

with vain solicitations to his own kindred for promotion,
joining the nifty of their opponent; andrafter esperien-
cing, the most generous kindness from- the young and
chivalrous head of it, assisting to bring-I'm to the scaf-
fold, and to blacken his memory—seeking,- by a merce-
nary marriages, -to repair his hr^ken fortunes—on the ac-
cession of a new Sovereign offering up the most servile
adulation to a-pedant whom he atterly despised—infinitely
gratified by being permitted to kneel, with.23o others, to
receive the honour of knighthood—truckling to a worth-
less favourite with the most slavish subserviency, that he

might be appo;nted a law officer of the- Crown—then
giving the mostadmirable advice for the compila:ion and
e-nenciation of thirlaws of England, and helping to inflict
torture on a poor parson, whom he wished to hang as a

traitor for writing an u,published and unpreaaedsermon
—attracting the notice of all Europe by his -philosophical
works, which estLblished a new.era in the mode of inves.
'izating the phenomena both of matter and mind—basely
intriguing in the meanwhile for further promotion, and

rivals—riding promilY between the L ,rd High' Tireasttrer
and Lord Privy Seal, preceded by his mace-hearer arid
pnrse-bearer, and fraldwed by long line of nobles and
juhes, to be instairrd in the office of Lord High Chan-
g cellor—by-and-by,.settling with his servants the account

Feb. 10, 1E310!

1 Zirtl)s, iflarriages anZi ißratbs'

BIRTHS. 11/1.
On the .011 ultimo, at No. 3, St. Mary's-place,,Edgcli
David Thom, of a daughter.
On the 28th Ultimo, at Market-street, Ulverstone, the le °I
Mr. William
ins ant, en, of a son.
On the Ist insta at C urzon-street, London, the tinn• g
George Hope, of a son.
Same day, at the noble marquis's residence, in
cent, London, the Marciii,ness of Bradford, of a son., gee.
On the 2nd instant, at D o
urwash, Sussex, the wife t T•""
John Turner, of a son.
G.
g'l33l'
On the 3rd instant, at 11, 3haw-street, the wire of
leras, Esq., of a clau hter. • of the gee
On the 4th instant, at Oxfortstreet, the Wife
C. Griffith, of a son.
Same day. in Duke-street. Mrs. N. Shannon, of a son.. stile
On the sth instant, at Belle Vue House, Wavertreei
of J. J. Hand, Esq. of a son; since dead.
Same day, in Park street, brosvenor square, Landon,
Graham, of a daughter.
On the Bth lust, at Claughton Firs, Mrs: Cola of a sop.

MARRIED.
it, oh
1 ately, at Leeds, Mr. Thomas Redfern, of Vie Butchers
to Miss Charlotte Make, both of Douglas. Isle of Man•
On the 31st ultimo, at St. George's Church. II nover-s(l`:a,
London, Robert, youngest son of the late Mr. Heinrich , :la.
mann. of Chelsea, to Mary Jane, eldest daughtet' of the
John E. Brand, Esq., of Westbourne, Harrow-road: T iron
Same day, at St. Pa, eras New Church, London, James
. -
Syer. Esq , of New Bridge-street. Blackfriars, fo Etheln
Sophia, daughter of the late William Fiery Chambers..sl'reet,
Same day, at St. Catharine Cree Church, Leaderrholl',,si the
London, by the Rev. I. J. Gelling, Captain E.
E. I. ship Similah, to Hannah Gtoagiana, daughter of g"'

_ .
Messam.
Same day, at
.51 faine6
Great George street Chapel, Mr. Arths— L„,b.
Stephens. Penryn, Cornwall, to Sarah Georgiana, third d."
ter of Mr. Charles Morris. A fillcca,
Same day, at the Parish Church. Lytham. Richard ~,er 0,
Livesey, Esq.. Crabtree House, Brindle, to Mary, dung"

John Lodge, Esq.. Ewe. near Lancaster. Galt tC
On the tat insta ,t, at St. Philip's Church, Mr. Edw." jopeS,
Miss Sarah. second danghter of the late Mr. Edwin

watchmaker. Holywell, Fimtshire. "„utit-
9aine day, at the Wesleyan Aztociatlon Chapel, gr.
pie,,sant, Burnley. by the Rev. Mr. Gilchrist, of Baca!:,TeS,
&men Carter, cotton•dealer, &c., to Miss Margaret Hart:
datrgh' er of the late Mr. Hargreaves, calico-printer. Clithcv.
l
Same day, at St. John the Baptist'i Clutch, by the
„,
Hassid!, Esq., to Sarah, daughter of Thomas Carla,

Toxteft Park. ~ .
.t. liag.
On the 2nd instant, at Croston Church; by the Rev. -n' fbir,
ter, Mr. John Evans. of Liverpool, to Margaret, daughter"
Richard Norris. Ulnes Walton. C, I/'
Same (1%17, at St. PAer's Church. Chester. by the Rer•_tu of
Taylor,. Yh. James Bell, brewer, to MI S Mill Paeasey, IN

Chester. r Miss
Same day, by the Rev. Mr. Stewart. Mr. Erownbill
Sarah Anne: a dest daughter of the late Mr:• 'Photons "`
both of this town.
Rest gr"
On the ad instant, at the Crescent Chapel,•hy the
Thomas, Mr. Edward Price Jones, late of Winston,. t°
youngest daughter of Mr. Richard Williams, of 'Great Me
elreet,Kirkdale
refer.
Same day. at Yarridou,by the Rev. Mr. Piccup, Mtn. •C ' sal
E q.,suigeon, Weaverham, to Ellen, daughter or the I .te
Mille,. Esc'', of Farndon.
ri fold
Same' day, at' It ensbaw-street Chapel, Mr. James 0%,
Rawlins,. Syddall Cottage, near Wrexham, to Harriet
youngest daughter of G. L. Cox, Esq.. of Spring.batibr
breck

by the
Same day, at Trinity Church. Marylehone. LondtM..,'jobe
Rev. Richard Vevers„ M.A , Rector of Cubley, the' Rej.." Jobe
Geo.ge.Biresford, yonneest son of the late Admiral' S" ells!
Poo Beresford. rart.. to the Honourable Caroline, Ain.
youngest daughter of the Right Honourable Lcrd Denteennoll
Same day, at Si. George's Church, Hauover-square." I•e"rest
by the Rev. W.. H. Dickenson, B.C.L. 'Marianna, 74311c0p
daughter of the, late Captain bridge, of Calcutta and Chet te pai.r
E. 1., a. d of Elie. Pitesttire. to M. Dillo,t, •-""
Bloomsbury, and Tinloneh, county o, Roscommon. i,ott'
Same day, at,the Cliurcholl St. Mary, Bryansion.square'l,,,d
don, Viscount Curz•mi, son of Earl Howe. to Miss Harrict4,o4
Sturt, second daughter of Mr. H. C. and Lady Charlotte
and niece of the earl of Carditran. ants

On the 4th instant; in Motes Church. by the 110'4lb°
Atkinscn. rector of. Claddsgh, county of Carlow, brother ...A of
bridegroom, Charles- Atkinson,. Esq., of Green Hall, cog" le,
Armagh, to Rebecca Sarah, only child of the late Henry., the
E'q , of MontpelllerParalle, county of Dublin, and niece t"
Right Rev. the Lord'Bishop of Cork. SC.
Same day. at St. George's Church. Everton, by the 11.'%;etl!
W. Ewbank, Mr. Thomas- Myles, It iilor, to Miss Filth of
Jones, youngest daughter of the late Mr. Daniel Jones,
this town.

Same day, at the Unitarian Chapel, Gee Crt
by the Rev. J. Brookes, T.-8.. Potter, Esq.. am
Thomas Potter, to Mary, daughter of S. "A,htc
Bank.

Man,•be sit
o of the 1 t
rvli
m, ESQ., 0`

DIED.
Lately, at Stanley.placei Chester. Miss Elizabeth Veneabgle:sf.
Lately, at his seat in Ireland, in, the 7ist year of hii aget
Admiral ,amuel C. Rowt y

At Skipton. aged 8 t year,
nghter of the late Thom