The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-04-07 00:00:00

almost the whole of the am

Ontram and his brave

best possible order to t

and ultimately formed a jui,
Charles Napier, K.C.R., at Hala.
The loss sustained in this heroic --
much honour on the defendants, is stated i
any n the margin,
whilst that of the enemy was N killed, and m wounded.
It should be mentioned that Major Outrara's band would
would in all likelihood have maintained their position in the
Residency, had it not been for an unlucky mistake, by which

ce, reflecting so

k very fair enquiry for Cotton to-day, and rather a firmer
Ind better feeling in the market ; about 4000 bales sold at full
irices. The sales of the week amount to 24,910 bales, of
vhich 5300 are on speculation and 1920 for export, leaving
ver on I only 17,000 for the trade.

b had been

ent up the
returned without

the Satellite steamer,
the 12th for supplies and reinforcements, -
the objects of the mission.
On the following day Major General Sir Charles Napier,
as-
K.C.8., marched to Muthare his arrival there,

Bays.---It is a circumstance not generally
known, though of great public importance, that the National
Debt Commissioners are empowered by sec. 50, of the 9th
Geo. IV, cap. 92 (July 28,1828), to purchase exchequer-bills,
as well as stock, with the moneys paid over to them by the
officers of the savings' banks, which bills, instead of being
exchanged for new bills, or paid off in money at the periods
advertised, are cancelled, and corresponding amounts of
stock are created in lieu of them at the average price of the
preceding quarter, and placed to the credit of the National
Debt Commissioners at the Bank of England, to form part
of the funds standing in their names on account of the
savings' banks, in conformity to sec. 51 of the said act. In
this way the National Debt Commissioners have the power
of increasing the permanent public debt—a power which they
have exercised during the last seven years to the following
extent :

SAVIN

and on

.tion at Meeanee

in Pus

certained t

[leers
to the number of twenty-iwo thousand
riphiy for reinforcements would
the enemy, and to add to

distant about ten miles

Value of Exchequer Permanent
Bills cancelled, Three per Cent. annual charge,
including Stock created. including
interest. management.
1836..£ 1,079,430 11 3 1,177,878 17 1 £35,689 14 6
1837.. 1,533,878 16 3 1,702,989 15 2 51,600 11 3
1831.. 601,790 8 4 648,264 211 19,642 8 3
1839.. 500,782 10 0 541,386 9 8 16,404 0 1
1840.. 500,164 1 3 546,627 7 9 16,562 16 2
1841.. 700,712 10 0 778,569 811 23,590 13 1
1842.. 1,063,713 5 2 1,191,177 1 1 36,092 13 2

Totals £5,980,472 2 3 £ 6,586,893 10 2 £ 199,582 16 6
The rate paid to the Bank of England for management is
£3OO per million.

RIGHT OF RATE-PAYERS TO INSPECT RATE-BOOKS.—
On Wednesday,ta the Worship-street Police Office, London,
the vestry clerk of the parish of St. Leonard was summoned
for refusing to certain rate-payers the right to inspect the
parish books. Mr. Bodkin said the defendant was anxious
to produce the books but he could not act contrary to the
orders of the masters who had the control over the books
along with the collectors, and they were the proper parties
to be proceeded against. Mr. Broughton, the sitting ma-
gistrate said, it was the clear and manifest law of the land
that every ratepayer in every parish in the kingdom had an
indefeasible right to examine, at all seasonable hours, the ac-
counts of his parish—a right he had never even heard disput-
ed, and he could not conceive why it was refused in this ins-
tance. It had been granted to two of the witnesses, and
should not have been denied to the complainants merely be-
cause 'they had been constituted a committee by their fel-
low-ratepayers. He was sorry to witness the ill-feeling which
subsisted on both sides, and had hoped the adjournment of
the case would have produced a conciliating effect; but as
such had not been the ease, he was bound to give his deci-
sion, which he had taken considerable pains to arrive at. The
language of the act of Parliament was exceedingly ambiguous,
and it was to be regretted the complainants did not apply to
the Court of Queen's Bench for a mandamus, when the deci-
son of that Court would have been given on its construction.
The 69th section said, the clerks to trustees should be sued
instead of the whole body, but that be conceived to apply to
courts of record, and not to criminal proceedings. The chief
stumbling-block was its use of the word " custody," without
defining real or legal custody, which made the case difficult
to decide. In this instance it was proved that the legal and
constructive custody was in the trustees, while the real cus-
tody was in the collectors; and there was so much nicety in
the construction of the clause, that he thought he should
best administer justice by dismissing the summons ; by
which, however, the complainants would suffer no wrong,
as the ledger from which the rate-books were copied was in
the office of the clerk to the trustees, and always open for
inspection.

TETE COMET.—S!r J. Herschel' has published a long let-
ter in the Times, in which be proves that the light which
many have regarded as nothing more than a zodiacal light
is in truth the tail of a comet. The professor says that the
phenomena are so utterly unlike that he does not understand
how any person can confound them, and gives the following
amongst others, as his reasons :—The zodiacal light, as its

name imports, invariably appears in the zodiac, or, Co speak
more precisely, in the plane of the sun's equator, which is 7

o inclined to the zodiac, and which plane, seen from the
sun, intersects the ecliptic in longitude 2sec.
.18deg. and
18 deg., or so much in advance of the equinoctial
On Friday, the 17th, and on every evening since
when I have observed the comet, the zodiacal
_ ~as also been displayed in the most striking and per-
fectly characteristic manner, and indeed with a brilliancy
which I should certainly be disposed to regard as a proof of
the opinion generally entertained of its varying from season to
season in intensity, were it not for the habitual and exceeding
purity of the atmosphere in this favoured corner of our island,
which is altogether free from ‘tnoke, and most commonly so
I,„Lu, and (in the absence of actual cloud,) quite upon a
par (so far as a three years reidence will enable me to judge)
with that of any region I have visited. I have myself
• one occasion, distinctly seen the head with its so-called
In this also I could not be deceived. The teles-
j which I viewed it (having no night-glass or
„seeker at hand) was only a 20-inch achromatic of I
.tore, with a single lens for an eyepiece, and magnifying
wer of about 12 or 13, held in the hand. With this 1
lid it, after no very long search, near a star which (misled
by the magnitude ascribed to " Eridani" in
,apj 1 supposed to be that star, but which, on con-
better authority, I now consider to have been
,La;" and after several times,laying aside the telescope
A contemplating the tail, as often returned to it, having
.ot the least difficulty in finding it again. But now comes
the most remarkable circumstance attending the appearance,

points.
that time

nucleus

at the time
Bocl

it rather disappearance, of this cornet. The next night
Saturday) I prepared a 7 feet Newtonian reflector of six

i the roof of my house, expecting to obtain
nucleus. To my amazement, though the
and the horizon good, I could not find it,
the very central line of the train, near no
entitiable place, a dim, pretty large, oval
condensed towards the centre,.. bu

t with

This nebula I also s

swept over ; so that 1 have no suspicion remain-

Now tiler(

ing on my mind of the possibility of any illusion
are nebulae in that region of the sky ; but on refering to a
cue of them I do not find one which I consider it would

have been poss
and under such circumstances of remaining twilight and
vicinity to the horizon. Moreover, the next night (Sunday,)
taking up the observation earlier and pursuing it later, with
the same reflector and on an equally good sky, this nebula
was also missing. These facts I consider as well worthy to
be placed on record, and to indicate a rapidity of diminution
in point of lustre only to be explained on the supposition
that the comet is receding from us with great velocity. The
train, too, is diminishing rapidly in brightness. though it re-

have see

Istrumen

--- •
tains its position with remark&
did so on Wednesday night.

Le pertinacity; at least, it

carried awa

put a stop to th

Y
--
A. - .
sad accident occurred at Cowes on Monday. A yacht they took their departure, carrying with them £6O in Wor:
having been launched from the yard of Mr. Restall Ratsy, cester Old Bank notes, £6O in gold, and a very large quan-
ship builder, a salute was in the act of being fired, when a tity of plate. The thieves effected an entrance by raising a
poor fellow of the name of Richards, an apprentice to Mr. ladder to the staircase window, and breaking a pane of glass,
Ratsy, getting before one of the guns just as the match was and so raising the window. They departed about three
applied, he was blown into the water. When taken out, it o'clock, but the poor creatures were left bound, and so con-
.-.,,c, found that he was quite dead, with the greater part of tinued until six o'clock, when the housekeeper succeeded in

y a person

'ae caused a great reaching the window, and making nerseir hen
festivities going on.
The passing along a footpath at the back of the house, who irn-
outh was on the eve of completing his inden- mediately came in and liberated them. Major Williams is
and was much beloved by his master. He was an very old and infirm. No clue to the offenders has, as yet,
been obtained.

SINGULAR CASE ON SUICIDE.—On Wednesday, Mr.
Baker held an innuest at the City-road, on the body of Wm.
Joseph Chandler, 26 years of age, who cut his throat under
the following singular circumstances :—lt appeared by the
evidence, that the deceased, about three weeks since, had
been troubled with a violent toothache, and the tooth was
extracted. That trifling circumstance appeared to prey upon
his mind ; and on Monday morning he complained of a
degree of fever, and whilst his wife went to a neighbouring
doctor's, he procured a razor, and nearly severed his head
from his body. The jury returned a verdict of—Temporary
insanity.

CHEAP BREAD AND CHEAP COALS I---NEWS FOR CORN-
LAW GRUMBLERS.—(From a correspondent.)—ln many of
the bakers' shops in the principal thoroughfares of the me-
tropolis excellent bread is now marked up at fivepence the
four-pound loaf, " weighed on delivery." In several places
among the crowded suburbs, such as Shoreditch, Somers
Town, and Paddington, very good bread may be obtained for
fourpence halfpenny tire four-pound loaf! Unless the Anti-
Corn-Law Leaguers require bread for nothing (and take un-
limited credit beside), it is impossible to say how this staple
of life can well be cheaper. It may be added, that in New-
gate-market, on Friday morning, prime beef was obtainable
in the smallest quantity at fourpence per pound, and mutton
at threepence-halfpenny. Vegetables are proportionably low.
Having bread and meat so very cheap, it can be no harm to
suggest to the disinterested gentlemen who act during Lent
at Drury-lane Theatre every Wednesday evening, to turn
their attention to the getting, up of an " Anti-Coal Tax
Company." The public evidently have cheap bread—why
not cheap coals I—Herald.
COMMON SENSE.—We find the following communication
in an opposition Journal :—" May I avail myself of your
columns to inquire why it is that the Anti-Corn Law League
and other advocates of free trade do not press for the estab-
lishment of treaties as the primary step, most likely at least
to lead to the accomplishment (virtually) of the objects
which the free traders profess? How stands the case?
Foreign countries it is said—the Americans for instance—
would be willing to admit our manufactures duty free if we
would open the trade for their grain, and by both parties
agreeing to this a great aggregate gain would seemingly
accrue to the United States and to Great Britain. Would
that gain on either side, be nearly counterbalanced by ac-
companying evils of any kind ? If not, then is it not ob-
vious that a treaty is the first thing which each country
should be forward to propose and agree upon, and that no
common or slight inequalities or difficulties anticipated to
result to internal elass interests in either country should be
permitted to stand in the way as hindrances of the aggregate
gain derivable by both nations ? It is easy to say that, with-
out a treaty, the Americans would take our goods if their
corn were admitted here. The American government and
ndividual traders would do just what should appear to be
most for their respective interests. The probability is, the
tariff on British goods would be continued and the American
manufactures be additionally stimulated by our opening the
trade for American grain. A treaty it seems to me should
be the ordinary occurrence between all countries having with
one another any importand commercial intercourse."
A SKIT ON THE ENGLISH.—We see by the Journal de
Havre that amongst the exhibitions of the Mi-Cartne at
that place on Thursday week, was one which caused great
merriment to the public at large, but which could not have
been very agreeable to some of the inhabitants who had em-
barked their money in the speculation which was turned
into ridicule. In the proceession of the maskers were three
carriages, one of which was a construction made to resemble
the hull of the Telemaque, with a quantity of machinery in
imitation of that used by Mr. Taylor, the engineer, to raise
her from her bed of sand. At a signal given by a man
wearing a wig of red hair (the cherished colour of the sons
of Albion, says the Journal du Havre), the men in this car-
riage began to work the machinery in imitation of the appa-
ratues of the Telemaque. After this a person representing
the engineer, and armed with a harpoon, plunged it into the
side of the vessel, and drew out at various times an old iron
boiler, a quantity; of carrots, and a glass jar of cucumber
(an bocal de cornichons). All the actors in this scene rep-
resented persons in the speculation, and had very yellow
faces, with noses of all immoderate length. The carriage
which followed was perfectly empty, representing the caisse
des actionnaires. A cabriolet accompanying this carriage
contained a charlatan, who for 20 centimes disposed of copies
of the programme in favour of the Havre fund for the suf-
ferers at Guadeloupe. Such of our readers as know the full
force of the French phrase firer la carotte, and the applica-
tion of the word ornichon, will appreciate the wit, such as
it was, of the getters up of the Havce masque.—Galzpnani's
Messenger.
THE PENNY POSTAGE.—The Morning Herald publishes
a correspondence between Mr. Rowland Hill and Sir Robert
Peel relative to the removal of the former gentleman from
the temporary situation at the Treasury, in connection with
the Post-office, recently filled by him. The late Chancellor
of the Exchequer, it appears from some parliamentary papers,
engaged Mr. Hill in September, 1839, far two years, at a
salary of £l5OO a-year, to give the Treasury the benefit of
his services in carrying into effect his own plan of a penny
postage; before this term expired the whig government was
driven from power, but previously to its expulsion Mr. F.
Baring informed Mr. Hill that he thought it would be ad-
vantageous " to continue his services beyond the two years
originally settled; that he, Mr. Baring, did not deem it ex-
pedient to make any engagement beyond one year, but that
Mr. Hill might consider that for one year from the expirtion
of the two former years his services were engaged on the
same conditions as before." This extension was confirmed
by the present government, and the three years expired in
September last. Two months previously to such expiration
Mr. Goulburn intimated to Mr. Hill that he did not think it
advisable to make any further extension of the engagement;
whereupon Mr. Hill complained that he was removed be-
fo-e his plan was carried ont, and sought to be reinstated
for such term—without salary if it were an obstacle—as is
necessary to perfect it and all other postal improvements
he had in view ; to which the Chancellor of the Exchequer
replied that the principle of the penny postage was now
thoroughly understood, that so long as a post-office should
continue opportunities for improvement wouid present them-
selves, and that the retention of an independent officer for
the purpose of conducting such improvements would either
lead to an entire supercession of those who are responsible
for the department, or a conflict of authorities prejudicial
to the public interests. Mr. Hill appealed from this decision
to Sir Robert Peel, and the premier supports Mr. Goulburn.

EXTRAORDINARY PERSEVERANCE. The Rev. W. Cary,
curate of Estleigh, in Devonshire, completed, in the year
1809, a work, entitled A System of Divinity, which extends
to 2G volumes. He first attempted to publish it by subscrip-
tion, but not succeeding, he formed the singular resolution
of printing it by his own hand labour. To effect this, he pur-
chased as many worn-out and cast-off types of a country
printer as were sufficient to set up two pages, and made a
press for himself. With these materials he went to work in
1795, performing every operation himself, and working off
page by page. He struck off 40 copies of the first 300 pages,
26 of which he distributed among the Universities. the
bishops, the Royal Society, and the reviewers. Disappointed
at not receiving the encouragement he expected from this
proceeding, he resolved to spare himself of any farther ex-
pense of paper upon those before whom he had thrown pearls
in vain ' • and as he had only reserved 14 copies of the 40 with
which he had commenced, 14 only he continued to print, and
at the end of 12 years of unremitting toil, he finished the
whole 26 volumes—a rare morceau for the bibliomaniacs of
the next century! A parallel to the above is to be found in
Fransham, the Norwich Pagan, who died in 1811. He one
day made this remark—" Every man has sonic great object
which he wishes to accomplish, and why should I not have
mine ? I will choose such an one as no mortal being ever
yet chose ; I will get a cup and ball, and I will catch the ball
on the spiked end 606,666 times." And this he actually ac-
complished.—West of England Conservative.

INGENUITY OF BlRDS.—Thrushes feed very much on
snails, looking for them in mossy banks. Having frequently
observed some broken snail-shells near two projecting peb-
bles on a gravel walk, which had a hollow between them, I
endeavoured to discover the occasion of their being brought
to that situation. At last I saw a thrush fly to the spot with
a snail-shell in his mouth, which he placed between the two
stones, and hammered at it with his beak till he had broken
it, and was then able to feed on its contents. The bird must
have discovered that he could not apply his beak witli'sufEci-
ent force to break the shell while it was rolling about, and
he therefore found out and made use of a spot which would
keep the shell in one position. When the lapwing wants to
procure food, it seeks for a worm's cast, and stamps the
ground by the side of it with its feet; somewhat in the same
manner as I have often done when a boy, in order to procure
worms for fishing. After doing this for a short time, the
bird waits for the issue of the worm from its hole, who,
alarmed at the shaking of the ground, endeavours to make
its escape, when he is immediately seized, and becomes the
prey of the ingeniotis bird. The lapwing also frequents the
haunts of moles. These animals, when in pursuit of worms,
on which they feed, frighten them ' and the worm, in at-
tempting to escape, comes to the surface of the ground, where
it is seized by the lipwing. The same mode of alarming his
prephas been related of the gull.—Jesse's Gleanings in Na-
tural History.

FARMING IN AFFGRANISTAN.—On the prices of farm-
ing and labour in Kohistan I gathered the following particu-
lars :—A landlord who farms his estate is understood to pay
one-third of the total produce for sowing, rearing, and reap-
ing. The state takes a third, and the remaining third falls
to the proprietor. In this case, however, he furnishes the
seed, and water for irrigation. If the proprietor also furnish
cattle, and all the materials, &c. which are required, the la-
bourers then receive only one-sixth for their trouble. It is
not usual to hire daily labourers, but when a plough, two
men, and a pair of oxen are so employed,, the wages are half
a-khan rupee,
.or three-eights of a company's rupee, per
diem.. Affghanistan is a cheaper country than Persia,. for
grain is more abundant. Wheat yields from ten to sixteen
fold, seldom more than fifteen • rice gives sixteen. or
eighteen ; jurawee as much as fifty fold. The best soil in the
district of Cabool is at Deli Affghanee, a village in the
suburbs, where a jureeb of land, or half an English acre, pro-
duces a rent of ten toniaans, or 200 rupees, and yield, be-
sides the profits of the proprietor, a revenue as high as forty
rupees to government; but this is ground on which vege-
tables are reared, the sale of which is highly advantageous,
for the Affghans preserve cabbages, carrots, and turnips, as
we do potatoes, placing them on the ground, with a little
earth over them, and leaves, so that they are thus kept fresh
till April...-Burnei Cdool.

COTTON MARKET, Mau. 6.
The position of our Cotton market at the t resent time is rather
curious; for a fortnight previous or up to Friday last, nearly ii,uoo
bales h,cl been sold, at prices scarcely varying id rlb from current
rates. Since then the demand has com letely subsided, not ave-
raging more than 3,4, or 5000 a day. Notwithstanding this de.
crease, and the gloomy dull feeling which generally pervades the
market. prices remain unchanged; if any, the feeling is in favour
of the buyer, but it does not reach id v lb. Yesterday 4000 bales
were sold ; to-day sOOO, 1500 of them for export.
_