The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-10-24 00:00:00

HOW TO BUY OR LEASE LAND IN AUS-
TRALIA.
• (From Sidney's Emigrant Journal.)
The following statement will supply a general answer
to the numberless inquiries which are daily addressed to
us on the subject of land in Australia. According to our
experience, nine-tenths of those who emigrate, of what-
ever rank, take that step with the view of becoming land-
holders.
In New South Wales and Port Phillip the lands are
divided into town lots, suburban lots, and country lots.
Town and suburban lots must always be sold by auction.
Country lands, after having been exposed for sale by auc-
tion at least once, at an upset price of £1 an acre, may be
sold at any time by private contract, at not less than £1
an acre. Lands sold by government private contract
must be paid for in cash. Lands are put up for sale in
lots not exceeding one square mile (640 acres) in extent;
and, as a generafrule, it is not easy to purchase a less
quantity than a square mile of country land. Suburban
lots are smaller and dearer. It is a principle of our
Colonial-office and Colonial government to throw every
possible obstruction in the way of the purchase of land
by labourers and persons of small capital, and for this
reason the lots are made up as large as possible. It is
better for persons of small means not to think of purcha-
sing land from government. By looking about the inte-
rior of the settled districts of New South Wales, they will
find old grantees of the Crown, or ruined speculators, or
drunkards willing to sell small lots, and even farms, on
very reasonable terms, as low as 2s. 6d. an acre ; and for
£l, fine improved land. Great privileges are reserved
for great capitalists. The man with £20,000 may select
20,000 acres by special survey in any part of New South
Wales, whether surveyed or not; while men of less for-
tune can only buy what happens to be surveyed. It is by
these special-surveys that the great capitalists have se-
cured magnificent estates of fine, fertile, well-watered
land, while frugal shepherds have found it difficult, often
impossible, to purchase from government a little 80-acre '
farm in a suitable situation—hence debauchery and ruin.
In these two colonies a pre-emption right to choose land
may be purchased in England, which entitles the purchaser
to name five labourers for every £lOO for a free passage,
but as this only entitles the party paying the money to a
credit, and not to a piece of land, if he pay £lOO only he
may be years before he meets a £lOO lot to be sold, so
that as this privilege does not entitle the purchaser to a
free passage, and is of little use except to one who can lay
out £640, it is, as regards the working classes, a dead letter.
In South Australia, waste lands are sold by auction
only, but under the same rules as to a minimum price of
£1 an acre, as in New South Wales. In consequence of
the discovery of so many rich mines the special surveys
have been suspended, and land is sold in lots of moderate
size. This change in favour of small capitalists has been
brought about, not by any desire on the part of the au-
thorities to modify the colonial land monopoly, but in
order to prevent the purchasers of lots of land of 640 acres
from also becoming the purchasers of mines of incalculable
value. The Burra Burra mine and 10.000 acres of surface
land cost £lO,OOO, and one shareholder out of many de-
rives an income of £16,000 a year from an original in-
vestment of £2OOO. But such cases cannot occur again.
In a word, whether in New South Wales proper, Aus-
tralia Felix, or South Australia, we recommend the man
with less than £lOOO to be very careful how he buys land
from government. There are few lots of waste land in
Australia, offered for sale by government, worth £640 for
640 acres for agricultural purposes, Perhaps not more
than 100 acres fit for the plough out of the lot.
The Law of Squatters' Runs.—But if the laws for the
sale of waste lands are framed foolishly and unjustly, the
laws for regulating the occupation of waste pastures are
upon a most satisfactory footing as regards those who own
flocks and herds. Unless some occupation retains a co-
lonist near a town, it is much better to lease than buy
land from the Crown. Indeed, the sale of land, except
near large towns, and in mineral districts, has virtually
ceased ever since the price was raised to £1 an acre.

LIVING WITHOUT MONEY.—There is a man in New-
ark, New Jersey, (says the New York Sun) named
Palmer, who has lately published an essay against the use
of money. He says it is "an engine only of evil," for
two years he has declined to receive or use it : and he is
now convinced that it is the duty of all to adopt a course
which will supersede the use of it. What that course is,
Mr. Palmer does not reveal.
REAL FAME.—Scott had tasted at our house the Yar-
mouth bloaters (then an article of less savoury notoriety
than at present), allowed their superiority to the " Finnan
haddies," and inquired where they were to be got. My
mother having undertaken the commission, applied to
our fishmonger, Mr. B. of Billingsgate, a most worthy
and matter-of-fact Triton, whom no one would have sus-
pected of an addiction to poetry or romance. Hearing
that the half-hundred small fishes were to be sent as far
as Sussex-place, he rather shook his head at the inconve-
nient distance. " Rather out of our beat, ma'am ; there
are plenty of places where they can be got good." " I
am sorry for that; for I am afraid Sir Walter Scott will
be disappointed, having learned that yours are the best."
" Sir Walter Scott, ma'am ! God bless my soul ;is Sir
Walter in town ? Tom, ge and pick the very best half-
hundred you can find in that fresh lot from Yarmouth.
Well, ma'am and how is he looking ? Why, if you had
told me they were for him 1 would have sent to Jerua-
lem or Johnny Groat's liouse. Now mind, Tom, that
the boy starts directly—remember, 24, Sussex-place, and
no mistake about it." This circumstance being recoun-
ted to Scott, he cordially exclaimed. " Well, now, this is
something like real tangible fame. I like this more than
all the minauderies of the old French Countesses who
used to bother me at Paris with their extravagant compli-
ments, and were only thinking, I'll be sworn, of their
own vanity all the while."—New Monthly Magazine.

_
HER MA.TESTY"AND 'HER DYING FATHER.—Nor was
" the closing scene" of the well-remembered Duke of
Kent less remarkable for simple faith in God and devout
acquiescence in His will. An unimpeachable witness,
Dr. Maton. *wain and again alluded to it as singularly
evidencing the courage of the man and the submission of
the Christian. The duke was seized at Sidmouth with
inflammation of the lungs, which defied medical treat-
ment, and in a few days proved fatal. To the announce-
ment of the pro-Jable result he listened with unshrinking
firmness. After a pause, said he, slowly and calmly,
" This is sudden ; but, I am persuaded, is for the best. I
confidently leave the Princess to One above who cannot
err. I feel that He will watch over her and protect her.
Earthly parents err fondly and fatally : He cannot." He
turned his thoughts entirely to sacred subjects ; and ap-
peared, from the motion of his lips, and his upraised eyes.
to be absorbed in prayer. Addressing one of his attend-
ants, he used the remarkable words—" Observe, I submit
myself wholly to God's will : my death, perhaps, will do
more for my daughter and the duchess than my life." He
then relapsed into his former devotional mood, and
seemed again absorbed in prayer. After the expiration o
an hour, observing the duke change his position, one of
his household ventured to ask him if he had any com-
mands to give, or if there was anything which his Royal
Highness required ? He replied with difficulty—" No-
thing now but a simple trust in the merits of the Re-
deemer. That I possess." These were almost the last
words he uttered.—Closing Scenes.
CURIOUS MODE OF SHOOTING SANDPIPERS IN AMERICA.
—ln Rhode Island, where alone the sport is now pursued
systematically, the mode adopted is this—the shooter, ac-
companied by a skilful driver, on whom, by the way, the
whole onus of the business rests, and to whom all the
merit of success is attributable, is mounted in what is
called in New England a chaise—that is to say, an old-
fashioned gig with a top. In this convenience he kneels
down, with his left leg out of the carriage, and his foot
firmly placed on the step, holding his gun ready to shoot
at an instant's notice. The driver, perceiving the birds,
as they are running and feeding on the open surface, se-
lects one, according to his judgment, and drives round it
rapidly in concentric circles, until he gets within gunshot
of him, and perceives by its motions that it will not per-
mit a nearer approach. He then makes a short half turn
from it, pulling the horse short up at the same instant ;
and that very instant, for the sandpiper rises invariably at
the moment in which the chaise stops, the shooter steps
out lightly to the ground, and kills his bird, before it has
got well upon the wing. ha the timing of all this various
work on the part of the driver and the gunner, there is a
good deal of skill requisite, and of course a good deal of
excitement. But the real sport and the real skill are both
on the part of the driver, whose duty it is to deliver his
marksman as nearly as possible to the game, yet never to
run the thing so close as to allow the sandpiper to take
wing before he has pulled up. The difference in the
judgment and skill of the drivers is immense, and there is
one gentleman in New York, a well-known and old friend
of the public, who is said to be so infinitely better to all
others, that the gun in his chaise, even if it be handled by
the inferior shot, is sure to come off the winner. It is
not unusual, I am told, to bag from twenty to twenty-five
couple of these delicious birds in a day's sport, in this
manner ; and I have heard of infinitely greater quantities
being brought to bag.—Herbert's Field Sports of the
United States.

JOSEPH VON JELLACHICH, BAN OF CROATIA.—A short I
sketch of the ban, who has acquired so sudden a celebrity,
will be read with interest. I have had occasion (says the
writer from whom we borrow this description) often to
converse with Jellachich. He is a man of the middle
height, of a powerful and firmly-knit frame, 49 years of
age ; in his youth of a delicate constitution, but now en-
joying excellent health. His head is bald at the top, but
encircled with a fringe of jet black hair. He has a high
forehead, bushy eyebrows, a mild clear dark eye, an aqui-
line nose, a finely-chiselled mouth, with an expression of
great decision of character. He leaves the impression
upon the observer of a man of mild but determined cha-
racter, fully confident of his own powers. He has not one
particle of pride about him ; and one would scarcely look
upon him as the leader of a wild race, or a man of high
ambition. His voice is soft; his education is entirely
German ; he speaks German as if it was his native tongue,
and with the Austrian accent; he is a great admirer of
the German language and literature, but his Sdavonic na-
tionality scorns the German arrogance which disdains any
thing Sclave ; he speaks the Hungarian, Croatian, and
Italian languages equally well; he is unmarried, does not
possess, and does not care for, riches, but is devoted to his
nation. It was only last year that he was colonel of a
Griinzer, or frontier regiment, which was annihilated in
an expedition on the Turkish frontier—he himself escap-
ing almost miraculously in a shower of balls. The secret
of his influence over the Croats is that he is a Croat, and
proud to be one, and all his energies are turned towards
one object—to procure for his nation that position in Hun-
gary which they claim. He speaks the dialect of the peo-
ple ; " It is the language of my beloved mother (he said
to me one day), and I am proud that I can speak it."
Their ban and their general, he converses with his Croats,
and tells them things they had never dreamt of—visions
of honour and glory. It is no wonder that when he ap-
pears every eye is turned upon him—that they listen,
open-mouthed, to what he says, and that they are ready
to follow him to Buda, Pesth, Vienna, or Milan ! When
they see him, they shout their enthusiastic " Zivio "
(let him live !), and will follow him anywhere.-111orning
Chronicle.