The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1844-08-13 00:00:00

THIRD EDITION.

Standard-office, Three o'clock.

LIVERPOOL CORN EXCHANGE, This DAY.

(From Messrs. R. Makin Sr Sons' Circular.)

Of Irish Wheat, Oats, Flour, and Oatmeal, we have to

note a moderate supply since Friday, with a few small
parcels of Grain coastwise ; the arrivals from the Conti-
nental ports of Europe, during the week, containing
merely 3,844 qrs. Wheat, 1,947 qrs. Rye, and 731 qrs.
Pease; those of States and Canadian Flour amounting to
5,653 barrels.

Exclusive of about six hours' rain on Sunday night, the
weather since the middle of last week was fine, and the
harvest proceeded actively around us, but is again inter-
rupted by a few showers this afternoon.
.During market hours to-day, very choice high-mixed
Danzig and prime white English Wheat were held with
much firmness on higher terms, and the general runs of
English, Irish, and Foreign maintained the rates of this
day se'nnight ; the millers, however, being disinclined to
buy freely, or to submit, in any case, to a material ad-

vance, the sales effected altogether were but moderate in
amount. Flour of all descriptions appeared to move off
rather sparingly, without any decided change in value.

ARRIVALS OF CORN,
From the 6th to the 12th August, 1841, inclusive

1 IRE- ' COAST. COLO- FO-
TOTAL.
LAND. WISE. NIAL. REIGN.
Wheat .. Ors. 2274 177 3844 62g5
Barley Qrs. i 38 38
Malt Qrs.i 21 781 801
Oats Qrs. 1 3250 107 1 2357
Rye Qrs. I 1947 1947
Beans Qrs. i 40 40
Pease Qrs. I 183 731 914
ShelledßarleyQrs.
Indian Corn. Qrs.l
Rapeseed Qrs. ,
Oatmeal .. Loads ,1877 44 1921
Flour. ....Sacks 4048 29 4077
Ditto Brls.l 1776 2877 5653

Jiro Runcorn, Ireland a
Oats, 281 qrs.; Oatmeal,

xnd Coast
loads ; Fl

1776 ' 2877
;wise,--Wheat, qrs.,
lour, 500 sacks.

EXPORTS.—Foreign. Wheat, qrs.; Malt, qrs. ; Oats.
qrs. ; Pease, qrs.; Indian Corn, qrs.; Oatmeal, 14
loads ; Flour, 1230 brls.—lreland. Wheat, 50 qrs. ; Bar.
ley, qrs. ; Oats, qrs ; Rye, qrs ; Indian Corn,
qrs. ; Oatmeal, Ids ; Flour, sks, 100 brls.—Coastwise.
Wheat, 6,8 qrs. ; Barley, 176 qrs. ; Malt, 27 qrs. ; Oats, 61
qrs. ; Rye, S qrs. ; Pease, 4 qrs. ; Oatmeal, 195 loads ;
Indian Corn, qrs. ; Flour, 323 sacks 1196 brls.

Average prices of Grain. for the week ending Aug. 3, 1414.
Wheat 51s. Od. ; Barley 345. od. Oats .. 20s. ad Rye 375. 6d.
Beans.. 345. 7d. I Pease.. 365. sd.
Aggregate average of the six weeks.
- - • -- - •

Wheat 54s odr Barley 335 4d 1 Oats 21s gt. ! Rye 353 4d.
Beans.. 375. 2d. j Pease.. 365. 10d.
Duty on Foreign Produce this week.

WheatlBsod I Barley 4s (id I
Oats .... 6s Oct Rye.. 7s 6d
Beans Ls 6a Pease.. Os 6d I Ind. Corn Os Oct Flour lOs 10d

Duty on Canadian.
Wheat.. Is. Od. I Barley.. os. 6d. I Oats .. 2s. Od. Rye.. Os 6d
Beans Os. 6d I Pease os. 6d. I Ind. Corn Os. Od. I Flour .. Os 7id

Duty on other British Colonial.
Wheat.. ss. Od. I Barley.. os. 6d. I Oats, 2, Od. I Rye... Cs. 6d.
Beans.. Os. 6d. I Pease.. is. 6d. I Flour. 3s. Od.
Liverpool Averages, week ending 6th Aug., 1844.

Wheat, 1566 qrs., price, 431. 10d. ; Barley, 0 qrs., price, Os. Od. ;
Oats, 120 qrs., price 19s. 7d.; Beans, 35 qrs., price 375. Od. ;
Rye, qrs., price Os Od.
Duties paid in Liverpool, for week ending Bth Aug., 1844.
Foreign—Wheat, 81 qrs. ; Barley, 1324 qrs.; Beans, 4731 qrs ;
Pease, 21 qrs. ; Indian Corn, 1130 qrs.; Flour, 46 brls.
Colonial--Wheat, 714 qrs. ; Pease, qrs.; Oatmeal, ;
Flour, 17,9 )1 brls.

LAWYERS IN CHINA.—No attornies are authorised by
law in China; those self constituted are thus defined and
described by a Chinese classic writer :—Villainous and
perverse vagabonds, who are fond of making a stir, and
who, either by fraudulent and crafty schemes, excite dis-
cord ; or by disorderly and illegal proceedings, intimidate
and impose upon people!"—Chinese Olin.
THE DOGS-EARED BOOK.—We respect a stained, dog-
eared book. It is a veteran who has seen service—not a
mere gilt ornament to an unread library. It has fulfilled
its mission among books. The marks it bears are the
scars of honourable service. It has been read, and ,re-
read; pored over pensively or joyously. It has excited
high aspirations; rendered forth golden stores of wisdom ;
it has delighted, or instructed—or both. It has charmed
away idle hours, or soothed sad ones; and many, per-
chance, have risen from its pages better and wiser men.
We would not give your old, thumbed, half-worn-out
tome, for the dandy, gilt and purpled volume, virgin in its
unread purity. The dog's-ears show that the midnight
oil has not been wasted. The more worn we find a hook
in the cottage window, or on the humble reading-table,
the greater is sure to be its author.—llluminated Mag.

THE CHEMICAL 'AND MECHANICAL PROCESS, AND
THE SOCIAL INFLUENCES OI THE PENNY POST.'—At
a recent meeting at the Royal Institution, in London,
the Rev. John Barlow, in lecturing on the subject said—
The notion of separating, by a system of stamps, the
financial department of the Post-office from the trans-
mission and delivery of letters, originated with Mr. C.
Whiting, fourteen years since. This gentleman has been
rewarded by the government for the taste and mechanical
skill exhibited in the method in which he proposed to
adjust his plan to the penny-rate adopted at the recom-
mendationmthaenfahistorymanufacture
r eoe ff
flAeltthrt
e.er R-asdothawmelsapinvsde,
Mr. Hill. With this notice of
arTlohweseentaerree de
executed
u thete d
by Messrs. Perkins, Bacon, and Fetch, on Mr. Perkins's
principle of steel engraving by transfer. The process
depends on the property of iron to become hard or soft
as it receives or loses a small quantity of carbon. This
was demonstrated by experiment; and the description of
the process was illustrated by the exhibition of hard and
soft steel rollers, plates, and impressions furnished by
Messrs. Perkins & Co. Mr. Barlow laid great stress on
the absolute identity of every engraving, however nu-
merous, produced by this method. He then observed,
that the engine-work on the adhesive labels is of so close
a pattern that it cannot be taken of by lithography or any
similar contrivance, while on the other hand, the eye is so
accustomed to slight differences between one face and
another, that the most skilful imitators of a minute en-
graving of a human countenance (as that of the sovereign
on the label) could not possibly avoid such a deviation
from what he was copying as would ensure the detection of
a forgery. Mr. Barlow next adverted to the qualities of
the coloured inks with which the labels are printed.
Though sufficiently permanent to withstand the effects of
sun-light, rain, &c., they would be discharged by any
fraudulent attempt made to remove the obliterating stamp,
for the purpose of issuing the label a second time. The
gum used for fix ng these labels to letters, Mr. Barlow
described as being probably derived from potato-starch,
and therefore perfectly innoxious. The manufacture of
the postage envelope is effected by many powerful, yet
accurate machines. The paper is pervaded by coloured
threads against fraud. When sent from the manufactory
of Messrs. Dickinson, it is delivered to the firm of
Messrs. De la Rue. It is there cut into lozenges by the
engine of Mr. Wilson. One of these was exhibited, and
its power contrasted with that of the old bookbinder's
plough. Thirteen thousand five hundred lozenges for
folding were cut in a few seconds. To exhibit the preci-
sion of this engine, 1000 strips of paper, each 1-80th of
an inch in width, were cut in the same short time. Pre-
viously to being stamped, each lozenge has a notch cut
in each side, for the convenience of folding : this is done
by an angular chisel. The envelopes are then stamped at
Somerset House. The machine used for this purpose,
combines the operations of printing and embossing, and
was invented by the late Sir W. Congreve. Mr. C. Whit-
ing enabled Mr, Barlow to exhibit the whole process, by
sending one of these machines, which executed several
stamps, slightly differing in device from that on the
postage envelope. One of Mr. De la flue's folders also
attended, and showed the rapidity with which the en-
velopes are folded and gummed after they are stamped.
The government envelopes employ at Messrs. De la Rue's
thirty-nine folders on an average, and a quick hand can
fold 3,500 in a day. Mr. Barlow then noticed some sta-
tistical conclusions. One engraving on Mr. Perkins hard
steel roller will afford 1,680 transfers to soft steel plates :
these again will, when hardened, admit of 60,000 impres-
sions being pulled from each, so that one original will
afford 100,800,000 impressions of labels, enough to paper
one thousand apartments of 24 feet by 15, and 12 feet
high, making allowance for door, two windows, chimney,
pier glass, and dado. Twelve years ago, common en-
velopes were sold at Is. the dozen : now, the postage en-
velope, with its medallion, may be bought wholesale at
thhael f
manufacture
farthing
average
es
widthned
profit to the government. More than two hundred
in 1843.
twenty millions of chargeable letters were postedt
(exclusive
ispeculiarly
costly,stam pi
t) ,
returnsan d yet
a,t though
quan-
tity would pave a road general
post Oxford-street, pavement included) thefrom
,xfo
post office in London, to the entrance of
(etnh ennalv
United Kingdom Or,
Now, taking a common2ssizyeadrdlesttweirdaes
supposing all the letter-boxes in the to
be open, and to communicate withone
letters would keep flowing through it at the mean rate of
14 in a second. Mr. Barlow then briefly noticed some of
r too
fragile targ
toe
b spout, oturtu, the
sted
the social advantages of the penny post. He touched on
the strength and permanence it afforded to the influences
of home—on the motives of self-education which it sup-
plied—on the aid it ministered to the inquirer after truth.
convee
He stated, that at present about five millions sterling
y or
d
d noticed the advantage of this arrangement
to all, but especially the humbler ranks. He asserted
that nothing is too valuable o
living insects, and watches, plaisters, and bills of
aretoe r
st,hforwarded n
cheap through
conveyance
e tch e :
Post-office
birds'
eggs
gs
by
and diamonds,
money
exchange, are coin miffed to it with equal confidence.
Mr. Bagster sends each sheet of his Polyglot edition of
the Holy Scriptures ten times through the Post-office,
some of these transmissions being to learned men residing
;
at a distance from London s
o that, under the old sys-
tem, the postage on each volume
amounted to £165.
Mr. Barlow concluded by a short
but expresive quotation from • ?.n anonymous writer, de-
elaratory of the manifold benefits of the Penny Post, and
of the oblio•,tti m s
which the country owes to the origina-
-1 or of the s )stem.,, —Arc/weed's Aurnal.