The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1844-09-17 00:00:00

STATISTICS OF EMPLOYMENT.

There is an immense number of important facts to be
gathered from the " Occupation Abstract" of the popu-
lation commissioners as given in the census returns of
1841.
With respect to the comparative numbers of the popu-
lation engaged in manufactures (properly so called) and
agriculture respectively, it will be found that the former
constitute something more than one-sixteenth, the latter
something more than one-twelfth, of the whole -popula-
tion of great Britain. Of the whole number of paupers
(100,529) within the walls of workhouses on the night of
the 6th of June, 1841, the agricultural labourers (3,555)
form something more than 1-28th part. The largest
class of paupers in workhouses was " servants (domestic)"
5,401, of whom the principal part were women. The
whole number under the head " servant (domestic)" in
Great Britain is 1,143,007. We have noticed the imper-
fection of the returns in some points ; as, for instance,
th' return of seven oculists and four aurists for all Great
Britain. In some points of arrangement they are equally
deficient. Thus there is no head of cook nor of confec-
tioner, nor of drover : then we have " copper and den-
tist," " corn cutter," and " scrivener," under the general
division of " professional persons." By the way, some
people will scarcely believe that there are only 279 match-
makers in Great Britain. Again, under the general di-
vision of " educated persons," we have " aeronaut" and
" ventriloquist." If you want to find the head " post-
boy," you discover it clubbed with "coachman" and
"coach-guard." Some of the heads want explanation.
What is a " portioner '" Probably, however, these
faults are mostly attributable to the caprice of the
parties making the returns and answers, rather than
to want of diligence in the enumerators. There areno fewer than 1,097 persons employed in the destruction
of vermin in Great Britain. The subject is too ticklish
to admit of remark.

—lt is manifest, vice think, from the tables, that there are
sundry occupations enumerated in which people have
an inclination to shirk returning themselves as engaged,
their return being made under some more eligible or
high-sounding denomination, but this ambition does not
appear to go the length of disclaiming, all occupation.
The head of persons returned as of independent means is
only 511,449, or somewhat over two per cent. of the
whole population—a strikingly small proportion in so
rich a country as this, and showing conclusively that in-
dustry is the rule of English society, and idleness the
exception. The fact stands out still more clearly on ob-
serving that of the above number 373,633 are females.
The Commissioners have gone out of t heir way to obtain
an account of the previous occupations of the inmates of
gaols, hospitsls, workhouses, and lunatic asylums, on the
night of the 6thl of June, 1841. It is creditable that of
22.330 prisoners in gao!s, only 340 belonged to the army,
17 to the navy. On the other hand, there were under the
head " attorney, solicitor, and law-student," 49 ;
"banker," 10;- " barrister," 7; "surgeon," 20.• It is
to be observed, however, the tables include debtors as well
criminals.

There were 11,218 persons confined in lunatic asylums.
The following are some of the heads :—" army," 232;
" navy," 46 ; " barrister," 10 ; " attorney, solicitor, and
law-student," 50 ; " clergyman," 39 ; " servant" (do-
mestic), 864—the largest denomination. 288 were returned
as of independent means. This part of the tables we regard
as tl:e least sati-factory of the whole. For every 10,000
pers:ons throughout- the population, the following are the
proportions of the inmates of the above four institutions ;
—ln workhouses, 62 ; hospitals, 5 ;gaols, 11; lunatic
asylums, 6. So:ne arithmetical results of the tables may
be worth notice. _ _ _

In England, Wales, and the isles of the British Seas,
there are 252,192 farmers and graziers ; in Scotland,
54,873; together, 307,065. There are 1,127,115 agricul-
tural labourers in Great Britain, which gives an average
of nearly four labourers to each master agriculturist. In
England and Wales there are 13,255 nurses returned,
which gives one nurse for every 1,210 of the population.
In Scotland, according to the returns, there are no nurses.
There are in Great Britain 4.233,247 males, 4,301,300
females returned as under 20 years of age ; together,
8.581,547 ; but there are, it seems, only 59,745 persons
occupied as educators, including "all branches" and
either sex, which gives one teacher for every 143 young
persons—a suspicious result, which becomes more sus-
picious when we remember that, in addition to the above
numbers, nearly 11,000,000 persons, classed as " residue
of the population," being unreturned, contain about 31
per cent. males, and 33 per cent. females, under 20.
The principle of shirking seems to have been at work
here. Few Men like to write themselves down school-
masters. So in the metropolis, to a population of 1,873,676,
only 7,138 persons place themselves under the very com-
prehensive heal, " schoolmaster, mistress, or assistant,
tutor or governess."
The number of domestic servants for the metropolis
(of whom 39,300 are males) gives about one for every 47
of the inhabitants ; the proportion throughout Great
Britain is one for every 16 persons; that of the county of
Westmoreland one for every three. In the metropolis
there are 834 clergymen, or one for every 2,246 persons ;
the proportion throughout Great Britain is one for every
12,892 ; the proportion for Westmoreland (the pattern
county in many respects) is one for every 262.

Cast ini3tEs.

Clears This Dav, (Tuesday.)
For CALCUTTA,
The fine Liverpool-built Ship
MARY SOMERVILLE,
1410 JACOB JOHNSON, Commander ;
A 1; 407 tons register; and coppered ; sails remarkably
fast ; and presents an eligible opportunity for goods, and
lias excellent accommodations for passengers.—For terms
of freight or passage apply to Messrs. TAYLOR, POTTER,
and Co., Merchants, or to

W. N. MOORE and BROTHER,
4, Irvlia Buildings.

To sail immediately.
For BOMBAY.
The Ship LINTIN,
JOAN GILLMAN, Commander.
For terms of freight or passage apply to Messrs. BAR-
TON, IRLAM. and HtootNsoN, or to
W. N. MOORE and BROTHER,
3, India-buildings.

Positively the first vessel, and to sail the first
fair wind.
For BOMBAY,
0151 The splendid English-built Ship
IMAUM OF MUSCAT,
JAMES J. RICHES, Commander ;
A 1 ' • 436 tons ; coppered; a remarkably fast sailer ; and
will be found in every respect a very first-rate conveyance
for goods, and her accommodation for passengers supe-
rior, having a full plop.—For terms, &c. apply on board,
south-west corner Prince's Deck, or to
W. and J. TYRER.

Will be despatched early in October, having the greater
part of her cargo ready for shipment.
f. For SINGAPORE,
The splendid Clyde-built Ship ISABELLA,
, ALEX. GaAY, Commander,
(Who has had great experience in the trade ;)
A 1 at Lloyd's; 355 tons register; coppered and copper-
fastened ; sails remarkably fast ; and will be found a most
desirable conveyance, being a regular trader, and having
invariably delivered her cargoes in first-rate order.—For
freight or passage, having spacious accommodations, apply
to Messrs. REID, IRVING, and Co. ; Captain GRAY, on
board, Waterloo Dock ; or

J. J. STARKEY.

anittb &tateo.

To succeed the NONANTUM, and now ready to
ig• receive cargo.
!oy /1"- For BOSTON,
A- The very fine A 1 American Ship ADRIAN,
FRANCIS H. DAVIS, Commander ;
Burthen 563 tons ; coppered and copper-fastened ; Bos-
ton-built ; and a superior conveyance in every respect.—
Apply to FOCKE and BOULT.
Freight payable at four dollars eighty cents per pound.

To sail on the 24th instant.
For BOSTON.
,:eulitf-v— The fine first-class American Ship OXNARD,
Captain W. B. HINCKLEY ;
Burthen 700 tons; coppered and coppered-fastened ; now
on her first voyage ; and a fast sailer.—Apply to Captain
HINCKLEY, on board, Victoria Dock, or to
BARING BROTHERS and Co.
Freight payable at four dollars eighty cents per pound
sterling.

NEW YORK LINE OF PACKETS.
Sailing on the 21st of Every month.
_ -

INDEPENDENCE, NYE . ..... 850 tons.. 21st Sept.
ASHBURTON, HUTTLESTON 110 C tons.. 21st Oct.
GEO. WASHINGTON, ALLEN. 700 tons.. 21st Nov.
PATRICK HENRY, DELANO.. 1000 tons.. 21st Dec.

These well-known superior Ships are all of the first-
class, built expressly for the Packet-service, possessing
the qualities of fast-sailing, with every accommodation
and comfort that can be afforded on shipboard, and com-
manded by men of great experience and acknowledged
character.

The Cabin Passage Money is fixed at TWENTY-
FIVE POUNDS, for which an abundant supply of all
Stores will be provided, with the exception of Wines
and Spirits, which can be had of the Steward, if re •
quired.
These packets sail punctually to the appointed day, and
take no freight two days previous to being despatched.
For Freight, and Cabin Passage only, apply to
CHAPMAN, BOWMAN, and Co.,
9, Rumford-place.
Freight payable in New York at the rate of four dollars
and eighty cents per pound sterling.

4. NEW YORK LINE OF PACKETS.
itift4T

NEW ARRANGEMENT.
Sails on the 26th of every Month.
SAMUEL HICKS, BUNKER .. 850 tons.. 26th Sept.
STEPHEN WHITNEY,W.C.
1034 tons.. 26th Oct.
THOMPSON .
UNITED STATES.A. BRITTON 650 tons.. 26th Nov.
IRGINIAN, W. H. ALLEN ... 620 tons.. 26th Dec.

These ships are all of the first class, recently built in
the city of New York ; and, for strength, beauty of
model, punctuality and swiftness of sailing, as well as for
extent and comfort of cabin accommodations, are not
surpassed by any in the trade, and their commanders are
men of great experience.
The rate of Cabin Passage-money is TWENTY-FIVE
POUNDS, :or which all Stores will be found, ex-
cept Wines and Spirits, which can be had of the Steward,
if required.
To insure punctuality in sailing, no Goods can be re-
ceived on board unless they are down two days before
the day of sailing.—Apply to
THOMAS and JOS. SANDS and CO.

Freight by these vessels to be collected in New York
at the rate of four dollars eighty cents to the pound
sterling.

THE OLD LINE OF PACKETS
For NEW YORK.
-TA*"
Sailing on the Ist and 16th of every Month.

NEW YORK, T. B. CROPPER 1000 tons.. Ist Oct.
COLUMBUS, G. A. COLE .. 660 tons.. 16th Oct.
YORKSHIRE, D. G. BAILEY 1100 tons.. Ist Nov.
CAMBRIDGE, W. C. BA RSTOW. 900 tons.. 16th Nov.
ENGLAND, S. BARTLETT 730 tons.. Ist Dec.
OXFORD, J. RATHBON E
MONTEZUMA, A. B. LownEß.looo tons.. Ist Jan.
EUROPE, E. G. FURBER .

These ships are all of the first class, and commanded
by men of character and experience. The passage-money
is established at TWENTY-FIVE POUNDS ; for which
ample stores of every description will be provided, with
the exception of Wines and Liquors, which will be fur-
nished by the Steward, if required.
BARING BROTHERS and CO.

Freight by these Packets will be collected at the rate of
four dollars and eighty cents to the pound sterling.

r, THE NEW LINE OF PACKETS
1,40'"
/-- -Ps"
klt For lEW YORK,
To sail on the 6th of every Month.
s.- M
-
LIVERPOOL, (New Ship) J
• 1100 tons.. 6th Oct.
ELDRIDGE
New Ship QUEEN OF THE
,}
1250 tons.. 6th Nov.
WEST, P. WOODHOUSE
ROCHESTER, J. BRITTON 750 tons.. 6th Dec.
HOTTINGUER, I. BURSLEY 1035 tons.. 6th Jan.

These substantial, fast-sailing, first-class ships, all built
in the city of New York, are commanded by men of ex-
perience and ability.
There cabins are elegant and commodious, and are
furnished with whatever can conduce to the ease and
somfort of passengers.
The rate of cabin passage is TWENTY-FIVE
POUNDS, for which all stores are provided, except wines
and spirits; these, if required, may be procured from the
steward.
This Line of Packets will not receive Goods after the
4th of each month.

FIELDEN BROTHERS and Co.
Freight payable in New York at the rate of 4 dollars
80 cents to the pound sterling.

LINE OF PACKETS FOR NEW YORK.

IP., Sailing on the 11th OF EVERY MONTH,
f„S under a new arrangement, and instead of the
im, 13th, as formerly.

SIDDONS, EDWARD B. COBB . . 1014 tons.. 11th Oct.
SHERIDAN, AUG. Da PEYSTER 1012 tons.. 11th Nov.
GARRICK. B. J. H. TRAS K . . .. 1004 tons.. 11th Dec.
ROSCIUS, JoHN C0wN5...... 1150 tons.. 11th Jan.

These Ships are all of the first and largest class, built
in the city of New York of the best materials, and with
such improvements as to combine great speed with un-
usual comfort for Passengers, and they are commanded by
men of experience and ability. The rate of Cabin Passage
is fixed at TWENTY-FIVE POUNDS, without Wines
or Liquors, but those Stores can be obtained on board,
The utmost punctuality will be observed as to the day of
sailing; to insure which no Goods can be received after
the 9th of each month.—For terms of Freight or Cabin
Passage apply to BROWN, SHIPLEY, and Co.
Freight by these vessels will be collected at four dollars
eighty cents to the pound sterling.

,t, THE PHILADELPHIA LINE OF
/Aft; PACKETS.
filAiv-
.,,„ o ,
Sailing on the 81h of every Month.
11160NGATIELA, E. Ty RLEY 509 tons.. Bth Oct.
SUSQUEHANNA.J.W.MIERCKEN, 600 tons, Bth Nov.
THOS.P. COPE, H.F.MIERcicEN 800 tons.. Bth Dec.
SHENANDomi, J. WEST BOO tons.. Bth Jan.

These Vessels are all of the first class, built expressly
for this line, and combeteeyaenrye quality to render them
safe and expeditious
Goods, and they
are furnished with spacious and conveyances for
accommodations
'Wines
the Cabin is fixed
for passengers. The rate of Passaggeainntt
of and Liquors.
at £2O, Passengers finding their own
These Packets will take advantage the Steam Tow-
boats on the Delaware.
To ensure punctuality in sailing, no Goods' can be re-
ceived after the Gth of each month.
For freight or cabin passage apply to
BROWN, SHIPLEY, and CO.
Freiht by these vessels will be collected at the rate o'
four dollars eighty cents to the pound sterling.

&ttain pabigation.

agr The Cabin Passage Money to Boston, per the
Steamer of 19th October, will be Thirty Guineas, and
One Guinea Stewards' Fee.

*** Freight will be £3 10s. per ton measurement per
Steamer of the 19th October.

BRITISH AND NORTH AMERICAN ROYAL
MAIL STEAM-SHIPS,
Of 1200 Tons and 440 Horses' Power each.
hiPPOINTED BY THE ADMIRALTY TO SAIL BETWEEN
LIVERPOOL anc: BOSTON,
BALLING AT HALIFAX TO 1.4,ND AND RECEIVE PAS-
SENGERS AND HER MAJESTY'S MAILS.
CALEDONIA, Captain E nwn. G. LOTT.
AC ADI A, Captain Wm. HARRISON.
HIBERNIA, Captain ALEX. iIvRIE.
BRITANNIA, Captain JOTIN HEWITT.
CAMBRIA, CaptainC.H.E.Junxiii s.
The Vessels appointed to sail from LIVERPOOL are the
CALEDONIA on the 19th September.
ACADIA, on the 4th October.
HIBERNIA.. on the 19th October.
Passengers' Luggage must be on board the day previous
to sailing.
Passage, including Provisions, but without Wines or
Liquors, which can be obtained on hoard, to Boston or
Halifax, Thirty-eight Guineas. Steward's Fee, One
Guinea. Dogs charged £5 each.
Apply, in Halifax, to S. CuNARn ; in Boston, to S. S.
Lewis ; in London, to J. B. POORE', 52, Old Broad-
street; in Glasgow, to G. and J. BURNS ; or, in Liverpool,
to D. and C. MACIVER, 14, Water-street.
NOTE.—AII LETTERS and NEWSPAPERS intended to
be sent by these Vessels must pass through the POST-
OFFICE, and none will be received at the Agents' Offices.
Passengers will be charged freight on their personal
Luggage when it exceeds half-a=ton measurement.

The CALEDONIA starts on THURSDAY next, the
19th instant. At One o'clock, Afternoon, of that day a
Steamer will be at the Egremont Slip, south end of the
Prince's Dock, to take off the Passengers.

*23- Passengers are particularly requested to send all
Luggage on board the day before ; and, to prevent disap-
pointment or difficulty, Passengers are respectfully in-
formed that no packages of merchandise will be allowed
to go on board as luggage, or with their luggage.

N.B. Parcels will be received at the Office of the
Agents, up to Eight o'clock on the Evening of To-MOR-
ROW, (Wednesday,) the 18th instant, but not later.

THE GLASGOW AND LIVERPOOL

ROYAL STEAM-PACKET COMPANY'S

splendid new iron Steam Ships
PRINCESS ROYAL, Capt. M'ARTHUR,
g ARO= ROYAL GEORGE, Captain Coax,
Are intended to sail as under