The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-07-25 00:00:00

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NOTICES.

of England Quarterly Review. London

The W. E. Painter, Strand.
ail number for July, just published, contains more than
e, average quantity of matter relating to contemporary
,iverlts• Amongst those most interesting is a paper on
France and its Revolutions," in the form of a review of
k
ernc'ires Relatifs l'Histoire de France, pendant le
18„ a
, Siecle, in which the state of popular feeling which
led to the revolution of the close of the last century, is
tri:eed in a great part to unbounded license amongst all
oril
!'s) which prevailed during the regency of the Duke of
leans The and the early part of the reign of Louis XV.
following extract, the truth of which, since it was
ritterl in 1846, has received additional confirmation by
eceot events in France, conveys a striking view of the
DEMOCRATIC TENDENCIES OF. THE RULE OF THE

ORLEANS LY.
Itikth""lated with this changeFAMl from the beginning, and
,t 1 all the phases of that change to the present moment
sole thread on which the-strange incidents of mo-
tiT ()Peach history can be hung together—is the house
of
The princes of that house are the incarnation
political conduct : men not simply without
413 t`',lne, but almost without the affectation of it, follow-
that '47 exigencies of the hour with an obedience so willing
vilaneY would seem to have no feelings of their own
they could even make a merit of sacrificing ;
ontr,„ng the notions of the hour just as they arose with-
with-Isideration, and abandoning them as they declined
re4!it regret. As public men, loose, undignified, al-
liareLnoble—in private, acute, affable, fascinating—they
that 'earned the habit of giving to their public conduct
iyeuiPsallness of aim and shrewdness in trifles which
on' be admissible in a clever country magistrate intent
then road bill, or on marrying his daughter to the heir of
pledsext estate. Too able to be despicable, too unprinci-
of th,t,°,,,he respected, they have been at all times the type
Sotif;•„"tne-serving politicians of a period without settled
liob;"s_on any subject, intent only on expedients of the
tha" Fond of power—more as increasing their private
isip; their European influence—loving the velvet and
th i of the monarchy rather than the crown or sceptre,
beY have been satisfied with a useful rather than a re-
ire ted authority, contented to keep up appearances
voad and to prevent positive misfortune at home. As
I,•', have watched the changes of the day, so their fortunes
'eve always depended upon it : they have lived politically
0111 hand to mouth, and their firmest consciousness of
POWer has ever been accompanied with a sense of the pos.
i
bility of its failure. These characteristics, by which the
whole race has been distinguished, are precisely such as
*oald he transmitted by family tradition from father to
ten. Meanwhile, the circumstances under which they
family
been placed in power have been as similar as the
daillilY character—at all times with a title doubtful or
,slsPuted—opposed to the prejudices of ancient statesmen,
‘iiid
dependent on principles adverse to ancient interests.
leY have been, in consequence, compelled to rely for
rsistance on other than the old supports or former a
'lee of the monarchy. Hence their coquetry with the
124.parpleiamig netonts, their tampering with popular writers, their
popular feelings and excitements ; and the con-
*beatilience of all this—their tendencies towards the only
tption which recognises the influence of either parliament,
Vess, or popular excitement. Yet all these alliances have
tabolnemanaged with a jealousy and bitternesswhich has
pi
rated the alliances themselves from becoming respec-
n or the use to be made of them permanent or com-
Wire. To make a clever use of each in turn when power-
t al,ad to take a clever advantage of them when weak—
iti-tlovy them just to reach that development which the
erest of the moment required, and to sap by petty
ahstratagems the benefits which others would derive from
em—such has been at all times their policy. Hence has
titalsen that series of artifices and contrivances which marks
r°llgliont the fact and the paltriness of the house of Or-
illa:1s, formino• the leading feature in their conduct with
same invariable result—a partial success at the coin-
Clleement, and utter failure in the whole at the last.
th'eellent managers of single incidents, they have proved
raiselves but sorry conductors of, the entire policy of a
great Country.
Another descriptive extract, from the same article, will
f
°NiblY remind the reader of similar scenes which occurred
in ~„
Own capital during the existence of the South Sea
Bubble
EFFECT OF THE FIRST INTRODUCTION CF PAPER MONEY
AND JOINT-STOCK ENTERPRISES IN FRANCE.
One
the
old street, in the centre of old Paris, had long been
,e. chief seat of the trifling monetary transactions for
which the capital had occasion thereto. The street
anrin,fa%Paix contained about sixty houses, blackened
Merit Ted with age, with narrow passages and battle-
tu • s that threatened to tumble down at the first oppor-
,
A crowd of Jews and usurers inhabited the place,
'at? sometimes discounted government bills and paper of
lue ; but their chief operations were the lending money
,o small tradesmen and people of the market, often merely
°Y the hour, on the security of small wares and baskets a
oroyisio
f Rs. This villainous locality became the rendezvous
the system : the old walls, accustomed to the clink of a
fn pence, resounded with bargains involving the price of
fempire: the crowd became so great that the police
Were obliged to barricade the entrance : the most misera-
ble rooms let for enormous sums ; till at last the specula-
,,T;s, driven fairly out of doors, transacted their business
thi'l'chout shelter in the midst of the most violent storms or
e most
in
ost rigorous cold. Knight- errants like their fathers
the service of a different mistress—wind and
".ether became totally indifferent to the pampered no-
• y,„ Y, of Paris : two hundred thousand livres were paid
-r,y for •
t, a single house. The road to fortune was open
6 all the world : the nobleman chaffered beside his
e-e'llleY, the lady beside her lover, the debtor beside his
s.reditor, the banker beside the beggar. Even to us the
qit,le of excitement would appear sufficiently striking.
re' 10e
must it have seemed to those accustomed to the
Il.'oloe of the old court, with its starched habits, uncom-
of"lising etiquette, detestation of theory, and contempt
ex eeatinaerce ? Meanwhile, those who had occasion to
repine the system more closely began to perceive its
tii„",enness. The Duke de Noailles, piovoked by some
rha'sjs from Law, collected all the notes he could lay his
daands On, and brought away a heap of gold from the bank.
e brothers Paris, the most eminent financiers of the
bankf the old school, began to collect the notes of the
S4O to a still more alarming extent, and were only
o hy a forced increase in the value of the coin.
prise one sold Law an estate, for which he demanded the
refn. in coin. Law dared not confess his weakness by
the sI ng. Some legal flaw prevented the completion of
neiePurchase, and the vendor paid the money back in
sh, si, Which Law was equally afraid to refuse, lest he
thekld bring discredit on his system. To stories such as
0f• le were added a multitude of sarcasms and witticisms,
sound more influence with the French nation than the
o.„"dest arguments. The passion for paper began to
d;e. the government early took the alarm : they or-
ed the commonest necessaries of life to be paid for in
sioper they forbad any man keeping in his posses-
ki,llr More than 500 francs inspecie. Such decrees were
tni's easy to make than to enforce : people told the coin-
kin sloners that " their money was at the service of the
but belonged to no one but themselves;" and the
stance fines ordered by the statutes appear in no in-
Withee,to have been enforced. At last, the panic began
Of all the fury that might be expected from the temper
no People which had been so readily excited by hope,
el w irritated to the utmost by disappointment. The
„ "J
that d„...rushed in such numbers to exchange their paper
anY were trodden to death at the gates of the bank.
the government most imprudently reduced the value of
Oloili„o'bes, which were to decrease in monthly propartions,
ng half their worth by the end of the year. The out-
ver„was terrible : the parliament interposed and the go-
ile,"lnent rescinded its edict; but the mischief had been
Ne,already, though the edict only hastened. its crisis.
the last hope of Law was in his bank : he obtained for it
tob monopoly of the Indian commerce—the farm of the
gn,aeeo—in fact, every privilege of value of which the
50eLninent could dispose. For this it engaged to pay off
100 zoo() of notes yearly. The king gave to the bank
Ihigni„.°o,ooo shares which had been allotted to him. All
Rive "as of little avail against so enormous an evil. To
pias°'ne stability to the colonization of the Mississippi-
-1:44 „ ' Still connected with the bank—all the beggars and
for tiWithout profession in the lower ranks were collected
1404 Purpose of a compulsory emigration. They were
th • awaY in barns without food, and so little care taken
fer.sher
1 pd alost ordinary necessities that numbers of them
-"„' This served but little to lessen Law's unpopu-
t th—se ._.ue regent gave him a guard. and made him appear
'ashio oPera in his own box. This was but a French
t‘°o3N led " making head against the outcry. Law was
Pei
fisted f to fly, and the system was at an end. It had
((isnsed 2! four years. The individual ruin which it had
etan was, perlaps, even a smaller evil than the general
most Bement of affairs. The prices of provisions and
of thelleeessaries had doubled in the interval • the wages
°4l ,„artizan had increased in proportion ; and, when, the
l'est()•;:er of things returned, it was no easy matter to
Nbl-4 the equilibrium. The general corruption had
4 till enabled Most public men to profit by private ruin : many
eika,l.Pa.lace was raised upon bank notes and shares in
40lesin4lessnissiPPi ; and on or two !done of the French
came unsullied from the trial.
of 'Other very pleasing article is a review of a Biography
bald ,iver 'Goldsmith, by John Forster, and a Life of
(theGe-
author of the Collegians,) by his brother.
uest
be tlaw. article in the number, however, we conceive to
lets," " entitled, " Struggle of the People with their Ru-
Ilnilerwilleh is a review of an excellent work by Colonel
Of We shall take the liberty of introducing a couple
'Not t•
entire. a I°ris ; but the article itself ought to be read

outv
A , 41,ROCS FEELING A PROTECTION TO A NATION.
INohaliternporary writer has quoted the.following obseL-
Th; (3f Burke in illustrating the spirit of.the day
00.
-hillists- age of chivary is gone : that of sophists,
glory f
Qelarie iS eXting . hed fors ever. Never more shall we
kibili' that generous loyalty to rank, and see that proud
°f theskn, that rdignified obedience, that suboFclinatti9no
NArtt 21feart, which kept alive, even in servitude itselft_t_le,
the
c,u_ au exalted freedom. The unbought grace of hotr_.
tbentueN) defence of nations, the nurse of manly se i
tilat 8,
18 gene. It is gon.--that sensibility of principle,
irhiebe.l.lastity of honour which felt a stain like
.a wound,
bled courage whilst it mitigated feTocity, wh lost , ed whatever it touched, and under which vice itself
Cationluoiff its evil by losing
the
all its grossnFss.". The
'tote ! most apt to
re the times. It was ritten in _ eike_baPlatlon of one volution—it is descriptive of the 3ofan :
it is the lament of a high-minded man

over a moral death in which the politicians and economists
of this day exult, and it accounts for the degradation into "
which the heretofore noble of every class are daily sinking.
Honour amongst kings, faith amongst nations, are at a
discount. Whilst, on the one hand, monarchs are seen to
uphold their power by acts of treachery or turn craven in
the hour of danger, on the other, the virtue of allegiance
is trampled under foot. Where men were wont to die in
defence of a principle they now purchase life, and some-
times infamy, by the sacrifice of all that is high and ho-
nourable. When the Duchess of Orleans was in the
Chamber of Deputies, shaming, with her woman's cou-
rage, the frightened spirits of her husband's house, one
cry of devotion from a loyal heart might have saved the
dynasty ; but it was wanting, and this, too, in France !
But what could be expected when one of the noblest war-
riors she ever encountered lies pining in a prison, the
victim of a solemn pledge given by a prince and broken in
shameless indifference to honour by the nation in whose
name it was offered ? If Louis Philippe complain of the
defection of men, both high and low, sworn to allegiance,
he will only find it in the true reflection of that perjured
act by which Abd-el Kader became and remains the pri-
soner of France.

FERGUS O'CONNOR AN HONESTER DEMAGOGUE THAN

COBDEN.

Lord John Russell has recently remarked, that the
middle and lower classes are not generally desirous of a
greater measure of Parliamentary Reform ! The re-
mark has been much canvassed. His lordship is right and
he is wrong. He is right if by this greater measure he
means that which Mr. Joseph Hume and his tail are
desirous of obtaining for their own selfish purposes : he
is wrong if by this remark he would have it to be under-
stood that the restless spirit which is finding a place in
the thoughts and hearts of these classes every where else
is unwelcome to them here. The League and its purposes,
in the new career of agitation which is opened to needy
adventurers, are too palpably dishonest to deceive the
classes who are earnestly canvassed for support; and it is
a libel upon virtue to suppose for one moment that
any particle of pure patriotism enters into the composition
of this disreputable confederation. The points for which
the country is now to be agitated are, with a very slight
difference, the very points which have long been advocated
by poorer men of greater honesty and as much ability as
the clique which has now adopted them ; and, whilst there
is enough of political charlatanism in the missionaries of
this new-born agitation to make us disgusted with their
work, there is something contemptible in the way in which
they are stepping forward, now that there is a chance of a
treaty with Chartism, to take the fruits of the victory out,
of the hands of those who have fought the battle, and
whom they have ridiculed when suffering under the heat
of the conflict. It is the best thing, however, that could
have happened for Feargus O'Connor, as be now stands
in contact with Cobden as the greater political hero and
honester man of the two.

The review of M. Louis Blanc's " Organization du
Travail," contains also some just views on a very vital
question ; and we have a very lively notice of " Pepys'
Diary and Correspondence."