The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-07-18 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.

On Saturday a Sicilian sailor, named Lango, was re-
manded on a charge of smuggling 1151bs. of tobacco, and
231bs of cigars.
THE FRUIT SEASON.—Five young men were brought up
at the Police-court, on Tuesday last, charged with rob-
bing the gardens of Mr. Cropper and Mr. Yates, in Din-
gle-lane. They had plentifully filled their pockets with
fruit. As soon as they were discovered, they took to their
heels, and before they were captured the police had to pur-
sue them into the river. They were sent before the county
justices, the jurisdiction of the stipendiary not reaching to
the place where the depredations were committed.
INFORMATION UNDER THE BUILDING ACT.—On Wed-
nesday Mr. Samuel Marshall was summoned before the
magistrates for placing a beam of improper dimensions
over the front of two shops now being altered by him in
Renshaw-street. He had received notice from Mr. John-
son, surveyor, to remove the same within forty-eight
hours, but he neglected to do so. Mr. Rushton ordered
him to enter into his recognizance in the sum of £lOO to
make the required alteration to the satisfaction of the
surveyor within three days.

YOUNG, BUT CLEVER.—A boy, about nine years old,
named Thomas Murphy, was committed for three months
on Tuesday, charged with picking ladies' pockets at the
Theatre Royal, on Monday evening. The officer who ap-
prehended him said that he was the cleverest pickpocket
in Liverpool. He had been three times committed and
four times discharged at the Liverpool offices for similar
offences. He was then just discharged from Knutsford
Gaol after three months' servitude. He travelled to Glas-
gow, London, and all over the country, in pursuit of his
urofession.

EXPULSION FROM A BURIAL SOCIETY.—On Tuesday a
man named Thomas Holmes summoned the members of
the Philanthropic Burial Society, for expelling him from
the society. It appeared that he had been an officer, and
was not content with his remuneration, which caused him
to make some severe remarks upon the society. The of-
ficers then met, and on one of the rules, which had no
application to the case, gravely came to a resolution to
expel him. Mr. Rushton rebuked the officers of the so-
ciety. who attended in court, for their disregard of law
and justice, and ordered the restoration of the suspended
member.

HEARTLESS FRAUD.—Two Irish emigrants came before
Mr. Rushton on Friday, to complain of imposition on the
part of a lodging-house keeper named Farrington. The
men stated that the defendant accosted them, and solicited
them to put up at his house, offering them lodgings at the
rate of fourpence each a night. After staying two nights
at his house, they signified their intention of leaving, when
Farrington made the unexpected claim of twelve shillings
for the storage of a few boxes belonging to them. Mr.
Rushton said he found, from daily experience, that no
sooner had persons of the description of the complainants
landed in this port than they were set upon by a parcel of
fellows whose object was to plunder them. He also told
Farrington that unless he paid the fine of £4 within a very
short time, he would cause him to be sold up.
USE OF THE KNIFE.—John Anthony, a man of colour,
was placed in the dock at the Police-court on Friday, on
the following charge :—Henry Stewart, a lad having the
appearance of an operative, stated that he was passing
along Paul-street between one and two o'clock on that
morning, when the prisoner, who was standing on the pa-
rapet talking to a number of females, pushed him into the
middle of the road, and followed up this unjustifiable con-
duct by stabbing him in the breast and back. A surgeon
who had examined the wounds declared them to be dan-
gerous from their position, though he did not apprehend
any serious results from them. The black, whose shirt
was covered with blood, said he was struck first, and in so
violent a manner as to cause him to bleed profusely. The
surgeon found a slight wound on the man's head, but
could not account for its presence. Stewart admitted the
possibility of having struck the black after being wounded
himself. The prisoner was fined £5, or in default to be
imprisoned two months.

DR. S. LOEWE'S LECTURE ON THE VARIOUS
INCIDENTS OF HIS TRAVELS IN RUSSIA.

tdelightfuliv e
ly listened and
to
b interesting
a very
numerous lecture,
ewhichnd was
highly
rmesoApsetcvatetartbyelne audience, was delivered by Dr. Loewe, in St.
Mary's National Schools, Kirkdale, on Wednesday even-
ing week. The subject was the various incidents of the doc-
tor's travels in Russia, which, he said, occupied an area
of 347,49 - square miles, and was more than twice
the size of Europe, and one-eighth of the whole inhabited
globe. He stated that it was possessed of all the elements,
both moral and physical, which constituted the greatness
of a nation. It bad possessions in Europe, Northern
Asia, and the North-western point of America ; and,
besides the most extensive forests, navigable rivers, a
grateful soil, and the richest mines ; its inhabitants, i. e.,
the Russian portion of them, possessed the character and
moral features of a superior nation, the whole number of
which amounted to 62,000,000, more than one-fourth of
them being peasants, while the whole population was a mix-
ture of more than one hundred different nations. No other
kingdom, he said; counted so great a variety of nations.
He further described the main features of the govern-
ment, which was autocratical; the emperor, czar, or samor-
dershits, being the highest lawgiver. ruler, judge, and head
of all spiritual and physical, or political, affairs, from whom
there was no appeal. After mentioning the religion of
the state, which is Greek, and which binds the sove-
reign of that country and his family to profess it,
and is managed by 3 metropolitans, 28 archbishops, 38
bishops, and more than three hundred thousand priests
and monks, the former of which were called popes, and
betrayed great ignorance,—the doctor made some graphic
remarks on the character of the Russians, who were very
shrewd, hospitable, generous, quick in acquiring know-
ledge, persevering and plodding, and men of business
habits, but given much to drink and other vicious habits,
such as gambling, &c.
He then requested his audience to accompany him to
the Baltic, especially to the city of Riga, a commercial

town of tonsiderable importance, which had a very good
harhour. stivd was the main staple place of the Russian
trade in flAx, ?temp, tallow, and the like articles for foreign
exportation. He there pointed out to them some of the
most remarkable and striking buildings of the place, such
as the Rathhause, i.e., Townhall, the Exchange, St. Pe-
ter's Church, with a spire more than 300 feet In height,
the Domkirche, or Cathedral, the Ritter-saal, or assem-
bly-rooms, which was the property of the nobility residing
in the Baltic provinces. He gave also a description of the
character of the natives, by far the greater portion of
which were Germans. They were, the Doctor said, ge-
nerally speaking, well-informed, hospitable, and courteous
towards strangers, especially the English, whom they es-
teemed on account of their integrity, love of peace, and
m anly courage.

Proceeding-from thence to Dorpat, a university town of
considerable celebrity,—Narva. an ancient Swedish for-
tress, but which now belonged to the Russians, in conse-
quence of the blunders made by Charles XII, King of Swe-
den, in his war with Peter the Great. He described the sal-
mon spearing which takes place in the, neighbourhood of the
last-mentioned place, and which afforded occupation to
hundreds of poor people. Passing over places of minor im-
portance, he brought his audience to St. Petersburg, one
of the finest capitals in Europe. After describing the ge-
neral aspects of this city with its hundreds of palaces,
public places of resort, churches, and institutions, he
spoke of its inhabitants, who were a mixture of many
foreign nations, chiefly Germans, English, French, Ita-
lians, and the natives, the main languages for con-
versation being the French, English, and German ; he
dwelt on the importance of the passport in visiting the
metropolis of Russia and the country itself, without
which no admission can be obtained at the hotels, inns,
and private houses, while the absence of it would in-
volve any person in great trouble and unpleasantness.
Having given a description of the church dedicated
to the Virgin of Kasan, St. Isaac's, and other churches,
the Alexander Newski Monastery, the Admiralty, with
its gilt spire, the Senate-house, Summergarden, with its
magnificent railings, the canal, and iron suspensionbridges,
the wood pavement of some of the streets of St. Peters-
burg, the fortress near it, on the other side of the
river Neva, and the magnificent church containing the
vaults and last resting place of the imperial family, the
learned doctor described the character of the present Em-
peror of Russia in favourable terms, and the rare modesty
and popularity of each member of his family, who walked
along the streets of the northern capital without any
ostentation, and returned every respectful salute with
great benignity.

Having narrated a very interesting interview he had
with the Countess. ****, the Doctor begged of his audi-
ence to accompany him on his way to the second metro-
polis of Russia—Moscow. The road from Petersburg to
Moscow having been described, which, said the lecturer,
was more than 500 English miles in extent, macadamised,
and intersected by numerous rivers or rivulets, across
which were constructed the most elegant bridges,
built of granite, and ornamented with gilt iron railings
from the factory of an Englishman, who, he said, had
amassed immense wealth by this and other underta-
kings, he brought his audience to Twer, Volagda, No-
vogorod, in one of the churches of which latter place the
lecturer saw a solid silver altar, which had been presented
to it by the present Emperor of Russia. And having
dwelt in this place, which had formerly been a Swedish
fortress, and during the middle ages a place of considera-
ble importance in a mercantile point of view, and an ally
of the Hanseatic towns, but became Russian in conse-
quence of the bad policy and ill fate of Charles XII.,
King of Sweden,—we ere long find the learned Doctor at
Moscow, which was, according to his description, com-
posed of huts and palaces, in which the trade was ma a most
flourishing state, and the wealth immense.
He presently referred to the commercial intercourse of the
Muscovites with the Chinese. and many eastern nations,
especially the Persians and Turks, which was very con-
siderable. He also dwelt on the fortress, called the
Kremlin, which, he said, was a curionsconstruction, betray-
ing strongly its Eastern origin. Having there spent Easter
week, the doctor described the noise of the thousands
of bells during that period as most terrific, as the "trump
of doom," as Carlyle bath it, and so much excited
the temper of a Frenchman that he wished the Mus-
covites had the bell-ropes on their necks, instead of
having them in their bands, and causing this infernal
noise and tumult. He also referred to the amusing cus-
tom of the Russians in exchanging eggs and kisses during
the Easter week. This takes place between both sexes,
and awakening the members of each sex separately, without
the slightest sense of indecorum, &c. In this place too,
the propensity to drunkenness is very great, and the
doctor gave an instance of a Russian princess, whom he
found greatly intoxicated. He then described the battle
field of Moshaisk which was near Moscow, and on which
more than 2,000 guns were vomiting death and destruc-
tion on the French army under Napoleon, and the
combatants that were there assembled in the ; ear 1812,
which ended in the defeat of the modern Alexander the
Great, and the ruin of his empire.
The lecturer then proceeded to Tula, (which is the
Russian Birmingham,) Nishni, Novogorod, Simbersk,
&c. We regret that our space will not permit us to dwell
on any of his pointed remarks concerning them. At the
conclusion of the lecture, the doctor was vehemently
cheered by his delighted audience, who regretted much the
shortness of the lecture, although it had lasted rather
more than two hours.

A vote of thanks, moved by Mr. Roskell, and seconded
by Mr. Hampson, was carried by acclamation.

ißistrirt getus.

The potatoes about Ormskirk promise to be most
abundant•. Not a single indication of disease has ap-
peared.

The Scarth-hill corn-mill, near Ormskirk, was destroyed
by fire on Thursday. It was insured for about half the
value.

Yesterday week the greater part of the cotton-manu-
facturers in Stockport commenced working full time,
having for several months back only been running three
or four days a week.

EMPLOYMENT AT MANCHESTER.----The number work-
ing full time last week was 32,409; this week, 32,611;—
the number working short time last week, 5,127; this
week, 4,702 ;—showing an increase in those working full
time of 212, and a decrease of those working short time
of 425.

So large has been the supply of potatoes in the
Manchester market, this week, that good potatoes have
been sold as low as 7s. 6d. per load, of 2521b5. The breadth
sown by some individuals is almost incredible : a single
farmer, near High Legh, has planted no fewer than 2000
loads ; so that, with a fair crop, he may expect to gather
20,000 loads ! ! !

The Bolton Times, a. radical paper, expired on Satur-
day week. In its concluding number the editor says,
" There is no reform party to lead, no party to defend,
no party to support," and, 0 worse than all, so sunk are
the reformers in Bolton, as deposed to by one who knows
them well, that " their conduct as a party is not worthy
of support."

DISTRESSING EVENT.—On Thursday night or Friday
morning, at Manchester, Ann Davis, whose husband
died on the previous Tuesday, killed her child by drown-
ing it in a tub of water, and afterwards made attempts
to hang herself. She afterwards drowned herself in the
rain tub. Her grief for the loss of her husband:, which
was of the most poignant character, is supposed to have
overturned her reason.

SINGULAR ADVENTURE.—There is at present, a poor
woman in the Bolton Workhouse, who left her home
about a fortnight ago, and had an amusing adventure.
She is the wife of a gardener named Steward, residing in
Kearsley, and she left her house on Thursday fortnight
unobserved by any of the family, in order to visit Lady
Ellesmere, before whom she wished to lay some petition
or complaint. At the railway station at Clifden, the car-.
riage of Jacob Fletcher Esq., of Peel-hall, was in waiting
for a French gentleman, who was com.ng on a visit to Mr.
Fletcher. The gentleman in question arrived in the same
train as the poor lunatic, and being rather peculiarly
dressed, Mr. Fletcher's servants appear to have taken her
for a friend or companion of the foreign visitor. She
marched forward from the railway to Mr. Fletcher's car-
riage, followed by the Frenchman. When the gentleman
got into the carriage, he bowed to her with Parisian po-
liteness, under the impression that she was one of Mr.
Fletcher's household sent to escort him to Peel-hall.
When the carriage :arrived at Mr. Fletcher's residence,
the lunatic still passed as a friend of the French gentle-
man ; but a feeling of delicacy prevented either from ask-
ing for an explanation. At length the party sat down to
an elegant repast, when the conduct of the lunatic became
so marked and extraordinary that Mr. Fletcher and his
French friend looked at each other in mute astonishment.
An explanation ensued. The French gentleman declared
that he knew nothing of Mr. Fletcher's visitor, having
found her in the carriage when he entered. The poor
creature was then.requested to withdraw, but she was too
fond of her new quarters, and obstinately refused to move.
A policeman, however was sent for, who took the unfor-
tunate woman away.

THE TWELFTH .OF JULY-THE ORANGE

INSTITUTION

The Orange demonstration which took place in the
North of Ireland on the 12th instant, must, on several
accounts, be regarded as one of the most important events
of the times, Not meant, in the first instance, to be a
counteraction to the Confederate Club system which is
now pervading the country, it will eventually have that
effect ; for it displays the loyal and well-affected subjects-
of the Northern province in a state of organization, ar-
mament, and discipline (all gained from long experience)
far superior to any that can be suddenly arrayed against
the peace, order, and law, or the safety of the Crown and
Government of the realm. And we venture to say that,
let Her Majesty's Ministers frown as they may, or their
literary organs growl as they will, they would, one and
all of them—were they to speak the truth from their se-
cret heart—confess their deep satisfaction at a display of
loyalty, and an array of force, which gives such strength
to their hands in their endeavours to suppress treason,
and prevent an impending rebellion.
The Dublin papers overflow with accounts of the mag-
nitude and the sincerity of this great movement—the
order with which it was conducted—the unanimity which
pervaded the numerous assemblies—the loyalty which
marked all the speeches and proceedings, and the perfect
peace which prevailed in every direction, and at all times
of the day, and in all parts of the routes taken by the
several lodges to their respective rendezvous, whether
going or returning. We are not yet able to ascertain,
with a near approach to exactness, the aggregate number
of those who, at various distances scattered all over the
province of Ulster, assembled on this grand occasion. A
cotemporary calculates on it as exceeding 120,000. This
we are able to say, that the muster at several points, with
which we happen to be acquainted, greatly exceeded the
anticipations formed by persons thought to be well W.
quainted with the locality._

Many of the resident nobility and gentry (Lord Roden,

Hon. S. Maxwell, &c.) took their places amongst their
loyal countrymen ; and, in some instances, the clergy—
however naturally dis;ndined to mix themselves up in the
turmoils of politics—felt it their sacred' duty to identify
themselves with their parishioners, especially at a season
so critical as the present. " I am happy to say," (sloth
one of our correspondents, " that the greater part of the
gentry of this influential county are going to join the in-
stitution [the Orange] and become members of the grand
committee."

Indeed, from all that we can observe of the signs of
the times, and collect from the incidents of this great
demonstration, there is every likelihood that a very short
time, indeed, will elapse before we shall see the Orange
Institution placed upon a broader, firmer, and more ex-
tensive basis than ever. Does not the state of the country
demand it ?

We must, before we conclude, call attention to the fact,
that the legal and constitutional object of those assem-
blies was to adopt an address to her sacred Majesty, the
Queen, and that in no instance was this solemn duty neg-
lected.

We have only to repeat the gratifying fact, that in no
instance that we have heard was there the slightest ten-
dency to a breach of the peace. The meetings seem to
have inspired the well-affected peasantry with joy and
confidence.

CORRESPONDENCE,

THE WATER QUESTION.-LETTER II

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.
It is said that the opinion of the people respecting the.
increased supply of water to the town has been taken—
this statement is made in allusion to the course pursued
a short time since of sending policemen to make enquiries
at every house as to the supply of water and the wishes of
the inhabitants—what the result of this enquiry was I am
not aware—but there can be little doubt that the impres-
sion on the public mind then was, that the town was
really short of water, and that the new plans would sup-
ply the supposed defect and make water at the same time
much cheaper. They begin now, however, to doubt
whether the advantages thus held out may not prove
fallacious.
The advocates of the Rivington Pike water then may
ask us what we recommend. For my part it appears to
me that the feeling of the town has been too clearly ex-
pressed to leave much doubt as to which course they
would lean—but if the council are not satisfied of this let
them take some simple means of ascertaining in each
ward the wishes of the ratepayers.
What object are the people seeking to obtain ? Simply
this,—That such measures shall be adopted as shall prove
satisfactory whether the local supply is sufficient for the
town or not. We contend that this question is not
proved, and that there are grave reasons- why the new
project should not be persevered in until it is proved.
Is this unreasonable ? I will first consider what this en-
quiry will involve, and then attempt to shew the reasons
which make it one of rather serious importance. The
enquiry involves delay, and two circumstances have been
urged as arguments against delay.
First.—The Act limits the Corporation' to time in the
purchase of land, and in the completion of the works ;
and twelve months delay, (the least period required for a
satisfactory test of the local supply) would involve an Act
for extending the time of the present one. The answer
to this objection is, that there are quite sufficient grounds
why such an extension is reasonable, and would, therefore,
be granted—although I beileve a new Act might not.
Secondly.—lt is stated that if the Corporation do not
go on, a private company will start and carry out the
project, and thus- injure the Corporation Water-works,
and cause great embarrassment. I think a few minutes
consideration of the prospects of the gross receipts from
water rents will shew us the best security against any such
attempts.
These being the principal reasons against delay, let us
now tun to those which seem to favour such a step, and
we think they will be seen to be of a very serious nature—
should the time thus given hold out a prospect of post-
poning for some years the gigantic scheme which is now
contemplated.
The following simple table may give some general' idea
of the pecuniary position of the relative methods of sup-
ply. In considering this I shall follow the estimates given
in the parliamentary returns :

O 0 C. 0 I O 0 0 Cr llp 0 0 0 0 0
0 8 cz
co. cc
c> <=3. cr, cm op
... d. oil ,--. ,-7
c 3 c) c>
kn oo in 10, kr,. NI r-I
.1q
~.4.,
c p'=l . '.. .a) . P . n •

8 8
<?. G>B G,

ii

Z

~ U
~`~ ~~
d

4g.gg:
t.'gt4
4g4a4rin)

O.Et 0
0;40

0 0 G 7
C C C
47. kn c,

c 4
'°Y
I

!", t--'''--i r-.-.

o E B
c) -n I 0
Le,

1,--,-, ~.,...„,

.F gl
vs e 4
8 >, •
•,7 r: 1
8 a

: tv'
• E
;-• •

4,

4:5
51
70. C
it .4

tics g
""i • -
Ea n i gho 9 ›-. , 5.7 '• •49
c •e ,c 2
At. o °37'

•
Suppose the rents in both cases to be reduced, the de-
ficiency to be met by a rate, in the local supply, will be
£16,000 against £40,800 in the Rivington scheme; thus
shewing the utter fallacy of the promised reduction in the
rates.

But this is not all. I have only taken the parliamen-
tary estimates for the Rivington scheme. Is it prudent,
in such an undertaking, to look no further than this, when
universal experience teaches another lesson? Even if the
contracts were all made and signed, no reliance should be
placed on the result : and this implies no reflection on the
engineer ; for who can provide for the contingencies when
such a hornet's nest as this scheme opens out is once dis-
turbed. So that, taking the most favourable view of the
case, the new plans will require an increase, in either rents
or rates, of £24,000 per annum, while it is probable it
will be much greater.

Thus, again, supposing the local supply capable of be-
ing maintained for about fifteen years, the amount saved,
and the interest on the savings, would probably pay off
the whole of the amount at present chargeable to the wa-
ter account.

I am told, however, that another question may arise.
It is said that the water rate cannot, by act of parliament,
exceed the actual cost of watering streets, flushing sewers,
and extinguishing fires. This quantity may, I suppose,
be ascertained by calculating the actual amount of water
used for these purposes and. for private purposes, and
charging each account in proportion to the water con-
sumed. If this is the true construction of the question,
our position is as follows :—For example, supposing three-
fourths of the water used is for private account, and one-
fourth for public account, and taking my former calcula-
tion, which makes the gross receipts in round numbers at
£51,000, the water rate will consequently be £17,000—
total £6B,ooo—to meet £91,800, or a deficiency of
£23,800, which deficiency falls on the bondholders if the
above view is the correct one. But it must also be re-
membered, that my calculation is based on the most
favourable view of the case. It may, and probably will
be found, too favourable. On the other hand, the rents
will be gradually increasing, and the deficiency will be
constantly diminishing ; but how rapidly, and to what
extent, no man can say. And here let me ask two ques-
tions—(Have the rents of this year equalled those of last ?)
If not, the inference I wish to draw is but too plain.
Again, Is there any certainty, or I may say probability,
for some years, of being able to get even the small addi-
tional sum of £5OOO, which I have set down for manufac-
tories, should Rivington water be brought here ?
Having thus exhibited our position in a pecuniary
point of view, I must again briefly draw attention to the
prospects as to the quantity and quality of the water.
I have elsewhere given a rough calculation of our local
supply with the present works. I estimate the quantity
of water at present delivered to the town by all the wells
to be about 3,200,000 gallons, and with this the supply is
six days per week, and it includes the water for the
streets, which now must be a severe drain.
The wells, when pumped at the high levels, yield
4,670,000 gallons, and may, by borings and excavations,
in my opinion, be increased one-fourth, or 1,140,000
gallons—total, 5,810,000 gallons—thus showing a large
surplus over the demand.

This, with the aid of salt water for grosser purposes,
will probably be sufficient for ten or fifteen years—giving
as much as people can use.
And if such is the fact, what do we want with 16,000,000
gallons. All parties now, I presume, with a few trifling
exceptions which will always exist, get as much as they
require, while the Green Lane works are still in reserve.
But let me again refer to Mr. Booker's speech in the
Council, in which serious doubt is thrown on the regu-
larity of the supply from Rivington Pike—not only that
16,000,000 cannot always be relied upon, but that cases
may arise, of which there are recent examples, when the
water may not much exceed the amount required for
compensation. Once more, I call attention to Mr.
Booker's statement, against which I have seen no attempt
at a reply.
The quality of the water has also not been placed
beyond suspicion, although on this score, as well as on all
others, the objections have been greatly magnified—and
we regret this, as the public, constantly seeing exaggerated
statements, must suspect that they are strained too far,
and thus lose all confidence in those by whom they would
otherwise be guided—not that this evil has been confined
to the opponents of the Rivington scheme, for even in the
Council we see an importance attached to mere frivolous
matters that gives the whole question a strong tincture of
partizanship. Tdo not mean to question the possibility
of bringing a good supply of good water from Rivington ;
but I mean to question the certainty of it, and the benefit
to be derived to the town should it ever come, while an,
immense outlay is inevitable.

There may be a question raised as to the dependencelo
be placed even on our local supTily. I quite agree toihis ;
but we may carry it a little further, and ask where isthere
a certainty in any thing connected with this material
world ? We do not presume to do more than appeal to a
balance of probabilities, grounded on well-attoted expe-
rience—and here we have a case.

Our local supply is of the same nature, that it was fifty
years ago; the demand has coritinu,sity been increasing,
while the supply has kept pace wit} The. wiva. is ignx

July 18, 184 S.

better supplied than it ever Wa3, and we have a larger sur-
plus than at any other period. No well-designed attempt
to improve the supply, as far as I can learn, has ever
failed. When new works are sunk the wells in the neigh-
bourhood are drained, but in general the supply is restored
when the lodzes of :the public wells are kept well filled,
and at a little extra expense in sinking or boring.
Again, looking at the quality of our present supply, we
all know what it is. For drinking purposes it is not to be i
surpassed in the world, and, when not mismanaged, s
perfectly free from animalcula. It has, till now, been the
boast of our townsmen and the admiration of strangers.
Softer water may be found to make better tea, and to re-
quire less soap in washing, but who cares to drink it ? I
have tasted the best water to be found in any of the
streams at Rivington, and it is far from agreeable. The
country people seldom drink it when they can get a spring'
within a reasonable distance. There is, also, no certainty
of the quality being preserved, during hot weather, in the
reservoirs. The experience we have to guide us on this
point is not wholly favourable.

- I have thus attempted fairly and candidly to place
some of the leading features of this question before the
public. There are still some points of comparatively rayn
nor importance ; these, however, should not be passed
unnoticed, and will be resumed in my next letter. M
the same time I propose to lay bare a few of those points
which h9ve been started,. and unduly magnified, with the'
view of diverting at tention from the main facts, and stop-
ping the clamour that has been raised against the Riving-'
ton water works. The se will be styled " falhicies."

JOHN GRANTHAM,

P. S.—ln these letters I have not thought it dQ;;l7.de to'
break the thread of my remarks by noticing any of the
observations of anon), mous writers in other papers.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD,

Sir,—Respecting a paragraph now appearing in the
papers of a Yacht upsetting off East Hoyle, I wish to
observe that she is not a Yacht;. but merely an open
shrimping boat. Had she been constructed on the
principle of the smallest Yacht in- the R.M.Y.C. this
accident could not have occurred.—l'remain, yours truly,'
HENRY MELIING, Hon. Sec.
Royal Mersey Yacht Club, Liverpool,
July 17, 1848.

ROYAL AG-ICITLTURAL SOCIETY &F ENGLAND

The actual proceedings of this meeting commenced on
Tuesday. The implement yard was thrown open, and the
trials of implements commenced. The Duke of Cambridge,
the Dukes of Richmond, Buckingham, &c., and various
other visitors of distinction, had arrived, and most of the
first agriculturists in, the kingdom were present. The
appearance of the city of York was very peculiar—the
streets were almost tenantless.

implement Sh'ow.—There is this year again a progressive
increase in the number of exhibitors, who now amount to
158 firms, displaying all varieties of implements and ma-
chines for farming- purposes. The silver medal was
awarded to Mr. T. Chandler, of Stockton, for his liquid
manure drill ; and Mr. Stratton, of Bristol, gained a pre-
mium of £lO for the best waggon, and £2O for the best
thrashing machine. Mr, Paul, near Scole, Norfolk; exhi-
bited a patent deep draining and subsoil raising machine,
which was said would, by a single operation, cut a drain
from three to five feet in depth at the rate of four feet per
minute, leaving it with a level bottom for the tiles to rest
upon. Mr. Hornsby was awarded a premium of £l5 for
the best drill for general purposes. This implement is an
improvement upon that which has already been successful
on former similar occasions. At noon, Mr. Mechi deli-
vered a brief lecture to a respectable body of agriculturists,
in the Merchants'-hall, Fossgate, on the subject of ma-
nures. The Duke of Richmond presided. Mr. Mechi
strongly advocated the system of feeding with corn, the
farmer breeding his own cattle, and raising manure from
their feed ; and also the system of burning earth as a ma-
nure, and cutting the weeds from the hedge-row, and
mixing them in the compost heaps on the farm. Several
gentlemen took part in the discussion which ensued, and
the meeting separated after voting thanks to Mr. Mechi for
his lecture, and to the noble chairman for presiding.
The implement yard, was on Wednesday crowded with
people. Prince Albert arrived, and the Lord Mayor and
Corporation of the city presented a loyal address to his
Royal Highness. The Prince was received at Rugby by
Mr. Hudson, as chairman of the Midland and York and
North Midland Railways. The special engine by which
he was conveyed, with the Prince's banner and a union-
jack surmounting it, arrived at York at twenty minutes to
three o'clock, considerably behind the time at which it
had been expected. Shortly after his arrival, Prince Al-
bert visited the cattle-yard, the judges having previously'
made their award of prizes. His Royal Highness was ac-
companied by the President of the Society, the Earl of
Yarborough, and other distinguished persons. At six
o'clock the Council dinner took place in the Guildhall,
which was entirely filled by the company. Upwards of
300 noblemen and gentlemen sat down to dinner; Prince
Albert occupied a seat on the right of the President. The
health of the Queen having been drunk with much enthu-
siasm, the President proposed that of the Royal family, a
compliment which was briefly acknowledged by his Royal
Highness Prince Albert in appropriate terms.
A discussion was then introduced by the President, re-
lating to the best way of rearing cattle from the time of
birth till they were a year old. Mr. Thompson, Sir T.
Sykes, Mr. Turner. of Exeter; Mr. Shaw, of Northamp-
ton ; Mr. Barnat, Mr. Mechi, and others, addressed the
company on the subject. There seemed to exist conside-
rable difference of opinion among them as to the best
mode of calf-rearing. Some advocate high feeding with
an early weaning ; others, early weaning, an attention to
cleanliness, and exercise out of doors in fine weather;
while some recommend an adherence, as nearly as possi-
ble, to the laws of nature, and dwelt upon the analogies of
child-rearing. Mr. Turner's and Mr. Mechi's observa-
tions seemed to be most favourably received. The spea-
kers had to compress their observations within 15 minutes.

SILVER MEDALS

•
Mr. Croskill, Norwegian harrow ; Mr.. Smith, of Stam-
ford,) hay-making machine; Mr. Hensman, horse-rake;
Mr. Garrett, horse hoe on the flat ; Mr. Busby,
horse boo
on the ridge; Mr. Busby, grass land cultivator; Messrs.
Sharman and Co., linseed and corn, crusher ; Mr. Thos.
Chandler, liquid manure drill; Mr. Comes, chaff cutter;
Mr. W. N. Nicholson, cake breaker ;;Mr: Croskill, root
washer ; Messrs. Dean, Dray, and CO., cesspool and
tank cleanser; Mr. Bruckshaw, cheese press; Mr. Sum-
mers, shock remover; Mr. Blundell, level; Mr. Howe,
for his improvements in the transparent water gauge as
attached to the steam engine ; Mr. R. Robinson, steaming
apparatus.

-Amongst the exhibitors were our ingenious townsmen,
Messrs. Cartmel, of 34, London-road, and Messrs. Robert
Elliott and Son, Oxford-street North ; the former,
amongst other implements, exhibiting, a three-knife bar
cutter, which has won five prizes ; a machine for kibbeling
oats, which has received thirteen prizes; and an excellent
turnip cutter, to which has been awarded seven premiums-
The latter had some excellent ploughs and drilling ma-
chines, the drilling machines being adapted to sow the
seed and manure, (such as guano, &c.) in combination, a
practise common in all the agricultural districts of
England, and which we hope to see generally adopted in.
Lancashire in a few years.