The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-09-05 00:00:00

CLERICAL INTELLIGENCE.

The Church Pastoral Aid Society has received the libe:
ral donation from G. Horrocks, Esq. of one thousand
pounds.

The Deanery of Carlisle has become vacant by the
death of Very Rev. Dr. Cramer, who was appointed to
the office by the Crown in 1844, on the death of the Very
Rev. Dr. Hodgson, rector of St. George's, Hanover-
square. The appointment is worth nearly £2OOO per
annum.

The petition presented to the House of Lords on Tues-
day, from certain of the clergy, praying that in any
Church Dicipline Bill, " heresy" may be defined to con-
sist in any contravention of the doctrine of the Articlesr
though hastily prepared, and without any publicity, was
signed by three deans, six archdeacons, and 1,640 of the
parochial clergy.
At a Diocesan Synod, held at St. Andrew's Episcopal
Church, Glasgow, on the 30th ult., the Rev. Walter John
Trower, A.M., late fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, Rec-
tor of Wiston, Sussex, and Rural Dean in the diocese ot.
Chichester, was elected Bishop of the united diocese of
Glasgow and Galloway. Mr. Trower is a man of very
Themmisstiwoneenrtsy
high standing in the Church of England. :
Majesty
Yt
9
0
commissioners for
building
gnunalew churchesreportof h(eprresMenatj
parliament) has just been printed. In the last reportci!
was stated that 391 churches had been completed, in will11
accommodation was afforded for 440,957 persons, includ-
ing
251,388 free seats, appropriated to the use of the poor.
The commissioners state that thirty additional Churches
eluding 19,369 free seats, for the use of the poor: In the
Iva.. 111.1.71 rr.rn platcvd , v•nn i fu zz,cao per.vast
whole 420 churches have now been completed, and pro-
vision has therein been made for 464,608 persons, includ-
ing 267.767 free seats for the poor.

1845. Sept. 5, 1848 a
.......00
..---- 16--1-..,_______—„,____—....„
it the:pisin_,-. Itteraturr. 1 ICE IN THE HOT ASHES OF MOUNT ET
crer is about five hundred feet ee at tt
jurYlawhilw -.e.
the guides); but I think this musdt be mea
pported the POETRY. slope of the funnel. I could not, how(
bottom, owing to volleys of sulphureous s frs counsel. THE << IRISH PATRIOT'S" DREAM. up ever and anon, accompanied by a rumb
,fence, and 4111' Hit se .
-. .. GREEN, A PRIVATE IN THE 17TH LANCERS. occasionally by a slight vibration of the gro
'hew to the
st occasion, Ant—. I dreamt I dwelt in marble halls."
' 'I dreamt that I dwelt on " Tara" hill. Here I found, amid warm ashes, on the sic
that it was With thousands of friends at my side, ter within, heavy crystals of ice set all at
, And. I . gazed on the glittering pikes and guns curved like sharks' teeth. I picked up one
due tolfr•
walnut, and asked the guide if he could a
lot owe gr. ~. had a Munster monarch's pride. presence. Far be it from him to give a '
At the time . . "Meagher," and "Lane," and " O'Donhogue," And a thousand chiefs untold, anything of the sort; it would derogate fr
re the OW' Who knelt at my feet and tendered me
A crown of glittering gold. of Etna. It reminded me of a chemic
land; on *
played off by a French savant at one of the
ned counsel Alethought I advanced on England's hosts, ziati" meetings. He made water freeze in
the Pers°/1 Q Apd her legions quaked to see The silver of platina being brought to a i
law to alr" 'men gallant foes, and fled before drops of water are thrown in, which do not
'awe before -
__ Ourmountain chivalry; jump about. Sulphuric acid is now poure
that a roan /or with " O'Brien" at their head, the act of boiling produces so intense a c
e summon ...
Tnkae, and oh ! my bursting heart. The feeble could not fail.
summons'l . engagement of its latent heat, that the dr
once turns to ice. I opine the chemical p
„_ INv sin Kilmainham gaol.
fin for 0° 4,o)at Barracks, Dublin, August 17th, 1848. be the same, only on Nature's grand scale.
sported the •49.- mists supply the moisture, and within the
,
VARIETIES. no lack of sulphureous mixture boiling a!
hence as hot fumes ascend, the crystals of i
d a verdict
tated. If any one rejects this solution of r
."
•AnYthin for a quiet life," is the Englishman's
blotto .
find a better, remembering that they are t
cum, :stanya.gthing but a quiet life," is the Irishman's.
pieces of ice forming on a bed of warm ashes
• rt ti
LNcE....,0-:
sirord, and AtAxim.—The tongue of women is their
pie of " disengagement of latent heat" ma
.A ,they never suffer it to grow rusty.
rsmith and
account for the severity of the cold felt on I
N. ECCLESIASTICAL DROVER. We We hear, on very
set in this far greater than is due to its elevation.—Fs
iti°d oUthoritY," says the Tablet.. " that Dr. Ullathorne
ors of the
on Italy and Sicily.
arrived in London with the bulls from Rome !"
recover the
svgA_GßAms.—Revolution—To love ruin. Universal
road fun---Guess a fearful ruin. Radical Reform—Rare THE REGIUM DONUM.
ad insured
Teler°lle,. Annual Parliament—l am an unreal plant.
part of the
A, Gooas—Great helps. Old England—Golden land. A very amusing scene was exhibited in t
Larch last/
with Mr; Burr Po REMARK.—The Boston Courier says, " Aaron Commons on Wednesday week, on the occ
se _ (lied a Christian, according to the New York Times. grant of £1695, to be applied as the Regis
lock, and tianu'llch the better for himself. If he had lived a Chris- Dissenting Ministers, of different denomin(
d to be on
74.11°W much better it would have been for the world !". land. Tis true that this grant is not " old ) the Fire be There is
er the en- this difference between happiness and wisdom:, it has, however, no claim to be regarded of
bat
Lat thinks himself the happiest man, really. lishnient ; and although there has never fa
`ely elan-
r.... ne that thinks himself the wisest is generally just the succeeding year of its apportionment, to
IS done to ur-rse,
" pious hands" in horror of its defilement,
THE
to sa, CIRCLE OF HUMANITY.—FeneIon was accustomed such an irrefutable condemnation of the c
le value of
try bl 2, ' I love my family better than myself; my coup- support of what is called the " voluntary
Country than my family ; and mankind better than my there has also never failed to be found more
urged at
and : for lam more a Frenchman than a Fenelon ; candidates to participate in sharing in tl
produced p more a man than a Frenchman." . thing." For the grant in 1847, we find it st,
were pun- PROGNOSTICATION AT FAULT.—It is generally consi- Presbyterian Ministers, 443 Independent M
formatioB
..de,red that the appearance of the oak in leaf before the 461 Baptist Ministers, were content to subm
' got. A nels a certain sign of a dry summer. This has signally proach which is well due to those who preach
rom Lon- 4411 din 1848 ; the oak tested nearly six weeks before the of morals and practise another; and yet we h
procured alh, yet the summer has been a remarkable wet one. that the recipients of last year, will be as ea;
the stock LORD MORPETH IN A NEW CHARACTER.—By an a- their quotas from the present year's distribi
00. The musing typographical blunder, occasioned by the disar- amount that each receives, cannot possibly 1
was an- ran of two lines, the Leeds Mercury represented if it could be taken thankfully, and not al
e dispute " the Right Hon. Lord MorPeth, M.P.," to be Sub-Edi- wards to be made a subject for hypocritical
tor (late principal reporter) of the Leeds Mercury." everything opposed to voluntaryism is wont t
Transatlantic editors are often amusingly personal— very classes who profit by its violation,) n
amusingly to those whom it concerns not. We quote the greatly begrudge the grant, but it is " too ba
-Louisville Journal, e. g.:—" Chapman, of the Indiana- sons to act as curs in snarling and biting at
excursion Pefts.Sentinel, says that Mr. Van Buren has ' the. mar k benefactors, and as spaniels to lick the hand
, uain o'clock'upon his brow.' Chapman has the mark of a tribute the favours of those same benefactors
in. "od many, canes-upon his back. A LAnesday night Mr. Charles Lushington wa
'dnesdalt for, ~.„ Dv s GRATITUDE.—The Gentleman's Magazine mouthpiece of the voluntaries to implore the
.ajesty: kie'see records the marriage of Thomas Gilbert, Esq., to
Prize rinhitilliPs' to omit the Reqium Donum grant from the
y foreie a young lady who had just drawn a £lO,OOO- which it was intended to be voted ; and N
jesty wla fve„,„ le state lottery. The ticket had been a present made himself a very knight errant in volunto
Devon- he u qr. Gilbert, and she thus satisfactorily expressed by undertaking that the sum should be mi
r gratitude. another source. Lord John Russell, howe's
Stowe is, all th CURlOUS,! IF TRUE.—It is a curious fact that nearly has had tolerable practice for gaining experil
le sale of this e births in the animal world (at least in England) ing the sincerity of the professors of the volut
Dornwall shojear, are of the male gender. The registrar's return ple) most uncivilly declined to allow an opp
aa,o"'s a majority of men-children, in most districts ; and such a display of high-minded indifference t
town on littl ngst the cattle, sheep, &c., the farmers say there is ment grant; and what must have been mor
['hey ai.',- e else but male produce. he added to his offence, by observing, "if
iblin via. AN
whi_, ti.rr DRAMA.—The church books of Tewkesbury,
. any security that these sums to poor ministt
FridaY bih,(,:° have been preserved for a considerable period, ex- made up by the Dissenting body, he would 1
?tion 00 plate
AtZethe following entry :—"A. D. 1571: Paid, for the grant from the government." There's an est
!'s gear, six sheep skins for Christe's garments." value in which the Dissenters' own champion
are
the an inventory forming part of the same collection abhorrence of government grants, and their re
ties' e words—" Order eight heads of hair for the epos- to provide for their discontinuance. But th
Aa,rtind ten beards, and a face (or visor) for the devil." one other way left to the voluntaries, in which
he lib& tie' r•OUBLESOME CONGREGATION.—One Sunday, when have made their consistency appear less in'
housand !ab,..tr,linister of Udny entered the kirk, he was no less they might have mustered strong on the divisi
10.1',11sed than indignant to find that " daft Jamie Flem- of which, they only reckoned 28 votes, the nu
g had t •
by the Jamie Own possession of the pulpit. " Come doon, sed to them being 60, thus making the majori
,nted to ,Taeln : said his reverence. " Come ye up, sir (answered of the pretendedly not wanted grant 32.
he VerY sir, .17_,, • they're a stiff-neckit and rebellious generation,
anover- AZ it will tack us baith to manage them."
?000 per atreetswANsaA OPINION.—Two old ladies meeting in the SCOTLAND AND IRELAND
aociat, et Swansea, during the meeting of the British As-
n Tues. utaismn there, one asked the other the meaning of all the (From the Times.)
not in any do "al stir' and who were the parties that made it ?" I There is a country far poorer than Irelanc
to con- treatknow, „ was the reply, " but lam told there are a gifts—with bleaker mountains—.a.. more. Ate
rticlesr elainrinanY professors among them." " Professors !" ex.. ruder clime, and one half of its inhabitants
ty, was cd
.. Ali, the other; " I do bate professing !" same stock and inheriting the same traits a
I d the find r,—,.,r IMPORTATION INTO HULL.—About 1595, we peasantry of Ireland. This once, like Ireland
Of elee --red in the household book of the Cliffords, a sum separate and. distinct independence under
eiscopal bougivlpen Shillings " for six cabbages and some caret roots, Crown. Like Ireland, it was united to Eng]
dry- Jon
w„lletie; at Hull." They were imported from Flanders, the prejudices and predilections of a majority '
Rev HI., haeel'en Queen Catherine, in the reign of Henry bitants. Like Ireland, its patriots mourned t]
reuse of general] her salads. Potatoes and turnips were not union as a day of funeral and fatal calamity. L
ocese of 4 Y kno izabeth. vrii, even to the gardener, until the reign of -it augured from connexion with England d
of Yen' Is it, poverty, and abject slavery. Like Ireland i
paced KID
A TEST OF TRUTH ?—lt is a much-dis- like Ireland, it was put down again. Lila
ajestys To , cleestion.
ited to whether or not ridicule be a test of truth. waned and declined in prosperity for the fir:
the ~L.he question appears rnswered by saying, that if after the Union.. Like Ireland, it believed
.ito
eport it tlarow'u,,iellle be developed ab intra from the argument—not and weal to he implicated and wrap.ped up in
1 which
latent °n °4 it ab extra—it is a test. If a wit descries the sion of its native Senate and the tinsel moc
indud- it, he ;ILbsurdity grinning under a moral mask, and exposes mimic Court. But, unlike Ireland—when 1
e poor.
and 04 confuted the argument ; and if he himself grins rejected—when force was beaten down—when i
lurches
,us, in" has macs faces at the mask, he may excite laughter, but
andwa quelled—when treason wag punkt-10(1,h,
In. the n.,:', rried confutation.—Athenantmconspiracies of five-and-forty years lay
..he-1/PBRE's AN HONOUR !—Our amusing contemporary, under the gory turf
.of Cuhlloden or under th
nd pro- )4_ Life, talking of the " Manchester and Salford Kennington and. Carhae—t en,. when treason,
includ-
,Tgatta " ~threw and sedition an unmeaning sound, Scot] 407er wit'h --'s, " The Earl of Ellesmere honoured the
her heart and energies to grapple with Engle
wo„,
if his presence on board the steamer, &c. We
fields and another
. contest of a peaceful emu
do 'tier the river was sensible of the honour ! They
civic competition. They won from England as
titi,,StabY, it has grown so proud since, that it will not bear
men the rewards and prizes which England an
tai: "nig under a Duke now. A party of merchants yen.
87,236- le ed out last Saturday, and were only saved from drown- men had proposed to the common ambition of
Agnew gbY there b • of baronet in the boat.—
Pun c 4 being the son a countries. They won places of high trust and
s, by a , l'n„ n mend in the furthest East and the remotest V
0„ - ,OND OF THE HOUSE.—The English term "hue- new accession of dominion, and each new fie]
k Rail- a:4l,d" is derived from the Anglo-Saxon words hus and merce, and each new gate of honour, saw the
14.'m bans, which signify the " bond of the house;" and side by side with his English contemporary, 51
rug the
8",,1.Y.as anciently spelt " hounebend," and continued to be struggling, and often winning in the great
Level
,felt thus in some editions of the English Bible, after the
.atre, . The Senate saw a BUTE and a MELVILLE w]
6 unction of printing. A husband, then, is a house- patronage of the Treasury and the Marine-
-the bond of a house—that which engirdles the
,r..ilY into the union of oneness of love. Wife and chit- saw a MURRAY and an ERSKINE and a WE
ippear'
administering justice in Westminster Hall—as
Le tem- • 'en, and " stranger within the gates."—all their inte-
ttolts and their happiness are encircled in the " house- LONY, an ABERCROMBY, and a GRAHAME, lea(
AC for 's'.' embrace,. the objects of his especial care. What troops to glory and conquest—and every dep,
sive of alineim, picture is this of a husband's duty, and a family's our public service in Europe and Asia fill,
sturdy sons of that race:whom connexion wi,
npanYt '"vuege !
was to have doomed to servility, penury, ar bYAGEs ix AUSTRALIA.—The great variation of wages
eRa izy b.e learned from the fact that, during five years, they Nor were the signs of this prosperity unfelt in
ries t°
lito-Zioafrom £35 to £l7 for shepherds, with rations ; land of her most prosperous and adventurous sc
sow and Greenock and Paisley sprung up i
ing the
'QS; ben, from £36 to £25 ; bullock-drivers, £35 to Manchester, Liverpool, and Leeds. Edinburg
vzs to ullock watchmen, £25 to £l7 ; sheep watchmen,
applied, into the magnificence of a goodly capital, wt
it Lora to 3f).17 ' hut-keepers, £25 to £l5 - carpenters, £7O might admire and London would do well to E
of the Pot, a bur these wages include a hut, 'frying-pan, iron- fat fields of the Lothians became, under the
ens for Pot,
11,e,,t, and a tin dish, with 101bs. of flour, 101bs. enterprise and the irrigation of capital, synoi
Lob , -2,,Jc.t. of , .t• of (and
ace() and sugar, tio. tea, some people give good husbandry and teeming produce. Withil
d fro An. *,
.4-6... s and I,°°.°P) weekly. At chi present time,.dlB4B,) dyed years from her last rebellion Scotland 1
ne Cl' ~,,,,si,,ca. rations are at the ghest rate.—Si ne y 8 more real power, more solid importance, a
iding ° a align LATEand-book.
taZ Iti- wealth than she could singly have achieved in
) miles Si-on ie .....R. GEORGE STEPHENSON —On one oc- under the most fortunate dynasty or the mos
re than t4iabsd hisZi. Stephensoncame in contact with a gentleman Legislature.
An witi-,'ellt an hotel, whom he entertained for some

JuNc.-
this
°cal'
of the
►t they
been
d with•
ing the

cLe u
tolasintit H
MANlTY.—Fenelon was accustomed
ay'" I love my family better than myself; my coins-
-, better thanmy family ; and mankind better than my
c"ntrY :
admanfr I more a Frenchman than a Fenelon ;
h
andctinore
Pan
consi-
-GNOSTICATION AT FAULT.—It is generally
that the appearance of the oak in leaf before the
s certain s ipgpn of a dry summer. This has signally
failed in 1848 ; the oak leafed nearly six weeks before the
all, yet the summer has been a remarkable wet one.
LORD MORPETH IN A NEW CHARACTER.—By an
a-
Zihising typographical blunder, occasioned by the disar-
rangement of two lines, the Leeds Mercury represented
"the Right Hon. Lord Morpeth, M.P.," to be Sub-Edi-
tor (late principal reporter) of the Leeds Mercury!'
Transatlantic editors are often amusingly persona
%Musingly to those whom it concerns not. Weuote the
toui.veille Journal, e. g.:—" Chapman, of the , Indiana-
polis Sentinel, says that Mr. Van Buren has the mark
°f Cain upon his brow.' Chapman has the mark of a
geod many canes-upon his back."
f(lt ILDy
'S GRATITUDE.—The Gentleman's Magazine
prNT-ic6l records the marr'age of Thomas Gilbert, Esq., to
rhillipS, a young lady who had just drawn a -XlO,OOO
in the state lottery. The ticket had been a present
ningrailltirt.uZbert, and she thus satisfactorily expressed
ueor
aIITIII:I,PYS' TRUE.—. It is a curious fact that nearly
this births in the animal world (at least in England)
11, )Year, are of the male gender. The registrar's return
an,„"s majority of men-children, in most districts ; and.
iit'engst the cattle, sheep, &c., the farmers say there is
tiee_l_se but male produce.
DRAMA.—The
church books of Tewkesbury,
hib'eh have been preserved for a considerable period, ex-
mavite the following entry :—"A. D. 1571: Paid, for the
Atw' Igear, six sheep skins for Christe's garments."
n an inventory forming part of the same collection
t 1 a the words—" Order eight heads of hair for the epos-
and ten beards, and a face (or visor) for the devil."
IV TROUBLESOME CONGREGATION.—One Sunday, when
„111 Minister of Udny entered the kirk, he was no less
inri,),rised than indignant to find that " daft Jamie Jag
-
Jag had taken possession of the pulpit. ".Come doon,
Ja„sn!e, said his reverence. " Come ye up, sir (answered
they're a stiff-neckit and rebellious generation,
it will tack us baith to manage them."
stre„,;.3wANseA OPINION.—Two old ladies meeting in the
at Swansea, during the meeting of the British As-
-„:"on there, one asked the other the meaning of all the
donal stir, and' who were the parties that made it ? " I
trenot know,'
was the reply, " but I am told there a
clajarnt In,anY professors among them." " Professors ! ' ex_
Z' the other ; " I do hate professing !"
find 'IENT IMPORTATION INTO HULL.—AbOlat 1595, we
of ete'ntered in the household book of the Cliffords, a sum
bon„iylen shillings " for six cabbages and some caret roots,
whe7ost. et Hull." They were imported from Flanders,
tVeinlelr.4Bed'en Queen Catherine, in the reign of Henry
Elizabaet/knhoz,salads. Potatoes and turnips were not
even to the gardener, until the reign of
Is /tn.,'"
Auted -"'IcULE A TEST OF TRUTH ?—lt iS a much-dis-
To
us qeestion. whether or not ridicule be a test of truth.
the ,I.the question appears rnswered by saying, that if
throwuieule be developed ab intra from the argument—not
lateotn,°n it ab extra—it is a test. If a wit descries the
he ,aosurdity grinning under a moral mask, and exposes
and „`'S, confuted the argument ; and if he himself grins
makes faces at the mask, he may excite laughter, but
bas carried confutation.—Athenapum.
IIeIPIE.S AN HONOUR !—Our amusing contemporary, D,, Life, talking of the " Manchester and Salford "'vgait," says
"Th Earl of Ellesmere honoured the
river with his Presence on board the steamer, &c. We
-uer if the river was sensible of the honour !
.They
° saY it has grown so proud since, that it will not bear
,_llll3lthing under a Duke now. A party of merchants yen.
rred out last Sat da and were only saved from drown-
r
pily ,
ugnehl there beingu the son of a baronet in the boat.—
12,E BOND OF THE HOUSE.—The English term " hus-
-14'4 is derived from the Anglo-Saxon words hug and
and • bona, which signify the " bond of the house ;" and
" Was anciently spelt " housebond," and continued to be
14t?et thus in some editions of the English Bible, after the
roduction of printing. A husband, then, is a house-
.rnatl---the bond of a house—that which engirdles the
nily into the union of oneness of love. Wife and chil-
i, and " stranger within the gates,"—all their inte,
fists and their happiness are encircled in the " house-
, .ild's" embrace, the objects of his especial care. What
,trille picture is this of a husband's duty, and a family's
wlvdege !
I,74'th..WaGes IN AUSTRALIA.--The great variation of wages
atoetabe learned from the fact that, during five years, they
from £35 to £l7 for shepherds, with rations ;
t25.11;1en, from £36 to £25; bullock-drivers, £35 to
25,tooullock watchmen, £25 to £l7 ; sheep watchmen,
to ; hut-keepers, £25 to £l5 • carpenters, £7O
Pot, a huctli these wages include a hut, 'frying-pan, iron-
Meat, pietst, and a tin dish, with 101bs. of flour, 101bs.
tobacco and of sugar, +lb. of tea, (and some people give
*ages -"" SGaP) weekly. At the present time, 1848)
AustralianaP rations are at the highest rate.—Sidney's
I,llifand-book.
(48.104%11ATE MR. GEORGE STEPHENSON.—On one oc-
haitd his r• Stephenson came in contact with a gentleman
tt,e wife at an hotel, whom he entertained for some
the At I..with his shrewd observations and playful sallies.
vn r. 4. .
• tt,bLq the lady became curious to know the name. of
,geteBB"znger with the penetrating eye, and unostentatious
• call " Why, Madam," was his reply, " they used
near Ic,g Stephenson, but they now call me
tii tePhenson, Esquire, of Tapton House,
'Lined e.steefield. And further, let me say, that I've
Nooswitch princes, and peers, and commoners,—with
ve O, all classes, from the highest to the humblest ;
4,1 divedhan off a red herring when seated in a hedge bottom,
t,insialo„., gonalle through the meanest drudgery I've seen
its phases, and the conclusionl've arrived
Treece „hat if we were all stripped, there's not much
the
t" IM—Everybody has heard and made use of
4t its
"true blue ;" but everybody does not know
ilt nn to the assumption was by the Covenanters in opposi-
(ea b 'le scarlet badge of Charles 1., and hence it was
e adj the troops of Lesley and Montrose, in 1639.
8311triesi?ticin of the colour was one of those religious pe-
krp4,ll° Which the Covenanters affected a pharisaical
141:rewsee of the scriptural letter, and the. usages of the
std .; and thus, as they named the children Habak-
titey de <derubabel, and their chapels Zion and Ebenezer,
kt,,falloelr.ated their persons with blue. ribbons, because
te5...:41°3 SUmptuary precept was given in the law of
te4e ~°Peak to the children of Israel and tell them to
I.lltBo, liaemselves fringes on the borders of their gar-
-4'(lol,Clltting in them ribbons of blue." Num. xv. 38.
Of 4.)LkTR, AND THE LOTTERY.—EarIy in the
ta4.er th "rge 11. the footman of a lady of quality,
e absurd infatuation of a dream, disposed of tho
tltte,,kets, It.he last 20 years of his life in two lottery
foe he 1,-,"‘lch proving blanks, after a few melancholy
th„,°Win,"‘,en end to his life. In his box was found the
ve'dtve ji,Plan of the manner in which he should spend
iron 4 a 'g/tisarld. pound prize, which his mistress preser-
Ntley curiosity :—" As soon as I have received the
I a "11l marry Grace Towers • but as she has been
sh " gill
11114„ e will use her as a servant. Every morn-
„,`, get me a mug of strong beer, with a toast,
he 'en g, and sugar in it • then I will sleep till ten, after
,44:41 thelltlahha, have a large' sack posset.. My dinner shall
I mbute by one, and never without a good pud-
,stinf:t five i'„" have a stock of wine and brandy laid in.
tallo,`,_the afternoon I will have tarts and jellies,
her bowl IFT"wl.of punch ;at ten, a hot supper of two
tivet sha am in a good humour, and Grace behaves
ve."„if shall sit down with me. To bed about
1'4414 lo"e's Every Day Book.
lateNtin.,AN AND THE SEA.—I became acquainted
eonv in ts' !landsome. fashionable count, who mixed
end ersati_ riglish society in Rome. During an evening's
Nl:aun, he remarked, he had never beheld the sea,
41471 U desire to do so. I observed that this was
ontited a e sea was but a few miles distant; and if he
aiwol,augheaPort, Civita Vecchi was not far off. The
Itot1;1' h tehd• " I made an effort to accomplish it, but
tilath , doeu en said, " You English, who travel over the
tildllwirtht to
visit now our system. I. applied. lately for a
k (!kt Whop., Coast ; the officials inquired my age,
nith7..frolo icved ; I said, with my mother. A. cer-
nit toy mother was demanded, verifying the
3_glesB'esiased"4.leluent. I brought it ; the passport was
t: tillsweredl Was asked who was my parish priest
lot they romo , a certificate from him was required, as
do g Ptiegei °f .I,IY being allowed to leave Rome. I
8 real peps: rt!ficate ; they then told me in the office
tll'itliBtn!l for nyr_ering, that really they saw no necessity
wpthe_.,,lt was 0. roaming about the country just then,
144 He
the for me to remain at home with my
govern 'nen muttered, " The priest, the priests,
n4ut 4 the. r
Sra eel e 8 Italy.

OF THE WORKING CLASSES

(From Blackwood's Magazine.)

ed the
duct of
Ills Vl'
an au:

June'
Lion of
report►
)e

ICE IN THE HOT ASHES OF MOUNT ETNA.—The fah
crater is about five hundred feet deep at this time (so say
the guides); but I think this must be measured down the
slope of the funnel. I could not, however, see to the
bottom, owing to volleys of sulphureous smoke, whirling
up ever and anon, accompanied by a rumbling noise, and
occasionally by a slight vibration of the ground underfoot.
Here I found, amid warm ashes, on the slope of the cra-
ter within, heavy crystals of ice set all at one angle, and
curved like sharks' teeth. I picked up one bit as big as a
walnut, and asked the guide if he could account for its
presence. Far be it from him to give a " rationale" of
anything of the sort; it would derogate from the dignity
of Etna. It reminded me of a chemical experiment
played off by a French savant at one of the late " Scien-
ziati" meetings. He made water freeze in a red hot cup.
The silver of platina being brought to a red heat, a few
drops of water are thrown in, which do not evaporate, but
jump about. Sulphuric acid is now poured in, which in
the act of boiling produces so intense a cold by the dis-
engagement of its latent heat, that the drop of water at
once turns to ice. I opine the chemical process here to
be the same, only on Nature's grand scale. The morning
mists supply the moisture, and within the crater there is
no lack of sulphureous mixture boiling as in a retort ;
hence as hot fumes ascend, the crystals of ice are precipi-
tated. If any one rejects this solution of mine, let them
find a better, remembering that they are to account for
pieces of ice forming on a bed of warm ashes. This princi-
ple of " disengagement of latent heat" may also help to
account for the severity of the cold felt on Etna, which is
far greater than is due to its elevation.—Francis's Notes
on Italy and Sicily.

A very amusing scene was exhibited in the House of
Commons on Wednesday week, on the occasion of the
grant of £1695, to be applied as the Regium Donum to
Dissenting Ministers, of different denominations in Ire-
land. Tis true that this grant is not " old as the hills ;"
it has, however, no claim to be regarded of recent estab-
lishment ; and although there has never failed in each
succeeding year of its apportionment, to be held up
"pious hands" in horror of its defilement, (because it is
such an irrefutable condemnation of the cant urged in
support of what is called the " voluntary principle,")
there has also never failed to be found more than enow of
candidates to participate in sharing in the "unclean
thing." For the grant in 1847, we find it stated that 166
Presbyterian Ministers, 443 Independent Ministers, and
461 Baptist Ministers, were content to submit to the re-
proach which is well due to those who preach one system
of morals and practise another; and yet we have no doubt
that the recipients of last year, will be as eager to secure
their quotas from the present year's distribution. The
amount that each receives, cannot possibly be large, and
if it could be taken thankfully, and not allowed after-
wards to be made a subject for hypocritical reviling, (as
everything opposed to voluntaryism is wont to be, by the
very classes who profit by its violation,) no one would
greatly begrudge the grant, but it is " too bad" for per-
sons to act as curs in snarling and biting at the heels of
benefactors, and as spaniels to lick the hands which dis-
tribute the favours of those same benefactors. On Wed
nesday night Mr. Charles Lushington was made the
mouthpiece of the voluntaries to implore the Chancellor
to omit the Reqium Donum grant from the estimate in
which it was intended to be voted ; and Mr. Kershaw
made himself a very knight errant in voluntary chivalry,
by undertaking that the sum should be made up from
another source. Lord John Russell, however, (and he
has had tolerable practice for gaining experience in test-
ing the sincerity of the professors of the voluntary princi-
ple) most uncivilly declined to allow an opportunity for
such a display of high-minded indifference to a govern-
ment grant; and what must have been more annoying,
he added to his offence, by observing, "if he could see
any security that these sums to poor ministers would be
made up by the Dissenting body, he would give up the
grant from the government." There's an estimate of the
value in which the Dissenters' own champion holds their
abhorrence of government grants, and their real readiness
to provide for their discontinuance. But there was yet
one other way left to the voluntaries, in which they might
have made their consistency appear less inconsistent—
they might have mustered strong on the division ; instead
of which, they only reckoned 28 votes, the number oppo-
sed to them being 60, thus making the majority in favour
of the pretendedly not wanted grant 32.

There is a country far poorer than Ireland in native
gifts—with bleaker mountains—a more sterile soil—a
ruder clime, and one half of its inhabitants born of the
same stock and inheriting the same traits as the Celtic
peasantry of Ireland. This once, like Ireland, enjoyed a
separate and distind independence under the British
Crown. Like Ireland, it was united to England against
the prejudices and predilections of a majority of its inha-
bitants. Like Ireland, its patriots mourned the day of its
union as a day of funeral and fatal calamity. Like Ireland,
it augured from connexion with England degradation,
poverty, and abject slavery. Like Ireland it rebelled ;
like Ireland, it was put down again. Like Ireland, it
waned and declined in prosperity for the first 30 years
after the Union. Like Ireland, it believed its happiness
and weal to be implicated and wrapped up in the posses-
sion of its native Senate and the tinsel mockeries of a
mimic Court. But, unlike Ireland—when petition was
rejected—when force was beaten down—when insurrection
was quelled—when treason was punichoa—when the fanda
and conspiracies of five-and-forty years lay mouldering
under the gory turf of Culloden or under the scaffolds of
Kennington and Carliae—then, when treason was a losing
throw and sedition an unmeaning sound, Scotland braced
her heart and energies to grapple with England in other
fields and another contest of a peaceful emulation and
is competition. They won from England and English-
:xi the rewards and prizes which England and English-
men had proposed to the common ambition of the united
countries. They won places of high trust and high com-
mand in the furthest East and the remotest West. Each
new accession of dominion, and each new field of com-
merce, and each new gate of honour, saw the Scotchman
side by side with his English contemporary, striving and
struggling, and often winning in the great race of life.
The Senate saw a BUTE and a MELVILLE wielding the
patronage of the Treasury and the Marine—the people
saw a MURRAY and an ERSKINE and a WEDDERBURN
administering justice in Westminster Hall—an OCHTER-
LONY, an ABERCROMBY, and a GRAHAME, leading British
troops to glory and conquest—and every department of
our public service in Europe and Asia filled with the
sturdy sons of that race:whom connexion with England
was to have doomed to servility, penury, and despair.
Nor were the signs of this prosperity unfelt in the father-
land of her most prosperous and adventurous sons. Glas-
gow and Greenock and Paisley sprung up in rivalry of
Manchester, Liverpool, and Leeds. Edinburgh expanded
into the magnificence of a goodly capital, which Rome
might admire and London would do well to copy. The
fat fields of the Lothians became, under the genius of
enterprise and the irrigation of capital, synonomous for
good husbandry and teeming produce. Within one hun-
dred years from her last rebellion Scotland has gained
more real power, more solid importance, and greater
wealth than she could singly have achieved in 1000 years
under the most fortunate dynasty or the most national
Legislature.

FREE TRADE OPPOSED TO THE INTERESTS

A very pregnant instance of the sympathy which is felt
by the free-traders and political economists for the suffer-
ing of the lower orders, occurred during a debate towards
the beginning of May last. We specially notice the fact,
because it proves that, however two successive ministers
may have forgot their duty to the people, there exists, in
a higher quarter still, the deepest commiseration for their
distress, and an earnest desire to alleviate it in every pos-
sible manner. It appears from official documents that,
during the first three months of the present year. there
were entered for home consumption, at the port of Lon-
don alone, foreign silk goods worth £400,000, equal to
the employment of 31,000 weavers ; lace and needle-
work worth £40,000, or sufficient to displace the produce
of 4000 workworLen and sempstresszs ; and 7000 dozen
of boot and shoe fronts, enough to keep 1200 cordwainers
in full employment. So near as we can calculate, the
duty payable upon these articles, under the tariff of 1845,
would have amounted to £88,150 ; at present it is not
more than £65,575, thus entailing a primary loss of
£22,575 to the revenue. Such an influx of goods, at a
peculiarly unprofitable season, was tantamount to dis-
placing the labour of 36,200 persons, who were to be
thrown upon the public charity, without any other resource.
A short time after these facts became known, an order
was issued from the Lord Chamberlain's office, contain-
ing her Majesty's command to the ladies of England, that
in attending court they should appear attired in dresses
exclusively the production of native industry. Yes ! our
gracious Queen, whose heart is unchilled by the cold dog-
mas of political economy, felt like a woman and a sove-
reign, and resolved, on her part at least, to rescue from
famine and misery so many thousands of her poorer sub-
jects. It is most gratifying to know that this exercise of
the royal care and benevolence has met with its best
reward, for in the midst of all the distress which has
unfortunately prevailed, the class for whose benefit those
timely orders were issued have been kept in employment
and food : the example set from the throne has been
widely and generously followed. But will it be believed,
that this act of mercy gave huge umbrage to the free-
traders, and was fiercely commented on in their journals
as a gross infringement of the principles of enlightened
government ? Therefore, in the eyes of the Leaguers, it
seems a crime to interfere for the support of the British
workman,—and unjustifiable interference with Providence
to give work to the labouring poor !
But this is not all. Lord John Russell, on being asked
in the House of Commons whether he had any share in
this philantrophic action, or whether the sole credit of it
appertained to his royal mistress, was not slow in uttering
his disclaimer. "He had not advised the crown in the
matter,—he could only say that the order had issued from
the Chamberlain's office." After a vain attempt to show
that no extra quantity of goods had been imported, hut
that the apparent increase arose solely from the cessation
of smuggling, he proceeded to remark :—" But if more
goods are now entered, and thereby a particular class do
suffer inconvenience or distress, yet these entries must
stimulate the production and exportation of the classes
of goods for which the imports are exchanged." There
spoke the convert to the League--the truckler to Cobden
and Co. ! There, from the lips of a British minister, fell
the most un-British, the most unpatriotic doctrine that
ever yet was enunciated ! Said we not truly that the
whole object of free trade is to put down and exterminate
the non-exporting trades, for the exclusive benefit of the
few monster monopolies ? The Premier concluded, an
ungracious, halting, and discreditable speec'.i with the