The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-08-18 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

El)t lii_zrpoot

TUESDAY MORNING, AUG. 18, 181

The new Tariff of the United States, although
still highly protective of the native industry of the
country, is a measure which will be received with
infinite satisfaction by the British merchant and
manufacturer. Its strongest recommendation to the
latter, is the fact that it d.)es away with the system
of arbitrary valuations for the imposition of duties,
the effect of which upon a large class of textile
fabrics was to impose an absolute prohibition. Thus,
woollens of a certain range of price, and cotton
goods of the ordinary class, which may now, under
an ad valorem duty of 25 per cent., find their way
.i . into consumption in the Ainerican markets, were
shut out by the duty being levied upon att assumed
price, double, and in some cases treble, their actual
cost. The document itself is too long to be trans-
ferred entire into our columns. We shall, thereto e,
content ourselves with a summary of the most im-
portant articles affected.
Schedule A imposes ad valorem duty of one hun-
dred per cent. upon brandy, cordials, &c.

Schedule I imposes -10 per cent. upon preserves,
sweetmeats, dried foreign fruits, manufactures of
cedar and other fine woods, prepared vegetables,
and meats, spices, cigars, snuffs, and other manu-
factures of tobacco, foreign wines, &c.
Schedule B irnpoFes a duty of 30 per cent. upon
German silver articles, ale and porter, embroidered
goods and made-up wearing apparel, and other ar-
ticles worn which are made up by hand, cosmetics
and tinctures, baskets, beads, Bologna sausages,
ornaments manufactured of hair, Indian rubber
braces, &c., cameos and mosaics set ill metal, walking
sticks, pickles, corks, earthenware all China, fire
works, bonnet foundations, bonnets of' straw or
other vegetable substances, fur caps, muffs, &c.,
knitted hosiery not otherwise provided for, card
cases, pocket books, &c., carpets and rugs, carriages,
peppers, cheese, clocks, coach and harness furni-
ture, coal and coke, cutlery, combs, &c., cotton
cords, gimps, laces, gold and silver tassels, &c.,
confectionary, jewellery and trinkets, artificial fea-
thers and flowers, umbrellas, household furniture
and other manufactures of wood, ground ginger,
grapes, gums, hat bodies, iron in bars, cast, or
scrap iron, japanned ware, manufactures of jet,
macaroni and all similar preparations, manufactures
of bone and horn, &c., articles of brass, copper,
&c., vessels of glass, coloured glass, &c., articles of
leather, marble paper and papier machee, manufac-
tures of wool, molasses, firearms, oil cloth, ochres,
oils essential and volatile, olive oil, olives, paper,
parchment, plated and gilt ware, saddlery, preserved
salmon, sewing silk, Indian rubber shoes, soaps,
unmanufactured tobacco, vellum, vinegar, unmanu-
factured wood and wool.

Schedule C imposes a duty of 25 per cent. upon
buttons, borax, preparations of mercury, camphor,
feather beds and feathers, floss silk, grass cloth,
hair seating, baizes and flannels, cablas and cordage,
manufactures of cotton, goats hair or mohair, floor
manufactures of silk, worsted goods, slates,
and woollen and worsted yarn.
Schedule D imposes 20 per cent. upon chemicals,
unmanufactured goats' hair or mohair, unmanufac-
tured furniture woods, extracts from dyewoods and
madder, flaxseed, green turtle, drugs, dyes, &c.,
bacon, grain, blankets, blank hooks, bound or
unbound, hewn and sawed timber, planks, staves,
&c., iron and bronze liquor, marble, unmanufac-
tured, prepared willows, tiles and brick-, cotton
hosiery, chromates and sulphates, copper rods, nails,
&c., steel not otherwise provided for, foreign fish,
glue,
fruit, green or ripe, hair and other vegetable
substances for bedding, hat bodies wholly or chiefly
of wool, hatters' plush of which cotton is the chief
component, seed oils, lead in sheets, bars, or pipes,
linens, crude drugs and bituminous substances,
musical instruments, strings, &c., animal and fish
oils, oranges, lemons, &c., paints, dry and ground,
paper hangings, periodicals and other works in the
course of printing and republication in the United
States, saddlery, common, tinned, or japanned,
soda and salts, common salt, spermaceti candles,
starch, tallow and wax candles, thread laces and
inserting, types and type metal, cotton velvet and
cotton anti silk velvet of which cotton is the chief
component, foreign whalebone; white and red lead,
window glass, woollen listings and yarns.
Schedule E imposes 15 per cent. upon arsenic,
barks, crude brimstone, tow of hemp or flax, glaziers'
diamonds, raw silk, not further manufactured than
singles, tram and thrown organzine, tinfoil and
plates, steel in bars, cast, shear, or German, zinc
and spelter in sheets.
Schedule F imposes 10 per cent. upon ammonia,
annatto, barilla, printed books and illustrated news-
papers (I) not otherwise provided for, chloride of
lime, cameos and mosaics not set, chronometers
and parts thereof, precious stones not set, engravings,
seeds, furs, gums, indigo, hair, india rubber, lime
and lemon juice, maps, music, palm and cocoa nut
oil, tallow and other g: ease for soaps, watches and
watch materials.

Schedule G imposes 5 per cent upon crude tartar,
old bell metal, brass in pigs and bars and old brass,
dyewoods in sticks, copper in pigs and bars and old
copper, berries, nuts, &c., used in dying, lastings
and cloths for shoes and boots exclusively, manu-
factured horns and teeth, old pewter, tin in pigs
and bars, unmanufactured shells, zinc, &c., and a
quantity of articles used in dyeing.
Schedule H declares duty free animals imported
for breed, bullion, coins and antiquities, tea and
coffee imported direct, copper ore, sheathing felt,
garden seeds, guano, furniture in use, models, paint-
ings imported as objects of taste and not as mer-
chandize, plaster of paris unground, platina unma-
nufactured, copper sheathing in sheets 48 inches
long and 14 wide, and weighing from 14 to 34
ounce: the square foot, specimens of natural history,
mineralogy, trees, shrubs, &r., wearing apparel in
use, professional books and instruments of trade, the
proyerty of persons arriving in the United States.
The operation of this tariff, as compared with that
of 1842, is to tax more highly the luxuries of the
rich, whilst it lowers the cost of articles consumed
by the poor. Thus champagne, which paid on an
average 12 per cent., Burgundy, which paid 9 per
cent., and Madeira, which paid 5 per cent., are all
to pay 30 per cent. Silks, kid gloves, cosmetics,
high priced flannels, jewellery, &c., are raised from
low to high duties. Amongst articles of general
use we find spices reduced 60 per cent. and upwards
to 40 per cent ; treble ingrain carpeting from 73 to
30 per cent; manufactured iron, glass, common
braces, woollen cloths, ordinary silk handkerchiefs,
Bros de naples, &c., are largely reduced. Vinegar
pays 30 per cent. instead of 52 ; salt pays 20 per
cent. instead of 76; cotton prints or calicoes costing
12 per cent., the running yard (the ordinary wear
amongst our own working classes) pay by the ad
valorem system 25 per cent. instead of about 50 per
cent. by the old system; shirtings, value 6+ cents
the yard, pay 25 per cent instead of about 97; and
mousseline de laine, 25 instead of 50 per cent. The
shipping interest of the States is also favoured by a
large reduction in the duties upon tarred cables and
cordage chain cables and anchors.
The general effect must be to increase very ma-
terially the value of the American market to the
British manufacturer, whilst it may arrest the pro-
gress of the people of the eastern states in manufac-
turing skill, notwithsland:og the large margin of
protection (25 per cent.) still left them.

Reviewing the circumstances of the last few weeks
in connexio with the Prince's visit, while we find
much to rejoice in, aril much to be proud of, we
must confess we blush for " our order" when we con-
sider the exhibition of rancour and persevering
malice, at the expense of conscious falsehood, made
by one of our contemporaries. We have the satis-
faction of compensation, to be sure, in seeing the
object of that reckless calumny growing in public
estimation for every thing that can adorn the Chris-
tian and the Clergyman. 'We allude to the Mercury
and the Rev. Hugh M‘Neile.
The natural and real power—what may be called
the power en phisique—of a man is, at the best, but
very small. It is. the moral ascendency which he
has gained, and the esteem in which he is held, that
enable any man to influence others largely, and be-
come instrumental to the accomplishment of any
important service to mankind. Here we find Mr.
M`Neile. Without any vantage ground of office, or
rank, or wealth, he moves gracefully and as one
quite at home, amongst the very highest circles, and
commands the attention, respect, and admiration of
the public.
At such ascendancy calumny aims its envenomed
shaft. It is malice excited, not by any injury it has
received, but by the sight of excellence to wh ch it
cannot attain. It is what is vulgarly and properly
called spite, unconsciously betraying its own little-
ness and its own pain. It is such a destitution of
benevolence as cannot a'mire what is good, and
such a destitution of talent as cannot injure what it

hates. It is a combination of mortified vanity and
unsubilued sloth : vanity which puffs itself up on
an imaginary equality with distinguished p. rsons,
and sloth which shrinks from the vigour and assi-
duity necessary for the honourable attainment of such
equality. These all issue in the despicabie attempt to
pull down the exalted object of their envy to a level
with their own meanness. Here we find the Mercury.
His jaundiced eve cannot endure ti e lustre of Mr.
M•Neile's reputation. Hence the cloud of known
falsehoods, raised again and again with the hope of
affixing some stigma to the Rev. gentleman. We
repeat, deliberately known falsehoods. The Editor
of the Mercury knows perfectly well that what he has
said and insinuated, and allowed his correspondent
to say and insinuate through his pages, against Mr.
M'Neile, is utterly false. He dares not to say that
he thinks it true. In this he has happily betrayed
himself. For, by a sneaking note to his corres-
pondent's letter, he endeavours to escape the odium,
whilst, by giving insertion to the letter itself, he is
odiously guilty of the offence. The stale trick is seen
through. The viper has gnawed the file with sui-
cidal earnestness ; the creature's teeth have become
harmless, whilst its venom, instead of following its
bite, has recoiled into its own bowels. On every
side, and from gentlemen of every variety of politi-
cal opinion, we hear of the disgust excited by the
infamous conduct of the Mercury ; whilst the manly
dignity, the Christian forbearance, and the graceful
eloquence of Mr. are more than ever the
theme of general eulogy in the town.

The great boon which has been so long clamoured
for by the manufacturing interest—the measure
which was to set every loom, every spindle, every
forge and every instrument of trade and industry in
active operation—the repeal of the corn laws is a
fact accomplished. We have had an extensive intro-
duction of foreign grain into our markets ; a gene-
ral cheapening of food, along with the prospect of
something more than an average harvest, We cast
about, therefore, in search of the promised pros-
perity which was to result from our new policy.
What do we find ? Last week our columns recorded
a general i esolve of the spinners and manufacturers
of the Blackburn district to work their mills four,
' instead of six, days a week. How is this ? We
have not heard that our exports have of late mate-
rially diminished. Our colonies, indeed—those
despised consumers of our goods—have had their
confidence shaken, and have ordered less freely than
if old ; but what are British America, the West
Indies, Australia, New Zealand, and other such
markets, compared in importance with those coun-
tries, whose favours we have purchased:by our free
trade policy ? Nothing, we were told. The falling
off is to be accounted for from som other quarter;
and we fear that, at length, it will have to be ac-
knowledged that the consumption of our own coun-
try—the consumption of our farmers and of our
yeomen—is soma little ingredient in the country's
prosperity. People who recognise Cocker as an
authority, although an old fashioned one, in matters
of finance, conceive that the agriculturist, receiving
475. instead of 565. per quarter for his wheat, has
less to spend in broad cloths, hardware, crockery,
and calico. Travellers for houses in Leeds and
Birmingham, Manchester and SLffield, find cus-
tomers shy in buying, and still more shy in paying.
There is an evident hitch. Farmers and farmers'
wives cannot be made to comprehend the abstract
beauties, much less to feel the advantages, of free
trade. Obtuse, we dare say, these classes are—
unlearned in the doctrines of Adam Smith—igno-
rant of the very existence of M culloch and Mal-
thus, Ricardo, and Deacon Hume. The League
should really not have dissolved until they had
enlightened these misguided people, and taught them
how to feed and clothe themselves with half their
accustomed income—how to make two and two,
which to their poor understandings make four, into
a dozen or fourteen.

If the farmers, however, are falling off as con-
sumers, at least the manufacturing labourers are
getting fat upon our cheap corn. No reduction of
wages going on ! Oh, no. They were wicked pro-
phets who prophesied such selfishness on the part
of the manufacturer. We were to see increased in-
stead of reduced wages. We were to take the un-
sophisticated agricultural labourer from the hard
duty of " following his plough along the mountain
side," and place himself and his family in the easy
enjoyment of the gin, and smoke, and odours of our
manufacturing towns, and villages. Alas, the
wicked prophet has proved too true a prophet.
The adoption of short time is no proof of the ability
of the manufacturing interest to absorb the dispos-
sessed labour of the agricultural community ; whilst
the following announcement proclaims but too
plainly the fact, that the cry for cheap food was but
I the forerunner of a cry for cheaper labour. We
give it from a contemporary :
"Ashton-under-Lyne, August, 11.
"The master roller turners of Stockport, Park Bridge,
Oldham, Ashton-under-Lyne, Dukiiifield, and other
places, have given notice to their workmen, that at the
expiration of the next fortnight they will reduce their
wages to the amount of five per cent. This announce-
ment at the present time has naturally enough created
considerable excitement amongst the operatives, many of
whom complain bitterly of corn-law repeal as the cause
of this reduction. In some instances the work-hands
have waited upon the masters to ask the cause why an
abatement in their wages should take place so soon after
they have accomplished their pet object, viz., a repeal of
the corn-laws, arid while they are still calling upon them
to rejoice at the downfall of monopoly, &c. The men
state that the answers received have been, ' Food is now
cheaper, and you can therefore afford to work for less.'
A delegate meeting of the trade was held at the house of
Mr. Thomas Moss, the Grapes Inn, Ashton, on Monday,
relative to this subject, when the following resolution was
agreed to :—` That we unanimously agree to work four
days a week should circumstances in connection with the
trade require it : but on no account will we submit to the
proposed reduction.'
' Several other branches of mill workers are threatened
with a reduction, and they are at the present time form-
ing themselves into unions to resist it. Unfortunately
for the repealers, in every case of which we have yet beard,
the reductions have been proposed by parties connected in
some way with the Anti-Corn-Law League. The power-
loom weavers of Stalybridge are holding a public meeting
of their body this evening, for the purpose of carrying out
the principles of union."

Pore over this evidence, working men of England I
You were to have more food, more work, more
wages, and more surplus to store up for want in af-
ter days, as the result of Free Trade measures. You
are told, however, now that you can live for less, and
that you must workfor less. You, who have thrown
up your caps at Anti-Corn Law celebrations—who
have been flattered and elated to see broadcloth hob-
nobbing with your humble tustians, at free trade
dinners and soirees—who have huzzaed the clap-
traps of the Thompsons and the Aclands, and the
teetotal drivel of the Heyworths and other worship-
pers of sloppy beverages, too thin for your own
stomachs, which are not strengthened by turtle,
real or mock—what think you of your prospects ?
A cheap loaf you have, and less to buy it with;
cheap sugar, and less to sweeten with it; less wages,
less work, and little hope for the future. You were
to be advanced in the social scale. You arc about
to be 'degraded, and you have been betrayed into
the weakness of being the instrument of your own
fall.

The woes of provisional committee-men—the
voluntary exile of some, the mysterious disappear-
ance of others, and the fo:cible plucking of the
few, who have maraully stood their ground, or
trusted to quibbles and technicalities for their pro-
tection—have ceased to move the hearts even of the
most sympathetic. Like the eels, they have got
used to the legal gridiron. The host of specula-
tors in scrip have by this time almost ceased to
grieve over the fortunes which have melted away
in their fingers; and are singing to each other, in
resigned cadences, a parody of the old song,
" Sigh no more, gentles, sigh no more ;
Scrips were deceitful ever."

The universal letter writers have been enabled by
the kindness of the law to snap their filters at at-
torney's threats, and to laugh at the consequences
of repudiation. Another class, however, who have
hitherto been hugging themselves in their imagined
safety—the men who have been favoured with large
allotments, and have pocketed the premiums—are
beginning to feel nervous. The time of registia-
tion for those schemes which have received the
sanction of Parliament is a hand. The holders of
scrip are being called upon to send in their names
for enrolment; to exchange securities which involve
no responsibility for others which involve liabilities
for calls; " but will they come when you do call
for them ?" The ominous word "dis. appended
to so many of the "directs" and "Junctions,"
the " Grand Unions," and the less imposing
" Branches," will, we fear, tempt the bulk of them
to transfer their dangerous property, not into their
own names in the books of the various companies,
but—into the fire.
What is the next act of the drama ? There are
sundry hundreds of deeds which have been signed
—Parliamentary contracts and subscribers' agree-

ments;—and the sale of the scrip representing the
amounts so signed for has not torn the seal from
the bond, " Litera scripta manet." Parchment is
an enduring thing. The names of the original al-
lottees must be registered in the place of those
scripholders who refuse to own their now d pre-
ciated property. The gentlemen who have all
along been fancying that the harvest of premiums
which they have reaped was all their own, "to
lend, to spend, or to give," discover that, to snatch
that harvest, they have incurred responsibilities of
no very pleasurable kind to contemplate; and that
calls are coming, the presence of which is not very
likely to change discount into premiums, or to ren-
der their property a very buoyant article. Grim
visions of secretaries' and lawyers' letters rise up
in the distance; and the postman's double knock
is not half so grateful a sound as in the days when
every other letter was an allotment, and Exchange-
street East and Royal Bank Buildings were El
dorades,

Seriously, it is fearful to contemplate the havoc
which must occur amongst the unfortunate allot-
tees of one-fourth of the railways which, being sanc-
tioned by Parliament, have been attempted to he car-
ried on. A glance at even one page of the Parlia-
mentary blue book, just published, containing the
names of parties, who have signed railway bills to
the amount of £2,000 and upwards, will abun-
dantly show the utter impossibility of going on,
without involving thousands in ruin. It is not for
bankers and merchants, and their responsibility for
upwards of thousands, that we fear most, although
to many of them the issue of their attempt to grasp
so large a portion of the golden shower may be
sufficiently disastrous. Generally, however, such
patties have secured shares in undertakings of a
valid character, which they may part with, at some
price, and get out. Some of the heaviest amounts
which appear, have doubtless been: subscribed by
gentlemen, as directors or trustees for public com-
panies or parties quite able to sustain the weight of
respo sibility incurred in their behalf. But, the
small traders, the shopkeepers, the professional men,
the clerks, the household servants, whose names
are appended to such instruments for such heavy
amounts, compared with their means, absolutely
startle us. What is to become of them ? It is
frightful to think of their position, and of the con-
sequences, to innocent persons, which may result
from their mingled folly and avarice. It is fright.
ful to contemplate the shock to commerce which
must follow the general conviction that these par-
ties are irretrievably in the net; and the long
period of suspended confidence which may occur
before they are fairly and completely released.
The ordeal, however, must be gone through, and
it will be a severe one. In such a crisis as the pre-
sent, the price of the very best share property is
affected by the pressure of a call. That price in mid-
dling and unpromising concerns will fall to nothing.
Nay, we doubt whether, with even two or three
calls paid, the shares in some may not be difficult
to give away. Under such circumstances, what
can we expect but expensive and unproductive liti-
gation and widely spread distress and embarrass-
ment ? The only hope of safety lies in the pru-
dence of railway directors themselves, who ought
now seriously to consider how little prospect there is
of any good resulting from an attempt to carry out
their various undertakings in the present state of
monetary affairs. One half of them, at least, ought
to be shelved until the commercial horizon brightens.

We don't know whether it is the genius of the
Popish system, or the natural wish of mankind, to
stand well with their fellow creatures, which
prompts to such scenes as the following, the de-
scription of which we extract from a Dublin
paper:--
" Preceded by the Rev. Messrs. Hennessy, Roughan,
Ma bony, and Fahy, the wretched man unhesitatingly
walked up the stairs; and after conversing privately for a
few minutes, was about to mount the awful scaffold, when
turning round suddenly he said—' I would wish to say a
few words." Do not; take my advice (said the anxious
clergyman,) do not say a word.' After some well timed
expostulation the scaffold was ascended, and the culprit
cried out—' I will explain all—my prosecutors swore
falsely.'
" A voice then came from the boundary wall, saying—
' Stop as you are, don't mind them.' Ihe speaker, we
understand, was a near relative to the dying man.
" Sexton, addressing the crowd, said, am going to
die, and may I never enter the kingdom of God, if every
word of what my prosecutors swore was not fal,e.'
" Mr. Hennesey—Now, Sexton, if you persevere, you
are wrong, and if you persist in making a dying declara-
tion, lat least will not be accountable. Do you forgive
your prosecutors ?
" Sexton—' I do froth the bottom of my heart, and all
my enemies.' Again, addressing the crowd he said, I
have a good deal to say, but the clergy won't allow me ; I
forgive my prosecutors, and may the Lord have mercy
on my soul—l will die with what brought me here—
courage.' "

Here was an undoubted ruffian—a murderer. He
had made his peace with Heaven, as his creed tells
him he can make it, by confession to his priest—a
brother mortal and sinner. He was annealed, em-
balmed, ready to go out of the world : yet he was
anxious to die with a lie in his mouth. He forgave
his enemies; yet he accused the witnesses who had
proved his crime, of perjury. Happily he had a
spiritual adviser who was, to some extent, a check
upon him :—an honest man, and a man considerate
of the conscience of his unfortunate devotee. But
what are we to think of such men as the attempting
assassin of Sir Frederick Hopkins ? What of the
numberless men who have attempted murder, or
committed murder, and denied their offences on the
scaffold ? Do Popish priests, unlike the party in
this case. wink at such things ? The question is an
awkward one, and we refrain.

We are really tired of exposing the inventions of
such papers as the Liverpool Albion. Of course his
worship the Mayor has been above the meanness of
conciliating the people who have to do with concoct-
ing the paragraphs which appear in this paper. We
ourselves are said to have affected something like
chivalry in defending the Mayor against the attacks
of the Albion and his brethren. 'We cannot see
anything chivalric about the matter. We are not
" the organ" of the Mayor, or any other functionary.
We are simply the organ of any man we see perse-
cuted by Whig-Radical spite. The poor puling
beings, who do the mischief for the Albion, are as
little in our eyes as any other libellers.
We therefore pass over all the " Hey diddle did-
dle" of the Albion directed against ourselves. We
have no " chuckling" to do; but we don't tell lies,
and we don't allow the Albion to tell lies without
calling him to account. We did so on a late occa-
bion. Wa. told our contemporary that a certain
penny-a-line manufactured story of his was a manu-
facture from first tq last. It is so. There is no
mistake about the sending in of the officer's card,
which was vouched for by the Albion. There was
no card sent in. As for the Mayor's servant not
delivering the card, the idea is preposterous. The
rest of the story, as to the second message, we re-
peat—and as our contemporary is not satisfied with
plain language, we repeat it plainly—is a deliberate
falsehood—a " lie with a circumstance"—the most
enormous and barefaced of lies, inasmuch as inven-
tion is called in to aid dishonesty.
We are really sorry to have to use this kind of
language ; but there are people, it seems, who un-
derstand nothing more polite. We apologize espe-
cially to the respectable proprietors of the Albion,
which used to he a paper as honest and courteous
as it was talented. We could pardon the loss of the
latter feature in our contemporary ; but when stu-
pidity is added to vulgarity, it is a duty which we
owe to ourselves, who are attacked, to the public,
whose ear is outraged, and to the proprietary, who,
we are sure, do not wish their property to be made the
vehicle of personal scurrility, to speak our sentiments.

The Rev. Charles Henry Burton, M.A., of Corpus
Christi College, Cambridge, has been appointed to sec.
ceed the Rev. Dr. Iliff as Minister of St. Philip's Church,
in this town. Patron, John Cragg, Esq.
THE WEATHER AND THE CROPS.—From a somewhat
extended observation, we may state that the wheat crop
in this neighbourhood is by no means what we were led
to expect from the favourable summer we have had.
The late heavy rains, together with the hot weather, have
caused the .grain to sprit in many fields we have seen,
and in Orrell, Garston, and other places south of this
town, and exposed to the wind, the wheat (not already
housed,) has been laid down to a very considerable extent.
So far as regards this locality, the soundness of the article
cannot to any great extent be depended upon. Good
wheat will be the exception, not the general rule. The
other crops are upon the whole good.
STEALING MEAT FROM ST. JOHN'S MARKET.—A
woman named Margaret 'loves was yesterday charged, at
the Police Court, with having stolen a quanti:y of meat
from St. John's market. Mr. George Whittaker, of Rizh-
mond-row, said that., about eleven ;o'clock on Saturday
night he was in the market and observed the prisoner
going from standing :
.to standing, but buying nothing.
He at last saw her take a breast of lamb from a stall,
which she walked away with, and gave to a girl near her
who put it into a basket which she had in her hand. The
prisoner was taken into custody, and it was
ofaterwards
found that she bad also managed to purloin part of a
neck of lamb, and three pieces of beef from different
parties. She was committed for trial.

NAVIGATION LAWS AND FREE TR ADE.-IM-
POR I'A.N I' PETITION RECEIVED PER THE
CAMBRIA.
We have before stated with sufficient distinctness our
opinion that we must either, as the result of free trade,
be prepared to see our most valuable colonies secede from
their connexion with us, as from an onerous tie without
its equivalent, or demand from us some concession which
will tender them a burthen up )n the country rather than
an advantage. Our readers know sufficiently what is our
own opinion as to the importance and henefit to us of
these colonies. They consume, n the ratio of their popu-
lation, more of our fabrics and of the products of cur in-
dustry, than foreign countries. They are, in this respect,
counties of Great Britain, rather than colonies. They
have our habits, our lancuage ; they feel with us and for
us ; they favour our industry and prefer our manufac-
tures. We have legislated for them, moreover, as if, with
regard to their imports, the fabrics which they are com-
pelled to consume, and the mode in which they dispose of
and convey their exports, they were British soil, as they
are inhabited by British subjects.
We cannot, however, expect that our colonial fellow.
countrymen can tamely sit down, when we abandon them,
without an effort to save themselves from ruin. Our
Canadian fellow-countrymen, we are glad to see, are not
content to do so; but have laid before her Majesty the
Queen a case most difficult to gainsay—loudly calling for
legislative interference, and which appeals most forcibly
to the sympathy of the British public. We give here the
case in question, as stated in a petition from the mer-
chants and others of Canada West, which has been for-
warded to this country by the royal mail steamer Cam-
bria, for presentation to Royalty :
TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY.
The Petition of the Board of Trade of the town of
Hamilton
Humbly shrwelh,—That the proposed changes in the
commercial policy of Great Britain are such as to cause
serious apprehension in the minds of your petitioners,
that the value of grain, one of the great staple produc-
tions of this colony, will be depreciated to such an extent
as to prevent our farmers from being able to compete suc-
cessfully with the corn growing countries of the north of
Europe, which have the advantage of proximity to Great
Britain, cheapness of labour, and greater facilities of
transportation.
That whilst your petitioners are convinced of the ne-
cessity of strenuous exertions on the part of the people of
this colony, in order, as far as may lie in their power, to
neutralise the effects of these changes, they at the same
time look for the co-bperation and assistance of your Ma-
jesty's Government in carrying out such measures of
relief as may conduce to this end.
That a large portion of the costs of our agricultural
proceeds, before reaching Great Britain, (at present the
only market open to us for our surplus,) consists of the
expense of transportation, as will appear from the follow-
ing calculation of the present cost of conveying a barrel
of flour from this port to the port of Liverpool, viz.
Shipping charges and storage here... Os. 3d. currency
Burlington Canal tolls
Transportation to Kingston ........ Os. 6d.
Ditto thence to Montreal • . 2s. Od.
Insurance on lake and river........ Os. 2d.

Equal, at 8 per cent. premium, to ster-
ling .
Atlantic freight from Montreal to
Liverpool..
Insurance, 1 percent. on 255. sterling Os. 3d.

3s. Id.

Bs.lod. sterling.
or more than one-third of its value in Great Britain.

We would further represent to your Majesty, that a
large portion of the best wheat growing districts of Ca-
nada West, namely, that part bordering on Lakes On-
tario and Er:e, is situated so as to be able to use to
advantage the route via the Oswego and Erie Canals and
Hudson River, thereby effecting a saving of time, in-
terest, insurance, and cost of transportation, when com-
pared with the route via the St. Lawrence, as will be
shown by the following calculation of the present cost by
this route, viz : a. d.
Storage and Shipping charges here 3d., Canal
Tolls, 2d
Freight to Oswego, 6d. ; Freight to New
York, 22c.; Canal Tolls, 18c 2 6
Lake Insurance 20s to 3s. 83...

3 cur.

Equal in sterling at 8 per cent. premium, to.. 2 6
Freight to Liverpool. sterling 3s. Od. .
Insurance, per cent. on 255..... Os. 21d... 3 2i

5 81

Showing a difference in favour of this route
over that by the St. Lawrence at the pre-
sent time of ...

That in addition to the foregoing advantage in point of
cost of transport, the route via New .Y.rk is available
earlier in the spring and later in the autumn than that by
way of the St. Lawrence, the dangers and disadvantages
of which we conceive to be so great as to lead us to
express our decided and deliberate conviction that ship-
ment s from Montreal or Quebec cannot be made on such
favourable terms either as regards freight or insurance as
from New York.

We would further humbly represent to your Majesty
that up to the present time we have not been able to avail
ourselves of this route, owing to the restrictive laws of
the United States • but as these are in course of being
modified, we will be in a position to export our produce
through their territory, in bond, on favourable terms.

Under these circumstances, we humbly pray that your
Majesty and the Imperial Government would sanction
the importation of Canadian produce into the ports of
Great Britain, shipped in bond through the United States,
on the same terms as if shipped direct from Canadian
ports, under such regulations as may be deemed expe-
dient, such as the production of proper certificates of
growth or manufacture from the Collector of Customs at
the port of shipment in Canada, or in any other manner
that may be deemed advisable.

It may be urged that should the prayer of this petition
be granted, the result would be to throw both the inland
and Atlantic carrying trade into the hands of foreigners;
we would, however, humbly submit that the interests in-
volved in the former are of minor importance when com-
pared with the g.eat and general benefits that would re-
sult to the agricultural interests they conferring the boon
now asked for. While your petitioners conceive that
British shipping may be employed in the carrying of our
produce from New York as well as from the ports of
Montreal or Quebec.
In further confirmation of the importance of the prayer
of this petition we humbly submit the following calcu-
lation. as showing the small proportion received by the
agriculturists of this country of the value of his products in
Great Britain,and as showing the importance to him of such
a saving as that which would be effected by adopting the
route via the United States, viz : _ _

Suppose value of flour in Liverpool, 255., deduct the
following charges :

Duty 71d, dock and town dues 2 d .... .
Porterage receiving and delivering 2d, cartage to
buyers, 14. d
Yre insurance on sheds and interest and bank com.

mission on duty ...
If warehoused, additional cartage, porterage, ware-
house rent, fire insurance, &c., &c.. ...
Commission and delcredere 4 per cent. on 255. .. 1

Atlantic freight 65., insurance 20s. Der cent., and
policy 3d

Sterling 16 1
Equal hfcurrency at 8 per cent. premium on ship-
board at Montreal Currency 19 3/-
Shipping charges at Montreal as under :
Cartage to store. Id., coopf.rage, 1/d., inspection,
2d., storage, 2d., cartage to ship, Id., wharfage.
Id., shipping, 2d., insurance, Id.
Freight from Kingston to Montreal .. 2 0
Insurance on river and lake, per cent. 0 2
Lake freight, 6d., Burlington Canal
tolls, 2d.. wharfage, storage, and
shipping, 3d., fire insurance. Id. .. 1 0

Interest, say an average of six months, on

- 4 1
--4._
15 2

205., at 6 per cent. - ..
Carriage from interior, say Brantford, Paris,
and other places similarly situated,.

13 0
Leaving only the small sum of 13s. currency to remune-
rate the farmers, equal, at 8 per cent. premium, to 10s. 10d.
sterling per barrel.
We humbly solicit that your Majesty would be graci-
ously pleased to grant the prayer of this petition, and
your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray.
Can we, in justice, refuse the prayer of these peti-
tioners? Let us examine their position. They are our
fellow•countrymen—our sons and our brothers. We
have drawn them from their homes on British soil, to
fertilize, by their industry, the woods and prairies of the
far west, by the le2islative promise to foster their industry
in preference to that of the foreigner. We have encou-
raged them by our legislation to incur heavy debts, for the
purpose of carrying out works whose tendency is to pro-
mote the exclusive employment of British shipping in the
transport of their goods to this country ; yet, without
some measure of protection, those works are inoperative.
The western farmers of the United States have the better
of the farmers of western Canada. Their route to Great
Britain is cheaper than the route by way of the St. Law-
rence. What is, then, the duty of the legislature of the
mother country? Evidently, there are but two courses;
and from adopting one of these we have already closed the
door. The adoption of the principle of free trade pro-
hibits the adoption of any favoutitism, as to duties,
towards the produce of our-colonies. We have, however,
another course open to us. We may allow these fellow-
countrymen of ours, from whom we have withdrawn our
protective code, to send their, goods by the route which
they find the cheapest. We may allow them the same
advantages which they would possess if they were Ameri-
can subjects. Not for a moment do we insinuate that
they wish to be such. But they must have fair play.
Two races, with but a river or a lake to divide them, can-
not long be kept from fraternising, when to the one
race connexion with us is a prohibition. Canada
must send her Corn by the cheapest route, or she
must become a portion of the American Union. She
does not say this. Her loyalty prevents such expression
of her feeling. But it must come to this. Even English-
men can forget their country, when their country forgets
them.
The document, which we have already quoted, suf-

ficiently shows the opinion of the Upper Canadians. The
following, which we quote from a Montreal paper, may
perhaps be equ 111, conclusive:—
" At the present moment, there is, perhaps, no object of
equal importance to the well-being of this colony then
can he sought for from the mother country, as that of
bringing about a repeal of the British navigation laws, in
as far as they affect cur interests. Well may we exclaim,
in the words of the memorial lately presentei to Govern-
ment by the Free Trade Association, " This colony is
now labouring under the loss of protection on the one
hand, and the crushing eff..cts of the severest restrictions
on the other." Protection, or preference for our pro-
ducts in the markets of the mother country, there is now
none of any value; but all the restrictions that were im-
posed on us as an equivalent for those lost advantages, are
left in full vigour, depressing our industry and paralysing
our commercial enterprise.
"Whilst a reciprocal state of things existed, we were con-
tent, although, on a review of our past circumstances, we
candidly believe that England had the best of the com-
pact. It was, in the language of Mr. Gladstone, " a mu-
tual sharing of benefits, or rather a mutual bearing of
burdens." But now the case is altered : the benefits are
destroyed ; but the burdens are left to oppress and gall
the industry of our hard-working population. And what
are the burdens? We cannot too often draw public at-
tention to them. First, the differental duties ; but next,
and by far the most important, the restrictions imposed
on our commerce by the ruinous operation of the British
navigation laws. Let us not be misconstrued. Let no
timid person turn upon us here, and accuse us of dis-
loyalty, or a desire to weaken the springs of England's
naval grandeur. To such we would reply, that our love
of country cannot be shaken, nor ought it to be ques-
tioned. But we have a duty to perform to ourselves, as
well as our snccessors; and craven must be the individual
among us who refuses, at this crisis, to exert himself to
obtain those comprehensive reforms that our peculiar
situation renders manifest and necessary. At present,
we shall confine ourselves to the discussion of the most
important of them,—the repeal, absolute with reference
to Canada, of the British Navigation Laws!
"Of what avail is it to the Canadian to raise abundant
supplies of wheat and other staples for exportation while
these laws are in force ? Can he procure their convey-
ance to British markets on as favourable terms as the far-
mer of the United States can forward his ? No. But
why ? Because the British navigation laws restrict him
to the use of British ships, depriving him of every option.
and compelling him to use such at exorbitant rates of
freight, although foreign vessels could be procured on
greatly reduced terms. The interests of the Canadian
farmer—nay, of the Canadian people—are thus yearly sa-
crificed to an extent that, we venture to assert, they have
no adequate conception of. Averse to making unsup-
ported assertions, we will appeal to facts and figures to
prove what we affirm respecting the intolerable effects of
this monopoly of our carrying trade thus unjustly secured
to the British shipowner. Let us compare the rates of
freight between New York on the one hand, and Mon-
treal on the other, and Great Britain, that have been
current during the present summer; and the result will
be seen to bear out what we have asserted.

Rates of Freight current at New York in the year 1846.
To Liverpool.
May 13.... 2s. 3d. per barrel. Bd. per bushel.
„ 30....35. 9d. „
9 9
June 13.... 3s. ft 9d. „
„ 27....35. ~ Sd. „
July 11.... 2s. 3d. ~ Bd. „
~ H. ... 2s. 3d. ~ Bd. „

Average.. , . 2s. 6d. Sid.
Rates of Freight current at Montreal in the year 1846.
To Liverpool.
May 18.... 4s. 31. per barrel. Ss. 3d. per quarter.
, 28.... 4s. 3d. „ 83. 3d. „
June 11.... ss. 3d. ~ 9s. 3d. „
„ 26....65. PP 10s. II
Jetly 11....65. ft 10s. PI
„ 22.... ss. 9d. „ 10s. PP
-------
Average ...ss. lid. 9s. 31d. per quarter.

Is. 211 per bushel.

" What do these tables exhibit? An average loss to the
Canadian producer of 2s. 7d. stg., or nearly 3s. 2d. cy.
per barrel on his flour, and 531. stg., or about 7d. cy. per
bushel on his wheat, by being restricted to the employ-
ment of British vessels. Canada will this year, in all
probability, export fully 450,000 barrels of flour, and
400,000 bushels of wheat, besides other staples of great
importance, but we will restrict our calculations to those
main articles for the sake of clearness and brevity; and
what amount of loss will be entailed on our producers in
consequence of the laws complained of ? A simple calcu-
lation will show it to be no less than £71,250 on flour,
and £16,666 13s. 4d. on wheat, making a total. of
£87.916 13s. 4d. on these two articles alone ! Will
it be believed that the country is in its senses,
if it submit any longer to such manifest injustice,
without maki,g an effort to get rid of the laws that oc-
casion it ! Why should this colony make a yearly sacri-
fice of nearly £90,000 for the benefit of the British ship-
owner ? We appeal to it then, as friends having one
common interest to be up and doing. Let the whole
country arouse itself, and petition, Besiege the imperial
parliament with petitions, while it is yet in session ; let
the country present, as it were, one unanimous petition
against the continuance of these ovressive laws. Op-
pressive, did we say ?—nay, iniquitous towards Canada, if
their maintenance is persevered in after their effects are
are clearly pointed out."
We cannot question the loyalty of our Canadian fellow-
countrymen. But we ask of her Majesty's Ministers—
can they expect two millions of industrious people, how-
ever loyal, to cling long to a connexion which offers them
only the worst part of a bargain ?

We observe the arrival in our river yesterday of the
splendid new Glasgow trader " Sapphire." This vessel is
certainly a gem of surpassing beauty, and adds another
superior vessel to the fine line of traders, " Opal,"
" Topaz," " Amethyst," &c., for which Messrs. M'Ar-
thur and Co. are agents.
CRICKET.—A single-wicket match will be played this
day, between*Mr. Cambridge of the Edge-hill. and Mr.
J. F. Rose of the Olympus Cricket Club, on the Edge-
hill ground. Hall-lane, Kensington. The wickets will be
pitched at 5p m. A good deal of money is pending on
the result, the friends of each being sanguine of victory.
SPORTING.—There is no great abundance of game in
the neighbourhood of such a town as this. We may
state, however, to the regret of those interested, that the
poachers have already been at work, and several fine
coveys which had been seenhave, we fear, disappeared. The
birds were well grown, strong on the wing, and sucn as
sportsmen would wish them to be on the Ist of Septem-
ber. Four coveys, recently seen near Garston, have
already been pvt hors-de-eombat by depredators.
ROBBERY AT THE PRINCE'S BANQUET AT 'IFIE
TOWN-HALL, AND AT THE LICENSED VICTUALLERS'
DINNER.—At the Police court, yesterday, a respectable
looking elderly female, named Susan Handles, was com-
plained against as having stolen from the Town-hall a
small brass pan, the property of the corporation of Liver-
pool, on the night of the royal banquet, and also, of hav-
ing subFequently stolen a broom, &c., from the Licensed
Victuallers premises, in St. Anne-street, on the night .of
their annual dinner, on the 15th instant. The prisoner
had been employed on both occasions to assist in the
cuisine. Some things having been missed at the latter
place, and suspicion having fallen on the prisoner, her
house, in the neighbourhood of St. Anne-street, was
searched by two police-officers, who found not only the
besem, (be'eneng to Mr. Towers, of the Angel Inn) but
the pan, both of which were identified. The prisoner
said she had received the pan, full of soup, from the head
cook, at the Town-hall, and bad intended to return it,
ut being called to see her daughter, who was in child-
Led in C! e,hire, she had not had time to do so. She ad-
ded, that with respect to the besom, she had been allowed
to sweep up some potatoe parings, &c., at the Licensed
Victuallers' house, and to take them ; that the brush
happened to be amongst them, and that, from the reason
before stated, she bad not had time to ascertain whether
it belonged to Mr. Towers, who had provided the dinner,
or to the victuallers, but that she intended to return it
also. She had, it appeared, told a different story rela-
tive to the pan to one of the police-officers, and under the
circumstances Mr. Rushton committed her for trial. A
daughter of the prisoner, who appeared to be much dis-
tressed, addressed the magistrate, stating that she had
witnesses in court who could speak to the good character
of her mother, but the case appeared to be too palpable
to admit of th-irbeing heard atthis stageof the proceedings.
SPLENDID PAINTING AT MR. GRUNDY'S.—We had
yesterday the pleasure of a cut sory examination of a
splendid painting " Feeding the Horses," by J. F. Her-
ring, senior, Esq., now on private view at Mr. Grundy's
repository, Church street. The subject is one of intense
interest, representing a scene of rustic magnificence, " A
Halt with Horses, and refreshments beneath the cool
shade of Mine Host's' Gateway," a subject the artist has
handled with that powerfully graphic pencil that has ad-
vanced him to the envious position of a leading artist of
the modern school ; dwelling not on the delicacy of finish,
the elaborate detail, or beauty of conception, we must
pronounce it a splendid composition. which, though dif-
fering in subject and style from any we have seen pre-
viously by the same talented painter, partakes of all that
warmth of feeling so fully exhibited in his other produc-
tions. It is truly said, that however talented an artist
may be, he will ultimately find a rival ; and this picture,
which is painted as a companion to Landseer's Shoeing,"
goes far to prove the ve:acity of that assertion, and will
doubtless place the painter as a delineator of animal life
in the hignest reputation amongst the admirers of British
art. The subject is an exceedingly happy one. A fine
modelled chestnut horse forms the principal -feature of
the picture, which is being fed from a riddle by the os-
tler, a brawny Scotchman, who is seated on a tub looking
intently at " a Grey" that is held by a Scotch lassie,
whose simple attiee—a blue petticoat and a gracefully
folding wrapper—adds a lustre to her simple but beau-
tiful and expressive countenance. The muscular arm
of the ostler is admirably depicted, as also is the dra-
oCfhietsstnmuteci,
bwihdossedefiesynecesetoemosurbdenet.
In drawing, it is faithful to life, and
"harmoniously warm—the high lights
with the powerfully toned shades—
thattsopmhcen
rer dra-
pery theent;oiosasupnotudi
invisibly
nvgtev hyi
sseoiorb y powers.
it not only gives a rotundity, but an indescribable
semblance to nature. The saddle sits beautifully and the
perpendicular hanging of the stirrup greatly increases the
effect that the well-fed silken coated animal presents.
The back ground, like many of Landseer's is an archway,
from which a depth of tone is derived that throws forward
powerfully the whole of the figures. In detail the pro-
duction is equally admirable. The poultry (the plumage
of which is varied soft and delicate)—picking the scattered
grain from the pavement—the " iron-bound bucket"—
the gothic window, filled with exotics—the horse-cloth—
are pleasing subjects introduced by the heightened imagi-
nation of the painter. Our space precludes us from
further detail. We must urge our readers to take their
. earliest opportunity of viewing the picture itself.

A ug. 18, 1840.

CONSOLATORY TO THE BRITISH FARMER.

In the debate upon the New Tariff Bill, in the American
senate, Mr. Al`Duffie, after highly eulogising Sir Robert
Peel for repealing the Corn Law, gave his opinion that,
under the operation of a free trade in grain, "in less than
t,n years the Missisippi valley would export fifteen
millions of produce to England, in exchange for manu-
factures, at one-half the cost under the protecttee system."
Of course the Missisippi valley is not to have the privi-
lege of supplying us all to itself. The Ohio and other
valleys will put in a claim ; and Hungary, Poland, and
Russia, are ready to enter the lists. From all these
sources the supply must, in time, become quite plethoric;
and the difficulty will be, not to procure grain and flour,
hut to find stomachs to put it in. John Bull is emphati-
cally an eating animal ; but, unfortunately, he cannot eat
all the corn of all the fine valleys of America and the rest
of the world, even if supplied at half price, and paid for
in calicoes.

It is clear, however, that we must get our digestive
powers in order for the impending surfeit ; and equally
clear that the British agriculturist may turn his plough-
share into a loom, his spade into a shuttle or a
spindle, and his fields into bleach crofts, as soon as he
likes. 11 is present avocations cannot be very profitable
ones, with wheat at " one-half the cost" it was under the
protective system. We may cease to trouble ourselves
with questimis of currency, bank notes, and bullion, since
cottons and woollens are to become our only circulating
medium.