The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-12-12 00:00:00

Till LIVERPOOL STVIDARD.

tended itself to him, and placed him in a position to feel
more acutely his intellectual superiority and his physical
wants, without at the same time enabling him clearly to
distinguish the causes of the latter; and it was on a po•
pulation thus half instructed that evil men attempted to
work their mischievous designs, and to sever those bonds
by which society could alone exist in cordial union. They
had tried to persuade them that a general feeling existed
amongst the rich to act towards them as oppressors, and
that an organicchange in our laws was the only preserva-
tive against a condition of absolute slavery. One of the
means employed by these men to promote their designs was
the calling together their unfortunate dues, in order, as
they said, to discuss their grievances, but really to enforce
upon them the necessity of an entire change in our several
systems, and the acquisition of certain political rights,
which were to redress all wrongs and to render them
again comfortable and happy. The inculcation of such
doctrines would however,always be attended with its legiti-
mate fruits; and, from the experience of other nations,he
felt justified in saying they would aggravate and not dimi-
nish the privation they were called upon to sustain, and
the distress they were unhappily suffering. The learned
judge then, in order to show that the possession of politi-
cal rights was no indication or guarantee for the posses-
sion of physical comforts, referred to certain documents
which had been published in Paris, demonstrating that
during the French monarchy, previously to the revolution
of 1789, the physical comforts possessed by the poor
greatly exceeded those possessed by them subsequent to
that event. It had been assumed, on very competent
authority, that the physical comforts of the poor might
be safely judged of by the quantity of meat consumed by
the population ; and, taking this as the criterion, the sta-
tistics of Paris gave the following result:—ln 1789, du-
ring the period of the old monarchy, the quantity of
meat consumed was 1471 b. per man : in 1817, after the
Bourbon dynasty had been restored to the throne, sub-
sequent to the revolution, it was 1101 b. 2oz. per man ;
and in 1827, the medium period between the restoration
of the Bourbons and the present time, the average was
still about 110Ib. ; while, after the revolution of 1830,
it fell to 981 b. lloz., and at this period it was in all pro-
bability still less. These statistics at least showed that
prosperity and political rights on the part of the poor did
CLOSE OF THE TRIAL OF THE SEVEN BISHOPS. not always exist together, and this was the truth he
The jury retired at dark. All night long the solicitor I wished to make clear, and not that political rights in
for the bishops, with a body of attendants, watched the themselves were not to be desired or enjoyed It
door of the room in which they were confined, to pre- might sometimes be desirable to acquire political rights,
elude any communication or supplies. As day broke a even at the expense of suffering ; but all he would
little water for washing was taken in to them, which they urge on his poorer friends was, that before they disturbed
lapped up like famished hounds. Nine were for acquittal, the peace of the country they should sit down and inquire
three for conviction. This minority soon dwindled to a what would be the cost to themselves—whether the intro-
solitary unit, but the unit was formidable. Michael Ar- duction of confusion and anarchy into our complicated
nold, the brewer to the palace, had been heard before the social system for the sake of a doubtful good would nob
trial wringing his hands and crying, " Whatever Ido I render them less happy and comfortable in their circum-
must be half ruined ! If I say ' Not guilty,' I shall brew stances than they had previousiy been. He believed that
no more for the King ; and if I say ' Guilty,' I shall brew no rational man acquainted with the circumstances of the
no more for anybody else." He now threatened to hold country would hesitate as to what course he ought to pur-
out, but Thomas Austin, a country gentleman of good sue, but would see it to be his interest as well as his duty
estate, who had conscientiously taken notes all through to remain quiet, and seek such changes as he might deem
the case, after vainly challenging his stubborn fellow-juror desirable, not by physical force, but by an appeal to con-
to argument, at length exclaimed, " Look at me. lam stitutional means only. This brought him to the second
the largest and strongest of the twelve, and before I find point on which hefelt it his duty to address them, viz., how
such a petition as this a libel, I will stay here till lam no to provide a remedy for the evils to which he had alluded,
bigger than a tobacco-pipe." and the effect of which he had briefly attempted to de-
At ten the Court again met ; the crowd was greater scribe. Now, he believed that our safety lay in education
than ever. The jury appeared in their box, and there was —education rightly directed. We must teach the people
a breathless stillness, not only :heir duty to God but also to their neighbours,
Sir Samuel Astry spoke. "Do you find the defendants, and, if we did this, we need not fear for our future
or any of them, guilty of the misdemeanour whereof they tranquillity. But how was this to be done ? Why, much
are impeached, or not guilty ?" Sir Roger Langley an- in the same way as a good father would teach his
swered, " Not guilty." As the words passed his lips, own children. We must do it uniformly in a kind and
Halifax sprang up and waved his hat. At that signal affectionate manner, in such a manner as to convince them
benches and galleries raised a shout. In a moment ten that we love them, and that we are seeking their good,
thousand persons, who crowded the great ball, replied and not our own. This was the mode in which a father
with a still louder shout, which made the old oaken roof instructed his children, and this was the way in which the
crack, and in another moment the innumerable throng poor must also be instructed; for, having convinced them
without set up a third huzza, which was heard at Temple that we loved them, it would be comparatively e sy to
Bar. The boats which covered the Thames gave an an- communicate those lessons of wisdom which it was of im-
swering cheer. A peal of gunpowder was heard on the portance they should learn. The manufacturer must
water, and :mother, and another, and so in a few moments thus teach his workmen, the tradesman must thus teach
the glad' tidings went flying past the Savoy and the Friars his apprentice, and the clergy, in their more extended
-.trio-bridge, and to the forest of masts below. As sphere, would inculcate the same lessons on their respec-
.treets and squares. market-places and tive flocks. Being thus prepared, he thought the people
. . . .. - - --

EXTRACTS FROM MR. MACAULAY'S HISTORY

OF ENGLAND

THE FAMOUS JUDGE JEFFREYS.
He was a man of ouick and vigorous parts, but constitu-
tionally prone to insolence and the angry passions.
When just emerging from boyhood he had risen into
practice at the Old Bailey Bar—a bar where advocates have
always used a license of tongue unknown at Westminster
Hall. Here during many years his business was to exa-
mine and cross-examine the most hardened miscreants of
a great capital. Daily conflicts with prostitutes snd
thieves called out and exercised his powers so effectually
that he became the most consummate bully ever known
in his profession. All tenderness for the feelings of
others, all sense of the becoming, were obliterated from
his mind. He acquired a boundless command of the rhe-
toric in which the vulgar express hatred and contempt.
The profusion of maledictions and vituperative epithets
which composed his vocabulary could hardly have been ri-
valled in the fish-market or the beargarden. His counte-
nance and his voice must always have been unamiable.
But these natural advantages, for such he seems to have
thought them, he had improved to such a degree, that
there were few who, in his paroxysms of rage. could see or
hear him without emotion. The glare of his eyes had a
fascination for the unhappy victim on whom they were
fixed. Yet his brow and his eves were said to be less ter-
rible than the savaze lines of his mouth. His yell of
fury (as was said by who had often heard it) sounded
like the thunder of the judgment-day. These qualifica-
tions he carried, while still a young man, from the bar to
the bench. He early became Common-Serjeant, and then
Recorder of London. As a judge at the City Sessions he
exhibited the same propensities which afterwards, in a
higher post, gained for him an unenviable immortality.
Already might be remarked in him the most odious vice
which is incident in human nature,—a delight in misery,
merely as misery. There was a fiendish exultation in the
way in which he pronounced sentence on offenders.
Their weeping and imploring seemed to titillate him vo-
luptuou,ly, and he loved to scare them into fits by dilating
with luxuriant amplification on all the details of what they
had to suffer.

- - . -
coffee-houses, broke forth into acclamations. Yet were would readily be brought to understand that the a.:cumu-
the acclamations less strange than the weeping. For the lation of capital in the manufacturing districts was a
feelings of men had been wound up to such a point that blessing to the workmen, by providing a fund, like that
at length the stern English nature, so little used to out- of Joseph 'n Egypt, out of which years of scarcity
ward signs of emotion, gave way, and thousands sobbed might be provided for, and the workmen saved in
' t'or very joy. Meanwhile from the outskirts of some measure from deprivation of work, even when
1-,,rsemen were spurring off to bear alor ' 1 )- t'ie fluctuation to wh'

the mu!

ag I trade itself was prejudicea oy
ds intelligence Of the victory of our church lit was subjected. Then also wou

voked, and to win a way as was his wont, into the- good
graces of his victim—or whether this last affront proved
irremediable and he was compelled to seek further enter-
tainment for himself and horse at the " Flower-pot "
minor, unfortunately our informant is at fault.

etntral

The executors named by the will of Lord Melbourne
are Lord Brougham and Mr. Edward Ellice.
Jenny Lind has promised to sing gratuitously at a con-
cert at Birmingham for the Queen's Hospital.
On Sunday night week, during the heavy gale, a stone
fell from one of the houses in Edinburgh on the head of a
young woman, who was killed instantly.
Richard Harris, Esq., M.P. for Leicester, was origi-
nally " P.D." in Sir R. Phillip's printing-office, in the
town which Mr. Harris now represents.
The Master of the Rolls has continued the injunction
to prevent any buildings being erected on the open space
in Leicester-square, London.
A sale of property in MonmouthAiire, belonging to the
Duke of Beaufort, took place on Tuesday and Wednesday

last, and realised .Z 45,000.
The increase of vagrancy in the metropolis has aroused
the attention of the civic authorities. Combined action of
all the unions is proposed to check the evil.
HOMICIDE.—A quarrel took place at Newport, on
Thursday, between John Collins, a hauler on the tram-
road. and an Irishman, named Richardson, which resulted
in the death of the latter. .

The Chancellor of the Exchequer has received from
" R. K." half notes for .f.. 30 on "account of income-tax."
He has also received from "an African slave-catcher" £57,
which will be paid into the Exchequer.
A meeting of the Oxford and Cambridge University
Club has been summoned for the 15th instant, to deter-
mine whether William Smith O'Beien, Esq., M.P., has
merited expulsion or not.
On Saturday week the steam-ship Glenalbyn came into
collision at the mouth of the Humber with the brig Fate,
when the latter instantly gunk. The crew were saved by
leaping on board the steamer.
Nearly three million pairs of gloves have been imported
into this country in the first ten months of the present
year, the glove makers here being meanwhile in an appal-
ling state of destitution from want of employment.
The postmaster has issued a notice that, on and after
the Ist of January next, the transaction of money order

business on the Sunday will be entirely discontinue` that one ot . ...emons ot n..
throughout England and Wales. were conversing had arrived bodily, to resent their 11.,
A. poulterer at Spaldirg, Lincolnshire, is preparing to sion on his chosen domicile. The ox hung by his fore-
supply the London markets with Christmas fare, by fat- quarters, his fore legs projecting over the eaves, bellowing
iening upwards of 3000 geese, which daily eat 21 sacks loudly, and cut a most ridiculous appearance. A couple
of oats. of butchers, having secured him with ropes. contrived to
On Tuesday week, Sheffield fair day, upwards of 800 of release him from his elevation, and, as he was still much
the licensed victuallers and their friends, of Birmingham, infuriated, they slaughtered him on the spot.
- _ _ ,-....._....... Un—, ....AA. nafata of

of WI