The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1850-06-25 00:00:00

fiITRAPOOL ”ANDAI4;

EXAMINATION.—On Wednesday last the young ladies INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL CONDITION
of Miss Bunbury's seminary, 93, Bedford-street South, OF LIVERPOOL IN THE FOURTH YEAR OF
were examined in St. Bridels School, Gray-street, before FREE TRADE.
a brilliant and fashionable audience, by Mr. William
Clarke, the talented master of the South Church of
England Infant School. The examination commenced In commencing the task which we have imposed upon
with Scripture history, embracing the geography of ourselves, of instituting a personal inquiry into the con-
Palestine, Egypt, Assyria, &c., and chronology. Their dition of the commercial and industrial interests of
answers proved that they were thoroughly acquainted ...
with the subjects, and the correctness and facility with Liverpool, and laying its result before our readers-in a
which they gave the different dates were really astonish- series of articles, our motives are simply these :,—We
ing. Indeed, the vivid manner in which they were have been told, from time to time, by government, and
interrogated, and the astonishing celerity of their answers
unmistakeably prove that the amount of knowledge thus the abetters of their policy, that our population of all
communicated will be permanent. All the pupils were classes, and especially the working and tradesmen classes,
glowing with the greatest excitement. The younger were in the enjoyment of a high amount of prosperity
pupils were next examined in natural history, geography
that food was cheap, ,and that these classes were thus;
of England, together withhistory and chronology: here also
the pupils showed great ability. During the time allowed enabled to procure an increased quantity of the necessa-
for refreshment, Mr. W. Tomkison, who presided at the ries of life in exchange for their earnings. In proof of
piano forte, creditably played several appropriate pieces this, our attention was directed to the feet, that the local
of music; and also ably assisted the pupils in singing the
rates of Liverpool this year are considerably less than
various pieces interspersed during the examination. The
pupils were examined most minutely in the history of the last year, and that the poor's rate, in particular, had
Tam line of sovereigns, combined with geography and decreased. Such a decrease we should have been per-
chronology, which lasted till 5 o'clock; and thus closed fectly ready to admit as forming, in ordinary cases, a fair
one of the most interesting of our local examinations. index of the condition of a community. But we remem-
A PASSAGE IN THE LIFE OF A FACTORY GIRL.— bered that peculiar circumstances had regulated the rating
About noon, on Saturday last, a girl named Elizabeth Ito the poor during the past three years. We had first a
Lee went into the shop of Mr. William M'lutosh, dra- year of fever and extensive pauper immigration from
per, Oldham-street, and took a dress-piece from a vile of Ireland, to provide for which the resources of the parish
goods some distance inside the door, which she placed were largely drawn upon. Last year wo were visited with
under a shawl, and then ran away. The thief was noticed cholera, and a largely increased poor's rate was called for,
by one of the shopmen, who followed and caught the reaching the unprecedented amount of 3s. 2d. in the
girl with the piece of print in her possession ; she was pound. This, however, was not alone to meet the
immediately given into custody. On Monday morning expenditure of that particular period, great as it was,
she was brought up at the Borough Court, and when but also to wipe off a balance at the bank which
placed in the dock she was crying bitterly. On being had accumulated against the parish, to the amount,
asked what she had to say to the charge, she stated that in round numbers, of nearly £50,000. By extraor-
she had been working in a factory, but in consequence of dinary exertions on the part of the collectors, that
some slight accident or fault, was " bagged" on Wednes- balance was nearly liquidated ; and this year we have
day last. " I feared to tell my father," continued the had only to provide for the legitimate wants of the parish.
poor girl, apparently with the greatest sincerity, "because Hence the fact of our decreased poor's rate, upon which
I have six little brothers and sisters, and I know that he a stress has been laid as affording a proof of the improved
hal no money to buy them food, and I wanted to make condition of our working population. Other similarly
up my wages. Oh, I don't know what it was, but some- fallacious arguments and alleged facts have been put for-
thing tempted me to dolt." The father, a decent-look- ward for the same purpose, whilst at the very time the
hie man, said that the prisoner had got up at half-past complaints and evidences of widely-spread distress have
five o'clock every morning during the week to go to her been rife around us ; and we, therefore, determined to
work as usual. She had always behaved herself, and was endeavour to arrive at the actual facts of our condition,
a great help to him in bringing up his motherless chil- and, where they were patent, the causes to which it is
dren. "It wasn't that I was afraid of father," said the attributable. In doing this, we have confined our inqui-
prisoner ; "he wouldn't have beat me ; only he frets so." ries to no part or class in the community. We shall tor-
Mr. Hodgson discharged the prisoner, and she left the ture no facts to serve any purpose, and omit none which
dock with a fresh burst of tears, and with a fervent "God would detract from the truthfulness of the picture which
bless you, sir," from her father.—Manchester Guardian. we present ; and no one, we think, however blinded by

prejudice, or wedded to party, can deny the importance
MEETING OF PROTECTIONISTS AT HALSALL, of such picture being fully and fairly exhibited. Let us
know what disease it is, if any, which afflicts us ; and
On Friday evening last a great meeting of the friends then we may possibly arrive at the cause and the curative
of Protection took place at Halsall. It was announced process required.
to be held in the school-room attached to the Church, but Another explanation we mast premise, arising out of
from the great number who attended an adjournment our known opinions in favour of a fair protection to every
was necessary to the large club-room ; upwards of 300 branch of native industry. We beg distinctly to be under-
of the principal gentry, tradesmen, and farmers were stood as not attributing the state of things, which we shall
present; among whom we noticed Captain Armstrong, have to disclose as existing amongst us, entirely to our
Aspinwall, W. Balshaw, Blundell, R. C. Collinson, free trade policy. A portion of the evils of our position
A. B. Gouss, H. Gibbins, H. Fairclough, H. Heaton, may, and does, undoubtedly, arise from the mistaken
Thos. Mawdsley, seer., Thomas Mawdsley, jun., W. policy of the national legislature ; but some of them are
W. Mawdsley, R. Mawdsley, Edward Myers, (Liverpool) attributable to mistakes in our local policy, and some to
J. Mill, J. Park, J. Pye, H. Rigby, W. Rigby, R. Whal- individual want of foresight. In attempting to account
ley, W. Whelsby, E. Sutton, E. Segar, &c., &c. for the existence of such evils, and to point out their cure,
Mr. Thomas Fisher Moore was called to the chair, and, we shall make the distinction pointed out with as much
having opened the meeting, the following resolutions were candour as possible. Our chief object, we repeat, is to
unanimously carried : arrive at the truth ; and to enable us to do this we now
"That this meeting considers Free Trade and the Repeal of invite our fellow-townsmen to give us the benefit of their
the Corn Laws have caused the unprecedented low prices of all experience, and of any information which they may pos-
kinds of Agricultural Produce, during the last season, and sees, in every case where our own inquiries may seem to
consequent great losses amongst the cultivators thereof, which
if continued, must not only tend greatly :to reduce the wages them to have failed in eliciting facts sufficiently, or where
of the Day Labourers, but also bring ruin on many of the Ten- the conclusions which we have drawn appear to them to
ant Farmers ; and therefore thinks it imperative to use every be biased in any direction. We may likewise explain that
legal endeavour to procure the re-enactment of such Laws as it will not be, in every case, possible for us to classify the
shall give Protection to thehighly taxed Industry of this nation, results of our inquiries very strictly, as bearing upon the
against the comparative untaxed Labour of Foreign Countries, condition of particular interests or trades. Su
a classi-
and for the repeal of which so much false assertion, treachery,
and unconstitutional means were used." fication it would, undoubtedly, be our study to make,
R. B. SMITH, Esq.,addressed the meeting on this reso- were we publishing a formal and carefully compiled
lution. He had spent a great many years in Dantzic, and statistical essay. Our leisure, however, and our opportu-
nities, only allow us to give our facts in the order in which
showed, from the great national advantages which they
possessed, with that of conveying grain from the interior we glean them.
of the country to the: banks of the Vistula during the In commencing the prosecution of our inquiry, our first
winter, and the low rate of freights to this country, it endeavour was to ascertain the condition of the leading
would be a dead loss to the British farmer to grow wheat retail tradesmen of the town ; and, so far as we have pro-
while exposed to such foreign competition. Having sup- gressed, we have received the admission that it is now,
ported the resolution with much warmth, he concluded and has been for the last two or three years, highly unsa-
by impressing upon those present the desirableness of the tisfactory. A few shopkeepers, who deal in fancy articles,
farmers educating their children in agricultural science. consumed by the wealthy classes, have had, during the
Mr. A. B. Gouss spoke upon the second resolution. Past few weeks, a spirt of business, attributable in part
" That the parish be formed into an Association for to the season, and to the gratifying change which has
that purpose under the name of "THE HALSALL Aoetcut- taken place in the weather. By many of these, however,
TURAL PROTECTION ASSOCIATION," whose duty it shall be it is admitted that their business possesses nothing of that
not only to further Protection in all its branches, by dissemina- healthy buoyancy, and promise of permanency, which it
ting information on the subject, and attending to the Regis- • • '
possessed. in former years. Their profits have been ma-
tration in order to insure the return of members for the County
supporting such principles, but also to use every endeavour to tenon), reduced •; low priced articles are being more ex-
lessen all Local and other Rates and Taxation, promote the tensively introduced into their establishments ; and it
general interests of the Township, and withstand every thing only requires a man to walk through the town with his
that may in any wise tend to injure the same." eyes open, to observe what desperate exertions are being
He said that the question was a question for all classes. used by some of them to force a business, and to turn
He as a tradesman had felt the effects of free trade, The over money, Another exceptional class are the dealers
farmers had not the money to expend with him, and he in light summer goods, as cheap substitutes for the more
could not give orders to the travellers. A few years ago serviceable articles of clothing formerly worn by our mer-
there were fifteen men engaged in the manufacture of cantile and middle classes. Feeling that cheapness is the
hats in Ormskirk, and now there were only three. He rage, they are thriving by adapting their trade to the
felt satisfied that a reaction would sooner or later take times. Handsome shops, and tasteful, showy, and cheap
place in all the manufacturing towns. goods, are their weapons. The more regular tradesmen,
The third resolution was as follows : however—shopkeepers and others, who have been accus-
" That this Meeting binds itself to support such Association tomed to supply families with the staple articles of con-
in every possible way, and hereby agrees to a Voluntary Rate,
to meet the necessary expenses thereto, of one farthing in the sumption -and every day use—complain, almost without
pound on the rateable value for the ensuing year." exception, of the general dulness which has lately pre-
EDWARD MYERS, Esq., Liverpool, was called upon to veiled. Their former customers they find economizing
support this resolution. After a preliminary address, he in every possible way, and accounts owing them in unex-
said that the object of free trade was to throw British ceptionable quarters, by parties known to be possessed of
industry and British produce into competition with the • ample means, are tardily and with difficulty collected.
world ;he compared this country with others, and pointed They turn over less money than in former years, and,
out most clearly the great advantage they possessed, in although content to receive a fair tradesman's profit, find
cheapness of living, taxation, &c., and most of them themselves driven to sell for a mere shade above cost
having the raw materials of manufacture close at hand. price, to prevent their business being diverted from them
He wanted to know what was there in the geographical by the reckless competition by which they are surrounded.
position of America and her climate to prevent her from One cause of the depression of which this class of
manufacturing every article which we produce in this tradesmen complain—many of them old inhabitants and
country, and, with those advantages already pointed out, natives of the town, having contributed for years to its
at a much cheaper rate than they can be made at home ? growth by the payment of high rates—is the encourage-
Nothing that he knew of. And if that be so, (under the ment given by our public bodies to the competition which
system of free trade,) what will prevent her from filling is ruining them, by general adoption of the system of
every city, town, village, shop, and house, with her pro- contract and tender. The corporation is supplied by
ductions. He would tell them the good government and contract with every article, however insignificant, which
wise policy of her Majesty's ministers would be in pro- it requires. Our tradesmen are systematically invited to
tecting the industry of this country. After an able and underbid each other ; and the successful competitor
rather lengthy address, during which he was frequently generally gains a loss. The Dock Committee has re-
interrupted by bursts of applause, he strongly urged cently given the contract for hats for the ddck police to
upon the meeting the formation of societies in every an Oldham manufacturer; its stationery is supplied by
parish, and a preparation for the next election in an una- the agent of an Edinburgh paper maker. The London
nimity of these societies, and a determination to use their and North-Western Railway Company, with their
influence in rejecting such candidates as present them- vast revenue, scarcely spend a shilling among the
selves for their election, and who will not pledge their tradesmen in Liverpool. Our mercantile firms fol-
word to protect the labour' and industry of their consti- low the example set them by our public bodies
tuents against the unfair competition of the world. Mr. and great companies •, and carry their orders to
Myers resumed his seat amidst the most rapturous ap- the cheap pretender, wherever his locality, and utterly
plause. regardless of the claims of their neighbours—the respect-
A committee was then named, and it was resolved,— able local tradesmen. We have become, in fact, cosmo-
" That this be a committee to promote and carry out these politan in our sympathies ; and patronize the " cheap
views, who are hereby empowered and recommended to unite and nasty" in most of our dealings. Independently of this
with the Protection Associations of any other township of the cause, however, of the depression of the condition of the
parish founded on the same principles; and if the whole parish
agree to associate for mutual benefit, then that this association legitimate
.and respectable tradesmen of the town, the
be called ' The Halsall Parochial Agricultural Protection Asso- fact is readily admitted that a large portion of their cus-
ciation ;' and if such Parochial Association be formed, then tomers of all classes are no longer able to purchase, or
that it also be recommended to unite with other parishes or consume, to the extent which they were in the habit of
townships of the Ormskirk Union, and so form one association doing a few years ago. Large masses of mercantile
for all general purposes. And capital have been swept away by the recent monetary and
" That an annual meeting of the association be held in the commercial crisis. The diminished profits of one class
school in Halsall, in the first week of June, when a statement
of accounts, and the proceedings of the committee for the past reacts upon the trade of another ; and diminished incomes
year, shall be produced." lead inevitably to the necessity of diminished expendi-
After a vote of thanks to the chairman, who neatly ture, wherever it can be effected without compromising
replied to the compliment, the meeting adjourned, on the standing or the credit of those who resort to such a
the motion of Mr. Sutton, to the open air, and caused the mode of repairing the consequences of past indiscretion or
neighbourhood to resound with their cheers, three times misfortune.
three being given for " British Protection, " the Queen," We have gleaned already a few of the experiences of
" Lord Stanley," " the House of Peers," and " Disraeli this class of tradesmen, conveyed to us by themselves, or
and the House of Commons." upon sure authority. We prefer, however, reserving
these until we have made our enquiries more complete,
and shall therefore proceed now to detail the result of our
observations upon the condition of the working classes of
the town, which, we feel confident, will startle many of
our readers. These classes have been singled out as having
been especially benefited by those measures, which have
cheapened food and the other necessaries of life. They
have now, it is said, a larger amount to bestow upon the
comforts and decencies of life, and no reduction has as yet
taken place in the rate of wages paid to them. This we
find to be the case with a few exceptions ; but we also
find that the employment of the bulk of these classes is
no longer permanent. Many of them, receiving the
same rate of wages, are only half-employed ; and some
not even that. We shall give the facts relating to a few
of these as nearly as possible in the words of the parties
from whom we derived them.
J. Cottier is a joiner in Toxteth-park, and his wife has
for years kept a shop for the supply of the working
classes in the neighbourhood, with groceries, &c. He
has known Liverpool since the year 1806, since which the
regular wages of his trade have not been much altered.
There are now, however, no regular shops ; and employ-
ment being precarious, the amount earned has sensibly
decreased. At present, and for the last three years, there
has been nothing doing in the trade. Hundreds of the
best workmen have left the country, and of those remain-
ing behind, about 1400 or 1500 are out of employment.
All who could get away have gone ; and hundreds have
left in an indebted state. Our informant mentioned
several of this class within his own personal knowledge.
The condition of the master tradesman has deteriorated
equally with that of the workman. At present there is
only one master in Toxteth-park who has got any work of
importance in hand ; and this consists in the erection of
one house, and the repairing of a shop ! Many have
been compelled to discharge their apprentices, after
having turned them to knife and shoe cleaning, and other
menial ocmpations, as the only way in which they could
employ them. The greatest source of employment now
possessed by the trade consists of the fitting up of the
steerage births, &c. of emigrant ships, which, having to
be expeditiously done, require the occasional work of a
number of hands. These, the most fortunate of them,
however, do not earn on the average above 12s. a week.
When one of these ships go out of port, the 20 or 30
hands which had been employed fitting her, are thrown
idle until a new job is procured ; and he has seen as many,
as 200 boxes of tools, arranged in rows in our docks, be-
longing to parties on the look-out for this sort of employ-
ment. The returns of his little shop have greatly fallen
off, and numerous bad debts have been contracted, not-
withstanding every precaution in giving credit only to the
honest. Where his wife formerly turned over £l5 a
week in groceries, she turns over now less than £3. And
even in the substitutes for a good meal, resorted to by the
working poor, the consumption is less. For example,
where she formerly sold 200 herrings per week, she can
scarcely get through 50 now ! Philosophers, we dare say
—men of large views, who look only at aggregate result*,

CORRESPONDENCE.

HOW TO PAY ;OR THE PIKE

TO TDB EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD

Sm.,—Having read the letters of Mr. Bancks, which
have appeared in your valuable journal, on the subject of
the Rivington Pike scheme, and the means of carrying it
into effect without the aid of gold, or paying a large
amount for interest, I am quite, convinced his plan is
perfectly feasible. The same property that would guaran-
tee any sum borrowed by the Corporation, would equally
provide for the safety of the paper money issued by them-
selves. If the money required for the undertaking were
borrowed, the inhabitants of Liverpool would have not
only to repay the capital sum, but also the interest, in the
shape of higher rates. By the plan proposed by Mr.
Bancks, the latter charge might be entirely saved. If the
scheme would answer if carried into effect by means of
borrowed capital, it would certainly answer much better
if it could be effected without payment of interest, as the
whole of the proceeds would go to the repayment of capi-
tal, or rather the taking up or retirement of the credit
notes issued by the Corporation for the purpose. Nor
can there be a doubt but, if the Corporation would call a
public reeelng of the inhabitants, and propose a well-di-
gested plan for the accomplishment of the work by the
issue of the credit-paper guaranteed by their property,
and the means and method of its subsequent redemption,
every class of persons would readily receive such money
in payment. Such credit-paper would have a claim to
preference in point of safety over the issues of any private
bank, from the publicity of the property by which it
would be guaranteed ; and it being issued for public pur-
poses, and chargeable with no interest, is an ample set off
against its not being payable in gold by the Corporation,
at the will of the holder, which is rather a nominal than a
real advantage, as gold or other notes would be always ob-
tainable for such thoroughly safe money, when required
for particular purposes. Though we profess to pay each
other in hard cash, as it is called in the common daily
transactions of business, yet it is obvious that all great
transactions, and most of the details of trade, are carried
on by means of credit-money.
If any practical proof of the efficacy and safety of the
plan proposed by Mr. Bancks be required, we have an ex-
cellent one in the erection of the Guernsey Meat Market,
which was effected by guaranteed credit-paper issued by
the authorities of the island, and duly redeemed by the
proceeds of the market ; a brief account of which appeared
in your paper of June 11, 1850.-1 am, sir, &c.,
PRUDENTIUS PROGRESS.

[lf we were permitted to give the name of our corre-
spondent, his well-known reputation as a currency refor-
mer, and his perfect acquaintance with monetary science,
would add very greatly to the weight of his valuable let-
ter.—En. L. S.]

and judge of-a nation's condition from tables of imports
and exports, will doubtless smile at this herring fact, as
unworthy of their consideration.. Buti alas I " the sim-
ple annals of the poor" consist only of a series of such
facts.

The condition of the shipearpenters-of the port differs
only from. that of the joiners, in the fact; that a portion of
the depressed state of their trade is attributable to local
causes, though only a portion. These men-most certainly
feel not at all benefited by the advent of free trade,sor the
cheap loaf, by which it has been accompanied. The vast
amount of foreign tonnage, now frequenting-the port, is
repaired only under circumstances of extraordinary emer-
gency ; and shipbuilding as a trade—the only one which
gives constant employment to a portion of our carpenters
—is rapidly leaving us. As the consequence of this state
bf things; the- employment is only occasional ; and,- al-
though nominally, the wages of the workman still remain
at ss. per day, 10s. per week is the real amount of their
earnings, two days in the week being, on the authority
of an intelligent foreman to one of our leading builders,
the average amount of employment. As an instance of
the precarious nature of the working carpenter's trade,
we may mention that the week before last the number out
of work was estimated at 1,500. Last week, owing to' a
sudden press for repairs, scarcely a man could be found
unemployed. This week a thousand may be idle ; and,
next week, it is quite possible that 1,500 may again be
wasting their strength and skill in idleness. And such
fluctuations in the carpenters' condition must ever be the
case, if they are to depend upon ship-repairing only,
which some parties contend to be sufficient for them, and
steps are not taken to restore the trade of ship-building,
the only trade which can tempt such a body of men to
remain in the port in sufficient numbers to furnish skilled
labour enough for the execution of repairs when prompti-
tude is required. In the meantime it is painful to con-
template the domestic privations experienced by many of
this once thriving class ; and to leave the gradual dilapida-
tion which dire necessity has caused in their once
comfortably " plenished' cottages. Worst of all, both
with them and the joiners, valuable tools, essential to
their trade, have been compelled to be parted with at
ruinous sacrifices. To such an extent, indeed, has this
been the case, that we have been informed by respectable
pawnbrokers that they have been compelled, in a great
measure, to refuse these articles as pledges.
In the course of our inquiries we were introduced to the
still comfortable dwelling of W. Jones, situate in Dixon-
street, Toxteth-park. We beg to apologise to him for
making public his name ; but it is one he need never be
ashamed to own. So cleanly and neatly furnished a
working man's home we never entered. Dixon's occu-
pation has been that of a shipsmith's labourer, and his
efficiency and good character and conduct may be judged
of by the fact that he was for 26 years in his last employ-
ment—Mr. Molyneux's—where he had charge of the
proving machine, a most important department of the
business. Nine months ago Mr. Molyneux was removed
from his premises by the Dock Committee, who required
the site for dock purposes, and, in the altered state of the
trade, he preferred retiring to entering upon new pre-
mises, although, had he been permitted to remain, he
would still have continued employing his old hands.
Jones has realised a little property—two cottages—during
his long period of hard toil, by the frugality of himself and
his wife, upon which he manages to live. Notwithstanding
his character, his intimate knowledge of the resisting
power and quality of iron attained during his management
of Mr. Molyneux's testing machine, he has not earned
2s. per week during the last 9 months, a portion of which
he earned during a short employment (only a few days) at
the corporation testing machine.
Two more little histories of the life of an industrious
working man must suffice for the present, as our limits
are already exceeded. The first is that of Robert Barnes,
lathcleaver. Toxteth-park, for 13 years, since the termi-
nation of his apprenticeship, working in Liverpool.
During the first portion of that period—say 7 years—he
was constantly employed. When the trade fell off he be-
took himself to keeping a little shop, which he continued
for 2 years ; but, being without experience, did no good.
Five years since he began portering, and, in the first three
of these, made generally about 4 days a week. During
the last two years his employment has not reached two
months. Poor Barnes has out of this to keep a wife, who,
fortunately for him, is industrious and striving, and three
Yldren. _ _ _

The last experience, which we can give is that of Wm.
Pooley, 9, Dover-street, Toxteth-park, a whitesmith, and
a sober man of unimpeached character, as are those of
all the parties whose names and cases we have brought
forward. Pooley has recently been 12 weeks out of
work. He was in his previous situation 12 months,
during which time he had seldom employment for more
that 2 days per week. Yet he is precisely the sort of
man, although a little past the prime of life, whom one
would imagine would be chosen as a confidential servant.
About the year 1821 he was engaged by a most respectable
iron firm, with whom he remained for 16 years. He was
subsequently for 12 months at the Brunswick Foundry,
6 years at Messrs. Fawcett's, and subsequently at two
other leading shops. Up to the last 4 years he was
scarcely a week out of constant employment. But since
then few constant shops were to be had, the men being
engaged when a job comes in and dismissed when it is
finished, either to seek other work or to wait until a fresh
job comes in. When he first commenced working as a
journeyman, wages were 255. per week constant, and he
made 255. per week overtime. The wages for constant
work would now be about 225. a-week, which, considering
the greater cheapness of food and necessaries, would be
equal to 30s. then. But, unfortunately, as with nearly
all other trades, employment in this is only occasional,
and the real weekly earnings much below the nominal
rate. _ _

Before closing this first chapter of our enquiries, we
beg to intimate to our readers that we shall be most glad
to receive any information upon the subject which they
embrace, which may be forwarded to us. Real names
and addresses however must be given, not with a view to
publication, but for our own satisfaction. We exclude no
party and no class, our only object being to advance the
cause of truth, and to furnish such information as to the
condition of the various interests of the town, as may
facilitate steps in the proper direction to repair any evil
which may be found to exist.

THE DUKEDOM OF MONTROSE.—Lord Crawford has
made known his intention, in the event of his claim being
successful, to apply to her Majesty for authority to change
the title from " Duke of Montrose" to " Duke of Craw-
ford." The title of " Montrose," it is well known, has
been hereditary in the noble house of Graham, as an earl-
dom, since the year 1505, as a marquisate since the year
1644, and as a dukedom since the year 1707.
On Monday morning, about three o'clock, a most de-
structive fire broke out at No. 12, Phoenix-street, St.
Giles's, London, which, in a comparatively short period,
laid in ruins the property of several families, who were
totally uninsured, and occasioned the death of two females
while endeavouring to escape from the flames, besides
causing serious personal injuries to other inmates, who
were all in bed when the fire commenced.

.• _
To THE LADIES.—At this period, when the beauty of
the season invites to out-door enjoyment, the fair sex are.
of necessity exposed to those influences which are peculi-
arly prejudicial to personal comfort and attraction. The
solar heat produces on the delicate skin the permanent
stain of tan, the disfigurement of freckle, and not unfre-
quently a discoloration and swelling, which gradually
assume one of the multitudinous forms of eruption.
During the ride, promenade, acquatic excursion, or
while otherwise exposed to the scorching rays of the
sun, ladies will find " ROWLANDS' KALYDOR" a most
refreshing preparation for the compleetai, dispelling the
cloud of languor and relaxation, ying all heat and irri-
tability, and immediately affor • g the pleasing sensation
attending restored elasticity and healthful state of the
skin. Composed essential of choice exotics of balsamic
nature, utterly free fr all mineral admixture, and
pleasing and delightful n its effects, Rowlands' Kalydor
tends to neutralize t action of the atmosphere upon the
skin, and to promo that healthy action of the microsco-
pic vessels, by whic 1 its general well-being and the beauty
of its appearanc9/ are so essentially promoted. Freckles,
sunburn, tan, sioots, pimples, flushes and discolourations
i l are eradicate by its application, and give place to a deli-
cately soft, ear, and fair skin. Its purifying and refresh-
ing proper es have obtained its exclusive selection by Her
Majesty the Queen, the Court, and the Royal Family of
Great Britain, and the several Courts of Europe, together
with the elite of the aristocracy, from the sultry climes of
India to the frozen realms of the Czar. The high reputa-
tion it bears induces unprincipled shopkeepers to offer
their spurious Kalydors for sale, containing mineral
astringents utterly ruinous to the complexion, and by their
repellant action endangering health. It is therefore im-
perative on purchasers to see that the words " Rowlands'
Kalydor" are on the wrapper, and "A. Rowland & Sons,
20, Hatton Garden," also engraved on the Government
Stamp affixed on each bottle. Price 4s. 6d. and Bs. 6d.
Sold by the proprietors, and by all respectable chemists
and perfumers.
ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY'S PRIZE MODEL
COTTAGES.—We have received a very neat little work,
published by Messrs. Thos. Dean and Son, Threadneedle-
street, London, containing a detailed specification and
estimate, with plans, sections, elevations, and working
drawings for the construction and ventilation of a pair of
cottages for agricultural labourers, for which the architect, 1
H. Goddard, Esq., of Lincoln, received the Royal Agri-
cultural Society's first prize. The front piece gives a
perspective view of the cottages proposed. which certainly
form as beautiful an ornament to the estate of any land-
owner as can well be conceived, and contrast most advan-
tageously with the ill-proportioned and unsightly struc-
tures which at present deform many a landscape, and of
which the homes of the agricultural labourers of Great
Britain principally consist. Externally, in fact they are
miniature villas, and would invite most of the class for
whom they are intended to habits of neatness and order,
and would especially tend to infuse into the female
portion of them a sort of housepride by affording them
conveniences for cleansing, &c., of a description which do
not at present exist. The object of the architect in laying
out the interior has been, whilst affording every comfort,
and household appliance, to hit upon a plan which renders
the cottages unsuitable for the introduction of two fami-
lies, or letting off any portion of the rooms. This, it
appears to us, will be effectually achieved. The ground
floor is entered from the back into a porch designed to
protect the interior from the inclemency of the weather.
Out of this, towards the front, is the living room, a good
apartment, and a passage leads from the porch to the
staircase, and a good pantry, The proposed fittings-up
are admirably arranged. The up stairs floor contains
three bed-rooms, with a water-closet to each cottage, pro-
vided with a tank above for flushing. The back offices
comprise a court-yard, with a pump and piggery. The
estimate seems to be carefully drawn up, making the cost
of the two cottages and offices, without the cost of land,
about £235. This, however, may be economised in certain
favorable cases. Our only impression against the plan is
that the rent for such erections is beyond the means of the
W
class to be benefited.
e should suggest it, however, as
an admirable one for the suburban cottages of artizens,
&C., in the neighbourhood of our large towns.

EL-lI:GANT TOILET REQUISITES,
under the especial patronage of Her Majesty the Queen,
the Court, and Royal Family of Great Britain, the several So-
vereigns and Courts of Europe, and universally preferred and
esteemed.