The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1851-08-26 00:00:00

ITA LY

A letter from Rome states that Count Alexander Calm-
thine, minister of war during the Republic, who was con-
demned to imprisonment for a long term of years, is im-
mediately to he released from confinement, on the inter-
cession of Baron Usedom, the able Minister of Prussia
to the " Holy See." .

A very singular meteor was observed on the evening of
the 2d instant, over the city of Ferrara, about half-past
ten o'clock, in the form of a fiery globe, which seemed to
pass just above the summits of the tallest edifices in the
,direction of south-east to north-west, leaving behind a
long train of light, and gradually losing itself in spice.
The whole city was illumined by it as if it had been noon-
day; and it was remarked that the lamps above which
the meteor passed were extinguished by its influence.
At 14 minutes past one in the morning a slight undulatory
shock of an earthquake was felt by the inhabitants of the
city, but no demise was done. At the same moment the
shock was telt at Milan, Venice, and Verona.'
The ecclesiastical authorities at Naples, at the sugees-
tion of Rome, have addressed the government for permis-
sion to establish ecclesiastical tribunals which shall be
empowered to punish offences against the Roman Catholic
religion. They also ask for powers to punish those who
neglect confession—in a word, to establish a Holy Office,
or Inquisition.

An Austrian frigate, conveying the router brother of
the Emperor of Austria, has arrived in Naples. His royal
highness proceeded to Gaeta to visit his Neapolitan ➢ia-

TURKEY

The Kane,. Zeilung has advices from Vienna of the
15th instant, announcing the appearance of a British fleet,
strider Admiral Parker, off Tunis. 'lbis event has caused
a profounsl sensation at Vienna, for it is thought to have
some connection with Lord Palmerston's speech on Ori-
ental affairs. t

ARRIVAL OF THE NIAGARA.
LATEST FROM AMERICA AND SAN FRANCISCO.
By the arrival of the British and North American royal
mail steam-shin Niagara, Capt. Stone, we have received
at3vices from New York to the 13th instant inclusive, and
from San. Francisco to the 15th July. The Niagara left
New York on the 13th at noon, and arrived in the river
on Sunday, at. 1.30 p.m., having made the passage in 10
days, 20 hours, and 45 minutes. She brought £7,400

g, and 09 passengers, among whom is Sir Henry
Bulwer, on temporary leave of absence as her
ty'sminister to the United States, and Mr. E. Bulwer.
The whines from America are unimportant. The ex-
citement about the Cuban mission was fast dying away.
The Icaders of the pronunciamento st, Havana had been
shot. It was stated that Mr. Clay was about to retire from
Congress. President Fillmore had visited Virginia, and
met with a warm reception. The ship Jos. Badger, of

-sterlin
Lytto
lidojes

800 for

at New Orleans bar on the 3d instant

She had cotton on board, and was hound for Liverpool.
Subscriptions have been opened in New York for forming
a steam line to Galway, but the proposal does not wear a
promising aspect. Mr. Webb was corstructing a splendid
vessel for the Liverpool Linde, named the Invincible, 20L0
tons register. Miss Lind was at Albany on the Bth, en
route to the Niagara Falls. Several small failures had
taken piece at Albany, Boston, &c. The receipts of gold
st New York from California were expected to exceed
those of any former period. It was anticipated that from
the present month to January next, the bullion received
would amount to 30.000 dollars
W-

from St. Domingo that the Emperor Sou-
ent two regiments of men and ammunition
was thought of making another attack on

with a view i

the Dominicans,

The insurrection at Matanzas had been completely sun-
pressed by the Spanish troops, and the rebels were reduced
to the last extremity, and had taken refuge in the moun-
tains. Business was dull. _ _

Accounts from Coquimbo,. Chili, announce that the
nglish ship Ecuador was totally lost on the 25th June.
The was insured and no lives were lost. She ran on a rocky
point with steam on, and backing off filled and sank.
CALIFORNIA.—The Pacific U.S. mail steam-ship Paci-
ith 800,000 dollars gold dust on freight, 425 passen-
gers, and San Francisco mails of the 14th July, arrived,
on the 29th ultimo, at New York, and landed her freight
at San Juan del Sud. Her passengers took the Nicaragua

route over the Isthmus. traversing the first fifteen miles
by land, crossing Lake Nicaragua in the steam-ship Direc-
steaming down the river to San Juan in the iron
alp Sir EL Bulwer. On arriving at San Juan, 32
hours only having been occu.,ied in crossing the Isthmus,

tor. and

steam -s1

they embarked on board the splendid U.S. steam-ship
Prometheus, on the morninz of the 4th instant, and at 5
a.m., on the 13

ark, after

ge trorn San Francisco of about twenty-nine days

Hithert
the ex pi
The Pr(

), this route has not been used, and the result of
riment has been regarded to most favourable.
metheus took to New York, on freight, 578,579
:old dust and 360 passengers.
ke the following from the New York Herald :
smer Pacific, which made the remarkably short
- "•

rain for Panama, under command of Capt.
been in port only twelve days. To-rnor-
amer Northerner and the Sarah Sands
The steamer goes freighted
accounts of the state of

h the u

thority of the courts

,e- law set at defianCe

f San Francisco, compose

respectable citizens, have

ht 'r ni

more goo•] in the detection of crime than
^rompliFhed by the police in a lifetime.
- -• Rt midnight of a

roan na
stealinc
the la
cons%•r
for rol,'

.ccout;t of the hangi

'ene was witpc
med Jin

t,imilar

tewart, a Syc

was arrested

of desperanot
standing the officers of

, and, notwitt

the law attcwp!Cd to get possessior

f him, was tried,

convicted, and sentenced to be hanged the same da7.
The signal bell was sounded, and the populace rushed by
hundreds to the building of the committee. At the hour
appointed for the execution-Stewart was brought, strongly
pinioned, and guarded by about 500 members of the com-
mittee, walking eight abreast, each armed with a revolver,
taken to one of the public-.wharves, followed by thou-
sands, a rope adjusted to a tackle and crane erected
for hoisting goods and swung between heaven and
earth in full view of the assembled multitude. So solemn
was the scene that each .head of that immense throng
was involuntarily uncovered. No attempt was made
to rescue him, nor was there any other feeling than that
of entire concurrence. The execution took place at two
o'clock in the afternoon. Previous to paying, the forfeit
of Lis crime, Stuart made a full confession of his crimes.
The details establish the fact that he was the leader of
the most desperate gang of villains that has ever preyed
upon a community. San 'Francisco is not the only point
where summary iustice is meted out. Sonora is equ illy
prompt. A man named David Hill, alias Jim Hill, was
arrested for stealing a horse, tried, and, although subse-
quently rescued by Sheriff '.Works, was forcibly taken
from him by the populace, after a hard struggle, and
hung to a tree, in the main street of the town. But the
tragedy which has excited most attention and sympathy
was the hanging of a Mexican woman, named Josepha, at
Downleville, on the Yuba, by the populace. Having had
some difficulty with a miner, she stabbed him to the heart
with a butcher's knife. The people immediately assem-
bled, took her into their custody, gave her a fair trial,
and, upon a conviction, sentenced her to be hung in two
hours. A gallows was erected on a ridge crossing the
river, at the lower end of the town, and at the appointed
hour an immense crowd assembled, and, after bidding
adios and shaking hands with those immediately around
her, she ascended the scaffold, adjusted the rope herself,
releasing a luxuriant head of hair from beneath it, so as to
permit it to flow free, and in a-moment the cords suspend-
ing the scaffold were cut, and she hung suspended between
heaven and earth. Indian troubles are not yet ended.
On the Klamath river the Indians are in open war with
the whites, and are murdering and robbing whenever an
opportunity offers. The Indians have sent off all the
squaws and children, a fact indicative of their design to
commence a general war. Business'haabeen a little more
active since the sailing of the last steamer; but the
immense quantity of goads forced upon the market, at
auction, keeps prices very low."

A San Francico journal, in its summary for tbesteamer
, "The Mormons are making a decided movement
towards establishing a direct communication from the Salt
Lake to the Pacific. A large party have recently arrived
from Salt Like through the Cajon Pass. about sixty files
from Los Angeles, with an expressed determination to
settle in that section. They are said to be negotiating for
the purchase of a very fine rancho belonging 4o Senor An-
tonio Longo. The intelligence from the mines continues
to be extremely encouraging, and a general spirit of con-
tentment seems to prevail among the miners. 'The effects
of•the late fire in this city are yet perceptible. but the
energy and enterprise of our citizens appears to be un-
abated. The burnt district, although not entirely rebuilt,
is pretty thickly studded with tenements of all descrip.
tions, and brick and stone buildings of the most substan-
tialcharacter are in process of creation in all parts:"

One of the correspondents of a New York journal says,
"The mines continue productive, though it has been
remarked by a gentleman high in the confidence of
government, who has recently returned from a ti ip through
the mines, that the amount of money spent and to be ex-
pended the next three years in quartz rock machinery and
experiments of variotis kinds, involving heavy expenditures,
will exceed the profits of gold obtained therefrom in the
subsequent three years of labour and toil. The subject is
beginning to engage the attention of many of our citizens."
A Nevada journal says, " To estimate the immense
wealth which must, according to all indications, exist in
the Gold Tunnel Quartz, we can scarcely realize the result
which our figures give us. We give them as follows
Surface length of vein. 150 feet; depth to which the
same can he worked before reaching the water level of
Deer Creek, 150 feet ; average thickness of the vein rock,
21 feet; number of cubic feet, according to the above
dimensions. 101.500; weight of a cubic foot, 100 pounds ;
average yield per pound, 25 cents ; consequent va►ue of
gold contained in the 101,500 feet in the vein, 2,537,500
dollars :"

Extract of a letter dated Stockton. June 27 :—There
is, at the present time, a great excitement concerning the
Quartz diggings, and some are taking out large sums, but
the majority are barely making a living. From one hole
at Carson's Fiat (70 mlies from here), four hundred
thousand was taken in some two or three months, and it
promises to continue equally rich, if not richer. But it
puts a considerable damper on the spirits of a company
to go down from forty to eighty feet and get nothing.
which is often the case. A company of six had been
working three weeks into a quartz mountain when 1 left
the bar last Monday. They had got down some fourteen
or fifteen feet and had found nothing so far. One of
them had given it up. lam acquainted with them all;
so that had they got anything I should have known it.
A gentleman whom I am acquainted with here in the city,
received a piece from Carson's yesterday, sent by his part-
ner, which weighed 25 ounces. lam at the present time
alone when in the mines, all the rest having left, some
for home and some for other mines. Generally speaking
a man will do better to stay in one place, even if he should
not make as much, for two or three hundred dollars are
soon spent in moving from one place to another here.

• The Brussels Exhibition of Fine Arts was opened on the
Isth. As at Paris, the statues are distributed in the
room containing the paintings. The number of paintings,
statues, water-colour paintings, designs, minatures, &c.,
exhibited is 1479. At the last exhibition in 1848 there
were 1187.

LADIES IN CALIFORNIA.—No one can attend our
houses of worship on the Sabbath, in this city, without
being struck with surprise at the remarkable change which
a few months have brought about in the character of our
church congregations. The time was when to see a lady
in church in San Francisco was a curiosity. Now, they
make up more than one-third of each congregation in every
church. The numerous private dwellings and cottages
which skirt the busy streets of our city, and the constant
increase of our retail shopping houses, are evidences of the
presence of women amongst us. There is now as good fe-
male society in San Francisco as is to be found in any
western or south-western city in the Atlantic States. The
presence of woman in our midst is the only guarantee of
permanent prosperity to our state, and good order and
happiness among oir people.— California Courier.
STEAM-PACKET ON FIRE.—A letter from Calmar
(Sweden), states that on the night of the 10th the Got.
land, packet steamer, with 71 passengers on board, put
into that port on her way from Stockholm to Copenhagen,
for the purpose of receiving such other passengers as
might offer. Not less than 47 persons there came on
board, and the vessel was to leave at two the next morn-
ing, when about midnight one of the cabins was dis-
covered to be on fire. The captain at once sent two men
on shore to request to have the fire-engines brought
down to the quay; but as neither the men nor the as-
sistance applied for appeared, and as the fire was rapidly
gaining strength, the captain and officers resolved to
scuttle the vessel and sink her. This was effected with
great rapidity, the passengers having barely time allowed
them to go on shore. The vessel has not yet been gotup,
so that the amount of damage done is not known ; but it
must be very considerable, as the furniture in the cabins,
which was superb. has been in mest part destroyed. in-
cluding three grand pianofortes by Erard, of Paris.

THE COURT, AND FASHION.
♦

The Earl and Countess of Ellesmere are entertaining a
select circle at Worsley New Hall, Lancashire, where the
noble earl arid family have arrived from the Isle of Wight.
Earl Grey hes left the noble earl's seat for Howick Hall.

Lord Westminster is about to make numerous improve-
ments in the beautiful village church of Eccleston, on the
banks of the Dee above Chester.
Lord Grosvenor's marriage with Lady Constance Leve-
son Gower, his cousin, daughter of the Duke of Suther-
land, will not take place until next year. _ _

PRINCE JOINVILLE.—We understand that this distin-
guished foreigner has been in Preston du-ing the past week.
It is said that the ex-royal family of France contemplate
taking a lease of Dochfour-house, a beautiful mansion
situate on the confines of Loch Ness.

Lord and Lady John Russell propose leaving Richmond
on an early day for the Highlands, her ladyship having
sufficiently recovered from her late indisposition to travel.
LORD AND LADY WARD.—On di!, that amicable ar-
rangements have been effected between Lord and Lady
Ward, and that they will make Witley Court their per-
manent residence for the winter season.

MARRIAGE IN HIGH LIFE.—On Tuesday morning, at
St. George's, Hanover-square, the nuptials of the Hon.
Frederick Byron, second son of Lord and Lady Byron,
and brother of the Hon. Captain Byron. husband of the
bride's sister, and Miss Wescomb, of 28, Upper Brook-
street, Grosvenor-square, were solemnised before a select
circle of the friends and relatives of hot', parties.
DEATH OF THE EARL OF CLARE.—The Earl of Clare,
who has been in a declining state for some time past, ex-
pired yesterday week at Brighton, whither he had retired
for the benefit of his health. The Right Hon. Colonel
Fitzgibbon, brother of the noble lord, succeeds to the
title and estates.
DEATH OF SIR HENRY HEATHCOTE.—This officer
expired on the 16th inst., at his residence, near Havre, in
the 75th year of his age. The deceased was uncle to Sir
William Heathcote, Bart., of Hursley Park, Hampshire.
He entered the navy at an early age, became a post-cap-
tain i❑ 1798. and admiral in 1841.
ARRIVAL OF TILE DUKE OF WELLINGTON AT THE
MENAI-BRIDGE.—His Grace the Duke of Wellington
arrived, on Thursday evening, by the express train, at the
Bangor-station, for the purpose of inspecting the Britan-
nia Tubular Bridge. His grace was met at the station by
T. A. Smith, Eq., of Vaenol, with whom he proceeded

on foot, followed. by his carriage, towards Bangor Ferry,
where he passed the night at the George Hotel. Before
six o'clock on Friday morning the duke, in company with
Mr. Smith, was met at the Britannia-bridge by Mr.
Leigh, the resident engineer of the line ; and, after hav-
ing closely inspected the tube, returned to the Bangor-

station, and at half-past seven set off. accompanied- by
Mr. Ltigh;by an express train, for the purpose of inspect-
ing the Conway-bridge, so as to be in time to proceed
thence by the 940 train for London. The duke looked
remarkably well, and seemed much gratified whilst in-
specting the Britannia-tube. It was an interesting sight

I distinguished in different field ope-
'e by side up the Holyhead-road from
Their active habits and early hours
sly copied by many of our modern
oiyday soldiers and ball-room foxhunters.—Carnarron
Herald.

walking

might be aElvar

IRELAND.

Tn Banagher there are 200 houses either down in ruins
or vacant.

On Tuesday 91 male convicts were brought from Dublin
to Cork by the Great Southern nd Western Railway.
They were.forwarded to Spike Island Depot.
The Duke of Devonshire is expected at Lismore•Castle
in the beginning of the ensuing month. His Grace will
be accompanied by Mr. Paxton, who will superintend
further improvements in the castle and demesne.

•
Notices are posted in Michelstovn, setting forth the
names of the parties who signed memorials against the
Papal Aggression, which is likely to lead to a bad feeling
amongst the people of that neighbourhood.
We are much gratified to learn that all the mountain
farms on the estate of the Marquis of Sligo and Lord
can ate let to several English farmers, who have already
introduced a vast number of stock, and employed a num-
ber of hitherto unemployed labourers.—Mayo Constitution.
DEATH OF THE DEAN OF ARMAGH.—We grieve to
announce the death of the Very Rev. E. G. Hudson, dean
of Armagh, which took place at Glenville, county of Cork,
on the 14th instant. Although a dignitary of the Esta-
blished Cleureh, his political opinions were based upon the
largest and most generous views.—Dublin Evening Post.
CORK WORXHOUSE.—The number of paupers in this
establishment on Tuesday last, was 3,624 ; on that' day
twelvemonth the number was. 3,928; and on the 113tth
August. 1849, it was 4.501. There were 304 less in the
linwe last Tuesday, than on the I9'h August, 1850, and
877 less than on the 19th August, 1849.
.z THE CUNARD STEAMERS.—With reference to the
letter of Sir J. Emerson Tennent respecting these steam-
ers running alternately to Galway and Liverpool, we have
authority for stating that neither tender, offer, or any
kind of proposal to run the royal mail steamers alternately
between Galway and New York and Liverpool and New
York, has ever been made by the Cunard Company.
The other part of the statement that the Cunard Com-
pany's vessels are inferior and slow, is not worth contra-
diction, as all the world knows it is not true.—Morning
Herald.

TRANSATLANTIC PACKET- 6TATION.—A numerous and
highly influential meeting of members of parliament and
merchants of Dublin, railway and landed proprietors, was
held at the Mansion-house, Dublin, on Thursday last,
the Lord Mayor presiding, at which resolutions were una-
nimously entered into, that a packet station on some point
of the Irish coast, to be hereafter decided upon, should be
established. A provisional onmmittee was appointed to
report upon the preliminary steps to be taken for the
formation of a company with a capital of £500,000, for the
purpose of building weasels, and with the view of opening
a steam communicatiwt with America at the point on the
Irish coast to be decided upon as the most approved of,
but without at present any special reference to any one
particular place in preference *to another. The utmost
unanimity pervaded the. roceedings. In connexion with
this important movement, the Lord Mayor gave a splendid
banquet in the evening, at the Mansion-house.

INTOLERANCE.—TiI Kilkenny Moderator Of Saturday
has the following :—" Yesterday, whilst a poor woman
named Oaks, wife to a labourer in the employment of the
Bishop of Ossory, was quietly sitting at her door in
Grange's-road, a funeral ckauced to pass by, and some of
the parties following the procession having observed how
she was engaged, rushed upon her and beat her in the
most cruel manner. The rioters, who were numerous,
entered and surrounded the house, shouting and declaring
that they would burn it, and murder the occupants, the
man for daring to work on the bishop's land on Lady-day,
and the woman for being seen reading the Scriptures. A
large body of police had to proceed to Grange's-road, to
disperse the crowd and protect the house •, and informa-
tions were taken against the rioters by J. Greene, Esq.,
R.M. Oaks has always been a Protestant, but it appears
that his wife, having previously been a Romanist, joined
the Established Church within the last year."
NUMBER OF PROTESTANTS IN IRELAND.—Lord Glen-
gall has clearly demonstrated the fact at the present time,
from data that cannot be controverted, that the Roman
Catholics out-number the Protestants by barely 500,000.
We quote his Lordship's words :—" In 1821 the Protes-
tants numbered 1,900,000 in a population of 8,000,000;
now, in 1851, the Romanists have decreased 1,700,000;
consequently, with this reduction, it remains that, on the
basis of the population being now 6,500,000, the Protes-
tants are only in a minority of 500,000. The Protestants
did not die of famine and disease, and but few have emi-
grated. The conversions to Protestantism have been nu-
merous, and this huge fallacy of the numerical majority of
the Romanists in Ireland will soon evaporate when the
real truth becomes known to the English public. Ro-
manism is on the decrease in Ireland, although among a
particular class in England it may have made some con-
verts." When, too, we remember, that of this 500,000
the great proportion are shut up in the poor-houses, and
that it is expected that, owing to the effects of free-trade,
as many as last year, if not more, will emigrate next year,
we do hope that Parliament will not any more be insulted
with the cowardly and contemptible threat of the " mil-
lions of Irish Roman Catholics."

Place at half-past one. A young man. a Protestant, had
an altercation with some person in the crowd near the en.
trance of the meeting ; he was struck, and the epicures in
bloodshed around him, being wearied from the protracted
scuffle, closed in upon him and shockingly ill-treated him.
One fellow caught him by the neck and endeavoured to
choke him. The foot police came up to 'his assistance and
enclosed him. The crowd became excited, the horse po-
lice arrived, and using their batons very dexterously made
a passage for the police and the assailed, whom they con-
ducted to the nearest station. His face and neck were
torn and scratched, and his clothes were tattered and dis-
figured by mud. A transitory lull took place in the emo-
tions of the multitude, which was followed by another
outbreak, and the riot rs were conducted to the station-
house. There were several rows caused by drunken men
who first fought with those around them, and then fought
with themselves. Two ludicrous scenes occurred. One
sleepy fellow was wrapt in slumber near a lamp-post, and
another, one of those unhappy slaves of circumstances, a
placard bearer, was smoking a pipe by his side, when a
rush of the populace was made and they were obliged to
fly. A knot of old women who sat gossiping on the flags
about the ascendancy of mother Church were also routed.
Throughout the day there were several trifling disturb-
ances. The people moved to and fro in a sea of convul-
sion, and terrible results were expected, but. like a moun-
tain in labour, produced a mouse. The only apparent ef-
fect of the distuiaance was the arrest of one or two tall,
thin wild-looking youths, who struggled hard with the po-
lice to escape from their grasp.
The guards at the Castle and Bank were doubled, and a
company and troop of every infantry and cavalry regiment
in garrison were under arms, to act at a moment's notice.

ECCLESIASTICAL INTELLIGENCE.
♦
PREFERMENTS AND APPOINTMENTS.

Atthitl, Rev. R., M.A., to a Canonry in theeoliegrate Church
,of Middleham, Yorkshire ; Bishop, Rev. G.. 8.A., to the Curacy
of Dinedor, Herefm dshire • Eaxter, Rev. W., to the Rectory of
Tyfield, Hants, and not to ihe Curacy only, as stated in our last
number ; Clarke, Rev. T., to the Rectory of Woodeaton,
oxford ; Curteis, Rev. G. H., M.A., Fellow of Exeter College,
Oxford, to be Fellow of St. Augustine's College, Canterbury •,
Bishop, Rev. W. Chatterley, M.A., to the Perpetual Curacy of
Upton, near Peterborough ; Dowe, Rev. P., 8.A., to the In-
cumbency of the new Church at Knypersley, Staffordshire ;
Fitzgerald, Rev. W., M.A., Trinity College, Dublin. to he Pri-
vate Secreiary and Domestic Chaplain to the Archbishop of
Dublin ; Goodman, Rev. J., to the Curacy of Dunurlin, diocese
of Limerick; Gray, Rev. H., M.A., to the Vicarage of Almonds•
bury, Gloucestershire ; Hautenville, Rev. R4wdon %V , M.A.,
to the Rectory of Eaton Keynell, otherwise Yatton Keynell,
Wilts ; Kitton, Rev. John, M.A., to the Head Mastership of
the Grammar School, Hutton, Preston, Lancashire • Lawson,
Rev. W., to the Curacy of St. John's, Limerick ; Rev.
R.. to the Curacy of Ventry, diocese of Limerick ; Moor, Rev.
A. P., M.A., Fellow of St. Augustine's College, Canterbury, to
be Sub-Warden of the same College—patrons, the Archbishops
of Canterbury and York, and the Bishop of London ; Ormsby,
Rev. W. G., to the Rectory of Arklow, archdiocese of Dublin—
patron, the Archbishop of Dublin ; Radcliffe, Rev. William, to
the Prebend of Donaghmore, archdiocese of Dublin ; Tisdall,
Rev. Charles Edward, to the Curacy of St. Andrew's, Dublin ;
Vincent, Rev. F. A., M.A., late Senior Classical Master at
Leamington College, to be Head Master of Batley Grammar
School. Yorkshire • Webster, Rev. Rowland, Vicar orf Stranton,
to the Vicarage of Kelloe ; White, Rev. John, M.A., to the
Rectory of Grayingliam, Lincolnshire ; Witty. Rev. J. F., to
the Incumbency of Conver-street District, Sheffield ; Wood-
ward, Rev. H., to the Perpetual Curacy of St. James, Thornton,
Yorkshire.