The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-03-14 00:00:00

Mawr gym, MeticititeTnn...— Oar Manchester
readers will perceive that their respected townsman, Mr.
King, of the Bush Inn, has announced a " Derby Sweep"
to be drawn shortly at his establishment. No doubt be will
have many subscribers from this town.

THE BERLIN COFFEE HousE.—One of the most unpre—
tending establishmentsin the town, is the Berlin Coffee-house,
kept by Mr. Eisentein (an old soldier who has served at
Waterloo, and has had three medals given him for his good
conduct), where by far the finest cup of coffee or chocolate
can be procured, we have tasted. Mr. Eisentein's method
is different to the English mode, and is incomparably su-
perior. Foreigners should patronize this establishment as
they will find Cuntinential papers lying on the table.

LARGE Smrs.—There are now in dock, at this port, two
of the largest merchant ships we remember to have ever seen
here,—namely, the Ilappahatiock, burthen 1,225 tons; and
the United Kingdom (which last arrived from Charleston
yesterday), burthen 1,267 tons. The Greenock, burthen
1,309 tons, is also daily expected. It is somewhat remarkable,
as evincing the rapid rise of Liverpool in marine x importance,
that another ship of about equal burthen with the last named,
would, added to the three, equal the entire tobnage of the
whole 84 vessels belonging to the port in the year 1709—
namely, 5,180 tons. In that year the first vessel sailed hence
to Africa, and her burthen was only 30 tons.

DARING HOUSE-ROBBERY.--011 Thursday evening, be-
tween the hours of seven and eight o'clock, a most daring
robbery was effected in the house of Mr. John Stoward, No.
31, Copperas-hill. It appears that the thieves effected an
entrance through the back garret window, and got into the
front bedroom, where they broke open a desk and chest of
drawers, from which they took a pocket-book, containing up-
wards of seventy pounds in gold, including a guinea and a
half-guinea, and the fess' sovereigns and half-sovereigns; a
bag containing £l4 or £l5 in silver; and from a silver cup,
about £25 in sovereigns, half-a-dozen silver spoons, two sil-
ver table-spoons, and a pair of silver sugar-tongs, all marked
J. S. S. in cypher, and six Geneva silver spoons, not marked.
They also took a silver verge watch, maker's name, James
Cawson, Liverpool, No. 973. There were also some gold
rings and other articles of jewellery in the desk, which, for-
tunately escaped their notice. The pocket-book was of red
morocco, and bad the owner's name marked on it in gold let-
ters. During the lapse of time that this daring robbery was
effected, Mr. Stoward and his family were in the kitchen.
Mr. Stoward heard a slight noise, which must have been made
by the thieves, but he thought it proceeded from the next
house, and took on further notice. This robbery was dis-
covered by one of the family, who, having been out for a few
minutes, went up stairs and found several articles lying about,

which led to a search. All that the thieves left 'behind them
was a couple of lucifer matches. Information was immediately
given to the police; but no clue has yet been obtained likely
to lead to the apprehension of the offenders.

BREAKING AND ENTERING.—The premises of Messrs
Mackie and Gladstone, wine and spirit merchants, South
Castle-street, were entered on Sunday, and a small sum of
money, with a quantity of wine and spirits, stolen. About
nine o'clock on Saturday night Mr. Gladstone left the pre-
mises safe ; the shutters and doors were barred across, and
everrything seemed secure. About £1 15s. in silver and
copper were left in the till. On Sunday afternoon a person,
who was passing by, informed policeman No. 296, in Lither-
land-alley, that he thought some one was in the premises of
Mr. Smith, next door to Mackie and Gladstone's; the officer
was soon of the same opinion, and constable No. 392 kept a
watch, whilst the key was being sent for. When it arrived
it was found that the door had been fastened inside, and;
consequently, it was forced, when it was discovered that a
hammer had been placed across the lock so as to prevent the
door being open. On examining the premises five bottles,
four of which contained wine, and the other whiskey, were
found in Mr. Smith's coal vault; and, on further examina-
tion, the officers saw a large opening made between a parti-
tion wall between Mr. Smith's and Messrs. Gladstone's coal
vaults large enough to admit a man. Messrs. Gladstone's
premises were then searched, when the till was found to have
been broken open and rifled; a dark lantern was found be-
hind the door, and a man was seized from among a quantity
of bottles, in a vault underneath the parapet. He was imme-
diately secured, and he proved to be a well known bad cha-
racter named James Kelly. The prisoner was brought up at
the police-court yesterday, when Mr. Gladstone identified
the bottles removed into Mr. Smith's vault as his property;
and it was stated that when the prisoner was searched he had
£1 19s. Id. upon his person. He made no defenee, and he
was committed to take his trial at the Sessions, which com-
mence on Monday next.

CHANGE OF WIND.--EXTRAORDINARY ARRIVAL OF
VESSELS.—The strong easterly winds which, accompanied
by frost, had prevailed for several weeks with scarcely any
interruption, gave way on Saturday morning, and we have
since enjoyed a more genial atmosphere, with occasional falls
of rain. The wind first changed from the soutb-east quarter
to northerly, and finally hauled round to the westward—
varying on Sunday and yesterday between north-west and
west-south-west. Many large vessels that had been for some
time clue, and which had been beating about for weeks at sea,
or about the west of Ireland, and in the channel, unable to
make good their easting have since made their appearance.
The arrivals, indeed, during the last three days, and more
particularly on Sunday and yesterday, have been more nu-
merous than on any former oceasion that we remember
within the same period. On the former day upwards of 50
square-rigged vessels—ships or barques—came up, the
greater part from the United States, exclusive of coasters ;
and yesterday the arrivals of the same class of vessels was
upwards of 80, making within the two days upwards of 130!
Thesg include several Indiamen. A great number of them
have not yet got into dock, and the river consequently pre-
sents an appearance of maratime grandeur, rarely, if ever
before witnessed. Most of the vessels are of large burthen,
and they thickly stud the bosom of old Mersey from the
Rock at the entrance so far up as the quarantine hulks—
thus extending over a space, in one huge fleet, of little
short of five miles in length, and an average of about three
quarters of a mile in breadth. Between the Salthouse,
Duke's, and King's Docks, and the opposite shore of Bir-
kenhead, they were so thickly placed that that part of the
river, particularly towards the centre of the stream, resem-
bled a large and well filled dock. When they swung across
the river at low water they appeared to be still more
crowded, and, as many of them were decorated with flags,
their appearance was at once lively and interesting. This
great arrival (which will doubtless be increased to-morrcw,
and for some time to come) will, we trust, give a new im-
pulse to the long depressed commerce of the town, while the
mere discharging of so many vessels will give profitable em-
ployment to our dock labourers, who have suffered many
privations during the winter. Not a few of these ships sailed
from the American coast'so far back as December, and the
crews of some of them have doubtless long been upon short
allowance •, but we have not yet heard of any fatalities
amongst them. A large number of coasters have also ar-
rived during the last three days, particularly from Ireland.
The news brought by the foreign vessels was, of course,
anticipated by previous arrivals of the mail steam-ships
and sailing vessels that were more fortunate in not meeting
with the same adverse winds on their passage to Europe.
Amongst the arrivals since the change of wind we observe
no fewer than 115 cotton ships, whose cargoes will aMazingly
increase the stock of that article on hand at this port. From
the crowded state of the river, the ferry steamers have
Touch difficulty in crossing to avoid collision.

AN ILLICIT DISTILLEILY.*--At the Police-court, on Fri-
day, an information was heard by the magistrate, at the
instance of Mr. Woodruff, supervisor of excise, against
James Cooper and James Hart, on a charge of illegally ma-
nufacturing whisky upon premises in Naylor-street. Mr.
Woodruff stated that he went, from information which he
had received, to the premises on the previous day, and found
there a vessel which contained about two hundred gallons of
wash, and some whisky in a bottle. The wash was such
stuff as whisky was made from. There was also a still upon
the premises, but it was not at work at the time. He also
found a cask of molasses, and a quantity of wine in a low
state, as if it had been used ; and he had no doubt whatever
that illicit spirits had been distilled upon the premises. He
net the prisoner Hart at the door. That person said that
he was only casually upon the premises, as he was merely
looking after his pig, which was kept in the yard. He kept
a marine store next door to the prisoner Cooper, on whose
premises the still, wash, and molasses were found. Mr.
Davenport appeared for the prisoners, and stated that what
had been discovered by Mr. Woodruff had been used in the
process of manufacturing blacking, Mr. Cooper being en-
gaged in that business; and as a proof that that person was
not doing anything improper in his place, he said the officer
was admitted on his appearing. Cooper requested the ma-
gistrate to adjourn the case till the next day, as he had some
evidence to produce. Mr. Rushton assented to the request.
but stated that he had no doubt whatever that he had been
carrying on an illegal distillery on the premises. The pri-
soners were again placed at the bar on Saturday. Mr. Da-
venport said he could offer proof to the magistrate that Mr.
Cooper used the still for the purpose of making ginger-beer.
Mr. Davenport called John Cooper, who told a most mar-
vellous and rigmarole story, which it was next to impossible
to understand. He swore that he knew the premises of Mr.
Martindale, a manufacturer of ginger-beer, spruce-beer, and
treacle-beer. Mr. Martindale had, to his knowledge, four
stills on his premises, and might have many more. He'
(witness) was perfectly conversant with the manner of ma-
nufacturing ginger-beer and treacle-beer. Mr. Martindale
uses the stills to make ginger-beer, and it is not possible to
make it without. The prisoner carries on a similar business
to that of Mr. Martindale, in addition to which be makes
blacking, and in that he puts treacle. " The process of
making the treacle-beer is this. You take the treacle, and
pour your boiling water upon it, and then you let it cool to
a certain pitch, and then you leave it three days to ferment,
for it takes three days to perfect the process, if it be done
properly, though it might be done by a shorter process by
using a mixture of whiting and vitriol. Well, it lies in fer-
mentation for three days, and then it is put through the
still." Mr. Rushton; " Well, and what would be the pro-
duct?" No answer. Mr. Rushton : " What would this
fermented liquor produce when passed through the still ?"
Witness : " It would produce treacle-beer, which must be
bottled in the usual way." Mr. Davenport : "Do you work
for Mr. Martindale?" Witness: " I do." Mr. Daven-
port : " And is that the process he uses ?" Witness : "It
is." A Mr. Viccars, a ginger-beer-manufacturer, who hap-
pened to be accidentally in court, was called upon. He said
a still was never used in the manufacture of ginger-beer.
The product of such liquid as the last witness had spoken of,
if passed through a still, would be spirits. Mr. Rushton
ordered that Hart should be discharged, and that Cooper
should pay a fine of £3O, or be imprisoned three months.
He (Cooper) had called a witness who, on his oath, gave a
series of statements of facts connected with a manufactory,
which statements the veriest schoolboy, who knew but the
elements of chemistry, would disbelieve. The prisoner,
under pretence of selling ginger-beer and blacking, had, in
reality, been manufacturing and selling whisky, and no doubt
his beverage was very popular.

PROPHECY. A. course of lectures, on the prophecies, and
particularly on those events which are supposed to be on the
eve of fulfilment, will be delivered during Lent at St.
George's Church, Bloomsbury, by the following clergymen ;
they will, as soon as possible, afterwards be printed. The
following is the syllabus :
Friday, March 3, 1843.—H0n. and Rev. H. Montagu
Villiers, M.A., rector of St. George's, Bloomsbury. The
certainty, nature, and scriptural prominence of the second
advent.

Tuesday, March 7.—Rev. Edw. Auriol, M.A., rector of
St. Dunstan's in the West. The actual neglect of the second
advent.

Friday, March 10.—Rev. William W. Pym, M.A., rector
of Willian, Herts. The doctrine of the New Testament on
the time of the second advent.
Tuesday, March 14.—Rev. J. C. Goodhart, M.A., in-
cumbent of St. Mary's, Reading. The doctrine of the Old
Testament on the second advent.

Friday, ?March 17.—Rev. Wm. Dalton, M.A., St, Paul's,
Wolverhampton. The delay of the second advent, its causes
and practical lessons,
Tuesday, March 21.—Rev. J. W. Brooks, M.A., rector
of East Retford. The signs of the second advent hi the
state of the world at large.
Friday, March 24.—Rev. T. R. Birks, M.A., curate of
Wattons, Herts. The first resurrection.
Tuesday, March 28.—Rev. Alexander. Dallas, M.A., rector
of Wonston, Hants. The judgment of the living.
Friday, March 31.—Rev. W. R. Fremantle, M.A., rector
of Claydon. The glory of Israel after the second advent.
Tuesday, April 4.—Rev, Thomas Hill, M.A., rector of
Chesterfield. The judgment of the dead.
Friday, April 7.—Rev. Edward Bickersteth, M.A., rector
of Wattons, Herts. The kingdom of Christ the Lord.
Tuesday, April 18.—Rev. awes Haldane Stewart, M.A,
Incumbent of St. Bride's, Liverpool. The duty of prayer
and watchfulness in the prospect of the. Lord's coming,

ADJOURNED MEETING OF MAGISTRATES

The magistrates held their adjourned meeting
of the Workhouse

Council-chamber o!

rates we

at two o'clock on

on the state

'riday last, in the

H. Horriby, C. Logan, I'. B
H. Jones, A. Hodgson, C. S. P
R. E. Harvey, W. Dixon, J. Crostliwaite, G. Turn
Potter, and R. Houghton
Town-clerk were also pr

The Town-clerk and the Depu.

.The MAYOR opened the proceedings by observing the ma-
gistrates were aware that since their last meeting, Mr. Cle-
ments, the assistant poor-law commissioner, had visited Li-
verpool, and that he had left some written instructions, for a
copy of which he (the Mayor) had applied. The original had
been sent over for the perusal of Mr. Rushton and himself;
and they would now he laid before the magistrates.

Mr. RUSHTON said, that before those-instructions were
read, perhaps it would be well that he should deliver the few
words which he had to say upon this important and serious
business. 411, or many, of them we

present a month ago

when he had the painful task to discharge of bringing this
subject fully before the magistrates. He had then the duty
imposed upon li;m of proving many very harassing details
and disagreeable \facts upon the state of the great mass of the
poor who had taken refuge in the Liverpool Workhouse.
He then endeavoured to show to the justices, and he hoped
with success—at all events, if he did not succeed then he
hoped he would now—that they were the parties responsible
for the management, order, and direction, of the workhouse;
and he had hoped, up to this day, from the time when they
adjourned for a month, he should have had it in his power to
communicate to the magistrates some more gratifying intel-
ligence than he had to give. The Mayor had alluded to Mr.
Clements : that gentleman came to Liverpool two or three
days after the last meeting, and did him (Mr. Rushton) the
honour to call upon him, requesting that he would go with
him to the Workhouse. He had considerable reluctance
in acceeding to this invitation for this reason, that he was
not going to exercise the powers of a justice of the peace ;
and, therefore, he thought it was much better that the
assistant commissioner should go himself. Mr. Clements,
however, pressed his request so strongly that he (Mr. Rush-
ton) ,communicated it to Mr. Hodgson, and they went
together. Mr. Clements had inspected a considerable part
of tl-e building, and a great portion of the inmates, before
they arrived ; and they accompanied him through that
portion which remained to be performed. Mr. Clements
took a careful and accurate note of all the matters which fell
under his observation; both Mr. Hodgson and himself, of
course, carefully abstaining from inculcating their own views
upon him. A member of the select vestry and one of the
churchwardens were also present. Mr. Clements saw
and judged for himself. At the termination of the pro-
ceedings they went into the board-room, and Mr. Cle- '
ments did him the honour to ask him what he wished
to be done.. lie told him that from the state of the
building he knew nothing effectual could be done at that
moment, but that much might be done in the way of
elevating the different officers, and alleviating the miseries
which the inhabitants had endured under the present system ;
above all, he asked, in the first place, that the lunatics should
be removed, and that be (the assistant commissioner) should
make an order on the part of the poor law commissioners,
that no lunatic should ever be brought there again. That
was the only point on which Mr. Clements expressed a strong
opinion ; but he did give an opinion which led, in a day or
two. to the entire removal of all the lunatics in the Liverpool
Workhouse •, and that was the only real piece of good which
had resulted. Part of them—those who could sustain the
journey—had been sent to Lancaster, and the others had
been taken to the Liverpool Asylum over the way, where they
ought to have been taken before. Mr. Hodgson and him-
self (Mr. Rushton) then left Mr. Clements speaking with
the parochial authorities. Since that time various persons—
he might mention that some of them had been official cha-
racters—and among them, Mr. Nightingale, had written let-
ters to the public papers. Mr. Nightingale had written a
letter, in which he seemed to throW some doubt upon many
of the statements which he (Mr. Rushton) had the honour
to lay before the magistrates at their last meeting, and which
the magistrates believe he had amply proved. Now it was
a curious matter that within a few days afterwards Mr.
Nightingale himself had gone before the magistrates, and
given evidence against a woman of the most disorder's cha-
racter, who had been associating with decent people, and
he then, before himself (Mr. Rushton) and the magistrate
who sat with him, proved that that very woman had
been uttering the most obscene and blasphemous lan-
guage, so that it was impossible that any decent person
could reside with her • and upon the testimony of that very
Mr. Nightingale, he her;
Rushton) had sent the woman to
gaol for 21 days. This sufficiently disposed of that part of
the charge, which also was the strongest he had made, upon
the management of the workhouse. Within a few days of
the present time, five pauper girls, or rather women, had
been brought before the magistrates for a repetition of the
disorderly conduct which first drew the attention of the ma-
gistrates to the workhouse. These women had scaled two
walls, the one 20 feet high, and the other 22 feet high, in
order to get into the men's ward. It appeared on that occa-
sion that only three additional female assl;tants had been
employed since he had produced the proofs of the necessity of
full and competent female officers, and that one paid.officer
only was placed over fifty-five of the worst women ever
assembled within the walls. It appeared, upon that occa-
sion, that that woman had been obliged to go to the relief of
another officer, and during that period this scene of disorder
occurred ; and of course he (Mr. Rushton) had but one
feeling for them, which was, to do his duty. Here, again, he
felt the greatest pain and difficulty, and it was a practical
difficulty which he felt, because the Inspector of Prisons had
decided that the gaol was fit to accommodate only 450 pri-
soners; it contained to-day 717; and it was intolerable that
the magistrates should be called upon, day by day, to punish
disorderly paupers, who would not have been guilty of that
disorder if proper officers had been employed at the time the
last investigation took place. He knew, indeed, of nothing
done. save the removal of lunatics, which had given, or could
give, satisfaction to the magistrates; for he believed, with
that exception, the workhouse was, to all intents and pur-
poses, in the same state as it was,—there was the same in-
discriminate mixture, the same want of classification, and, he
was afraid, the same wrong and misery. It was not, how-
ever, his intention to recapitulate them, for they must be
fresh in the recollection of every gentleman who had been
either present or who had the report of the proceedings at the
last meeting ; but it was his intention to show that this work-
house was still under their charge. It might be necessary to
tell some gentlemen that the parochial authorities of Liver-
pool had sought for and obtained an act of parliament to give
in some measure more stringent legal powers to the Select
Vestry—that the Board of Guardians should no longer exist,
that the county justices who were ex officio members [of the
Board of Guardians] should no longer be so, and other pro-
visions ; but that act still contained this important clause
[Mr. Rushton here read this clause, which was to the effect
that the Poor Law Commissioners should have, exercise, and
perform all the same rights, powers, privileges, authority,
and immunities as were given to the guardians]. So that.
call them what you might, the Poor Law Commissioners had
supreme authority over their (the vestry's) proceedings, and
they had power to make rules for the government and direc-
tion of the poor law authorities in the whole of their admi-
nistrative duties, and they had power to make regulations for
the government of the workhouse. Now, if these regulations
were applied to the Liverpool workhouse, would undertake
to say, that profligacy and wickedness would be effectually
restrained, and the virtuous pauper— made a pauper by
the unfortunate necessities and casualties which might be-
fall any of us—would have a comfortable existence, un-
polluted by any association with the vicious and the
depraved. These orders the magistrates would find in the
appendix to the poor law acts, given in the common
edition of Burn's Justice. Mr. Rushton then read these or-
ders which related altogether to clitssification, after which he
observed that they afforded to aged paupers a great provision
for the comfort and enjoyment of the remainder of their
lives, and certainly a great protection for those who were
driven by misfortune to seek a temporary shelter in the work-
house. But no rules, orders, and regulations had been issued
by the Poor Law Commissioners for the government of the
Liverpool Workhouse. He (Mr. Rushton) had beard that
Mr. Clements upon Iris visit had communicated to the paro-
chial authorities certain rules, orders, and regulations; and
under that impression be requested the mayor to apply to the
churchwardens and select vestry for a copy of the document.
There was some little difficulty made about it, but eventually
it was obtained, and it now lay before the justices. He was,
however, disappointed to find that it contained not " rules,
orders, and regulations" by the assistant commissioner ; and
his disappoiniment arose from this, that if these ".recommen-
dations," the remedy, as well as the responsibility for their
non-fulfilment, lay with the magistrates, by the a3d section
of the act. (Mr. Rushton here read this clause.) The pe-
nalties were given by the 98th section ; they were very strin-
gent, and he would show how the magistrates could apply
them. (Mr. Rushton read this section, from which it ap-
peared that if any person wilfully disobeyed the rules and
orders of the commissioners, on being convicted before two
justices they are liable for the first offence to a penalty of
£5, for the second £2O, and for the third liable to
indictment for a misdemeanour). Thelaw, therefore, armed
the magistrates with full and stringent authority; and all
which was required in order to enforce this provision was,
that those who bad the permanent direction of workhouses
should make such " rules, orders, and regulations," as should
not make the office of justice of the peace, with regard to
workhouses, a sinecure, and prevent the justices from reme-
dying the abuses which they did not find to exist. He ought
to say, too, there was another power which the justices had,
under the 30th George 111., the justices were empowered to
visit the workhouses within their jurisdiction, and to report
the state of those workhouses to the Quarter Sessions. That
authority was originally given only to Justices of the county,
but it had been extended, by one of the clauses in the act he
had just read from, which not only gave power to the justices
to inspect workhouses, but the " rules, orders, and regula-
tions" of the poor law commissioners, were to be enforced ;
so that in fact they had two acts—one that the poor law corns
missioners were to make rules, orders, and regulations ; and
another,that:the state of the workhouse was to be certified by the
justices to the quarter sessions, who had power to make the re-
medy. He did not contemplate that the poorlaw commissioners
would hesitate for one moment as to what course they ought
to take when these evils were fully pointed out to them, and
therefore he did not contemplate at present any certificate to
the quarter session, because it was a rule—he did not say rule,
for that was not the proper term—but it was a machinery
which would hardly work for this purpose. Under the mu-
nicipal act all the powers which the justices exercised at
quarter sessions were in the Recorder, and if they imposed
upon the Recorder the remedy, in detail, of all those mani-
fold wrongs which required remedy, there would be no end
to his labour. He therefore did not contemplate, except in
the last extremity, an appeal to the quarter sessions ; and
then he should only contemplate it, not because he expected
any practical good from it, but because then the justices
would have discharged all their powers and duties, and the
responsibility would no longer rest with them. To shew the
necessity for proceeding in this matter, and not allowing
anything to divert them from it, lie might mention that if
this disorder went on as it hail for the last year, they would
have 117 persons, in all probability, sent from the workhouse
to the borough gaol in one year, Between the Ist of January
' and the 30th September, 1842, seventy persons had been
committed to the borough gaol for disorderly conduct in the
workhouse. These two facts spoke volumes as to the want
of proper classification. He knew what the answer to them
was ; he knew it was said, " We have active pauper women
to superintend the inmates ; " but he replied that active
pauper women were totally inadequate; they had none of
that moral influence which was the best means of goverrigig
such a community ' • they could not exercise that influence,
. for they were of the paupers, and they were divested, by
theirn
iwwel
meoowri
:ituinutdshgaie
natiitgoe
ddoocerfrtrehtac:glotleu,,il,pi;drzeloyb
opei:e
sr. r
anticipatedyamatectemporary
r authority;e)eo.tralwor nybii andtlt:hitn matter,l itaher only
iwednaa:wi,sonahnitlietsili
gt
ts
atehbghneoyet
st
s
the parochial authorities purchased a plot of ground in Kirk-
dale, for the purpose of building upon it ajuvenile workhouse
school. The money V 3 $ borrowed, interest had been paid
hadupoht beleid inl
te,rbruehtai oyhtamanodbrreai
nct k
h order,a rnia
as
year,
:bat
yrl ityrdee groupoor-lawe rol dm ;n1
sh
sei
o n planser s
was done ; and
et
upon the justices, which he would read.
the r .13,k:
commissioners ht ttthen
read this order, which gave the sanction of
to the new building, and directed it to be
months from its date, which was the 20th Completedanuarvirn 114
was stipulated by the act of parliament that all orders should
be served simultaneously upon the parochial authorities and
justices' clerk ; and the parochial authorities were first di-
rected to obey it, and next the justices. Yet nothing was
done; Under that order nothing had been done ! Laud had
been bought, plans had been obtained, but no practical steps