The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1844-11-05 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

the committee is to visit the place, and report. A minute
of the memoranda was ordered to be placed in the books.
Charles Charlton, police-constable, was appointed to
take charge of the cranes at the docks, in the room of
Matthew Bailey, deceased.

a generally-received opinion, that all water-fluids are
composed of an assemblage of small globular bodies,
pressing in all directions for relief from the pressure of its
fellow ; those particles are acted on, and put in motion,
by any force applied or resistance given. It is also an es-
tablished fact, that there is no vacuum in nature; there-
fore the greater the variation in the form of any vessel's
after body under water, the greater the tendency in pro-
moting a rush of the fluid against those variations, to
speed her velocity, as shown in copper• bottom ships with
hollow runs, from the copper in those parts being always
bright and clear. Returning to the towing of a taper
spar, with the butt end foremost, a great deal has been
written on this subject, and it may be true that it passes
through the water with less resistance, and with greater
speed, than the reverse end foremost, from the continued
resistance during the whole length ; therefore it cannot
be admitted that a trial of this kind can give a point in
favour of the main transverse section being one third from
the stern. Let the spar question appear in another shape,
through which it may be more clearly defined. Take a
spar whose length is equal to the spar to be towed with its
butt foremost, let it be the same in diameter in the mid-
dle that the other is at the butt, of which form a double
cone, (as a ship's yard); let them be equal, move them
with equal power, and the result will show that the double
cone will pass through the water one-twelfth faster than
the spar towed by the butt. Velocity has its bounds, and
is governed by fixed laws. As it respects the passing of
a ship through the water, there is a point over which ve-
locity cannot step, and where power ceases to act. Hence
a six•oared boat cannot pass a two-oared boat of the same
build faster than as seven is to six ; neither can a stehm-
vessel of two hundred horse-power increase in speed over
one of one hundred horse. Vower greater than as eleven is
to nine. Without entering into the opinions of wise men
to establish a theory of least resistance, whether it is that
of a cone, a sphere, or a triangle : all these are foreign to
the correct formation of a merchant ship.
In your paper of the 22nd instant, in the scale of di-
mensions for a ship of 185 tons, my omission of the ex-
treme breath, which will show 25 feet 4 inches.—l am,
sir, &c. JOHN COCK.
Pembroke Dock, 26th Oct. 1844.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

SIR,—It was with no small degree of pleasure that I
noticed in your last paper a communication from Mr.
Cock, of Pembroke, respecting ship-building. Were I a
stranger to the " good old town," 1 would have thought,
from the great importance of the port of Liverpool, and
the extent of its mercantile marine, that instead of being
the pupil it should be the teacher of such places as Pem-
broke. But lam very much afraid that we stand only
in too much need of receiving lessons from wiser seats of
ship-building, and that all th.)se employed in the construe-
tion and repair of vessels in our port would do well to
study with attention the great principles on which their
work should by based. Practical men have a natural and
perhaps inevitable contempt for theories; they make ex-
perience their sheet-anchor, and swing by it in every gale
and against every current. It is true that experience is
the best and safest guide; but we are often apt to fall into
the sad error of trusting nobody's experience but our own,
and thus blundering on until we arrive at something which
is correct. Now all the theories or principles laid down
for the building of a ship, or a house, or a locomotive en-
gine, or anything else, are nothing but the results of the
long and great experience of real practical men, and it is
much batter to accept the correct results of their labours,
than to go blundering about to produce results of our
own. I think therefore that it is of the utmost import-
ance for the ship-builders of Liverpool to acquire a know-
ledge of such principles of their art as Mr. Cock has de-
veloped, so that the Mersey may soon stand foremost not
only as the first entrepot of modern commerce, but as the
first seat of commercial ship-building.--I am, sir, &c.,

A FRIEND TO SHIP-BUILDING.

THE POOR BAPTIZED JEWS.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD,

SIR,—As considerable doubt seemed to dwell on the
minds of some of the speakers, at the late anniversary
meeting of the Liverpool Auxiliary Society for Promo-
motinz Christianity amongst the Jews," as to the best
and safest mode of affording temporal relief to poor in-
quiring and baptized Jews,—a duty about which all seem-
ed to be agreed, and indeed cannot be consistently denied
by any Gentile Christian, who takes the Scriptures for
his guide, after the plain declaration of St. Paul, that
" their debtors they are: for if they have been made
partakers of their spiritual things, their duty is also to
minister to them in carnal things," (Rom. xv. 27,)—1
venture to request that you will kindly insert in your
coltimns the following extract of a letter, which I ad-
dressed to the Rev. R. Herschell on the subject, in the
month of December last, and which appeared in the
Record newspaper of the 11th of January; wherein a
plain, scriptural, and practical mode of supplying the
requisite relief is clearly pointed out, after much prayer-
ful consideration ; and which, if adopted, could not fail
to bring down the blessing of God upon the society. I
can truly say, from several years' happy experience, that
there is no just foundation whatever for the apprehensions
which some persons uncharitably entertain, that baptized
Jews are disposed to'impose on the benevolence of Chris-
tians, more than any other class of converts. On the
contrary, the very fact of their " giving up fathers, mo-
thers, brethren, and sisters," and all their nearest and
dearest connexions, tor the cause of Christ and his Gos-
pel, ought to be considered a sufficient guarantee for their
sincerity, and a complete protection eaainst such unwor-
thy suspicions.