The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1844-09-24 00:00:00

SAILING MACHINE OR LAND CUTTER.

At the monthly meeting of the Polytechnic Society of
this town, Mr. Grantham, the president, exhibited a beau-
tiful model of a machine constructed with four wheels,
and propelled by sails similar to an ordinary cutter. He
stated that this machine was invente:l by the late Sir James
Oxenden, of SLISFE.X, and the rem'el had lately been pre-
sented to him (Mr. G.) e baronet's son. Having
made some remarks as to e advantage to mechanical
men of being able to ext n.i.ae machines, even should they
not he of general utility, p:ovided the means adopted were
of a scientific character, and well adapted to perform the
office for which they were intended, Mr. Grantham pro-
ceeded to describe site contrivance then before the meet-
ing—lie thought it might to considered under this class;
but,•alt hough not of general application, there were situa-
tions in which it could be rendered available. Many sail-
ing machines had been made, but he could not hear of
any that had been attended with the same success as that
in the poSsession of Mr. Oxenden. The original ma-
chine was of large dimensions, and had been used on
various occasions during the last ten years. Like the
model before them it had a triangular body—its width
over the front wheels was 12 feet, and at the hind wheels
about 5 feet. was about 20 feet long, not including the
bowsprit, which was about 12 feet. It was steered by a
tiller attached to the hind wheels, which swiveled simi-
larly to the front wheels of a four-wheeled carriage, and
was very manageable. • It had attained a speed of nearly
35 miles per hour on Ascot Heath. It would beat to
. windward like a. sailing vessel, but much more rapidly—
running within 31 points of the wind. Mr. Grantham
explained his opinion of the causes of this superiority.
The limit of power that a sail possessed, when on a wind,
was to be found in the proportion of force which it ex-
erted in the direction of keel, compared with the amount
of resistance in the vessel itself.. Now, with a floating
body the resistance increases as the square of the velocity,
but with a carriage on land the resistance is nearly the
same at all velocities ; therefore to maintain sufficient,
speed to perform the necessary .evolutions in beating to
windward requires much less force in the latter case than
in the former. The same reasoning applies even when
running before the wind. •
_ _ _ _ _

Mr. ,GRANTHAM stated that he tried the model on the
Bootle Sands, and it seemed in every respect.to confirm
all that he had heard of its cnialifications from Mr. Oxen-
den: indeed he considered it a hig,hly scientific and inter-
esting machine. refl• cting great credit on the inverter.
The model may be seen at the cffice of this paper dur-
ing the day; and may be afterwards inspected at Mr.
Grantham's office, in Orange•court, Castle-street,—that
gentleman having kindly offered to show and explain it to
any one desirous of knowing its principle and mode of
construction. The principle of propelling carriages by
sails is, as we have stated, by no means new, but we have
seen no machine so well contrived, to avert the danger of
upsetting, and to beat to windward, and, with a fresh
breeze, to attain a high speed, as this. There is a wind-
carriage at Southport, of a plainer and less scientific kind,
which frequently, in the summer season, conveys pleasure
parties along the sands from that place to the boat-house
at .Formby, and occasionally at a good speed.

TOWN EDITION.

LIVERPOOL PROTESTANT OPERATIVE

SOCIETY.

The quarterly meeting of the L'verpool Protestant
Operative Association was held last 'evening, at seven
o'clock, in the Commercial Hall, Gloucester-street.
There was a very numerous attendance, the spacious
room being crowded in every part. On the motion of Mr.
CRISP, Mr. THOS. INMAN was called to the chair, and
the proceedings commenced by the offering of prayer by
the Rev. Henry Carpenter.
The Rev. WRAP Hu', incumbent of St. Saviour's,
moved the first resolution, which stated—

" The conduct of the Romish Church in reference to the Sacred
Scriptures, as exhibited in the Bull recently issued by the Pope in
relation to Bible Societies, manifests the very spirit of Antichrist;
and is calculated to awaken in every Protestant bosom compassidn,
for every member of the Church of Rome, and gratitu le to God for
bestowing the precious gift of his holy word—the source of Eng-
land's prosperity, and the basis of her civil and religious liberty.'
The Church of Rome, the rev. gentleman contended, had
always distinguished herself by her bitter opposition to
the Scriptures of truth. In the Council of Trent we found
her asserting that the Scriptures, if disseminated among
the people, would do more harm than good ; we found
hsr detracting from the Word of God ; we found
h.r opposing the purity of his Word by enforcing
Vie books of the Apocrypha, and be taking sway the
second commandment, making up the number by di-
viding the tenth into two. In tact, she was distinguished
by her opposition to the Scriptures, thereby manifesting
the very spirit of anti-Christ. Anti-Christ he defined to
be be a system of error in every age of the church ; it was
a system of error that opposed itself to Christ in one of his
three offices as prophet, priest, and king. In the days of
the Apostle John, Simon Magus, and his 'followers, who
denied that Christ came in the flesh, exhibited, with va-
rious modifications, the spirit of anti-Christ as it appeared
i succeeding ages ; and there had been many within our
own time. We had the anti-Christ of Unitarianism,
which opposed itself to the kingly office of the Lord Jesus
Christ, denying that he is the " King of Kings, and Lord
of Lords." We had the anti-Christ of Mahometanisna,
which opposed itself to the prophetic office of the Lord
Jesus Christ, and set up another prophet in his stead ; and
we had the anti-Christ of Popery, which opposed itself to
the priestly office of Christ. In direct contradiction to the
statement of the Word of God, Popery asserted in the
sacrifice of the mass the insufficiency of the sacrifice of
the Saviour, and the insufficiency of his priestly office.
Popery thus usurped the priestly office of the Lord Jesus
Christ. To a certain extent it opposed itself to his kingly
office, for Popery had invested the Pope with a power
that belonged to Christ only. She had set up the Pope,
as it were, in the temple of the Lord ; she had placed him
above whatever was called God ; she had given to him all
dominion, principality, and power, which belonged only
to Christ; she had attempted to wrest from the Lord the
keys of death and hell, and place them in the hands of
the Pope, giving him the power of delivering from death
itself, and the punishment due to the wicked in the
world to come—in fact, placing him, in the church, as
the dispenser of those powers which belong only to the
Lord Jesus Christ. (Applause.) She opposed herself
to the prophetic office of the Lord Christ. Christ came
as a prophet, to declare the will of God—to make known
the revelation of God's mercy ; the Pope came forward
and said, that what Christ told as the word of truth was
not enough—that he (the Pope) is to declare rightly the
word of truth ; and he claimed for the dogmas of She
church of Rome a credence quite as extensive as those
required for the Scriptures of truth themselves. (Hear,
hear.) The Pope could never be wrong in his interpreta-
tion of the Scriptures, nor could he be in fault, because
he was to determine whether what he said was right or
wrong. He thus destroyed the very essence of the Scrip-
tures; he thusoliposed himself tothe Word of truth; he thus
detractedfrour it; and in these respscts he proved that he
was the very spirit of Antichrist. (Hear, hear, hear.) He
contended that Popery was perfectly idestified by the 6th
vsrse of the 4th chapter of St. John's Ist Epistle as "the
spirit of error." (Hear.) What Popery had been from
before the days of the Council of Teen' she still continued
to be. She still continued to be opposed to the Word of
God. (Hear, hear.) The bull lately issued against the
Bible Society was a proof how she opposed the free disse-
mination of the Ward of God. (Hear, hear.) From the
formation of the Bible Society, Popery had continued to
-be assailed in a manner in which she had never been since
the days ofthe Reformation. (Cheers.) The free dissemi-
nation of the Bible awakened men to the dangers of Popery.
t Hear). Consequently, popery was always hitter ireoppo-
sition to the Bible Society. Pope Pius the 7th, in 1816,
issued his bull against the Bible Society, calling it by the
most opproprious epithets, and his successor, Leo the
12th, issued his mandate to the priests of Ireland, that
they were not to allow their flocks to be led astray by
these poisonous pastures, meaning; thereby the English
translation of the Bible. (Hear, ear.) In these few ex-
pressions, he thought he had to some extent shewn that
the Rornish Church manifested the spirit of Antichrist.
(Hear-) The reverend gentleman then applied himself to
the consideration of the next assertion in the resolution,
namely, that these circumstances were calculated tc
awaken in every Protestant bosom compassion for the
memory of the Church of Rome, in the course of which
lie earnestly recommended the circulation of the Bible
as the only means of delivering the Roman Catholic laity
from their thraldom. In proof of its efficacy, he referred
to the great progress which Protestantism had made in
Dingle. and remarked that hitherto we had neglected Ire-
land, but he rejoiced that now a professorship of the Irish
language had been founded in the University of Dublin,
where, by means of the instruction there received, young
men would he prepared to teach " the knowledge of the
truth" to their fellow-countrymen in their own lan-
guage. This, to use a favourite quotation of Mr. O'COn.
Ilea's, was the only way to make Ireland
" Great, glorious, and free,
First flower of the earth, first gem of the sea."
(Loud cheers.) And when the Scriptures of truth had
delivered the people from their mental thraldom, it :night
be said—
" tie is the freeman whom the truth mak s free—
, And all are staves beside."

(Cheers.)
asepeeoet%ledhtehereraedsolsuetvieOrnal
ass t tehneoenough
Bible a
nd Society,m o r
anTdhine Rtletev.cilo Ll:en(Y,lCaAn nePl eloquent
from the
PePe'sttlerttetlrleargeaiwe•
than enough to justify every statement thst had been
mtpolahgoienwsreti:aattioitn) to that
te
le
e hostility of the Church of Rome
to the light of Scripture. The same letter, too, fur-
nished an ample refraition of that fashionable error—
that heresy against all truth—that Rome was changed—
that Rome in the 19th century was not what Rome was
in the 16th century. They must indeed be unacquainted
with the circumstances of Rome who were led away by
this supposition. They neglected to remember her cele-
brated motto scmper eadetn; that in that motto she as-
serted her determination to maintain the same idolatry,
persecution, perjury, and' hostility to the Scriptures fox
which she had ever been notorious. (Cheers.)
A .collection was made at this stage of the meeting, (kr-
ing which the hymn beginning " From all that dwell be-..
low the skies" was sung by the meeting.
The Rev. Mr. IRVING moved the second resolution—
.. _.

That seeing the undisguised support and encouragement
which is given to popery and latitudinarianism in every shape,
to the discouragement of cur National Church, it is heartily to be
l wished that cur Protestant friends would enrol themselves as
1 members of cur Association, that we may, with the liessivg of
1 God upon cur labours, make such a bold :sand for the truth,
from time to time, that it may evectually reach the legislature,
and through them the government, to prevail upon them to re_
move the principles of expediency and concession which arc
sepping and undermining the great principles of the Reforms-
Con "—(Cheers.)
Mr. CRISP seconded the resolution.

A vote of thanks was then presented to Mr. Inmsn, for
11:s able e-ne.th,t in the chair, nnfl th proceedings termi-
nated at a quarter before ten o'clock.

SECOND EDITION.

Standard-office, Two o'clock.

LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, THis DAY.

Not the slightest change to notice in our Cotton market
to-day. The sales to-day may be estimated at 2,500 bales,
without any change in prices, with a tame and sviritless
tone.