The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1844-08-27 00:00:00

11Fig LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

REFUSING TO PAY TOLL IN THE NORTH HAY.,
MARKET.—Thomas Jones, driver of Peter Sumpter's
cart, was summoned on Saturday, for refusing to pay toll
for his cart, on Saturday, the 23d instant. The informa-
tion was laid by John Bowes, the market collector, who
stated, that the defendant, when asked for the toll, said
he had already paid it but that the rain had defaced the
mark from off the cart. Mr. Rushton asked what was
meant by " the mark." Bowes said, when he received a
ticket he made a mark upon the cart which had paid, and
this was the only means he had of knowing that payment
had been made. Mr. Rushton appeared to think that
some better system might be devised of collecting the
toll; but, on the defendant admitting that he had not
paid, he ordered him to pay a fine of 55., and double the
amount of toll.

CUSTOMS ORDERS.-It having been decided that
clocks of the description usually imported into this coun-
try from the United States of America do not, in strict-
ness, fall within the prohibition contained in the 58th
and 59th sections of the act 3 and 4 Wm. IV., chap. 52,
in consequence of the maker's name and place of abode
not being marked on the frame and on the face, such
clocks being of a peculiar construction, and the works
similar to those of common Dutch clocks,—it is ordered
by a minute, dated the 10th instant, that when the clocks
in question are fitted with pieces of silvered glass, such
glass is to be charged with the duty payable thereon under
teble A, class 13, of the act 5 and 6 Victoria, Chap. 47,
in addition to the ad valorem duty of 20 per cent. due
upon the clocks.

FATAL AccrnsT.--Last week, an inquest was held on
the body of Isaac Higgins, ten years of age, son of Ed-
ward and Ann Higgins, who live at 23, Bolton-street,
Copperas-hill. The boy was a scholar at St. Luke's
School, Cropper-street, and had, for three days, played
truant. He was taken to school by his mother, and was
placed, by the teacher, in the centre of the school-room ;
but, whilst his mother and teacher were engaged in con-
versation, the boy sprung forward to one of the windows,
which was open, and which stands some twelve or four-
teen yards from the ground, and endeavoured to drop to
the outside. A portion of the window-frame giving way,
he fell to the ground and severely injured his back and
head. He died, on the Monday morning, from the
effects of concussion of the brain. Verdict, " Accidental
death."

BROTHER AGAINST BROTHER.—OH Friday Mr. Jere-
miah Steel,of the Cheshire Vaults, Upper Dawson-street,
summoned his brother, John Steel, before the magistrates,
for having assaulted him on the previous Monday. Mr. Je-
remiah Steel said his brother was his servant, which the
latter denied, stating that it was he who was the proprie-
tor of the house, and that all that Jeremiah advanced was
£lO, the remainder of the property being the defendant's.
The witnesses called on both sides proved that a great
deal of recrimination about family affairs occurred between
the brothers immediately preceding the quarrel—one
charged the other with borrowing money and not refund-
ing it, and the other retorting. A witness for the defen-
dant proved that the assault complained of was occasioned
by the plaintiff trying to strike his brother down with a
spittoon. The defendant also said that it was he who
should have been the plaintiff, and that be would have
been so but that he had the lumbago, and could not get
out to apply for a warrant.—Mr. Rushton dismissed the
case.

THE LORD'S-DAY IN LIVERPOOL.—(From a corres-
pondent.)—Recently the men who are employed in navi-
gating the ferry-boats between Liverpool and Woodside,
assured me that they had not been allowed one Sabbath-
day during the last nine years. Last year these boats
paid a large per centage, besides which £6,600 was laid
into a sinking fund : yet the poor men are engaged from
seven in the morning till eleven at night, and they have
not had one Sabbath allowed them during the last nine
years. The negroes throughout the British possessions
were always allowed the Sabbath-day. Such an outrage
ought to be brought under the cognition of the clergy of
Liverpool.—[We cannot but think that much might be
done towards the Christianizing many of our poor fellow-
subjects who are deprived of the Sabbath rest, (although
God in his mercy designed it for all men,) were many
more in their own localities to imitate the excellent exam-
ple of the Rev. John Davies, of Worcester, whose labors
on behalf of the boatmen on the Severn and its canals are
beyond all praise.] —Record.
FATAL ACCIDENT.—On Thursday an inquest was held
at Southport, on the body of Thomas Taylor, landlord of
the Coach and Horses, Richmond-street, Liverpool, who
has of late driven the mail from Liverpool to that place.
On Sunday morning he arrived at the Victoria Hotel,
about five minutes past eleven o'clock ; the passengers
had all left the coach with the exception of a gentleman ;
the reins were thrown on the horses' back, and the ostler
not being present, the animals took fright, and ran along
the promenade at their utmost speed. The gentleman
quickly crept over the coach, dropt off behind, and was
not hurt ; the coachman, in attempting to get off, fell
over on the off side of the coach ; the vehicle did not pass
over him, but, when brought up to the Victoria Hotel, it
was found that several of his ribs were broken ; he lin-
gered till Tuesday morning, and died about two o'clock.
The deceased was about sixty-four years of age, and
used to drive the Umpire coach from Liverpool to Lon-
don. It is a remarkable fact, that the horses in their
fright took two very narrow turns before they got on the
sands, and, when stopped, there was not the least damage
done to either coach or horses.

COLLISION.—On Friday, Mr. Wardle, attorney, ap-
peared before Mr. Rushton, on behalf of C. T. Hatherton,
Esq„ proprietor of the " Sir John Moore, " New Brigh-
ton steam-boat, against Messrs. Parry, proprietors of the
Seacombe steam-boat, for damages sustained by the for-
mer vessel on the Bth of this month, owing to the alleged
carelessness and neglect of the captain and crew of the
latter. A number of witnesses were heard on both sides.
Mr. Edwd. Parry, (brother of Mr. John Parry, and part
owner of the Seacombe boat,) conducted his own defence
with great ability, and in his cross-examination of the
plaintiff's witnesses, as well as by those he called on his
own behalf, succeeded in showing that no blame whatever
attached to the Seacombe boat ; but, on the contrary that
the New Brighton boat was the aggressor. The collision
took place close by the Egremont landing stage—the New
Brighton boat being in the rear of the Seacombe—and it
was only by the latter putting on all steam and going
right a head, and turning into the basin, that she avoidiceg
being run into violently by the New Brighton boat,e h
shores.—
choandtrhaerry full
toul tphoewuesraguens wingahrei lyealeeonmt
COMMISSIONERS.—At the
PAYING AND SEWERAGE COMMeItt Thursday, Mr. J.S
TheT)lyl plying
mbeptlWeienettlwathsediCsneheisssbeidre and Lancashire
amongclosteh up p
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steamers swt stage,
weekly meeting of this board, held
s
s had on hand, which was of
property the commissioner
ht be sold.—Mr. Procter said
Holmes, as usual, presided. b
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effect that the surveyors what
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Publish it. After some little conversation it was agreed
that the report should be made public, and that Mr.
Whitty, who had applied for a copy, should have one.—.
Mr. Procter complained of the sharp turn at the corner
of Elliot-street, pointed out its danger, and the manner
in which the view of St. George's Hall would be spoiled
by the laying out of the street there. The surveyor was
directed to wait upon Mr. Franklin, and request him to
attend the board upon the subject. The surveyor's report
of the state of the wood pavement, put down by the Me-
tropolitan Wood Paving Company, was read. It was
agreed that the company should make some repairs, and
then be paid. A placard, intimating that parties are liable
to a penalty of £5O for disturbing the pavement without
consent of the board, was ordered to be sent to each
builder in the town.—Mr. Brett's analysis of the water
taken from the sewer connected with the Dale-street Gas
Company was read. It stated that all the three samples
contained sulphuretted hydrogen, in combination with
ammonia, and also naptha formed in the preparation of
coal gas ; but as the bottles were not corked, and had
remained several days without being analyzed, it would
require a larger supply newly taken from the sewer to
enable him to tell whether any free sulphuretted gas was
present.
DOCK COMMITTEE, THURSDAY.—Mr. Moore in the
chair. It was ordered that the roof of the iron warehouses
at Albert Dock should be galvanized. A report of the
north harbour-master as to the state and efficiency of the
dock gatemen in his division, was read. It stated that
additional assistance was required for the efficient working
of the docks, and recommended the superannuation of
three, the appointment of five extra, and, also, the ap-
pointment of a master for the Salthouse Dock. The Fi-
nance Committee were authorised to open negotiations for
the purchase of land upon which to construct the com-
munication with the canal. Mr. Aikin.—Dont the canal
proprietors do that ? The Chairman.—We do the work,
but they pay for it. They have already raid £2450 on
account. The solicitor was authorised to give, when the
tpernoapne
trs timeofth
the
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purchased
sh
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shall be required for dock purposes. The treasurer was
authorised to transmit to Mr. Wainewright, of London,
the annual grant of £lOO, already past due. An applica-
tion from Mr. A. E. Carte, of the Ordnance-office, Hull,
who submitted two life belts, was declined. A letter from
Mr. W. Atherton, as to a better mode of securing the
buoys, was read, and referred, with the other, to the Sub-
committeef
bfdreaotifrom
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het
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Chairmanrsl.
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Subcommit-
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that the solicitor having intimated to him that the con-
veyance of the H arrington dock estate had been completed,
he had paid the proportion of the purchase money to be
paid in cash—£lo,o76 14s. 6d., giving an undertaking
that the remainder would be paid in bonds. Mr. Holt
intimated that the sub-committee were not aware what
steam-boat it was which run foul of the bell-buoy, with a
vessel in tow, although it had been stated, last week, that
it was one of the boats belonging to the Steam Tug Corn.
pang. It was one of the tow-boats ; and the person who
saw the transaction was the master of the Liverpool life-
' boat. Mr. Bold said they had examined all the captains,
but they all denied having done it. The committee then
adjourned until Saturday, to consider of the new dock
plans. The Dock Committee are now open to enter into
negotiations for the purchase of the land required for the
ship canal to communicate with the docks. The work of
the communication will be executed by the committee,
but the proprietors of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal will
bear the expense, towards which they have already depo-
sited £2450. The tenants of the property purchased
from the corporation, for the purposes of the new north
docks, will, at the proper period, receive six months' no.
tice to quit. The whole of the land at the north shore
now occupied by the yards of shipbuilders will be required,
and, of course, the tenants will be under the necessity of
removing. The Dock Committee, however, we believe,
have all but resolved to appropriate a piece of land for
this important purpose, feeling desirous to give the utmost
accommodation in this respect to a rapidly-increasing
trade. noydmtr
at
n oenc

INTELLIGEACE.

BLACKBURN AND PRESTON 11AILVL'i;_,Y.—The cutting
on this line was commenced on Tuesday last, near Hogh-
ton Tower.
Since the opening of the Newcastle and Darlington
Junction Railway, the revenue of the York and North
Midland Railway has increased £5OO per week.
TAFF VALE RAILWAY.—At the half yearly meeting
on the 16th instant, a dividend of £1 per share was de-
clared, and it was resolved to create an adequate number
of £2O shares to the amount of £60,000.
SOUTH WALES RA?LWAY.—At a most respectable
meeting at Monmouth on the 13th instant, the high sheriff
in the chair, it was resolved to oppose the intended rail-
way from the Great Western line through South Wales,
via Chepstow, to Cardiff and Swansea ; but one of the
resolutions pointed to a line which was said to be more
eligible, viz. from Gloucester through the centre of Mon-
mouth to Newport, and through nearly ai principal
towns.

GRAND JUNCTION AND LIVERPOOL AND MANCHES-
TER RAILWAYS.—It has lately been rumoured that the
Grand Junction Directors have purchased part of the
works of the Herculaneum Dock Company; and that they
•-t
are about to leave the uiverpool and Manchester line and
make a line of their own from Warrington down the bank
of the Mersey, making their terminus at the south on the
site obtained from the Herculaneum Company. From
the south end, it is said, they are to tunnel under the town
to the north docks.
The dividend declared at the &nth-Western Railway
meeting, held on Friday, was at the increased rate of 325.
6d. per share. The traffic of the line is steadily increas-
ing, and proper economy is exercised in regulating the
expenditure. Shares are to be issued for the extension
of the Nine Elms, terminus, and the propriety of even
bringing it on to Waterloo-bridge is also under conside-
ration. The directors have entered into an agreement
with Messrs. Wheatley and Cook for working the electric
telegraph on the line, and, in addition to the one already
in use for the Admiralty, others are proposed to be laid
down—one for the use of the company, and one for com-
mercial purposes.
PONTOP AND SOUTH SHIELDS RAILWAY COMPANY.
—The half-yearly general meeting of this company was
held on Saturday. The Secretary read the report, fi orn
which it appeared that the gross receipts during the half-
year had been £29.554 12s. 9d., and the expenditure
£21,483 12s. 6d., leaving a balance of £8,071 Os. 3d.
This balance was subject to a charge of £5,243 7s. 9d.,
for interest on the debt of the company, leaving £2.827
12s. 6d. available for the purposes of a dividend, to which
the directors proposed to add the balance they had in hand
from the undivided profits of former years, amounting to
£1,776, which would enable them to declare a dividend
of £1 4s. per share, equal to £4 per cent. on the capital
paid up. The act enabling the company to widen their
line and make a short branch for the purposes of the
Newcastle and Darlington traffic, and the act authorising
the sale of the Durham Junction Railway, had received
the royal assent. On the motion of the Chairman, the
report was unanimously approved and received. In an-
swer to a question, the Chairman stated that the liabilities
of the company were about £21,000. A dividend of £1
ss. per share was then declared.

SOUTH-EASTERN AND DOVER RAILWAY.—A meet-
ing of the Liverpool proprietors of this railway was held
at the Clarendon-roorns, on Friday. Mr. W. Cook was
called to the chair, and stated that the carriage of goods
by this line was unsatisfactory in the extreme. Whilst
the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, opposed by the
river and the canal, is obtaining 4d. per ton per mile, the
Grand Junction, with a canal on either side of it, is getting
upwards of 3d., the London and Birmingham, the South
Western, the Great Western, and the Manchester and
Leeds, are all getting upwards of 3d. per ton per mile,
the South-eastern is obtaining only from 14d to 2d. per
ton per mile. A resolution was passed to the effect, that
the small weekly return for the carriage of goods was un-
satisfactory and required explanation, and resolutions
were also carried that the correspondence between the
secretary should be circulated amongst the proprietors,
and that the accounts should be so kept as to show the
cost of each portion of the railway until opened for traffic,
and the amount resulting from traffic on each part of the
railway and works successively in use shall be charged
only with the expenses accruing on such identical portion
of the undertaking.
GREAT NORTH OF ENGLAND RAILWAY COMPANY.—
On Tuesday last, the half-yearly meeting of this company
was held at Darlington. The traffic receipts for the half-
year ending 30th June, 1844, amounted to £36,189 9s. 11d„
which compared with the corresponding half-year, showed
an increase of £3109 Is. 4d., while the expenses during
the same period had been reduced about £l5O. The dis-
posable balance was £15,957 19s. 4d., out of which the
directors recommended that the same dividend be declared
as was done at the last meeting, viz., £1 12s. 6d. per share,
clear of income tax ; th,s would amount to £10,371 55.,
and would leave a reserve of £5086 14s. 4d. The directors
stated that the increase in the revenue had been principally
in the general merchandise and the coal traffic. The strike
of the pitmen in the counties of Durham and Northum-
berland bad, however, had a prejudicial effect on the
former. With respect to the coal traffic, the chairman
observed—" They could not but congratulate themselves
with respect to the arrangement which had been adopted
relative to the coal trade, especially under present circum-
stances, for in consequence of the strike of the pitmen,
the company would have been losers to the extent of £lOOO
per month since April, had the arrangement which they
had previously entered into not been made. As it was,
however, they had been receiving an increase on the amount
obtained in respect of the coal traffic during the last year
of £lO per cent." A resolution was passed authorising
the directors to apply to parliament for a branch line to
Boroughbridge, Knaresborough, Harrogate, and Ripon.
BRISTOL AND EXETER RAILWAY.—OD Thursday, the
sixteenth half-yearly meeting of the above company was
hold, at Bristol. The report commenced by congratulat-
ing the proprietors on the opening of the line throughout
to Exeter, in May last, thus anticipating by more than a
year the period stipulated in their engagements with the
Great Western Railway Company. The amount of rent
and share of toll due to them by the Great Western Com-
pany for the half year was stated at £33,473 13s. 5d., the
gross earnings being £59,160 Os. lid. ; which was most
satisfactory, considering the short period during which the
receipts for the distance beyond Beambridge were includ-
ed. The engine?r's report also showed that the state of
the line was excellent. All accounts with contractors and
others were so nearly closed as to justify the directors in
stating, that the cost of the construction of the line would
not exceed the amount authorised by the original act of
incorporation. Part of the sums borrowed on debentures
at 5 per cent. interest had been paid off, and new securities
contracted for at 4 per cent., the lenders paying for the
stamp ; the remaining portion of the debentures would be
similarly provided for as they fell due. The report re-
commended them to continue for the present the dividend
of £1 Bs. per share, equal to 4 per cent., free of income-
tax, for the half-year, but looked forward shortly to be
enabled to declare an increased dividend. The report then
went on to recommend the formation of various branches,
and concluded by stating that on the 30th of June there
was a balance of £127,320 Os. 4d. in the banker's hands
and in securities bearing interest.

BIRMINGHAM AND GLOCESTER RAILWAY.—This
company held its half-yearly general meeting on Friday.
The rep irt was as follows :—That the receipts for the past
half-year, ending the 30th of June, had been £53,203, and
the total expenditure £39,261, leaving a disposable balance
of £13,942, applicable to a dividend of 255. per share.
This decrease in the dividend might probably disappoint
those whose expectations were influenced by the recent
receipts, but it was at the same time to be borne in mind
that the amount of dividend was more than double what
was paid in the corresponding six months, of 1843, and
that a far more encouraging prospect than then existed of
future success. The receipts from the passenger traffic
showed an increase of £1,590 over the corresponding
half-year, although no advantage had been obtained prior
to the opening of the Bristol line on the Bth of July last.
The best understanding existed between the directors of
the Bristol and Glocester Company, who were cordially
acting together for their own interests and the convenience
of the public. The opening of the Bristol line had con-
siderably augmented the passenger traffic, though it had
been reduced by the coaches put on between Worcester
and Oxford; but it was hoped that the reduction antici-
pated in the fares of the London and Birmingham would
restore the traffic to its former channel. The increase in
the goods had been greater than in the passenger traffic,
owing, it was conceived, to the company becoming their
own carriers, and the facilities for increasing the merchan-
dize traffic by laying down a line of rails to the Glocester
Docks. A saving under new arrangements would hence-
forth be effected in the maintenance of the permanent way
to the extent of £3,500 per annum. The expenses of the
locomotive department had also been greatly economized,
and the directors had under their consideration a scheme
for a deviation line to Worcester. They had also a line
in contemplation between Bromsgrove and Stourbridge,
which would open to the main line a populous and richly
mineral district. The report was adopted without oppo-
sition.

THE EDINBURGH, LEITH, AND GRANTON

RAILWAY.

It is ever most gratifying to us, as journalists, to see
questions and undertakings which we have supported, ul-
timately prove successful ; and rarely have we been more
gratified than by the perusal of the following paragraph,
which appears in the Railway Record, upon the subject of
the Edinburgh, Leith, and Granton Railway, for whose
interests we have battled, and whose value we asserted,
when appearances were indeed unpromising. That this is
now prospering, we rejoice to see acknowledged by a writer
who, if we mistake not, has formerly opposed them as
strenuously, and, no doubt, as honestly, as we supported
them. The amende now made is honourable to him :

- .
.7icobably there is no instance on record of a railway company
having encountered so many difficulties as the Edinburgh, Leith,
and Newhaven Company—and living. That under its new name
of the Edinburgh, Leith, and Granton, that company is in life, and
in vigorous life too, the report of the directors, which appears in
another page, abundantly attests.
many mistakes were committed in the earlier days of the under-
taking; but in what company were not mistakes then committed,
which now there would be small merit in avoiding? The re-action
which followed what has been usually described as the railway ma-
nia of seven or eight years since, had well nigh annihilated the
Newhaven scheme, as it annihilated others; but, thanks to the
energy of a few—and they were very few— of its promoters, the
company has weathered the storm, and may now look forward to a
prosperous career.
" Our attention was prominently drawn to this railway in its new
form, from having been present for several days in the Committee-
room of the House of Commons, during the late session, when its
claims were very powerfully put forward. For an able and lucid
exposition of the parliamentary contest, and its results, we refer to
the report already mentioned. W e regret to learn from that report,
and from other sources, that some of the neighbouring companies
are not so friendly to the Granton line as could be wished. It is
unworthy of them to seek to injure, or interfere with, or to affect
contempt respecting, this short but' very important railway; and,
moreover, it is impolitic, for they cannot hope to crush it, and they

'eniselves a
are taldrig the most direct means of alienating is have
valuable ally. We hope to hear speedily that wiser count.,
prevailed."

" In proof of the position with which we set out—that the C,411.-,
pany is in health and strength—We observe from the Liverpool lists
that the shares have this week been sold at within .£3 of par.
Two years ago they might have been had, literally. for nothing !"

MEDICAL REFORM-THE GOVERNMENT
BILL.

The following is an abstract of Sir James Graham's
" Bill for the better regulation of Aledical Practice
throughout the United Kingdom."

Clause 1. Repeals numerous acts of parliament, the
titles of which are given, and "so much of any act or
charter granted before the passing of this act as pro-
hibits any person from practising physic or surgery
in any place, or as imposes any restriction on the prac-
tice of physic and surgery other than is contained in this
act."

2. Proposes to establish a " Council of Health and
Medic 1 Education," to be composed, Ist, of the Re-
gius Professors of the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge,
Dublin, Edinburgh, and Glasgow ; 2d, of a physician and
a surgeon, to be chosen respectively by each of the Col-
leges of Physicians and the Colleges of Surgeons of Eng-
land, Ireland, and Scotland ; 3d, by six other persons to
be appointed by the Queen—one to be a Principal Secre-
tary of Sta:e.

3. At the end of the third, and each of the two next fol-
lowing years, one physician and one surgeon appointed by
the colleges to go out of office.

4. The first class to continue members of the council
so long as they hold their offices ? and any vacsncy in
the third class to be replaced by the Queen and Privy
Council.
5. Vacancies in the second class to be filled by members
who are to remain three years, and may afterwards be re-
chosen, subject to the Queen's approval ; but no president,
vice-president, or examiner eligible.
6 and 7 Provides that the regulations under which the
second class are elected be approved by the Council of
Health ; members of the second and third classes may re-
sign, or be dismissed by the Queen, and replaced.
8. Council to appoint a principal secretary, and local
secretaries for Scotland and Ireland, also clerks and mes-
smgers, and to remove any of them, al with consent of a
Secretary of State.

9. Members of the council, and such secretaries, clerks,
&c., to be paid such salaries as treasury permits ; treasury
may also allow reasonable travelling or other expenses to
any of them.

10. The said Secretary of State to be President of
the Council, with power to nominate one of the third
class to be rice-president. In the absence of both, the
council mar appoint one for the day.
11 and 12. Council to meet when and where the presi-
dent appoints; seven members to be a quorum: president
to have a casting vote ; minutes of the proceedings to be
kept, and open to the inspection of persons appointed by
the colleges.

13. Council to keep and publish a register of all who
produce qualifications to practise as a physician, a sur-
geon, or a licentiate in medicine and surgery: £5 to be
paid by physicians and surgeons for registration, and £2
by the licentiate : such sums to be applied to defray the
carrying out the act. Names and qualifications to be for-
warded in January each year.

14. Licentiates in medicine and surgery to be twenty
one years old, and to have been examined by the colleges
in either country, but if in England by the Apothecaries'
Company also.
15, None, with certain exceptions, to be registered as
surgeons unless twenty-five years old, and examined,
on showing that he had applied to surgical studies for five
years.
__

16. Physicians to be registered if twenty-six years old
and graduates in medicine of British, Irish, or foreign
university, after five years medical studies. Foreign
graduates to be first certified by some of the colleges.
17. Relates to registering as physicians and surgeons.
18. Physicians and surgeons registered after examina-
tion to be associates of the college in which he has had
his diploma, and, on removal to either part of the United
Kingdom, to be an associate of the college of that part
without further examination.
19. Each college to give the council its curriculum
when called upon: council empowered to make such
changes as it may deem necessary to equalise the qualifi-
cation and the fees necessary for examination.
20. Hereafter no degree in the faculty of medicine to
be given unless the person matriculated in the same uni-
versity, and attended medical instruction in it for two
years next before the granting of the degree.
21. Lawful for any university to grant the degree of
Bachelor in the Faculty of Medicine to persons twenty-
two years old, who have otherwise pursued certain
studies.
22. No bye-laws of any of the colleges to be valid until
approved of by the Council of Health.
23. The students at the several hospitals and medical
schools to be registered as directed by council—fee not to
exceed 10s. each, and to be remitted to council. No hos-
pital or school to be recognised which neglects this re-
gistration.
24. Relates to the examining bodies, 25 authorises the
council to depute its secretary or any member to attend
at the examinations, and to ascertain, if the regulations
in respect to them and to qualifications have been ad-
hered to.

26. After passing of the act, no person except regis-
tered as above, to be " appointed to any medical or sur-
gical office in any public hospital, prison, infirmary, dis-
pensary, work-house, or other institution" or in the
army or navy, or East India service. Council can proceed
to specify what such public offices are.

27. Exempts all so registered from serving on juries,
and none else are evidence on medical or surgical subjects
in courts of law.

28. Lawful for council, within twelve months, to re-
gister any physician, surgeon, or apothecary, on produc-
tions of diploma or certificate; and
29 and 30. All who, after the passing of the act, ap-
pointed to and practice in, any public, medical, or surgical
office, are liable to a penalty of £2O, and none but regis-
tered persons, or those who can show that they were
legally practising when the act passed, can recover at law
for professional attendance, or "for any medicines pre-
scribed or administered."

31. Persons falsely pretending to be registered liable to
fine and imprisonment, as court may award.

"THE NORRIS LETTERS."-THE CHETHAM
SOCIETY.

At a meeting of the Liverpool Town Council the week be-
fore last, a letter addressed to the mayor was read from Mr.
J. Heywood, F.RS., of Manchester, (dated from Carnar-
von,) requesting the loan of " the Norris letters," now
in the possession of the Corporation. The object of the
application was, that such parts of the letters as would be
useful in illustrating the local history and manners of the
period to which they refer, might be printed by the Che-
tham Society, of which Mr. Heywood, Lord Francis
Egerton, and others are the principal members. The ap-
plication was immediately granted ; and the MSS. will
shortly be forwarded as requested by Mr. Eleywood, the
intervening delay being merely caused by a formal inspec-
tion of the several papers on the part of the custodier,
who is the Town-clerk. Although these decuments are
almost exclusively local, and relate to a family of con-
siderable distinction in the history of Liverpool, there
were many members of the council who did not know
that the Corporation possessed any thing of the sort, and
scarcely one who knew to what events they referred.
They consist of two very thick demy-folio volumes,
strongly bound, on the leaves of which the several docu-
ments have been neatly gummed; and they came into
the possession of the corporation through Mr. Charles
Okill, the clerk of committees, who purchased them,
many years ago, in Manchester, at a sale of the effects
of Mr. Heywood, the father of the present Sir Benjamin
Heywood and Mr. James Heywood, from whom the ap-
plication proceeded, and who, we believe, are the nearest
living representatives of the Norris family. The docu-
ments in these curious volumes embrace the period be-
tween 1688, shortly after the accession of William the
Third, and the year 1700. They extend, consequently,
over nearly the whole of the reign of that monarch ; and.
as some of the writers engaged in the public affairs of
that period, there is scattered up and down a good deal
opinion,o f political
butgossip,of t
curioustleo
n
enough n
ae, w b both t h
should inlanguage
think. and
in
illustrating the general
persona
oinf
Lthievetripmoeosl.
at The 1
thatie N or-
s were considerable
pe-
riod; their residence was at Speke Hall. Thomas
Norris represented the borough from 1688 to 1695, during
which time there are letters in this collection to him
from his relatives and connections. At his death his son,
Sir William Norris, was elected a member for the borough,
and it is in him that the greatest interest centres ; for he,
along with others, embarked in a company formed in op-
position to the Old East India Company. Many of his
letters have exclusive relation to this new scheme, and in
one or two strong terms are used towards the old con-
cern, while cautions are given to divers friends not to
embark in it. Eventually a plan having obtained the
sanction of the King to erect a New East India Com-
pany, two millions of money were subscribed for it, and
privileges were granted to the adventurers in opposition
to the old company, which was to be abolished on three
years' notice being given. It having been proposed that
the king should send an ambassador to the great mo-
gul, in whose dominions the Old East India Company
had at that time their principal settlements, to notify
the new establishment and to endeavour to obtain fa-
vour and protection for it, Sir William Norris (at that
time M.P. for Liverpool) was appointed to this embassy,
with a splendid establishment and ample funds ; but the
emperor and his viceroy were prejudiced against the new
scheme, so that when an audience had with difficulty been
obtained, it was of no service. Sir William died on the
voyage returning to England ; and his sword, as ambas-
sador, the handle of which is said to be solid silver, was
subsequently presented to the corporation by his descend-
ants, and it is now in their possession. So long as the
police-court is held within the Town-hall this sword was
hung over the mayor's chair, the symbol of justice ; now
it lies unnoticed in the borough chest, the scabbard fixed
to the blade by rust, and the splendid appointments which
accompanied it mouldered away. The struggle between the
two companies, and its termination in a giant monopoly (al-
though the alleged object of the new body was to open the
trade to the east,) is now a matter of history. According to
the Modern Universal History, it was in reality "a trial
which side should bribe the highest ; public authority in-
clining to one or other as the irresistible force of gold di-
rected." This account does not speak favourably for the
morality of the times, but no evidence of its justness is to
be discovered in the correspondence of Sir William Nor-
ris, as far as we have been permitted to look it over.
These transactions formed, as far as we know, the most
formidable agitation against the exclusive trade to the
east, and Ire consequently the most valuable and interest-
ing part of the entire series of letters ; but the whole of
them on this subject are largely mixed up with private
matters, pecuniary and business affairs, so that the
gentleman to :whom the task of „Foliation and selection

iis to be entrusted (Dr. Fleming, probably,) may expect to
find his patience somewhat tested. Parts of the M.S.S.
relate to the circumstance of the borough of Liverpool,
-I from them some information may possibly be gained
'"... , what is called the " cheesemongers" case against
'1 dues ; others again are bills for personal
the totin -sicims' fees, lawyers' charges, ser-
ex,'..enses. iii p., •
wants' wages, anti
A t.-
'tnestic accounts; receipts of lega-
cienrie intsterteesptre t'
senn nin , promissory notes, and do.
c
collection is Unquestionably veq' cOriOus, and it is large
tinit°grtgunig: ty transactions. The entire
tiii
enough, in of) the particulars we have innitioned, to gra-
tify a day's inqusisitiveness upon the part cf any one, who,
besides having a taste for such a pursuit, has some local
knowledge of the principal families and public events of
the period. By whoeser it was made (probably by Ed-
ward Norris, who represented Liverpool from 1714 to
1722) it shows, that in addition to considerable industry,
he had a high respect for all' the parties, inasmuch as he
seems to have attached great importance to the veriest tri-
fles, and also to have been exceedingly fond of neatness,
order, and arrangement. Both the volumes are in unex-
ceptionable order, the probability being, that they have
never been touched from the tizne they came into the mu-
niment room of the corporation, till Mr. Heywood's let-
ter called up the remembrance of them.—Man.. Guard.

ENGLISH OPINIONS UPON THE FRENCH
NAVAL DISPLAY AT TANGIER.

over
abi
ability We gave in our last the French version of the-late oc-
currences at Tangier, and their own opinion as to the na-
val science and judgment displayed during the bombard-
ment. Every thing, of course, in the eyes of our vain
neighbours, was done as no other nation save France can
do. The Prince de Joinville proved himself a miracle of
valour and talent; and his officers and crews proved on
the occasion, to the assembled fleets, who were spectators'
of their doings, that France could, but for her vast mag-
nanimity and merciful consideration for humanity, blow
them
rbi
ofar; v
ataw,g r
aoat
n‘rnvi
tcdi real.
,bk lws i
uAnr
rigdst , t i
et
aani
encsado,
nr swdr wei
scte
phte i :yr
keet
es, hnp
he
e,ocs
and
wet aet sov
ebt
arryl i, i u
a otmfch
epi
ssrhot
naamnai
ne-t
ovaf the u
alllei xtp
unEnglish faction at home evidently gloried in, we take
the liberty of quoting from some able letters from the
scene of operations which have appeared in the London
Times, the opinions upon the subject of British naval
officers, who watched the French. operations, and who
(after all the bombastic praise which we have lately heard
of the efficiency of the French marine) would watch them
with deep interest and attention. _
....

The first from which we quote "From a Naval Officer"
is dated " Her Majesty's ship Warepite, Bay of Tangier,
Aug. 7, 1844," in which the writer, after minutely de-
scribing the operations, thus comments upon them :
"Upon the whole, it appeared the universal impression that the
Prince, with his two liners and a frigate, had not displayed a
good exhibition in gunnery; and, in two particular instances
that occurred during the day, the impression as to the total de-
ficiency of the French in the art of gunnery received most re-
markable confirmation.,,

"The first case which shall be adduced was exhibited by the Tri-
ten, of 62 guns. A small fort, mounting about nine guns,
standing a mile and a half from Tangier north-west along the
coast, has by repeatedly firing an occasional gun attracted the
notice of the belligerents; accordingly, about noon, the said
ship was ordered to proceed to silence it, towed by a steamer.
As the Triton neared her object three or four random and dis-
tant shots were discharged at her, and before the ship got abreast
of the fort the Moors abandoned the guns, for they offered no
resistance. The ship, however, most undauntedly persisted in
firing five or six rounds during two hours! The gal ant crew
then for half an hour took rest, after which, as a parting salvo,
they discharged at the fort two rounds more of shot, and then
magnanimously moved off, taken again in tow by the steamer !
But how great was the astonishment of every one to perceive,
as the smoke cleared away, such very little injury do: e. The
embrasures lode d were hardly touched, perhaps not more than
six shots left any impression, notwithstanding the ship lay not
more than three quarters of a mile distant !

" The second instance presented to observation, illustrating
the same inefficiency with respect to gunnery, was exemplified
by the Belle Poule, a heavy new 60-gun frigate. About I p.m.,
the Belle Poule was ordered to weigh and proceed immediately
to silence a round fort, on the eastern side of the bay, right op-
posite the town. The frigate forthwith proceeded on the ser-
vice assigned her, and a more miserable attempt or a more con-
temptible failure perhaps was never witnessed, and does not
cease to cal forth the ridicule and jeers of all who were specta-
tors of the transaction. As the Belle Poule approached her sta-
tion towards the fort, its defenders fired by way of challenge se-
veral distant shots ; these, from their distant range, gave unde-
niable evidence of the heavy calibre of the guns, and induced
the Frenchmen to shorten sail very soon, and creeping up ti-
midly drop anchor at such a distant position that the guns of the
frigate could not reach the beach, much less prove effective
against the object of assault. However, the Frenchman reso-
lutely fired irregular rounas of shot in the direction of the fort,
for full two hours, but w th as much effect as though aimed at
the rock of Gibraltar. After this achievement a steamer took
the frigate in tow, but the forte, in scornful defiance, gave her
the last and farewell shot ! In the instance just ated, the
Moors stood by their guns to the last, and the sole reason that
the French frigate escaped a most severe chastisement is en-
tirely attributable to the want of gunnery science on the part of
the Moors, for the f. rt was armed with ordnance of formidable
character, and undoubtedly would, if properly directed, have
committed terrible execution, for the shot frequently passed
right over the Belle Poule

Thus ended the French operations for the day, the whole
squadron hauling out ide the bay ? During the whole of the.
action, the numerous steamers were idly looking on ; their ser-
vices were confined to that of towing the other ship; and the tak-
ing shelter amongst the neutral vessels ! In the mean time, about
half-past 12 p.m., the Vesuvius arrived with Mr. Hay, the Bri-
tish Consul. Whatever the French may themselves think of
their exploit in assaulting the old and ill defended fortifications
of Tangier, they have not acquired the respect of those who ob-
served and noted their proceedings. In short, there seems to be
but one and a general opinion,—that the " tricolor" has rather
been dishonoured throughout the affair. The French have
evinced on this occasion both a disgraceful want of gallantry
and a contemptible incapacity and deficiency. The Prance has
made a very sorry debut as a naval commander, and if this
should characterize the future " Nelson" of the French navy,
France ought to welcome his resignation, for the Prince de
Joinville has not maintained the honour of the national flag, and
this too in the presence of so many foreign flags."
Most particularly we direct the attention of our readers
to the passage in italics, relating to the French steamers,
which, after the flaming description of them given by the
Prince de Joinville in his celebrated pamphlet, we ex-
pected to have found something better than mere tug-
boats—something more like our own Nemesis and others,
who so eminently distinguished themselves as fighting
ships, at Acre and in the Chinese seas.
Another extract from this letter conveys an important
fact:--

" Before concluding my article, it must not be omitted to be
stated that there was one circumstance in this transaction
which affords, and did in a most s'riking manner give, the
most unqualified satisfaction to the whole British squadron
present at it, namely, the conspicuous deficiency of the French
marine in their gunnery. Yesterday, in every point did the
French clearly and indubitably prove themselves totally insuf-
ficient to cope with the British navy. This fact ought to be
made known, nor can it be too widely circulated in England,
the evident and vast disparity in every branch of naval efficieney
between the French and ourselves. Before the events of yes-
terday, there was certainly not an officer on board this ship,
perhaps not a man, but would have given our rivals credit and
character for far more professional ability than they themselves
displayed."

A letter, " from another officer," dated " Tangier
Bay," after a similar comment upon the conduct of the
operations, and some remarks upon the insufficiency of
the results produced, thus concludes :

" At all events, they have not much to boast of, as their firing
and manoeuvring were far from good ; and, considering there
was a man-of-war from all nations looking on, it will not speak
well for their good gunnery oraer. I myself am delighted to
have had the chance of seeing a French squadron under fire,
and for the future shall look on the boasting journals of France
with a laugh on my face. I must say one thing more, though
I am not a boaster; but one regiment from Gibraltar, and a
hundred Artillerymen manning these forts, would have sent
Joinville and his gang to Davy's locker."

Another letter, dated from on board the Warspite, thus
characterises this " great victory" ?
" Such a display of lubberly conduct as the French have
shown to-day is beyond belief : their steamers running foul of
different ships—from bad management the line-of.battle. ships
presenting their bows and sterns to he raked, and their bahasd
gunnery
amoag o
madeusluar men;ugh.
cLittuleld theydothey know,
be
let
Cra-
pauds would ruethi3 day ! We despise them for their conduct
their lubberly way of going to work."
We
ooste the feeling
against
to-day,
aindmfiriitngthaatta
idtefewnocuelledssstcoawrcne,lays much as we laugh at
be fair towards the
French to omit acknowledging that the criticisms above
referred to are from men evidently warmly impressed with
the superiority of the navy to which they belong, and
perhaps predisposed to find fault with that of a rival
power. Still we cannot but believe that statements, coming
from honourable men, of facts occurring in the presence
of so many brother officers of all countries, can be, al-
though perhaps highly coloured, in their main features
true. As such they will be received by their fellow-
countrymen, and the world out of France; and they
bear, we have no doubt, a proud consolation to every
British heart, who relies upon the country's naval supe-
riority, and peace of mind to those few recreant and
trembling believers in the Bobadil statements of French
politicians, that France and Joinville could eat up Eng-
land at a meal.

The Morning Herald of Saturday gives the following
description of the bombardment :
At length all was ready, and amid shouts of Vice le Roi, the fire
was opened, and Tangier hid from our sight by a thick cloud of
smoke. Our balls were launched with a rapidity and precision truly
admirable, and as soon as the smoke cleared off we could see, with-
out the aid of a glass, the batteries crumbling into dust, and several
houses on the water-side completely gutted. The enemy replied
with great energy, but, fortunately for us, their guns were badly
pointed. Their balls fell in all directions around the Jemmapes
over our head, but few touched us, and those that did did us no
serious injury. After the tiring had lasted an hour, the prince gave
order to cease firing in order to give the Triton and Belle Poule time
to take up their positions. The firing now recommenced, and di-
rected by order of the prince principally against the forts, the prince
being desirous to spare the town the horrors of a bombardment. In
the second attack the Suffren and Jemmapes directed their fire
against the Casbad, which commands the town, and which might
have caused us much injury had the guns been well pointed. All
the batteries along the coast and in the environs of Tangier kept up
soon silenced. Bad the enemy been in a position to direct their
a continued firing against us ; but it did not last long—they were
guns with precision, great injury would have been done to the Belle
Poule. At 2 p.m., the Triton, towed by the Vetoes, took up a favor-
able position opposite to a battery, about a mile from Tangier, and
in about an hour completely destroyed it: The Triton set fire to a
number of houses, which burnt for many hours. We have only had
two cabin-boys killed, one on board the Jemmapes, and the other on
board the Suffren, and about thirty wounded, many mortally. The
steam-boats sustained little or no injury. The prince leaves on the
Bth for Magadore; there the affair will be more serious, the intention
of our young admiral being to reduce the town to ashes. Magadore
has .50,000 inhahitants ; it is protected by many batteries, amongst
teotchtsersth,ebeyntraonnecemtooutntehe dhabrbyotuv,r-e.nti bics,
yp ae er
d a nt
hda twohui
rchlampror-
vessels will not find sufficient water, and that the affair will solely
be confined to the steamers. We have received orders to destroy, on
our road to Oran, all vessels bearing the Morocco flag. I have not
time to say more to-day. You shall hear from me again after the
bombardment of Magadore."

SECOND CHESS MATCH BETWEEN MR. STAUNTON
AND M. ST. AMANT.—The preliminaries of another
match at chess between these distinguished champions of
England and France have been arranged, and it is to come
off at Paris in about a month. It was at first wished that
M. St. Amant, who was desirous of another trial of skill
with Mr. Staunton, should come over to London to fight
the match ; but, as that could not bo arranged, Mr.
Staunton, rather than seem to shrink from the contest,
agreed to go over to Paris a second time. The Liverpool
Chess Club has contributed £5O towards the expenses of
the match.