The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1845-01-07 00:00:00

WHERE THE TRACTARIANS SEPARATED FROM THE
HIGH CHURCH PARTY.—Having sufficiently settled this
point, and made their appeals to tradition in regard to a
matter where tradition is of undoubted authority, the
leaders of the movement went on to strengthen their ar-
gument by shewing that the Church, in her interpretation
of important doctrines, is quite as far in advance of other
sects as she is in her apostolical constitution, and her
faithful regard to primitive order. And here it was that
the writers of the Tracts for the Times first began to lose
themselves. Tney had adventured upon ground so deli-
cate, so unsafe, that to pass over it without damage was
next to impossible. For the authority on which they had
rested, and fairly, too, as sustaining their views of Church
government and apostolical succession, was here of no
avail. Unless we believe that St. Clement and St. Igna-
tius were both inspired, we are no more bound to accept
their interpretation of the words of Scripture than any
which may be offered by Thomas Aquinas, or John Cal-
vin, or Daniel Melville, or John 'Wesley. And hence all
the information which they communicated to us, regard-
ing the opinions which were held by the fathers with re-
spect to the nature and purposes of the holy sacrament,
tended only to startle and to alarm. For it is worthy of
remark, that, from day to day, the list of the fathers be-
came in their hands continually greater. It was no more
of those, concerning whom our own Cave has well writ-
ten, that they made mention. Others, of more doubtful
character, were placed side by side with these, till, in the
end, both they and we became entangled in all the intri-
cacies of the middle ages. Hence the avowal of a princi-
ple which the Reformed Church of England has uniformly
denounced and put from her, that in communicating to
the people the counsel of God any reserve shall be prac-
tised. And, finally, the fatal Tract 90, with the sermons
and pamphlets arising out of it, of which the issues were
to excite our 'iv* apprehension that they who undertook
to keep the multitude within the pale of the Church of
their fathers were, in point of fact, leading them through
that Church, and carrying them, blindfolded and misled,
into communion with the Church of Rome.—Fraser's

Magazine

THE CHOCOLATE TaEE.—Tbe cacao, or chocolate tree,
is known to botanists by the generic name of Thtobroma,
signifying, in the Greek language, food for a god ; a name
which was bestowed upon it by Linnaeus, to mark his
opinion of the excellent quality of its seeds. Benjoni,
however, who travelled in the sixteenth century, formed
a very different estimate of its merits, and declared that
chocolate was a drink " fitter for a pig than a man ;" an
opinion for which nothing but gross ignorance could ac-
count, so totally false and absurd is it. I know it to be
good for both ; and not the less so for man, because it is
exceedingly fattening for the swinish fraternity. There
are three species of the Theobroma—the Theobroma ca-
cao, of which I am now treating ; the Theobroma Guja-
nentis, and the Theobronsa bicolor ; this genus belongs to
the class Polyadelphia, and to the order Pentogynia.
The sort under consideration is produced by a tree sel-
dom rising ebove the height of twenty feet; it is equal in
size to an orange-tree, and its leaves are large, oblong and,
pointed. Herrera, the historian, compares the leaves
with those of the chesnut-tree ; but there is very little, if
any, resemblance. The whole tree more resembles the
cherry-tree than any other I can compare it with, the
leaves, however, being infinitely larger than those of that
plant. The flowers, which are small, and of a pale red
colour, spring from the large branches, and also from the
trunk ; they are succeeded by oral-pointed pods, grooved
like a melon, and, indeed, not unlike that fruit, although
the cacao-pod be smaller in g,rth than the melon. They
contain a white pithy substance, which is of a sweetish,
but sickeningly mawkish and disagreeable taste, and sur-
rounds ❑umerous seeds : these are the cacao of commerce.
These seeds are oval-formed, and about as large as a
moderate-sized almond-kernel, but not so slender; they
are, internally, 01 a very dark brown colour, approaching
to dun, and are covered with a thin skin or husk, of a
light reddish-brown colour. The nuts are very numerous,
but vary in this respect, some pods containing as many as
fifty, white others do not yield more than twenty seeds ;
they are, as is well known, of a very oily nature. The
tree produces fruit twice a year, or rather its principal
bearings are two, although it may be said to he never
altogether without some pods on it.— Colonial Magazine.

MARKET DAY IN AN EGYPTIAN TOWN.—Benisooef
is a place of some consideration, with several mosques,
caravanserais, and large private houses, together with an
extensive well-supplied bazaar, frequented once a week by
the peasants of the country round. As it happened to he

market-day, this bazaar, thronged with peoplezfurmed an
interesting and striking, but not a gay scene : both sellers
and buyers, with but few exceptions, had an air of po-
verty ; and among those exceptions were the officers of a
regiment of cavalry, quartered in the town, whose gorge-
ous uniforms, glittering with gold, contrasted disagreeably
with the rags which scarcely covered the nakedness of the
half-starved Fellabs. If you except the necessaries of life,
the articles exposed for sale in an Egyptian bazaar would
in general be regarded with scorn at an English fair; in
an earthenware shop at Benisooef, for example, all the ar-
ticles of English manufacture consisted done small white
bason„ a soup-plate, and a few dessert-plates of the com-
monest kind, most of which I bought for four piastres.
In another place you see a man vending pipe-heads,
whose whole stock might be purchased for five shillings;
yet he gets bis living, such as it is, by selling them. An-
, other person had a few onions, another a small quantity
of dates, a third, the most thriving person by far, is en-
gaged in selling hot rakes mixed with butter, at ten pares
each, which he bakes as you eat them. Bread every day
grows cheaper as you ascend the Nile ; at Benisooef we
bought for a piastre, sixteen small cakes, as nice, though
not quite so fine, as muffins ; thirty-two eggs for the same
money ; eight small lemons, or rather citrons, for ten
paras ; mutton twenty-eight paras per pound ; butter and
milk, both excellent, were rather dearer. From this part
of the bazaar we proceeded to that which is held ameng
of the bazaar we proceeded to that which is held among
the large mounds of rubbish to the north of the town.
Here we observed a more lively scene. On one side,
near an old wall, were a number of water-jars, pots, and
pans, with a row of Arab wcmen squatting down behind
them, laughing and chatting with infinite glee and volubi-
lity. Near these appeared a group of female itinerant
lineridrapers, each with a piece of course linen on her lap,
and in the midst of them a woman engaged in spinning
the thread from which this course fabric is manufactured.
Further on, a man with mats, another with printed cot-
tons, and a third with carrots or other vegetables. In the
midst of these, as if to shame the meanness of their hum-
ble dress, we observed a number of cavalry officers, in
their rich variegated costume, mounted on superb horses,
dashing up the steep mounds, then down again, checking
their fiery steeds in mid gallop. Their principal com-
mander, dressed in a magnificent" scarlet cloak, embroi-
dered vest, and costly shawl, with a fine horse and sabre,
appeared, from his luxuriant carrotty mustachois, to be
some German renegade ; though, on the day before, I
bad seen an Arab with a red beard, and even mtunmivs

have been found with hair of this colour. A large build-
ing, with numerous glass windows and green blinds, situ-
ated at the northern entrance to the town, is one of the
Pasha's abandoned cotton manufactories, now converted
into a hospit,tl. One of the principal mosques of the
city. has been undermined by the Nile, which, unless ar-
tificially dammed off, will soon wash away the whole town.
The great sugar plantations of Egypt commence a little to
the north of Benesooef, and these, together with the
Dhourro, seem to occupy all the industry of the inhabi-
tants, there being fine fields of tobacco, wheat, and cot-
ton, and indigo plantations. Sucking the raw sugar-cane
is a great luxury with the Arabs ; and, in reality, the
juice has a pleasant taste.—Library of Travel.