The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1833-01-18 00:00:00

lahner,—that as they had borne so much and so pa-
o get pos,session of the place, it was but fair that they
have some indulgence when their work and trials were
1 with success, especially as the armies of other powers
a rule generally to give an assaulted fortress up' to
They had also become quite reckless of life from do
)osure to death ,• but an English army cannot plunder
French. The latter keep themselves more sober, and
re to the solid and substantial benefit to be derived !Tom
the former sacrifice every thing to drink ; and then
a state of intoxication, with all the bad passions set
the same time, I know hot what they will hesitate Po
Lte."—Surtees's Twenty-five Years in the Rifle Brigade:

Boni.—A Mr. Penshois is stated to have contrived a
portant improvement, by which the life-boitt may be
i in five minutes instead of thirty—li vast matter whoa
lives are at stake.
vies.—The mountain has been in a state of activity
all the early part of December; and in consequence of
longed eruptions, the lava had, according to the latest
3, spread considerably, and threatened the habitations

IN OF PROPERTY.—The first objects of property were
s which a man gathered, and►the wild animals ho caught;
these, the tents and houses which he built, the tools ho
se of to catch or prepare his food; and afterwards, we:,-
war and offence. Many of the savage tribes in North
a have advanced no farther than this yet; -for they are
eap their harvest, and return the produce of their market
eigners into the common hoard or treasury of the tribe.
and herds of tame animals soon become property;
he second son of Adam, was a keeper of sheep ; sheep
.n, camels and asses, composed the wealth of the Jewish
hs, as they do still of the modern Arabs. As the world
t peopled in the east, where there existed a great scarcity
welts, probably, were next made property; as we learn
frequent and serious mention of them in the Old Tes-
and contentions and treaties about them, and, from its
ecorded among the most memorable achievements of
inent men that they dug or discovered a well.—Land,
now so important a part of property, which alone our
El real property, and regard upon all occasions with
uliar attention, was probably not made property in any
till long after the institution of many other species of
7; that is, till the country became populous, and tillage
abe thought of. The first partition of an estate which
ot; was that which took place between Abram and Lot
one of the simplest imaginable : "If thou wilt take the
d, then I will go to the right ; or if thou depart to the
nd, then I will go to the left."—There are no traces of
r in land in Caesar's account, of Britain : but little of it
istory of the Jewish patriarchs : none of it found among
ons of North America: the Scythians are expressly said
appropriated their cattle and houses, but to have left
id in common.—Property in immoveables continued, at
longer than the occupation, that is, so long as a man's
ontinued in possession of a cave, or his flocks depastured
teighbouring hill—no one attempted, or thought he had
to disturb or drive them out; but when the man quitted
!, or changed his pasture, the first who found them un-
-1 entered upon them by the same title as his predeces-
id made way, in his turn, for any one that happened to
him. All more permanent property in land was pro-
isterior to civil government and to laws; 'and, therefore,
iy these, or according to the will of the reigning chief.

.LEMAGNE'S PROGRESS TO ROME.—Charlemagne set
n Pavia, accompanied by a considerable army, and au
e train of bishops, priests, and nobles; and, passing
Tuscany, he advanced by rapid journeys upon Rome.
and songs of triumph greeted him on the way; towns,
and villages, poured forth to see him pass; the serf, the
and the noble, joined in acclamations which welcomed
lueror of the Lombards; and dead Italy seemed to reviver
'orious aspect of the victor. Thirty miles from the city,
net by all those who could still boast of generous blood
a, with ensigns and banners; and at a mile's distance
e walls, the whole schools came forth to receive hiru,
in their hands branches of the palm and the olive, and
in the sweet Roman tongue! the praises and gratulatic,O,
mighty deliverer. Thither, too, came the standard 01
s, with which it had been customary to meet the Exarcho
r visits to the city ,• and truly, since the days of he%
splendour, never had Rome beheld such a sight *4
her gates with the monarch of the Francs. It was noW
;c army come to ravage and to spoil, with hunger and
n their looks, and foulness and barbarism in their gat-
On the contrary, a long train of the princes and nobles
rlike and beautiful nation, mingling, in the brilliant
peace, with all the great of a people they had delivered;
thegates of Rome, and, amidst songs of victory am',
ofjoy, were led forward, through all the splendid
of ancient art, the accumulated magnificence 0‘
!s of power and conquest, by a monarch such as the
is seen but once. ' Above the ordinary height of mart,
lagne was a giant in his stature as in his mind; but the
. and easy proportion of all his limbs spoke the con'',
of wonderful activity with immense strength, aria
while it astonished. His countenance was as strikint4
;lire; and his broad high forehead, his keen and flashing
d bland unwrinkled -brow, offered a bright pictur. ie.,
the spirit of physiognomy, natural to all men, might
e expression of a powerful intellect and a benevolent
On so solemn an occasion as his entry late Rome, G ,
simplicity of his attire was laid aside; and he now ar,,
)lazing in all the splendour of royalty, his robes wrougV
e and gold, his brow encirled with jewels, and his veg
glittering with precious stones. As he approached t
Oe
of St. Peter, and was met by the Exarch's cross, the
a alighted from his horse, and, with his principal follof
ceeded on foot to the steps of the cathedral. The marl'' ,
everence for the shrine of the apostle were such as „,
;it might well pay, whose actions and whose power left
of respect being construed into submission. In time
ear the door, he was met by Pope Adrian, attended 11
clergy, clothed in the magnificent vestments of tile'
church; and while loud shouts rent the air of "Biesq
o cometh in the name of the Lord!" the pontiff held ,l'o
r to his heart, poured, forth his gratitude, and loaee
i blessings.'—James's History of Charlemagne.
OF MONONIANIA.—Not many years since I dined with
man of distinguished abilities. There were other guestl,
ur host was well, and in the full performance of his int!r
ianifestations, when, on a sudden, he was noticed to glen to the door of the room, welcomed an unse;
,rose, and handed him to a chair, addressed him, v
is answers, and maintained the supposed conversatioo,
itleman, next day, was completely free fromithe strap
ation. The second example is one which I shall quo,,
,potable authority. It is the history of the epidesu;
Lula of St. Souard, and never was there a history ni.° .
and extraordinary. A battalion of French sachet.;
he toils and dangers of a campaign, were marchingl
i point on a hot and overcoming day, and at double wil
eed. Their strength was 800 men, all hardy, seasoned
irageous men, careless of danger, despising the de',
le occupied with the thoughts of ghosts and phant9
. On the night of the occurrence in question, t '
a was forced to occupy a narrow and low building, batt
tiiied to accommodate 300 persons. Nevertheless w
ut at midnight one and all were roused by friglii
issuing from all quarters of the house, and to the 0; t
stonished, affrighted, soldiers, appeared the vision °'el
which bounded in through the window, and rushos
raordinary heaviness and speed over the breasts of,"
rs. The soldiers quitted the building in terror. oft
y the solicitation of the surgeon and-chef de battank
;:ompained them, they once more resumed their rid
afters. "We saw,'' says the narrator, " that that,
ride awake we watched the arrival of the. hour of ii,s
ig panic, and midnight had scarcely struck when 5i9
soldiers for the second time started to their feet. Ag, ri
d heard the supernatural voices; again the visioleTos
ad bestrode them to suffocation. The chef de battagre,
self heard or saw nothing of these events." i'ol,
en, is a curious fact, and it is, perhaps, more NO' 0'
tion as it seems to point out the special operatil ai
causes in the production of the monomania, ao„hof.x.
Aiwa of the delusion towards the organs, namely, ii'-joiv
ration, 'which had chiefly suffered in the pro, icb
'tan in the suffocating atmosphere of the den in ,
a. The last example I shall give you gentieme%t I
a my own person (a laugh), and yet I believe 4`,,it'
mad, at least I was not so at the time when the :of
.ce happened (increased laughter). I was but a :or
ian, when one day I made my first visit to a disseCn ;ti
at of I a Pitie, and there I saw the body of a chw`ood
Lnced state of putrefaction, all covered with laryce_of
I returned home, and not caring much about the, woe
tto bed, and slept soundly. But when I arose I.U.deo
;, and was crossing the room to open my window, .1,,,,:0
aishment to see started ou my table the very bod ofyf
yat La Pitie. I, rubbed my eyes, shook, ad
n vain; there it was, blue, and green, and putrid, tell
reepiug worms. Never was anything more dis i G:ea
vertheiess the delusion soon vanished, and I recoev*p
in (a laugh), which I am glad to say has sinLrort
-bed by any such visionary spectres.—if• iv"'
in the Lancet.