The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-07-25 00:00:00

LATEST FOREIGN AND COLONIAL.

LATER FROM THE WEST INDIES.
Since our first form went to press, giving the intelligence
brought by the West Indian steamer, which arrived at
Southampton on SundaY, we have received the following
additional news :

The brig Greenock, of Glasgow, was lost at St. Domingo,
on the 4th June, loading mahogany for Liverpool ; part
of her crew came home passengers per Forth.
The Forth observed a fleet of men of war, consisting of
five brigs, one frigate, and four lire of battle ships, stand-
ing in for the land-near the Dodmans, on the morning of
the 18th. The weather being hazy, they were soon lost
sight of.
Intelligence from Port-au-Prince states that horrible
massacres continue to be perpetrated, but at Martinique
comparative tranquility prevailed.
The Royal Mail Company's steamer Lee was wrecked
on a reef sixty miles north of Belize, on the 10th of
June; crew saved.
Bermuda was in an unsettled state, in consequence of a
report being current, when the packet left, that an attempt
would be made by a large party of Irish from New York
to rescue the convict Mitchel. A ship had arrived thither
from Halifax with the intelligence that a large body of
his countrymen were making preparations for this pur-
pose. The government at Bermuda were, notwithstanding
the improbability of such a course of proceeding, adopting
precautionary measures to resist any attempt that may
be made.

All the colonies were healthy. and rain had fallen in
great abundance in most of the West India Islands. A
slight shock of an earthquake had been felt in the island of
St. Thomas, but no damage whatever had been done either
to life or property.
. _ _

It was reported that the slave population at Cuba had
evinced symptoms of an outbreak, but the government
were fully prepared for any emergency.

The damage done to public and private property, by
the late events in Paris, has been estimated at 10,000,000
francs, or about £400,000 sterling.
A curious case of injury is recorded in connexion with
the recent outbreak in Paris. It is related of one indivi-
dual that a ball went in at one cheek and out through the
other, 'but, as his mouth happened to be open, it touched
neither his jaws nor his teeth.

In St. fetersburgh, on the 7tll of July, there were
3,571 persons ill of the cholera, to these 1,071 were added
during the day—of these 222 recovered, 576 died; on the
Bth there were 3,790 sick, 853 were attacked during the
day-574 died, 172 recovered. On the 9th there were
3;817 patients in the hospitals.
Cape of Good Hope papers to the 18th of May state
that the Boers beyond the Orange river had made com-
munications to the government which would lead to the
'inference that they were prepared to abide by the regula-
tions of the government considering them as calculated to
'insure peace and tranquillity on the frontier.
The Port Philip papers of the 14th of March report
favourably respecting the improving prospects of that
settlement. Trade was better. Wheat by the latest
quotations was worth 4s. OA. to 4s. 9d. per bushel, and
flour 12s. per 1001 b,
Papers from Sydney contain a report of the opening of
the Legislative Council by commission on the 21st of
March, when the address of the Governor was read by the
Colonial Secretary. This address congratulates the
colony on its continued progress ; the exports in 1847 of
the two leading staples, wool and tallow, having largely
exceeded those of the previous year, the wool by
5,700,000, the tallow by 49,000.
The Madrid Gazette announces that the Commander
of the Carbineers had defeated, in the valley of Erro, the
united bands of Ilzarbe-and Zubiri, with the loss of nine
killed and thirty wounded. Another encounter had taken
place between Brigadier Eguiluz and the faction of Itur-
mendi, in the valley of Ega, in which seventeen of the
latter were killed and many made prisoners.
The Paris papers ofSaturday contain the following tele-
graph despatch, received on Friday:—" The Austrians
entered Ferrara on the 14th of July, to the number of
5000. They occupied the principal posts of the town, and
levied a war contribution on the inhabitants. The Pope
protested against the occupation, and the Chamber of De-
puties unanimously voted the project of a league of all the
States of Italy against Austria."

BURN'S COMMERCIAL GLANCE.-STATISTICS
OF THE COTTON TRADE.

By the able Glance of Mr. Burn, of Manchester, just
published, re are furnished with an accurate view of the
progress of the cotton manufacture for the past six months ;
and we are happy to observe that, to a certain extent, it
has been more satisfactory than could have been expected.
The trade has not reached its full extent in more pros-
perous years. We are not working to the full extent of
which our machinery is capable; but we find that the
average weekly consumption of cotton during the first six
months of 1848 has reached 24,864 bags, which is au in-
crease over the consumption of the first six months of
1847 ; and we have an increase also of our stock of raw
material, which was, on the'3oth June, 832,634 bales, or
33/ weeks' consumption, against 491,393, with which we
commenced the year.

There has been a falling off, as we have anticipated, in
our exports of the leading articles of manufacture. In
cotton yarn the decrease is from 51,462,499 lbs. in 1847,
to 46,774,813 in the past six months. The countries whose
consumption of this article has failed us are the Hansa
towns, India, and China. To Turkey and the Levant and
to Russia there has been a considerable increase. Our
exports of plain calicoes have declined from 277,523.135
yards in the six mbnths of 1847, to 252,855,724 yards in,
1848. The principal countries whose consumption has
fallen off are the Brazils, from 38,106,889 yards in 1847, to
21,093,350 yards in 1848 ; Chili and Peru, from 15,569,225
yards in 1847, to 9,474,806 yards in 1848 ; India, from
73,799,313 yards in 1847, to 60,644,965 in 1848 ; China,
from 37,000,741 yards in 1847, to 23,195,725 yards in
1848 ; and the United States of America, from 22,130,635
yards in 1847, to 9;950,156 yards in 1848. To several
markets there has been an inesease. Malta and the
lonian Isles have taken 3,889,648 yardS against 1,157,602
yards last year; Portugal, Madeira, &c., 19,725,605 yards
against 5,125,839 yards last year; Gibraltar, 8,161,650
yards against 2,859;941 yards last year • and Turkey and
the Levant, 30,496,766 yards against 25:097,479 yards last
year. Contrary to all expectation and report there is an
increase also to the Hanse Towns, Hanover, Holland,'
Naples and Sicily, Sweden and Norway, Sardinia, Tus-
cany, &c., and Trieste and Austrian ports, in which it was
concluded that our trade would be interrupted by their
disturbed state.

Our exports of printed and dyed goods shew a decease
.on the half year of 13,444.594 yards, the quantity being
136,850,593 yards, against 150,295,187 yards last year. In
this article we find the country whose falling off is most
considerable to be the Brazils—that favoured producer of
slave-grown sugar—which has taken from us only
14,969,683 yards this half year against 30.050,606 yards in
the first six months of 1847. There is a decrease also to
India, British North America, Chili and Peru, Foreign
West Indies, Naples and Sicily, Sardinia and Tuscany,
and United States of America, and an increase to Turkey
and the Levant, Portugal, Madeira, &c., Gibraltar,
Columbia, and a few other
smaller markets. In this
article, also, we find no decline in the exports to German
and Baltic markets. To Mexico we have a very consi-
derable revival both in the consumption of plain and
dyed calicoes.
Of the less considerable articles of the cotton manufac-
ture there is a small increase in most. The exports of
hosiery, however, have declined from 199,655 dozen, last
year, to 136,547 dozen this year ; and of lace, from
40,366,520 yards last year to 26,510,647 yards this year,
which accounts for the distress prevailing in the districts
in which these branches of manufacture are carried on.

ORDINATION BY THE BISHOP OF CHESTER,

,On Sunday week, the Lord Bishop of Chester held his
first ordination in the chapel of Christ's College, Cam-
bridge, when.the following gentlemen were admitted into
hely orders :

Deacons.
John Stubbs Bushby, B.A. 1 Brazennose College,
Thos, 3.llolineux Jackson, B.A. I Oxford.
Richd. Chas Faulkner, B.A. 1 Trinity
College, Dublin.
Wm, Postlethwaite Rigg, B.A. I
John Judge
St. Bees Cumberland.
Jonathan Reeves f '
Wm. Robt. Lawrence, 8.A., University College, Durham.
Henry Slater, 8.A., Catherine Hall. Cambridge.
Stephen Bruin Sutton, B.A. of the University,
Fredk. Edgell Williams, M.A.. London.
Gilbert Fras, Snowball, M.A., St. John's Col., Cambridge.
Thos. Gurney, 8.A., Emmanuel College, Cambridge.
John Travers Lewis, Trinity College, Dublin, ll
letter dim. Bp. Clogher.
Blain Mandall, 8.A., Trinity College, Cambridge,
letter dim. Bp. Lichfield. f

- -
Priests.
Michael James Anderson, 8.A.1
Chas. Barton, B.A.
Wm. Alfred. Hamilton, B.A.
Richard Lawrence, B.A. Trinity College,Dublin
Wm. White Labarte, B,A.
Patrick Malone, M.A.
Thos. Whaley, M.A.
Richd, Cotton Walker, M.A.
Geo. John Banner, M.A,' Brazlennhorisscon., Cambridge
set,College,Oxford.
Havgarth Tayler Baines, B.A. c
Thomas Croft, B.A.
Wm. Carr, B.A. Catherine Hall, Cambridge.
Saml. Thos. Clarke, B.A.
John Spode Gibson, B.A. St. John's Col., Cambridge.
Stamford Harris, 8.A., St. Edmund's Hall, Oxford.
Charles Frederick Kingdon, University College, Durham.
Mathew Cordeux Shadgett, 8.A., Trin. Col., Cambridge.
Wm. Cornwallis Evans I St. Bees, Cumberland.
Henry Cleare
The Bishop preached an admirable discourse upon this
interesting occasion.

RACE BETWEEN A YACHT AND A SHT.P.-Our readers
are aware that a match was recently made, for £250 a-
side, to run Mr. Naylor's yacht, Sultana, against Mr.
Ripley's iron barque Panic,. The race was to be from
the light-ship—round Ireland—to the starting point. The
yacht has won the match, having arrived in.the Mersey on
Friday morning at 430 a.m. The following is from the
Sultana's log —From 1 15 p.m. Saturday to noon Sun-
day, 125 miles •, fine and calm—noon Sunday to noon
Monday, 106 miles ; fine and calm—noon Monday to noon
Tuesday, 107 miles ' • fine and calm—noon on Tuesday to
noon Wednesday, 222 miles; blowing very fresh W.S.W.
—noon Wednesday to noon Thursday, 209 miles ; blow-
ing very fresh and heavy sea—noon Thursday to reaching
light-ship, at 220 a.m. Friday morning, 127 miles;
blowing a heavy gale from N.N.W., and heavy sea. Total
distance, 896 miles. Distance run (20th July), from Bel-
fart Lough, northern point, to N.W. lightship, 127 miles,
in 12 hours 46 minutes. The barque Panic did not get
sound Cape Clear in time to cat l? thf.2 favouring gale, and
consequently has not arrived yet.

THE WATER QUESTION.-LETTER 111.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

SlR,—Since my last letter was written, I have been
reminded of a point of some importance, and which natu-
rally strikes one as having something mysterious about it.
We are frequently told that we should hive made our ob-
jections to the Rivington scheme at the proper time ; that
is, before the committee of the House of Commons. It
is contended that no bill ever encountered a more severe
opposition, and that surely all its weak points must have
been well sifted. I will attempt an explanation of this.
When the bill was before parliament, the Water Works
Companies went up prepared to make a strong fight for
the local supply. While there, however, the Corporation
found they could make no progress till they had agreed to
purchase the interest of both companies, and this was
consequently arranged. The parties, therefore, who had
gone to London expresskfor this purpose were silenced,
and the opposition was then chiefly that of mill-owners,
canal companies, and parties interested in rival schemes.
Consequently, the local supply question was almost, if not
wholly, without an advocate.
But let us not look back : we wish to make no accusa-
tions. If we, as ratepayers, have neglected our interest,
we must suffer; but this should not close our eyes to the
future, now that they have been in some measure opened.
And now, again, the cry is raised—" indifference to the
wants of the poor"—" neglect of the health of the town."
many of those who are now asking for more time to test
the local supply, (for this is all we ask,) need not fear to
stand before their townsmen on this question too. We
do seek the health; welfare, and happiness of the poor,
knowing that our own comfort is inseparably connected
with theirs—and it rejoices me to read the following para-
graph in the papers of last week :
" HEALTH OF THE TowN.—We are glad to learn, from
areport presented to the health committee, by Dr-Dun-
can, that the health of ;le town is at present in a very
satisfactory state. During the quarter ending lit July,
about 2000 deaths were registered in the parish of Liver-
pool, being 900 less than during the previous quarter,
and 2800 less than during the previous quarter of last
year. Since the beginning of May, the mortality has
been below the average of the season. It is particularly
gratifying to know that fever, which committed such tre-
mendous ravages amongst us last year, is less preva.
lent than it has usually been even in ordinary years.
During the month of June, only 26 deaths took place
from fever, while in June, 1847, there were not less than
769. The different fever-sheds and the wards in the
Workhouse which were temporarily devoted to fever pa-
tients, were closed some time ago, the old fever hospital
(built forty years since) affording sufficient accommoda-
tion for the cases now requiring it."
But let me ask, has the Rivington water effected this ?
or has even a better supply from the local wells done it
for it is only quite lately that any change has been made
in the quantity. No : under. God's blessing, it is to a
great extent due to the efforts of our Corporation, in an-
other department of which several of the Water Com-
mittee are actively engaged ; and we thank them most
sincerely for the labour they bestow upon it.
Would you ask where we are to see the workings of the
efforts here alluded to ? I answer, inquire into the duties
of Mr. Newlands, Dr. Duncan, Mr. Fresh, and others.
Though perhaps much remains to be done, you will there
see enough to account for our more healthy condition.
Proper sewers and drainage are the 'foundation of all
sanatory operations. These are being carefully attended
to, and the course laid down by Mr. Newlands is the cor-
rect one, viz., to take a comprehensive view of the posi-
tion of the whole town, and proceed with such parts as
are most required and as the funds can be spared.
Cleansing the courts and driving the people from the cellars
is the next step, and thishasbeen and is in effectual progress.
General cleanliness, ventilation, and other essentials to
health are being urged upon the people. All this and
much more is in operation, and the practical results may
be seen in the report of Dr. Duncan, above quoted.
The habitation of the poor man, to be healthy, should
be above ground, clean, well ventilated, and dry. About
6 gallons of water per head per diem, will keep everything
clean and wholesome, and provide for all wants,—more
would be useless or worse than useless.

While, however, all these measures are producing so
many good results, the utmost economy is essential. The
high rates that now burden the town counteract much
that sanatory measures tend to alleviate ; the latter ope-
rate gradually to thin the population and to force it from
the dense and less healthy districts to those that are more
elevated, while the former occupants of these parts in their
turn retire to the out-townships. But it is now too evi-
dent that the existing pressure is greatly counteracting
this beneficial tendency by causing the masses to close in
again upon the heart of the town. This is one of the argu-
ments on which we urge the propriety of further inquiry
before a fresh and uncertain outlay is commenced.

Discussions have arisen as to who should have charge of
the water pipes within the borough. I should not have
thought that this subject could have caused a moment's he-
sitation. As a matter of course the corporation engineer
must have the sole control,—no other system can work
long without serious injury to the public interests.
Before leaving the subject I propose, as briefly as possi-
ble, to enumerate some of those points which may be
styled -" fallacies." •They are of two classes. viz., those
which arise from an ignorance of the true bearings of the
case, and those which arise either from giving undue im-
portance to trifles, or from drawing wrong inferences from
facts in themselves true. Not however desiring to judge
of motives, I will leave the public to draw their own con-
clusiOns.

I.—ln these discussions, it is a common fallacy, in at-
tempts to show that the local supply must be very expen-
sive, to make calculations like the following, viz.:—lf to
pump 3,000,000 gals. costs £5,600 per annum, 16,000,000
will cost £26,666; and, if one well, with its engine, costs
£50,000, and only yields 1,500,000 gallons, wells for
16,000,000 will cost £533,000—a larger sum than the
Rivington scheme. There are three great fallacies here.
Instead of 16,000,000 of fresh water, we may not, for many
years, require more than 6,000,000, which our present
wells will supply, with a trifling expenditure. Next : a
well with its appendages need not cost £50,000; for in-
stance,—Windsor Station cost about £27,000. And lastly,
the expense of pumping by no means increases in propor-
tion to the quantity of water raised. In some cases, the
only additional expense will be in coals. •
2.—lt is a fallacy to suppose that we go into the extreme
of asserting that the local supply can last for ever. We
merely say that it will probably last for many years ; and,
when more is wanted, that the additional quantity may be
obtained, at a trifling expense, compared with the present
contemplated outlay. And we say, also, that great re-
liance, founded on past experience, may he placed on the
wells, while there is considerable uncertainty as to the
Rivington water.
3.—The failure of Berry-street well is no argument
against the local supply—it was not very deep, and the
machinery was in bad condition, so that there was no effort
made to preserve it. Owing to the large number of wells
there can be no doubt that the level of the water under the
town becomes lower ; this operation is, however,
very slow, and is easily followed up at a trifling expense.
We are aware that any benefit from surface water in the
town is almost wholly lost ; but we have no evidence to
show that the supply derived from the deep springs which
are tapped by boring is at all diminished, or has an injurious
effect on private wells ; from this source, there are well-
grounded expectations that large additions may be made to
the supply, at a light expense.
4.—lt is a decided fallacy to expect profitable increase
in the water rents by carrying the pipes beyond the
borough—an argument often urged to reconcile us to pay.
ing for so much more water than we are likely to use. The
cost of the pipes is not provided for in the estimate, and it
will be a long time before they can be laid with any pros-
pect of returning 5 per cent. interest.
s.—lt is a great fallacy to suppose that the water rents
will be much increased because of the Rivington water
being brought here; with either supply the demand will
probably gradually extend. A few additional tenants
amongst the manufacturers may be induced to take the
Rivington water at a very low rate, but it must be recol-
lected that, if a reduction is made to some, it must to ail
those who are at present paying a much higher rate : and
thus not increase the gross receipts.
6. I-believe T am quite safe in styling as fallacies those
attempts which are made to depreciate our local wells. I
have reason to believe that, except that the general level
of the water is lower, (owing perhaps to the loss of sur-
face water,) the quantity is as abundant as ever, and the
quality is equal to what it ever was. I believe also there
is no doubt of our being able to increase the quantity,
when required, to a very great extent.
7.—1 should have devoted a few lines to refute Mr.
Spencer's table of experiments, showing the supposed
quantity of salt in the town wells, had not Mr. Spencer
himself (though rather tardily, 1 confess) shown the in-
correctness of the published statement of his experiments.
S.—Both the friends and foes of the local supply con-
stantly persevere in the error of supposing that we ever
intend to use salt water for fires, and on this mistake,
sometimes I fear intentionally made, is raised a great ob-
jection to the salt water scheme. We do not propose to
use salt water for fires—we contemplate that the fresh
water mains will always be full, and therefore ready for
fires at all times. The quantity required is but a trifle
compared with the other demands, and would not be felt.
Salt water for watering streets, flushing sewers, washing
courts, and for public baths, is all we ever contend for ;
and, for these purposes, salt water is very superior to fresh.
9.—lt would be a fallacy to attempt to leave the deci-
sion of this question to either one or three persons, as has
been proposed ; we have within ourselves the safest test—
leave it to the practical men who are now in the employ-
ment of the corporation, only give them time and the
question will be fairly tried. They should not, however,
have the fear of the displeasure of the Water Committee
before their eyes, but be allowed to feel that it is no longer
a party question.
10.—It would perhaps be unkind to clear away the very
pleasing fallacy in which some persons indulge, in con-
templating the amount of work which is in store for the
poor when the Rivington works are in progress. The
people out beyond Chorley have certainly a very keen
sense of the benefits to be thus derived to themselves,
as I found on a recent visit to that locality, but what
good it will do to our own poor I am at a loss to see;
but if the local supply is maintained, they will have
chance of keeping in their own hands what little is to be
done.
11.—It is a very great fallacy to suppose that our local
supply is in the least injured by drainage from sewers and
cess-pools ; the perfect freedom from all organic matter,
of the well water, is our best proof ; and here we have an
unquestionable advantage over the Rivington water.
Having now, Mr. Editor, sufficiently taxed your kind-
ness, and the patience of your readers, I will close my
poor remarks by again recommending a calm and good
tempered consideration of this important though tiresome
subject—let there be no calling names, especially in the
council—no bitterness—no p_rty spirit—no concealment
of important facts and undue magnifying of trifles. We
all hate the good of the town at heart, and let us adopt
the best means of ascertaining it.
JOHN GRANTITANI.