The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1850-12-10 00:00:00

THR.LIVERPOOL.A-CADEMY..

rice-birds and canaries and other diminutive birds, in con-
siderable numbers, and? we must confess that altogether
the effect was admirable: Mi.: Mebbi,. in-his lecture on
agriculture given to the Society of Artsrsays v--
" But T am bound to give reasons formy dissatisfaction
with our present agriculture. Here they are :--The first
and most direct evidence- of the- low• scale of farming is
the gross acreable produce of the united kingdom. I have
good reason to believe dint the very largest estimate per
acre, taking into account the poor grass andarable lands,
and leaving out market and 'other gardens, does not reach
El per acre. A reference to ' Spackmanre-Occupations
of the P ople,' to the agricultural reports of parliamentary
committees, and other statistical works•, will show that
the rental of the united kingdoth (excluding towns) will
certainly not reach 15s. per acre. Taking,therefore, as a
gross return five rents, (formwould be nearer the truth,)
it is clear that £3 15s. worth of produce per acre is•far too
lraeral an estimate ; £3 MS. from one whole acre of /and
in the nineteenth century ! r!. What each acre might
produce by the application• of more, drainage, more ma-
nure, more labour, and deeper cultivation, more live
stock, and better buildings, may be inferred by facts con-
stantly obtruding themselves on our notice. As extreme

The Exhibition of the Liverpool Academy dosed oss
Saturday last, but re-opened yesterdayb at reduced prices,
so as to allow the operative classes an opportunity of see-
ing one of the frnest collections of pictures which has ever
been in Liverpool:, The sea,on has been a most success-
ful one—a greater number of persons-having visited the
rooms, and a pleasing increase being visible in the num-
bers, and the amount of pictures sold.. This is highly
honouarble to cur Liverpool courmiseurs, who have had
the good taste to choose from among the many good
things some fine works by London, our local artist. We
are glad to see such taste extending, and feel assured that;
our " merchant princes" could not decorate their walls
with anything so good and truly ennobling as a good pic-
ture. It is rare to see so excellent an Exhibition out of
London; and considerable credit is due to Mr. Pidgeon,
the indefatigable secretary of the Academy, for his
exertions in securing so many valuable works of art. Mr.
Pidgeon gives up his time and talents gratuitously to for-
ward the cause of art.. We feel pleased to be able to state
that the sales this year amount to nearly two thousand

pounds : yet, severa' I important wor

cases, we may instance the production of 801 ons of man-
gold wurzel per acre, sold at £1 per ton ;• of large produc-
tions of vegetables, wortlmst-least £lOO to 2150 per acre
of 6 to 9 quarters of wheat-per acre, worth, at only 40s.
per quarter, from £l4 to- £lB •per acre. Eien this year
some of my own potato land have yielded £l5 per acre,
at the low price of is. per bushel ; and the average of my
80 acres of wheat will not be less (straw and chaff in-
cluded) than £lO per acre, on a very m'serable soil."
He also states :

we have no doubt

still select a goc

4d, but

-Union will
on

Thursday las
There were 842 subscribers, all of which received a print
and a season ticket for the Exhibition.. The 101 l
a list of the prize-holders. To those of ou
have not visited the Exhibition v
visit, as the time is short

number. '
r._ Theodor

were dr

" I have been forcibly struck with the•prejudices and
inconsistencies of agriculture. The railway hedges are
neatly trimmed and annually cultivated; like a crop of
turnips. If it is profitable so to do, they are thus ren-
dered effective as well as neat. The farm hedges, diverg-
ing at right angles from these, have never caught the
pleasant infection. They•.still exhibit their huge, irregu-
lar, and ungainly proportions; shading and robbing the
land, for the mere purpose of growing bushes to stop the
gaps caused by their untrimmed and neglected condition.
Farmers dig their gardens 2 feet deer►, but only plough
their land 5 inches. They take especial'c.are of their nag
horse in a good warm stable, but expose their farm horses
and cattle to all weathers. They deny the utility of
drainage in strong tenacious clays, but dare not dig an
underground cellar in such soils because the water would
get in. They waste their liquid manure, but buy guano
from Peru to repair their loss. have known practi-
cal men seriously doubt the benefit of liquid manure, who
are in ecstacies with the urine of the sheep-fold."

£5O H. Perkin,
0640 D. M'Lart

f H. Bell, 10,North John-st
IN. Joynson, 6, High Park-

reco in me

.el5-i J. 8.-Yates, West Dingle.
L.T. Anderson, Bold-street.
(-James Eckersley, Islington,
I 11. Horst,'ll,.Bank Buildings..
,4 Miss Roberts, Elizabeth-street..
C. Botterill, North John-street.
4" Joseph Russell, 46, Mount-pleasant.
J. S. Clayton, Upper Parliament-str
Miss Clare, Ash House.
. _

ANSWERS 7.0• C• 0 LR-RS P 0 NDE NT S.
J. Stewart.—Mildew is very common on the Chrysanthe-
mum; it is caused by damp, and imperfect ventilation.
A sprinkling of finely-powdered sulphur and a thorough
ventilation, with fire heat on fine days, are the only
remedies.

'LG. Waterall, Pri race's-terrace

J. P.—The curious vegetable manufacture called rice-
paper is still an open question•. The most recent infor-
mation was published with a coloured plate in Hooker's
"Journal of Botany" for the present year.

CORRESPONDENCE.
4
DR. M'NEILE ON ROMANISM.

"Honour to whom honour is due."

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.
SIR,—In a letter addressed to Lord John Russell, in
1846, by one of whom we have reason to boast as our
townsman, the followinz striking words occur :
" Looking at the operation of second causes, and speaking
after the manner of men,,the most feasible hope now left to us,
and it is rather forlorn, seems to be that Rome, with all her
wisdom and all her skill, may miscalculate, and attempt coer-
cion before she has fat power to secure final success. One
inquisition squeeze would go further to rouse the nation from
its present apathy upon the subject, than ten thousand elo-
quent lectures on canons and decretals, which are supposed to
be dead and buried. But the squeeze must he at home. In
Tahiti or Madeira, or even in Ireland, it will not produce the
desired effect."

THE BIRKENHE&D RIOTS
REPORTS.

FICIAL

At the Council meeting on Wednesday reports were
read from Mr. Dowling and Mr. Superintendent Ride on
the subject of the late shameful riots at Birkenhead. It
will be seen from these official and impartial documents
how infamously false is the assertion 'so obstinately per-
sisted in by the Romish party, that the police were the

aggressors :--

" Central Poliee-office, November 29, 1850.
" SIR,—I have the.honour to report to your Worship, that
on the 26th instant the Deputy-chairman of the Watch Com-
mittee of Birkenhead, accompanied by the superintendent of
police, Mr. M'llarg, called upon me to require the assistance
of the police force off Liverpool on the morrow (the 27th), as
the magistntesanticipated a breach of the peace on the occa-
sion of a meeting which had been convened to he hoiden at the
Town-hall, on the 27th, at one o'clock, p.m. I told these gen-
tlemen that the proper course would be for the magistrates of
Birkenhead to address a requisition to your Worship, who, I
had no doubt, would attend to it. Such requisition was for-
warded to your Worship, through me, by Mr. Townsend, clerk
to the magistrates, and your Woi ship authorised me to supply
the force required. I, therefore, despatched Mr. Superinten-
dent Ride, with two sergeants and thirty men, by the quarter-
past eleven boat, with orders to report himself to the superin-
tendent of the Birkenhead police, and to place himself under
his commands. On the arrival of Mr. Ride's party at Birken-
head, they were marched into the Town-hall; subsequently, it
appears, Mr. Ride, with one selection (fifteen men) was directed
to clear the mob which had collected in front of the hall, pre-
venting the ingress of persons to the meeting. This was done
with some difficulty, and when the door was opened, the mob,
consisting of about three thousand persons of the lower orders,
made a rush rt the narrow entrance to theTown•ball, and filled
the passage almost to suffocation. Arrangements had been.
made for the admission of none but ratepayers, and the Bir-
kenhead police were stationed at the ends of the passage, to
carry these arrangements into effect. Unfortunately, an entire
section of the Liverpool police had been plaeed in a small
apartment leading from the pasage, whereby they were pre-
vented joining their comrades outside at the period 'of the
attack upon the Town-hall, four or five only having been able
to make their way out; and this small body of police, I.have
every reason to believe, sustained the shock, one of the most
furious attacks eN er witnessed, and repelled it with unflinching
resistance, until every individual of them was more or less
injured. •

Literally, indeed, this prophetic anticipation has not yet
been realised ; but in its spirit it has been most happily ;
and it is surely no more than becoming that all who have
hitherto been backward in the work, but are now ready
to join the anti-papal movement, should make suitable
acknowledgments to those who have seen more clearly
and been wiser than themselves. He, whose words have
just been quoted, has beyond all others been unceasing
and unflinching in warning us what might come, and not-
quarter of an hour atter the attack had been made ; and, hay-
withstanding the disregard and discountenance with which ing received the directions of your Worship, I went to Birken-
his admirable efforts have been received in many quarters, head, leaving direction to Mr. Superintendent Quick to muster
has fearlessly persevered in exposing the true principles as many men as could be obtained at a•short notice, and follow
and designs of the church of Rome. Let all then render me. On my arrival. I found, a considerable mob about the
a fitting tribute of respect where it is so justly due ; and UttothsiAxl r.
inro w earnTima 'es party,pa,y lofd dispersed.
let let those, who are beginning now for the first time
.to stir All
being .
having iirrilved, I l'left Birkenhead,i
bringing with me all the
themselves, not forget that perhaps the present agiqition Liverpool force except fifty men, two sergeants, and an inapec-
might have been altogether unnecessary, had the voice of t^ 'be request of the magistrates.

the faithful watchman been listened to.
We must hope that his words have not to be more ri-
gidly fulfilled, that the present slight miscalculation Rome
seems to have made may prove sufficient, and that the
"inquisition squeeze" may not still be required thoroughly
to" --.t,

awaken us out of our .nargy.
It is almost needless to add that the letter above alluded
to was from the pen of Dr. M`Neile.—l am, sir, &c..

In consequence of

quarter-past twelve, I despa
son with fifty more nrm, wh

JUSTUS

December 6th,

THE UNCHANGED CHURCH

TO THE EDITORS OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD,

Stu(—In an old Church history I find the following.

guinary deeds of Papists, but the narration is especially
instructive as to the purposes to which pardons and in-

dulgences were made subservient. As ROmanists of our
times are excessively tenacious on the point of the scrip.
tural application of pardons by their priests, and as they

note rreceived from Mr. Ride, about a
At died Mr. Superintendent Tower-
arrived at Birkenhead about a

. .
furtheiMore stoutly contend that the present practice is
identical with the original intention and practice of this
privilege, what follows may be instructive to credulous
Protestants.

THE BURNING OF ONE PEKE AT IPSWICFI

when the remainder
nd I received the
rendered by

" In the burning of another Suffolk man, named N.
Peke, dwelling sometime at Carle Stonham, and burnt at
Ipswich, thus I finde it recorded and testified : That
when as hee being fast bound to a stake and furse set on
fire round about him, was so scorched, that bee was as

blacke as any soote, one Doctour Riding there standing
before him, with Doctour Heager, and Doctour Spring-
well, having a long white wand in his hand, did knocke
him upon the right shoulder, and sayd, Peke, recant, and
believe that the Sacrament of the altar is the verie Bodie
of Christ, flesh, bloud, and bone, after that the priest
bath spoken the words of consecration over it, and heere
have I in my hand to absolve thee for thy misbeliefe, that

bath beene in thee, having a scrole of paper in his hand.
When bee had spoken these woordes, Peke answered, and
sayd, I defie it and thee also, and with a great violence

or, who remained all night, at t_ _ _
I was again at Birkenhead this month__
of the force was marched to Liverpool,
thanks of the bench of magistrates for the ser
the Liverpool police.
I beg to subjoin the report of Mr. Superintendent Ride,
which details the circumstances that took place before my

his Veines brake in his bodie.for extreme

.niuish

when the sayde Pyke had so spoken, then Doctor Riding
sayde : To as many as shall cast a sticke to the burning
of this heretike, is granted forty daies of pardon by my
Lord Bishop of Norwich. Then Baron Curson, Sir
John Audley, Knight, with many others of estimation
being there present, did rise from their seates, and with
their swordes did cut downe boughs, and throw them into
the fire, and so did all the multitude of the people."

arrival at Birkenhead, and also a list of the officers and men
who were injured on the occasion. The men who were seri-
ously wounded are, I am happy to state, improving, though
slowly.—l have the honour to be, your obedient servant,
M. M. DOWLING.
To his Worship the Mayor of Liverpool.

ALIQUIS

-4.-
MR. SUDLOW ON CHURCH MUSIC

TO THE EDITOR OF THE

3 LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

SIR,—T attended Mr. Sudlow's first three lectures, and
was much dissatisfied with the tone of them. There was
a too confident assumption in much of what was said—
too much dictation to clergymen how they should con-
duct the services, and too severe a lecture to those who
permitted the use of hymns in their churches. Even the
use of the metrical Psalms of David was erroneous, in
his view. I wonder what Messrs. Brady and Tate, and
Sternhold and Hopkins, would have said, had they been
alive to hear his severe onslaught upon them. The great
offence that he set up was, that congregations were will-
ing to sing man's productions, while they refuzed to sing
God's productions—that is, chant the Psalms.
But my present purpose is to inform Mr. Sudlow that
he ought to apologise to several of the Liverpool clergy,
for his uncalled-for remarks on that beautiful hymn be-
ginning " Around the throne of God in heaven." I
decline to repeat what he said of the words and•the tune.
The words seem to me to be unobjectionable; and as to
the tune, he had better attend some church where the
hymn is sung before he attempts to illustrate the tune,
and he will find that his illustration sadly marred it. The
children of our Sunday school sang it lately (probably
the occasion he alluded to), and put to shame his exhibi-
tion of it. My own children occasionally sing it on a
Sunday evening, and if he heard them I think he would
regret his remarks, because he would perceive they were
ill founded. Nevertheless. I cannot deny that he carried
some of the audience with him, for I noticed that several
of them, including one or two clergymen, expressed satis-
faction at his remarks by their clapping, thereby making
a jest of things serious, and in a very unbecoming manner
bringing sacred things into ridicule.—Yours, &c.,
ANTI-TRACTARIAN.
Liverpool, Dec. 7, 1850.

Central Police-office. Noreinl
nt Ridc 1

29, 1850,

WHERE ARE THE BOOTLE POLJCE ?

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDART,

SIR,—It is a very common inquiry in Liverpool,
" where are the police ?" they being invariably out of the
way when most wanted. lam sorry to say that the cry
has extended to Bootle, and with too much cause ; and
without immediate steps be taken by the magistrates to
increase the force, or have it differently disposed of, this
winter will be one continual scene of disgraceful outrages.
There is scarcely a night that a burglary, or an attempt at
one, has not been committed. A short time ago, Mr.
Wren's house, Baliol-road, was broken into and robbed
of sundry articles, including plate. On Saturday week
Mr. Williams' house, immediately opposite the police-
station, Strand Promenade, was attempted. On applying
to the police for assistance, they were not at home, the
only policeman being in the arms of Morpheus, comfort-
ably in bed. On Saturday night, I hear, Mr. Theakstone,
jun.'s house (son of the magistrate), was attempted or sur-
rounded by some of these prowling scoundrels ; and last
night a house on the banks of the canal was entered by
four ruffians with masks. Really such work as this is a
disgrace to the neighbourhood ; and I believe these are
only a few of the cases which have taken place during the
last three or four weeks. I don't blame the police or the
superintendent, but there is something wrong. I believe
that the force is qaite inadequate to the duty they have to
perform, arising from the number of low, half-starved
men in the neighbourhood.—l am, sir, &c.,
AN INHABITANT.
Bootle, 9th Dec. )69

report. fur the information of
the Commissioner, that, agreeably with orders, he proceeded
to Birkenhead on Wednesday, the 27th instant, by the quarter-
past eleven o'clock, a.m., boat. with two gprrentitc and tht,4‘.

ponce-constanies. On his arrival there he reported himself to
Mr. Mq-larg, the superintendent, and marched the men into
the Town-hall. When there, Mr. M'Harg requested superin-
tendent to take half his men round to the other side of the
building. At this time there were between 400 and 500 per-
sons in front of the Town-hall, consisting of dock labourers
and navvies a and the centre

to be admitted, was completely blocked up by these persons.
Superintendent suggested to Mr. M‘Harg the desirability of
clearing the space in front of the hall, in order to afford access
to those persons who were about attending the meeting. Mr.
M`liarg acquiesced in the suggestion; and superintendent
proceeded with Sergeant Tomlinson and the police-constables
of the south division to the front . of the hall, and civilly re-
quested the persons standing opposite the centre door t• re-
move

They gave way at firit, Vat being called upon by the
men in the road to stand fast, they refused to retire, and re-

duty. They were eventually re;-.4ioved from the front of the
Town-hall, so as to afford ingress to parties who were going to
the meeting. After having cleared the space in front of the
Town-hall. superintendent kept a section of men on the spot
to prevent its being re-occupied. Superintendent at once per-
ceived that the body of police engaged there would be quite
insufficient to preserve order. Suggested to the magistrates
the desirability of making application for a hundred more
men; and at a quarter to twelve o'clock a.m. he despatched
Mr. George Palmer, special high-constable, with a requisition
tot'

lat (fleet, addressed to the Commissioner. In We mean-
time, the party which had been removed from the front of the
Town-hall went to the docks to increase their numbers and

turned, shouting and biAdisbing sticks, b'llidgeons, iron-
railings, and hurling defiance at the police. At this time there
could not have been less than 3000 persons. About five minutes
after their return Mr. Brown, Roman Catholic priest, accom-
panied by another priest, Mr. Bretherton, and others, appeared,
and Mr. Brown addressed the assemblage from the low wall in
front of the Town-hall, calling upon those carrying bludgeons
to deliver them up. A number of these were collected and
placed down by the wall; but, with the exception of a few which
superintendent directed police-constable 379, Thomas, to take
into the building, they were taken away by some of the crowd.
The door was at this time open, for the admission of persons
to the meeting, and Mr. Brown, together with the other priest,
Mr. Bretherton, and Mr. Aspinall entered the ball, and a great
rush was then made by the mob to gain admission; but as
arrangements had been made for the admission of none but
ratepayers to the meeting, their entrance into the hall was
resisted by the Birkenhead police. who were stationed at the
door, and found it absolutely necessary, in the discharge of
their duty, to use force. This being observed by the mob out-
side, a cry was raised, and stones and brick ends were thrown
at the police. The crowd immediately left the door, and re-
tired amongst the general body. The superintendent, with
Sergeant Tomlinson and about twelve or fourteen police-con-
stables, who were in front of the hall, at once charged those
who were throwing stones, and, to a certain extent, dispersed
them ; but, from their great numbers, they immediately ral-
lied, and the stones and brick-bats fell as thick as hail. Su-
perintendent called upon those officers who were inside to come
out ; but through the confusion which prevailed at the time,
and the passage to the hall being choked up by the dense crowd,
not more than four or five could get out. Superintendent,
seeing at once the utter uselessness of remaining to be stoned,
retreated with his men, who were all more or less injured,
into the Town -ball, the passage into which had by this time
been cleared by the police.
_ _ _

At one o'clock, p.m. Mr. Divisional Superintendent Tower-
son arrived With a party of fifty men. At half-past one o'clock,
n.m., the Commissioner arrived, and took command of the
police present. At a later period of the day, Mr. Divisional
Superintendent Quick arrived with 130 officers and men, and
took up a position in front of the Town-hall. At half-past two
o'clock, superintendent was despatched by Mr. Curry, borough
coroner, to the commanding officer of the troops in Liverpool,
for a detachment of military. Superintendent returned to Bir
kenhead at five o'clock, p.m., with a company of the 52d flea:
went under thecommand of Captain Stewart, and left:at six p.m.,
all then being quiet. Superintendent has omitted to mention
in the proper place, that, as the police were passing into the
Town-hall, their number was counted by the persons who had
collected there, and some of them were heard to say, " They'll
be nothing in our hands."

List of 'officers and police-constables who have been more or
less injured :—Police-constables 496 Crimley and 571 Kelly,
dangerously, Superintendent Ride, Sergeant Tomlinson, Po-
lice-constables 167 Slee, 598 Shoemack, 152 Rowlands, 160
Greenhank, 164 Wilson, 712 Dakin, 379 Thomas, 350 Cre, 57
Patterson, 4 Letray, 207 111`Lean, 353 Gilchrist, 311 Hartley,
104 Cousins, 78 Bowes, 378 Price, and 259 Crowthers, cut and
bruised more or less, but not dangerous.
To the Commissioner of Police. _

The MAYOR then said,v that since those proceedings
were recorded, he had received two documents which
might very properly be read at this time. The one was a
further report, from the chief constable, upon the subject
of the late disturbance at Birkenhead, and the other was
a letter from Sir Edward Cust, on behalf of the magis-
trates, thanking the authorities of Liverpool for the as-
sistance afforded by the Liverpool police at the late dis-
turbance.

The TOWN-CLERK then read the documents. The first
contained the reports of Serjeant Tomlinson and Con-
stable Hartley upon the riot. Tomlinson said the re-
quest to the people to " move away" was made at least a
dozen times by the superintendent. The people, how-
ever, refused. He saw Inspector Birnie, of the Birken-
head police, strike some of the crowd, but not violently.
He saw no blow struck until Birnie used his stick.
Hartley said, in his statement, that the crowd repeatedly
refused to move, several persons crying out, " Stick up to
them" (the police). Inspector Birnie used his stick,
striking the people on the shoulders and the top of their
hats, but not violently. He was the first person who used
a stick.

The letter from Sir Edward Cnst said he had been re-
quested, on behalf of the magistrates, to return thanks
for the assistance afforded by the Liverpool police, on
Wednesday last, and to state their high approval of the
conduct of the officers and men, and their deep regret
that so many of them should have suffetol is .their
zealous efforts to preserve the ra*. ; -

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