The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-01-20 00:00:00

DERBY

Average age
of deceased.

10 Professional persons or gentry and their fa-
milies

49 years

125 Persons in trade, or similarly circumstanced,
and their families
752 Labourers, artisans, and others similarly cir-
cumstanced 2l The above figures indicate the chances of life amongst„ the
manufacturing population of districts which are not placed
under very unfavourable circumstances as regards health ;
yet the effects of crowding, filthiness, improvidence, intem-
perance, &c., are evident, and may be distinctly shewn by
cotnparing the average length of lite in the more crowded
manufacturing towns with a less crowded country district,
where the dwelling of the poor man is better ventilated and
more comfortable, and where cleanliness and temperance are
not more the exception than the rule. Compare, for in-
stance, the town of Manchester with the county of Rutland :
Average age at death.
In Manehr. In Rutlands.

38 „

Professional persons, gentry, and their
families
Tradesmen and their families 2O .. 41
Mechanics, labourers, and their fami-
lies
But now let us turn to our own so-called " good old town",
and here it is truly startling to have to record the painful
fact, that Liverpool is the unhealthiest town in England, as
it will be seen by the following table :
LIVERPOOL, 1840.
No of Average age
deaths. at death.
137 Gentry, professional men, and families
1,738 Tradesmen anti families
5,598 Labourers, mechanics, ce.
Here, by comparison, it will be seen, that the life of the
wealthy cotton spinner of Manchester, lasts, on an average,
only thirty-eight years ; that of the Liverpool " merchant
prince" averages only thirty-five, whilst that of the Rutland
country gentleman is prolonged for more than half a century.
The Liverpool or Manchester trademan's life is about half as
long as that of the Rutland farmer, and the child of the poor-
est agricultural labourer, and under the most unfavourable
circumstances, may calculate on more than two such lives as
that to be expected by the children of the poor artisan of Li-
verpool.
Having now proved from documentary evidence these start-
ling statements, it will naturally be asked, how is it that all
this is allowed, and has been allowed, for so long? How is it
that the same public, which would " clamour against the de-
struction of a few uncivilized savages some three or four
thousand miles off," will remain a quiet and apathetic spec-
tator, whilst England is committing national suicide, by al-
allowing 80,000 of her children to die annually of diseases,
a large proportion of which is proved to be preventible ;
and it is not only by lessening the duration of life that these
noxious causes operate, but also by destroying the energies of
the labouring classes from frequent though not necessarily
fatal sicknesses. In Liverpool, as we are informed by Dr.
Duncan, one in twenty-five of the population is annually
attacked with fever alone. Now, this being the case, and
supposing the average duration of the illness to be only one
month, what a loss of productive labour is always " on the
shelf;" for whilst the poor man lies on his sick-bed, his
family must live; and when he recovers he finds, perhaps,
that his house has been stripped of its furniture to support
himself and children, aided perhaps by a scanty mite from
the parish.
In future articles I shall endeavour to point out to you the
causes of such a melancholy sacrifice of life, more especially
as referrible to Liverpool. Happily for the health of the
rising generation, our town council has wisely procured the
enactment of a measure well calculated to reduce the mor-
tality amongst us, but particularly amongst the denizens of
the cellars, courts, and alleys, which disgrace the town ; and
as the committee, I believe, will sit weekly, it will be the
bounden duty of any inhabitant who may be able to point out
to that committee anything which may require tlie inter-
ference of the authorities. But it is of little avail that others
help unless w e ourselves put our shoulders to the wheel;
therefore, it shall be my duty in future articles to point out
to you, my operative friends, how you may advantageously
help yourselves ; for although you cannot, as it has been
aptly said, add a cubit to your height, or a day to your life,
vet you may take it off, which comes to the same thing.
You may, by neglect of proper means, see your family drop-
ping off one by one, and yourselves prematurely aged and
diseased. For the present I take leave of you, with a full
intention of having more to say to you on this subject next
week.—S'our's, &c.,

MEDICUS ACHATES
Liverpool, January 17th, 1843.

We are happy to inform our readers, says the Worcester
Herald, that there is now no doubt of the funds necessary to
effect the long wanted improvements in the Severn being
forthcoming. This will be the result of a determination on
the part of the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal Com-
pany, decided upon at a special meeting held on Monday last,
Lord Hatherton in the chair, for the purpose of taking steps
for providing the whole of the funds necessary to carry out
the entire of the works : 382 out of the 700 shares into which
the canal property is divided were represented at the meet-
ing, and it was unanimously resolved to apply to parliament
.n the ensuing session for power to raise any sum of money
lot exceeding £lBO,OOO, which shall be required to improve
he navigation of the Severn, and for power to advance the
;ame to the commissioners for effecting the improvement.

" MAN-OVERBOARD " BOAT.—The experiments made
yesterday with what is called the " Man-overboard " Boat
succeeded beyond expectation. She was first hoisted endwise
to the yardarm of the ship Panama, 35 feet from the water,
then suddenly cut loose ; she plunged but two feet, keeping
right side up, and the water running out of the scuttles in
the bottom. She was next hoisted 45 feet, and again cut
loose to a similar effect. She was then hoisted to the great
height of 52 feet, where she hung ready for a dire that would
have completely destroyed a boat of any other construction;
the signal " man overboard " given, she plunged from her
aerial elevation, dipped the end of her bow two feet six inches
in the water and bounding to the surface in an instant. She
was next thrown over the bulwarks of the ship (21 feet from
the water) as if some one had really fallen overboard. A man
then stood on her side long enough to swamp any three ordi.
nary boats, and endeavoured to press it under water, but in
vain. During these experiments her bottom was open, having
had two holes cut in it, each ten inches square. She is built
on the plan of Francis' life-boat, and it is impossible for any
boat not possessing their improvements and perfections to
perform such feats. In the event of a man falling overboard
they may be thrown over the side of the ship, and the man
b 3 seated safely on the water in a few seconds.--New York
Courier.

BOZ AND THE BANKER OF STRATFORD-ON-AVOZ,Z
The following anecdote has reached us from a quarter which
leaves no doubt of its authenticity :—Not many days ago
the
celebrated " Boz" paid a visit to Stratford•on-Avon and,
having letters of introduction to the mayor, established him.
self at the head hotel of the place, and sent his letters to that
respected individual, who is a banker. His worship's know-
ledge of literature, or literary men, not being so extensive
as would be generally supposed in these enlightened days,
was quite ignorant of the existence of such a person as
" Charles Dickens," and sent for his cashier, who told him
it was " Boz." " And who is " Boz," said his worship.
" Go and tell him if l e wants to deposit he can send it by
you, and if he wants to draw he must come himself." The
cashier obeyed his master's bidding, no doubt much to the
surprise and amusement of " Boz."—court Journal.—[The
anecdote thus given by our courtly contemporary is certainly
calculated to amuse the numerous admirers of " Boz," and
to excite a smile, if not surprise, in the literary circle; for
it cannot be denied that it is founded on truth. Mr. Dickens
"established himself" on the occasion at the Golden Lion
Hotel. But it is due to the worthy mayor to add, not only
r that (as a man of business) he evinced his knowledge of
books by observing that no such name as that of "Boz"
appeared in the Bank books, but that he devoted the next
day, after the unexpected introduction, to the service of the
literary lion, by conducting him over the town, and showing
him all that is so attractive to the traveller in the birth-
place of the immortal bard. The assiduous attention of his
worship to Mr. Dickens must have been as gratifying to the
latter as it was creditable to the genuine good-nature of the
chief magistrate.— Warwick Adverting%]

UNIV RSIT Y AND
INTELT, IGENCI

'I.A.• (A'S

LERICAL

rk, to the (

y of St

man, LL.B. Chance
Resident

TIIE CHURCH

Imo College

t. Paul

.ge, and Chaplain
ige of Llanhefydd ;

.es of Great a

Oxford,

-----
THE INCORPORATED SOCIETY FOR BUILDING, ENLARG-
&C., CHURCHES AND CHAPELS,
A meeting of this society was held, on Monday last, at
their chambers, in St. Martin's-place, to receive the reports
of the sub-committees and for general business.
The Lord Bishop of Rochester was in the chair; -
amongst the members present were J. Round, Esq., IV
the Revs. H. H. Norris and B. Harrison ; J. W. Bowden,
J. S. Salt, H. J. Barchard, W. Davis, James Cocks, Esqrs.,
&c.
The Secretary, having read the reports, laid them before
the general committee, who, accordingly, proceeded to in-
vestigate the cases referred to then, and finally granted votes
of :various sums for the following purposes :—For reairing
and erecting a gallery in the church at Hardingbarn, Noprfolk;
enlarging, by rebuilding, the church at Broseb Salo larging, by rebuilding, the church at Beeston, Nottingham-
shire; building a chapel at Earley, parish of Sonning, Berks ;
enlarging, by rebuilding, the church at Farrington Gurney,
Somersetabire ; building a chapel in a district comprising
portions of the parishes of Melcomb Regis and Radipole,
Dorsetshire ; builciing a church at Hildenborough, in the
parish of Tonbridge, Kent; building a church at Bagshot,
in the parish of Farnham, Surrey ; building a church at
Bewdley-far-Forest, in the parish ofßibbesford, Worcester-
shire. .

, and
M. P.

From the report it appears that the polaon af ten
places amounts to 41,902 persons, for
whopum ti
churchthese accom-
modation is now provided to the extent of 13,443 sittings, of
which 6,124 are free, and with the assistance of this society,
3,652 sittings will be added to the above ; of this number
3,134 will be free and unappropriated in perpetuity. One of
these parishes contains a population of 12,511 persons, with
only church room for 4,900 persons ; another of these
parishes, with a population of 4,824 persons, has sittings for
only 1,054 persons ; another, with 6,634 inhabitants, has
church room for barely 2,000 ; and another, with a popula-
tion of 2,873 persons, can afford church room for only 253 of
that number.

Certificates were then examined and approved of for the
completion of the erection, enlargement. B,^c., of churche
and chapels in 12 parishes; and the committee issued war-
rants to the treasurer for the payment of the sums awarded
in each case. The population of these 12 parishes is 44,785
persons; for whom there had previously been church room
for only 8,983 ; but with the society's aid above 5,000 ad-
ditional sittings have been added, 2,940 of these being free.
One of these parishes contains a population of 1,800 persons,
with church room for only 350 of that number ; another
contains 9,000 persons, with accommodation for 1,100; and
a third has 4,500 inhabitants, with church sittings for only
276. To this very scanty provision 3,254 have now been
added, 2,618 of which are free in perpetuity.
The applications for aid were numerous, being 128 since
March, 1842. In 79 of these cases grants have been voted,
and nine applications are now under the consideration of the
sub-committee of correspondence and inquiry.
It also appears from the treasurer's report that the amount
of out-standing grants is £47,480 : whilst the sum at the dis-
posal of the society is only £40,955, showing a deficiency of
.126475.

During the seven years, ending with March, 1828, the
society's average expenditure was only £12,000; during the
seven years, ending with March, 1835, this outlay had in-
creased to £14,000 per annum ' • and, during the seven years,
ending with March, 1842, it had extended to £22,000 each
year.

Among the recent donations to the Pastoral Aid Soeiety
is one of £lOO, which is thus announcd :—" A part of a
large share of the abundance of the late harvest, offered also
in thankfulness for other special mercies since then vouch-
safed by Almighty God. Directed to be sent by Sir William
Geary, Bart."—lt may be recollected that the hon. bart. ex-
perienced a severe accident a few months ago, which for
some time placed his life in imminent danger.

CURIOUS COINCIDENCE.—St. Paul, on his way to Rome,
was shipwrecked off the island of Malta, (then known as
Melita,) where he preached the gospel, and converted the
natives, A.D., 58, or 1785 years ago. It is somewhat re-
markable that the Protestant bishop, on his passage to this
island, to consecrate an English church, bearing the name of
the above saint, was also wrecked on his way thither, in her
Majesty's ship Formidable. It is pleasing, however, to an-
nounce the safe arrival of the rev. prelate there, on Wednes-
day, by her Majesty's ship Belvidera.
CHURCH PATRONAGE.—The jtez. Dr. Walmsley, Rector
of Ifanwell, the first Secretary to the National School So-
ciety, has just set an example of church patronage, which,
if it were generally followed, would prove a great encourage-
ment to the junior clergy, and tend to promote the best
interests of the church. In order to show the estimation in
which he held the serviges of his curate, (the Rev. J. A.
Emerton,) and his reliance upon his judgment, he offered
him the living of New Brentford, value £3OO per annum, or
the nomination to it, in case of circumstances preventing bins
accepting it. Mr. Emerton has recomm;nded for this im-
portant and responsible position, the Rev George Harrison,
A.M., Curate of Rayleigh, Essex; in whose favour he has
had the highest testimony, that for fourteen years, as curate
in parishes where there has been no resident incumbent, he
has proved himself "a most energetic, judicious, and useful
clergyman."

CHARITABLE BEQUESTS.—The will of Mrs. Maria Wey-
bridge, late of Stamford-hill, which was proved at Doctors'.
Commons on the 13th of last month by the two executors,
Mr. T. W. Browne and the Rev. T. Ferris, contains the fol-
lowing charitable bequests :—The Society for Promoting
Christian Knowledge, £1000; the Church Missionary Soci-
ety, £lOOO ; the British and Foreign Bible Society, £lOOO
the Prayerbook and Homily Society, £lOOO ; the Deaf and
Dumb Asylum, £1000; the Asylum for the Blind, £lOOO ;
the London Orphan Asylum, £lOOO ; the Clergymen's
Widow's Society, £1000; the Clergy Orphan School,
£lOOO ; the Poor Pious Clergymen's Society, £lOOO ; the
t Female Orphan Asylum, £1000: the York Hospital, West-
tninster, £5OO ; the Aged Pilgrim's Society, Camberwell, £500; ; the Moravian Missionary Society, £5OO. Airs
Weybridge was the daughter and the last surviving des-
cendant of the late Sir W. Staines, who was for many years
alderman of Cripplegate Ward, and Lord Mayor of London
in the year 1801.

:0411si!PioEncIoAft.thCeo-wpAehscesi
when
- Commission
reed to a minute,
3', on the sub-
jects which at present agitate.
the church. The minute argues
As-
semblyMlit'MlNUTE
UN:
wasl AOh
OF
rdTelig tEni nTGghEouNfrEstdithaeAyLS,
in reply to the letter from the Home Secretary,
at great length the right claimed by the church for exclusive
jurisdiction in ecclesiastical matters, and contends that the
power assumed by the civil court is a povver not conferred by
the state. It then alludes to the other quest ions referred is
in the letter from government, and, assuming that are not inclined to grant any redress of the
grievances com-
plained of, it states that " the legislature will have an alter-
native submitted to them, namely, whether to force on a dis-
ruption of the Established Church of Scotland, with all its
attendant evils, or to restore the church to the state in which
she was between 1834 and 1838, when the veto act had not
been declared illegal—the power to admit quoad sacra mi-
has since been so largely exercised, had
nisters had not been challenged—
and the jurisdiction of the
The special commission are of opinion
right should be laid before parliament, and
nttchlic:vaatittlbttcelhioeeeunrcccothislma; claim
wmmhioesidfscillon ofassemblysh o u 1 d p e t i t i o both ho u
calling the attention of the legislature to the grievances and
applications for redress set forth in the church's claim.—
Edinburgh Courant.

TIE SCOTCH OwVilEißbNeMfEouNnTdAtNhDe T Q
on behalf of the church by a ma-
jority laid before him
tfihreTs t
claimslip Ea page CHURCII.—In our
tgreeneei
ur general
docu-
ment, expressed with unequivocal
jyo''cal
plsnwithiChfirmness, but with judicious
answer of Sir James Graham to
jtohreitsyubo
g moderationthe l,
ai also.t e
oaus:eientsbl
several features, and recapitulat-
It is a long and able
jfe subject; awes Graham enters fully upon
His views with reference bo have induced the present crisis.
and the duty of government both to the position of the church
which we, on Wednesday I are almost identical with those
be found to have cornmuntist, expressed a belief that he would
itiatory movement wicated. He declares that the in-
ecclesiastical jurisdicti hereby a collision between the civil and
by the latter when the jurisdictions has been occasioned, was made
and that to her own o
assembly framed the fatal Veto Act,
assigned to her power, of the constitutional limits
adverse circumstance., the church is indebted for all those
argues Sir James, swhich surround her. The Veto Act,
peal on cases of! having
been by the ultimate court of ap-
vtres of the disputedit jurisdiction, pronounced ultra
church,follows that, while resolute in main-
taining this illegal statute, she is de facto in open opposition
that all • principles of the British constitution ; which pro-
videsparties—whether individual or corporate, ec-
clesiastica
of the
supreme interpreter of the statutes, and take the
meaning of those statutes from that authority. Until, there-
fore, the church by rescinding the Veto Act places herself
again in civil obedience to the commonwealth, it is not
possible, reasons Sir James Graham, that her Majesty's ad-
visers can recommend legislative interference, or act as
mediators between the conflicting courts of law and
spirituality. This is a brief but succinct digest of the viewthes
entertained by Sir Robert Peel's cabinet, and set forth in
• such
letter of the Home Secretary. Various other
oto
fpewosliateral
as the abolition of patronage, the definition
n
i isters to sit in
judicatures, and the right of quoad sect?
butm with these we
assembly, are more or less touched.o ,
s to confine our own
take at present no concern, being anxious
of our readers to the principal
question,
regards and those
which is whether or not the Veto Act shall be abandoned, or
the church made a sacrifice to its nominal preservation?
Here lies the gist of the matter.—Glasgow pap. -
TESTIMONIAL TO COLONEL CIIATTERTON.—This testi-
monialiece o
is a very massive and ornamental plate, stand-
ingp
off
ph
two feet seven inches high, independent
inches high, formed of
The base is a tripod pedestal, nine
richly chased foliage surrounding.
and supported on acanthus scrolls i the plateau.
the inscription and arms,n
dead silver interspersed
d three beautifully
with shells. On the pedestal stan ..
t.
mo-
delled figures, eight inches high, in.
truth, liberty, and justice—
the cap raised on a pole justice,
figure stands a palm-tree,
leaves of which droop over.the
the centre of the tripod rises
which spring six branches
extending twelve inclis,
centre being a large
glass bowl. On dead silver, represen ing
th '
• truth bolding e mirror—liberty.
fee the balance. Behind each
and a half inches high, the
beads of the figures. From
massive
foarmed of th fl'
palm-tree trunk, from
acan us o tage, each
nd holding candle sock
a dish, and intended a et, the
silver to support a
one side of the pedestal are the
Mrs. Chatterton, arms of
Colonel Cbatterton and . on, exquisitely en-
graved, surmounted by a richly-chased mantel'. ing and ante.
lope's bead,.The with dart transfixed. motto on the arms
4,
Aree
over° tering," beneath which are severalorders
On the other side of the tripod are two ins ' _
criptions •
, which
sufficiently explain the object of the testimonial.

CLERICAL PROMOTIONS,
Rev. George Ilarrison, M.A., Curate of Rayleigh, Essex,
to the Perpetual Curacy of New Brentford. Middlesex, va-
cant by the promotion of the Rev. John Stoddart. 1)1)
patron, the Rector of Hanwell.
Rev. Charles Tower, "
bridge, Curate of Loughton, Essex, to the Rector, nt i,••_
mark, Wilts, vacant by the promotion of the Venerable
Francis Lear ; patron, the Earl of Pembroke_
Rev. Thomas May, of Ormskio-
Mary, Lancaster.
Rev. George Thomas Pret\
Lincoln Cathedral, has succeeded as Ca.,.
the Very Rev. George Goadon, D.D., Dean of
Rev. John Pickleton Power, 8.A., of Queen's e.
Cambridge, to the Curacy of the New Church of Birkenlit.
Cheshire.
Rev. James Dillon Raven, 8.A., of Magda
Cambridge, to the Curacy of Deane, Lancashire.
Rev. Crannier, of St. John's College, Cambridge, to
the Rectory of St. Andrew's Ancoats, Manchester.
Rev. George Dowty, L.A., of St. Bee's College, Cumber-
land, to the Curacy of Todrnorden, Lancashire.
Rev. A. L. P. Snow, 8.A., of Trinity College, Debt'
the Curacy of St. John's, \Vorstborn, Lancashire.
Rev. John Richards, 8.A., to the Curacy of
Warrington, Lancashire.
Rev. John Roberts, Curate of St. Geor
in Ordinary to Lord Dinorben, tothe Vicara
patron, the Bishop of Asaph.
Rev. P. L. I. Russell, M.A. to the Cur.—
Little Eversden, Cambridgeshire.
drßev. J. Armstrong, one of the Priest Vicars of the Cathe-
al, to
the t story of St. Paul's, Exeter, vacant by the
h ofA. 'l'. R. Vicary ; patrons, the Dean and
Chapter of Exeter.
The Rev. John Groom, 13. A., of Wadham Colley,'
to the Curacy of Padiham, Lancashire.

MARION.

FROM THE FRENCH.)

I am your own, my Marion,
You charm me with your gentle art,
Even from the first my love was won,
Your pretty ways o pleased my heart ;
If you will not, or if you will,
I am compelled to love you still.

No joy was ever like my joy,
When I beheld those smiling eyes,
Those graceful airs so soft and coy,
For which my heart with fondness dies
And when I seek the charm in vain,
I dream the pleasure o'er again.

Alas! I have no palace gay,
My cottage is but small and plain,
No gold, nor marble, nor display,
No courtly friends nor glitt'ring train ;
But honest hearts and words of cheer
Are there, and store of love sincere.
- -

Why should we not be quite as blest
Without the wealth the great may own
A shepherd life, methinks, is best,
Whose care is for his flock alone,
And when he folds them safe and warm,
He knows no grief, he dreams no harm

If you, dear Marion, would be mine,
No king could be so blest as I ;
My thoughts, hopes, wishes, should combine
To make your life pass happily
Caresses, fondness, love, and glee,
Should teach you soon to love like me.
—.Athenceum.

--•----

THE SEAMAN'S DAUGHTER.
(A Tributary Monody on the recent death of Grace Darling
BV MRS. C. BARON-WILSON.

When round her ocean-dwelling
Burst the rude tempest's blast ;
While waves, to mountains swelling,
Daughter,
Forth o'er the sinking mast
Forth came the Seaman's aughter,
Like Mercy, o'er the wave,
Stemming that stormy water,
To succour and to save.

The laurel for the warrior's brow,
Fame's glorious fingers twine ;
But far more verdant did it glow,

Heroic maid, on thine.
And, ever to thy deathless name
Shall hallow'd memories cling,
More precious than the wreath of Fame,
Pure—bright—unperishing

Thy firm, but woman's spirit shrank,
From the homage of the crowd
While pale decay thy life-spring drank,
And death thy beauty bowd.
Now, sadly round thy ocean-home
Mourneth the muren'ring wave ;
And (hush'd each angry billows foam)
Makes music o'er thy grave.

LITERARY

NOTICES,

PEACE WITH CHINA

PROSPECTS OF AN IMPROVED TRADE WITH CHINA--STEAM

BETWEEN ENGLAND AND CHINA, AND BETWEEN ENG"

LAND AND AUSTRALIA. VIA THE CAPE OF GOOD nor}

--AND THE ADVANTAGES LIKELY THEREBY TO .A.CCRAIE

TO BOTH EMPIRES FROM THEIR ALTERED POSITION

Our attention has been drawn to an able article on the
above subjects, contained in the last number of Fisher's
Colonial Magazine, from the pen of our late townsman,
Mr. Robert Wise, now of Allonby, near Maryport, a gen-
tleman whose extensive knowledge well
handle the matters of which he treats. Hequalifies him to
prefaces his re-
marks, before entering upon the business questions in view,
by landing, with the zeal of one who has shared in Winning
his country's glories, the intrepidity and bravery of those
who have been engaged in acquiring for this nation such
eminent advantages as are certain to result from the late
termination of the war with China; and, after tracing the
operations of our fleets, expresses a well-grounded hope that
the peace so concluded will prove solid, and, in its results,
highly beneficial to Great Britain, to British India, and to
China itself. That such must be the case will be evident to
every reflective mind, so long as those placed in power ex-
ercise their energies in convincing that fickle nation that
British commerce and British interests are not to be tams-
-
pered with with impunity. We have convinced the Cele
tials of our prowess ; it now only remains for us, while ex-
ercising the sinews of British enterprise, to endeavour to
raise that vast empire in the scale of civilisation, and thereby
make the advantages we have acquired more permanent and
lasting ; and, as Mr. W. observes, our success in China will
be sure to exercise a most beneficial influence in our favour
in the Cochin China, Siam, Birmah, and Malayan States.
The prospect of an improved trade with China, resulting
in the lately-concluded peace, depends, as the writer ob-
serves, solely upon the terms to be settled by Sir Henry
Pottinger. That the Britishht has had many and
serious obstacles to contend in his intercourse
Chinese, he has long known to his cost. He has been has
-
rassed and cajoled by the Hong merchant ; paralysed in has

operations by the capricious whim or villanous propensities
of a local governor, in altering and enlarging the import and
ties. It will be absolutely necessary to settle the

its and exports, port charges