The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1842-07-19 00:00:00

part of ti
their constituent

resentatives of the people for the sufferings of
d agreed, to make that inquiry,
ist attempted to discover the cause of those suffer-
lyer of the working
They did

ings. He would
classes of r

and was an unreasonable prayer
not come to our legislators asking for the aid of charity
they did not seek to subsist upon the wages of idleness
No; they were willing cheerfully to submit to that condition
which the Almighty had fixed upon mortal existence—

namely, to earn their-bread by the sweat of their brow. Nor
did they ask for any exclusive privilege for themselves : they
asked for no protection for themselves at the expense and to
the injury of the other classes of the community; butthey

did require that their labour, their only possession, should
be unsfiackled, that they should have the liberty of disposing
of the produce of their industry without restraint—that they
should not have this or that market assigned to them by
legislation, but that they might have the whole world for
their market. In short, they asked that they might not be
prevented by vicious legislative enactments from obtaining a
fair and legitimate return for their toil and their labour. In
the statements.of the resolutions which would be moved and
seconded, he believed and hoped they would' all cordially
concur ; they suggested, as appeared to him, the only effectual
remedy which, under Providence, could, be applied to the

evils under which,the country was suffering, namely, a repeal
of all those impolitic and unwise restrictions which oppressed
and injured our commerce. In conclusion, he begged to
observe, that those who had originated this meeting had not
done so from a desire to excite and inflame their feelings by
a detail of the horrors which the population in some parts of
this and the neighbouring county were now undergoing; but
they had called it for the purpose of giving those present an
opportunity of exercising the priVileges of citizens of a free
country,, and to discharge those duties which they owed, as
men and as Christians, to suffering industry, by petitioning
the crown to have investigation made into th
those sufferings, and if possible to apply a remedy.
Mr. WILLIAM RATHBONE, in moving the first resolution,
wished that he might be able to do full justice to the subject
—a subject which ought to be no apPeal to the PaSSions, but
to sober reason—the determination of the people to have
their rights, whilst they respected the.rights of others. The
resolution he had to propose would requike few words from
him to convince the meeting of its truth. It was—" That
the state of the country, even at this most favourable period
of the year, is one of privation and distress unparalleled in
its extent and in its severity, becoming daily more appalling
in its effects upon the physical, the social, and the moral
condition of all the people." Did they want anything from
him to convince them that the distress was indeed appalling,
that it was indeed increasing ? If they did, let them go to
the parish-office, to the pawnshops, to the docks. Let them
go to the graving-docks, and ask the carpenters whether they
were employed. Were they not, a large portion of theta—
he believed be should be correct in saying a majority of them
—receiving parish relief? Let them ask the ropemakers,
the sailmakers, and the labourers, whether they were now
in full employment ? Let him ask, too, whether, whilst la-
bour was scarce and fond his.), - • - - -

causes of

~,nu, iviigus were men also: was
there any man among them who was deluded now, as they
all were twelve months ago, by the wickedness,the inten-
tional wickedness, of those who told them that labour and
food depended upon each other? Was there any one among
them so stupid as not to feel that food was high and wages
low, and that they bad very little labour? Sir Jas. Graham
had been amusing himself by making a calculation that there
was now only as 8 to 13 of the distress that existed before ;
but, admitting the calculation to be correct, which he did
not, might not Sir James have been better employed in look-
ing out how to remedy the evil than with examining its pro-
portions? Sir Robert Peel had told them, that we must be
independent of foreigners. We were independent of fo-
reigners with a vengeance. Our trade with foreigners had
been cut off; it was daily and hourly decreasing ; and what
was the consequence? Why, that when we had three or
four bad,harvests, we were entirely thrown upon the home
trade, aethat time when the home trade was at the worst.
That was a pretty independence for statesmen in a commer-
cial country to look to! Be independent of foreigners that
you may be thrown into misery at home—was that the inde-
pendence they looked for? (No, no.) It was said, however,
by them that trade was improving ; but to test that, let them
look at the amount of wages to the people generally paid
here, in Manchester, in Birmingham, in Leeds, in Leicester,

and all through the manufacturing districts, and, as a
clencher, if they were not satisfied of the existence of dis-
tress, let them go to Paisley and-ask if there was any im-
provement of trade. And how had they borne their suffer-
ings ? Let him just say, in parenthesis, that these _people
had set an example to all ether people, for when they could
not fill their bellies with food, they were filling their heads
with intelligence,.by learning to read and teaching ethers to
read, that they might ascertain whence the causes of th
distresses really arose. The causes of their distr
be found in the f

ful competition of other nations, and the
1 commercial lezislation for many years;

and it was vain to say, although a good harvest might
miti-
gate the evil in some degree, that anything but a sound
system of commercial legislation could ever bring England
to that glory which her ability; her capital, her industry, and,
above all, her integrity entitled her. After insisting upon
the necessity for the free importation of corn, Mr. llathbone
warmly reproached the people for having elected a House of
Commons which had passed the present corn act, and called
upon them in future to elect honest Men.
Colonel WILLIAMs seconded the resolution in a most gar-
rulous speech.
Mr. WILLIAM EArtLE moved the next resolution, " That
the measures adopted ur proposed by the legislature are alto-
gether inadequate to the relief of the existing difficulties, and
have entirely failed to inspire the merchants and manufac-,
turers with that confidence without which commerce cannot
revive." He by no means condemned the new commercial
tariff as far as it went, and it would be unjust to say that the
change which had been made was not a movement in the right
direction ; but he contended that the strongest arguments
which had been urged in favour of those reforms and changes,
could be applied in a still stronger degree to the introduction,
at a low duty, of sugar, coffee, and corn ; against the intro-
duction of those articles the most contemptible twaddle had
been urged, and nothing else.
Mr. EDWARD BRODERICK seconded the resolution in a
long and vociferous treatise on the interchange of commodi-
tiesbetween nation and nation.

Mr. MACARTNEY, a chartist, came forward and spoke at
considerable length in support of the principles of the " peo-
ple's charter."

Mr.
litmus BLACKBURN proposed the next resolution.
He contended that the existing distress had been longer in
its duration, more universal in its extent, and more severe in
its pressure than any former instance ; and that the three
great measures of the present administration—the income-
tax, the new corn law, and the amended tariff, were by no
means calculated to effect any alleviation of it. The only
remedy was the free importation of food. He proposed the
fourth resolution, as follows :—" That no measures can save
the nation from impending ruin in all its interests, agricul-
tural as well as commercial, except such as will remove all
hindrances existing in our legislation to freedom of trade, and
thus open to British capital and industry the markets of the
world."

Mr. JAMES MULLENEUX seconded the motion, and it was
carried, after a few words from a chairmaker, named Thomas
Samson, who asserted that thousands were starved to death
by the corn laws.
Mr. SHIEL moved the next resolution, which asserted
the necessity for the abolition of all prohibitory or protec-
tive duties ; but he said it was vain to expect any sound
commercial legislation till the great body of the people had
a voice in the selection of their representatives, until that
right was protected from corruption and oppression by the
ballot, and until their representatives, by shortening the du-
ration of parliaments were compelled to give an account of
their proceedings to the people.
Mr. LAWRENCE HEYWORTH seconded the motion, and
avowed himself an advocate for universal suffrage, which he
said was the right of the people, and they should demand it
on the principle of the commandment, " Thou shalt not
steal." The resolution was carried.

Mr. WATSON moved the adoption of a memorial to the
Queen, founded on the resolutions, to be signed by the
chairman, and presented to her Majesty by the Duke of
Sussex.

Mr. HIBBERT seconded the motion, and the memorial
was adopted.

Mr. floaNny then received a formal vote of thanks for
his conduct in the chair, and the proceedings terminated.

The Union Bank of England have declared a dividend at
the rate of 5 per cent. per annum, plus the amount to be
paid to the government as the tax upon the profit of business.

The royal hereditary estates which have been given up to
the country, in exchange for the incomes allowed, more than
exceed the expenses of the royal family, the privy purse in-
cluded. This is a fact which is not sufficiently known.

A deputation on the wine trade. including Lord Sandon,
M.P., Mr. Masteman, M.P., Sir Iloward Douglas, M.P.,
and Mr. George Barnes, had an interview with the Chancellor
of the Exchequer and Mr. Dean, Chairman of the Customs.
on Saturday, in Downing-street.
THE LAUNCH OF THE GOLIATH, EIGHTY GUNS, AND
VIRAGO WAR STEAM FRIGATE.—The Lords of the Ad-
miralty have ordered these vessels now building in her
Majesty's Dock-yard at Chatham. to be launched on Mon-
day next, the 25th instant, in consequence of which the
greatest activity prevails in that establishment amongst the
shipwrights and workmen.

COLD WATER AFFUSION IN GOUT.—Frankum, in his
short " Dissertation on Gout" (published by Longman and
Co.), so distinguished by its unaffected good sense, thus
alludes to the curative experiment of cold bathing, which
in these days supersedes in empyric pretension all that was
predicated of the infallible nostrum " brandy and salt :"—', In
respects to remedial means, the greatest paradox with which
we have to contend is the benefit which some persons state
they have derived from the immersion of the affected foot
in cold water, or by causing a stream of cold water to fall
on the part inflamed. Without dwelling on the system of
Dr. Kinglake, we shall merely add that such a man as the
late Mason Good gravely asserts that he was completely
cured of a severe attack in less than eight-and-forty hours,
solely by the application of cold water to the feet—(l re-
member a gentleman, a free liver, and of a full habit, who
told me that he invariably had recourse to a cold-water bath
to his foot whenever he felt an attack of the gout, and that
he frequently sat at dinner with his foot immersed in a pail
of cold water. I only know the sequel—in a few years after-
wards, I heard of his sudden death ; to me certainly not a
matter of surprise, although he was a man of most extraor-
dinary constitutional vigour) ' • that he made use of no col-
lateral means, nor ever found the use of cold water produc-
tive of the least inconvenience—Sludy of Medicine, vol. ii..
p. 521. If this be true, and no other explanation is given
of it, the whole of the facts upon which we have built this
sketch fall like a baseless fabric;' but it cannot be;
cannot go backwards and deal with shadows as substances,awe
or with effects as causes, and satisfy ourselves that 3re
I
of the
acting rationally. I have little personal experience
.ut-
property ascribed to this kind of treatmernt., b
divest myself of the belief that some existed, eV:in
Dr. Good's own case, which it would
ravel, had a closer observation been made
e however, leave the
nerbeeorithceuipt peculiar
circumstances circumstances and symptoms. I inns.,
hazard of such a remedy to others
who are bolder than my.,
self, and whose practice is founded on a different principle."

DISTURBANCES IN THE POTTERIES:

Intelligence was received in Birmingham on Thursday, that
Burslem, the metropolis of the Staffordshire Potteries, was in

' a state of alarming disturbance. The bad trade nod a "turn-
out" among the miners have seriously affected the men em-
ployed in the potteries and iron-works; and Mr. Sparrow, the
owner of very extensive works at Bursiem, had just made a
reduction of id. a week in each man's wages ; which, it is
said, will in the aggregate make a difference in his weekly
outlay of £3OO ! That was the immediate cause of the
rioting; and on Wednesday, Burslem, Hanley, Stoke, Tun-
stal, and Lane End, the chief towns of the Potteries, were
all involved in the disorder. The men who had turned out,
to the number of some thousands, visited the collieries,
iron-works, and potteries, where men were to be found who
had accepted the reduced scale of %rages, and in some in-
stances inflicted personal violence Linen men whom they
found peaceably engaged at wort
man wz,.

Fulton Park, one

'he force of

,ow sea not . --
the insurgents is aming computed t 6,000, and itwakc, occupied a tract
of land seven miles in extent. Boat-loads of allies were
brought from Bilston and other manufacturing districts of
South Staffordshire. The Yeomanry were called out, and
a troop of the Third .Dragoons brought from Birmingham
On Thursday nearly 700 colliers assembled at Hanley, a
half-past ten in the morning, and were addressed by one of
their leaders, who told them to be peaceable, and not to vio-
late the law : that their objects were to be gained by, force of
argument, and not by physical force : that the military had
been summoned; (the 12th Regiment of od

[
from Wheedon ;jl;tit that, as long as they were peaceable,
the Riot Act could not be read, and the military
could not
interfere : at the same time, they must be firm in their de-
termination to secure the lawful objects which they had in
view. After this address, they proceeded to Cheadle, about
fourteen or fifteen miles of and compelled or induced the
colliers there to desist from work. It is said, that about
10,000 persons have been thrown out of employment. Many
of the potters have been obliged to stop their works for the
want of coal, which would throw about 4,000 out of work.
On Friday morning the Market-place at Hanky was crowded
and every thing continued unsettled in the whole district;
but no further outrage had taken place. It roust be ob-
served, with reference to what 1),,- ' 'n said ahoy, •bout no

Dee— _
violence having been used, that it appears the colliers were
all armed with sticks and bludgeons.

•
BIRMINGHAM, SUNDAY, 1 P.M.—AlthOUgh great fears
were entertained of riots in tile neighbourhood of Burslem
yesterday, I am happy to say that the day and night passed
off, in comparison with what was expected, peaceably. The
turn-out workpeople assembled in great numbers, and many
of the country people were lightened of their stocks on their
way to market; but these open robberies conlinitte,l
highway in the ii_rht of day are said hsr

on the

----- i,c.lilLIJI-3 to nave
been done not only without violence, but with the most per-
fect good humour. In the neighbourhod of Lane-end,
market-carts proceeding to Burslem and Hanley were
regularly stopped and cleared of their contents.
The turn-outs threatened to play the same game with the
butchers shops last night, and, in fear of such threats being
put into execution, many of the provision tradesmen of the
district closed their establishments. Some few acts of vio-
lence were committed, but the presence of the troops, the
strength of which has been augmented by the arrival of two
companies of foot from Weedon Barracks, prevented the
execution of a premeditated attack.

Alderman Copeland passed through Birmingham by the 4
o'clock train yesterday afternoon, on his wiry to London, for
the purpose of soliciting additional military aid from the
Home Secretary, Sir J. Graham. The worthy alderman
stated that the men employed at his own extensive estabiish-
ment, at Stoke, were perfectly contented ; but that in con-
sequence of the violence of the discontented employment was
in a great degree suspended.
There is little doubt but the temper of the turn-outs has
been considerably exasperated by the chartists, the leaders of
whom have done all in their power to prevent an understand-
ing. between the masters and men. The voluntary agents of
the Anti-Corn Law League are likewise at work. I in-
formed, should to-morrow (Saint Monday) pass off quietly,
there is great probability that the present unsettled, if not
alarming condition of the Pottery districts, will be, at least
for the present, at an end.
Several of the leaders of the e'nzeute have been committed
to Stafford.

IMPORTANT TO CREDITORS UNDER B
—The commissioners of Bankruptcy are,

RU PT ESTATES

_ned.
immediately about to cancel all the dividend cheques now
in the hands of the official assignees, which are above six
months old. New cheques will be issued from time to
time on the applications of the parties entitled ; but as this
may be attended with some difficulty during the long
vacation, and especially while the Accountant's office is
closed, creditors will do well to claim the -dividends without
further delay.

EXPERIMENTS AT DEAL.—BURSTING OF ONE OF THE
LARGE GUNS AND PROVIDENTIAL ESCAPE.—OD Thurs-
day, during the time the experiments with large
long ranges were being carried on, one of ?ir. Monk's guns,
a 56 pounder, weighing 97 cwt. burst into four pieces when
the fifth round was fired, and injured, but only in a very
slight degree, five persons, a corporal and two gunners
and drivers of the royal artillery, and two men belonging to
the 'preventive service who were present as spectators. Cor-
poral Campbell received the greatest injury, having been
cut in the forehead above the eyes, and at first presented an
alarming appearance, but, fortunately,' on examination -it
proved to be but of a very trifling nature. At the time the
gun burst, it was calculated there could not have been less
than 700 persons present to witness the tiring, and it was
most providential that a great destruction of human life did.
not occur in consequence of the accident. 'No blame
whatever could be attached to the gun or the principle
on which it was constructed, as it stood the original
proof test in the most satisfactory manner, and had
been fired about one hundred and fifty times since.
So far as the experiments have been made they have proved
satisfactory, but the bursting. of this gin has shown that,
to be made with safety, long ranges can only be ob-
tained by a species of ordnancecOnstrtieted for 0--
ptiSe with a greater solidity of Metal at the breacl'
elevation to which the; guns- ori':thq presP-•

guns at

nat pur-
The usual
it construction are

applicable, varies from one to ten degrees, according to the
range, which affords ample room 'for recoil; but an eleva-
tion up to 25 degrees, necessary to convey a ball d distance
of upwards of three miles, must be liable to danger, unless
the guns are of the most powerful pattir&tOthe breech, as
they have scarceliftmirteitoilitlie ttihdtifor isPitie/2firing at
that elevation being: it sulk them iiitd:tii6l24lllg) Since the
commencement of theLexperiments at'DenlNlEbtftlier of the
members of the select'comin Wei LfrOM trwfitillrlViSt. bee n
present at various times to witness thentl ditt*ti. OtiVeries
which have be en -Walt( (bri,Fiatc;fited bllibeics-gtci'Whobl:/he
measures-were entiusted inoveOfigreat advantage to
the country in thereveriO itibllEigiOn. being required,
in reality. ' '"' b0e..888 itr,:W3T alsltiti of v 7,

THE DUKE OF CAM6:66E.-01Wbe griVtpo our
readers, devotedly attached :as tbo ,Are Ililily of
George the Third, to know that the illustrious duke who has`
lately honoured Bristol with -hir ratratt, is not less ex-
emplary •in attention to religigusT3loeadt.lim :extrltedr jn
ststion. He attends every inornirig4e service of the church.'
We heard,, without surprise, of .his,royal ligliness„)?Aire,
this way a worshipper at Redcliff Church to
.000 ,1
illustrious duke is by the custom of his rack arid ation
usually detained from retiring to rest, this active habit of
" stirring with the lark" gives pleasing evidence of his
vigorous constitution.—Bristol journal.

IRIS II LABOURERS AT THE PARIS • FORTIFICATIONS.--
Captain Capsicum Cayenne Pepper, in his facetious book
" France Daguerreotyped," tells the following tale, for
which his veracity is to be held responsible :—" The great
multiplicity of labourers required for the fortifications of
Paris, and the comparative scarcity of French labourers as
compared with the soil which they have to cultivate, occa-
sioned directions to be some time since transmitted to
.the
French Consul at Dublin to ascertain whether any dispos-
able number of Irish labourers could be iudueed to
proceed
to Paris, with a certainty of .procuring regular employment
for at least a year to come. The result, as may readily be
conceived, was that a number of the ' finest peasantry'
jumped at the offer as nimbly as sahnon-trout at a summer
fly. Under the special superintendence of the consul they
were shipped in disorder and ragged condition for Havre,
felicitating themselves on the gentility of . the. excursion,
and the unlooked-for opportunity of ` the tower to
France, all as one as the foremost quallity—and that upon
vilvit, and be paid for their pleasurin' into the bargain
Since the memorable period when the immortal hero of the
gridiron, bein' in distress in regard of the atin',' thought a
solitary Parley voo Fransay ?' a passport to all the mysteries
of the French mind, nothing more bizarre and provocative of
laughter has been witnessed than the landing of these stray
sons of St. Patrick at Havre, and their journey on foot to
Paris. It was my lot to meet with one of them in the cen-
tre of the Palais Royal at the magnificent Galerie d'Orleans.
There he stood beneath the splendid glass roof, reflected in
a hundred mirrors along the walls, stared at by scores of
moustached loungers, and giggled at by a thaw mayasin gri-
zetles in their exquisitely
.soignetwes. toilets ;. looking. like
Houris in a paradise. Paddy
had changed in nu, respeettiie
costume of his native hills. the. corduroy smails were
patched and repatched, yet broken ..at the knees. The but-
tons enjoyed a sinecure ` for convaynience,'. the long strings
which held the place. of .knee buckles fluttered down to the
be appeared Mule midst of that
ankle. Like Lord Hamlet,
emporium of
_fashion, . . .
With his doublet all unbraccd,

No hat upon his head,'
but a very stunted and straw-bonnd 060 e;-e)). - Vith the in,
memorial short and blackened pipe stuck on the dexter.*ide;
and to complete his parrallel with

' The glass, of fashion and the mould of form,
Pat had

` His stockings fouled, . •
Ungartered, and down-gyvd to his uncle.'
Whenatted wto tithhis I
air addof thaat his hardy and Sinewy'leg.was thickly
m h dusky h ue , and that his' face was
bespread with some ten days' 'growth of be6if'of a foxy brown colour, that his brogues loosened by thiijtittitev Were
made fast around the instep by hay-TopeS, that' lii`cOat was
of aboriginal blue frieze, and that in his hand he wielded a
, aipeend
scarcewhich had been his firm support for many a
I neely wind up his resemblance to the Danish
:r
Prince,
rooi un e , by saying that he was
' The observed of all observers!' . ,
When I first espied him in that attitude of upward gazi!',,F4
which, according to philosophers, distinguishes man frail?. tnr
beast, (a distinguishing characteristic which is sometimes
very requisite,) I drew closer to him,
irre-
sistible curiosity, and was no little astonished at he.a.arina,..o.
her.
impelled by '.'nno. him
ejaculate :—' Holy Virgin, if that disn't hang, li
Eh, then,
Paris t' " it's with laws they thatches their houses in

stactetnoielais.
CAUTION TO SIR ANDREW AGNI:W.—The Journal et!
S. Etienne contains the following extraordinay
—" We have already mentioned an attempt !ribald,
y stabbing
sassinate the Archliishop of Lyons'
him with a knife as he was returningSefcerte.ttilo"la.
of i assassin. On
after celebrating mass, and the escape:tvestry-room
Sunday last in • the same
: .. and at
just officiated at
hit"
f,r--ve
pistol-shot was fired at the priescv; bps place, - the same hour, a
vestirtients ; fortu-
the altar, and who was taking-
and after the Surprise
nately the clergyman was
author of this attack retired slowly',
subsided, was pursued and ar-
occasioned by the event bad
k 1 whether it was he Who fired
net7langerously wounded. The
rested. Having been
in
the affirmative, and at the same
the pistol, he replied
from his breast, he added, `Here is the
time drawing a knife
bbed the other, and I regret that I
s c
in
s anda r
y arous conse-
quencenect
t te • Olt I
~ He further s a s , le was now a car-
penter,did finish him• formerly a grocer, aud failed inbeen
priests preventing "t keeping his shop
weapon with which I sta ,
f the
0 11
but had
HE PENITENTIARY.--A. ne
LAnovu AT
T t bliShMellt of this • •
eof the es a with institution has been a the
queue competition
, we are given to
very serious
open on Sunday.
venous branches of trade. This
Perth, i" i s been felt very - .:
understand iu
particularlyat severely in several descrip-
tions of Fork,.. a season of so much depres-
sion ,nd suffering as the resent, and se
•of the Board
consideration
cons' Directors. It is manifest
that there can be no fair competition b
who, in the Penitentiary, is su .. etween a workman
:iplied, independently of his
labour, with the means of su:, sistence, and one who has
himself and his family to support by the profits of his work.
Whatever is received for the produce of the first isso much
saved in the expenditure ofthe •
establishment, and hence
to insure a ready sale, a considerable deduction is made
from the ordinary • prices. Now %his-is a great hardship to
the honest operatives ; and we think there cannot be two
opinions that no Work jaroduced in the Penitentiary ought
td be sold under the
prices at which it can be produced bt
free 14bour.—_Bati
4 Neriet.

VoetrU,

TH4 SABBATH

==l;:'='l.ol6l

Fresh glides the brook and blows the gale,
Yet yonder halts the quiet mill ;
The whirring wheel, the rushing sail,
How motionless and still!

Six days stern Labour shuts the poor
From Nature's careless banquet hall;
The seventh, an Angel opes the door,
And, smiling, welcomes all!

N father's tender mercy gave
This holy respite to the breast,
To breathe the gale, to watch the wave,
And know—the wheel may rest !

Six days of toil, poor child of Cain,
Thy strength thy master's slave must be
The seventh, the limbs escape the chain—
A God hath made thee free !

The fields that yester-morn knew
Thy footsteps as their serf, survey ;
On thee, as them, descends the dew,
The baptism of the day.

Fresh glides the brook and blows the gale,
But yonder halts the quiet mill ;
The whirring wheel, the rushing sail,
How motionless and still!

So rest, 0 weary heart ! but, 10,
The church-spire, glist'ning up to heaven,
To warn thee where thy thoughts should go
The day thy God hath given !

Lone through the landscape's solemn rest
The spire its moral points on high-
-0 Soul, at peace within the breast,
Rise, mingling with the sky !

They tell thee, in their dreaming school
Of Power from old Dominion hurl d,
When rich and poor, with juster rule,
Shall share the atter'd world.

Alas ! since Time itself began,
That fable bath but fool'd the hour ;
Each age that ripens Power in Man
But subjects man to Power.

Yet every day in seven, at least,
One bright Republic shall be known
Man's world awhile hath surely ceas'd
When God proclaims his own !

Six days may Rank divide the poor,
0 Dives, from thy banquet hall—
The seventh the Father opes the door,
And holds his feast for all !

UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL INTELLIGENCE

( From the Oxford Herald.)
In a Convocation holden on Saturday, being the last day
of Act Term, the Degree of Doctor in Divinity, by decree
of Convocation, was unanimously conferred upon the follow-

lug gentlemen :
The Rev. Thomas Parry, M.A., late Fellow of Balliol Col-
lege, nominated to the Bishopric of Barbadoes.
The Rev. Daniel Gateward Davies, M.A., of Pembroke
College, nominated to the Bishopric of Guiana.
The Rev. Francis Russell Nixon, M.A., late Fellow of St.
John's College, nominated to the Bishopric of Van Diemen's
Land.
In the same Convocation, Walter Augustine Smith, Esq.,
of Trinity College, Cambridge, was admitted ad eundern.
In a Congregation holden at the same time, the following
Degrees were conferred :
BACHELOR IN CIVIL LAW.
George Croke Rowden, Fellow of New College.
MASTERS OF ARTS.
Rev. John Cooper, Fellow of Wadham College
Lewis Evans, Fellow of Wadham College.
Rev. Edward Wyndham Tufnell, Fellow

of Wadham

College.
Rev. Charles Augustus Fowler, Oriel College.
John Hall, Brasenose College.
Rev. James Augustus Hamilton, Balliol College.
BACHELORS OF ARTS.
William Everett, Fellow of New College.
Richard Pratt. Postmaster of Merton College.
William Lockhart, Exeter College.
George Croxton Shiffner, Christ Church.
The Rev. John Downhall, M.A., formerly of Magdalene
Hall, Chaplain to the Earl of Burlington, and late Curate of
Blidworth and Oxton, Notts, has been presented to the Per-
petual Curacy of St. George, Kidderminster; patron, the
Rev. T. L. Claughton, Vicar of Kidderminster.
The Rev. Robert Powell, 8.A., of Worcester College, late
Curate of St. Paul's, Preston, has been presented to the Per-
petual Curacy of St. Peter's, Blackburn, Lancashire.
The Rev. William Steward Richards, M.A., formerly
Scholar of Jesus College, has been presented to the Rectory
of Terwick, Sussex, vacant by the death of the Rev. C.

PROMOTIONS

Rev. Charles Sangster, 8.A., Scholar of St. John's Col-
lege, Cambridge, to be Head Master of the Rochester and
Chatham Classical and Mathematical Institution.
Rev. Jas. Gorle, M.A., of Clare Hall, Cambridge, Curate
of Sheldon, Warwickshire, to the Rectory of Whatcote, in
the same county ; patrons, Sir I'. A. and Lady Dalrymple.
Rev. Edmund William Hughes, Curate of East Haddon,
Northamptonshire, to the Rectory of Walton-le-Wold, Lin-
colnshire, vacant by the death of the Rev. G. Egrernont;
patron, the Lord Chancellor,
Rey, William Ramsden Smith, M.A., of Queen's College,
Cambridge, Curate of Trinity Church, St. Giles-in-the-

Fields, to .the Rectory of Hulcott, Bucks, vacant by the
death of the Rev. J. Athon ; patron, the Rev. Stephen
Langston, M.A,. of St. Helier's, Jersey.
Rev. Cooke Otway, M.A., to the Curacy of Long Itß.hing-
ton. Warwickshire.

Rev. Beaumont Dixie, M.A., of Emmanuel College, Cam-
bridge, to the Rectory of Market Bosworth, Leicestershire,
vacant by the resignation of the Rev. Thomas Burnaby ;
patrons, the Rev. Charles Wright and Sir W. W. Dixie,

Baronet.
Rev. Mark Garth, M.A., of Trinity College, Cambridge,
Rectory of Stretton, Rutlandshire, vacant by the
the Rev. John Lamb ; patron, Sir Gilbert Heath-

o the
leath o

,cote, Bart,
Rev. Wm. Tison, M.A., to the Perpetual Curacy of New
Buekenham, Norfolk ; patrons, the Inhabitants.
Rev. T. Edwards, of King's College, London, to be Head
Mathematical Master of the Free Grammar School, Black-
burn, Lancashire.
Rev. Thomas H. Porter, D.D., Curate of St. Peter's, to
the Living of Desertcreight, diocese of Armagh, vacant by
the death of the Rev. Dr. Buck.
Rev. William Attwell, M.A., Curate of St. Mark's, to the
Living of Clonoe, diocese of Armagh, vacant by the death
the Rev. Dr. Buck.
Rev. Richard Gibson, M.A., to the Living of Clondehorka,
diocese of Raphoe, vacant by the promotion of the Rev. W.
A. Butler.
Rev. James Armstrong, to the Church at Foss, in the
parish of Dull, in the presbytery of Dunkeld and shire of
Perth.

WHOLESALE PIRACY OF BRITISH WORKS

(From the Atlas.)

We have received a copy of the following circular from
Mr. Charier Dickens :
" 1, Devonshire-terrace, York-gate, Regent's-park,
th July, 18-12.
" You may perhaps be aware that during my stay in Ame-
rica I lost no opportunity of endeavouring to awaken the
public mind to a sense of the unjust and iniquitous state
of the law in that country, in reference to the wholesale
piracy of British works.

" Having been successful in making the subject one of
general discussion in the United States, I carried to
Washington, for presentation in Congress by Mr. Clay, a
petition from the whole body of American authors, earnestly
praying for the enactment of an inprnational copyright law.
It was signed by Mr. Washington Irving. Mr. Prescott, Mr.
Cooper, and every man who has distinguished himself in the
literature of America ; and has since been referred to a select
committee of the House of Representatives.

" To counteract any effect which might be produced by
that petition, a meeting was held in Boston, which you will
remember is the seat and stronghold of learning and letters
in the United States—at which a memorial against any change
in the existing state of things in this respect was agreed to,
with but one dissentient voice. This document, which in-
credible as it may appear to you, was actually forwarded to
Congress, and received, deliberately stated that if English
authors were invested with any control over the republica-
tion of their own books, it would be no longer possible for
American editors to alter and adapt them (as they do now)
to the American taste !

" This memorial was, without loss of time, replied to by
Mr. Prescott, who commented, with the natural indignation
of a gentleman, and a man of letters, upon its extraordinary
dishonesty. lam satisfied that this brief mention of its tone
and spirit, is sufficient to impress you with the conviction,
that it becomes all those who are in any way connected with
the literature of England, to take that high stand to which
the nature of their pursuits and the extent of their sphere
and usefulness justly entitle them—to discourage the uphold-
ers of such doctrines by every means in their power, and to
holds themselves aloof from the remotest participation in a
Ystem, from which the sense and honourable feeling
of all • moral •
just men must instinctively recoil.
tirneF" myself, I have resolved that I will never from this
enter into any negociation with any person for the
transinisio
I may writ:, across the Atlantic, of early proofs of anything
such a __
cLand that I will forego all profit derivable from
log apo'uunyrou,
bill do not venture to urge this line of proceed-
stress npon the tit I would beg to suggest, and to lay great
tion, to which i ecessity of observing one other course of ac-
" The personse,iarot too emphatically call your attention.
,can public on this 0 exert themselves to mislead the Ameri-
to supprs ad diroersti"—to put down its discussion, and
t(ast the
possible way, are truth, in reference to it, in every
have a strong interestYicinlaY easily suppose) those who
long
existing system of piracy and
D lunder ; inasmuch as, asns
a very comfortable living out
as it continues, they can gain
very
of the brains of other men,
while they would find it
fficult to earn bread by the
exercise of their own. TheserYarde
of newspapers almost exclusively ,he editors and proprietors
of popular English works. They devoted to the republication
are, for
of very low attainments, and of more the most part, men
than
tion ; and I have frequently seen them, in indifferent r
the same sheetuta-
which they boast of the rapid sale of many
y in
of an English reprint, coarsely and insolenttlhousand copies
author of that very book, and heaping scurrilityattacking the
and slander
upon his head.
" I would therefore entreat you, in [the name of the ho-
nourable pursuit with which you are so intimately connected,
never to hold correspondence with any of these men, and`
never to negotiate with them for the sale of early proofs of
any work over which you have control; but to treat, on all
occasions, with some respectable American publishing house,
and with such an establshrnent only.
" Our common interest in this subject, and my advocacy
of it, single-handed, on every occasion that has presented
itself during my absence from Europe, form my excuse for
addressing you.—And I am, faithfully yours,
" CIIARLk:S DICKENS."

CAIN AND ABEL.-1t is somewhat singular that at the
sessions held at Rotherham last week, two prisoners bearing
the names of these two ancients were both tried for felony.
The order of things, however, in tbl4 case was reversed, for
Cain was returned rot guilty, but lbel, less fortunate, was

•
sentenced to be transported for sever. years.
COAL-FIELD OF LANCASHIRE.—FueI and steam-Poser
may be mentioned as pre-eminently forming part of the local
advantages of Manchester. It ha:, been calculated that the
available coal-beds of Lancashire amount, in weight, to the
enormous sum of 8,400,000,000 tons. The total annual
consumption of this coal, it has been estimated, amounts to
3,400,120 tons. Hence it is inferred, that the coal-held of
Lancashire, at the present rate of consumption, will last
2470 years. Two thousand persons, it is believed, are em-
ployed in supplying Manchester alone with coal. The fol-
lowing calculations were furnished to the Manchester Sta-
tistical Society, by Mr. Meadows :
Coal brought into Manchester in 1834. 1836. 1840.
By canals tons 463,238 579,728 637,830
By turnpike-roads and railways 273,770 334,963 396,260

I'ut#l tune., .

737,008 913,991 1,034,090

IPORTINO J

! ~~l~l~~fS ~riv Jl

LIVERPOOL NIA MEEPING.,---Fuf

'The weather extremely hot : the road dustier than bftbrty,..
'The attendance quite as good as on Wednesday. The svprt,
however, very inferior; the two walks-ovzr making the,
amusements flat. The betting to-day very inactive : some
business done on the Doncaster St. Leger.

The STANLEY STAKES of 15 sous each, 10 ft, with 30 sovs.
added, for two-year-olds, Est 121 b ; three, 9st 21b.
Fillies and geldings allowed 21b. The second horse to save
his stakes. (8 subs.)
Lord Westminster's b f Maria Day, 2 yrs .... (Howlett) 1
Lord G. Bentinck's b c Misdeal, 3 yrs . (Rogers)

Mr Kelly ns b f Frea, 3 yrs (Maison) 3
Sir John Gerard's ch f Meal, 3 yrs (Templeman) 4
A very easy race. At the distance chair, Maria Day came
out, took the lead, and won in a canter. Betting-2 to 1
agst Frea, 5 to 2 agst Misdeal, 5 to 2 agst Maria Day, and
3 to 1 agst Meal.
The KNOWSLEY DINNER STAKES of 100 sovseach, h ft,

for colts Bst 61b, fillies Bst 21b. Once round. (12 subs.)
Lord Westminster's br c Candahar.. (John Day) wk. over
The GROSVENOR STAKES of 15 sous each, 5 ft, with 30 sous
added, for three-year-olds 7st 41b, four Bst 101 b. One

mile and three-quarters. (7 subs.)
Lord Westminster's ch c 'William de Fortibus, 3 yrs,
(Francis)
The STAND CUP, value 100 sovs in specie, added to a Han-
dicap Sweepstakes of 15 sovs each, 10 ft. Once round and

a distance. (18 subs.)
Ld Howth's br h St. Lawrence, 5 yrs, Bst 71b (Flatman) 1
Mr Graydon's br h Roscius, 6 yrs, Bst 31b .... (Marlow) 2
Lord Westminster's br c Satirist, 4 yrs, Bst 81b (Marson) 3
Lord Eglinton's b h Doctor Caius, 5 yrs, Bst 61b.. (Lye) ,1
Mr Toke's b m Ermengardis, 4 yrs, 7st 81b .... (Stagg) 0
Ld Eglinton's brh The Young'un, syrs, 7st 31b(Cartwright) 0
A beautiful start. The Young'un made the running, and
kept the lead until near the distance, when St. Lawrence
made a rush, and won cleverly. Betting-5 to 2 agst Roscius,
3 to 1 agst Satirist, 4 to 1 agst Ermengardis, 4 to 1 agst St.
Lawrence, and 5 to 1 agst Caius.

The LivEurooL ST. LEGER of 25 soya each, pp., with 100
added, for three-year-old colts Bst 81b, fillies Bst 31b. One
mile and three quarters. The second horse to receive £5O

out of the stakes.
Mr Ferguson's ch c Fireaway, by Freny (Jacques) 1
Mr Allen's b c Belcoeur .. 2

Mr Maher's c Ballinkeel
Tedworth, Firebrand, b f by Langar, Scalteen, Flamingo,
Candahar, and Auckland also started, and twenty-three
others paid.
The SELLING STAKES, a Sweepstakes of 5 soya each, with
70 sovs added. Heats, once round. The second horse to
receive 10 sovs out of the stakes.
Mr Meiklam's b g Wee Willie, aged (Templeman)
I Mr Clarke's ch c Woldsman, 3 yrs
SIR E. L. BuLwER. Lord Stanley's b g Sybarite, 4 yrs

Mr Singleton's clic Smike, 3 yrs ..
Mr F. R. Price's b c Croyden, 3 yrs
Lord Milltown's b f L'Uccello, 3 yrs,

55 1 1
1 ,1 2 2
61 3 d
2 2 d
7 3 d
3d

Mr Holker's blk (Tariff, 3 yrs