The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1833-01-01 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

be a pauper ; the fifty-pow:ld tenant generally goes to
elkuTtch—the majority of the dissenters and infidels (the
alliance is none of our making) are ten-pound tenants ;
the fifty-pound tenant is, from his occupation and posi-
tion, a lover of quiet and good order, the enemy of plun-
der and incendiaries, and not easily dragged into mobs
and riots—ten-pound tenants are, on the contrary, more
liable to sudden excitement, and more easily congregated
in force ; their property is not of a nature to be much en-
dangered by popular commotions, and they are not merely
accessible to, but greedy for, the intoxicating poisons of
the revolutionary press. These were the real motives for
the personal preference which the householder has re-
ceived over the landholder, and for the collective impor-
tance given to the former class, which really is so grossly
partial and unjust, and so destructive of all balance of
power in the state, as to be hardly credible. We shall,
without wearying our, readers with any details, give
them a summary of the effect of the bill on this point.
Supposing that all the county members were representa-
tives of the landholders—which is by no means the case—
but if it were so, then the landholders of England will
have 145 representatives in the new parliament, while
the householders will elect 327, about five to two! And
again; the actual population represented by the 145
county members is about 8,000,000, while that repre-
sented by the 327 town members is only 4,000,000 ; and,
combining these two elements, the proportions in which
political power is dealt out between two classes—who, as
Lord Al horp admitted, must needs be rivals—is as
nearly FIVE to ONE in favour of the householders as
against the landholders; and yet we shall be told—nav,
indeed, we have already been told by the ministers---th-at
one of the most serious " perils" of their " experiment,"
arises from the undue preponderance of the landholders!
But extravagant and impudent as this proposition is, the
ministers—aye, the very ministers themselves—draw
conclusions from it that go infinitely beyond the original
falsehood and absurdity. Not only are the 4,000,000 of
householding population assured of 327 members against
the 145 representatives of the 8,000,000 of landholding
population, but these 8,000,000 are threatened with more
restrictions, closer limitations—in short, greater injus-
tice, if any one member of the 145 shall be chosen in op-
position to the wishes of the governing faction.—Quar-
terly Review.

rOltia'lGN INTELLII4ILNCJa.

FRANCE.

Our Gallic neighbours have been in a state of quiescence during
the week. The ministerial law, empowering the Government
to do constitutionally, what during the late insurrection it did
in so arbitrary a fasuion,— that is to say, to declare Paris or
any other rebellions district in a state of siege, and under mar-
tial uiscipline,—is likely to be carried without any formidable
opposition. Some fresh changes in the Ministry are not im-
probable ; but the policy and system of Casimer Perier are not
likely to be disturbed. According to the accounts furnished by
the intelligent correspondent of the Times, L. de L. the com-
mercial and manufacturing interests in France are generally
reviving. The woollen, silk, and cotton trades are looking up.
Harness-making and cabriolet-building are in activity; but
grand equipages are not called for. raper-making goes on
prosperously ; but the book trade and printing are said to be on
the decline. What do they make of their paper ?
There is a considerable increase in the Customs and in the
amount of mercantile tonnage for 1832, as compared with 1831.
The total of marching citizens in Fiance, who can be required
to do duty
_out of their departments in case of war, amounts
to 1,943,899 men, from twenty to thirty-five years of age : of
these, 724,00) rae furnished with arms and equipments.
The Greek loan guarranteed by England, France, and Rus-
sia, has been contracted for in Paris by Mr. Aguado, on good
terms for the Greek Government,—that is to say, at 94 to 96
per cent., interest 5 per cent.

HOLLAND AND BELGIUM.
THE SURRENDER OF THE CITADEL OF ANTWERP.
ANTWERP, Dee. 21, Monday
_Evening, 5 o'Clock.—The
Dutch, at 3 o'clock this day, laid down their arms outside the
gate of Kiel, which is furthest from the town. The French
,spared them the pain of laying down their arms before many per-
sons. The permissions to visit the trenches were not only dif-
ficult to obtain to-day, but many of those of a former date were
refused admission. General Farousech led them out. General
Chasse did not appear himself, being unable to walk. The num-
ber is stated to exceed 4,I'AX) men. They returned afterwards to
their old lodgings in the casemates, where they are to remain
until the decision of their King arrives, as to whether they, on
his surrender of the forts Lietkenshoek and Lillo, are to return
with their arms and honours of war to Holland; or,--by his re-
fusal to do so, to become prisoners. They all appeared in ex-
cellent health.
Colonel Caradoc has been to the citadel. He took Sir George
Hamilton,. the Secretary to the Legation at Brussels, as his aide-
de-camp: they saw the citadel, and had a conversation with old
General Chasse, who treated them with attention.
The Dutch flag was removed from the mound in the citadel
early this. morning. The French troops are in possession of
the .two demi-lunes, one near the Esplanade, and the other
towards the Fort St. Laurent.
The treatment this evening by some of the lowest mob of the
Dutch priscnors taken on board the gun-boat that attempted to
escape Lirt night, is protested against by the best-informed Bel-
gians. I hey were brought into this city tied on a large cart,
and escorted by four or five French gendarmes, who were not
aware . of the ft'elings of the populace. They passed through
the vegetable market, where they were hooted, and some c ib-
bage leaves thrown at them, at first, andA'afterwards brickbats,
which wounded'one of them. The gendarmes endeavoured to
cs tlfp'i:'rowd but their efforts were ineffectual until ton
duty cart arrived at the Mechlin gate, when the Belgian officer on
duty called nut his guard, and prevented the crowd from follow-
ing the prisoners as they went towards Berchem, the French
head quarters.
The burning and scuttling the gun-boats is regarded by some
here as a wanton act of barbarian warfare; but as I have been
assured, the commandant of. that flotilla, Captain Koopman,
who still continues in the citadel, acted in compliance with the
orders of his Sovereign, who especially forbad the allowance of
his ships or boats to be seized.
The French disclaim all intention to take any ships, their ob-
ject being merely to clear the Belgian territory. There is, it ap-
pears, existing a convention between Capt. lioopman and the
Commandant of Antwerp, whereby all sailing on the river at
night is prohibited; the secret attempt of the Dutch was there-
fore prevented, and hence in their rage they destroyed their
vessels.
The number of soldiers killed and wounded on the French
side is stated to be 5 officesrs killed, JO severely wounded, 68

sub-officers and soldiers killed and 479 severely wounded; the
slight wounds are not reckoned. On the Dutch side there are
said to be 15 officers killed and wonntled, 86 soldiers killed, and
400 wounded in all.
The description given of the c,itadel is striking: it is said to
be all in ruins, being ploughed up by shells, the casemates filthy ;
the provision store is said not to be injured, but the powder
magazine was bored by a shell, which an artilleryman had the
courage to take up and throw out to burst on the outside ; the
hospital was also much injured by the shells, and the wounded
severely treated by the projectiles that fell amongst them. Se-
veral of the more severely wounded have been removed to the
military hospital in this city.
It is said that General Chasse, in speaking to the English vi-
sitors, expressed his hopes that his defence, as his character was
at stake, would be agreeable to his old military leader the Duke
of Wellington, under whom he had served at Waterloo; he ex-
pressed the same hope to the Marshal and other military officers
of the French army. He is willing to abide the decision of
the King of Holland, and, if necessary, to go as a prisoner to
France.
The inhabitants of Antwerp have already begun to clear away
the rubbish and dung with which they had covered their cella,s
and lower windows, in fear of a bombardment.
ANTWERP, Tuesday, Mid-day.—This being Christmas-day,
the people assemble in the churches, &c. Ail seems joy and
satisfaction. Crowds are moving on all sides on the quays,
ramparts, &c. which have been lately forbidden walks to the
people. The barricades are no 'longer wanted.
I have seen an Ausclian brig; which went up to Tamise to
unload on the 25th Nov., coming down the Scheidt opposite
the town. Its going to sea will be a matter of interest, as it
will prove now the freedom, as the brigs flutter the same colours
did in 1782 prove the closing of the Scheidt, when Joseph 11.
tried the question with the Dutch, which was the cause of a
war, but was settled at the peace of Fontainbleau. There is an
Hanoverian vessel at Liao, waiting to come up with its cargo
to Antwerp. It will be strange if those two German ships
should decide this question.
The Dutch colours continue flying at the Tete de Flandre
and the forts Austrewee, Zwyndrecht, and Burcht, but they are
to-day to be taken down, when the French take possession.
The Dutch fleet continues tranquil at Lii.o. On Sunday
18J0 men landed and made a sortie from Lief kenshoek. They
were repulsed from Doel by the French, and lost thirty killed
and many drowned; the whole is said to amount to 150.
The arrival of the officers with the answer from Holland is
awaited with great anxiety.
BimussELs, _Dec. 25, Tuesday.—ln the intense interest at-
tached to the events of the last few days, I have omitted any
notice of the proceedings in the Chamber. In the sittings of
last week the discussions on the ways and means were conclud-
ed, and the project adopted by a large majority.
A new project has been presented which bxes the war esta-
bishment for 18.33 at MOW men, exclusive of the militia, and
the maximum of the levy for the same year at 12,000 men.
A project will soon be presented regulating the amount of
the peace establishment.
It now appears that the Dutch set fire to the gun-boats, to
prevent their falling into the hands of the French. Six were
burnt to the water's edge, three ran in to the polders and sunk ;
one was taken with the Commandant Koopinan, the military
chest, and about 30 men, chiefly officers, on board. They were
sent off to the head-quarters of the French. Many men were
drowned in endeavouring to get on shore, after setting fire to
the gun-boats. •
BRUSSELS, Tuesday Evening, 6 o'clock.—No account can
yet have reached us from the Hague, nor is expected before
I'hursday. The opinion here is, that the King will refuse.
That, however, is only an opinion.
The third edition of the Independant of this evening says,
that between four and five yesterday afternoon, the Dutch gar-
rison, with drumS beating and coiours flying, marched from the
citadel to the Lunette de Mel, where the men laid down their
arms, and the band their instruments of music, &c. The Gene-
ral and other officers were allowed to retain their swords, and
will do so until it is known that the King of Holland refuses
to give up Lillo, &c. In that case the officers will give up
their swords as prisoners of war.
After leaving their arms at the lunette, the Dutch returned
to the citadel with their knapsacks only.
It was a feeling of delicacy highly honourable to the French
General-in-Chief which induced him to send the Dutch by the
short way to Kiel, and' to spare them the humiliation of a road
by which they must have been exposed to the gaze of a greater
number.
This second edition contains also a statement, which I am
assured maybe looked upon as perfectly correct, of the number.
of French officers and soldiers killed and wounded from the
commencement to the close of the siege. It is as follows :--
Officers killed on the spot
Ditto severely wounded
. Sub-officers and soldiers, do 479
Ditto killed on the spot

Total 562
This does not include those who were slightly wounded.
Major-General Favage, a Belgian by birth, was the second in
command under Chasse in the citadel. He it was who came
out at the head of the troops when they laid down their arms.
General Chasse, who is confined with a rheumatic attack,
was not able to come out. In the evening, the Marshal, ac-
companied by the Royal Dukes, paid a visit to Chasse in his
quarters in the citadel.

CAPITULATION
Concluded between the General Baron Chasse, Commandant of
the Citadel of Antwerp and the Forts dependent on it, and
Marshal Count Gerald, Commander-in-chief of the French

Army before that Fortress.
"Art. 1. The General of. Infantry, BaroL Chasse, shall deliver
up to Marshal Count Gerard the citadel of Antwerp, the posi-
tion of 'fete de Flaudres, the Forts Burght, Zwyndrecht, and
Austreweel, in their present state, with the artillery, ammuni-
tion, and provisions, except those objects mentioned in article 3.
"Art. bz. The garrison shall march out with the honours of
war, lay down their arms upon the glacis, and be prisoners of
war. flowever, Marshal Gerard engages to have them con-
ducted back to the frontiers of Holland, where their arms shall
be restored to them as soon as the King of Holland shall have
ordered the delivery up of Forts Lillo and Liefkenshoek.
With this view Marshal Gerard will send, without delay, an
officer to the Hague, and permit General Chasse to despatch
one on his part, it he should thick proper.
"Art. 3. The officers shall keep their arms. All the garri-
son shall keep their baggage, carriages, horses, and effects, be-
longing either to the troops or to the individuals of the garri-
son.. The persons unconnected with the garrison who have
remained in the citadel shall be under the protection of the
French army.
"Art. 4. If the answer from the Hague should order the
delivery up of Forts Lillo and Liefkenshoek, the garrison shall
be conducted back to the frontiers of Holland, either by water
or land, at the option of General Chasse, immediately after the
said forts have been taken possession of.
" Art. 5. If the garrison are to go by land, they shall march
in one column. General Chasse shall be at liberty to send off
staff officers and commissaries to prepare lodgings upon the
Dutch territory.
"Art 6. In case the horses and carriages belonging to the
garrison should not suffice for the transport of their effects,
means shall be provided for the conveyance at the expense of
-the garriscn. It shall be the same with regard to the boats that
may be required for the removal of the furniture of the officers
and others attached to the garrison.
"Art. 7. For the removal of the sick and wounded the ne-
cessary boats shall be furnished at the expense of the Dutch
Government, to send them to Bergen-op-Zoom. Such of the
sick as are not in a state to be removed shall continue to receive
treatment in places suited to their situation at the expense of the
Dutch Government, from surgeons of that nation, who shall en-
joy, on their leaving, the same advantages as the garrison.
" Art. S. Immediately after the signature of the present ca-
pitulation the besieging army shall occupy with one battalion the
half-moon and curtain-gate in front of the town.
"Art. 9. The commandants of the artillery and the engineer
corps shall, within the shortest space of time possible, give up
to the commandants of the same corps of the French army, the
arms, ammunition, plans, &c., belonging to the branches of the
service with which they are severally charged. An inventory
shall be drawn up on both sides of the objects delivered up.
"Given at head-quarters under Antwerp. Dec. 23.
"The Lieutenant-General, Chief of the Staff, furnished with
powers by the Marshal Commander-in-Chief of the Army of
the North,
"SAINT CYR NUGUES."
(Additional Article.)
"The flotilla of 12 gun-boats stationed before Antwerp, under
the command of Colonel Koopman, is not included in the pre-
sent capitulation.
(a true copy.) "Colonel AINRAY.
"The General of Infantry, Commandant of the Citadel of
Antwerp, "Baron CHASSE."

ANTWERP, DEc. 25, TUESDAY NlGHT.—Christmas-day has
passed over with far more satisfaction to the inhabitants of this
city than they had expected some days ago. They enjoy their
liberation, as every one who considers their position a month
since may easily conceive.
Poor old Chasse ! he seemed to feel his position as most
painful, when, with tears in his eyes, he expressed his hopes