The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-01-20 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD

GENERAL MISCELLANY.

Lord Canning is appointed to succeed Lord Howard de
Walden as Ambassador at Lisbon.
The Rev. John Hurst, rector of Thackem, was acci-
dentally shot by his son last week, while out shooting.
It is said that to set newly-made preserves for several
days open in the sun, is one of the best methods of
making them keep through the summer unferm.mted.
On Saturday week J. W. Unwin, Esq., of Sremming-
ton Hall, near Chesterfield, was thrown from his horse
and killed.

The total number of militia regiments in the united
kingdom is 127, of which 61 belong to England, 14 to
Wales, 14 to Scotland, and 38 to Ireland.

The rocksllt proptivetors have formed an association
and fixed the prices from Ist at 12s Gd per ton, and 3s 2d
river freight. &c., allowing 3d per ton for cash.
Orders have been received to supply 48,000 sets of
accoutrements to the board of ordnance, for the use of
the militia. The order is to be completed without delay.
Some children were teasing a goat, a few days since, in
London, when the animal turned on them and ripped
open the belly of a little boy.
OLD HORSES.—The Bath Journal vouches for a horse
in the possession of Mr. J. Hill, of Cbedder, and doing
daily work in harness, being 50 years of age.
ITINERANT AGITATORS.—SinCe October, Messrs. Cob-
den and Bright have attended sixty-two meetings. Cui
Bono

Lord John Russell received the freedom of Glasgow, on
Monday, and afterwards delivered a long free-trade ora-
tion.

THE TOWER.—Great activity is daily manifested in
the proving and fitting up of muskets for the use of the
militia ; they are to be on the percussion principle, and
several extra armourers and labourers are employed.
Ou Wednesday morning a fearful explosion of fire-
damp occurred seven miles from Newport. Monmouth-
shire, at the works of Mr. John Russell, by which 35
lives were lost.

At a meeting of the Agricultural Protection Society,
held in London on Monday, the Duke of Richmond in
the chair, it was determined unanimously to expunge
from the books the rule which prevented the society from
interfering in the election of members of parliament.
A tigress belonging to .I.lr. Wombwell, exhibiting at
Norwich, brought torth a litter of four cubs. The sire is
a descendent of the lion Wallace. This is the second in-
stance of a similar cross breed. The first took place in
1826, contrary to the opinion of all naturalists.
Colonel Beaumgardt, of the 2nd or Queen's Regiment,
has been appointed Deputy Governor of the Tower, in
the room of Colonel Gurwood, deceased. Lord Charles
Wellesley is mentioned as likely to have the vacant
colonelcy.

A fellow, who represented himself as a railway surveyor,
obtained access to the residence of Col. Wayde, Carfield
House, Essex, and by a well-devised deception contrived
to rob the house of property worth between £3OO and
£4OO.

A man of the name of James Hollins was accidentally
shot by a companion named James Helliwell, whilst
grouse shooting at Wigtwizzle, Bradfield, on the 10th of
December. Tne poor fellow lingered in a state of insen-
sibility until the beginning of last week, and then expired.
At the close of the past year, Lord Ossulton, ALP.,
ordered three of the wild cattle in Chillingham Park to
be shot and distributed amongst the poor at Wooler.
The three oxen weighed nearly 100 stone, and were ap-
portioned to 82 families.

•
Mr. Thomas Hutton, a respectable surgeon of Kirk-
oswald, was found lying dead on the road side, on Satur-
day fortnight. Ifs horse had treated home, a distance
of eight miles, without him. It is supposed that he fell
from his saddle in a fit, and died.
The churchwardens of Windsor have admitted the ille-
gality of the rate alleged to he due from Prince Albert for
the Flemish farm, and the prince has agreed to pay annu-
ally, as a voluntary contrihution, a sum equal to the rate,
to commence from the year 1841.
A considerable part of the rock and building of the old
castle m Dunbar, through which the opening of the Vic-
toria Harbour is made, lately fell down, or rather slid
away, it having been tent by the powerful blasts used in
excava,ing the rocks into the new harbour.
On Wednesday week, in an affray between gamekeepers
and poachers on the lands belong:ng to Sir John Brough-
ton, Bart., near Betley, one of the latter was killed by a
fracture of his skull, and the coron r's jury, after hearing
the evidence, returned a verdict of justifiable homicide.

On Tuesday, a shoemaker, at Old Brentford, named
Lowe. attempted to assassinate his son by stabbing him,
and then attempted self destruc;ion by cutting his throat.
The father, an old man, aged 73, had transferred his busi-
ness to his son, and a quarrel bad taken place on the sub-

ject.
TRAC 'NG PA PER.—The editor of the Mechanics Maga-
zine gives the following recipe for producing a tracing
paper " that leaves nothing to be desired." Mix six
Parts (by weight) of spirits of turpentine, one of rosin,
and one of boiled nut oil, and lay on with a brush or
sponge.
A girl, at Glasgow, who was in the habit of threatening
to drown herself, when in fits of bad humour, started off
to the Clyde in Tuesday week. The mother followed
closely, and finding her daughter hesitating on the brink,
plunged her over head until she screamed for mercy, and
returned home a repentant child.
It is a singular fact, that Drs. Hannah and Jackson,
the Divinity tutors of the two Wesleyan colleges, have
each of them a son in the Church, Mr. Hannah, being
a fellow of Lincoln, Oxford, and Mr. Jackson, principal
of the Training School of the National Society at Bat-
tersea.
cottager, near Leicester, has sent the Prlnce'of Wales
a beautifully marked couple of rabbits. The strangers
had been stopped by some of the Castle underlings, and
were only forthcoming when inquiry was made by Lady
Lyttleton, who had been apprised of their having been
sent.
The fountain at Chatsworth is supplied from a reservoir
of eight acres, having an average depth of seven feet, re-
quiring for its construction the removal of 100,000 tons
of earth, and the employment of 217 tons piping. The
fall from the reservoir to the fountain is 38 feet, and the
water is thrown by it to a height of 267 feet.
From June Ist to October 17th, 457,173 persons bathed
in the Serpentine, of which number 27 would have lost
their lives but for the exertions of the Humane Society's
men. There had been during the year altogether 118
cases, of which 116 were treated successfully. There were
26 attempted suicides, and 10 found beyond recovery.
The Hon. G. A. Smythe has been appointed Un ler-
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in the room of Lord
Canning, retired. It was Mr. Smythe who urged the
propriety. about two years ago, of England's establish-
ing diplomatic relations with the Papacy ; and he; is now
annointed to the very office which has charge of such
affairs.
At the Quarter-s"ssions of Newcastle in Staffordshire,
Reginald Asford Wise pleaded guilty to a charge of ob-
taining under false preten es £550 from the Newcastle
Bank, The young man's father is said to have been for-
merly al3 mker at Totness. and his brother is a magis-
trate for Staffordshire. He was sentenced to be trans-
ported for seven years.
SCREW FRIGATE.-03 Wednesday the Amphion, 36.
gun frigate, to be fitted with an auxiliary screw propeller
of 300-horse power, on the plan of Count Rosen, the ma-
chinery of which is in course of construction by Miller,
Ravenhill, and Co., was launched from Woolwich Dock-
yard, in the presence of the authorities, naval, military,
and civil.
Forgeries of checks to the amount of £2379 15s upon
Messrs. Brownlow. Pearson, and Co. of Hull, have just
been discovered. Edwin Adamson, who has been in the
office five years, a junior clerk, named Doran, and
Thomas Adamson, brother of the first-named party, are
the persons implicated, on the confession of Edwin
Adamson.
THE BISHOPRIC OF JERUSALEM—The Augsburg
Gazelle publishes intelligence from Berlin, to the effect
that the Prussian Government, which now has the privi-
lege of appointing a Protestant bishop to the see of Jeru-
salem, had made choice of M. Belson to fill that p&t.
M. Belson, like Dr. Alexander, originally belonged to
Jewish persuasion, but laverly embraced Protestantism.
INVISIBLE WRITING.—The plan of writing with rice
water, to be rendered visible by the application of iodine,
was practised with great success in the correspondence
with Jallalabad. The first lett, r of this kind received
from thence was concealed in a quill. On opening it a
small paper was unfolded, on which appeared only a single
word, " iodine." The magic liquid was applied, and an
interesting despatch from Sir Robert Sale stood forth.
OFFICIAL LONGEVITY.—There are now living no less
than fourteen persons who have held the office of Clerk
of the Ordnance, namely,— Lord Shaftesbury, Mr. Ward,
Sir G. Clerk, Mr. Percival, Sir H. Hardinge, the Right
Hon. C. T. D'Eyncourt, the Right Hon. T. F. Kennedy,
Colonel Maberly, Colonel Sir A. L. Hay. Admiral Sir E.
Owen, Admiral Dundas, the lion. Colonel Anson, Capt .
Boldero, and Lord A. Lennox.
There are now building and outfitting on the Clyde 37
vessels, amounting, in the aggregate, to 18,027 tons; of
these 26 are iron steamers, collectively amounting to
14,137 tons and 5,580 horse- power, the residue being
timber ships, amounting to 3,890 tons. Valuing the tim-
ber vessels at £2O per ton, the iron steamers at £25, and
the machinery at £4O per horse-power, over head, the
total value of these vessels, when ready and equipped for
sea, will amount to £654,425.
Some diabolical wretch made an attempt to destroy
Mr. Quartermaine, a respectable livery stable keeper in
Oxford, and his family, on the night of the 9th instant.
A petard, containing nearly four ounces of gunpowder,
was tied to the window shutter of the room in which Mr.
Q. and his family were sitting, and an attempt was made
to fire the instrument, but it happily failed, owing to the
material being damp. A reward of £lOO has been offered
for the discovery of the miscreant.
THE RADICAL CABINET.—If Mr. Macaulay has pro-
claimed Earl Grey as the mar-plot of a new lv big Cabi-
net, and, as it is alleged, also denounced him as " the
most arrogant, the most wayward, and the most caprici-
ous of mankind," rumour also declares that there is an-
other great Whig Lord, in regard t 3 whom Mr. Macaulay
has been nearly equally complimentary, for tbat Lord
John himself has been very freely censured for his pusil-
lanimity in not running all risks, and forming an adminis-
tration in spite of Earl Grey.
THE POTATOE BLIGHT AND THE PANIC MONGERS.
-'-Whilst the hireling press of the League have been
hypocritically bewailing the alleged loss of the potatoe
crop, and their platform orators been indulging in
maudlin lamentations over the predicted sufferings of the
poor, the foreign consumer of that valuable root has been
eagerly and, no doubt, cheaply supplying himself in our
market with the commodity which Englishmen were told
was not fit to be thrown to the pigs. A letter from New
York, dated the 30th ult„ with a perusal of which we
have been favoured, says, " We are supplied with English
potatoes of excellent quality and in good order. I have
, taken my winter's supply of them myself and find them
excellent 1" When w;ill the faction learn the fas't that,
even in the pursuit of a political object, honesty and
truth are the most effective weapons?

JESUITICALLY MYSTERIOUS.—We have heard of a
clergyman who had obtained, and was serving, a curacy
in one of the western counties, and to whom an indivi-
dual in the parish wished to show some attention as the
clergyman of the parish, and, therefore, invited him to
meet a relation who had been residing abroad. When he
arrived at the house of his parishioner, and was introduced
to this relative, he apporently shrank back with surprise,
and was very silent and reserved during his stay, and he
left as soon as propriety would possibly pet mit him to do
so. As soon as he was gone, the lady of the house said
to her relative, " I cannot think what is the matter with
our curate ; he does not appear ill, and yet he was very ili
at ease ; and one could hardly draw a word from him."
The relative replied—" I know what was the matter with
him—l know him, and have met him abroad—he is a Je-
suit !" The next morning he had disappeared.— C. S,-S. G.
THE TIMBER TRADE.—The annual circular of Messrs.
Churchill and Son, a leading firm in the timber trade,
contains some interesting particulars relative to this im-
portant branch of our national commerce. It appears, in
the first place, from the document, that rices have varied
considerably throughout the season, and that, while Ca-
nadian deals have been upon the advance, Baltic have re-
ceded in as great a ratio ; " timber," properly so desig-
nated, from all quarters, except St. John's, having risen
to a high point towards the close of the importation. The
rtocks on hand of foreign deals and battens a: e large.
There were of deals, in 1845, 852,936 pieces, whereas in
1846, there are 1,024,577 pieces, and of battens there were
in 1835, 368,246 pieces, against 499,464 pieces in 1846.
The stocks of colonial deals and battens, and of red pine
timber, have diminished, but of yellow pine timber we
find an increase.

DEATH OF A CHILD BY FIRE.—At Shuttington, a
small village, near Polesworth, in Warwickshire, two
children were left at home, last Monday, by the mother,
whose employments called her irto the fields. During her
absence, the time arrived for placing the kettle on the fire.
In this work, the younger sister, aged five years, was
called to lend her assistance, in doing which its clothes
caught fire, and it was immediately enveloped in flames.
The screams of the children soon brought the neighbours
together, and a shoemaker extinguished the flames by
wrapping the little innocent in his leather apron ; but the
child was too dreadfully burnt to recover. It suffered
through the night, and towards morning the mother, tak-
ing hold of its hand, and finding it cold, said—" How cold
you are, dear !" " Yes ! mother, it is death !" was the
reply. Let all the philosophers of the world equal, if they
can, this presence of mind and composure of spirit in an
infant !

SINGULAR DISCOVERY.—A few days since a poor man,
residing in New Romney, discovered, by accident, in the
crevice of an old beam extending across the room in
which he lived, something which bad the appearance of
ravel paper, and, on removing the same, he found within
it a bill of 6000 f. Elated with his supposed goodfortune,
he was desirous to ascertain its value, and accordingly
the document was forwarded to a banker, who soon
elucidated the matter, and described it as one of a set of
bills drawn in the early part of the French Revolution for
6000 f., by Messrs. Frederick Brock and Co., Montpellier,
at two months, on Messrs. Thorton and Co., of Paris.
The bill had been accepted, and the acceptance cancelled.
The was drawn on their own order, but had never
been endorsed, and was therefore rendered of nu value.
It was supposed to have been for payment of some
smuggling transaction, and that one of the set had been
paid 50 years ago; thus were the poor man's hopes frus-
trated ; and it is singular to remark that, about 50 years
since, a:smuggler occupied the same apartments where
the discovery was made.—Dover Telegraph.

AN INCIDENT IN REAL LIFE.—Mr. Goldsmith, the
eminent Paris millionaire, had two daughters, the elder
Mrs. Orme, the younger Lady Lyndhurst; the one mar-
ried not beyond her own rank, the other the premier
peeress in the British empire. Upon► what mere tr fling
chances hang the destinies of men and women ! Here is
a Romance of Real Life One evening, after a snug
tete-a-tete with Goldsmith, in the Leicester•sgnare Sab-
loniere, and sipping our wine, a rather unlooked-fur visit
of Mr. and Mrs. Orme and Miss Goldsmith was made.
Some family arrangements were on the tapis, and to be a
witness was unavoidable. The discussion took place—
there were some complaints—some excitement—some ar-
gument—and some tears ; but in the end the young lady
was obliged, much against her inclination, to consent to
leave London, and go to reside in Paris. In Paris she
almost immediately met the Lord Chancellor ; and in
about six months, we think, was a married partner in the
custody of the Great Seal ! Some, says Shakspeare, have
fortune thrust upon them. Lady L. was very unwilling
to have that which led to her high chance hi the lottery of
life, and cried a good deal.
THE LATE JOHN TAWELL.—The Bucks Epiphany
Sessions commenced at Aylesbury on Tuesday, and
amongst the motions which were to be brought forward
before the magistrates is that of Dr. Lee, of Hartwell-
house, " That the chaplain be required to lay on the
table the confession of John Tawell." This is in con-
tinuation of the resolution which was unanimously
adopted at the last sessions, that " the confession of John
Tawell be laid upon the table at the next quarter sessions
for the county ; and if this he not acceded to, the chap-
lain be called upon to deliver it up fcrthwith." The ma-
gistrates, in demanding the confession, do not consider
that the refusal of the clergyman rests on the privileges
of his order. The majority of authorities on the subject
are in favour of compelling a clergyman, even a Roman
Catholic priest, as a witness, to divulge any confession
made to him of a crime. The confession is not one of
privileged communication only, as the chaplain received
it. but as an officer of the magistrates, which might have
just as well been made to the gaoler or any other official.
In a case of Rex v. Bishop of Ely, Mr. Justice Bayley
pronounced that the Bishop should not, in order to gain
a private benefit, be allowed to withhold public docu-
ments; but in case of the continued refusal of the chap-
lain to deliver up the confession, it will be a matter to
bring before the bishop to discharge him from his office.
MURDER IN JERSEY.-0o Friday morning, a dread-
ful murder *as perpetrated at Seward's cafe, Royal-
square. The victim of this fearful deed is Mr. Abraham,
optician, known for many years in the Channel Islands,
which he visited occasionally. In the course of Thurs-
day night, Mr. Nicolle, hatter, of King-street, visited
Mr. Seward's cafe, and shortly after a dispute arose be-
tween them respecting two bottles of wine, charged to
Mr. N., but which he refused to pay, using very high
language towards Mr. Seward, and challenged to fight
him then in the square; but Mr. Seward returned and
joined the company in doors, which consisted of Mr.
Jeffrey, Mr. Bowdidge, jun., Mr. C. du Pont, and Miss
Cook, Mr. Seward's housekeeper. Shortly afterwards a
report of fire-arms was heard, and in another moment its
effect was visible by the almost instant death of Mr. Abra-
ham, be having been struck in the back by three pistol
bullets, one of which passed through his body, coming
out about the centre of his breast. Miss Cook, who
stood near the table, was shot through the left hand and
hip, the ball having previously passed between Mr. Sew-
ard's breast and Mr. Bowdidge's head ; fortunately the
young lady's life is not considered in danger. Nicolle
made his escape, but was afterwards taken at his own
house. On Saturday, an inquest was held on the body,
when the jury returned a verdict of wilful murder against
Nicolle.

THE REV. DR. WOLFF.—Yesterday week, and on
Wednesday last, the two first lec•ures of this celebrated
man, on his travels to Bokhara, were attended by crowded
audiences, in the Hall of the Literary and Philosophical
Society, Leeds, as was also the third lecture on Saturday.
The Rev, gentleman has, under date the 14th instant,
written an adcrass " to those friends who were collecting
money in order lo reward him for having gone to Bokhara,
to effect the liberation of Colonel Etoddart and Captain
Conoly." He states that he undertookthe expedition for
tnra oado
arrivaltoci oopotntnl
convince
ranactrncoeeßdua
onstaokths
rnehy bothat
British
but
n t tffit o b
and
h officers
thss
eoh nadusefuldid to
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mission
eo
nthwt
eeeaexxs executed
sincerelywee
consequently
sufferers,
tt
e adn yb elrofcovmreedu annhheii ds-s
un-
successful, he was not entitled to any remuneration, He
adds that he had been enahled to pay all the expenses of
the journey except the £4OO advanced to him by the gal-
lant and excellent Captain Grover, and wishes that from
the amount collected here and in India that sum should
be transmitted to that gentleman, with some reward for
the losses he sustained by his (the writer's) detention at
Bokhara, his loss of promotion thereby, &c. He adds
that the gallant Lieut.-Col. Michel has presented him
(Dr. W.) with a living of £2OO a-year, and that Lord
Aberdeen has promised to give his son a situation in the
Foreign office, so that he is out of the reach of want, and
that is all he wants,
EXTRACTION OF NEEDLES FROM THE FLESH.—A
striking illustration of one of this class of cases has oc-
curred in Sheffield in the course of this week. The sub-
ject in this instance is a female setisant, in the family of
Mrs. IA eppenstall, of Upoerthorpe; and about twenty-one
years of age. It seems the young woman was recently
under the care of a medical man, whose treatment pro-
duced salivation, subsequently to which she fancied that
needles were slowly progressing from her left shoulder to
the arm, at some depth in the muscular substance. On
Monday the pain became excrutiating, and presently one,
and soon afterwards three small needles were extracted
from the fleshy part of the arm ; and on the following
morning two more, with part of a third ! They made
their appearance partly above and partly below the elbow,
and seem perfectly bright and uncorroded. They did not
by ary means easily come away ; and no blood followed
from the puncture. Next in interest to the curious fact
of the undoubted extraction of so many needles under the
circumstances, is the question, as to how they got into
the young woman's flesh ? Of this she can give no ac-
count, having no recollection of ever having either swal-
lowed them or received :hem into her body from any ex-
ternal accident ; but she says that sometimes she has felt
the pricking of needles in her chest, while their progress
down her arm was quite perceptible. She states also,
that seven years since, or when about 13 years of age, she
recollects not fewer than 50 similar needles, and pieces of
needles, being extracted from one of her fingers in the
course of a fortnight.— Sheffield Mercury.
BROWN'S PATENT KITCHEN RANGE.—We were much
gratified a few days since by a cursory examination of
this excellent invention—a complete cooking apparatus
that not only combines the most decided improvements
of every previous range, but has so many other ori-
ginal and excellent additions!as to render it unparalleled.
The necessity of the Smoke Jack is obviated by a simple
fan applied to the draught beneath the fire, by which
numerous joints may be kept in continuous and regular
motion. A reference to our advertising columns will,
however, more fully explain its utility.
At the present season of the year we can have no hesi-
tation in recommending, to all persons who are suffering
from asa ma, influenza, coughs, colds, hoarseness, short-
ness of breath, and other affections of the chest and
lungs, Lambert's Asthmatic Balsam ; if the high econ,-
mums of eminent medical men and the public press be
considered proofs of merit, certainly this medicine must
stand pre-eminent; we have been assured it gives im-
mediate relief, and a cure will most oertainly follow the
use of it : sufferers will do well to make a trial of it.—
See Ad.

Eatraturr.

VARIETIES,

There are 897 varieties of apples, 442 of pears. 149 of
gooseberries, 127 of p ums, 99 of grapes, and 80 of cher' les.
THE FIRST POLYGLOTT BIBLE.—The celebrated Com-
plutensian Polyglott was printed at Alcala de Henarez, in
New Castile, the ancient name of which city, when a
Roman colony, was Complutum. It was the first Poly-
glott Bible ever printed, and cost the Cardinal Ximenes
250,000 ducats. The imrressi n was limited to 600
copies, three of which were struck off on vellum ; one of
these was deposited in the royal library at Madrid; a
second in the royal library at Turin ; and the third, sup-
posed to have belonged to the Cardinal himself, after
passing through various hands, was purchased at the sale
of Signor Pirelli's library in 1739, for the late Count
M'Carthy, of Toulouse, for £4BO. On the sale of this
nobleman's li rary at Paris, in 1817, it was bought by
George Hibbert. Esq., of Portland-place, London, for
16,000 francs, or £640.

RUMOUR AND CALUMNY.—The report of the day is
to calumny, what the prick of a pin is to the stab of a po-
niard ; it is as the passing breeze to the raging hurricane,
as the insect to the reptile, as the wealth of poverty to the
poverty of wealth. Hearken not, it has no voice; gaze
not, it possesses nn form. But it glides into the words,
into the glance of others ; there it pene'rates, there it
melts; with honey upon its lips, it carries poi•-on at the
heart. Base and cowardly as it may be, calumny never
cringes. It has feet that walk, a body which moves for-
ward, a hideous head which it sometimes rears aloft, a dart
which one can at least discern when it strikes, or when it
has stricken. But the report of the day is an impercepti-
ble hornet floating unnoticed in the air above us ; less than
it is an atom ; still less again an echo. a fluid sound which
enters your ear, and mingles with your thoughts, unsus-
pected, unseen, unfelt. Calumny bites you, the venom
remains; but for this there is a cure, the sting can be ex-
tracted. But the report of the day tickles rather than
wounds. It is an itching, without pain at first, but which,
when you irritate, inflames and becomes a sore. Calumny
is a pain, a grievance; you can despise or conquer it ; it
is an enemy, you can contend with it. But the report of
the day—where are you to find it I Every where when
you wish to hear it ; no where if you desire to seize upon
it. The former affirms, the latter always doubts. The
first lacerates, the second strangles ; impossible is it for
you even to utter a cry. Calumny has its martyrs ; the
report of the day has but victims. Protean mocker, it
defies even your hatred, for should it by chance permit it-
self to be seen, it is even through a smile. Thus, a man
accosts you ; should he be an enemy, fear him ; if a friend
mistrust him.—Lilerary Aspirant Magazine.
EDUCATION OF THE BOSTONIANS.—First, there is no
class in want or extreme poverty here, partly because the
facility of emigrating to the west, for those who are with-
out emrloyrnent, is so great; and also, in part, from the
check to improvident marriages, created by the Ihigh
standard of living to which the lowest work-people aspire
—a standard which education is raising higher and higher
from day to day. Secondly, I have often beard politici-
ans of opposite parties declare, that there is no safety for
the republic, now that the electoral suffrage has been do
much extended, unless every exertion is made to raise the
moral and intellectual condition of the masses. The fear
entertained by the rich of the dangers of ignorance, is
the only good result which I could discover tending to
counterbalance the enormous preponderance of evil aris-
ing in the United States from so near an approach to
universal suffrage. Thirdly, the political and social equa-
lity of all religious sects—a blessing which the new Eng-
landers do not owe to the American revolution, for it was
fully recognized and enjoyed under the supremacy of the
British crown. This equality tends to remove the great-
est stumbling-block still standing in the way of national
instruction in Great Britain, where we allow one genera-
tion after another of the lower class to grow up without
being taught good morals, good behaviour, and the know-
ledge of things useful and ornamental, because we cannot
all agree as to the precise theological doctrines in which
they are to be brought op. The religious toleration of
the different sects towards each other in Massachussetts
is, I fear, accompanied by as little Christian charily as at
home, and families are often divided, and the best rela-
tions of private life disturbed by the bitterness of secta-
rian dogmatism and jealousy ; but, politically, all sects
are ready to unite against the encroachments of any other,
and a great degree of religious freedom is enjoyed, in
consequence of there being no sect to which it is tinge's-
teel to belong, no consciences sorely tempted by ambition
to conform to a more fashionable creed.— Wade's Review.

EFFECT OF Low RAILWAY FARES.—There is, how-
ever, another consideration respecting the expense of rail-
ways, and that relates to the terms on which they can
afford to carry the public. It has frequently been pre-
dicted that a crash would one day take place in the pro-
perty of the great lines, when more than one line was
formed between important points ; or where the common
roads, urged by necessity, had established cheap and good
means of conveyance. The result of this, it has been
said, will be to force the various railroads so far to di-
minish their rates of transit as materially to dimini,h the
present profits to the shareholders. This is just the
question. Under the coaching system, the cost of con-
veying each traveller was necessarily influenced by the
cost of the animal that conveyed him. An increase in the
number of travellers involved a corresponding increase in
the number of horses. For the hundred and twenty miles
between Bristol and London, on any good e,tablishrnent,
at least sixty horses were required daily. The cost of
each of these, including the great loss by sickners and
death, was nearly four shillings per day, or twelve pounds
the whole number. They ran backwards and forwards
the same stage ; and, therefore, the positive transit ex-
pense for each passenger was eight shillings for the dis-
tance. No improvement in roads or coaches could have
made it less. On the other hand, each locomotive, on
the Great Western Railway, carries with ease a hundred
and fifty passengers ; the transit cost of each of these is
not sixpence: the cost is, in fact, so small that, in reason-
ing on the stbject, it may be almost directly assumed that
any increased proportion of travellers may, without loss
to the company, be attended by a decrease precisely cor-
responding to the transit rates. When this decrease be-
comes very great, of course the actual carrying cost be-
comes of greater comparative amount, and must tie con-
, sidered accordingly ; but not until the transit rates have
become a mere fraction of what they are at present. Now,
many of the great companies have already reduced their
fares ; but not to an extent which can materially affect
the habits of persons using their lines. The charges are
already sufficiently high to enter into the domestic calcu-
lations of most people. Were they reduced, so as to
allow all men in moderate circumstances to resort to the
great towns on most occasions of business or purchase,
there is no saying to what extent travelling by railroad
might be carried ; neither can we believe that the social
effect would be other than beneficial. By the very nature
of the question, people will obtain what they want at a
better and a cheaper rate, or they would not take the
trouble of sending to fetch it. Doubtless, the tradesmen
of the small towns and villages would lose much of their
custom—the result would be a migration of many of these
to the great towns, where they would learn their trafie
better, rigid acquire, for the most part, enlarged habits of
business. It is only to the lowest crder that congrega-
tion can be an evil ; the tradesman certainly gains by it—
who but knows the petty artifices and miserable wares df
most dealers in small places : the every day necessaries of
the inhabitants will always attract to these places a supply
of tradesmen sufficient to keep the vicinity thriving and
respectable, and we want no more.—Church of England
Quarterly Review.