The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-01-03 00:00:00

.18, the Princil

p of L

Fellow

don, to the Curacy of St

r, 8.D., formerly Fellow of Magda-
Ind Archdeacon of Sarum, and
of Bishooston, Witt.

:o the Recto

vacant by the death ot tbe Rev. U. A. Montgomery.
The Rev. William Whitelegg, M.A., formerly of Queen's
late curate of St. Mark's, Cheetham HillA has been
csented to the Perpetual Curacy of St. George's, Hulme,
Manchester. vacant by the death of the Rev. J. Lingard ;
patrons, the Dean and Chapter of Manchester.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Erroll 'nes appointed the Rev.
George France, M.A,, of Exeter College, to be his Domestic
Chaplain.
The Rev. John Carr, M.A., late Fellow of Balliol College,
now rector of Brattleby, in the county of Lincoln, has been
collated by the Lord Bishop of that diocese to the unendowed
Prebend or Canonry. of Carlton-cum-Thurlby, in the Cathe-
dral Church of Lincoln, vacant by the death of the late Pre-
bendary, Mr. Cullum.
The Hon. and Rev. Henry Pakenham, M.A., formerly of
Caius College, Cambridge, to the Deanery of St. Patrick's,
Dublin, vacant by the elevation of the Right Rev. Dr. Daly
to the See of Cashel. '
Rev. James Arrott Stewart, 8.A., formerly of Corpus
Christi College, Cambridge, Rector of Vange, Essex, to the
English Chaplaincy of Malines, Belgium. -
Rev. John Carslake Duncan Yule, M.A., formerly of
Jesus College, Cambridge, Vicar of Cdleridge, and Perpetual
Curate- of .Brushford, to the Rectory of Bradford, Devon,
vacant by the death of the Rev. J. Bamfield ; patrons, the
trustees of Bamfylde's Charity.
Rev. Daniel Waller, 8.A., of St. Peter's College, Cam-
bridge, to the Curacy of St. Mary's, Oldham, Lancashire.
Rev. R. Fenton, M.A., to the Vicarage of Cockerington,
St. Leonard's, Lincolnshire.
Rev. James William Markwell, 8.A., of Christ's College,
Cambridge, and Chaplain to Viscount Torrington, to the
Curacy of St. Matthew's, Manchester.
Rev. Charles Wickstead Ethelston, M.A., formerly of
Trinity College, Cambridge, to the Rectory of Uplyme,
Devon, on his own petition, vacant by the resignation of the
Rev. Henry Tippetts Tucker.
Rev. J. L. Allan, 8.A., Scholar of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, to the Second Mastership of the Cathedral Grammar
School, Rochester; patron, the Dean and Chapter of
Rochester.
Rev. John Buchanan, to be Chaplain to the Forces at
Gibraltar.
Rev. George Bryant, 8.A., of Emanuel College, Cam-
bridge, to the Curacy of Biddenden, Kent.
Rev. Charles Dalton, one of the Readers of Lincoln's Inn,
to he Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of London.
Rev. Lorengo Lucena, to be a Honorary Canon of the
Cathedral Church of the Holy Trinity, Gibraltar.
Rev. John Henry Bolland, M.A., of Trinity College, Cam-
bridge, to the Rectory of Siddington, Gloucestershire. vacant
by the death of the Hon. and Rev. Charles Bathurst: patron,
the Lord Chancellor.
The Rev. Daniel Walton, M.A., the Rev. Thomas Fare-
brother, M.A., and the Rev. Francis Webb, M.A., have been
appointed Curates of the Parish Church of Aston, Warwick-
shire.

Colleg

Rev. Thomas Farebrother, M.A. to the Perpetual Curacy
of St. Margaret, Ward End, near Birmingham.

THE WELSH BISHOPRICS.—The net value of the diocese
of St. Asaph is £6,301 ; the net value of the diocese of Ban-
gor is £4,464. In the former diocese are 143 parishes, in
the latter 131 parishes—making together '274 parishes, which
is far below the average number of parishes in any English
diocese, while in respect of population the inferiority is yet
more striking. In the diocese of St. Asaph there are 52
livings under £200; in the diocese of Bangor there are 61
livings under £2OO —of the former 38, and of the latter 26,
are in the gift of respective bishops, who are in many cases
the itnprcpriators of the great tithes. In the diocese of St.
Asaph the bishop is the impropriator of 13 livings, the total
revenue of which is £4,688 ; and in the diocese of Bangor the
bishop is the impropriator of seven livings, the total revenue
of which is £1,120. From the former see, therefore, is re-
quired £932, and from the latter £2BO, to raise the value of
these livings to £2OO each.—Globe.

From many quarters the cheering intelligence reaches us
that Sir Robert Peel's government has come to a resolution
to take a decided step with reference to church extension
during the ensuing session of parliament. It would have
been next to impossible further to have postponed coming to
some decision on a matter of such importance ; but how the
aid will be supplied, or to what extent, are yet unknown. A
better system of leasing ecclesiastical estates would be no go-
vernment measure at all. The chuich can manage its own
property, and can suggest and carry into effect all necessary
improvements under this head, but the religion of this coun-
try, and of its government and state, is that of the Protestant
Church of England as a branch of the one holy Catholic and
Apostolic Church of Christ. Now, the best, and indeed al-
mo-t the only mode by which the state can aid this national
church is, first, by its protection ; and second, by proposing
from time to time such grants of public money as can with
propriety be devoted to such an object in carrying out the
parochial system, and in supplying means for the erection of
district churches in furtherance of the plans and generous
donations of church people themselves. We hope that the
gra'nt to be proposed will correspond in amount with the
dignity and importance of the cause, and will be worthy of
the state to give, and of the church to accept.—From the
Church and Slate Gazette.

A GOVERNMENT CURRENCY-ITS

ADVANTAGES

" But this has already been shown to be a very immaterial part
of the question, which is, how to get a sound and safe uniform
system of Currency foe the whole kingdom, City Article, Dec. Oth.

The advantages that would result from the adoption of
this sound systein-of a Government, or National Currency,
are many in number and incalculable in degree. Amongst
them may be enumerated the following :

The government's issuing its own notes to the amount of
£50,000,000, in place of paying interest upon that amount of
Exchequer Bills, and other description of borrowed money,
would effect an annual saving to the country of nearly
£2,000,000. The revenue derivable from the o
tw per cent.
tax for advances upon real and funded securities, (all other
notes being thrown out of circulation,) would, in course of
time, probably amount to £10,000,000 more. Making all
fair allowances for expenses and contingencies, it may be
fairly computed that TEN MILLIONS PER YEAR would be
realized; and this, be it observed,from a Tax VOLUNTARILY
PAID BY THE POSSESSORS OF REAL AND FUNDED PRO-
PERTY.—With SO powerful an auxiliary, which such a
moving power and stimulus as this unfettering of the capital
of the country, would give to agricultural improvements, to
manufactures, and to mercantile affairs, we believe that pro-
vision may be at once made for the repeal of ..£5,000,0049 of
taxes and restrictions upon commerce, and for the gradual
and honest liquidation of the National Pebt during the pre-
sent century. Among its effects would be these;—
It would both encourage arid ENABLE the less wealthy
owners of the soil to cultivate their estates, and persevering
manufacturers and tradesmen to make improvements in their
several lines of occupation.
It would originate a
brisker demand for labour, and manu-
factures, and agricultural produce. It (there being a tax of
2 per cent.) would discourage excessive advance by private
bankers to their relatives and friends, and of joint stock
bankers to their directors, shar,!holders, and speculating asso-
ciates and customers.
It would (by making the country less dependant upon
gold) give us a kind of tie or security upon foreigners taking
our manufactures in payment for their products. It would
make almost every individual (not excepting many foreigners,
it may be presumed), feel a personal and direct interest in
maintaining inviolate the stability and credit of the country,
holding, as they would, its notes as part and parcel of their
own property.
It would form a broad and safe CORNER-STONE upon
which to establish a FREE TRADE WITH ALL THE WORLD.
—Government Currency Pamphlets.

THE INCOME-TAX

LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF STAMPS AND TAXES TO

THE SURVEYORS

Stamps and Taxes, London, Dec. 8, 1842.
Sir,—The Board having reason to apprehend that some of
the surveyors have misunderstood the law with reference to
assessments under schedules A and B in the Property Tax
Act, I am directed•to inform you, that the tax is payable on
the annual value of lands and tenements, and not on the
amount to which such lands and tenements have bern assessed
to the poor, and that such annual value is the rent by the
year at which the same are let at rack-rent, if the amount of
such rent shall have been fixed within the period of seven
years from the sth of April last; and if not so let at rack-
rent, then at the rack-rent at which the same are worth to be
let by the year; and that it is only in•those cases where the
annual value cannot be otherwise ascertaiued (such as upon
lands and tenements in the occupation of the owners, or let
on beneficial leases), that the poor-rate is to be resorted to,
and then only for the purpose of making the assessment on
such lastn3entioned properties, in a sum bearing a due pro-
portion (as near as the same can be computed) to the assess-
ment on properties let at a bona fide rack-rent ; as, for
example :
A house or farm is let at rack-rent fqr £lOO a year, and is
assessed to the poor on three fourths of the rent, or X 75
per annum.
Assessment to the property tax must be on £lOO a year.
Another farm in the same parish is let on a
beneficial lease, or is in hand, and is as-
sessed to the poor at, a year £soo 0 0
Add one-third of the said assessment 166 13 0

Assessment to the property tax must be on a
year

As the public will have great cause of complaint if an as-
sessment has been made upon a different principle than herein
set forth, I am to desire that you will take especial care that
in all such cases the same may be rectified accordingly.
I take this opportunity of informing you that the Board
have received directions from the Lords of the Treasury, that
in all cases where the overseers of the poor have been called
upon by the surveyors for the copy of the last rate made for
the relief of the poor, to assist the surveyors in checking the
assessments, and have actually furnished the same, all rea-
sonable expenses for preparing such copy shall be defrayed
by this Department; and I am to desire, that if any such
copy shall have been furnished to you for the purpose in
question, you will forward the overseer's account for making
such copy to this office, with a view to its being discharged.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,

CHARLES PRESSLY

THE NEW TARIFF.—At the weekly meeting of the Board
of Guardians of the Cheltenham Union, held on Thursday
week, Mr. Pinching gave notice that on the sth January next,
he should move that the salaries of all the officers of the
Union be reduced; in consequence of the lessened price of
provisions, and consequent lessened incomes of the farmers.
The question has also been raised at Hereford.
DREAnrut, SHIPwREcK.—The British brig Naiad, from
Halifax to Demerara, was fallen in with on the 11th of Nov.
in_lat. 28 degrees 10 min., long. 50 deg. 10 min., full of
water, and the only survivor taken off by the Shawmur, ar-
rived at Boston, from Rio Janeiro. The. survivor, William
Fosdick, states that they left Halifax for Demerara on the
14th of September, and on the 22d in lat, 20i deg., were
Capsized in a heavy squall, under close-reefed topsails at the
time. She righted next day full of water, with loss of spars
and mainmast. A little flour was washed up from the hold,
which they collected and dried in the sun and ate; every-
thing was done by Fosdick to keep up the spirits of his com-•
panions, (seven in number,') but they all drooped and died,
except one, who, with Fosdick, went into the main top in a.
very stormy night. It coming on to rain, Fosdick touched
his companion in order to rouse him to obtain a few drops of
water as it fell, but found bim dead. In the morning he cut
him loose, and he fell into the sea. He then remained six
days before the Shawmut hove in sight, and when taken on
board he was unable to speak or walk, but the medical skill
of the captain save¢ bis jifey having been 49 days without
food or water,

TWA Ott MINS

Utli4,

(Prom 11th Alabama Paper.)

The trial of Charlotte Hamblin for the murdei: CI her hu
band has taken place in Mobile.

Robert W. Heckle. , introduced as a witness oti the part of
the state, said that on the night of the 25th of March, 1842,
after the first art of the comedy of the Gld Woman had been

performed at the Mobile Theatre, he was informed by a boy
in attendance that the deceased, Ewing, waited him, and
upon descending the stairs that led to the dressing-rooms,
he met Miss Hamblin at e foot of the stairs, holding in
her hand a weapon of some sort ; she exclaimed, " My God !
what have I done! why did he strike me ?" upon proceeding
further, witness found deceased lying across the threshold of
the dressing-room, speechless, with two wounds in his right
arm; Miss H. and deceased were reputed to be man and wife;
her dressing-room was separated from his by the whole width
of the house ; witness knew of no altercation on that day, al-
though Ewing had left his wife on that day, and said he would
not go back, and had heard of no previous threat by Miss H.
against deceased; but saw a note from prisoner to deceased,
requesting the return of certain articles, and threatening him
that he would rue or regret it if he did not return them ;
witness further stated that when he first saw Miss Hamblin
after the occurrence, she had in her hands what he took
to be a dagger—and that in the part of a page which
she performed that night a dagger was not an essential part
of costume ; witness had known deceased for two or three
seasons; his health was excellent, excepting slight attacks of
sore throat, &c.; his run of character required great physical
exertion, and witness never observed that he suffered from
these exertions ; deceased played frequently in the play and
afterpiece, and always without inconvenience; deceased oc-
cupied the same chamber with witness for a week after part-
ing with his wife; then returned for a short time to his wife,
and then returned to his former lodgings, a day or two before
his death ; his general health was then good, as witness had
an opportunity of observing; he had palpitation about the
region of the abdomen, as witness could see from frequently
witnessing him with his clothes off, and appeared to have no
difficulty of breathing after considerable muscular exertion,
such as he often put forth ; witness states that prisoner had
been in the habit of going to the dressing-room of the de-
ceased, but had not been there for a week or ten days pre-
vious to his death ; her dressing-room was separated from
his by the entire width of the house; and access to his apart-
ment could only be had by going in a roundabout direction ;
witness saw at first two wounds upon the right arm of-de-
ceased, hut, upon further examination, discovered another
wound on the left side; deceased was not dead when witness
first reached him, but shortly after, perhaps ten minutes,
died in witness's arms; prisoner and deceased were not to-
gether more than ten minutes that whole evening.
Cross-examined.—Witness went to hurry Ewing to his
part ; did not see Miss Hamblin going to the room of the
deceased, but met her on the staircase, appearing quite dis-
tressed, and asking forgiveness of her husband for what she
had done ; no one was in the dressing-room of the deceased
when witness entered.

Mr. Jones saw Ewing the night before the play com-
menced : he was quite excited by liquor : he spoke of his
wife, and used very abusive language towards her, some few
minutes before the curtain rose: witness played in the same
piece that night with prisoner and deceased ; and, excepting
the language previously mentioned, witnessed no ill will on
the part of either towards the other, on the stage or off : he
heard no threat by prisoner towards deceased, and knows
nothing of their previous separation ; in fact, nothing of the
terms of their social intercourse : she was very secretive as
to her family matters, but witness thought he could see from
the manner of both that they were unfriendly : Ewing and
Radcliffe used the same dressing-room, and witness was in
his own chamber when he heard a voice from the room of the
deceased crying out, " My God! what have I done?" About
a week before the death of Ewing witness saw Miss Hamblin
in his (deceased's) dressing-room, but does not know if she
was in the habit or visiting it.
Madame Thielman was in her dressing-room, and beard
loud talking, and then a scream from the direction of Ewing's
room. Witness went to her door, and, upon looking out.
saw Ewing upon his own threshold in the act of falling : a
few steps off she discovered Miss Hamblin holding something
in her hand, who exclaimed, " He struck me and called me
hard names." Prisoner endeavoured several times to go to
the body, but was hindered by those around. She appeared
frantic and entirely beside herself, and frequently called to
witness as if to her husband, " Andrew, why did you strike
me ?" She would then go to the mirror to arrange her dress,
and announce her readiness to go through with her part.
Prisoner wore the dress of a page, and had a dagger with a
white handle in her belt when the performance began.
Dr. Levert examined the body, and at first, thought that
the wounds were the cause of the death. Upon opening the
abdomen, he discovered much blood—but tracing the course
of the knife he saw no vessels cut. On going further, he
fOund the remains of an aneurism in the abdomen sufficiently
accounting for death of Ewing, witness proceeded no further
in his examination. There are cases on record of the exist-
ence of aneurisms without the attendance of serious symp-
toms manifesting their being. InihiS instance the aneurism
was very large, and attenuated to sireh a degree that witness
wondered how the party lived so long—as any slight cause,
such as a blow, or even a sneeze, might have caused its rup-
ture, and so have induced death. The most probable causes
of rupture would be anger, a blow, or greatmuscolar exertion.
Aneurism is a disease of the arteries, itt the pr oftess of which
the inner coats being most tender, are the first destroyed,
while the outer being tough, will last much longer, Wounds
of the stomach are always dangerous; death does not usually,
however, supervene immediately upon the puncture of that
organ, but is the result of subsequent inflammation. In this
case it is possible that Ewing might have died of the wounds
alone—but not immediately—and only after inflammation had
taken place. Witness had before treated a case of wounded
stomach, where the injury to that organ was greater than in
this instance, and the patient recovered. After finding a
probable cause for the death of Ewing, witness ceased his ex-
amination. The knife entered the opposite side to the aneu-
rism, and did not reanh it. It was ruptured by other agencies,
and there was sufficient cause in the excitement under which
deceased laboured, induced by the liquor he bad taken, and
the fit of anger into which he was st.udenly thrown, to ac-
count for his death.

The evidence was examined with great care, and was closed
about dark; after which the solicitor, Percy Walker, and
Messrs. Chandler, Childers, and Dunn, addressed the jury.
Judge Brugg then briefly and clearly summed up the points
of the case, impressing the jury with the fact that the merits
of the case depended entirely on Doctor Levert's testimony
—which went to show that the aneurism of which it is al-
leged Mr. Ewing died, might have been caused by any
extraordinary excitement.

The jury ihen retired for a moment, and returned with a
verdict of not guilty."

As soon as this was announced, the defendant, who was
fatigued by remaining in court all day, immediately fainted.

THE GIPSY FESTIVAL.—SOUTHAMPTON, DEC. 28.—The
annual festival of the Gipsies of the New Forest was held
to-day on the Rev. Mr. Crabb's grounds, about a mile from
Southampton.' On these grounds the families and tribes of
the Gipsies of the forest were invited, according to yearly
custom, to partake of a sumptuous dinner, and to receive
various articles of clothing, to shelter them in some measure
from the inclemency of the winter season. The presents are
furnished by means of subscriptions of tbe wealthy in all parts
of the country. At two o'clock nearly 200 Gipsies, consis-
ting of men, women, and children, sat down to a handsome
dinner of roast beef and plum pudding, and were waited on
by the gentry of the neighbourhood, crowds of whom were
present to witness the singular scene. The swarthy beings
proved by the quantity they consumed that a sumptuous din-
ner was a rarity to them ; and they were so overjoyed at the
sight of rich plum puddings, that they all rose, greeting them
with tumultuous cheering. The Gipsy children, although
many of them badly clad; some of them indeed half naked,
appeared a fine healthy race. The clothing distributed
amongst them consisted of blankets and fabrics fitted for un-
garments. The Right Hon. Sturges Bourne was present,
and appeared t 6 take the greatest interest in the festival.
INHUMAN TR4TMENT OF A PAUPER SERVANT.—About
eighteen months ago, an orphan girl named Hodges, at that
time not eleven years old, was placed from the Monmouth
Union as servant to Elizabeth Powell, the wife of a farmer
near Langdogo. Almost immediately after the child had
taken up her residence with her inhuman mistress, she was
for the most trifling faults corrected in a severe manner ; but
recently the wretch used to tie the child up with cords to a
beam, and after stripping her, beat her in the most violent
manner with various weapons; and when from exhaustion
she was obliged to discontinue, or sickening at the sight of
the blood streaming down the poor child's back, she used to
wash her in salt and water ! The last fiunishment inflicted
was on Monda'y, when after tying her up and stripping her as
before described, she seized a bunch of holly and lacerated
the child's back in a most shocking manner, it being one mass
of scratches and bruises from the neck downwards. The mon-
ster not content with beating the child on the back, was
equallY profuse of her blows on the arms and under the chin,
waich parts exhibit evident proofs of the violence used. The
little girl, unable to bear such treatment longer, ran away on
Monday, and found refuge in a barn ; on the following morn-
ing she went to Mr. Purchas, who brought her to the work-
house on Wednesday, where she now remains. We hear
that it is the intention of the parish authorities to prosecute
the wretch for her inhuman Oeatrnent of the child; and we
sincerely hope this Mother Brownrigg will meet with the
punishment she so justly merits.—Mon. Beacon.
THE TARTARS IN CHINA.—In a private letter from Sir.
11. I'ottinger, the British Plenipotentiary in China, to a
gentleman in this quarter, we were peculiarly "struck with
his Exellency's view of the Chinese war, and his humane ex-
pressions of anxiety that our enemy might come to terms
without any more bloodshed—not on account of what some
call the injustice of the war, or the effeminate enemy we had
to deal with, but on account of the poor Tartars, who have
no alternative but death in the event of the defeat. They
dare not surrender—they must die by their own hands rather
than yield to an enemy ; and, should they escape into the
country, they escape but from an open and generous
foe to fall into the hands of one treacherous and vindictive
since the Chinese are everywhere on the watch to put the
defenceless Tartars to death, when they can do so with impu-
nity. The scene in the Tartar district of Chinhae (after
the capture of the city) that presented itself to the British
soldiers, Sir Henry -describes as being the most ;:evolfing that
the eye could witness. The mangled bodies of men, women,
and children were found in every house—some with their
throats cut, others crammed, head foremost, into the deep
household wells that are found in all dwellings in the East.
Husbands and fathers had become the executioners of the
dreadful behests of a bloody superstition, or a custom equally
powerful, and imbrued their hands in the blood of their
farilies previous to their own suicide, lest they should fall
into the hands of the British. How immovable must be the
&termination that could produce consequences so general
and so revolting ! We are happy to think that the war is
now concluded—a war that fell with such singular and deadly
effect on this devoted people, the bravest, as Sir Henry ob-
serVes, of all the Asiatic nations.—lnverness Courier.
DESPERATE AFFRAY WITH POACHERS.—On Tuesday
night last, John Alford, an assistant gamekeeper of Sir John
Kennaway, with a young man named Edward Snell, heard
the report of guns in a covert, called Larkbeare-brake, in
Ottery, about half a mile from Sir John's house. Alford
and his companion immediately proceeded to call Mr. Jos.
Cook, the keeper, and several men whom Cook had taken
care should be in readiness in case of an affray taking place.
The assistants, on being called, proceeded tip the turupike-
road, in the direction where the report of the gtins had been'
heard; when they reached the spot, they heard the steps of
men coming down the road, upon which they turned into an
adjoining field, where they remained until the poachers came
up to them. C. Lear, Sir John's hind, then stepped for-
ward, and spoke to the poachers—they gave no answer.
They were four in number (three of them by the name of
Brice, and the other Woodley, all of Newtonpopleford), and
were walking in pairs. Lear collared one of them, whereupon
two, guns were fired by the prisoners, and he was knocked
down by one of them with the barrel of a gun, his head be-
ing laid open ; he was left insensible in the road, And from
the severe injuries he received was unable to give evidence
before the magistrates. John Hodge, one of the keeper's
party, received a blow from a gun which cut off half his ear ;
this blow was followed by another with a hammer, such as is
used for cracking stones. Two or three other of the assist-
ants were laid senseless on the ground. A severe contest
ensued with the remainder, when Cox and Alford came up
to the assistance of the keepers, and safely secured the four
prisoners ; Cook having floored the strongest of the poachers
three succeesive times, on his rising to strike him. They
were on the following day taken before the Rev. J. Huyshe,
and committed for trial. Lear and two of the assistants are
now lying in a very precarious state. One of the prisoners
was severely cut on the head, and at one time serious appre-
hens:ons were entertained of the nature of the injury he had
received.— Western Luminary.

Mt .071'014 TtlAtit

The Cotton 13rolierz published on Saturday iheir annual
statements of the import &c. of cotton during 1542. The

following is the general brokers circular

The year now terminated has been marked by
tuations, and a degree of uniformity in prices

evailei

attended so generally by monotonous depression that it is
questionable whether the annual summary which has inva-
riably accompanied the annexed Tables might have been
dispensed with on this occasion. A departure, however, in
this instance from the usual custom might be deemed unad-
visable ; and a brief retrospect, with some remarks upon
present and future prospects, may not prove wholly unin-
structive.

Commencing the year with a stock equivalent to.
an nearl
y
six months' consumption, and with the probability ofthe im-
port
amply sufficient to meet the reduced wants of
Trade,
any advance upon the rates than current could scarcely be
looked for by the most sanguine, though sonic little im-
provement in the demand tor manufactured goods might
reasonably have been expected. Those, however, %..no at
this period calculated upon some partial return to co.nl-I"er-
cial prosperity were doomed to disappointment; for, gloomy
and dispiriting as was the position of affairs at the conclusion
de
pression,
though 1841, trade continued to undergo increased epredssir,
though it was hardly thought possible that it could
in
nthe
pass
through an ordeal more severe than it had experienced ,
two previous years. Through the months of January, Feb-
ruary, -
ruary, and March, the accounts from the manufacturing
districts, and the foreign intelligence, • were of a most
dis-
tress character, added to which, there was great -f
tress at home from reduced wages, and a general want of
employment among numerous bodies of the working classes.tagainsth This combination of evils, of course, operated again
market, sensitive as it is, at all times, to the passing events
of the day. During this period, although it was well known
that the stocks held by the spinners were unusually limited
there appeared no inducement for them to purchase beyond
their immediate wants, and the average weekly quantity
taken by them up to the 31st March amounted to 20,740
bales varying in no single week materially from this amount.
Speculators, influenced, probably in some measure, by un-
successful results of their previous operations, kept quite
aloof from the market, the average weekly sales for specu-
lation up to this period barely amounting to 2,000 bales.
Owing to this long continued dulness, prices gradually gave
way, a progressive decline having taken place by the end of
March of id. upon the ordinary and middling, arid of id. per
lb. upon the fair qualities of American, compared with the
quotations of 31st December. It is a fact worthy of notice,
that whilst the cotton denominated " Fair Upland" has ge-
nerally been looked upon as an index of the market, it has
formed no such criterion during the past year; and, perhaps,
no ciralmstance afforded a stronger proof of the prostrate
condition of the manufacturing industry of the country than
the inability of the spinners to provide themselves with the
better descriptions. No doubt, the unusually large stock of
ordinary cotton held here through the greater part of the
year, and the extraordinary low price to which it was at one
period forced down, contributed in some measure, to this
result, and a fair export demand, operating upon a limited
snpply of the better kinds, doubtless had also its effect. From
whatever cause such a circumstance has arisen, it must be
hailed as a satisfactory indication of the mechanical skill arid
persevering genius of the English manufacturer, that he can
adapt to a purpose, hitherto deemed impracticable, these
inferior descriptions.
In the month of April, public attention was directed to
the comprehensive measures brought forward by govem-
rrient, with a view to renovate commerce, and to impart new
vigour to trade, for the equal benefit of all classes of the
community; and, highly important as were the changes then
proposed, they were deemed of greater value, inasmuch as
they were considered to be the foundation of other improve-
ments in the commercial system of the country. Although
no sudden revival of trade was to be expected from any le-
gislative enactments, yet a complete revision of the tariff,
embracing a reduction of the duties upon 750 articles, in-
cluding most of the raw materials of manufacture ; a removal
of taxation pressing unduly upon the commercial classes; an
amended cone-law ; and, in lieu of prohibitory duty, a mo-
derate fixed rate upon most articles of food : alteration, like
these could not fail ultimately to produce some beneficial
effect; but, at the time, they necessarily produced much
langour in business, from the uncertainty existing as to the
extent to which various interests might be involved. During
the second quarter of the year, little variation occurred in the
market. Speculators came forward more freely, particularly
in the second and third week of April, when their purchases
exceeded 26,000 bales. The relief afforded to the market
from this cause was partial and temporary, for the trade,
with few exceptions, still acted upon the principle they had
adopted in the earlier part of the year, of limiting their
purchases to their immediate wants, the quantity taken by
them, during the eight weeks ending 20th May, being rather
less than the average of the first three months. After this
period, some little improvement in business became mani-
fest ; the accounts from Manchester were less gloomy and
desponding, a decidedly better demand for both goods and
yarn had set in, which, of course, produced a corresponding
effect here. The sales to the trade, which up to the 20th
May amounted to the weekly average of 21,000 bales, reached
in the ensuing three months, an average of 26,300 bales. But
this additional demand had little influence upon prices; the
heavy stock during these months, particularly of the ordi-
nary qualities of American, depressed the market, amj, in
the middle of July, when the estimated quantity of all sorts
held in this port amounted to 670,000 bales, prices of this
description were at the lowest point, being Id. lower than
the quotations at the end of March, and fully Id. per lb.
lower than at the commencement of the year, whilst the
fluctuation in the prices of " fair," during nearly eleven
months of the year, did not exceed *d. per lb.
The approach of harvest was looked forward to by all
parties With great anxiety, much of the evil of the two pre-
ceding years being attributed to the great deficiency in the
crops • and the winter of 1841 having been most unfavour-
able for sowing, the prospect up to the end of May waa by
no means promising ; but the propitious weather of June and
July quickly dissipated all doubts. The fate of the harvest
being no longer uncertain, both speculators arid the trade
purchased with great avidity ; the sales during four succes-
sive weeks, ending 12th August, exceeded 40,000 bales per
week, the trade alone taking 121,000 hales. This proved a
most seasonable relief to the market, and produced an ad-
vance of zd. per lb. irethose descriptions upon which the de-
cline had been most severely felt.
The progressive improvement in most branches of business,
which was daily becoming more decided, received a sudden
check in the month of August, from a remarkable outbreak
in the manufacturing districts. This " turn out" was not
confined to the cotton trade, but extended to nearly all classes
of workpeople, through the vast regions of industry in Lan-
cashire, Yorkshire, Cheshire, and Staffordshire. Some idea
may be formed of the mischievous results to the commerce
of the country, from so many thousand hands being unem,
ploved for more than three weeks, from the fact, that the es-
timate of cotton alone thrown out of consumption by this
event exceeded 50,000 ba es. 011 the resumption of work by
the operatives in September, the trade holding a larger stock
than at any time previously during the year, and finding a
difficulty in establishing any advance upon their production,
commensurate with the advance upon the raw material, pur-
chased very sparingly ; the quantity taken by them during
three mouths ending November 4 averaged only 15,000 bales
per week. Prices consequently had a downward tendency,
the decline upon common American being nearly equal to the
previous advance. A temporary impulse was given at the
end of September, by the destruction by fire of 42,000 bales ;
but the ef&ct was momentary, and the market soon relapsed
into its former state of' inactivity. No new feature occurred
up to the latter end of November, when, upon the unexpected
arrival of an extra overland mail from India, with news of the
successes of the British forces in Northern India, and of a
treaty having been agreed upon with the Emperor of China,
more favourable to British commerce than could reasonably
have been expected, the markets became unusually excited,
and the sales of the ensiling fortnight amounted to 95,000
bales, establishing an advance of id. per lb. upon the common
qualities of American and Surat. Since that time, owing to
very favourable accounts of the forthcoming crop, and a sup-
ply of new cotton, unusually large for so early a period in the
season, prices have again receded, notwithstanding the pur-
chases for consumption have been extensive, and trade in
Manchester in a more healthy state than for some time past.
On a comparison of the present quotations of American ith
those of the 31st December, 1841, they will be foond Id. per
per
lb. lower.
The deliveries for consumption doting the last eight weeks
from this port amount to an average of 26,630 bales per week,
and the total deliveries from the ports of the United King-
dom will be found, as usual, in the annexed tables, which
contain much useful information connected with this im-
tortant trade. By these, it appears that the total deliveries
o the trade amount to 22,920 bales per week, being 868 bales
per week more than last year. An allowance, however, must
be made for the increased stock now held by the trade, which
is generally estimated at 25,000 to 30,000 bales more than at
this period last year.
To the importers of long stapled Cotton this year has
proved to be one of great disappointment, the demand having
been almost uniformly languid throughout. Prices gradually
declined up to the end of November, when sonic little iota
provement took place ; but the year closed with a reduction
of Id. on Sea Island, and d. to Id. per lb. on the average
of Brasil and Egyptian, from the rates current December
31st, 1842.
East India Cotton alone now requires to be noticed. The
import into Liverpool this year has been 169,800 bales, against
162,000 in 1841, and 109,000 in 1840. The stock is 100,470
bales, against 80,300 in 1841, and 38,600 in 1840. The ex-
treme fluctuation in price has not exceeded Id. per lb. at any
one period, being influenced by the changes before noticed in
American descriptions. The middling qualities of Surat are
now id. and the better kinds Id. per lb. lower than at the
close of 1841.
With regard to future prospects, it might, perhaps, be the
more prudent course to offer no opinion, but leave to others
to deduce from the facts herein given, from the critical events
of previous years, and from their own observations the pro-
bable course of this market during the ensuing year. Bia, as
public attention has for some time been directed to the sen-
timents of a body so practically acquainted with the cotton
trade as this association, some rerparks of a prospective cha-
racter will naturally be looked for on the present occasion.
It is desirable; before hazarding any opinion, to glance for a
moment at the present position of Great Britain with regard
to her foreign and domestic relations; considering which are
inseparable from a broad and enlightened view of this impor-
tant trade. No doubt, at the present time, so far from there
being grounds for despondency, there is much that is cheer-
ing in the prospect of an extended foreign trade. The fact
alone of four ports in the richest provinces of China being
newly opened to British commerce and British enterprise is
welcome in the extreme, though the advantages to be derived
therefrom may be gradual and remote, rather than immediate.
A. new commercial treaty with Brazil is in contemplation,
and it is probable that it will lead to important treaties for
the extension of trade with the colonial possessions of other
countries. The exports of Yarn to the Continent of Europe
throughout this year have been upon a largely-extended scale.
and are not expected to diminish, whilst from other parts of
the world the accounts are such as lead to the hope that there
is increased confidence generally, and that the export trade of
Great Britain will now be placed upon a more satisfactory
foundation, and yield a more profitable return than it has
done for some years. The history of the past, however, proves
that the value and extent of national exports afford but faint
indications, and are no certain tests of national prosperity ;
but that a healthy state of the home trade contributes in a far
greater degree to invigorate commerce, imparting more con-
fidence and stability to the manufacturing interest. Any sud-
den or rapid improvement in the home-market can hardly be
looked for under present circumstances; a long series of un-
propitious events (too fresh in the recollection of all to re-
quire to be particularized here) have paralyzed industry, and
occasionedlenormous losses of capital and great depreciation
of property. Evils and difficulties of such magnitude are
not suddenly surmounted;. and, although the present re-
duced prices of provisions must, to a certain extent, operate
favourably upon some portions of the community, yet the
sudden decline of 25 to 30 per cent. in the prices of all de-
scriptions of agricultural. produce has spread dismay amongst
those immediately interested, and must, for a time, create
some embarrassment. Great and paramount, however, as
the landed interest of this country undoubtedly is, it has
learnt that the continued supremacy of England,
her' pre-
eminence in wealth, and the maintenance of her influence
over the other nations of the earth depend upon the extension
of her trade and commerce. It has learnt, too, to rely more
upon a participation in the prosperity of these mighty in-
terests than upon a continuance of high legislative protection,
which is too apt " to extinguish that useful zeal which gives
life to industry, and produces a chilling and benumbing
effect : which renders men indifferent to exertion, by the in-
dolent security derived from restrictive regulations." That
the important changes which have taken place, and the con-
tinued agitation of further changes will, for a time, be se-

doubt; bu
and sl:i11,

vent pre

ftid

that British capital, energy
the iniiktence of increased competition, will

1. turn) thuse'remarks to a conside-
v and consumption of the ensuing

based upon the uncertain data that
tend to mislead ; but it may fairly be

ute
can now be given, only
assumed, from present
ppearances, that the consumption of 1843 will be greater
than that of 1841 or 1842 ; that it will equal, if not rather
exceed, the consumption of 1840, is an event by no means
improbable. The accounts from the United States warrant
the supposition, that the forthcoming crop will be materially
larger than that of either of the two last years, and will
closely approximate to, if it do not fully reach, that of 1839-
1840, when it was 2,177,835 bales. Under the influence of
supplies coming forward freely, at prices lower than were
ever known before, being no longer factitiously propped up
on the other side by a reckless system of banking and a rot-
ten paper currency, little advance here upon present rates
can be looked for; indeed, some depression, particularly
upon the lower qualities of American, under the usual accu-
mulation of stock during the weight of the import, may
fairly be expected. To these general views it may be added,
that there can belittle certainty of areturn to good trade, ex-
cept upon a continuance of low prices for the raw material.