The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-05-05 00:00:00

LIVERPOOL CORN EXCHANGE. Tins DAY.

Upnn a change of wind we have to report a liberal sup-
ply of Wheat, and a fair quantity of Oats, Flour, and Oat-
meal from Ireland, but, with the exception of Malt, rather
scanty arrivais Coastwise ; the import of Foreign Grain
during the week being only moderate, and of States Flour
somewhat less than 9000 barrels.
There was a fair attendance at this day's market.
Trade. influenced by the depressed state of Mark-lane
yesterday, rules dull, and free Wheat, both old and new,
is 2d. to 33. per 701 b. lower.
Irish sack and free barrel Flour is in slow request, at a
reduction of 63. to ls. per sack.

Barrel States Fiour in band was held for a proportion-
ate advance.

Little passing in Oats or Meal : both the turn lower.
Indian Corn continues to meet a good demand.

/iRRIV.

From the 28th April

.LS OF CORN.

to the 4th May, inclusive

IRE- COAST—UNITED FO-
TOTAL.
LAND. WISE. STATES. REIGN.
.---- -••••
Wheat.. ... Qrs. 10920 I 376 989 1602 14161 •
Barley Qrs. 49 964 1004
I
Malt ! Qrs. 17 3555 3572
Oats Qrs. 6974 245 j 7436
Rye Qrs.
Beans Qrs. 775 1 443 1223
Pease Qrs. 166 631 797
ShelledßarleyQrs.
Indian Corn. Qrs. 1637 . 941 2623
Rapeseed Qrs.
Oatmeal .. Sacks , 4394 43 I 4624
Flour. ....Sacks 6189 I 6489
Ditto Brls., 70 , no 9OlO

EXPORTS.—Foreign. Wheat,— qrs.; Barley,— qrs. ; Pease.
qrs. ; Oats, qrs. ; Indian Corn, 15 qrs. ; Oatmeal,
sacks ; Flour, 552 brls.—lreland. Wheat, 15 qrs. ; Bar-
ley, qrs.; Beans, —qrs ; Oats,— qrs. ; Indian Corn, 6352
qrs. ; Oatmeal, sks ; Flour, 119 scks, brls.—Coastwise.
Wheat, 23 qrs. ; Barley, qrs. ; Malt. St qrs.; Oats, 12
qrs.; Beans, 30 qrs. ; Pease, 32 qrs. ; Oatmeal, eu sacks ;
Indian Corn, 80 qrs. ; Flour, 176 sacks 2393 brls.

Average prices of Grain, for the week ernlin April 25. 1546
Wheat 55a. 6k1,1 Barley 30s. Id.
.1 Oats 235. 4:t. Rye 335. 7d.

Beans.. 345. lod. i 'Pease-33i. led.

Aggregate average of the six weeks

Wheat 355. 7d. I Barley 3 s. 4d. I Oats 223. 7d. I Rye 333.11 d.
Beans.. 345. led. I Pease.. 335. l Id.

Duty on Foreign Produce this week .
Wheatl7s Od I Barley Ss ed I Oats .. . 6s od I Rye.. 8s 6d
Beans 856 d 1 Pease.. gs 6,1 Ind. Corn os Od Flour 'Mid
Doty on Canadian.
Wheat.. Is. Od. I Parley.. Is. Od. I Oats .. 15.0. Rye.. Os 6d
Beans Os. 6d 1 Pease Is.ed. I led. Corn mod. I Flour . Os 74d
Duty on other British Colonial.
Wheat.. 4s. od. I Barley.. ls. od. I Oats, 6d. I Rye...
Beans.. Os. 6d. I Pease.. Is. od. I Flour. 2s. sd.

Os. 6d.

Liverpool Averages, week ending April 21, 1846.

Wheat, alB2 qrs., price 363 7d; Barley, 6 qrs., price 24s Od ;
Oats, 1117 qrs., price 265. 2d.; Rye, qrs., price Os. Od.;
Beans, q,s.. es. Od. ; Pease, qrs., price Os. Od.

HOUSE DRAINAGE.

(From the Liverpool Health of Towns' Advocate.)

There is, properly speaking, no house !drainage in Li-
verpool; but we have a law instead, which, as we formerly
showed, inflicts a penalty of £lO on any one who shall be
guilty of allowing any house soil to pass into a main sewer.
This law must of course be repealed ; and we trust that
the day is not far distant when every cottage in the town
shall have it. separate drain. The very first principle in
house drainage is to avoid the use of the square box drain.
It is one of the worst contrived and most mischievous
forms that could be adopted. All competent authorities
denounce such conduits as being little better than cess-
pools, and where they are carried into the kitchen floor,
they may at any moment introduce fever or bowel affec-
tions into the house. They are generally made vastly too
large, and, from the open nature of the work, there is a
continual escape of gases at the aperture, while there is
also danger arising from the leakage of their contents into
the subsoil, or into wells. This latter accident is far from
uncommon, and is the cause of dysentery and other dis-
eases. Under peculiar circumstances, it may give rise to
most fatal results, of which a most melancholy example
occurred near Liverpool (West Derby),.a few months ago,
when a family of five persons died from poisoning by-ar-
senic, which bad escaped from a drain into the well.
There is rio house drain to be compared for safety to a
small iron or earthenware tube, glaz?d inside, and per-
fectly tight between the open ends. It is remarkable how
small a diameter will answer every purpose. Mr. Roe
says in his evidence—

" I know one in7tance of an iron pipe, three inches in diame-
ter, put into a sewer fifty feet distance from the house, about
eleven years ago, and having a fall of about an inch in ten feet,
which has never been obstructed."

James Simpson, Esq., advocate, of Edinburgh, has pub-
lished a Report of a similar experiment made in his own
house, where an iron pipe, only Iwo inches and a half in
diameter, has received and c,rried away the whole drain-
age of the house, including back yard, kitchen, baths,
water closets, &c., without having been once obstructed for
five months, the period which had elapsed since the tube
was laid down. In order to test the comparative merits
of this tubular drainage, with those of the large old box
drain previously in use, the iron tube was allowed to ter-
minate by its open orifice in the square drain outside the
house. When this drain was examined, after one month's
use, it was found that a deposit two inches deep had taken
place in it,.while the iron tube was perfectly clean.
The report, which is attested by the architect, the sur-
veyor, and the plumber, concludes as follows :

" It is thus demonstrated that a two-and a-half inch tube or
pipe is competent for the drainage of your house, even with the
flushing afforded by the ordinary and moderate discharges of
the common water closets and sinks; whiic a striking example
of the superiority of this system of sewerage over the old, was
seen in the accumulation of mater having occurred in the old
drain only. while the new continues perfectly free from anything
like obstruction or deposit."

Now, when we remember that it is usual for such square
drains to pass under the lower stories of houses, we shall
be at no loss to account for the sickness that not unfre-
quently breaks out when they become foul; while the per-
fect action of the tubular sewer proves it to be of great
sanitary importance.

Mr..W..Dyce Guthrie, in his valuable evidence on
house drainage, has given a table of the expense of clay
tubes, in which be shows, that with a diameter of three
inches, they would cost only 6d. a yard. The same length
with a diamet^r of six inches would cost 9d., and with a
diameter of a foot, ls. 3d. The rapidity with which these
tubes can be laid down would also occasion a great saving
in expence. He suggests a diameter of between three and
six inches for ordinary tenements. But here, again, we
must have an ample supply of water, otherwise such im-
provements cannot be carried out. The great principle of
house drainage is to use a small tube, and to trust to keep-
ing it clean by flushing. It is impossible in this way that
any deposit should take place, for it is carried at once into
the main sewer by hydrostatic pressure ; and a 111 p at the
orifice would effectually prevent the passage of foul air
from the main sewer into the house. Large tubes are al-
together unnecessary, except for secondary sewerage, to
which it is proposed to apply them.
In conclusion, we hope the drainage of the town will be
made as perfect as possible ; for we have the high autho-
rity of Mr. Rennie for the fact, that " No town in Me
British dominions is better situated than Liverpool for a
complete system of sewers."

THE REAL RAILWAY KING.—A gentleman in the
Queen's Bench has papered his room with nothing but
railway shares. The effect is rich. It is calculated that
not less than three millions of capital has been sent in
this way to the wall. Every county in the United King-
dom is there represented. The whole railway world is
compressed into the space of eight feet by six. The gen-
tleman breakfasts in England, takes his tiffin in India,
dines at Paris, and sleeps in Switzerland, just according
as he moves his chair. We must not forget to mention,
that every share has been made to run in the direction of
the fire-place. In this way the Sue ingeniously represents
the grand central terminus of all the lines in the world.—
Punch.

BAD EFFECTS OF THE BUILDING TRADES' STRIKES.—
Again, it has been seen seen that, in the strike of 1833, a li
principal object of the union was to do away with all con-
tract work whatever': and there is no doubt that the same
unreasonable demand would be made now-a•days, did
concessions from the masters lead the men to believe that
they had the power to enforce it. Gentlemen would then
be deprived of the advantage of knowing exactly the cost
they are likely to go to, at the commencement of any
work. I know for a fact, that many persons, who con-
templated erecting new buildings, or enlarging their pre-
sent premises, have been deterred from doing so by the
strike, and otherwise invested their :capital. I believe
that much loss is being suffered by those who have build-
ings in an unfinished state, the use of which they greatly
require. The profits of the shopkeepers, who supply the
workpeople with the necessaries of life, are always materi-
ally diminished by a lengthened strike • and as the wages
or building operatives, when employed, are sufficiently
high to enable them to lay out a tolerable amount weekly
upon the comforts as well as the necessaries of life, their
cessation from labour, and consequent want of funds, will
be severely felt.—Statement of Facts.

CANNING'S COMMERCIAL POLICY.—Mr. Canning's
commercial policy was identical with that of Mr. Hus-
kisson. His general principle was this,- that commerce
flourished best when wholly unfettered by restrictions.
But, as modern nations had grown up under various sys-
tems, and were never secure from fluctuation, he main-
tained that it was necessary to observe a discriminating
judgment in the application of this principle. The wise
course was always to keep it in sight, and to work to-
wards it as the final aim of legislation. He held the doc-
trine of protection in the abstract, to be unsound as well
as unjust. Bounties, monopolies and all special exemp-
tions in favour of particular classes or particular interests,
were consequently the objects against which his commer-
cial system was cautiously, but continually directed. The
Reciprocity Act, brought in by Mr. Robinson in 1823,
was an indication of that system By this act the King in
council was authorised to place the ships of foreign states,
importing articles into Great Britain or her colonies, on
the same footing of duties as British ships, provided such
foreign states extended a like equality to British ships
trading with their ports. It will be seen at a glance that
the principle of extinguishing restrictions was thus fully
declared, while its practical application was carefully re-
gulated by a scale of wife equivalents.—Bell'a Life of
Canning.

THE,MODEAN ,PROLIRE SS.

THE FRAGMENT OF A DREAM.

(From Blackwood's Magazine for May.)
CHAPTER I.

How SCAPEGRACE first became acquainted with SCRIP.

As I walked through the wilderness of 'Change Alley, I
lighted on a certain coffeehouse, where there was a box in
the corner, and, trilling asleep therein, I dreamed a dream.
I dreamed, and behold I saw a man bearing a burden on
his back, walking up and down the alley in a grievous
plight ; and ever and anon he put his hands into his
breeches pockets, as if in search of something, but drew
out nothing. Then he turned his pockets inside out, and
cried—" Wo is me ! what shall I do ?"

And, as he turned his back to me, I saw his burden,
which was large and heavy; and thereon was writ, in large
characters, the word " Debt :" and drawing near, sue-
thought the bag was stuffed quite full of mortgages, bonds,
bills, post-obits, and suchlike, wherewith he appeared to
be weighed down even to the ground.
And, as he made his moan, and strove to unloose his
burden from his back, behold another man came up to
him, who also bare his burden upon his back ; but,
though it seemed larger and heavier than his fellow's, he
wore a smiling countenance, and skipped along at lightly
as if his pack had been filled with feathers; and drawing
near t', the first man, he thus accosted him
How now, neighbour SCAPEGRACE, wherefore so in
the dumps? Thou seemest to have a sore struggle with
thy load, which, sootb to say, seems a heavy one. Can I
lend tbee a helping band?"
" In good faith, neighbour STAGMAN," answered
Scapegrace, " so long as this burden sticks to my back, I
shall have no peace or rest, by night or by day, for I know
not how long I may be left at large ; and men say that,
even now, one Gripeman bath a writ out against me, at
the suit of Mr. Legality, and that I shall be hauled away
to prison incontinently. Bail, as thou knowest, I can find
ncne ; for Bauman, who stood surety for me aforetime,
is bankrupt, and thou, Stagman, halt not a penny in thy
purse—if thou wert ever so much inclined to befriend me."
" Nay, not so fast, friend," replied Stagman ; " mat-
ters have gone better with me of late than thou wouldst
suppose ; and perchance, if thou wilt listen to me, I can
put thee on a way to get quit of this thy burden !—or, if
thou wouldst rather do as I do, to fill thy pockets, keep
thy burden still, and yet dance under it as lightly as if it
were no burden at all.

" Of a truth," said-Scapegrace, " I long to know how
these things may be."
" Know then," said Stagman, " that of late all the
world have gone crazed after a new fashion of travelling,
or rather flying, discovered by Mr. Ironman, by means of
which the traveller reacheth his journey's end ere he well
knoweth that he bath begun it, smoking his pipe, or read-
ing the newspaper all the way, as be skimmeth along over
bills and valleys, sloughs and morasses.
" These be pleasant tidings," cried Scapegrace.

" Ar.d profiiable likewise," answered .Stagman, " for
all that are'concerned in these new highways ; for now-a-
days none will take the old roads, which are fast becom-
ing full of ruts and pitfalls, fearful to behold, and all must
soon resort per force to those made by Mr. Ironman,
who levieth a heavy toll on all passengers at various
wicket-gates which he hath set up along the road. Now,
as Ironman required some friends to assist him with mo-
ney in making his roads, he hath formed various goodly
companies, who lend him their money in the meantime,
and share thereafter in the tolls levied from the pilgrims
that use the road. If thou couldst but be joined to one of
these companies, as I have been, thy burden might soon
be lighter. And even now there is a new road about to
be begun, which I doubt not would make thee rich in a
brief space, if thou wert bat a sharer therein."
" Whither goeth this road?" asked Scapegrace.
" From the town of LITTLE-GO, by HAP-HAZARD, to-
wards CENT-PER-CENT, and thence to the great city of
ELDORADO," answered Stagman. " Thereafter, if the
traffic answer, we contemplate a branch rail to UTOPIA."
" But methought," said Scapegrace, " that road of
which thou speaks[ was full of rocks, and deep pits, and
swamps, and quagmires, and other frightfuls. Ido re-
member me of a certain SLOUGH OF DESPOND, wherein
sundry travellers were bemired to purpose, and some
hardly escaped with their lives."
" The Slough of Despond, quotba!" cried Stagman;
" a certain man, called in the vulgar tongues Contractor,
undertakes to fill it up, and to lay a double line of rails,
with sidings, across it in a fortuisht."
" Truly, we live in strange times, neighbour," said
Scapegrace. " But then the HILL OF DIFFICULTY?"
" Is no difficulty after all," interrupted Stagman ; "we
pass right through the centre of it by a tunnel in two mi-
nutes, so that you need never know there was a hill there.
The strata are all clay and sandstone, exceeding well
fitted for baring."
" Then the VALLEY OF HU-MILIATION, and the road
which leads therethrough ?" asked Scapegrace.
" We go slap across it in the twinkling of a bedpost, by
a handsome viaduct of thirty arches on the skew princi-
ple." said Stagman.
"Lo, you"now!" said Scapegrace. marvelling—
however, the road is rugged and hilly?"
" Thou wouldst say, the gradients are bad ; not so,
there is none worse than one in the hundred—quite as
good as the Caledonian."
" I know not that road," said Scapegrace.
" So much the better for thee," answered Stagman
gravely.
" But, neighbour, how do you contrive to carry your
road through other men's grounds ?" said Scapegrace.
'6 We promise.to share the profits with them, said
Sta%man, and so keep them quiet; or put them on the
_
Provisionnl Cornmi

•" Surely,

counts. Sometimes, no doubt, we are put to our shiftc for
a time, as was the case with Squire Despair, of Doubting
Castle, who opposed us on the standing orders, and threa-
tened to throw us out in committee ; but as it ended in
our buying Doubting Castle at his own price, and paying
him handsomely for intersectional damage besides, he soon
withdrew hii opposition, and is now an active promoter of
the line. Indeed, I know not any one who can give us
further trouble, except it be the old Pope, who says the
road will ruin his villa, and be the death of any of his bulls
that get upon the line ; but as we know that he is as poor
as a church at, and will never show hi's face in the com-
mittee, we mind him not, and, in truth, I have no doubt
the committee will find the preamble proved."
" Find what ?" enquired Scapegrace ;—" methinks,
Stagman, thou deafest in strange words, and usest a jar-
gon hard to be understood of men."
" Find the preamble proved," answered Stagman ;
" which means we shall be empowered to make the road."
I suppose, then, neighbour," said Scapegrace, " there
will be a great resort of travellers to this same CENT-PER-
CENT, and much toil levied thereat ?"
" The passenger traffic, the prospectus says, will be
enormous," answered Stagman ; " and the minerals along
the line are of course inexhaustible."

" But tell me, neighbour, is this same mode of travel
as pleasant for the wayfarers as thou sayest ?"
" Exceedingly pleasant for the survivors," answered
Stagman. " Doubtless it sometimes happens that a car-
riage or two will run over a precipice, or the down-train
from Little-go may run into the up-train from Hap-
hazard, whereby some dozen lives may go amissing ; but
such accidents are unavoidable, and it is satisfactory to
know that on these occasions there never yet has been the
slightest blame imputable to any one concerned—the sto-
ker being invariably a most respectable man, and the ut-
most attention paid to the signals."
" Nay now, neighbour Stagman," said Scapegrace ;
" all this is mighty comfortable and encouraging, and I
long much to have share with thee in this same business."
" I know not," said Stagman, " whether that may be;
for the way is narrow, and many there be who would go
in thereat. But look you, neighbour, I have promised to
do you service if I can, and I will tell you how to set
about it. There is an ancient friend of mine, who bath
stood me in good stead before now, his name is Mr. Scrip ;
he bath holpen many a one in worse plight than thou art;
so that by his aid, from being poor and needy, they have
become well to do in the world in a short space. Let us
go together to him ; he dwelleth in Paper Buildings hard
by ; it may be that he will stand thy friend, and help thee
out of this thy difficulty."
So meth-might the men went both together, and, knock-
ing at the door of Mr. Scrip, they were shown into his
apartment, which was all garnished with slips of paper,
whereon were strange figures and characters written, which
no man could read or understand. He wore a coat of
many colours, the pockets of which appeared to be stuffed
with papers, bearing the like figures • be was always look-
ing either up or down, and he moved to and fro continu-
ally, as if he.could not sit still in one place for a moment.
" Mr. Scrip," said Stagman, you must know here is a
_ .

friend of mine.who is presently sore bestead, and lacketh
thine aid. He would fain have of thee some of those
wonderful papers whereby so many have become so sud-
denly rich ; and, for the sake of our old acquaintance, I
pray you pleasure him in this matter."
Then methought Mr. Scrip looked fixedly upon Scape-
grace, and shook his head consumedly. " The applica-
tions," said he, " are so numerous, that the Provisional
Committee have been compelled to decline many from
the most respectable quarters, and in all cases greatly to
restrict the amount allocated." But observing that Scape-
grace appeared much discomfited at these words, he said,
" Howbeit, as the man is a friend of thine, and this is the
first time he bath come to me. 1 will for this once do for
him according ta his wish." So, putting his hand into his
nether raiment, he pulled out certain slips of paper, and
put them into Scapegrace's hand, saying—" Take these,
and put them into 'the purse thou bearest with thee;
they are called after my name : a fortnight hence thou
wilt pay to me a deposit of twenty crowns thereon, hut
thereafter thou mayst sell them for ten times that sum."
" Alas, " cried Scapegrace, " for now I am utterly un-
done ! I have not a crown in the world, and how can I
pay the deposit !"
" Nay, neighbour, have a good heart," cried Stagman,
drawing him in a corner ; " long before the fortnight
comes, we shall have sold these papers to some other man,
who will pay the twenty crowns for thee, and give thee a
hundred beside for thy pains. At the worst, thou bast but
to burn thy papers and be seen no more of men, which, if
Gripeman should get hold of thee, would happen in any
wise. Take the papers, be of good comfort, thank Mr.
Scrip for his kindness, and tell him thou wilt call another
day with the twenty crowns."
So Scapegrace took the papers, and they thanked Mr.
Scrip, and went their way.

AN ANNUAL VISITOR.—We are beginning to look out
for the report of her Majesty's visit to Ireland, as it is
generally about this time of the year that it appears in the
ne .vspapers.—Punch.
THE RIVALS.—On Monday week, there was a holiday
at St. Stephens. There have been so many holidays lately,
that we really think Sir Robert Peel and Mr. Barry the
architect. have a bet pending as to who will persevere
longest in making "no House."—Punch.
It is said that so great was the muscular power of Dra-
gonetti's hand, that be has been known to go into a pub-
lic-house, ask for a pint of porter, and after drinking it,
squeeze the sides of the pewter pot together between his
fingers.

THE LIVERPOOL STAINIbARD.