The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1833-01-11 00:00:00

UNITED STATES.

•
By the packet-ship Caledonia, Capt. Grahani,-which
arrived here on Wednesday-afternoon, we have received
New York Papers to the 17th ult. inclusive.
The most important feature of their contents is a Pro-
clamation of the President, dated the 10th, issued in con-
sequence of the Ordinance, passed by the Convention of
the State of South Carolina, which we gave in our publi-
cation Of the Ist inst. This . document seems to hate
given general satisfaction throughout .the.northern States;
it is highly eulogised by the New York papers, as em-
bodying the sound constitutional principles- of the best
American statesmen.; those, however, who have hitherto
been most virulent in their opposition to General Jackson
and his government, cannot let slip the occasion which
it affords theni of taunting him with the inconsistency of
those views of the Constitution which the proclamation'
infolds with many of his former acts. In tnis spirit the
New York Commercial Advertiser remarks:—
" We hail the proclamation as the triumph, at least for the
time being, of suuna Finciples. When, moreover, we see it
proclaimed under the signaosro of .eladrew..Jaa/cs,m, that the
position "that any one State may not only declare an act of
Congress void, but prohibit its execution," is "A STRA-NGE
POSITION ;" when we haVe it proclaimed under the same au-
thority, that the Constitution means what its framers intended
it should mean, and that, consequently, "the laws of die, United
States, its Constitution, and treaties made under it, are the supreme
law of the. land—and for greater caution adds, "that the judges in
every State shall be bound thereby, any thing in •the Constitution
or ;laws of any State to the contrary tiotwithstanding;"—and
when, further, we find it proclaimed under the same authority,'
that " the laws of the United States must be executed; that his
duty is emphatically pronounced in the Constitution; and that he
has no discretionary power on the subject;" and when, moreover,
the President declares, as we have always held, that" NUllitlea-
Lion is TREASON," we hail such avowals as indications that the'
kitchen Cabinet has lost its power; that the day of Veto
Messages has gone by; the nullification is every where to
be put down ; that South Carolina is to be prevented
from committing actual nullification ' • that Georgia is to be
compelled to retrace her steps ; that the Supreme Court is to
be sustained; that the Missionaries are to be restored to free-
dom ; that the Surveyors are to be recalled from the Cherokee
country ; that the infamous land-lottery is to be stopped; that
the intercourse law 0f.1802 is again to be rigidly enforced; that
the Indians are to be protected in their rights; and finally, that
THE UNION IS yet TO BE PRESERVED."
A document so " lengthy" as the proclamation, it will
not of course be expected that we can insert entire, the
following abstract will serve to give our readers a tolera-
bly correct notion of the document itself : •

The preamble, having recited the Ordinances that
gave occasion to the issuing of the proclamation, pro-
ceeds :

" And whereas the said ordinance prescribes to the people of
South Carolina a course of conduct, in direct violation of their
duty as citizens of the United States, contrary to the laws of
their country, subversive of its constitution, and having for its
object the destruction of the union—that union, which,- coeval
with our political existence, led our fathers, without any other
ties to unite them than those of patriotism and a common cause,
through a sanmuinary struggle to a glorious independence—that
sacred union,%itherto inviolate. which, perfected by our happy
constitution, has brought us, by the favour of Heaven, to a
state of prosperity at home, and high consideration abroad,
rarely, if ever, equalled in the history of nations. To preserve
this Bond of our political existence from destruction, to main..
tain inviolate this state of national honour and prosperity, and
to justify the confidence my fellow-citizens have reposed us me,
I, Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, have
thought proper to issue this my proclamation, stating my views
of the constitution and laws applicable to the measures adopted
by the convention of South Carolina, and to the reasons they
have put forth to sustain them,_ declaring the course which duty
will require me to pursue, and appealing to the understanding
and patriotism of the people, warn them of the consequences
that must inevitably result from an observance of the dictates
of the convention.

" The Ordinance is founded, not on the indefeasible right of
resisting acts which are plainly unconstitutional, and too op-
pressive to be endured, but on the strange position that any one
State may not only declare an act of Congress void, but prohi-
bits its execution—that they may do this consistently with the
Constitution—that the true construction of that instrument per-
mits a State to retain its place in the Union, and yet be bound by
no other of its laws than those it may choose to consider as consti-
tutional. Is is true, they add, that to justify this abrogation of
a law, it must be palpably contrary to the Constitution; but it
is evident, that to give the right of resisting laws of that descrip-
tion, coupled with the uncontrolled right to decide what laws
deserve that character, is to give the power of resisting all laws.
For, as by the theory there is no appeal, the reasons alleged by
the State, good. or bad, must prevail. ' If it should be said that
public opinion is a sufficient check against the abuse of this
powei,, it ina.y be asked why it is not deemed a sufficient guard
against the passage of an unconstitutional act by Congress.
I here I.IR, however, a restraint in this last case, which snakes the
assumed power of a State more indefensible, and which does
not exist in the other. There are two appeals from an uncon-
stitutional act passed by Congress—one to the Judiciary, the
other to the people and the States. • There is no appeal from the
State decision in theory; and the practical illustration shows
that the courts are closed against an application to review
it, both judges and jurors being sworn to decide in its favour.
But reasoning ou this subject is superfluous, when our social
compact in express terms declares, that the laws of the United
States; its Constitution, and treaties made under it, are the su-
preme law of the land; and, for greater caution, adds, " that
the judges in every State. shall be bound thereby, any thing
in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary not-
withs .' ding." And it may be asserted, without fear of refu-
tatio itiat no Federative Government could exist without a
simil royision. Look for a moment to the consequence. if
Sout :rrolina considers the revenue laws unconstitutional,
and ;a right to prevent their execution in the port of Char-
iest° thve would be a clear constitutional objection to their
colk"
.11 in every other port, and no revenue could be col-
lecte 'illy. where; for all imposts must be equal. It is no an-
swer - repeat . that an unconstitutional law is no law, so long
as tli question of its legality is to be decided by the' State
itself; for. every law operating injuriously upon any 1060.1 inte-
rest, will be perhaps thought, and certainly represented, as un-
'constitutional; and, as has been shown, there is no appeal.
"It this doctrine had been established at an earlier day, the
Union, would have been dissolved in its infancy. The excise
law i ' 'Pennsylvania, the embargo and non-intercourse law in
I
the -, ,; . rnStates, the carriage tax in Virginia, were all deemed
unco : Ttutional, and were more unequal in their operation than
.any i 4 ' e laws now complained of; but, fortunately, none of those
State:4 iscovered that they had the right now claimed by South
Carolina. Thenwar into which we were forced, to support the
dignitv.orthe nation and the rights of our citizens, might have
ended4n• defeat and disgrace, instead of victory and honour, if
the Stales, who supposed it a ruinous and unconstitutional mea-
sure, had thought they possessedthe right of nullifying the act
by which it was declared, and denying supplies for its prosecu-
tion. - Ii artily and unequally as those measures bore upon seve-
ral numbers of the Unroll, to the legislatures of none did this
eflieient and peaceable remedy, as' it is called, suggest itself.
The.discovery of this important feature in our constitution was
reserved to the present day. To the statesmen of South Caro-
lina b'elongs the invention, -and upon the citizens of that State
wiNunfortunately fall the evils of reducing it to practice."

* * * * n
* * *
contiidar, then, the vowel. to anul a law or the United
`States,..assunied by one State, incyntpatiole with the existence of
the Ut+ien, contradicted expreiisly by lite letter of the constitution,
unata,aorized,by its spirit,.inconsistent with every principle on which
it was /banded, anddestructice of the great object for which it was
formed. ' '

The proclamation then proceeds-to a very minute and
elaborate " examination of the particular application
which is made in the ordinance of this, its leading
principle ;" the results of which are thtis briefly summed
up.

"This, then, is the position in which we stand. A small ma-
jority of the citizens of one State in the Union have elected de-
legates to a State Convention : that Convention bas ordained
that all the revenue laws of the United States must be repealed,
or that they are no longer a member of the Union. The Go
vernor of the State has recommended to the Legislature the
raising of an army, to carry-the secession into effect, and that
he may be empowered to give clearances to vessels in the name
of th State. No act of violent opposition to the laws has yet
been tnnmitted,. but such a state of things is hourly appre-
1,
bend ''. and it is the intent of this instrument to PROCLAIM not
only fiat the duty impeged on me
,by the Constitution "to take
ear 9 , w
t the laws be faithfully executed," shall be performed
to th lya
extent of the poers already invested in me
.by law, or
of su others as the wisdom of Congress shall devise, and en-
trust to me for the purpose; but to warn the citizens of South
Carol ua, phe have been deluded into an opposition to the laws
9f th danger they incur by obedience to the illegal and disor-
I
gani gprdinance. of the Convention—to exhort those who
have etused to support it to persevere in their determination to
tgilio the Constitution and laws of their country, and to point
out t all, the perilous situation into which the good people of
that tate have been led—and that the course that they had
urge to pursue is one of ruin and disgrace to the very State
whos 'rights they ailect to support."
Tf*ri follows a long and energetic appeal to the
peOpit of South Carolina and to the people of the States
geneially, on the subject,—(which the Commercial
ildridiliser. sarcastically observes, " will probably be re-
spoiled to with patriotic ardour, when nullification is
constitutionally put down in Georgia—and not till
,then.?? The following are the concluding passages of the
document:—

" r thow-citizens of the United States! The threat of unhal-
loweo'disquion—the names of those, once respected, by whom
it is utteyecf=the arrayof military force to support it—denote
the aproath of a crisis in our affairs on which the continuance
of our unexampled prosperity, our political existence, and per-
haps thit of all free governments may.depend. The coujunc-
thin demanded a free, a full, and explicit enunciation, not only
of jny intentions, but of my principles of action; and as the
claim was asserted of a right by a State to annul the laws of the
Union Stul'even- to secede from it at pleasure, -tt frank exposi-
tion of my opinions in relation to the origin and form of our
government, and the construction I give to the instrument by
whichit was created, seemed to be proper. Having the fullest
confidence in the justness of the legal and constitutional opinion
of my duties which has been expressed, I rely with equal con-
fidence on your undivided support in my determination to exe-
cute t4e laws—to preserve the Union by all constitutional means
—to arrest, if possible, by moderate but firm measures, the
necessity of a recourse to force; and, if it be the will of Heaven
that the recurrence of its primeval curse on man for the shed-
ding of a brother's blood should fall upon our land, that it be
not called dam by any offensive act on the part of the United
States.

..
" Fellow-eitmens ! The momentous case is before you. On
your undivided support of your government depends the deci-
sion of the great question it involves, whether your sacred Union
will be preserved, and the blessing it secures to us as one /Toe°
shall.be perpetuated. No one can doubt that the unanimity
wiilovhien that decision will be expressed, will be such as to
inspire new confidence in republican institutions, and that the
Truilence, the wisdom, and the courage which it will bring to
their defence, will transmit them unimpaired and invigorated to
our children.
" S. y the Great Ruler of Nations grant that the signal bles-
singbizwith which he has favoured ours, may not, by the madness
of pitrty or personal ambition, be disregarded and lost: and
may. is wise Providence bring those who have produced this
crisi 0 see the folly, before they feel the misery of civil strife:
nan
Ili lead 7 "
,spireoef attotaai
penetratel.,
attaining
returning
the hli vgisehuedr aost it
designs?i
no ni destinies
he has
othhliaash
it
ccUnionhholsveen
may wa
sh which,
hhr
e,e
aisf
owi
i onlye.
ab!y i4pize."

KENTUCKY.—A great and very respectable meeting was held
on the 17th ult. consisting of Guth political parties, against Nul.
lification, in Louisville; Kentuckv, at which were passed spi-
rited resolutions, solemnly protesting 'against the doctrines of
Nullification, as proposed by Sbuth Carolina, as calthlated, if
acted on, to effect a severance of the Union ; consider tho
claim setup by. the Nullifiers of South Carolina, to control the
action of the General Government, on the subject of protec,
tion to manufactures, unreasonable and revolutionary in its
nature; view the Unimin. as a perpetual compact, which can only
be altered or amended in the mode pointed out in the constitu-
tion; and. declare that in a republic, the popular will expressed
in laws, which have received the sanction of all the departments
of the government, are obligatory upon all, and cannot be con-
stitutionally resifted by a Minority.. the preambie.concludes
with the following eloquent declaration of the course that Ken-.
tuckv will take in the anticipated conflict:—She never will
unfurl the flag of rebellion in unholy war against our National
Government—and for ourselves, much as we love our brethren
in South Carolina, if we are. compelled to select between our
National Confederacy and a rebelliour and seceding, member
thereof—between the Constitutional supremacy of the laws and
the right to Nullify them at pleasure—our devoted love of
country, and the recollection of the blood and sufferings'which
it cost to achieve our present -happiness .and freedom, would
induce us, unhcsitatingiy, to declare, for the integrity of our'
National Union, and the strength, prolieiity and glory, which
it alone can,co‘ife&!..'
MEx teo...iatiglitiek t ship Vll.ginia '2Ol
18th ult. Advices had been. received from Gen. St. tth. Ole
15th, at which time he was fourteen leagues north or• the city
of Mexico with SOOO men. Some accounts ,say io,tko. Bust-t-
-mente is two leagues from Tula - (six or eight leagues from
Santa Anna;) with 2000.
VERA CRUZ, Nov. 17.—Generals Montezuma and Cuesto
were near Queretaro on the Ist, with 2000 men; and ox the 2d,
with the same force near San Juan del Rio, 30 leagues -or more
from the capital.
An express from Orizaba last night, brought the news of a
capitulation between Bringas, (commander of a government
division,) and Torrens, in virtue of which the former will de-
clare in favour of Gen. Pedraza in a neighbouring town. There
are only 3000 men in the capital.
BUENOS AYRES AND MONTE VIDEO:—The following extracts
are from the New York Gazette :—The news from Monte Video
was to Sept. 8, at which period, the forces under Gen. Lavelliga
had been dispersed in a variety of movements, many of his in-
surgent troops having given up their arms.- Their commanderhad signified his intention of returning to Buenos Ayres.—
Measures had been adopted at Monte Video-and Buenos Ayres,
to quarantine all vessels from places infected with the cholera.
The .brig Fairy had arrived at Monte Video from Liverpool,
without a bill of health, and was quarantined.—The wife of Gen.
Lavelliga, it was supposed, would soon be released from her con-
finement, as the design of her husband was entirely frustrated.

Extract of a letter received from Bermuda, dated November 39
" The Winchester is gone to Jamaica, with the head-quarters of the
37th Regiment. The Fly arrrett here-on the 22nd of October, and
proceeded on theWth to JamAica, with two companies of the 37th Re-
giment. The North Star arrived from Halifax on the 31st of October,
and proceeded on the 3rd of November to Jamaica. Yhe Monkey
tender, arrived on the 3rd of November, and is now refitting. The
Tweed arrived on the 11th of November, and sailed or! the 13th for
the West Indies. The Nimble schooner arrived on the 13th of No-
vember, and is now refitting. The Pincher arrived on the 27th, and
is waiting the departure of the Monkey to be refitted also. The Rev-
nard packet arrived here with the mail, from England, on the 19th 'of
October, and sailed on the 21st. The Tam O'Shanter storeship ar-
rived from England, with provisions, on the 18th of November,
and will return on the 2nd of December, via Jamaica. The Ecibse
packet arrived on the 10th of November from England, having teucned
at Halifax, and Sailed on the 12th. Vice-Admiral Colimys was buried
on the llth inst." _ _

PENUITII, JAN. G.—MELANCHOLY ACCIDENT.—About four
o'clock this afternoon (Sunday,) while a number of boys were
sliding on the fish-ponds in front of Brougham-hall, the ice
broke, and eight fell into the water, nine feet deep. Three of
them owe their lives principally to the exertions of a waggone, .
the Brougham-hall coachman, and Mr. Jackson, surgeon of
Penrith. Mr. James Brougham, M. P., was likewise on the
spot, and rendered every possible assistance, but tho other five
were not got out till life was totally extinct. Three of these
unfortunate youths were from Penrith ; the remaining two be-
longed to the neighbouring_ village of Eamont Bridge.—Globe.
DEATH IN A RIOT.—We last week gave the result of an in-
quest taken at Newton Regis, in this county, before Mr. Hunt,
the coroner, on the body of Joseph Glover, an aged man, who
was unfortunately killed during the electioneering disturbance '
at Nuneaton on the 21st ult. In the course of the inquiry,
S. S. Baxter, Esq., the agent of Sir Eardley Wilmot, at Nun-
eaton, was examined as to the state of the town previous to
the calling in of the military. This gentleman deposed that
so violent were the mob at one time, that had it not been for
two of Mr. Heming's committee, he himself should have been
murdered; that the state of the town until the soldiers came
was riotous; and that when the cry of "coalition" was raised
they proceeded to beat the voters; and, in his opinion, the lives
of many were in danger, and the military was the only power
that could save them. When the soldiers came into the town
they were assailed by sticks and stones, and they trotted out
of the town again. He never saw men assail soldiers so before.
In half an hour after he saw the military return from the Attie-
borough-road, headed by Mr. Inge and Colonel Newdigate, and
the town was then in a state of riot. In summing u e Coro-
ner referred to the evidence of two respectable witness's, who
stated that the deceased was knocked 01-n by
others dep_osed that he was struck by one of the soldiers with his
the mob, while
sword. He also alluded to the testimony of Mr. I3axter, who
declared that the town was in a state of riot, and thatytrfoiemlitchees
of the peaceably disposed were in imminent danger.
whole of the evidence, he (the Coroner)) .aid the al rPeltod'Cti"
his mind was, that the deceased was neitoheerestruck nol) attempteg.',.*lP\
k d dowp the 'no 7N..si 1
to be struck at all, but that he was kit
as they were running to escapei .frx
,th e soldiers, or -• out; 'API' ,:,,., .
the soldiers' horses coming
.si WI 13 and unexp9cte )- up4s't
him, in which case he met his death accidentally. '.. Aftv ati* ',Hip ,44
a minute's cons , , ideration the jury returned a vetliet-4/c kll.&G.„,ri . '
cidental death."—Birmingham Gazette. • 5-'... 4....t..,..f.' ....v,.1"'":k 7.114.4 !-,4
flr ' '3
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