The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-11-07 00:00:00

TO CAPITALISTS

ELIGIBLE INVESTMENT, NEAR THE LI-
VERPOOL EXCHANGE.
THE following PROPERTY will be offered for SALE
by AUCTION, in Liverpool, in the month of De-
cember next, viz.: /
All that extensive Range of BUILDINGS, called
el:
" ATHERTON'S BUILDINGS," on 6 north side of
Dale-street, in Liverpool, consisting f Warehouses,
t Shops, and Counting-houses, togethe with several ad-
joining Dwelling-houses, in Hackin
-hey and Leather-
lane, the whole yielding an annual rental of about £l2OO.
The entire Property contains 1130 square yards of
Land, of which about 756 are Freehold of Inheritance,
and the remainder are Leasehold, under the Corporation
of Liverpool, for the remainder of a term of 75 years,
commencing in 1810.

The Property has three frontages, namely, to Dale-
street, Hackin's-hey, and Leather-lane, and its contiguity
to the Exchange renders it an advantageous site for the
erection of an Hotel, or of a range of Offices or other
Buildings connected with commercial purposes.
A Ground Plan may he seen and further particulars
obtained on application to WILLIAM ATFIERTON, Esq.,
Dale-street ; or to Messrs. CARSON and Ems, Solicitors,
3, Sweeting-street, Liverpool.

Vir Messrs. PERRY and Co. have REMOVED their
Establishment from Birmingham to 19, Berners-street,
Oxford-street, London.
Just published, the 13th edition,
Sold by T. Newton, 16 and 29, Church-street, Liverpool,
Price 2s. 6d., and sent free to any part of the kingdom
ni7
on receipt of a Postoffice Order for 3s. 6d.
THE SILENT FRIEND ; a Medical W' rk, on '.ner-
vous Debility, and Disorders arising f man Impure
State of the Blood, embellished with E avings, repre-
senting the deleterious effects of Mercury on the Skin,
by Eruptions on the Head, Face, and Body ; followed by
Observations on Marriage. By R. L. PERRY & CO.,
Consulting Surgeons, LONDON.
Published by the Authors, and sold by Strange, 21,
Paternoster-row ; Field, 65, Quadrant, Regent-street ;
Purkis, Compton-street, Soho ; Phillips, 264, Oxford-
street; Jackson & Co., 130, New Bond-street, London;
Gordon', 146, Leadenhall-street ; Cattermole, 17, Ratcliff-
highway ; Stroud, 163, Blackfriars-road ; Dredge, 67,
Whitechapel, High-street, London ; Guest, 51, Bull-
street, Birmingham ; Heaton and Buckton, Briggate,
Leeds ; Courier-office, Manchester; and by all Book-
sellers in Town and Country.

The CORDIAL BALM of SYRIACUM is a gentle
stimulant and renovator of the impaired functions of
life, and is, therefore, calculated to afford decided relief
to those who have fallen into a state of chronic debility.
It possesses wonderful efficacy in all cases of syphilis,
fits, head-ache, weakness, heaviness and lowness of spi-
rits, dimness of sight, confused thoughts, wanderings of
the mind, vapours, and melancholy ; and all kinds of
hysteric complaints are gradually removed by its use.
In Bottles, price Ifs., or the quantity of four in one
Bottle for 335., by which one 11s. Bottle is saved. Sold
by all Medicine Vendors, of whom may be had the " SI-
LENT FRIEND." The £5 Cases may be had as usual.
PERRY'S PURIFYING SPECIFIC PILLS,
Price 2s. 9d., 4s. 6d., and lls. per box,
Warranted not to contain Copaiba, Cubebs, or Mer-
cury, are of the utmost importance to those afflicted with
Scorbutic Affections, Eruptions in any part of the body.
Ulcerations or Scrofulous Taint, Pimp, &c., being justly
calculated to cleanse the blood from all foulness, counter-
act every morbid affection, and restore weak and emaci-
ated constitutions to pristine health and vigour.
Messrs. Perry and Co., Surgeons, may be consulted,
as usual, at No. 19, Berners-street, Oxford-street, Lon-
don,i punctually from Eleven o'clock in the Morn-
ing until Eight in the Evening, and
on Sundays from
Eleven till One. Only one personal visit is required from
otnrdy
every Druggoitts,r
a country patient, to enable Messrs. Perry and Co. to
cute,ll be theft
after
means s
other
eeffecting s a
have
proved advice
effectual as will
i,
proved ineffectual.
N.B.—Country 13.sJh3000pkkseeelpleerrsc,aPnabteenstul1pIpelideid-
cVendors,—Cu na
with any quantity of Perry's Purifying Specific Pill 3, and
Cordial Balm of Syriacum, with the usual allowance to
the
.Trade, by most of the principal 'Wholesale Patent
Medicine Houses in London.
Sold by Messrs. EvANs and Co., Druggists, Lord-
street, Mr. PRIESTLEY, Chemist, Lord-street, and Mr.
W. RAWLE, Chemist, 17, Church-street, Liverpool.

br &alb.

48 ft. 1 in

55 ft. 4 in

Containing about 1757
Square Yards.

37 ft. Bin

1 (70 ii
I Pi

TO be
as per
a Brewery,

TitheUarn-street.
SOLD, an eligible Plot of Freehold LAND.
the above Sketch, suitable for the erection of
Warehouses, or Sheds.

. •
For further particulrs apply at the Office of T. A.
DALE, 31, Barned-buildings, Sweeting-street, Castle-
street.

Co in Krt.

TO be LET, at Seaeombe, a neat CO TAGE,
FUR-
NISHED Or UNFURNISHED, fr.r ing the River,
pleasantly situated, and about three nutes' walk from
the Ferry.
Apply to STRINGER and MANN, Seel-streef, Liverpool.
TO be LET, a well-accustomed Lice PUBLIC-
HOUSE, in a densely populate neiv,hbourhood,
doing a good Trade, and to be parted with solely on ac-
count of the death of the late occupier. Rent and
Coming-in moderate.
Apply to EDWARD SMITH, 34, Comus-street.

3insurantr o tirrs.

ROYAL FARMERS' AND GENERAL F E AND
LIFE INSURANCE INSTITUTI N.
EMPOWERED BY SPECIAL ACT OF PA lAMENT.
CAPITAL, £500,000.

OFFICES, STRAND, LO.IPON.

HONORARY
Duke of Rutland, K.G.
The Earl of Stamford and

Warrington.
Earl of Stradbroke,

Earl Ducie

DIRECTORS.
Viscount Torrington
Viscount Carnpden.

Lord Rayleigh.
Lord Feversham

i Lord Stanley, M.P.

Earl of Stair.
And Seventy-two other Members of Parliament and
Gentlemen.

THE Proprietary of this Company exceeds 1960 in
number.
The share of Public Favour this Institution has obtained
proves the appreciation of its system by a numerous body
of insurers.

Every kind of Life Insurance, of Deferred and Imme-
diate Annuities, and of Endowments for Children, may
be accomplished at this Office on terms as low as is con-
sistent with security.
A Dividend of Four per Cent. is now in course of pay-
ment to the shareholders in this office. A BONUS of
one-half the profits on LIFE POLICIES held by Share-
holders, and effected since the Ist January, 1843, will be
given at the end of every Five Years, by addition to the
sum assured, or by reduction of premium. In order to
insure the benefit of the first quinquennial division, Po-
licies must be effected before the Ist January, 1844.

Detailed Prospectuses may be obtained at the Office, or
will be forwarded, post free, upon application.
In the Fire Department, Insurances are effected at the
lowest rates. The usual Commission to Solicitors.
Agents are appointed in all the Principal Towns in the
Kingdom, and where Agents are not appointed, persons
in active life, and desirous of being appointed, may apply
to W. SHAW, Managing Director.

DISEASED AND HEALTHY LIVES ASSURED.
MEDICAL,
INVALID, AND GENERAL LIFE OFFICE,
25, PALL MALL, LONDON.

CAPITAL, £500,000.
THIS Office is provided with very accurately constructed
Tables, by which it can ASSURE DISEASED LIVES
on Equitable Terms.
._._ . _ _

The Extra Premium discontinued on restoration of the
Assured to permanent health.
Larger Annuities granted on unsound, than on sound
Lives, the Premium being equal ; or an equal Annuity
for a smaller Premium, the amount varying with the
particular disease. This advantage in fa bur of Invalids
is not conceded by other Offices.
Members of CONSUMPTIVE FAMILI assured at Equi-
table Hates.
HEALTHY LIVES are Assured at ower Rates than at
most other Offices.

Policies of twelve months' standing are not affected by
Suicide, Duelling, 4.c. ; and Assigned Policies are valid
from the date of the Policy, should death ensue from any
of these causes. F. G. P. NEISON, Actuary.

LIVERPOOL AGENTS:
OCTAVIUS WATERHOUSE, 1, Oldhall-street
A. HIGGINSON, Esq., 1, Mornington Terrace.

DISTRICT AGENTS :
Blackburn—Mr. J. Parkinson, Chemist, 1, Church-street.
Bolton-le-Moors—J. Taylor, Esq., Coroner.
Carlisle—John Reed Donald, Esq., Solicitor.
Clitheroe—James Garsting, Esq., Surgeon.
Lancaster—Mr. Y. Welch, Sharebroker, Penny-street.
Leeds—Messrs. J. and H. Richardson, Solicitors.
J. Beetham, Esq., 3, Cross-street, Market-
Manchester street, and Mr. C. Pennington, 70, Hard-
man-street, Deansgate.
Newcastle-on-Tyne—Anthony Atkinson and Co., 43,
Sandhill.
Penrith—S. Evens, Esq., Cumberland Union Bank.
Preston—W. 0. Jones, Esq., 25, Frenchwood-street.
Rotherham—Wm. Fretwell Hoyle, Esq., Solicitor.
Sheffield—Mr. W . Spencer,, Accountant, Fargate.
Stockton-on-Tees—Mr. J. R. Harding, Chemist, High-
street.

SCOTTISH (Winows' FUND) LI FE ASSURANCE,
FOUNDED A.D. 1815,
UPON THE PRINCIPLE OF MUTUAL CONTRIBUTION.

CONSTITUTED BY ACT OF PARLIAMENT

THE WHOLE SURPLUS FUNDS which remain after
making provision for the claims of the Society, BE-
LONG TO THE ASSURED. /

At 31st December, 1838, it was ascertairfed on investiga-
tion, that the Surplus Fund amounted to very nearly

- £280,000,
And it was sufficient to enable the Directors, after setting
aside upwards of £90,000, AS A GUARANTEE FUND,
to declare and provide for the following additions :
1. An addition at the rate of Two per Cent. per annum,
for the period from 31st December, 1831, or 14 per
Cent. on the accumulated amount of the original
Sum assured, and the previously declared addi-
tions ; or about 19 per Cent. on the Capital Sum
assured by the early Policy holders.
And in order to provide for the case of those
parties who may die before 31st December,
1845, when thg next investigation and decla-
ration of Surplus is made, there was provided
further,
2. An addition at the rate of Two per Cent. per annum,
on the accumulated amount of the original Assur-
ance, and previously declared additions, for each
Premium that may be paid after 31st December,
1838, provided the party die before 31st December,
1845, having been insured at least five years, this
addition, supposing the case of a party insured in
the early years of the Society's existence, to die
after payment of the premium for the year 1845
would be for the seven years from 31st December,
1838, to 31st December, 1845, upwards of 21 per
Cent. on the original Assurance.
£lBO9 Bs. 7d.
Thus if a party aged 20 had assured for £lOOO in the year
1818, and were to die after payment of the premium for
1845, being then aged 47, his representatives would get
If
nohe
wouldlhe sasdb teahsasnu
If he bad assured in 1825, when 27, and dxieeddmaa3:644l77:,.tthh2eedy;
thenre
d in entitledlB3tdoiitf ofwd
nine-tenths
desired,
The and di
would be
Et entitled
ttl
hititelmeedsx,
extent
eao
nu
£1338 Ils. 9tl'.
The proportion of the Surplus Fund allocated to each Po
FU-
TURE, R
The party may BORROW UPON THE SECURITY F
licy,mpya,y, be applied towards REDUCTION TAE FUrs-
the amount.)
of the value (not

CAPITAL ACCUMULATED AND INVESTED,
UPWARDS OF
ONE MILLION THREE HUNDRED THOUSAND
POUNDS.
ANNUAL REVENUE UPWARDS OF
TWO HUNDRED THOUSAND POUNDS.
HEAD OFFICE, EDINBURGH,
5, ST. ANDREW-SQUARE,.
JOHN MACKENZIE, Manager.

BELL, GOULDIE, and Co., Exchange-place,
Agents for Liverpool.

--------------- ws.
HALL• speedo°
e re 50.
THE Members of the above Order aro
of lbe 0
ON SALE, a first-rate CABRIOLET, complete, as informed, that a PUBLIC MEETIN , . gaet,“
V--/ good as new, al a very low price, the Owner having ciety will be held on WEDNESDAY, the 29ta °OSP"'
ON tig.
never used it, and has no need of the saw. INDEPENDENT
ODD FELL
ORDER Rw. OF F, ODD
Seven o'clock in the Evening, in the NELS rolete
_,
To be seen at Mr. GORST'S, GreattCharlotte-street, BLY-ROOMS, LORD NELSON-STREET, t° ° ` Or
Y all D 9
from whom all particulars are to be obtained.
FELLOWS'South
Castle-street.
ue..
List of Shareholders, and to make the neces_aa_r an 0 ,„
TO THE SCHOLASTIC PROFESSION. ments for urchasing the said building to,,..orest P.
Any Member desirous to take Shares o,,u,a„el.ol''
THE PRINCIPAL of a very flourishing BOARDING
/ leu
and DAY SCHOOL, most eligibly situ ted in the the subject are earnestly invited/to attend•
_btaio e,,,,,
neighbourhood of Liverpool, being about t etire from
whom he can confidently recommend. Gentleman of
business, is desirous of meeting with a CCESSOR, information by applying at the Offices, 14, Liu r
11051
siltrAeeLt.L, when all ,tivho feel an I" ,
By order of the Coanittee,..„. .00
superior professional qualifications woul find this a very
favourable opportunity for establishing himself. Prov. C.S. ANDSecretary
Apply to Mr. JOSEPH CRISP, Clerical and Scholastic
Agent, Commercial Hall, Lime-street, Liverpool.

Communications, with Repo
Speedily will be published, price AND 00.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE RISE wro.
Iti soci
to the Author, at Reading,
N., GRESS OF BENEFITBUILAING
BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES,
By JOHN ttICHAR DS, ,JoN., F.Aclatiogo
Solicitor to the Reading Bene t/uilding Asa°,9 of
tbe
• of the progreded, 1064
several Societies, of which aList will be aPPeuckiresse
particularly requested to be forwarded forthwith, a 4011'
ledged. and
PELHAM RICHARDSON, COMbill, L011(1011 ;
other Booksellers. which will be duly se

This day is
ERRORS' , whoilt
t:
d the
published,Tß A C
PartTAR I A
4,N iEs
.R6Rd
.0,
/ e. ,o
one vol., cloth, 55., ri/ Intend 0.
ESSAY
for FAMILY READINW ~thel"lnstri
comae ct the errors of the " Traer-g„`„, of iyi„,
Inscribed, by permission, to the Lor i,5°141111.,.,,J'',/t0
and Raphoe. •By the Rev. JAME OP''''' cron"
lexica Se
Curate of Templemore; f I cts,3tl.
the •
Kildare-place Society. °rmer
state fill dards
Two of the Essays are üblished in seP, s Stan ~ ea
each. One on the FathePrs, in reference plod °Oen ,
of the Churches of England and Rome„,; au, Serrl:,:ii.ei
the Lord's Supper, in reference to Dr. ruse" !C01..., rgb;
Co.
London : F. BAISLER, 124, Oxford-stree. 'fob
o. and ROBERTSON, Dublin OT'
and BRYCE, Glasgow: ;1,014°
A NI
HODGSON'S 110,-/- a• 1
LIVE
' To/
50, CHURCH-STREET,
AI R. HODGSON (AUCTIONEER and
to palk
Iv .1. respectfully invites the attention of
his SPLENDID Establishment, l
l-, ,0001,
50, CHU RCH. STRD.:' phi evt tbos
which is allowed to be the most estesil-the luar
00rinS
and excelled by few in the Metropolis; ~f ,
affording to purchasers the best opportunitri,VP
HOUSEHOLD GOODS AND s .Of
~, TOO ' inrerti
ON THE MOST ADVANTAGE- $ll -61' L,- le
Ore ~ in in
as every article which domestic c ~isira.
wealth command is exhibited to e ' fort°
variety. ;,,, cilitis"reae:i
The Rooms are unusually lofty, givmfa niaa-jurbet•l3
display of every description of Coods• r'''' t. ene,oepl
the first Sale-room exceeds 90 feet by 2010. Wi,P,,atfle
Anti-rooms each 70 feet by 17 feet, toy the tbeauctid fa;
cious Warehouse contiguous which havileale°,ls,4erers
of being on the ground floor,, are bette`gstailev;hiout
Sales of HOUSEHOLD
STOCKS. GLASS, CHINA, &e. 1118-
Mr. HODGSON has built a CornanOdioos,
i b cllf If ;
PICTURE GALLEItI at 01 it 01,-4
at the rear of his Premises, Church-stlieVor ro'fftj,
lights, &c., essential for the proper n'srf ?iv" revers PO
CLASS PAINTINGS,) for the reception ° s prey firle
thus a$
and other VALUABLE PROPERTY, g.,- 0 ftb. ,
bes"
the POSSIBILITY OF ACCIDENT to the 14- be
if t
COSTLY ARTICLES entrusted to his care. ~tirie. 00-8'
of proe'other
Mr. HODGSON having
facilities
cell as
manufactured Modern Furniture, as : e
boic
solicits the attention of 110, the ° 00
FAMILIES FURNISH., A, in ~,eO
to whom every accommodation is afforoeut ativanb,tolteso
of articles from the Mart, on the nicsebesussseri°%
terms. His long experience in the busine„ereets,„e prae'
a guarantee for every attention to their in; theto'il'ioitaste;
those who may have occasion to Pur,„siletc_!,4ol cAarest
tice too frequently adopted of procurlnk in LP- the -to
manufactured by unskilled artificers, le iee /0,4000
attended with an immense pecuniary see„ipinat'
instance, and a serious loss eventuallY,"."
$
the material by the manufacturer. • ,rlO4
NTI
of
Among the Stock tIJIL.. 00,
FASHIONABLE HOUSEHOLD "scriPti°S or
will be generally found a superior cle,vro , 1,0
.14 '. riffu, Or
SUPERB DRAWING-ROu''': die " So ,
of real and imitation Rosewood; conaPr'scoeche,eas°ll
Chairs,,,eos, 01,
Work, Flower, and other Tables,
Tea Poys, Chiffonniers, b •es Scr-
, Canter nil ,
135 PS.
&c. &c. ,-, cOFA c .res,
FOLDING CHAIRS ANv -,rsicidg 001 9
THE MAHOGANY Alt" ise Sec..ohe '
are of a very superior kii d, and coroPrbio We' Sag/
Pedestal and Cellaret Sideboards, D°nembreightilcifrlt
Trafalgar and other Chairs, Sofa, ?sofas, ',."5-, r"„do
Screen, and Work Tables, Couches, proice'.eSte"
Chairs, Cribs, Swing Cots. Chests f,_tgast
Commodes, Bidets, Hat Stands, Bootracgo
and Stools,

SUPERB CHIMNEY
of
Brussels,
CHlNPress BED
BATH OR
and a large AssortmentWELL-SEASONED
EtoNa
yo.NCe :_c:CarsTriFF IDOEpAA::I,
TRofoSrie'
in el 1, :lir
STEAO'bit, 13Dm"
of every kin
Ti,ET
A.ll,NeGnaT(te:
jturc.elTss e,
A.
ocsiauasi
tnißhAdi
_Pf ir:10y1
nal
jci sic; si
ti ;1101:00,
sc.
e
CARRIAGES, sod , ,
of the
Figured mtio sEtAa
apßrn
HEARTH
ipv
leadßiCnauAnFd(
osfPo•
rEAhal:NnidnvNa t.edri 0 'cj'l te

---
Mr. HODGSON continues to appropriate

„%lov. 7 1543.

44/I1 NOTICE.
diva° - WAISTLE, late a Clerk in my employ, is
and I request that any persons indebted
—ll°t pay Money to him on my account.

W. iROCTBECK

'<7ll.street, Oct. 28, 1843.
lIAR
LP PHILLIPS, Esq., one of her Majesty's
Illitey,Ttns.sioners authorized to act under a fiat in bank-
°caring date the 10th day of August, 1833, awarded
7tl forth against ALLAN ENGLAND POW-
liti't°„'Liverpool, in the county of Lancaster, merchant,
TRURSbAY, the 23d day of ›royember instant, at
pirtu clock in the forenoon preursely, at the Court of
K44/4eai)-ILeY, in Castle-street, ingLiverpool aforesaid, to
'4l kid` ',NAL DIVIDEND of the estate and effects of
wgankrupt, when and where the creditors, who
adyprove proved their debts, are to come prepared
Zeti,iuc same, or they will be excluded the benefit of
wed
mividend ; and all claims not then proved will be
•

BOOKER, Solicitor,

lbe h INSOLVENT DEBTORS,
%t eard, at the Court-house, at LIVEItPOOL, on
he 481)Av, the 28th day of November, 1843, at Ten
lettNrning precisely :
a'tir DAVENPORT, formerly of 24, York-street,
Zet,'bwitih? same time carrying on business in Oldham-
get depth in Manchester, as a tailor and draper and
Oesiaat r, afterwards of Dale-.street, then of
ftus-
Os Newton in Manchester, tailordraper, a er-
V Heath, carrying on business at the same
itetwarduldham-street„Manchester, tai or and draper,
IfNas BOf 42, York-street, tailo in odgings, then of
or ;street, both in Manchester, lin Lancashire,
JtlCterwards of Macclesfield, Ch h e, tailor, then of
1,,:=149,reet, Manchester, tailor, ll odgi gs, afterwards
otp ?to-street, Manchester, cutler out to a tailor and
itter. 'Zen of Hotham-street, Liverpool, Lancashire,
oPtin% to a tailor and draper, in lodgings, afterwards
tueld-street, out of employment, then of Chris-
et, then of Gerard-street, tailor
• oftds of 80, Christian-street, tailor
Clare-street, Liverpool aforesaid, tailor, in
killoo „.--ENNETT, formerly of Boundary-street, Li_
tt,Ni..tancashire, milk retailer, afterwards of 52,
11:44 r et, and late of 17, Redmond-place, Circus-
' all in •
Liverpool aforesaid, milk retailer and
it 101.),T.
10,1110D-',S JONES, formerly of Saint D-
Vt b' hear Liverpool, Lancashire, labia,
Lthibl retail, afterwards of the same
No 4r then
of Walton-on-the-Hill,
let I and late of Bevington-street, Eve'.
,i,qieltiforesaid, labourer.
trit r'S *FORMBY, formerly of Highfield-street, Li-
-1,44
0, 01 ti the county of Lancaster. cowkeeper and dairy-
eer,,ellof Arley-street, in Liverpool aforesaid, cow-
Zge,..", dairyman, and late of Arley-street aforesaid,
14A,,,1tt no business.
ilLe) 'ON KENNEY,
Odit—istirtleYrnan butcher,
LS "'street, then in lodgings in Peter-swop,,,
~‘teoyl)l3l.lPiiich-street, afterwards of Norris's-place, and
Nihu, ?andary-place, Liverpool, Lancashire, journey-
totLener.
LIAM LENNOX, formerly in lodgings in Vic-
ee
it 447 Cazneau-street, T•iverpool, Lancashire, jour.
cehi4
itailor, afterwards in lodgings in Renshaw-street
Ltiamqgings in Lydia Ann-street, and late in lode
ttpa-coirt, Circus-street, all in Liverpool •
i4°4llZ.
HOUGH, formerly of .
:11011p;', Liverpool', Lancashire, shopman to a b.
h.ret,7B,ton dealer, afterwards of Naylor-street, a la-
NI, all
T 1 lodgings, and late of Barton's-court, Vauxhall-
4014p,,Liverpool, a labourer, in lodgings.
ti 31ORRIS, formerly of Addison-street, Liver-
alleashire, welidier in her Majesty's Customs,
k, r" of Ben Johnson-street, Liverpool, labourer, in
'1":•'0148, and late of Wesley-place, Gay-street, in Liver-
Iknsaid, labourer, in lodgings, (sued and committed
zqurraq

n lodgings,

and draper, and

r and beer:

censed

near Liverpool,

formerly of Seacombe, Che-

ftervrards

APPEAL CASE

Tht LIVERPOOL AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY CO.,
APPELLANTS; THE OVERSEERS OF THE TOWNSHIP

OF WAVERTREE, RESPONDENTS

At the Kirkdale Sessions on Saturday last, an appeal
case, which had excited considerable interest amongst
railway proprietors, was heard before the Rev. Jonathan
Brooks, the Chairman, the Rev. Miles Formby, and
Thos. Rawson, Esq. The general plea of the appellants
was that they were overrated, and that the principle of
the rate was erroneous.

Nelson's-court, Vaux-

GAL,SWORTHY and NICHOLS,
9, Cook's-court, Lincoln's Inn, London, for
SHELMERDINE, L

Trpool

MISCELLANEOUS

Mr. Wilkins appeared for the appellants, and Mr. Hul-
ton for the respondents. The solicitors for the appellants
were Messrs. Clay and Swift; and for the respondents,
Messrs. Leigh and Eaton.
The due publication of the rate having been admitted by
the appellants, and the service of the notices of appeal
admitted by the respondents, the question was agreed on
both sides to be tried on its merits.

Mr. HULTON briefly stated the case. The appeal was
against the parochial rate, laid upon that part of the
railway passing through the township of Wavertree, and
the length of which was 1 mile, 4 furlongs, and 193 yards
—the whole length of the line from Liverpool and Man-
chester being 31 miles. It was at first considered the
more convenient mode to take it at so much a mile, and
the calculation cat.-1:: to a mileage on the whole line; but
Mr. Justice-Denman had in the case of the London and
South Western Railway (to Southampton) decided other-
wise, and ruled that it should be on tolls or income in
each parish, and that the rate on each should be apportioned
to the amount of traffic on that part of the line within
it ; and also that if a trade was increased by buildings, they
were to be rated also, the property being rateable on a trade
not only carried on thereon,but thereby. His clients, there-
fore took into consideration the whole earnings along the
line as the basis. They took the company's reports,admitted
to be correct, and found that in 1842, they received in all
£237,822—a year not the most favourable, owing to the
depression of trade, and the disturbances in the manufac-
turing districts. They allowed for expenses and deprecia-
tion, and after all deductions, the rateable sum was found
to be between £2,000 and £3,000 a mile. This applied
to the whole length of the line, but he should show that
the Wavertree part was the most valuable of the whole—
much more valuable than any part eastward of the Grand
Junction and other lines branching, from it. Wavertree
had earned more than any part eastward of Chat Moss,
for there was not only a line coming into it from Birming-
ham, but also the Preston line. The calculations had been
made by Mr. Wightman, a competent person. The com-
pany had laat year, notwithstanding its being admitted to
be unfavourable, divided 10 per cent. on their capital, and
they had paid the rates with which they had been charged
(though not, he admitted, without some grumbling) since
the year 1836. He then called
John Wightman, surveyor to the parish of Liverpool,
who stated that he surveyed all the rateable property of
the town. He had made an estimate of the rateable value
of the railway. He found the gross receipts of 1842 to be
£237,822, under the three heads of coaching, merchandise,
and coals. The total expense for that year was £113,205.
The Grand Junetioneompanv paid them a rental of £17,727,

and he was himself a shareholder in that line. The total
net proceeds for the line f0r1842 without including the rental
from the Grand Junction was £124,617. He had allowed
for depreciation of moveable stock (engines, carriages,
&c)., £3,380, supposing the whole to be worth £67,600,
and taking five.per cent. He had also allowed a sum of
£1,046 for depreciation of rails, calculating 235 tons of
rails to a mile, which, at £8 a ton, would cost £l,BBO,
and, as a matter of opinion, he thought they would last
twenty years, and when replaced by others at that time
would be worth one half—supposing the metal to be then
of its present value. He also allowed for a sinking fund.
He had in this item calculated 33 miles of rails—inclu-
ding the tunnels—though there were but 31 miles of di-
rect railway. That made £1,046, or £3l 14s. a mile.
He allowed £21,000 for rent of buildings, &c. He had
calculated the cost to be £420,000, five per cent. on which
made the £21,000. This value was derived from the rail-
way. He considered that a fair value for the tenants,
and could not well call it more. The warehouses, &c.,
were only valuable as connected with the railway, and
were not worth more. He had allowed tenants' profits at
£21,376, or 20 per cent. upon the nett profits of the com-
pany and themselves—namely, £106,890. The gross de-
duction on the whole property he took to be £46,802.
£77,815 divided by 31 made £2,500 per mile, and the
rateable charge made to the company was only £2,200 per
mile. _ _ _

ty Whole members returnedto the council in Ste
'Were4itt: conservatives.
l'a ALE
kfart Rs IN GERMAN-Y.—A. paragraph in the
't‘tt ame Zeitung, dated Cologne, Oct. 26, mentions
• , Iris
i_escription has been opened in that city in aid of
,tir ~,° rePealers.
''gett ::',ert Peel is expected in town the beginning of
et e„Fit- The right hon. baronet and most of the ca-
rd Val/liters have accepted invitations to dine with the
I -•LaYer Elect at Guildhall, on the 9th of November.
tae 444, p
1 ix_ . ARISHES.--The following four parishes are
, tiezyst thinly inhabited in England :—Aldrington,
:ette,,' el • Creslow, -Berks, 6 ; Broadfield, Herte, 6 ;
‘•"kr p..., u'seex, 7-; which is only twenty inhabitants in
T 4 '"'lsh es.
10 kitiIiOUNSLOW POWDER-MILLS.--00C of the mix-
O' at the gunpowder works at Hounslow-i.
Zelio4n,Saturday morning, at eight o'clock, l.)
httirthuing and roof were ripped off the buildini,
• 11-‘ et danlage dcne, and we are happy to add no ,
G 'Woe&
Theikkltb A
ItAt 3/440%-'INNE'R. -AY THE LORD KAYOR ELECT.—
Ald: digt,M aY Or elect (Alderman Maguey) gave his first
Lord4B(trir.er on 'Thursday, at the Albion Tavern, in
, e fYv'etreet, after having been presented to the
-esti eel,
teejeadlleellor. The entertainment was of the most
.3rOth elegant description, and consisted of turtle and
liiiTsit Icer delicacy of the season.
tee,hureTG OF HANOVER.—The Senate of the city of
sp'lreee as forwarded to the King of Hanover a superb
lite lid in .• •
No 111 of , writing, containing a thanksgiving from the
Vred tt:l an-lbtl 1:g to his Majesty, for the assistance he
teiraeret• "ein on the occasion of the late calamitous
itt,ered ~,,In of the city of Hamburg. His Majesty has
'lives ::"Is document to be deposited in the royal
t offs
lianovec.
'.
lON ~ 4GE LODGING.—On Friday, workmen were
todon L. take up the pipes which -supply the Temple,
lc the' water in case of fire, as it had been found
0 iehi
ee
,ater-would not pass in consequence of a stop-
, kliv an, e could not be accounted for. On opening the
klea,el Yvas.discovered weighing six or seven pounds,
i tiliae'uring yard and a half in length. Owing to
, 4 . tri "Construction of the pipe the eel could not have
keeii.cre than an inch in circumference when it obtained
t 41i I"'
Pa 4-TA •
' LNeo.IICTIVE FIRE.—On Sunday morning, a fire
14111, '1.14 on the premises belonging tu Mr. W. J. Shep-
lett, y" manufacturer, in Barlow's.mews, New Bond-
. 4014 44endon, owing to the highly inflammable nature
Vity:lek nn the premises ; the fire spread with great
lej`gei the
in less than ten minutes the flames had
PARIS, Nov.
Lie, , Lae roof and the hat manufactory, with its con-
, .I.4rw" entirely
,n tlit„.. consumed, and the upper floor, with " There is Madrid news of the 29th. The commission
• 440 "ie•.&c., were for the most part burned, had approved of the law to declare the Queen of age.
h lAA
Ni.,tl: of sti,,,s ,IN C LARE .—The house of Mr. John The report was laid before the chamber on the 30th. The
kOll Ge k-orgriff, about six miles from Kilrusb, was debate was to commence on the 2nd. As soon as it was
ki‘, La party of five men, on Monday morning, who
i4dtef„"littance by stating' they were police. 'm-
ilts 44,1'.. after entering they fired a•shot at the servant
over the Queen. was to be
Idie.clarted in full possession of
heri aS Sovereign
be
ree iprgLePomwienri•ster., Minis tars would resign, and
zTrie Gallacian towns have risen, but Saragossa has
qtli itpcseeded in possesing themselves of a hundred surrendered upon terms to Concha. There was news of
tliCeted rhea surrendered and several promisary notes. It is strongly the 29th from Barclona. Reinforcements had arrived
14,004 14? at the entrance of the party was procured by
1
from Tarragona, but there had been no firing.
a boy named John Macintyre was charged by a market
j, ktpeetlApti:lsstethssseodaltehepmersseolovewsitohfiiiitthweithhoouuste.anyThleigphat.r—ty " Leon had submitted on a compromise." STEALING GEESE.—Yesterday, before Mr. 'Rushton,
Noaty e° have well known where the money was kept,
k• k, ' 'nal.
i I ~,Pc COMMUNICATION WITH DUBLIN. The report of woman with stealing two geese from her standing on
Captain Back and Captain Fair, who were appointed by Saturday night. She could not swear to the carcases of
IVit tt Ic.----A., correspondent of the London Stead. the Commissioners of the Admiralty to examine Holy- the geese, but spoke distinctly to the identity of the bit
114htttt il, e attention of the Protestant public to the fol- head and Port Dynllaen, in Carnarvon Bay, for the pur- of -string by which their legs were tied together. The
i k tdirnineeinent, made by Dr. Posey, in a letter to
.pose of ascertaining which is the most eligible as the port prisoner, who had been eleven times committed and
i ''1114:!stl: °I. the „Trish Ecclesiastical Journal." The of communication with Dublin by the Packets, is most times discharged, wag committed for trial.
N:tithe cd/ " Christ Church, Oct. 14, 1843," and ap-
t aii l decidedly in favour of the former place. It points out STEALING A WATCH FROM THE PERSON.—A man
I, alte ast number of the Journal. " For whatever many insuperable objections, showing conclusively that named William Sutton was yesterday charged at the
N 901 ?Plgh the Bishop (of Oxford) wished that it Dynllaen is not eligible, enumerates the advantages of Police.court with robbing a sailor of his watch. It ap.
Atittrlti; , had never been published, be acquiesced
li ill al), • the other ports, and concludes by expressing an " unqua-: peered that the watch had been pledged by the prisoner
; 418 hut in the continuance of its publication, lified opinion, that, both as to ' capability and position,' at Mr. Roberts's, on the 19th ult., and that. he had taken
z.tide -evil could have resulted from its-suppression. Holyhead is unquestionably the most ' eligible' harbour it from the owner, whom he found intoxicated, near the
Nl', interpreting the Articles, justified in it (and on the coast as a port communication with Dublin." J. Exchange. He called again at the pawnbroker's, and
eit,elld itnzWelf cordially assent) had gone forth, and Walker, Esq., civil engineer, who was appointed to wished to obtain more money upon it, or to sell it, when
L 0 18 waY," &c., &c, examine the two ports for the same purpose, and also with suspicion arose and he was detained. The watch being
k4•`tiiirit:llf-oar'trritigotit stzeor AGAINST
a
Catholic cleirE'sTin various at each place, and the comparative advantages and cost THE POST-OFFICE ROBBERY.—Yetterday, at the Po-
, It!lttitt4.,ntlthil,!_°u.gh. out thisomeonunty have throwngY off the of the two projected lines of railway to Dynllaen and Holy- lice-court, Henry Ovenden Collard, inspector of letter_
l'e iill terti:uclaimed for repeal ; and we are sorry to be head, has also made his report, which is decidedly in carriers at the Post-office—the principal particulars of
'Si elb-,tate that they have followed up this proceed- favour of Holyhead. He, however, points out sundry whose case appeared in our last week's paper—was brought
', Po Pln •
441. °Vat. /ling •every means at their command to enrol defects in Holyhead harbour, and suggests a series,_ of up for final examination.. The charge, it w.ill. be reinem..
Vie otl.lon in the ranks ,of seditious agitation. In alterations, the total cost of which he estimates at Zeoo,ooo, bered, was that of stealing a letter containing two £lO
'iiVlkl ft,' assertion we have to state, that a speeeh was and which, if completed, would not only give first-rate notes of the Bank of England. Mr. Ramsey, solicitor,
14100147°1 the altar of the chapel at Leighlin,Bridge accommodation to the largest steamers, but also make an again appeared for the Post-office, and Mr. Ward e and
k4itio.?l, a iltt and the language uttered upon that once excellent harbour of ref ,ge. Dynllaen had nothing to Mr. Pedder for the nrisoner.—Mrs. Ann Gittin4sB9s,garipdoecrnehre.,
\oe'lree:ev• gentleman appears to be of such a nature recommend it as a station for packets. With respect to of Shrewsbury, stated, that on the 11th September she
vssiliha-,;.,,,the notice of the public authorities, infer- the railway communication, Mr. Walker recommends made a remittance to Mr. William Brownie/11,
1/41,:t,•,10 ,§e",,,O,e.en sworn on the subject during the week. Stephenson's line from Chester to Holyhead, with some broke-place, in this town. She enclosed -two £lO Bank
‘l. I.d et quee/. alterations, and shows that the distance. between London of England notes, which she had got from her brother,
kO4 tilt' 8 HARANGUES EROM THE ALTER.--We and Holyhead may be performed in eight hours and a Mr. William Higg'inson, in the letter, and gave it to her
1 Ilt w.4,7oured with several communications during
half; between London and Dublin post-office in fourteen daughter to take to the Post-office.—The daughter stated
kieli‘,"aa'• relative to the seditious addresses which hours; and the journey from London to Dublin and back that she put the letter in the letter-box.—William Big_
ree e
t:ittlip, :ft e from several altars in this county, on Sun- in thirty-three hours. ginson, a shopkeeper at Kinton, in Shropshire,
4t,:ter:l: 'miss, and we cannot avoid pointing out a THE MORTALITY IN SCINDE.—Our advices from had given the notes to his sister, and he took a note of
Alle,nl these proceedings, and it is this—that the their numbers, dates, &c., at the time, which he produced.
titt eeitEuildren, and such as might not be safely en- Scinde are from Sukkur to the 20th, frem Hyderabad to
—Thomas Whiteley, of the firm of Clarke and Co., of
the 15th, and Kurrachee to the 12th instant. We regret
Manchester:, said, that on the 16th September he received
Peoidg„, secret, were excluded by order of the exceedingly to learn that the Sukkur force is suffering
Sik Por "Le order rigidly obeyed by the repeal war- more and more. The heat had increased considerably, from the prisoner two
inmoney orders—the. same. now pro-
' \ het. Quvious reasons we cannot publish the names dueed. The witness, cross-examination, said the pri-
ket 4414 at ' be
kii ted, present; but if the reports properly and to its effects on the lands left partially dry by the
soner had done business with the firm before he went to
receding river are attributed the increasing casualties in
the. Post-office, and he remembered three instances in
Itylankkie We shall do our duty by giving extracts the force. The following is the present state of the men
which, it appeared, on the face of the order, or in the let-
ii itid,4;s, which exhibit a degree of bigotry, trucu- :in hospital on the last date of our letters :
Vh2;"-kii,akeg_e fury, that would not disgrace the annals ter, that the money had been paid in the name of R. 'MI_
European Artillery .. .. .. .. 80
son. The evidence taken on the former examination was
ttA. teis ...7mY Moderator. 9th Regiment Native Infantry (7 companys) 209
\YIN., re ealA•Nurte.—Mr. Potter, the inventor of Left Wing 10th Native Infantry .. .. 98 read, and Mr. Wardle cross-exanained some of the wit-
Vtah'e gas addressed a letter to us on the subject 55th Native Infantry .. • • .. 451 nesses. He elicited the fact that letters had to pass through
t,Nil!tt tr Peel's speech at Tamworth in which he Chamberlain's Horse .. • • • • 80 various hands on arriving before they were seen by the
iits4 iti4e e report of Sir Rob..rt Peel's speech at Tam. prisoner, and that any one of the parties might abstract
them. He alto obtained the admission from Mr. 'William
!It e,r, there is an account of an interesting and Making a total of ......918
Itl I,;PPrircent, made by his directions, upon po- besides those in the lines who are excused from duty ou Royal, " Vice President" (as it was called) of the Post-
`'epolich Guano, ' Potter's manure,' and stable account of debility. Amongst the commissioned ranks
office clerks, that the money, with which the prisoner had
t Iv. at' in competion. It is said that this ex- there are one surgeon, two assistant-surgeons, and 13 to pay the leiter-carriers wages onceaweek, Was pat
41'44't r NID. "nducted with perfect fairness. I shall officers, suffering from fever and dysentery, all on the sick into a box without lid or fastening ; that there wereleasonthdhaedr
pi_l/4,_4(14,4 that an errore htiausabneoen(acommitted. The list except the surgeon, who, though ill, is obliged to at- clerks n the office in which it was, and that any one of
kVkVi‘d to t° is, that bushel of which tend to his duty, in consequence of the lamentable pau- them might, if they wanted change of a noteof norleof gold, go
il the? °Bl:ZighBslbs.)nanitil my manureb assumeditsjut t . cityootfamend
medicalthe
-111
tillit gth e weight medical
grain
quinine ;the Ban k of Ent log
said it was paid to him by the prisoner, in the name of R.
N; a fop e case. A four bushel sack of my manure, hospitals. It is really disgraceful to hear of such cul-
lik.ki4llB 461be.o.ntains only two cwt.,. a bushel there- liable neglect on the part of the superior authorities, and Wilson, on the 15th September for a money order; and
ikkequali
~.! Now as the. experiment was made w. edo not wonder at one of our correspondents saying.— that he wrote the name down at the time, and gave the
mustewsa Bs oags
otcoa cfsoke
r, i
nttrhiwae
hl letteri_chmhre- carriercNvoual
rd-
k ,1.19 it thane 824? es, not weight of the tw° manures, "If Shere Ma.horned were to come down upon us now, prisoner the. balance.s.s—James
ly thikeere
were
every eelbs. of the Guano only 56lbs, we should be in a pretty way ; the artillery. could man for the district in which Pembroke place is situated, said
liiil, 144_ ibist_v,r re really applied to the crop. If we two guns only, and the three regiments might perhaps ,
driLatenligeuhiraedddewlsiih-iieeieettorhpenerdir atlillethie,rliestotneresr.hweohualdd received.
.t—tedMr.
LkQf ,a,,iire,
nuke by equalising the weights (for both muster 500 men who could carry
_arni. Almost every 1
bail .—Mr.
rsa. said
Rushton
It.li,e;',looo,,t7re sold by weight) we shall find hy the one has three or four servants laid up . if things are so
not comply consistently with the interests
removed.
of the public
' tley,l°n, that Potter's manure would have pro- , bad now, what • become of re• the river begins to?
eleven b • sickness arrives •
service. The prisoner was then
' but sixteen and a half bushels of pots- fall in earnest
What indeed'

The witness was cross-examined by Mr. WILKINS at
great length, with a view to show that he had not made
sufficient deductions.

William Andrews, assistant overseer of Wavertree, was
called, and said the company had been rated at £2,200
per mile in that township ever since 1836. The witness
was cross-examined with a view to show that certain parties
(housekeepers) in Wavertree were assessed at proportion-
ately less than the railway.
MC. WILKINS addressed the jury for the appellants,
contending generally, that sufficient deductions had not
been made for the depreciation of moveable stocir, ten-
ants' profits, sideways, turn-tables, chairs, &c. The
parish allowed one4hird on the gross receipts to -a farmer,
and only one-fifth on the nett receipts to the railway. He
asked for 20 per cent. for depreciation on rails, moveable
stock &c., and the total deductions be sought we:•e£6s,ooo;
and he proposed as a fair calculation to take the earnings
at West Derby where they we're high, those at the Barton
part of the line, where they were lowest ; then adding
them and taking the mean, and by then taking the income
at Wavertree, working the matter out fairly by a rule of
three question, to arrive at what ought to be rated for the
latter.

Mr. Peter Nairne, bookkeeper to the appellants, stated
that the railway ought to be divided by 33 (miles) in place
of 31, and gave it as his opinion that the total sum charge-
able per mile was £lOl4, and not £2200. He admitted,
on cross-examination, that from its great traffic Waver-
tree was as 10 to 8 compared with the rest of the line.

Mr. Edward Woods, engineer of the company, thought
74 per cent. little enough to allow on such buildings as
those connected with the railway, and 20 per cent. on the
gross receipts—a fair thing for the tenants. He would
allow for tenants' profits, £4l,264—being 20 per cent. on
the receipts—for interest on floating capital. For depre-
ciation of movable stock, 130.497; and to tenant of land
for good-will to secure him against competition, £10,316.
The total of the deductions ought, he thought, to be
£65,457 ; and he stated that he estimated the annual
rateable value of the whole line to be £27,661. He was
cross• examined, and it appeared that in the major items as
to rating he agreed with the witnesses for the respondents,
but differed on some of the others. .

Mr. Humor then addressed the court, contending that
in all essential points he had made good his case.
The magistrates retired, and after remaining in consul-
tation (and calculation) for about half an hour, re-entered
the room, when
The CH AIRM AN said—

•" We confirm the

The following appears in a second edition of the
Morning Chronicle

, and the real period of
—Delhi Gazelle, Aug. 30

feelings and antagonist opinions of each successive major-
ity of the Town Council. (Hear, hear.) He thought,
therefore, that they should call upon those who had in-
duced the present wholesome change, to show by their
support of this society, that they were not actuated for
temporary purposes, by political motives, but by genuine
christian principle and feeling. (Cheers.) He called upon
them to come forward in support of the cause they had
met to espouse. When he considered the warm interest
which the clergy had evinced in its behalf; the great kind-
ness of his Lordship and of the Rectors in its support,
and the liberality of those who appreciated its merits, left
him to arrive at the gratifying conclusion that it was im-
possible that the deficiency of the funds was anything but
temporary ; and he could not suppose that the community
to whom they appealed would allow their town to remain
in moral and spiritual destitution. (Cheers.)
The motion was unanimously carried.
The Rev. H. H. HIGGINS, the inspector of the schools,
proposed the second resolution, setting forth the success
of the society, and its claims on the clergy and laity for
support. He detailed the operations of the society in
giving a religious education to the children, and promoting
an attachment to the Church of England. He explained
the entire mode of conducting the schools—taking one of
the girls' schools as an illustration. At a quarter before
nine o'clock, the children assembled with bright and
smiling faces in the play ground, and it was pleasing to
see how neat and clean they were, considering the hum-
ble circumstances of their parents. At nine they were
admitted into the school, when a short address was read
to them, and after it a short litany—they repeating the
responses. The collect for the day, and the Lord's
Prayer followed. The children then joined in singing a
Morning Hymn, and the benediction was then pronounced.
They were then separated into two divisions, and a portion
of the scripture was read, by the teachers, upon which
they were afterwards questioned. The subject was then
impressed on their minds in a short address or text, which
was afterwards ,:ommitred to memory. The tests were
registered in a book, and recapitulated every Friday, and

creased exertions • and said that the wants of the
would not be fully supplied until we had thirty
churches and as many additional schools. (Cheers.;
Mr. H. BANNER (whom we could but impert
hear) spoke strongly in behalf of the society, and j(
in the request of Mr. M'Neile that his lordshil
allow his sermon at the Female Oil -
published.
The LORD BISHOP in a
thanked Mr. M'Neile for the manner in which h
alluded to the sermon, and said he could not do less
accede to the request so urgently made. His Lo
then intimated that the National Education Societ
resolved to educate any young persons, co
ble, for six months, as schoolmasters, or f
ment of such teachers as did not consider them
fully competent to their duties—either at the trainir
lege at Chester, or at the S
The Doxology was tl
pronounced t

Asylutr-

nowledging the complit

At the Police-court, on Frida
beer-sellers were fined in various

The transatlantic royal mail stear
parted hence for Halifax and Bostor
noon, with a fair complement of

NEW PATENT.—A pater
Hardman, of Liverpool, r

rnents in machinery or apparatus tc

manufacture of sugar.
The Markets' Committee ha
in Great George-place, and a

idered su

•ee publicans
is for disobey

pulled d

machine on its site, to accommot

James's market

Cale&

DOCK COMMITTEE.-
body on Thursday. Th
member of the Council
will be filled up at the r
LECTURE ON HYDRC

lecture theatre of the 11

EMBEZZLEMENT.--Mr

'lector, George Waistle, at the Pi
, with embezzlement. Three sec

street, charged his c
lice-court, on Friday
ral cases wherein £lO
been embezzled, were
fully committed to the ses

ons for

ARRIVALS FROM NEW YORK, -
United States, which sailed from New
ultimo, and, therefore, brings no late da

and he

port on Saturc _
Captain Britton, arrived at

York on the 1

aturda

There 1

s yet f

e occurred

. Amos, the
y, had a hand