The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-05-30 00:00:00

TO CORRESPONDENTS

The Rev. Henry Carpenter thankfully acknowledges the
receipt of five pounds from " A Friend of Missionary
Labours among the Heathen," which will he applied, as
the donor seems to wish, to the funds of the Church
M issionary Institution in Sierra Leone, fur educating native
African Missionaries.
In answer to " AN INTENDING TRAVELLER," we have not
heard that cheap train tickets are at a premium yet, but
we do understand they are likely to " rise in the market"
if they go off as rapidly as they have done during the last
few days. Some of the present holders, we have heard,
have purchased on speculation.

Ebt Eibrrpool g.) tanbarb.

TUESDAY MORNING, MAY 30, 1843

Our excellent contemporary, the Morning Herald,
remarks thus upon the proceedings of government
and the Conservative party, with respect to the Edu-
cation Bill :

Sir James Graham is, it will be seen by his reply last night
to Mr. Hedworth Lambton, resolved that the responsibility
of a rejection of the government attempt to give to the fac-
tory children a sound religious and secular educatio❑ shall
rest on the House of Commons, for the right hon. baronet
pledged himself to take the sense of the house upon it after
Whitsuntide recess. And if, in the meantime, the clergy
and the laity of the Church of England only do their duty ;
if they only arouse themselves from the apathy into which
they have hitherto rested ; if they only let their voice and
sentiments be heard, as those of dissent and non-conformity
have been in the House of Commons, there is no fear that
the front of might and menace presented against this offering
of humanity will be irresistible. We have elsewhere inserted
the form of a petition, and we implore the cle:gy to adopt its
form and to procure the signatures of „their parishioners
thereto. There is, we assure them, no time to be lost. We
also direct the attention of our local Conservative contem-
poraries to this form of petition, and beg of them to urge
its adoption on their readers.

May we impress upon the friends of religious edu-
cation in this town to be up and stirring upon this
question ? Let an aggregate petition be prepared, and
extensively signed ; and let every separate conyrega-
tion—every separate body of Protestant Conservatives
—send up their petitions to strengthen the hands of
the government upon this important question ! If
this measure he lost, upon the Church, and the Church
alone, will be the responsibility ►!

There is surely a line of boundary, beyond which
even the privileged incendiary, O'Connell, ought not
to be permitted to carry his mischievous agitation.
Putting aside for a moment the question whether that
agitation is one for the dismemberment of the British
Empire, or merely for the repeal of an existing act of
Parliament—whether it is a legitimate or an unconsti-
tutional object which it has in view—there is surely a
limit, beyond which the peculiar means put in requisi-
tion cannot, with safety to the peace of Ireland, be
permitted to extend. Assemblies of hundreds of thou-
sands of excited and ignorant men, brought together
to listen to the insolent ravings of a reckless fanatic,
can scarcely be considered to have any other action
upon the constitution, except through the medium of
the terrorism which they must create; and whenever
agitation, however legitimate its object, assumes this
shape, it has certainly far exceeded the limit, within
which it may, with prudence, be tolerated by any go-
vernment.

The repeal agitation in Ireland has, we contend, ex-
ceeded such limit. Its gatherings are no longer to be
viewed as legitimate and constitutional expressions of
popular opinion. They are but demonstrations of
unarmed rebellion, which the occurrence of a day or an
hour—the overflowing of one drop of the cup of sedi-
tion which is held to the lips of the excited masses
which compose them—may lash to violence and out-
rage. It is true they are within " the letter of the
law ;" but they are in flagrant violation of its spirit.
They are, overtly, peaceable, but in reality they are
aggressive upon the forms of the constitution and the
svill of the legislature. They threaten no violence, in
words; but they " darkly hint" at violence, as their
ulterior purpose They say to the united legislature,
" We, a section of the empire, have determined upon
being severed from the main body ;" and, when asked
by what means they hope to accomplish such an ob-
ject, reply, significantly, " by our numbers, by our
union, by force, if you put force in exercise to prevent
such accomplishment"!

Such is the present position of the repeal agitation.
Such is, virtually, the threat which these assemblies
direct against the legislature and the peace of the em-
pit e. And when we reflect upon the nature of the in-
struments by which they are organised ; that those in-
struments are a priesthood solenznlu vowed to the de-
struction of British supremacy in Ireland ; when we
reflect, too, upon the character of the man, whose fiat
can convert these aggregate meetings—these mere
" demonstrations"—into an avowed insurrection of
bloodthirsty and savage traitors ;—can their continued
toleration by the executive be regarded as any other
than an act of conscious weakness or of utter madness
Day by day, hour by hour, the loyal and peaceably-
disposed amongst our Irish fellow-countrymen are
placed by this incendiary agitation upon the brink of
a precipice. Day by day, the very existence of the
Bri.,ish Empire, in its entireness, is threatened with
attack, and thousands of loyal Protestants in Ireland
menaced with impending slaughter; and between the
consummation of this disaster is interposed only the
will of one man (!) and that man the most heartless de-
magogue that ever fastened himself upon the credulity
and fed upon the unruly passions of a nation !
As an example of the furious ravings, by which
these assemblies are worked up by this incendiary to
the verge of actual outrage, we turn to the reported
proceedings of a recent demonstration held in Cork, in
which he thus openly dares the executive to interpose
for the preservation of the peace and good order of the

country. Speaking of the promised effort of govern-
ment to repress his favourite agitation, he exclaims—
" Let them attack us ; and if they do—what will be

the consequence ? What will be the state of the three

per cents. ? If they did attack us, and some penniless,
shoeless Irishman found his way, on the deck of a
steamer, to Manchester or St. Giles's, and collected a
number of Irishmen around him, and one would ask,
What news ?' to which he would reply—' Your
father was cut down by a dragoon—your mother was
shot by a policeman, or your sister'—but I will not
say what happened to her. Let him but say that ;
and I will ask Peel ' How MANY FIRES WOULD

BLAZE OUT IN THE MANUFACTORIES OF ENG-
LAND ?' (Hear, hear, and tremendous cheering.)"
Can language of more direct import than this be con-
ceived ? Can anything more atrocious in sentiment—
more suggestive of violence—he imagined ? The
legislature of Great Britain are to stand by and witness
the forcible severance of Ireland from the British
Crown, on pain of seeing the towns of England—
wherever a degraded and vicious Irish population is to
be found—involved in conflagration and outrage !

But proceed; and mark how recklessly this suggester
of incendiarism goes on to lash into fury the wild pas-
sions of his ignorant listeners. " They shall not," he
continues, " MASSACRE (1) us. No—we are safe; for
Ireland reposes in peace." (Peace " Her thousands
are aroused"—&c. And again—" I offer you the
Repeal of the Union ! (here the entire audience rose
and cheered for several minutes.) Ido not talk to
you or warn you to be afraid ? no, that would be ludi-
crous. (Hear.) I tell you this : ENGLAND IS INCA-
PABLE OF PUTTING YOU DOWN ! (Tremendous
cries of hear, hear,' and deafening cheers.)" What,
we ask, is the meaning of this ? " England is incapa•
hle of putting down" an agitation thus threatening to
the peace of the country I Indeed I Is this so ? Is
the fiat of Daniel O'Connell, in reality, paramount over
the will of the united British Nation ? Has this mer-
cenary tool of POPERY already his foot upon the
necks of the Protestants of Irelond ?—his torch already
within reach of the dwellings, and his dagger at the
throats, of Englishmen ? No—no—no ! There is a
stern and resolute defiance seated deep in the hearts of
the British people, which, when the hour comes, will
paralyse the threats of the traitor, although surrounded
by all the brute power with which Popery can encircle
his audacious front.
And that hour, we contend, has come. The hour
has come when, at length, this ferocious bullying of
the British nation, by a factious incendiary, must be
put down. It may be that his reckless violence is
within the forms of the constitution. The arm of the
law may not at present be strong enough to put down
—because it has never contemplated the task—his
ruffianly gatherings. The tolerant spirit of the British
Constitution permits the full expression of public opi-
nion ; but it has never contemplated these displays of
physical force as a legitimate expression of that opi-
nion. If it be, however, the care—which we doubt—
that these tumultuous assemblages, which in England
would be promptly put down, are in Ireland above the
powers of the law, then, we say, boldly and unhesi-
tatingly, that the law ought to be furnished with new
powers; for certain it is, that this continued violation
of its existing powers can no longer be tolerated with
safety to the institutions or the peace of the country !
We are happy to notice that, at length, steps, which
at least are in the right direction, are being taken to
put down this dangerous sedition. The leader of Irish
agitation—the author of a vast portion of the system of
outrage, which fills with murder and crime that un-
happy land—has, with nine or ten of his confederates,
been deposed from their position upon the magisterial
bench. Let the government of Ireland go on in this
vigorous course of action. Let them declare, in prac-
tice, that the proceedings which they thus discourage
are dangerous and illegal. Let them arrest the pro-
grees of their authors ; and they will deserve and re-
ceive the thanks of all good men and loyal subjects !

The remarks, in our last, upon the virtual admission
made by the Manchester Guardian, that the Repeal of
the Corn Laws was sought by the manufacturing body
as the means of obtaining cheap labour, appear to have
somewhat ruined the usual serenity of his temper, if
we may judge by the following passages which appear
in his Saturday's publication :
" We well knew he (the Standard) would not attempt to
grapple with" (the position of the Guardian,) "or even to quote
it in his columns : and we have looked to the Standard with
some curiosity to see how he would contrive to give it the
go-by. On Tuesday last he said—nothing. In the Standard
of yesterday, however, there is an article on the subject,
which is certainly a curiosity in its way. The editor has, of
course, entirely shirked the real point at issue ; and with the
view of keeping the point out of the sight of his readers, has
garbled and falsified our words in the most flagrant manner."

The fairness of the Guardian himself is, of course,
proverbial ; but putting that aside at present, let us
see how far we have deserved this somewhat hard lan-
guage of our angry contemporary. We quoted in illus-
tration of our position, that cheap bread was sought
with a view to the reduction of wages, the admission
of the Guardian that the manufacturing body " have
long been aware that foreign manufacturers are rapidly
acquiring the same advantages of capital and machinery
which they themselves possess; and with the further
advantage of food at half price, the foreigners mnst
eventually beat them out of every market;" and for
the purpose of our argument we had quoted quite suf-
ficient. The League party had again and again de-
clared that they had no such object in view as a re-
duction of the price of labour. The Guardian himself
has always treated, as perfectly absurd, the position
that the price of food has any connexion with the price
of labour. And yet, here we had him admitting that
the foreigner was beating us in every market, one of
his most powerful weapons being " the advantage of
food," (and, of course, labour) "at half price !"
But the Guardian had appended to his assertion that
" the foreigner must ultimately beat us out of every
market," an alternative. The entire paragraph stated
that we must either submit to be thus " beat in every
market to which both parties had access on equal terms,
or the English manufacturing labourer must submit to be
half-fed." We omitted this portion ; and for the sim-
ple reason that it raised quite a different question to that
which we were discussing ! We were not entering upon
an inquiry as to the comparative advantages of half
wages and half bread. We were not discussing the
manufacturer's position in the struggle of competition
with the foreigner ; but simply sheaving that he sought
to aid himself in that struggle by means which he had
strenuously repudiated 1 We showed that he sought
for cheap labour; and it was perfectly beyond our pur-
pose to enquire whether the working was to be bene-
fitted or injured by the reduction of his wages; whether
such reduction was to he preferred to the alternative
mentioned by the Guardian—(a reduced quantity of
food)—or whether such alternative was the true one.
By this omission, and especially of the words marked
in italics, the Guardian urges that we have " substi-
tuted a totally different question for that which he
proposed to us." We beg his pardon. We chose,
and had perfect liberty to choose, our own question.
We distinctly stated, moreover, what that question
was ; and we proved it to our own perfect satisfaction,
and, we rather suspect, to the Guardian's annoyance.
And although the Guardian may think that the fact of
" a journal professing to be at, the head of the Con-
servative press of Liverpool being driven to this pitiful
and contemptible course "—(hard words these, Sir
Oracle !)—" proves that its conductors feel the diffi-
culty of supporting the interests of monopoly in a
place tile prosperity of which depends upon free
trade," &c., we maintain that the course which we
adopted proved only that we had discretion sufficient
to confine ourselves to the consideration of one subject
at once !

In conclusion, we beg to inform our contemporary
that we have never " shirked," or been afraid to
grapple, any question which lie or any other man pro-
posed to us ; and if he will now put into a specific
shape the particular question which he wishes us to
meet, we are quite prepared to oblige him. We are
perhaps aware what this question is, already ; but its
more distinct proposition will prevent mistakes.

Our fellow-townsmen are of course aware that, in
the person of the editor of the llercury, they have a
GENtus quite competent to settle satisfactorily the
entire catalogue of political and social questions,
which distract the mind of this great country. The

condition-of-England" question We have frequently
had the opportunity of remarking upon, as illustrated
by our sage contemporary; but we do not remember

to have seen the puzzling matter, which has been the
stumbling-block of politicians for years pastvi.,
the remedy for Irish discontent—discussed by
the
Mercury, or any other English journalist, in the
ono
candid spirit as it is discussed in his last Friday's
publication ; and we take the liberty,
therefore, to
place our contemporary's oracular wisdom before our
readers, and particularly before the British Cabinet
" t hat
" We do not believe," remarks the Mercury,
C
a repeal of the legislative union between the two
tries would remedy the chronic maladies of Ireland."
Agreed ! "We are not prepared to say that unive
chargrsa,
l
suffrage, rote by ballot, a repeal of the tithe rent
e
of the grand jury cess, together with the adoption of a
fixity of tenure act, which are Mr. O'Connell 's neces-
sary sEauENTs "—what means this?—" " would prove
Neither
any modification of Ireland's social evils.
are we. " But this, we are sure, that THE' WOULD

,E SUBSTANTIAL REVOLUTIONS IN PROPERTY'
Nho doubts it ? " Abolition of the tithe rent charge
Ciluacit
'S CONFISCATION OF THE PROTESTANT
Again we say, " Doubtless." " The
grand jury cess is an abuse which imposes hardships
upon them, which we in this country have no concep-
of
tion. Fixity of tenure' is nothing more or leis than
a country'
that last desperate remedy to regenerate (?)
and to give its inhabitants a stake in the hedge, which,
in the last extremity of the Prussian monarchy, wa
adopted by Prince Hardenberg, who, by a stroke of his
pen, converted the tenants of the soil into freeholders--
and by Lord Cornwallis, who constituted the ryots of
Land being
India proprietors in the same manner. (!)
ossessioa
the only means of existence in Ireland, its p
gives the proprietors a power unknown in this country.
O'Connell would transfer it from its present owners to
the occupiers, subject only to a rent charge. Tills Is
THINGS!
HIS ONLY WAY TO A BETTER STATE OF IS°S-;
THE 0 %FLY GLEAM OF HOPE FOR THE FIYI'LJRg•
0
Bad indeed must be the state of the country, where
THE ONLY CHANCE OF GOOD IS IN TRENCIIINO
UPON THE RIGHTS OF PROPERTY, however badlY
acquired." (! !)
Exquisite morality this ! The abolition of the tithe
rent charge is a "confiscation of the Protestant Church,
revenues" ; ergo, it is a boon to be prayed for, and
doubtless is prayed for, hy this Popish scribe ! "Fi.s;
ity of tenure" is nothing more than the robbery °`
Protestant landowners ; ergo, it is " the only chance off
good" for Ireland ! How beautiful the propriety ()
any one of these sentiments, from the most extensively
circulated journal of this Protestant and loyal con'
nit ! " A stroke of the pen," only, it requires to gig
effect to the Mercurial remedy for Irish discontent;
" a stroke of the pen," which will merely convey the
property of Protestant and other landowners to the
various tenants and squatters, who vegetate upon the
lands of Ireland, and enable that fine country to sub-
scribe itself as the

REVENUES."

" First flower of the earth and first gem of the sea,
of
and, above all, the most productive gem in the tiara

Rome !
We really were not precisely aware that this Pecuji:::
arly O'Connellite morality could be mooted in t
of
loyal town. We were not aware that the '` fixitY

;enure" morality—the morality by which

" He may take who has the power,
And he may keep who can"—
was the morality even of " Liberalism" in the Preseilli:
age There is certainly a modifying feature hl t.ty
Mercury's honest philosophy—that, along with " filtibe
of tenure," we are to have a " rent chargei; hatm-d,
" fixity" of that rent charge must be greatly hit is
when we look at the summary mode in which .ttbe
proposed to get rid of another " rent charge

" tithe rent charge" I
We leave the whole effusion of our conten)P ‘erall:o
however, for the consideration of the public; °(ithsti
would suggest an especial consideration of it t° 01,
owners of property in this good town of LiverP°t $
" where Irish most do congregate." WhY ni°,all-
" fixity of tenure "in the classic regions of -Vaul to
road and Marybone, accompanied by a rent eharge'yer
be got rid of when it suits the purposes or
the e P°' of
of such moralists as he of Derrynane and. sage
the Mercury ?

We have already, on several occasions, 11°tItnte
certain strange decisions of the stipendiary niagis:: of
who presides in our Police-court ; and sotnetinl-30
the equally strange latitude which he permits, to
of criminality or involving a fine to some of the °•11...,,-
persons under him. We have done so with as on,
forbearance and good feeling to those whom wens of
sidered at fault as was consistent with the oPini°.:
the constitutional principles of justice which genet:
pervade our laws, and with the consequent inter:
ins..:ooll
the public; and we hoped that the hints we had t-ula
out (for we can scarcely call them reprehensions) ;11-141
be taken in good part, and have saved us the Ptair
or
task of animadverting on new cases of a shTlTopes
analagous nature. Unhappily, however, our hope`
analagous
have not been realized ; and we have now t°• e%'
attention to a report, in another column, of eert3l° nd
traordinary proceedings in that court on Frival, 3

Saturday last. ofor'
The former day is set apart for the hearing o' it•ove
mations against publicans and beersellers for infracloll
of the recently-procured act, requiring them not°ova'
from midnight on Saturday until one o'clock orl
day afternoon; and also to close during divine 9(irecllY
on the afternoon of that day. Of this law ive de'
sat
approve, as regards the time of closing—though' t°,,,,a
the least, it is peculiarly stringent in its provisions we
severe in its penalties ; and judging from the 1335tt'air
are constrained to say that our police rnagistr!,,elik°
pears—contrary to his accustomed practice 'oct,
cases (as for instance in that of the small tenem
pre'
in which he requires the strongest proofs that theto be
vious proceedings have been strictly accuratebelie ve,
contented to arrive at a conviction on what, we we'
the public will generally deem to he very ictse'iklost
rested, isolated, and even questionable evidence. ice to
men find an occasional hobby on which they refitted,
ride ; and magistrates must be occasionally per °st, be
we presume, to bestride theirs too ; but care far to
taken that this recreation be not carried s° f°,
cause unnecessary annoyance or injury to otheri.ton'e
may unluckily come within reach of it. Mr. ittis
i an
present hobby is assuredly the act alluded t°to its
whether it be that he had something to tI°:1 osed
parentage, or from other causes, he apnears,-„i:11: di
to drive it to the top of its speed—albeit a
'"..,..,§eh
for 11'w
cretion would perhaps be more wholesome
to
and the public interests. A od
The two cases to which we have allude-' con,
which we refer our readers, bear us out in °;111; IVY
elusion, and what are the reflections to 'vb.:doubt:
give rise ? Why, first, that there can exist 11...ir0n-JP'
in the mind of any reasonable man, but that red to
conviction and a heavy fine would have foll°%vhe
informations of Haines in both cases, had t 01°
fendants not gone to the expense of etnl)l°%% irt
and energetic counsel in their behalf. lia'"ejoil;
believed implicitly nearly throughout, and till
as 1)11-
of his labouring under misapprehension "coodiP,
slowely raised in the mind of the mag aste
that istrate• 5e stet'
it appears to he determined to pursue a I'd feeli°,;
espionage, which is alike abhorrent to Engbs:l3‹:
and to English constitutional justice--if 13°- t, Ater
to deteCeces sit/
sending out police-officers in disguise
all, petty delinquencies, for which there is 11° 11.06idi°,11
for such extraordinary and, we may add; iiiroper
means. Such missions may be correct and r f
the detection of thieves and secret plotter° ag°iPi)ge
sedition, or treason ; but their emploYrne-dy of `iie
mere sellers of ale, is an insult to a large and,° at t'"
community, whether sellers or purchasere, sve °
same time, amounts to an admission (wbic or rove;
selves do not originate or assume) that e%Yeti°i;
force, well paid and well clad at the public
of tbeer
are incompetent to the performance of Oleo leo
simplest and easiest duties. Why, we h3s,ieoder f't6lre,
than six to seven hundred of these wen -siottal
(or sticks if you will), who, bating an oce3. 031r,0r
or a rare and slight popular commotion, Poly eiod
time on their hands to look after, n't and g 0 to
offenders, but to conserve the public Peaciet or cVely
order. T d hey have power at all times, ng°
018' • 11°'
enter any public-house in the town, an
to, Wit .eg;
sufficiently enforce the new act affecting I'leb
of 'priri
being degraded to the condition and gar therF.
for such are men employed as Haines and ° ()lice be
Rushton calls these emissaries the detective P
ea. towo
p c
should prefer a preventive force; but IL the to
an
somewhat the order of the day to watch
litobrer
mission of offence so as to punish it, r•._. lota
abide by the old maxim that " prevention

°tire." We have been informed, indeed, that some
meaning welkneaning constables have been reprimanded
,cued for advising parties with jugs not to attempt
heir
obtain liquor at illegal hours, and told that it wa
who,
duty to await the commission of the offence. And
after all, are the officers selected for this " delicatet 'a'
and unpopular duty. One of them, according
teturn of the Police Committee, has laid no fewer
htheoeann
105 informations against publicans, and has
anceessful in them all ! The chances of success, indeed,
aPPear to be all on the side of the spy. The system,
indeed, has a tendency to throw public odium on the
Tawhole of the police-force, amongst which tiler
lly good and efficient men, and surely this is any-
good but good policy. It will not, we opine, be much
longer tolerated, otherwise it will be inducted into
other relations of life, and then—farewell to the dearest
liberties of the British subject!
There is another evil in the spy system, which
is, that
against justice to the accused parties; and that
'B, that officers in undress, or in disguise, who may say
they Spoke to them, and, perhaps, did speak to them,
irl remonstrance or accusation of what they conceived
t° be wrong, at the time, appear in their uniform
against them in court; and their features not being
well
known,n it may be impossible to recognize, or toh
frand contradict them ! Thus, a whole bate
°I. exculpatory and honest witnesses may be placed in
4 doubtful and indefensible position, and, by denying
that the man was present at all (stating it to the best
of
their belief), may be put down as guilty of gross
Perjur When, in fact, the perjury, if any, .is
ll
on the other side ' The haste, too,
80th
eases are hurried through,
attired with which
and convictions
f
at, on the uncorroborated testimony o
tZae°r.ffie cers". and, without strong and irresistible
e;,,_ ; ' the impossibility of hearing that for the de:
iesni-' 4 the
not becoming in a British court.
the
lads,lawLlP:int that it can inspire that respect for
d
Phi that
ia ao admirably upheld by the respecte
mostPs in our
higher tribunals, who give every case ther
considerate and calm consideration in behalf
.o.
th. accused ,
no 'arty. If one police-court, therefore, in
theia 13°—°118 and sinning borough, be not enough for
h due and deliberate administration of justice, let us
y all means
ru.at means
Strong
have another forthwith. Fiat justicia,
as we are in our political opi-
' cnwhoe abhor anything approaching to oppressiond,
by mever, of any party, it may be practised; and
svv orriev,er it may be addressed.
Mr. ItUtillto
._
4_ . n says the officer Haines
that
wearing as to the girl who served the ale, and adds,
was very rash
indeed
he eras certainly mistaken.
:_nleed! If the same rashness and mistake be indulge
" Rash and mistaken,"
2taken at our quarter sessions or assizes, and be equally.
,Iten for truth----the trembling but innocent culprit,
bweao may have no counsel, or witnesses at hand, may
B,,:°nained to transportation. The two cases are
i4iciently illustrative at least of the truth of Mr.
toator'a statement o.dled,) that improper men were selected to go in
Pttitin Clothes Coated het Offending publicans. We
I.l?.nfily repudi tsystem under any modification.
a0171.' Rushton has stated, with reference to Adam-
th4tB Ica", that he has ascertained, beyond a doubt,
and le was sold from a house in the adjoining asst e,
1v... that it was that which the officer saw. Ihe public
ill o doubt be an •
tellin. Wi„ . ,clous to hear this case of a party
b.f is mout license--vvhen the delinquent is brought
• ore hint
11".......„,„„,.......„...........-..----
LOCif 1, NW tv''s.
We •
be understand that the Rev. Dr. Tattershall bsa just
aid
ire el
I .440inted
4:rltingar . a
.stirrogate for the probate of wills
eheefiazefrtieagoef I;reidnass," for the diocese.
is canusstda•PprOyal of I, contains an announcement
Ogden
theen
h - tne aPpointinent of Mr. F. B. uga
Aitenti:' t-ts,port for the republic of Texas.
IrldWorshiA°M 8 Visrr.---We understand that theße.)v._.
court cif vi Nu! Un win Clarke M.A., rural dean, &c. holds.
wardens
4rld gide, Bastion, fog admitting church and chapel d
eollegiat:",,el;_, on Wednesday next, at eleven o'clock at the
lds a
I,htrlZVocait'..atnitiorneh, Manchester On Thursday he h"I
ck-
at Bolton and.. in the afternoon, at B t
r.
klul Livern PrinaY, at Vv*iga'n ; ad on Saturday, at Orms i k
,Lscrt, "°l'
'rid -44 AT TR ,-,
INSTITUTION.—On
tieettiry4tvveri,ing, mi..
Aaddk.ainoLBLeOrvAe
d li Ted his second lectuerreoouns
tkinlttletti r
gnrtahtiefi telraatit rdet
ace,
theiinslt i to including
n;
many bef o
familiesr e a numo . ,
r disal
tiliniornetiaole subject on this noccasion involvedathese
1 and vaerti-
tnolaaegnaeetti electricity, a e
icolt,ali:il'ag!lets,
n nlynatulrocal attrac:
i
al'ilitY,sillZret;' 4nde
i:ieol
handled
laeTli induction,it
with
his
electric current' a the extraordinarycirculation .
the peetili_s, their.
and
tiltere.t_ ar laws h„
_,power of attractionandbryepauNl.saioriteliy
of
tion ° eating experisn,e h they are governed,
t • . eincrtain 1 by tits,
~reltY
sert,nere different and
e(
olli.
to He
hreputdattectinatghneteirsrmonaenodusepeoc...-
rfa.t ers .
It was now.as
lee 'led theY were distinct agenCleS.
ktcielt!irely a
peellijaerssenttally the samel,atientidonth.ati‘miaagtoneetti'ssmnl
44tiedr ill Ysoaltidtrbcotkn and roedpeu Li toinecotnnctahe earth
.anniirotnheoraeisr,
j4tethn:tare peeutiaersi; aunsdcestetleiro7t,tsapeodwcetlr,tai
and of convey-
p 40441, ithoweactilliac curresnt. PH
e explained the tFricm lowaadsst
very
44(1ct.1.in attraregteinstgi
I,llNedelnroni ore and a mixture ;
Uaairoeacrosts i
roof
nmoartter7h n
steel. It wash northc ot n -
lic 1 al picked
au., several parts of Aasnida
with, it
„.,2,_ and held in suspensioa a large
gas found inetrieea,&c.
,„, ~,,,,,,,,,e at In ortd,,,rersar to put.tir.olit owrass
suffices_
1 if it
tceleumllenr coofnitra;nt
I:ll.eaderlae.,de la pro.itriationna:cf rite:l.7llle 'shewed by h.oltudiangear
01 e acil''aereeof iron close to a magnet, when anotheishavi.log
of lietleh aewnrto It, the piece placed near the magnet '
444 1,11 s.arte
hsa e of attraction previously. He showefdrampanigr
engie'4'l,els, fixed on a stand horizontally, and '
nf
whichsteeiv; The were each formed of one hundred
powerful than if
Naietasd he rendered them. more
withthem.. In
10p,.14 the f.,sled several experiments.
oht`re beii,„ 7,14 e of Mahornet's coffin, whieh some otvleinissf,ohle-
thersed tha'teu was of iron and suspended in the hea
het littraetio there was a point between two magnets w.h.eorne
thi:Peen th n of both would retain a substance in
.a pont.'ble
Null:to ret:i°lll it
theca
though susould. not say it was impossible
hid, so, as lsolated ension for short time, it was
rasgnm destrn least. breath or motion of the air around it
*44'eitht at or th'e " equilibrium, and cause it to rush to one
*he n•t°ther, or throw it beyond the. inkuence of
All, when _ Would fall. A bar of steel., be oabcsherevriedd:
lirtilwheti f,„,nlagllFtized, would lift a 6oz. nail at e
he ties ant sn";_lh_N into the shape of a horse shote,GcoazpabTlehoisf
trieeailleeeito, astrs`treetlYbdytiounbleextheartimweenihat,nbdusthaobwoeu 4
d a horse shoe
visar!9Blh4ll if strateet would lift 2816. but would now
reeti`o4llBed b:4,lnerease 0
the ratio of power thus produced
Ithetha (1441 Ltue e.lectric current being increased by the di-
lAtiemet electric It.
He stated that various substances,
when
1444, etwee4 the or merely conductors of the fluid,
.413W-led`t)ile ratian,penet and
.a bar of yonaottresrt.eelLdid not
This he
iioerthe ittrYgesppryh;
priCketnceso poef !*
via toi
on g °n
ptehre, I
brass, copper, &dc.
*itii,,btit phTetnet, to which they ,wPould not themselvenstaac;
frn,Str,_ the steel or iron was Placed under and
in
useuended
te,;thieitt,'. ittaYp!ereeall attracted and
woodwasueeld be-
;44tileci tyttlltils ex pePreiaihr
edottob ustitl that that
ir the
d pressure of the iron
Its p?!. A e attraction of tyhe meauenewt' to which it was in conti-
,sedeweles,
011: awehnetic oar had no power in the middle., between
411 1,44 to r, ,t was called 't
to
tor • and the action at one
11: bas 6 -kJ, arid ,I s 'ua r magnetic needle.
th s,,' nety
..... the otaer to attract t,e
Pass
..,..id lotekanted at its centre, turned I
lice the needle,
Weilt) lith, ".
tie next noticed the variation of thescom -
184 9f the trratu the year 1567, when it was 12 deg. 1
.ri
‘Rai..it lisd „.e nrth, increased gradually, westward, tilltill
einn.
astignretnrWeeadejled 24 deg. 36 min, in this country.:
It
t-ear ;
ithil 3'7 ''aristl:° then at the rate of about s'/_._:....
;10tA.444)a 4 lu London was, now about 24 deg. 30 w!na.
~%if,,,red
~, alliecdnat Liver 196 deg 21 min. The van
Nis" 4001. II- "...trent placPe°sfuon- the earth's surface; (Pro-
tisted for °heal attract'
&c but was not ac-
)pthse;:a4rit.ile.. 00vbistt.h_e
elsecotfiliereur,eand metals,
uriless., sup pose a mut-
i we
air, affecting it,
isett4l, wilUol:ir, ih;rneeltsiog
Woeusrtwglaorbde
NO liest°ll,4l,4 remain a orlyst'earouyrdnaogtation
brecedingd_
.7
,ritlahe-
ki4,,,teet,l,,,44,"°,ed the coristruction of the mariner's could-
'"tt trlaiph -g Its peculiarnature, its attraction at one en
lip et% "4t the oilier its lneutrality, its dip, &c.,
1,1 ziA iii 1,414
and
obec,t
o .eten.tr%
b I attached to the circu-
-I,lloe.P44olr,rta-letilp)x, which serviesd ase gan index.
.H e showed
s
th 'lithe Ildieelat the dip or downward inclinattonthteopwoleds,
e liorti, er of the needle increased towards.
while at
Illegiots, ii, attracting, and the south repelling,
I°‘ver,l deli, Woilld be horizontal Thus a fine magnetic
irai-ethe-IttelY poised Which ;.? in London cut an angle
hitia...oll4leiltt earPtefilkd_ic....ula'r (asewenuunderstoodbim) of
..6_9 deg.
In 1i z 0 the
,T attraie9e Wa'elsviquator, be
. horizontal.
.
le,eter,,ctina 4., deg. 10 min. ;in 1821, 70 deg. 3. min.
lt,mti;.`qe math, the earth produced this phenomenon.
iiitltto.r a`tekelignetrishezPLeriinents he explained what is called
1%441 neNt . oft_agiits, oXvibich.a perm.anent. magnet rendered
te tit, IN
show
Lnemselves by indution. A neat
tit, t't rea„ T'vn with a fine scale beam, bywhich the
be
it'eage4,vreigh'endetislii in a piece of iron or steel couldt
of
oipd rill.? her itl drth.ongh it were but m'nute. Thtae. effect Illettli:4:4")e,ol%!ciratl.l Portiont! Onfsthroeumwei
elaetnohwe eaprodl
es
Ai ma :pet ,stlit was then sboaivinuign Positions
manner. A
1)7e1 h(i_tr hit, aelujg.on the table, and covered with atiltargoel
to
etth :F. ltlvaa tt du b.. positedua
antldPutlri'att his() r tbiuoanr do
fa tileumanneayrly
tOtis
aniv„lleioe°,itraoeed themselves. P The attraction, owing
the oth the surface of the board, was not sufficient
, 0, to -e
all
er particles of filings more distant ; but on
4,r1
who mi eel., 3,
as
to
.3
444 sehowis 4111iltirly arr u
pro uce a slight shaking
. r vibra-
anged themselves in rad °long the
4440t...tiilvotwr__.4 tihreory!e•ci.nse torn? of the bar in.
lite;reetisgtltilliena,
a'"n i'roln
raodrait3leiated Position as stated.nHe
d i different
~°0 4,leelar. illition in whicer intewtuasagheld, horizontal or
poi:l,ciettehlt yea b e next showed, by a globe of magnetised
stl tht 1)11)1)4Y. atiecord, and representing the earth,ar,d
. aeidi.e and horizontal rim or horizon
luny. °f thret °be, the
Oth_qi. NI, lilohe, ti,! sing lowering of the respective
thst . oeing
5t....'.L.e needle pointed to them inversely, its
qieecessg, coneinsir'eted by the one, and its north by the,
114114) t'IY oe the?,lle adverted to ship's compasses, and
1,551, inert e counterroeing corrected before going to se_:
ilse,!tilstenr less
stleting local attraction in almost all ye._
tilOhed a.Thotii'd Other of wood or iron. The best ro.ag.
14s pr i,Wltli sal, he
of very hard steel—roade red :hot, anrd
itti..1.441 t:irliot toet.,‘Yoater. As kon itself was magnetic, ever ye
PaSPietalose f:80;12 tiatilcs, bolts, Scc, had some effect. l
n ss
tes,4l% 40 .0 these'r.'°w'S method of rendering the,cOmr compass
Litt,tlttili it',reltiter.i.vesieholl?Peuencies, but not (to our slunrproisepro.
etelvi;itlid,•l4l,44l.ll(')Zedsttllll4n:trreikiiinppraov jedeep
ofa softl
iron
, fterc'stletvtlie aid
oaftnt[lier iromediately rendereed it.snaleec..
meeln
tasdst oil-le band choanscel ud
notd
roomhl !o,
tet.'l,4:ll4e4:hld a ternV
eel Peri
ketl:°lel,,-",,,u1d eaoh.,..appianee. ' Helethelwl
• tirat-vit, 44ci Zeeeee each lecture precisely at halt ifati`,.
should
tenerally we have
that in
conclude each in an 0
•

SHOCKING ACCIDENT.—On Saturday, a stonemason em-
ployed on the Baptists' chapel, now building in Hope-street,
fell from the scaffold and was killed on the spot.
--- - -

ANTIQUE AND MODERN SCULPTURE.—We beg to draw
attention to the advertisement of Signor Squagl'a on this
subject.

EXPOSING THE PERSON.—At the Police-court, yesterday,
George Macdonald, late a glass dealer in Lord-street, was
committed to the borough gaol for three months for exposing
his person to some young females.
Mit. J. L. HATTON'S MANUSCRIPT OPERA.—We see
from the morning papers that our townsman's song of " Re-
venge" has again been sung by the celebrated Staudigl, with
immense effect. One of the leading London contemporaries
speaks of it as " the gem of a brilliant programme."

A MAN DROWNED.—About one o'clock on Saturday
morning last, a foreigner, who was known by the name of
Peterson, fell overboard from the ship North Carolina, in
which vessel he was a seaman. He was grappled for but not
found till three o'clock, when he was taken out of the water
quite dead. The deceased was about 35 years old.

ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.—We have much pleasure in re-
cording the cheerful liberality of Mr. Atkins, proprietor of
the Zoological Gardens, for affording free admission to the
children of the Female Orphan Asylum, Upper Stanhope-
street, upon Friday last, Which gave the children much in-
formation, and such gratification and delight as cannot easily
be conveyed by words. These acts of liberality richly deserve
the reward of the public.
MISS CHRISTIANA WELLER.—We perceive by the Man-
chester papers, that this accomplished lady has appeared at
the Philharmonic concerts of that town, and, as might be
expected, with great success. The Advertiser says, "The
debut of Miss C. Weller, a young lady, we believe, of Liver-
pool, excited a great sensation ;" and the Courier states that
her performance " was several times interrupted by enthusi-
astic bursts of applause;" while all unite in expressing a
great desire to hear her again.

CORPORATION ExT}ls.—These commodious Baths have
been entirely cleansed and painted this spring, and present a
most inviting appearance. The season for bathing has just
commenced, and we can recommend our townsmen to these
baths with safety, while, to the visitor, in search of health,
they cannot fail to prove most agreeable, and replete with
comfort. The politeness and attention of Mrs. Penn and
her assistants will be acknowledged by all ladies who visit
the establishment.

WALTON SCHOOL.—We observe that there is to be a meet-
of the parishioners of Walton-in-the-Hill, on Thursday next,
at the parish church, to appoint a master to the endowed
school. There has been some dissatisfaction, of late, created
from the manner in which the school has been conducted,
though we are not aware on what grounds ; now, however,
there is an opportunity of setting matters right by making a
proper appointment, and we recommend the parishioners to
apply to the Chester Diocesan Training School for an efficient
master. In the meantime, perhaps, a committee might be
appointed to determine the duties, &c.
GREEN HAMS NO LONGER ADMISSIBLE AS PORT{.--
On Friday, an order was received from the Commissioners
of Customs, which reverses previous decisions under which
green hams imported in pickle have been, till now, charged
only as pork. It is now decided, that " all legs of pork
thoroughly cured and imported in a state fit for drying and
making hams" are chargeable with the duty on hams, which
's 145., if foreign, and 3s. 6d., if colonial, instead of Bs. and
2s. per cwt. ; so that this last decision makes a material
difference to importers.
MR. ST. ALBIN'S PUPILS' BALL.—One of the most
pleasing sights we have witnessed for some time, was on
Friday last at the Adelphi Hotel, when Mr. St. Alban's
pupils' Bal Matine'e took place. The room was crowded
with a fashionable and elegantly dressed company. The
dancing of the Tyrolienne, The Mazourka and numberless
quadrilles appeared to give great delight to those present.
Two charming young ladies performed a pas de deux with
much effect. What with the beauty of the little dancers,
the elegance of their costume, and the grace of their move-
ment, a treat so refined has seldom been enjoyed.

THE ETHIOPIAN/ MINSTRELS.—Then are four perform-
ers of the Jim Crow class ; they attracted a tolerable audi-
ence on Friday night. As giving specimens of negro habits
they are curious enough, but we cannot say much for the
pleasure they impart. The airs they sing and play, with the
exception of one or two, are very monotonous, and are only
rendered effective by the extraordinary antics, gesticulations,
of the castanet, or " rattle bones," player, who created great
laughter by his gestures. One air, " Boatman's Dance,"
struck us as being very pretty. One of the performers de-
livers a negro lecture, and imitates a steam-engine remarka-
bly well.

INQUEST.—On Saturday last, an inquest was held before
P. F. Currie, Esq., to inquire touching the death of Samuel
Wllray, aged 68. The deceased had engaged a passage on
board the packet-ship Shannandoah, bound for Philadelphia.
On Thursday last, one of the clerks of Mr. Byrne, passenger-
agent, showed M'llray his berth, which was near an open
hatch. The vessel was loading with salt, and, as it began to
rain, the hatches in the main deck were closed. When the
hatches were unclosed, the deceased was discovered lying in
the hold. He was taken up insensible, and carried to the
Northern Hospital, where he died in half an hour. His
death was attributed to concussion.of the brain. The jury
returned a verdict of " accidental death," expressing a
strong opinion on the impropriety of closing the hatches and
so excluding all the light as to expose parties to the danger
of falling into the hold.

SMOKE NUISANCE.—A sub-committee of general com-
missioners of police of Edinburgh appointed a short time
since to visit Glasgow, and to report on the best means used
there for preventing the smoke of furnaces have reported,
atter examining, in company with scientific men, the various
works where Mr. C. W. Williams's patent furnace was in
operation, that that patent "effectually consumes smoke,
and is the most effective mode known for consuming the
smoke of manufactories. This result appears to exhaust all
in which the commissioners of police have any interest re-
garding this matter. But your committee are also of opinion :
1. That there is no loss of power by using Mr. Williams's
patent. 2. That there is a considerable saving of fuel. 3.
That small coal or dross is preferable to great coal in using
this patent. In conclusion, your committee would recom-
mend to the board to vote a sum riot exceeding £ , for the
purpose of assisting in the erection of one of Mr. Williams's
patent furnaces to be fitted up in one of the manufactories
in Edinburgh, in order that the public and manufacturers
may be satisfied of the practicability of smoke being con-
sumed."

THE FUNDS.—SATURDAY EVENING.—To-day the stock
markets under the new arrangement closed at the earlier
hour of 2 p.m. There was not much business transacted,
and in most instances prices closed rather lower than yester-
day. The final quotation for Consols for money was 951,
and for the account 951 to -96 ; Three per Cents Reduced
closed 94i to 95; Three and a Half per Cents Reduced, 1011
to 1; New Three and a Half per Cents, 1021 to ii ; Long
Annuities, 12 9-16 ; India Stock, 266 to 267 ; India Bonds,
555. premium ; Bank Stock, 1803 to 1813 ; Exchequer•bills,
535. to 535. premium for the ltd. issues, and 435. to 455.
premium for the advertised issues. The Spanish market was
flat at about to per cent. the operations for the fall having
exceeded the general course of business. The Actives left
off at 301 tot, and the New at 291 tot The other foreign
securities closed at dull prices. Danish was last quoted at
85 to 86 ; Dutch Two and a Half per Cents, 561 to 57 ; the
Five per Cents, 1011 to 1; Mexican 29 to ; Colombian 24
to 3 ; Belgian, 102 to 103 ; Brazilian, 73 to 74 ; and Portu-
guese Converted, 401 to 41+.
AMPHITHEATRE : BENEFIT OF THE THEATRE-ROYAL
COMPANY.—II will not be forgotten, we hope, that to-
morrow and Friday evenings are to be set aside for the pur-
pose of the late company of the Theatre-royal taking their
benefit at this establishment. We were in error in our last
in stating that Mr. Hillier had given them the use of his com-
pany free of expense, but he has met the corps dramatique,
we must state, on very fair terms. It will be seen, by the
advertisement, that the performances are very well chosen,
but if they had got up the farces of Turn-out and The Pad-
lock, the bill would have been appropriate. Our townsmen
and fair townswomen, who at all times are willing to assist
the cause of those needing assistance and patronage, ought
not on this occasion to be remiss in attending the perform-
ances. The prices of admission, 2s. 6d. to the boxes, and
the equally reasonable rates to the pit, will enable many to
be present who turn their money over many times before
parting with it when the admission is higher. The members
of the late Theatre-royal company, from bad times and other
causes, have had many difficulties to contend with, and if the
play-going public will on these occasions come forward, they
will not- only have the pleasure of witnessing an agreeable
and varied entertainment, but be the cause of lightening
many hearts and raising many a smile to lips that have not
lately indulged in hilarity and mirth.

AN IMPUDENT RoGuE.--,George Farrell, a young man
about 22 years of age, possessing an appearance which may,
perhaps, be best described by the commo❑ phrase " brazen-
faced," was, on Saturday, placed at the bar of the police-
court, charged with having obtained money under false
pretences from Margaret Shone, a poulterer, of St. John's
Market. It appears that Mrs. Shone has a son. who is at
present confined in the Borough Gaol, where Farrell has been
imprisoned two years, his probation having terminated on
the 9th instant. On Saturday fortnight he went to Mrs.
Shone, and, representing himself as an assistant to Mr.
Archer, the surgeon to the gaol, who, he said, was in Lon-
don, told her that her son was very ill and required some
wine. He said her son had an inflammation on the chest, to
which be had applied a blister, and he would do every thing
for him. Mrs. Shone gave him five shillings. He said, " I
will buy a bottle of wine and put some sarsaparilla in it, and
then if any one gets hold of it they will not know but it is
medicine." He wrote what purpoted to be his address on a
piece of paper, " Mr. J. Ackerley, No. 2, Duncan-street,
Woodside." On the Saturday following the schoolmaster of
the gaol called on Mrs. Shone, when she found that her son
was perfectly well, and that Mr. Archer had not been out of
town. On' Friday afternoon last the prisoner called upon her
and asked her whether she or any of her family had called at
his residence in Woodside, as some person had been there
when he was out, and he did not know who it was. She re-
plied in the negative. He then asked whether she had heard
anything from George (her son). She said, " No." He
then said George wanted some tobacco. She replied that
could not be, as he never used it. Upon this he departed,
but she followed him and gave him into custody. The pri-
soner, on being asked what he had to say, replied, " It's not
correct." He was committed for trial.

" SAVE MR FROM MY FRIENDS."—The Mercury of,
Friday last publishes the following expose of a "trifling affair'
in which the renowned Dr. Butler figures conspicuously.
" About a fortnight ago we refused to insert a letter from
Mr. C. E. Griffin, relative to some dispute between Dr.
M`Carron and the, friends of Dr. Butler,—first, because we
considered it grossly personal and abusive ; and, secondly,
because it related to a matter with which we had nothing at
all to do, the letter to which it professed to be an answer hav-
ing appeared in another paper. Mr, Griffin has since pro-
cured the insertion of his letter, and also of his note to us, in
the Liverpool Times, together with a statement in behalf of
Dr. Butler, signed Charles Leonard, (President,) John
angan, (Treasurer,) and E. C. Griffin (Secretary,) in the
first part of which a reward of £5O is offered for " the dis-
covery and conviction of the author or authors" of a certain
Placard relative to Dr. Butler's removal from St. Anthony's,
the second part being as follows :—" Dr. Butler also avails
himself of this opportunity to state that he will not be respon-
sible for any notice concerning himself that may appear in
the public or other papers, unless such notice be properly
signed by him, and be also published at his own request, or
by his permission, as he feels it to be his bounden duty
solemnly to deny that be ever expressed those sentiments, so
opposed to Catholic unity, which appeared in two Anti-Cath-
olic and another Liverpool paper, (the Journal,) some time
in September last, and were reported as having been delivered
by him on occasion of addressing his friends at the Queen's
Theatie. If Dr. Butler has not, up to the present moment,
disavowed them, it w'as because he fully relied on the respec-
tability of the thousands that heard him, who, if eircumstan -
ces required it, would, he had no doubt, attest the truth of
the present statement."—Whether the Mercury is one of the
" two Anti-Catholic" papers alluded to, or not, we do not
know, and all that we have to say on the matter is, that our
report of the meeting in question was abridged from the
Liverpool Times. The statement has, however, called forth
from our cotecaporary of the Journal, upwards of a column
of explanation, the sum and substance of which is, that the
report of the speech so strongly repudiated by Dr. Butler,
and, also, by Messrs. Leonard, Langan, and Griffin, who
where present at the meeting, was absolutely written for our
eotemporary by Dr. Butler, who himself corrected the proofs!
We have known and heard of scores of instances in which
public speakers have endeavoured to make scape-goats of the
reporter ; but this is the first case on record, within our ex.
perience, at least, in which an orator has ventured to disavow
a speech of his own reporting and correcting. '

WEST DERBY FLORAL AND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
—lt affords us much pleasure to notice the revival of this
useful society, under the most promising auspices. The
frit meeting was held on Friday last, at the National School.
room in the village, fdr the exhibition of Tulips, Plants,
Fruits, Flowers, and Vegetables ; but, owing to the short
time which had elapsed since the revival was determined
upon, the room was not so well filled as could be wished,
The show, however, passed over most pleasantly ; and from
the good feeling evinced by all parties, and the many offers
of additional support received by the honorary secretary,
Mr. Billison, it may be confidently anticipated that the next
exhibitions will be in every way worthy of the many wealthy
and influential residents in the neighbourhood. The show
on Friday was directed chiefly to tulips, of which there was
a goodly display, and, for the variable season, exceedingly
fine blooms. The most successful competitor was Mr. Win-
ward, who has for many years ardently devoted himself to
the cultivation of this flower. From the short notice already
mentioned, some of his neighbours were not at all prepared
to contend with bins; but anotHr time he may perhaps find
some difficulty in winning so many prizes. A fine dish of
strawberries, grown by R. Jones, Esq., obtained a prize :
one of them was rather above four inches in diameter. In
gooseberries, cauliflowers, and cabbages, Mr. W. P. Freme
was highly successful. The first prizes for currants and as-
paragus were awarded to Mrs. Thornton. There were some
fine cucumbers, including two very large " Kenyon" twins.
T. O'Grady, Esq., showed several pans of fine pansies, but
not for competition. Amongst the other prizes for flowers,
&c., were—for a Clematis cerulea grodiflora, extra prize,
Mrs. Thornton ; Ericas, (fine heaths,) first prize, Mrs.
Thornton—second, (for three,) Mr. Billison ; best basket
of plants, R. Jones, Esq.—second, Mrs. Thornton ; extra
prize—best calceolarias, (varieties.) R. Jones, Esq.; a fine
specimen of isias, about five feet in height, E. Hunt, Esq. ;
mushrooms, extra prize, R. Jones, Esq. At the September
exhibition, in addition to the usual awards, prizes will he
offered for the neatest cottage gardens and their production.
We understand the active secretary contemplates endeavour-
ing to establish, in conjunction with these exhibitions, a so-
ciety for the mutual instruction of gentlemen's gardeners ;
and as such would afford them an attractive and useful mode
of spending their evenings, we hope he will be so seconded
in his praiseworthy efforts iat he may succeed.
WORKING OF THE FIRE-ENGINES.---We stated in our
account (in a second edition) of the recent great fire in
Union-street and Jackson's-lane that about the commence-
ment of the conflagration, and when it was hoped that timely
exertions would arrest its ravages, numbers of labouring
men who being unemployed were looking on, were asked to
assist in working the engines, and refused to do so, though
offered fair wages, to the astonishment of several of the au-
thorities present as well as of ourselves, who were in DO
small degree mortified to observe a manifestation of feeling
that indicated a low and lamentable state of morality
amongst that class of men. Shortly after publishing that
account, however, it was intimated to us in several quarters
that there existed .some cause for the apathy shown on the
occasion—namely, that on some former occasions of fire, and
partictilarly on occasion of that at the Dul,e's warehouses

shortly before, a considerable number of the men who had
worked the engines or carried out goods did not, by some
inadvertence or want of proper regulation, receive their pay
tickets—and that others who did, considered the sums paid
for their services so inadequate for the laborious and often
dangerous kind of work, that a spirit of discontent was
raised amongst them, and that this becoming known to the
general body of labourers, induced the refusal noticed to en-
gage in similar occupations. From what has subsequently
transpired it appears that there is at least some foundation
for this statement, and that the men (who from their station
in life and their necessities cannot be expected to do much
gratuitously) were not, after all, so much to blame as at first
suppcised. On Friday, a conversation took place on the
subject in the Police-court, between Mr. Rushton, the ma-
gistrate, and Mr. Maxwell, inspector of salvages for the
fire insurance companies,—and from what was stated it ap-
pears tbat, so soon as at any fire the fire-police have suc-
ceeded in arresting it so far that no further apprehension
exists of its endangering life or extending to further property,
the chief management in supplying men to work the engines,
in directing their operations under the superintendence of
Mr. Hewitt, and particularly in removing the goods, should
that be deemed advisable, devolves upon Mr. Maxwell, who,
it must be admitted, invariably shows much anxiety and dis-
cretion for the benefit of those for whom he is concerned.
Mr. Rushton having heard of the alleged discontent amongst
the men, put some questions to Mr. M., and the latter stated,
that the allowance made by the fire offices, and to which he
was restricted, was to pay them at the rate of 3s. 6d. per day ;
that at the Duke's warehouses a number of men had been
employed by him from nine o'clock and six in the morning,
for which they were paid at that rate, for three-fourths of a
day, or only 2s. 7id.. while the police paid the men they en-
gaged at the engines 6d. an hour. Mr. Rushton remarked
that the pay stated appeared to be inadequate, and that the
system required amendment, which we think it does, parti-
' cularly when night-work, wet clothes, &c. are considered.
It is futile to expect men to devote their best exertions,
which are all-important in such emergencies, for so small an
amount; and the fire offices will probably for their own
sakes be induced to adopt a more liberal and discreet system
in future. While on this subject we may state that we have
learned from several individuals that on the suggestion of
several persons in authority in the fire police, and others who
take an interest in the speedy suppression of fires, that an
improved system is in contemplation in the hiring of men to
assist the police in working the engines, &c., and which pro-
mises to be of great advantage. It has frequently happened
that old and approved hands on such occasions cannot be
found when their services are wanted, there being no tie upon
them beyond their being volunteers, their being otherwise
employed as profitably, their removal to other parts of the
town, &c., so that new hands not so adept or so faithful, are
necessarily engaged, and impositions, too, (not, perhaps, to
be altogether avoided in the confusion of large fires,) are fre-
quent. It is suggested that in future men who have shown
themselves active and willing under the eyes of the fire po-
lice, should have a preference to strangers at `..cure fires, and
for this purpose should each be provided with a badge. We
highly approve of such a plan, but with all due deference
throw out a suggestion as an amendment, without which, we
fear, it would not be found fully efficient : it is that the men
receiving badges or tickets for good conduct and sobriety,
should also be required to muster before the police authori-
ties, say once a month, (or oftener,) to show their faces, and
have a register of their names and places of abode duly kept
up. By this means they would be called up by the consta-
bles on duty at any time, and sent from their homes with all
possible despatch, to any fire. As their attendance periodi-
cally would require some expenditure of time, and in conside-
ration also that they should always hold themselves in readi-
ness, we should propose that, on passing each muster, they
should each receive the sum of say is., or 12s. per annum.
This would be an inducement, in the nature of a tie upon
them. Some system of simple and not irksome discipline
might also be introduced to render them more expert; and
thus we should always have an efficient body ready to co-
operate with the regular fire-police, and who might be called
" the assistant firemen."

PUBLIC-HOUSE CASE : SUSPENSION OF A POLICE-OFFI-
CER.—On Friday last no less than 14 publicans and five
beersellers were brought before the Police-court for in-
fringing the law ; of the former four were fined £4 each, one
£3, one £2, and the rest acquitted. One beerseller was con-
victed in the penalty of £4, and another £2, and the rest
were acquitted. The following case deserves more than a
mere passing notice. Patrick Hart, publican, of Lower
Harrington-street, appeared to answer a charge of having
his house open on Sunday morning last for the sale of spirits,
contrary to the clause introduced into the Improvement Act.
Mr. Trafford, barrister, appeared for the defendant. David
Haines, officer, No. 267, stated that, on Sunday morning
week, about half-past nine o'clock, he saw a man and woman
go into the house of the defendant, and, shortly afterwards,
one of them came out with a bottle containing rum. In con-
tradiction of this, Mr. Trafford called two servants and a
lodger, who swore they were in the house all the morning,
and no drink whatever was supplied to any one. The lodger
stated that the landlady had refused to comply with his re-
quest for drink, at the same time observing that she was glad
of the regulation, as it gave them rest on a Sunday. Mr.
Trafford put it to the magistrate whether he would convict on
the testimony of one man only, when he was contradicted by
the positive evidence of two witnesses. Mr. Rushton : " Yes,
I shall. I don't believe the evidence of the servant girl at
all." It appearing from the cross-examination of Haines,
that officer 96 had gone into the house of the defend-
ant at the time, and had some conversation with the
landlady, that, officer was sent for, and, in the meantime,
the case stood over. Bowman Adamson, publican, of
Garden-street, appeared under a summons for selling ale
on Sunday week, contrary to the Improvement Act.
Mr. Harden, barrister, appeared for the defendant. Haines
stated, that on Sunday morning week, about eleven
o'clock, he saw a woman come out of the back door of
Mr. Adamson's public-house with a jug containing ale in
her hand, and that he saw, through the window, a female
serve her with the ale. It appeared from the cross-examina-
tion of the witness, that he had been out, dressed in plain
clothes, watching the public-houses from eight o'clock that
morning. Mr. Harden said, he trusted the magistrate would
not think that sufficient evidence on which to convict the
defendant. It was the unsupported testimony of an officer
who was the informer, and acting in the character of a spy.
Mr. Rushton said, he would not have the witness called a
spy, and it did not reflect any credit on those who had in-
structed Mr. Harden to call him one. Mr. Harden assured
the magistrate that he was not so instructed, but he had used
the term himself in consequence of what the witness had
then stated. Mr. Rushton said, the officer was not a spy,
but one of the detective police force, and he had gone out
dressed in plain clothes by his (Mr. Rushton's) orders, in
order to detect those who infringed that act of parliament,
an act which was working well for the town in diminishing
crime, and it was essentially necessary to adopt that system
to discover those who were guilty of selling in the pro-
scribed hours. After some further observations from Mr.
Harden on the evil consequences which, he said, were
likely to result from the system, and remarks from Mr.
Rushton in justification of that system. Mr. Harden said,
he would call witnesses to contradict Haines. Miss Mary
Adamson, sister of the defendant, was then called. She
stated that the bar of her brother's house was locked up at
twelve o'clock on Saturday, and was not opened till one the
next day, with the exception of a short time between ten and
eleven on Sunday morning for the purpose of being cleaned.
The only two females in the house were herself and the ser-
vant. The latter was called, and fully corroborated the evi-
dence of Miss Adamson, adding that no ale whatever was
sold on Sunday morning. Haines, the officer, here assured
the court, that the last witness was the female whom he had
seen through the window hand the jug to the person who
broke it in the street. The servant, who appeared a very
respectable young woman, said the officer must be mistaken,
as she had not done so. She was subjected to a rigid cross-
examination by Mr. Rushton, but the only material fact
elicited was, that there was no window at the back of her
master's house at all, and, therefore, the officer must be
stating what was not true. Miss Adamson also assured the
magistrate there was no window at the place mentioned by the
officer. Mr. Rushton said he would have the fact ascertained,
and desired Mr. Leverett, one of the superintendents of
police, to accompany the officer and the female to the place,
to see the officer point out the window, and then to ascertain
whether it looked into the defendant's house. Mr. Leverett
departed for this purpose, and, on his return, being sworn,
said he had seen the window pointed out by the officer
and it was that of a boarding-house, next door to the one oc-
cupied by the defendant. Mr. Harden said Haines had
sworn positively that the witness had handed the jug. Mr.
Rushton (to the servant) . " Were you in this boarding-house
that morning? Witness. No sir, I was not." Mr. Leverett
said there was a female servant at the boarding-house not un-
like the witness, and Haines said be bad mistaken the one for
the other. Mr. Harden said the female who broke the jug
in the street was forthcoming if the magistrate wished to in-
vestigate the case any further. Mr. Rushton said what had
occurred would prevent him from taking uny other uncorro-
borated case that day. The officer had sworn positively that
the witness was the female who had supplied the ale, and it
turned out he was mistaken The case must be further in-
vestigated. Mr. Rushton then desired Mr. Leverett to bring
the servant at the boarding-house to hit n, as he wished to
speak to her. and, in the mean time, the officer mus be sus-
pended. Jn the case of Mr Hart, officer 96 was called, but,
his evidence affording no corroboration to that of Haines, the
against
Case against him was dismissed. Four informations '
other houses also shared the same fate. On Saturday, Mr.
Rushton, seeing police-officer Haines in court, told him that
be need not wait longer. He (Mr. Rushton) had
aseerairut • ed
beyond a doubt that ale was sold on Sunday morning at a house
in the passage in question, but not at Mr. Adamson's, and
was
that the police-officer had seen it handed to a part
the window of which he spoke. He (Haines,) however,
through
rash in saying that it was handed by the same womann e a na ‘lli
g brot.
had appeared in court to give evidence for Adamson,
Rushton concluded by saying he would consider what should
be done: he would do nothing hastily, and Hai
leave the court,

ANOTHER FIRE AT THE DUKE'S WARE-
HOUSES.

It is only three weeks since we had to record the particu-
lars of an alarming fire that occurred in the eastern wing of
the fine pile of warehouses situate between the Duke's and
King's Docks; and we have now again to describe another
conflagration which broke out, on Saturday evening last. in
the western wing of the same pile, and has proved little less
extensive,, while it has, perhaps, destroyed quite as large an
amount of 01:Merry. In the brief interval we have had two
other destructive fires in this town, one in Formby-street,
on Saturday fortnight, and one in J ack son's-lane, on Friday
week.
The fire of Saturday evening last was discovered about
half-past five o'clock, shortly after the men had quitted
work, when flames were seen issuing from the roofs of the
second and third warehouses from the western end of the
range. The police-officers on duty at the docks immediately
passed the word to the Fire Police-station, and we need not
say that the active officers of that establishment attended
promptly with the necessary apparatus. Engines: and wa-
ter.carts were on the ground, and the proper dispositions
made for contending with the fire, before six o'clock.
Mr. Whitty lost not a moment in ascertaining the pre-
cise aspect and probable direction of the fire. The flames
which arose from the roofs of the second and third ware-
houses were blown, by a rather fresh breeze from the north-
west, across those of the fourth and fifth warehouses, to both
of which they had communicated. Water was supplied
plentifully from the docks, and nine engines were soon
disposed in proper positions to draw up the liquid and to
play upon the buildings. Mr. Hewitt, the superintend-
ent of engines, with his accustomed alacrity mounted
to the roof of the first warehouse, or that bounding the
pile to the westward, and thence directed the play of wa-
ter through the burning roofs of the adjoining structures,
while Mr. Whitty and Superintendent Leveratt ascended the
staircase of Nos. 7 warehouse, and on reaching the jigger-
loft found the roof all in a blaze, the fire making fearful pro-
gress towards the centre warehouse. Leveratt, by the direc-

tion of Mr. Whitty, carried the branch of No. 7 engine into
the jigger-loft, but from the intense heat and smoke was
compelled to retire in an almost fainting state, but was
promptly relieved by police-constable 355, Dixon, who was
unable to remain until the fire was cut off; the police-con-
stable got one of his whiskers very much singed. The water,
which was poured from the rooms on each side, however,
with that from a very powerful engine in front, soon beat
down the flames, but, as the fire raged in the midst of a mass
of cotton, in the two rooms immediately below :the jigger
rooms, it was only on its outer surface, so to speak, that any
visible effect could be produced, and even that was anything
but permanent. The fire, indeed, for some time bore a most

threatening aspect, and it was evident, at length, that it was
burning in the second warehouse, through the floor below that
of the jigger-room, into the fifth room from the basement.

. ... .
At this juncture Mr. George Hewitt, brother to the super-
intendent of engines, an extremely active and courageous
young man, was employed in the room last alluded to. He
was informed that Mr. Whitty, who wished to employ him

in some other quarter, was inquiring for him. Instead of
following his informant down stairs, he observed that he
would take the shortest way, and ran to the ladder which was
reared up to that room. Blinded with the smoke he missed
his footing, and was precipitaited from that vast height to
the pavement below. He was immediately taken up and
sent home in a car. We hear that, though greatly shaken
and much cut and bruised, he was not so seriously injured as
might have been apprehended. No bones we understand,
were broken.

In spite of all the endeavours that were made, the fire de-
scended to the two rooms (also filled with cotton) of the fifth
story of the second and third warehouses, where its further
progress was arrested, the whole of the four stories below
being saved. When all the engines were in fall play, immense
quantities of water were thrown incessantly into the burning
rooms and over the adjoining warehouses; but it was long
past eight o'clock before the fire was so far on the wane as
to give any lively hope that an ultimate mastery would be ob-
tained over it. From this time it gradually sunk, overpow-
ered by the means employed for its subjugation; and, by
ten o'clock, but slight apprehension was entertained of fur-
ther danger, particularly as the engines continued to play
upon the still smoking and, in some places, sparkling embers
with unabated vigour. In another hour or two all was con-
sidered safe, though the quenching and cooling process was
particularly continued.
The entire damage is variously estimated at £15,000 to
£20,000. The cotton consumed in the four rooms belonged
to Messrs. Melly, Prevost, and Co., and was insured in the
Royal Exchange Office, whichcompany will suffer, with what
they have on the .buildings, to the extent of about £5,000.
The ten warehouses of the pile are insured in unequal pro-
portions amongst various offices. The chief sufferers on the
present occasion are the Liverpool, the Sun, and, as before
mentioned, the Royal Exchange. Much grain and other pro-
perty in the lower rooms of the warehouses principally
damaged, and of those on each side, have received great in-
jury from the water. The grain, we are informed, is insured
in the Alliance Office.

[A meeting of borough magistrates took place yesterday
for the purpose of investigating the circumstances as to the
origin of this fire, but publicity is not to be given to the
proceedings.]

CHINESE EXHIBITION.—The Chinese exhibition is de-
cidedly the cheapest, most amusing, and instructive, now in
town, and those who have not visited it yet ought not to lose
any time in doing so. The dissolving views attract much at-
tention, and never fail to delight the spectator.
THE ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.—The Zoological Gardens
were crowded last evening with a fashionable and highly
respectable company. The grand tableau of the Siege of
Amoy excited the utmost enthusiasm. The fireworks were
of the most brilliant description, and many novel and
startling effects were produced. Every effort appeared to be
made to give satisfaction. The coloured fires upon the view
of Amoy produced a splendid and remarkable appearance,
and was hailed with universal applause. We predict that the
gardens this year will have a successful season ; the proprietor
deserves patronage, the most extended, from the hands of the
public. There are few establishments in the country so well
managed, or so replete with interest and amusement. The
natural features of the garden are so extremely beautiful that
a stroll along its walks at any time is delightful, but, when
thronged with the gay, gallant and beautiful, its charms are
increased many fold. A capital band has been engaged, which
entertains the company through the evening with the newest
and most fashionable music. We see the next fete is an-
nounced to take place on Friday next.
THE CHEAP "TRIP TO LONDON."—The day fixed for the
starting of the railway trains, engaged by Messrs. Crisp.and
Healey, from this and the neighbouring towns, we may re-
mind our readers, is fixed for Saturday next; and those who
are desirous of enjoying a delightful out to the metropolis
and back at a very cheap rate, would do well to mail them-
selves of the occasion ere it be too late, as a great number of
the tickets have already been purchased, and the increasing
demand for them by parties who may tied themselves at lei-
sure to visit the metropolis in a day or two may deprive par-
ties of an opportunity of obtaining them at the end of the week.
No one who has visited London of late years will deny that
its wonders are worthy of even a pilgrimage on foot; and
when it is considered that the passengers by these trains will
proceed with extraordinary speed, ease, and safety, (excel-
lent closed carriages being engaged,) and in the exhilarating
company, even from this port, of thousands of their towns-
men and fair townswomen, we need scarcely add more as an
inducement. The trip may be prolonged, including, to those
who desire it, four clear days in Paris ; or may be limited to
four or seven days' absence, to embrace London and its
neighbourhood, and, in addition, the proximste portions of
France. An excellent and well-digested directory to all the
lions in the British metropolis has been prepared expressly
for the use of the travellers, called " A Week in London,"
and containing concise and accurate directions for rides,
walks, and sails, of from one to seven days, to all that is
curious or interesting in the great city and its immediate
vicinity.

CORRESPONDENCE.

THE LATE FIRES

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD,

Stu,—ln consequence of the frequency of the late calami-
tous fires, the questioc has been very naturally asked, whether
shareholders in fire insurance companies are responsible for
the debts of the company to the full extent of their indi-
vidual property, or only to the amount of shares for which
they have severally subscribed ? A very general notion seems
to prevail that the responsibility is unlimited, whereas the
lawyers seem to say that the responsibility of the individual
is only in proportion to the number of shares he holds. Can
you throw any light on the subject ? if so, you would greatly
oblige a timid

May 29, 1843

INSURER

We understand that the Earl of Dalhousie has been ap
pointed Vice-President of the Board of Trade.—Standard.

The Cambridge election committee have determined that
Fitzroy Kelly, Esq., was duly returned as member for Cam-
bridge at the last election.
The Duke of Beaufort's silver cups, annually awarded by
his grace for the best foxhounds returned from his estates in
Monmouthshire, have been given to Mr. Gardiner, of Chep-
stowe, and Mr. Luff, of Trelleck.

CHRISTENING OF THE INFANT PRINCESS.—We have to
announce that Friday next, the 2nd of June, is appointed for
the christening of the infant Princess. The baptismal cere-
mony is to be performed at the new Chapel Royal at Buck-
ingham Palace; his Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury
will officiate at the ceremony, assisted by the Bishop of Lon-
don. The Earl of Jersey, Master of the Horse ; the Earl of
Liverpool, the Lord Steward, and the other leading officers
of the Royal Household, are commanded to be in attendance
at twelve o'clock on that day, Her Royal Highness the
Duchess of Gloucester is to be one of the sponsors, but who
the other sponsors are has not transpired. It has reached
us through a medium on which every reliance may be placed,
that the interesting event will be conducted as privately as
possible, consistent with the illustrious birth of the Royal
infant. The Queen Dowager, their Royal Highnesses the
Duchess of Gloucester, Duke and Duchess of Cambridge,
and Princess Augusta, Prince George, and the Grand Duke
of Mecklenburgh Strelitz, and the principal Ministers of
State, are invited to the solemnity. The cards of command
and invitation were issued from the Lord Chamberlain's
office on Saturday last.

SINKING OF A VESSEL NEAR GRAVESEND.—Between
two and three o'clock on Sunday morning a collision took
place on the river, in Gravesend Beach, between two vessels,
one of them going down in deep water almost instantly after,
and nearly carrying the crew with her. The vessels, it ap-
pears, were both colliers, deeply laden, from South Shields,
one named the Atlas, a brig about 180 tons burden, and the
other the Marion, of about the same tonnage. They were
beating up the river with the tide, but the wind being against
them compelled them frequently to tack. On arriving in
Gravesend Beach some misunderstanding took place, which
resulted in the Marion running into the other vessel with
tremendous force, cutting the bulwarks down to the water's
edge. In an instant all was confusion, and the crew of the
ain escaped, but were
Atlas had scarcely time to lower their stern boat into the
water before the vessel pitched forward, and went- down
unableste stem first.
to
save The
any crew,prup
property
yh
whheart
ecvaepr t.
The Marion not sus-
taining any material damage, except to her rigging, proceeded
up to London, and arrived in the Pool the same morning.
The wreck of the Atlas is in mid-channel, and partly ob-
structs the navigation. Attempts have been made to raise
her, which have proved unsuccessful, and it is feared it will
be necessary to blow her up, as in the cases of the colliers
Vesta and William, sunk a short time since off Gravesend.
The Atlas and cargo are stated to be worth £BOO.

o
Poott MAN OF MUTTON.—The blade bone of a shoulder
of fa
parts
of England
tt on s
knight of Windsor,"
—in contrast, it must be presumed, to the baronial " Sir
calledit is int termed
Loin." It is said that, in the last age, an old Scottish peer,
whose conditions (none of the most gentle) were marked by
Smceodtivda :a poor
rpoor roan," as in some
a strange and fierce-looking exaggeration of the Highland
countenance, chanced to be indisposed whilst he was in Lon-
don attending Parliament. The master of the hotel where
he lodged, anxious to show attention to his noble guest,
waited on him to enumerate the contents of his well-stocked
larder, so as to endeavour to hit on something which might
suit his appetite. " I think, landlord," said his lordship,
rising up from his couch, and throwing back the tartan plaid
with which be had screened his grim and ferocious visage,
—" I think I could eat a morsel of a poor man !" The
landlord fled in terror, having no doubt that his guest was a
cannibal, who might be in the habit of eating a slice of a
tenant, as light food, when Ii was under a regimen.—Sir
Waller Scott,

UNIVERSITY AND CLERICAL NEWS.

At a congregation holden at Oxford, on Friday, the fol
lowing degrees were conferred :

BACHELORS IN DIVINITY.
Rev. Charles Rew, Fellow of St. John's College.
Rev. Henry Hemming, Fellow of St. John's College.
MASTERS OF AETS.
Philip Sankey, St. John's College.
Edward Wilberforce Unwin, Pembroke.
BACHELORS OF ARTS.
John Anly Carr, New Inn Hall.
Arundel C. St. John Mildmay, Merton College.
Edmund Williams, Scholar of Corpus Cliristi College.
John Boyle, Balliol College.
John Morgan, Jesus College.
Rev. John Foster, St. Mary Hall.
Christopher Fripo George, St. Mary Hall.
Hon. Richard Godolphin Henry Hastings, University
College.
Henry William Beckwith, University College.
Frederic Boyd, University College.
Eneas William Mackintosh, University College.
William Miton, University College.
Thomas Bell, Exeter College.
Philip Francis Dart, Exeter College.
James Simpson, Exeter College.
Charles Fuge Lowder, Exeter College.
William illiamson Kerr, Oriel College.
Charles William Forbes, Oriel College.
Henry Longueville Mansel, Fellow of St. John's College.
Leopold John Bernays, Fellow of St. John's College.
John Baines, St. John's College.
Henry John Rush, Worcester College.

Rev. George Ludford Harvey, 8.A., formerly of Sidney
Sussex College, Cambridge, to the Rectory of Yate, Glouces-
tershire, vacant by the death of the Rev. W. S. Goodenough ;
patron, Lee Thornton, Esq.
Rev. John East, Curate of St, Michael's, Bath, to that
Rectory, which has been recently constituted a separate In-
cumbency, the same having been •resigned by the Rector of
Bath.

Rev. John Dunn, late Curate of Morval, to the Vicarage
of St. Eval, Cornwall, vacant by the death of the Rev. W.
Kitson ; patron, the Bishop of Exeter.

RITUAL OF METROPOLITAN CHURCHES

CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE CONGREGATION OF ST,

PAUL'S CHAPEL AND THE BISHOP OF LONDON

To the Right Rev. Father in God the Lord Bishop of

London

My Lord,—The importance of the subject must plead our
apology for thus trespassing on your lordship's time and at-
tention. The undersigned form part of the congregation of
St. Paul's Chapel, under the ministry of the Rev. J. H.
Caunter, and it is with feelings of the deepest regret they
have been informed from the pulpit by their amiable and re-
spected pastor tbat he has received your lordship's commands
to make certain alterations in the service, which are, at least,
novelties to us, and we may add would have been so to our
fathers; nor can we forget that the service of our church we
have been accustomed to has received the sanction of episcopal
authority for several generations, and is in accordance with
what the Protestant Church of England has enjoined and
practised.

It is not necessary for us to particularise these novelties,
or to inquire whether at a remote period they were in use; if
it be said they are trivial and of no moment we see less occa-
sion to harass our feeings, and to widen that schism which
your lordship need not be told bids fair to shake to its centre
the Church of England ; hut, on the other hand, if these al-
terations in the service to which we have been accustomed be
important, we cannot disconnect thetn from those obnoxious
and insidious doctrines which have been promulgated in the
" Tracts for the Times," and which need not be said are em-
braced by a large portion of the clergy of the established
church.

We have been bred Protestants, and glory in the name,
which the writers of these tracts so unequivocally condemn,
and we further believe there is not, and cannot be, any rest-
ing place as it were between Protestantism and Popery.
As to the alterations your lordship has commanded to be
made, it is notorious that the episcopal bench is divided in
opinion, on the doctrines contained in the "Tracts for the
Times," and also as to the prudence and wisdom of making
any alterations, or introducing novelties into the service of
the church ; we need, on this point, only refer to the charge
of the Archbishop of Canterbury. We have said, your
lordship has commanded these novelties in the church we
frequent: it is not improbable the next bishop who presides
over this diocese may be of a different opinion to your lord-
ship on this subject, and countermand the order now given ;
we cannot consent to hold one religious opinions on so solethn
a subject by such a tenure, and respectfully entreat your
lordship will allow the congregation of St. Paul's Chapel to
have the church service as preached to their fathers, without
mutilations or additions, which, though they may appear
trivial, the undersigned can only view as the insidious ad-
vances of those doctrines which they firmly and conscien-
tiously believe could only lead, if adopted and enforced, to
the re-establishment of Popery and the overthrow of the
Church of England.
We pray your lordship to avert the evil, and not increase
dissent and danger to that establishment which it is our wish
to honour and to belong to.—We have the honour to remain
your lordship's obedient servants,
[Signed by 73 of the congregation holding pews and
sittings in St. Paul's Chapel.

London House, May 24, 1843

Sir,—l have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of a
memorial addressed to me by yourself, and other members of
the congregation who attend Divine service in St. Paul's
Chapel, on the subject of certain alterations, made by my
directions, in the mode of performing the church service.
Those alterations are not particularly specified ; but I sup-
pose them be-1. The reading of the prayer for the church
miltant, as enjoined by the Rubric ; and 2. The giving out
of the singing psalms by the officiating clergyman.
With respect to the first of these charges, I beg to assure
the memorialists that I entirely concur with them in the
wish which they have expressed, that the service of the
Church should be read " without mutilation or addition ;"
and it is with a special reference to that object that I have
urged upon the clergy the duty of reading the prayer for the
church militant, which in many churches has never been dis-
continued, and which ought not to have been omitted in any,
when the communion service was read.

With respect to the second alteration, its advantage, in
point of propriety and decency, as well as of conformity to
the Rubric, is so obvious, while the change itself is so very
trifling, that I ner d not offer any remark upon it.
Upon the whole, I trust that the memorialists will, upon
further reflection, recognise the duty of a compliance, on the
part of the clergy, with the plain directions of that law which
they have solemnly promised to observe.—l have the honour
to be, sir, your most obedient humble servant.
(Signed) C. J. LONDON.
Sir W. Baynes, Bart.
To the Right Rev. Father in God the Lord Bishop of

London

My Lord,—The undersigned, on behalf of the congrega-
tion, have to acknowledge the honour of your lordship's
communication in reply to the memorial of the congregation
of St. Paul's Chapel. Your lordship adverts to two of the
alterations in the service of which we complain—viz., the
giving out of the singing psalms by the officiating clergyman,
and the reading of the prayer for
,the church militant. The
oider for the collections to be made from pew to pew, in-
stead of as before at the doors, the' observance of iaint days,
and the interdicting the hymn sung by the .chariey children
at the commencement of the service, all which we are in-
formed froth the pulpit were included among the changes
made by your lordship's command, are not noticed.
With the exception of the command for collecting the alms
from pew to pew, which we believe would in practice have
been found to defeat its own-purpose before, as we believe it
will effectually do at the present' moment, we are free to ad-
mit the changes are triflingin tbe abstract, but connected as
they are with the teaeta,Pf the Tractarian school, and ap-
pearing, at a time when their doctrines are spreading the
pgison of discord where there was peace before, we cannot
but reiterate the repugnance we feel to their adoption.
The alarm, my lord, we feel on this subject, is not
assuaged (we ionic in the first instance to the heads of our
church for protection) by an examination of your lordship's
late charge to the clergy of the diocese, for we find in that
.charge-the praise and censure of the" Tracts for the Times,"
theirauthofs, and the doctrines contained in them, to be so
nearly balanced, that we regret, painfully regret, to say we
rise from the subject with our minds perplexed.
We beg to call your lordship's attention to the painful
situation in which we, the congregation of St. Paul's Chapel,
are placed. Long previous to any commands on the subject
from your lordship, we had been warned by our respected
minister from the pulpit to beware of false doctrines and
false teachers, and of the adoption of forms and ceremonies,
which,- though trifling in themselves, could be recognised
only at the present moment as the symbol, of that- party who
would join tradition to Scripture, proclaim the sacrifice of
the mass, or something unintelligibly allied to it, sanction a
reserve in dispensing the Bible, and in a word, as they boldly
avow, unprotestantise this kingdom ; and we now find the
minister obliged to deviate from that form .which has so long
received the sanction of episcopal authority, and adopt, as
we believe, against his own conviction, and ours also, what
he had before taught us to avoid.
Can such a state of things, connected with our church,
long continue without alienating the affections of its members
and undermining its foundations? We think not ; and most
earnestly do we entreat your lordship to pause ere it be too
lave. While other churches in this diocese were open to us,
we should have found, as some have found, in St. Paul's
Chapel a place of Protestant worship free from these innova-
tions, but now that your lordship's commands are universal,
where are we to turn ? We will not contemplate the reply
tosuch a question, and again most earnestly and respectfully
bring the subject before your lordship's serious attention, for
we conscientiously believe we speak the sentiments of thou-
sands, we may add tens of thousands, in the diocese of Lon-
doth—We have the honour to be, your lordship's most obe-
dient servants.

[Signed by a portion of those whose names
were affixed to the first letter on behalf
of the congregation.]

May 26, 1843.

.rte_

INFLUENCE OF THE CHURCH

Within these few days a remarkable, and, says. the John
Bull, as we think, most important disclosure has been made,
which emphatically warns us not to lower the position, abridge
the authority, or circumscribe the influence of the established
church ' • a disclosure of such a character that we declare,
most solemnly, were all other reasons for making the church
the teacher of the people set aside, this alone would be suffi-
cient. We allude to the report which was read on Wednes-
day last,,at the annual meeting of the " itslational Society for
promoting the Education of the Poor," his grace the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury in the chair. Those portions of the
report to which we allude are the following. Among other
particulars it stated— _

" That events occurred in the course of last year (the dis-
turbances in the manufacturing districts,) which most alarm-
ingly directed public attention to the religious education of
the poor as the great and only safe bulwark of social order ;
that with a view to ascertain at such a crisis, howfar the in-
fiuince* of the church and:church schools had been beneficially
exerted in support of law and order, an inquiry was set on
foot by means of a circular. The number of answers received
was about 150, all from different writers, and all tending to
the same conclusion, namely that the effect of education,
whether in Sunday or daily schools, was salutary in propor-
tion to its completeness, and that whereever the means of
Church instruction was provided, Were the efforts of the dis-
affected were least successful; that in whatever districts
church principles predominated no outbreak took place; how-
ever grievous the privations of the people, except in cases
where the rightly disposed inhabitants were overpowered by
agitators from a distanceN

This would be enough ; but this is not all. The report
goes on to quote several of these answers:—
" The incumbent of the district where the disturbances
originated declared that, as far as his observation extended,
not one churchman had taken part in the turn out, or had
at any time been concerned in any unlawful proceedings in
the neighbourhood: • Several writers confirm this statement.
One of them declared that, although the turn out was com-
menced a few miles from him, not a single churchman had
taken an active part in promoting it. Another observed,
that not one parent of his church Sunday scholars, amount-
ing to 700, took any part in or was present at any of the
tumultuous meetings which had been held in his parish. A
magistrate of Lancashire stated, that during the riots he
called a public meeting to consider the best plan for pre-
serving the public peace—that the church people universally
attended it, and cheerfully enrolled themselves as special
constables, as also did the teachers of the church Sunday
schools to a man."

Other commtmicatiofis stated—
" That the rioters in the late outbreak were not church.
men, as might be proved by an inquiry through the chaplains
of the county gaols; that those trained up in the church
schools, by their adherence to their-country's laws and in-
stitutions, stopped the torrent of disorder; that none of
those belonging to the national school joined in or approved
of the late, agitation, although nearly all of them worked in
factories and were suffering many privations ; that among
the youthful mob not one pupil out of 1,200 belonging to
the national schools could be discovered, although the atten-
tion of the teachers had been specially directed to the subject."
Now look at the reverse of this picture. Some of the
writers—

" Describe parts of the country where, Church influence
being weak, and education neglected, the people were more
disposed towards lawless proceedings."
In one of these places where " church influence was
weak," 6,000 people were without a single school ; in an-
other, containing 10,000 persons, with no daily school for
the children of the poor, .• the place was notorious for vio-
lence and insubordination ;" while a third, containing 1-1,000
inhabitants, having but one church with only SOU sittings,
was so over-run with chartism and disaffection, had " actu-
ally contained a so-called- Sunday school in which 300 poor
children were initiated into infidel and seditious principles."

. .
By its fruits the tree is known. We hail with unfeigned de-
light this opportune evidence of the fruit which is gathered
from the blessed tree of church-of-England teaching. Facts
like these are worth a whole library of argument. They let
in a welcome light upon the motive of many of the dissent-
ers ; too many, we fear, who, being "liberals," and some-
thing more, for the most part, in politics, naturally detest a
system which works so badly for them. But these same
facts should be links of adamant to bind churchmen, and all
who desire peace, order, obedience, and loyalty to flourish,
closer and closer to the only system of religious worship
which secures these blessings.

ATTACK ON A PROTESTANT CLERGYMAN..—The follow-
ing facts show how desirous the Protestants of Ireland ought
'to be to see their lives and liberties placed at th'6"mercy of the
people and their bigotted and intolerant leaders :—On Sun-
day week, as the Rev. Gyles Eyre, rector of Kilmeena, was
returning from Buck field church, after divine service, he was
assailed by a mob of twenty or thirty persons, who pelted him
with stones, shouting at the same time for " O'Connell and
repeal." They followed the rev. gentleman some distance,
continuing to throw stones at him, and when he at length
stopped, and endeaVoured to identify them, they ran off
across a bog. Mr. Eyre called on several other persons who
were on the road, and who were witnesses of the ruffianly
conduct of his assailants, to assist him in apprehending some
of them ; but they refused. Numbers of persons who where
on the surrounding hills, on their return from chapel—where,
no doubt, " repeal " formed a suitable text—cheered those
who attacked Mr. Eyre, and testified their joy at the failure
of this effort.

Da. PUSEY.--It is affirmed, by an Oxford paper, that on
Sunday week, " Dr. Pusey preached to a large congregation
at Christ Church, and publicly, and without reserve. pro-
fessed and taught the great fundamental doctrine of the Ro,
man Catholic Church—namely, Transubstaotiation." An
Oxford correspondent of a London paper sail', ** The sensa-
tion created at Oxford last week by Dr.l:usey's sermon at
Christ Church Cathedral, in which the reverend professor
avowed his faith in consubstantiation and the doctrine of the
mass, has been increasecLby the announcement that a copy of
the discourse has been demanded by the university authori-
ties, with a view to examination and probable censure. It is
stated that Dr. Pusey has, however, requested two days for
consideration Wore complying with the request, and that it
is conjectured that he intends to plead the circumstance of
the sermon having been preached in his own cathedral at
Christ Church, of which, as professor of Hebrew, he is a
canon, as a reason for exemption from the cognisance of the
academical authorities." A subsequent communication from
Oxford states, that the sermon has been delivered to the
Vice Chancellor, who has appointed a Board of Heresy to
examine into the truth of the alleged charges. The members
of the board are—the Vice Chancellor; Dr. Faussett, Mar-
garet Professor of Divinity ; Dr. Ogilvie, Professor of Pasto-
ral Theology ; Dr. Hawkins, of Oriel College ; Dr. Symons,
Warder of Wadham ; and the Rev. Dr. Jelf, Canon of
Christ Church

THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND