The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-05-23 00:00:00

MRS. ELLIS'S NEW WORK !

MRS. ELLIS begs to inform her Friends and the
Public, that she is preparing a NEW WORK, now being
published in Numbers, and entitled " SOCIAL DISTINC-
TION ; or, HEARTS AND HOMES." The advertisement
and issue of a serial Work, describedd work, and de-
signated " Fireside Tales for the ' ng," was entirely without
her knowledge. She never to any work under such title ;
and that which has been -announced, instead of being a new
work, is only a re-issue of articles which appeared in volumes
of the " Juvenile Scrap Book."
Iloddesdon, May 19th, 1843.

SABBATH " TRACTS FOR THE TIMES."
Just Published, Nos. 7 and 8, price 2d., or Sc. per 100,
THE SABBATH a HAPPY DAY, viewed especially
in its influence, when rightly observed, on the RELIGION
of INDIVIDUALS. By Rev. JOHN HANNAH, D.D., Wes-
leyan College, Didsbury, near Manchester.
BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES on the subject of SABBATH
OBSERVANCE, showing its influence on the PIETY of INDI-
VIDUALS. By the Rev. WILLIAM INNES, Baptist Church,
Edinburgh.

Also No 14 and 16, which, being red 'las been determined
to issue imme ety,
THE SPIRIT and MANNE • which the SABBATH ought
to be OBSERVED. By tl ev. E. BICKERSTETH, Rector
of Watton. Herts.
CONCLUDING P ACTICAL ADDRESS. By the Rev. J.
A. JAMES, Congregational Church, Birmingham.

The intervening numbers from 8 to 14. and No. 15, will be
issued with the least possible delay, in order that the series
may be brought to an early conclusion.
Nos. 1 TO 6 ARE STILL ON SALE.
Price 4s foolscap Svo

SCRIPTURAL VIEWS OF THI4: SABBATH OF GOD.
By Rev. J. JORDAN, B.A.,_Vicar of Enskne, Oxon.
London : PARTRIDGE and OAKEY; Glasgow : MAC LEHOSE
and BRYCE ; Edinburgh : JOHNSTONE' and OLIPHANT and
SoNis ; Dublin 4 ROBERTSON ; and all Booksellers.

MR. HAWKSLEY'S LETTER.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL JOURNAL,

IR,—Having observed in the Liver-F.;lRerc•fry,
10 of the 16th instant, a leading article on "The Water
Question," containing internal evidence that the editor has
been seriously misled with respect to the data on which that
gentleman has based his arguments, I beg, through the medium
of your journal, to offer the earliest possible correction that
time and opportunity have afforded me of some of the more
important errors therein contained.
The editor of the Afercury states, as ACT, that the expe-
riments for determining the quan tit of water yielded by the
Harrington Wells have just been ncluded. This is not cor-
rect, as in truth all that has yet en effected has been done by
way of "experiment," to de rmine the "habitudes," so to
speak, of the wells and pu s. The final " adriteasurernents"
of the available yield hay yet to be made.
The editor next pros ds to announce, that the wells afford a
daily supply of 3,10 41 gallons, but that as Mr. Hawksley's
estimate was 1,700,000 gallons, the result proves an excess of
1,403,641 gallons over Mr. Hawksley's estimate.

These Wtatementi are, however, wholly incorrect. Firstly,
because the wells do not yield the stated (gross) quantity :
secondly, because my estimate in itself incorrectly given, does
not relate to a gross quantity, but to a residual quantity : and,
thirdly, because there is no such difference between my estimate
and the actually available yield as that deduced by the editor
of the Mercury.

I cannot follow in the track of other parties who have pre-
sumed to anticipate the report of the gentlemen to whom the
Corporation have committed the determination of the PER-
MANENTLY AVAILABLE yield of the wells ; nor, however agree.
able such a course might be to myself, can I venture to an-
nounce the result of any of the preliminary " experiments "
made by them; but with respect to my own estimates,l may
properly state that the results were obtained from observa-
tions made upon the yield of the Harrington Company's wells
at the level at which they were ordinarily worked, in conse-
quence of that company having rejected my request to measure
the water at the lower level. My retorts to the water commit.
tee state, in a fair and impartial manner the circumstances
under which my observations were made, and the conclusions
to which those observations had led, namely, " that the quan-
tity of water DISTRIBUTABLE from the works purchased by the
Corporation does not exceed 3,000,000 gallons per diem, and is
not less than 2,500,000 gallons per diem ;" and then proceed
to say that, "for the present, and until further data shall have
been obtained, after a period of dry weather, I will assume the
daily quantity at 2,800,000 gallons;" and I have elsewhere
stated, that although I was not afforded by the Harrington
Company the necessary facilities for obtaining results of per-
fect accuracy, yet that the observations made were such as to
confine the chances of error within narrow limits.

Now, sir, I will call yonr attention to one or two important
differences between myself and the misinformant of the editor
of the Mercury. And first, that it is admitted, and stands in
evidence, that the available yield of the wells of the Bootle
Company is something under 1,000,000 gallons per diem. My
estimate of the available yield of the wells of the Harrington
Company, after a period of dry weather, after deduction of the
very large quantity of water necessary and used for condensing
the steam of the engines (water which, being mixed with grease
and other foul matter, ought not to be supplied to the town,)
and at such practical working level as will preserve the water
of good quality, and the private wells of manufactures, brewers,
and others, who now derive water from sandstone rock, from
being virtually destroyed by the withdrawal of that water from
them, is, therefore, something more than 1,800,000 gallons.
The figures given in the Mercury do not, however, pretend to
represent the permanently available yield of the wells; on the
contrary, (and although greatly in excess of the truth even for
this purpose,) they represent only the GROSS maximum yield
from the deepest level, before the stratum has been drained to
that level,—without deduction for condensing water, without
reference to private wells, which are already becoming rapidly
exhausted by the operations,—and without consideration of
the important fact, that all deep springs afford the largest
quantity in the earlier months of the year, and the smallest in
thr Luat, au.nougti
my estimate may not be exactly (it would, indeed, be strange if
it were exactly) coincident with the result of Blessrs. Kennedy
and IMacgregor's elaborate and ably conducted experiments
and admeasurements,—yet that it will differ therefrom uy a
quantity which, conpared with the quantity of water actually
required, is wholly insignificant.
The editor of the Mercury next goes on to state that, " With
respect to Green-lane,the ascertained yield is 1,450,000 gallons
a-day." Now this I disbelieve, because the stratum of sand-
stone has not yet been exhausted, to a permanent level, as is,
indeed, manifested by the fact that the water is still receding
fiorn private wells sunk at a distance of nearly three miles (!)
from this station. The process of exhaustion is still, therefore,
going on. and until this is completed we cannot possibly obtain
the permanent supply. My own estimate, founded on facts,
furnished to me by competent and trustworthy parties, amounts
to 1,200,000 gallons : the difference is trifling; I have, however,
strong grounds for believing that my estimate will ultimately
be found somewhat in excess of the permanently available
quantity.
In the next sentence, the editor of the Mercury announces
(no doubt on the authority of his mis-informant) that "of this
quantity an average daily supply of 100,000 gallons may be re-
quired for watering streets and flushing sewers, leaving 1,350,000
gallons for the domestic use of the inhabitants," whereas "Mr.
Ilawkesley estimated the supply from this well, for domestic
purposes, at 0n1y.800,000 gallons."
Now, sir, this sentence displays such utter ignorance on the
part of the informant of the Mercury, of the practical conditions
of water supply, that I can only regret that the editor—whose
good intentions I do not for one instant doubt—should have
fallen into such incompetent hands. To rebut such a statement
as this, it would be almbst sufficient to ask of the common
sense of the people of Liverpool, whether they obtained an Act
of Parliament, and expended £BO,OOO in erecting an engine of
80-horse power !—and in the construction of a reservoir to hold
eight or nine million gallons ! !—and in the laying down of main
pipes of 18 inches diameter! 11—for the supply of 160,600 gallons
a-day ? The supposition is ridiculous, and as such defeats itself.
Let us, however, see how the matter really stands.
The requirements of Liverpool, in addition to to the more or-
dinary applications of water, are-
1. A peculiar supply for the extinction of fires.
2. A supply for watering streets, flushing sewers, cleansing
courts, &c.

3. A'supply for shipping.
4. A supply for cranes and hoists.
5. A supply for public baths and washhouses.
The first I will ieave out of the account; for although half a
million gallons, and occasionally much more, must be fur-
nished for the extinction of fires, whenever the calamity occurs,
and will at that time be a substantial deduction from the re-
sources of a work capable of Wording only an already much too
limited quantity, I will take it for granted that the inhabitants
of Liverpool will, on such occasions, and for such purposes,
uncomplainingly submit to the temporary deprivation.
The second must be diWerently treated. I have, as engineer
to the Corporation water-works, nothing whatever to do with
the application of water to public purposes, and shall, there-
fore, only presume to present an estimate of the probable con-
sumption, founded on experience gained elsewhere.
Demand has already been made for a supply of water for fif-
teen miles outlying roads. We may assume that at least an
equal length of streets within the town will require the aid of
water in hot weather. Now, thirty miles of road will require
here, and have required elsewhere, at least 442,400 gallons per
day, and at the same period of the year we may very reason-
ably allow the dedication of an additional quantity of 200,000
gallons for flushing sewers and washing courts. Under this
head we have, then, a consumption of at least 642,400 gallons in
twenty-four hours.
In respect to the third head, I may shortly state, that the pre-
sent limited supply for shipping exceeds 50,000 gallons per day,
and that much more would be taken if proper faciiities were
afforded.
As regards the fourth item, I may remark, that I have no
present experience of the quantity required in Liverpool ; but
the dock trustees have already erected two of Mr. Arnistrpng's
hydraulic cranes, and that many more will no doubt be em-
ployed, if an anequate supply of water can be given. We may
take the consumption for these (very profitable) applications of
water at 100,000 gallons daiiy.
Under the sixth head, the demand is now considerable, and
will hereafter become very large; I will, however, assume it at
no snore, in the principal bathing season, than 100,000 gallons
per day.
We have now, then, a gross total of 892,400 gallons to be de-
ducted from 1,200,000 gallons, whereas I have in my report only
deducted 400,000 gallons, being the quantity stated by Mr. Dun-
can as the requirement of the borough engineer for the purposes
of his office. Instead, then, of there being 800,500 gallons per
day available from Green-lane for domestic use, as I, in my
desire not to understate the quantity, had estimated,—although,
in fact, I ought to have been cautions not to overstate the quan-
tity,—there is far more likely to be only 300,000 gallons actually
available for that purpose.
I have now only to observe, that a singular confusion of ideas
seems to prevail in the minds of the public generally, and even
in the mind of the editor of the Mercury, from having failed to
observe that the question at issue really relates, not to the
gross yield obtainable at any particular period, and under tem-
porary conditions, but to the available quantity permanent/+l
distributable to the inhabitants at the time when their wants
are the largest and their resou:Tes the smallest. The question
of water supply, in truth, is not, and never has been, eii her in
Liverpool or elsewhere, dependent on an assume() average of
the consumption taken between one period of the year and
another; nor has It ever been considered admissible fora water
company to say to its tenants, "Don't complain of the insuffi-
cient quantity we admit we now give you, as next whiter we
shall have more water, and shall be able to do better." The
conclusive answer ever has been, and ever will be, " While the
grs.!s grows the horse starves."

With irony apologies for occupying so much of your valuable
space, I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
Liverpool, Mail 19, 1848. T. lIAWKSLEY.
P. S.—lt may not be cut of place to observe, that, after all,
Vila discussions now going on relate to a difference of opinion
as to the aggregate yield .of six stations, believed to produce
only four million gallons of available water, ( a difference
amounting in the whole to only a few hundred thousood gallons
per day.) although the ultimate decision must have reference to
a source from which it is proposed to derive a supply of at least
BWeen million gallons firer play—a quantity which, however ap-
parently large, is certainly not more than is due to the present
necessities and growing importanceof the borough of Liverpool.
Manchester has taken powers to obtain a supply of SO million
gallons per day ; Glasgow, 22 millions, and actually delivers
minions; Gorbals (a small portion of Glasgow) 2i ;
Lambeth (half the size of Liverpool) 7 millions; Bristol ( one
third the size of Liverpool) 4 millions, and many other towns
of importance in the like proportion.

iloitrp.

MONEY.

WANTED, in Sums varying from £3OO to £2OOO,
and upwards, on excellent Freehold House and Land
Securities, situate in Town and Co .
To be LET, some good H S and SHOPS, in central
situations.
Application to be e to Messrs. LOWNSBOROUGH and
HARDING, Accountants and Estate Agents, 46, Castle-street.
(One interest.)

LIVERPOOL DOCKS.
LOANS 'OF MONEY.

T_
HE COMMITTEE of the LIVERPOOL DOCKS
do HEREBY GIVE NOTICE, that they are willing to
receive LOANS of MONEY to a LIMITED AMOUNT, on the
Security of the Bonds of the Trustees of the Liverpool Docks,
at the rate of FIVE POUNDS per er Annum Interest,
for periods of either Three, F. ,or Seven ears.
All letters to be atldre- to GEORGE WITHERS, Esquire,
Treasurer of the Liver of Docks, Dock-office, Liverpoel.
By order,
DANIEL MASON, Secretary.
Dock-office, Liverpool, October 21, 1847.
LOANS OF MONEY.

BOROUGH. OF LIVERPOOL.
THE CORPORATION of LIVERPOOL are willing
to receive LOANS, in Sums of not less than FIVE HUN-
DRED POUNDS, for Three, Five, or Seven Years, bearing
Interest at the rate of FIVE POUNDS PER CENTUM PER
ANNUM, on Security of the Revenue and Rates authorized to
be received and levied under the provisions of the " Liverpool
Corporation Waterworks Act, 1847," and an Act passed in the
9th and 10th years of the reign of her runt Majesty, intituled
"An Act for the Improvement e Sewerage and Drainage of
the Borough of Liverpool for making further provisions
for the Sanatory Reg ns of the said Borough."
The Intereq will- paid Half-yearly. on the Ist of January
and Ist of July.
All letters to be addressed to the undersigned, or to CAPES
ASHLIN, Esq., Treasurer, Public Offices, Cornwallis-street,
Liverpool. By order,
WM. SHUTTLEWORTEI, Town Clerk.
Town-hall, 18th February, 1848.

LOAN'S OF MONEY.

BOROUGH OF LIVERPOOL.
THE CORPORATION of LIVERPOOL are willing
to receive LOANS, to a limited amount, for Three, Five,
or Seven Years, bearing Interest at the rate of Five Pounds per
Centum per Annum, on security of the several Baum RATES
in anti for the respective Districts of the Parish of Liverpool,
the Townships cf Evert on and 'lCirk(l,le. and of so much of
the Township of West Derby and of the Extra-parochial Place
of Toxteth-park, respectively, as are within the said Borough,
authorized to be made and levied under the provisions of an
Act passed in the ninth and tenth years of the reign of her
present Majesty, intituled "An Act for the Improvement of the
Sewerage and Drainage of the Borough of Liverpool, and for
making further provisions for the Sanatory Regulation of the
said Borough."
The Interest will be paid Half- . ,on the first of January
and the first of July.
All Letters to be addr to the undersigned, or to CAPES
Asnmx, Esq., Tre rer, Public Offices, Cornwallis-street,
Liverpool.
By order,
WM. SHUTTLEWORTH, Town Clerk.
Town Hall, Bth May, IS4B.