The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1833-02-01 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

VAN DIEMAN'S LAND.

The sources of accumulation here have engrossed •my atten-
tion completely; and the island possesses temptations, in my
eye, even above the glorious power to be obtained 'in our East
India civil service. See how I am changed! 'Romance, ,and
even ambition, have vanished; for amongst -all the beauties
and interests of this place, I am beginning to think none are
so beautiful as the interests of capital. The colony contains
valuable property, many sources of wealth, security, health,
every thing but money; consequently the latter obtains a most
profitable:retUrn. Interest alone on mortgages, with the very
best securities, is at fifteen or twenty. per cent. Invest your
money in stock fir wool, and it brings a return of fifty per cent.
:per annum—in the whale fishery, one hundred per cent. There
'are two banks founded upon joint-stocks, and the shareholders
are the wealthiest people in :the community; dividends now
paid' are sixteen per cent., the shares £100; the banks are con-
stituted upon the safest possible .principle—,the business is
almost confined to discounting bills—security is insisted on,
'and mortgages declined, lest land should be obtained instead
,of money. 'fhe quarter of the globe in which all these profits
are to be safely made is so little known, that capital has not
:been drawn to it. As a certain sign of the attractiveness of
!this place, notwithstanding that Calcutta is now.rousing all our
wishes to return, we have almost come to a determination, that
it. will be preferable to come hither three or four years hence,
'with a, littlelnoney, than to stay and dare disease and death in
Bengal; indeed, there are here so many advantages, that were
any calamity to .fall upon any of our hitherto unlucky family, the
sufferers might still have a chance of happiness and plenty by
coming to Van Dieman's Land. I shall endeavour to take ad-
. vautage of what I know concerning this place for this express
object. Conceive what fifteen years' accumulation at fifteen
per cent. would add to our fortune. Were you a poor man, I
could not recommend to you a better mode of creating a fortune
for your children than on their birth to send out £lOO or £2OO,
to be invested here in building land, sheep, cattle, bank stock,
or whale fishery shares—but you are rich. Great communica-
tion with India will soon be brought about, to the benefit of
the colony, and I am glad to have been one of its first visitors.
I should not be much surprised if I pay this place another visit
' within two years; and if I do, I will make the most of it, so
help -me, dollars and rupees ! I have only to bring down a
broken-winded done-up Arab or two; and their prices, as colo-
nial breeders, will pay my current oxpenses, whilst the little
money I may have may all be laid out. In making such in-
vestments, the two great points to be observed are obviously the
security of the property, and the simplicity of its management;
the agriculturist is sure of a market as long as this country is
growing, and the seasons of Sydney so uncertain. Whilst the
rates of profit on capital continue so high, there is no doubt ,of
population being encouraged, and wealth increasing; and as
long as the increase of population keeps pace with the increase
of capital, the rate of profits will not fall.
From these few remarks I deduce the certain inference that
there is no immediate prospect of any check to that rise in the
value of land, and such other property, which is now observable.
Money wed invested in land here, and allowed to accumulate,
will be tenfold its original value in fifteen years. Two hundred
pounds would purchase a noble property here; in England the
interest on it would scarcely furnish two boxes of millinery
annually ! You have no idea of the cheapness of things here •
£lOOO will buy a fine, healthy, and beautiful estate of 1206
acres, 200 of them already in cultivation, and the whole be-
coming more valuable every year. Corn and potatoes export
to Sydey, wool to England. Wool averages sixpence a pound:
the whole colony is on the advance, and its resources remain to
be developed. Fresh lauds are granted in square wiles, in the
proportion of one sqtlare mile, or 610 acres, for every £5OO
sterling of capital, which the applicant can immediately corn-
' mand to the extent of 4 square mites, or 2560 acres, which: is the
largest grant that is made to any settler without purchase, as
the smallest is 320 acres. The total territory in acres is
15,000,000; of which about one-half is rocky, or thickly wooded,
the rest arable and pasture; arable being as one to six of pas-
ture. Total acres granted to December, 1829, 1,323,553; con-
sequently, =located acres, 13,676,447. The wool of Van Die-
man's Laud is of peculiar softness, and from the greater atten-
tion now paid to cleaning and packing, the price is rising.
Wheat is of a. very superior quality, weighing generally about
sixty, and sometimes as much as sixty-live pounds a bushel.
Oats are beginning to be raised,., barley has not yet succeeded;
peas and other species of pulse are plentiful. Skins are also
valuable; seal-skins the most so, being worth about twenty-five
shillings each in England. Kangaroo-skins are essentially
useful in the colony for hats, and also for shoes, which are re-
markably durable; when well packed and of a good size, these
skins fetch nearly sixpence a pound in London. Shoemakers
make one hundred per cent. on the raw material.
I have mentioned already how luxuriantly fruits and vege-
tables grow with ordinary attention in almost every part of the;
island. A plentiful supply of the most useful vegetables may
be provided all the year round: such is the general climate
even about Hobarton, which is on the most exposed side, that
green
_peas may always be had for the table from the !Ten'
ground. The growth of fruit-trees is so rapid as to astonish a
Stranger;, many settlers who have not been more than five or
six years iu the colony, have now gardens from three to six
acres in extent, in which the fruit-trees are so large as to give
them the appearance of orchards. To all these sources of
wealth and comfort, the convict population contribute instead
of interrupting, for they supply us with the only labour to be
had. Independence can grow rich in so many ways, that no
one will hire himself for labour unless obliged; and, thanks to
the skill of our governor, Colonel Arthur, the rascals arc kept
under perfect subjection by means of a tread-mill and good
beef and pudding. The bush (alas jungle,) ten years ago, was
full of escaped villains, who sucked the blood of both men and
cattle, until an effective system of police cut off their heads,
and overawed the refractory members, who remain in chains.
There are comparatively now few complaints, and no disturb-
ances. The offence for which they are transported is never
made known, unless by themselves; an account is kept during
the passage of their conduct, and each individual is recom-
mended to service accordingly. After five or seven years, if
they behave well, a ticket of leave is given them, which enables
them to keep a shop, or enter into any other concern for their
own livelihood : thus every encouragement is held out to im-
provement, whilst on the other hand, very strict rules are laid
down, to which obedience is enforced. The masters of assigned
servants are equally obliged to conform to these regulations,
under pain of forfeiting the indulgence of having these servants,
for such it is justly considered. .
Upon the complaint of the master, the convicts are punished
for ill conduct in proportion to their offence, either by means
of the tread-mill, or by confinement in a gaol set apart for the
purpose, and set to work upon the roads, wearing a black and
yellow dress, and chained and guarded by sentries; this is of
course confined to the men. About 120 form the chain gang,
who are always at work in and about Hobarton • this gang is
divided into two classes, separated according to their behaviour.
About 350 are employed throughout the colony. The parallel
punishment for the women is the yellow dress, solitary confine-
ment, and having their hair cut off. They are, generally
speaking, a still lower grade of beings than the men. I pity
the ladies much who are under the necessity of admitting such
degraded creatures into their domestic establishments, but there
is no choice. Such is the mistrust in their characters, that they
are not allowed to go from one house to another without a
guard. There are separate houses of correction for each sex,
and the same at Launceston. No convict servant can be dis-
charged except by an order of a magistrate. A certain quantity
of yearly clothing roust be given, but no money on any pretence.
The anndal expense of a convict servant, clothes and all in-
, eluded, 1 heard estimated at from £2O to £25.

You may judge from this how useless it is to bring out ser-
vants from Engtand, even if they would remain with you, which
you may be sure they will not. The lowest wages for a free
servant is £24, the food besides is to be calculated. The pre-
vailing vice is drunkenness, which, in Hobarton, is rather
encouraged than repressed by the extraordinary number of
spirit shops. As a specimen, from October 1, lti29, fifty pub-
licans in Hobarton, and sixty-seven iu the• country, received
hcenees for the ensuing year. But up the country, away from
this temptation, and under a strict though not a severe master,
they often turn out wed, and redeem their place iu society.
't he boys are reckoned the most irreclaimable; and so lime
anxious are masters to have them, that au order has been made,
compelling the taking of one boy to a certain proportion of
men.

Hobarton, the capital, is increasing in• extent with amazing
rapidity; and as it stands on the olity- excellent harbour, there
is no doubt of its continuing unrivalled. The ground in the
neighbourhood is proportionabiy riling iu value. To give you
au idea of this, I am just now in treaty for £lOO worth of land,
which.six
_years ago sold for £1 an acre, and is now valued at
£4O. Adjoining to houses in Hobarton, land sells at £3OO per
acre; my purchase is not a quarter of a mile MK The city
will spread there iu live years, and then- it. will be woi to £750.
There are spots of laud within the town actually worth £2OOO
per acre.
A regular communication with India is now in-progress of
establishment, which will bring down a constant supply
.of in-
valid visitors from thence to recruit in this most salubrious' of
all climates; and positively there are nu houses to put them
into. This will raise the value of building land, and of house-
rent, which is already high.—.Prinsep's Voyagefrotn-Caktetta to
Van Dicinan's Land.

THE REAL AND THE IDEAL—To let the imagination sicken
with love of ideal beauty, till it pines away into echo, is worse
than folly; but to check our affections, and school our-ideas,
till thought and feeling reject everything they cannot see, touch,
and handle, certainty's not wisdom.—"The Alother's Story Book.

ROME.—The latest Statistical tables of Italy, give to •the
Papal government an army of only 6000 men. This is a great
error, as it appears that the laud forces alone amount to three
times that number, or 18,000 men, of which the two Swiss regi-
ments, which have been lately enlisted, form 4,400. These last.,
it is true, are not yet fully organized. On comparing this num-
ber with the totat,politilatiou of the Roman States, estimated at
2,700,000 inhabitants, (this is 100,000 more than the estimate
in our
,present number, ante,) we find one soldier to 150 inha-
bitants. In France •the poptilatiou is one to 75 Reckoning
that each soldier costs 100 midi, the Swiss double-that sum, we
shall not be very far wrong in `reckoning the annual expense of
the Roman mihtary force at two millions of scudi (f.:430,000,)
a sum equal to one-fourth of the whole Papai. revenues. The
naval forces are .nothing, or next to nothing. The Jews at
Rome form a.population of about 3,500 individuals, so crowded
together in their Ghetto, that if the rest of the population was in
the same state the city would have •a Million of inhabitants.
Although Leo XII. somewhat enlarged their quarter, space has
yet been so parsimoniously measured out to them, that more
than 80 families (consisting of from 9 to 13 individuals) are
absolutely limited to a single apartment for each. In place of
allowing them more room, of which, certainly, there is no lack
at Rome, it was simply ordered that in the event of cholera
breaking out, a Jews' hospital should be established beyond
the precincts of the Ghetto. As a precaution against the disease,
and as the Jews are principally rag. merchants, and rags are
supposed to contain - pestilential miasmata, the government
could think of no better device than issuing a decree, forbidding
every Jew to keep more than a certain number of pounds of
rags in the shop, under very severe pepalties. This 'was not
all. According to the Rabbinical rites, certain ministers, called
Sciattini, are appointed to kill poultry in private houses; to
remove the blood and feathers, the truly paternal government
of His Holiness established a slaughter-house for poultry, in
which they must all be killed and plucked. Such are the pre-
cautions to which the ancient genius of Rome has given birth
against the cholera; they are sufficient to excite derision, and
to show in its true colours the utter and helpless incapacity of
the administration of modern Rome. Another recently issued
decree is not less ridiculous. Considering that the puppets
wore too short petticoats, the Papal government, in its anxiety
for public morals, prescribed the length in which they were in
future to wear them, grounded on the grave injury to public
modesty which this indecency occasioned.—Foreiga Quarterly
Review, No. XXI. (just published.)
SIR J. MACKINTOSH AND ROBERT HALL AT COLLEGE.—
When these two eminent men first became acquainted, Sir
James was in his eighteenth year, Mr. Hall about a year older.
Sir James described Mr. Hall, as attracting notice by a most
ingenious and intelligent countenance, by the liveliness of his
manner, and by such indications of mental activity as could not
be misinterpreted. His appearance was that of health, yet not
of robust health; and he often suffered from paroxysms of pain,
during which he would roll about on a carpet, in the utmost
agony; but no sooner.had the pain subsided than he would re-
sume his part in conversation with as much cheerfulness and
vivacity as before he had been thus interrupted. Sir James
said he became attached to Mr. Hall "because he could not
help it." There wanted many of the supposed constituents of
friendship. Their tastes, at the commencement of their inter-
course, were widely different; and upon most of the important
topics of inquiry, there was no congeniality of sentiment : yet
notwithstanding this, the substratum of their minds seemed of the
same cast, and upon this, Sir James thought, the edifice of their
mutual regard first rested. Yet he, ere long, became fascinated
by his brilliancy and acumen, in love with his cordiality and
ardour, and " awe-struck" (I think that was the term employed)
by the transparency of his conduct and the purity of his prin-
ciples. They read together; they sat together at lecture, if pos-
sible; they walked together. In their joint studies, they read
much of Xenophon, and Heredotus, and more of Plato; and
so well was all this kuowu, exciting admiration in some, in
others envy, that it was not unusual, as they went along, for
their class-fellows to point at them and say, " There go Plato
and Herodotus." But the arena in which they met most fre-
quently was that of morals and metaphysics; furnishing topics
of incessant disputation. After having sharpened their wea-
pons by reading, they often repaired to the spacious sands upon
the sea-shore, and still more frequently to the picturesque sce-
nery on the banks of the Don, above the old town, to discuss
with eagerness the various subjects to which their attention had
been directed. There was scarcely an important position in
Berkeley's • Minute Philosopher, in Butler's Analogy, or in
Edwards on the Will, over which they had not debated With
the utmost intensity. Night after night, nay, month after month,
for two sessions, they met only to study or to dispute; yet no
unkindly feeling ensued. The process seemed rather, like blows
in that of welding iron, to knit them closer together. Sir James
said, that his companion as well as himself often contended for
victory, yet never, so far as he could then judge,. did either
snake a voluntary sacrifice of truth, or stoop to draw to and fro
the serra logo machias, as is too often the case with ordinary con-
troversists. From these discussions, and from subsequent medi-
tations upon them, Sir James learnt more as to principles (such,
at least, he assured me, was his deliberate conviction) than
from all the books he ever read. On the other hand, Mr. Hall
through life reiterated his persuasion, that his friend possessed
an intellect more analogous to that of Bacon, than any person
of modern times; and that if he had devoted his powerful un-
derstanding to metaphysics, instead of law and politics, he
would have thrown an unusual light upon that intricate but va-
luable region of inquiry. Such was the cordial, reciprocal tes-
timony of these two distinguished men. And, in many respects
—latterly, I hope and believe, in all the most essential—it
might be truly said of both "as face answereth to face in a
glass, so does the heart of a man to his friend."—The {Forks of
Robert Hall, A. M., by Dr. Gregcn y.
THE CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES.—An amiable and intelligent
Italian traveller, Signor Arrivabene, of Milan, in a work which
he has recently published, laying before his Italian countrymen
a clear, judicious, and well-written account of the numerous
charitable and other benevolent institutions which the English
metropolis can boast of above any other city in the world, treat-
ing of the co-operative societies, says :—" It is much easier to
see and to lament that the working classes are, all over the
world, doomed to toil and privations, than to devise means of
changing a state of things, which seems inherent in society and
in human nature itself. But there are some men who imagine,
that if their nostrums were adopted, poverty and distress would
disappear from the face of the earth. Foremost among these
men in Great Britain stands Mr. Owen." After speakingfa-
vourably of his intentions and charitably of his eccentricities,
after relating the vicissitudes of his schemes both here and in
America, and their ill success, he adds—" Such is the fate of all
those vast projects which aim at changing all at once the con-
dition of mankind, without being grafted on the present state
of society, and on the habits of men." And after mentioning
the schemes of community of labour, community of goods, and
the common education of children, &c., and noticing the weekly
meetings of the London Co-operative Society in his time, he
makes the following sensible reflections :—" It is quite sufficient
to any person of but moderate judgment to have attended one
of those meetings, in which questions of political science are
debated, in order to estimate them as they deserve. The
speeches consist chiefly of invectives against the rights of pro-
perty, and against what they are pleased to call the monopoly of
the lands by the actual owners, to which causes, and to the
whole present social order, they attribute the miseries of the
greater part of the human race, miseries for which they see in
the co-operative societies the only, the universal panacea. That
poor mechanics should think and say such things need not be
matter of wonder, but that men in a higher rank, and who have
received a better education, should flatter and delude their un-
informed brethren by such sophistries, is subject enough of sur-
prise; for they cannot but know that it was the establishment
and the security afforded by the laws to the rights of property,
that began to diminish the mass of individual misery ad over
the world."—(vol. i. p. 162.) And again, about the absurd
outcry against " the tyranny of capital"—" When a workman
receives, in the shape of wages, a part of the produce, in the
creation of which he participates, and this by a voluntary con-
vention between him and the master, or capitalist, where is the
tyranny, where the robbery ? Tyranny and robbery occurred
in former ages, when many men were obliged to work for one
who gave them whatever pittance he pleased, a state of servi-
tude from which they were not allowed to emerge. But in the
present condition of society no man is forced to work in a par-
ticular spot for a particular master. Talent, ood conduct,
good luck snake workmen rise to wile
be masters, capitalists
'and masters, from opposite causes, frequently descend to the
condition of workmen. Instances of the former are more rare,
it is true, because iris easier for a rich man to become poor
than for a poor man to beconie rich, and because good qualities
are scarcer than bad ones ; yet the- number of successful work-
men is increasing,*and may still further increase through the
advancement of their moral powers. But to strive to impress
upon workmen a false notion of the mechanism of society, to in-
stil into their minds the poison of envy and hatred against those
who happen to be better favoured by fortune, are certainly not
the best means of improving their condition or snaking them
happy."—(vol. ii. p. 332.),—Foreign-Quar.terly Review, No. EN!.
Just published.

•-
lercer.—Feb.
Southwark,
. H. Jollifte,
toderick. SL

EDUCATION IN ENGLAND.—Liberty is the mistress of ever;
'thing in England. The restrictions employed are few, a 9
such only as are indispensible. Their trees are rarely pops.;
ded, or distorted, or clipped, btit grow luxuriantly, spreading L
the parks and fields as nature prompts ; their pleasure-grouv't
are not made symmetrical, but in imitation of nature; tb c)
houses are not constructed with a view to architectural oil,:
meat at the expense of internal convenience; but wbatecio'
may be the irregularities of the outward design, they'
almost always 'well arranged and commodious within. Then.,A
horses .are not fretted or tramped with useless exercises 40'
artificial paces, but are strong, spirited, and very swift. Ilea
finally, education is rather a rule, a guide, than a systeted
coercive modelling. 'The English' are, of all highly civilig
people, those who depart least 'from nature."—Coue-r
cuto's ObservatUrnsg an Exile.
AN AMERICAN'S k SELINGS ON FIRST VISITING ENOLANIkI,
"It is impossible," he observes, " to describe the feelings s'i'i
which I first set foot on English soil. It was as if may soul la
been bathed in some Elysian dream. As I wandered awes!
the enchanting villas which form the suburbs of West Cowes,
could scarcely avoid exclaiming aloud, "This, then, is real?,
the 'native land of Shakspeare and Milton, the brightest sts'
that ever gilded the heaven-of•poetry ; of Newton and 'Loel
those magicians •in the philosophy of matter and of mind;
Burke, I. ox, and Pitt, names synonymous with all :that
mighty and splendid in eloquence; and of a thousand othet
_lranian; qui terminant astris, and whose writings will continue
instruct and delight the latest ages."—Two years and a *hat% 41
the American navy.
INFANT ASYLCMS.—It is deserving of attention, that, ilia'
pendently of schools for the elementary instruction of childreP
above the age of six' in 'the Duchy -of Saxe Weimar, es-et,
village contains a district asylum for the reception of childro
below that age, who have hitherto been left without any supper
intendence at home, whilst their parents were absent at the;
work. This abandonment has been, and notoriously is, tt
prolific source of idle and vagabond habits, which it is'extreni
difficult to eradicate in after years. The asylums in ilues:Le"
have, therefore, been opened for the purpose of remedying t
' crying evil; the parents send their children to them in 1r
morning, and fetch them home in the evening. In the interil
they are fed and taken'care of; besides being taught to read ity„
say their prayers. There is not a single village in the who;
Grand Duchy, which is not provided. ith one of these excello,
Asylum Schools,' as they are termed ; and they are rapia,l/
spreading all over Germany_._—Quar. Jour. of Education, No. 1".
EXCESSIVE READING—When Rosseau wrote Emile, in 11:0r
land they read very little, and perhaps too little. But now tile,
)read read too much. 'I here is such an inundation of poetry, novel~
romances, and periodicals, that many intellects must be 0,11`,1
smothered under them. * * The mind has not time to cbger
this incessant feast. The romance of this week makes ell,
forget that of the preceding, as one wave obliterates another'
It happened to me several times to ask one youth or another,
what was the plot of a romance he had read a few mornti;
before. He had scarcely more than a faint recollection of 4'
as if it had been a dream. A more certain inconvenience, le;
suiting from this assiduous reading, is the weakness of sir;
which is very common in England. I don't know if ti"
opinion of mine is correct; because English education, esfe"
many that of the mind, has undergone an alteration wit
the last twenty years. The effects, whether good or bad,
this assiduous and irregular reading cannot hitherto ha`.l
rendered themselves visible. We shall require twenty yea,'
more in order to judge with accuracy whether, with regard
solidity of judgment and vigour of body, the consequence
been gain or Ioss.—COUNT PECCHIO'S Observations of an Erilga.
A YIRST VIEW OF CONSTANTINOPLE.—A few miles above
we entered the sea of Marmara, and night spread her Inant%!
round us while passing the lofty island of the same name. Pa't
lightnings in the north-east made us apprehend a contrary win"
The southerly breeze, however, prevailed, and we remained' ,11.
deck, waiting the dawn that should reveal to our eyes the rite
of fifteen centuries. It came with oriental splendour, and wir
it a forest of towers and trees appeared on the waters. It
dually rose as we slowly advanced, and by an hour after
rise the noble work of Constantine, the first Christian capiti."
the rival of eternal Rome, planted triumphantly ou seven tiilla
was fairly disclosed to view, each hill studded with eupwat. ar
minarets, checquered with funeral bowers, dotted, here air
there, with an ancient column, and girt the whole with a vepc
rable crust of time, the battlements of her glory. the va'
bay, which the mingling shore of Europe and Asia seemed :to
form, she sat, queen of cities, seat of empire, whether Chiliv.
tian, Heathen, or Mohammedan, chosen spot whence genio'
might rule the world. Two prominent objects of the pietnJ°
before our eyes were the seven towers on one side, and on
other the superb barracks of Scutari, the glittering whiteness (),‘
the latter beautifully relieving the long and broad cypress bei
of the great cenietry, stretching from them over the ple'l'
towards Niount Oetos, on whose summit the ruins of a Ronal",
fortress brave time and tempest. Farther to the right, we s"
a scattered village on the site of Chakedonia, and, near a ine'v
dow planted with gigantic cypresses, a faro skirted by a bolclll
picturesque rock high out of water. Continuing the same liv
the Princes Isles, where blind 'old Dandola refreshed his ge
leys iu 1203, and where, in 1807,. a British fleet lost several nisi''blended in one, and in the distance, over a low chain of ,
forming Mondania gulf, the snowy ridge of the Bythynian 01)1';',
Ts formed a silver arch in the blue sky.—Slade's Trawls
urkey.

ALLOTMENTS OF LAND TO FARM LABOURERS.—The follot!,
ing narrative gives the result of an experimentjto try the utilTa
of making small allotments of land to the labouring poor, mad
by W. T. C. Cooper, Esq., in the parish of Toddington,,i'l
Derbyshire.—". At Michaelmas 1830, a large field was diviect,
amongst l'orty.-one labourers, in pieces varying in size accortlol'
to the ridges into which it was accustomed to be ploughed,
ing the larger portions to those' with the largest families. 1" ,
•
laud was of the same quality, and was let upon the same tell,'l
as the former; but as it was for the most part extremelv
and out of condition, very little wheat was put in; aud,
it was apprehended in the spring that the men woulu hardly '.`";,
able to get their potatoes in ; but they turned to withlicar,;ll
good will (they were working for theinNelyes 0 and the fa,
t.
having ploughed the laud for them in the autumn, they set iny
of it with potatoes, and sonic corn and vcgetabies : their rf,",l
of potatoes has been abundant, some of the lots having yie
dsg
from sixty to eighty and ninety bushels. 'that the peopleie
ceive benefit from these allotnienis, is evident front ;he ial?,l;r
they bestow, not.ouly in getting out the twitch grass, and 0'1,;1
weeds, but also from their actually mas.ilig !food and saiostial,'l7,
w
hollow drains. It is further shown by their good and old,' cia
conduct. In summer evenings, instead of loungio;zl
the place, or doing mischief, they are occupiedab(mt
It is a heart-cheering si4ht to see from tine), to tiny pc,to,l'„'Lje
ter their master's work is dune, labour in 4 upon oa'
farms, weeding and clearing the clops tilt
then going quietly home, doubtless with the iadYelaiihntg
tion of their labour eventually making them iudepeouco',-
karish, as their fathers, or rather their grandfathers, hau
formerly. * * The rules and terms upon whicii the landtooj
is held are very few and simple, and cannot be raisunders at
or forgotten. In the first place, the rent is to be paid parkeict
on each quarter-day, under a penalty for default of from a t
loss of land and crop on it; seeondiv, if any of the loot Ind
convicted before a magistrate of any breach of the lame,
and crop is, in like manner, forfeited; lastly, it is par
insisted upon, that they shall be very watchful over then i-Ltd
of their families, and regularly frequent some plate of l)uit'io
worship; and especially that the children be not permitted to
idling about the streets after nightfall. In granting the allot
ments, regard was, of course, had to the characters of the 3?0,
plicants; and those who were notoriously bud were object
ling rule was all well enough to begin with: but, upon r.e,
tion, it was thought right to give those wheseeliaracters din
stand very well a chance of retrieving themselves; tts'qe.oo°
them said, " I know, Sir, that you have not a very good open
of me; but.give me an opportunity of honestly employina mY ti—b;
and you shall see that ray land shall be as well cultivated t
rest, and no fault shall be found with me in other matters-,
He has hitherto kept his word: he has hollow-drained lanr,
and bestowed as much labour and pains upon it as if it were .Ll'o
own freehold. I may add, that the labourers all reside in
towteor village of Toddington, and that the rents have, beec,
paid punctually ou the day when they became due."-11,rsiaj.
/ion, of the Society (!f* XLIX, 'Tao'
LAUGIIABLE MISTAKIi.-111 the Insolvent Court, a Jew
since, William Hancock, described in his sheduie as "
was opposed by Mr. Sparrow, the tea-dealer, and Mr. I,,nr'4t:
a wine-merchant. The Chief Commissioner : Pray, bit' '9,
ed t
what College were you educated ?—lnsolvent : Sir! Conlin, lo
sinner : I mean, Sir, where dici. you graduate ?—The Insoirr
( with an indescribable look ut amazement :).. Really,,
Commissioner Oh, if it is disagreeable, I uo not wish
press the question. The Insolvent looked round absorbed lY
iy
wonder.--Commissioner When, Sir, may I ask, did you ehii
ter into orders ?—Sir (replied the Insolvent, tossing SIP his
head,) I never solicited orders.—The Commissionert
turn was amazed, and, after a few enquiries, it appeared ,
the insolvent was " clerk " to sti auctioneer, and that
Reynolds had taken him for a clergyman. The conitiiif ion'
it
created some merriment by saying, aid trill) to
strange that a elergyinr :3,lmuti attribute his insolvency
the
studying the art of singing. Phis actually was stated by
an
insolvent in his schedule. His debts amounted to 1.:7901
his credits to
employmentEl7---a e° nt
os ustrtiundiayt o
theu b talg,
divine
art t
aabo.ut ibi
ey
lies ut~,
i
manded to amend his schedule, and write himself down " our
tioneer's clerk."

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