The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1835-07-17 00:00:00

TWELFTH OF JULY.

We (Dublin Evening Mail,) lament to say that in
some few instances—and they were very few indeed.—
there was a departure from the exhortations of the friends
of the Orangemen, as well as from the solemn injunctions
of the Grand Lodge, by exhibitions of a nature calculated
•to injure the character of. the institution. The avidity
with which these opportunities were seized, as an occasion
for a violation of the peace, by the Roman catholic party,
shows the prudence and discretion of the course recom-
mended; and we can very well imagine the mortified
feelings of disappointment with which that party are
filled that such few opportunities occurred for the gratifi-
cation of their malignant passions, and the manifestation
of their unextinguishable hate.
Upon the whole, there is Much cause for the congratu-
lation upon the forbearance shown by our Orange brethren
amidst the sneers, and taunts, and insults to which they
were subjected—in many instances, absolutely goaded on
to that which has been imputed to them as a crime; and
although accounts have reached us from every part of
Ireland, and, in some places, bringing the particulars of
the peaceable celebration of the festival, we do not find
that a collision took place anywhere except in Belfast.
We subjoin the account, and shall give, in our next pub-.
Ilication, extracts from the private letters that have
reached us:—

BELFAST.-MELANCHOLY Loss OF LIFE.-At a late hour on
• Saturday night, two arches, decorated with orange and purple
flowers, were erected in Sandy-row, according to usual custom,
on the anniversary of the battle' of the Bovne—one at the rear
of the Institution grounds, and the other near the bridge over
the Blackstaff river. A ❑umber of the inhabitants of that dis-
trict, chiefly children, remained as a guard over the arches du-
ring the night; but there was not the slightest indication of riot
or disturbance. About eleven o'clock on Sunday forenoon, the
Orangemen, and other protestant inhabitants of Sandy-row and
the neighbourhood, amounting to an immense number, at-
tended divine service in Christ's church. They were well dress-
ed and well conducted ; and did not proceed in procession or
in a body, but in detached parties, without any display of flags,
music, or party symbols. The church was :crowded, and the
utmost decorum was observed. Shortly after the service had
commenced, a large party of Itoman•Catholics assembled near
the Potted, and erected a green arch across the street, with two
flags, one green and the other white. This was an unprece-
dented proceeding, and owl(' have been done from no other
motive than to irritate the protestant party, and excite them to
commit a breach of the peace. 'Before the sermon was con-
cluded, an attack was made by the Romanists on some protest-
ants near the church. .Although the shouts, yells, and noise
arising from the throwing of stones, was so great as to allow the
voice of the preacher to be heard with difficulty, and the pen-
ple in the church were, no doubt, deeply anxious for the safety
of their friends outside, yet, so unwilling were they to interrupt
or disturb the service that not even one man lett the church.
Their.conduct was, indeed, most exemplary.
As the day advanced, the numbers on•both sides increased.
The Roman Catholics occupied Pound-street, Barrack-street,
Lettuce-hill, Institution-place, and College-square, North, from

whence they made occasional sallies, and threw vollies of stones
at the protestant party, who were stationed in Sandy-row. In
the course of the,day a detachment of the =kith regiment, and a
party of inouuteil dragoons, with the constabulary, and town
constables, were brought to the spot, and succeeded in keepiug
the contending pal ties asunder. Johu Agnew, Esq., sovereign,
and chief magistrate, and A. M. Skinner, Esq., J. P., wero
also iii attendance; and, whilst our reporter remained on the
ground, were most actively engaged iu preserving the peace.
The military were formed across the street in two divisions,
near Christ's Church, and whilst they remained there, no dis-
turbance of any consequence took place. About seven o'clock
iu the evening, however, the soldiers were withdrawn for a short
time, to quell some rioting iu King-stre;:t ; and immediately on
their retiring, a dreadful conflict took place. The stones weie
flying in showers, and yet, strange to Li)+, few persons, if any,
sustained injury. The military soon returned, and peace was
instantly restored. The green arch was torn down several
times, but as quickly replaced. The magistrates endeavoured
to prevail on the protestant party to take down their arches, but
did not comply, alleging that they were not infringing any law,
and that it had been the practice, for many years, to have simi-
lar erections on the 12th of July ; but they stated that if the
green arch was taken down, they would remove the Orange
ode. Shortly before eight o'clock, Mr. Agnew, the sovereign,
left the ground, the riot act having been previously read, and
the only magistrate then left, we believe, was Mr. Skinner, who
again remonstrated with the people, and urged them to take
down the arch. This advice, however, was not attended to at
the moment, and about half-past eight the military were ordered
to remove that nearest to the church, and they advanced fur that
purpose. The dragoons used their sabres in the attempt to cut
it down, but they could not accomplish it, and the infantry at
last succeeded in pulling it down. This tended to irritate the
protestants, and they became considerably excited. Some stones
were thrown which struck the soldiers, and the military were
then ordered to fire . About a dozen of shots were discharged,
and, we regret to add, that a young woman, Ann Moore, was
shot through the body and almost instantly expired. A coal-
porter, named Trainer, was also struck by a ball, which broke
)2is arm and wounded him in the abdomen. tie was carried to
'the hospital, and every attention paid him, but, we understand,
that it is feared he will not recover. Several others received gun-
shot wounds, and some were cut by the sabres of the dragoons,
but, we believe, none dangerously. After the shots were fired
the Roinish party left the ground, and shortly afterwards a
number of persons, said to be a part of the same mob, some
'of them carrying green boughs, attacked the house of a
Mr. Scott, spirit-dealer, at the corner of Millfield and Brown-
square. They broke open the door and windows, rifled the
money-drawer, from which it is said they took about twenty
pounds in bank notes, and drank or destroyed ten gallons
of spirits. Mr. Scott, who is a protestant, and his wife, were ab-
sent at the time in a friend's house in Cromac-street,.and the
house was locked up. On his return, about nine o'clock, he
found his neat and comfortable dwelling a complete wreck—the
:windows totally demolished, not a vestige of glass or frame re-
maining. Several other houses in that neighbourhood were also
attacked, and the windows smashed. About seventeen persons
were taken into custody and lodged in the police-office; they
are, we believe, all protestants. Not one of the other party was
arrested, nor were any of them, so far as we could ascertain, in-
jured in their persons. The general opinion is, that had the
orange arches been suffered to remain, and no attempts made
forcibly to remove them, there would have been no necessity for
firing on the people, and, consequently, no loss of life. Dur-
ing the night the town was tolerably quiet, although the people
did not disperse; but yesterday morning there was a consider-
able assemblage of persons in Sandy-rote and the adjoining
streets. Some murmurs were expressed by the protestants at
the melancholy catastrophe of the previous evening, and many
of them declared that there had been no real necessity for the
military firing. These expressions excited fears that farther
disturbances might ensue in the course of the day, and, accord-
ingly, the magistrates and military were in constant attendance.
Some rioting took place in King-street, Mill-street, and Brown-
square. The windows of several houses were broken, and some
individuals injured by blows of stones—but we have not heard
of any very serious injuries having .been inflicted. We under-
stand that an inquest was held on the body of the young woman
who was killed, and also an investigation into the whoe of.the
circumstances connected with the riots, will take place this fore-
noon. In the course of the riot in Sandy-row, on Sunday
evening, Captain A. M. Skinner received a blow of a stone on
the head which knocked him off his horse—but whether befoie
or after the soldiers hid fired, we have not ascertained.—Belfast
Guardian.

BALLYMACARRETT.—We have much satisfaction in stating
what is highly honourable to the inhabitants of Ballyinacarrett,
that the 12th of July passed over without the slightest disturb-
ance. Indeed, we have been informed by some of the respect-
able inhabitants who had an opportunity of knowing the fact,
that neither on Sunday nor Monday was a single individual
seen the least intoxicated. An orange arch was erected late ou
Saturday night across the road, which was suffered to remain
until Mjinday, when those who had put it up removed it. Nei-
ther military nor police had occasion to act in the district, al-
though the small party of constabulary stationed there, who
are, indeed, active and useful men, were in readiness had their
services been requisite.—lbid.

THE SPANISH SLAVE TRADE.

(From the Times.)

Our Madrid correspondent, in a letter published in
The Times of Thursday last, spoke with just praise of a
treaty which Mr. Villiers has just concluded with the
Spanish government on the subject of the slave trade.
But in. order to form a correct estimate of the merits of
Mr. Villiers in having succeeded.in putting an end tb
this iniquitous traffic, it will be necessary to point out the
numerous difficulties and obstacles which he had.to over-
come, and which he has overcome by a rare combinatidn
of sagacity and judgment, of conciliatory manners and
energetic perseverance.

:One of the first stipulations of the treaty of 1817 with
Spain, for the abolition of the slave trade, was, that the
King of Spain should immediately receive £400,000
sterling in oonsideration of having made it, which he did.
And the treaty was thought very cheap, and long and
tiresome was the process by which the ministers were
brought down to this moderate sum.
The fact is, the Spaniards felt no call for the abolition
of an advantageous traffic, neither do they yet. It is
probable that no treaty ever would have been made had
not the King been, in fact, bribed by this £400,000, and
his ministers consoled with the idea that the stipulations
of the treaty might be easily evaded. The King received
the money, and the treaty has been nearly a dead letter.
In order to be carried into effect, it was necessary for.
the Spanish government to issue decrees for its execu-
tion, and see them executed. It issued decrees, but was
very regardless of obedienee„to them.
The treaty was soon found imperfect, and an explana-
tory act was added in 1822, but which V, as never com-
municated to the authorities of the Havannah till 1826,
and that only at the instance of the British minister at
Madrid. In the same spirit the whole of the treaty was
permitted to be neglected, and never has the slave trade
been more flourishing at the Havannah than subsequent
to the solemnization of the treaty of 1817.
Between the years 1823 and 1832 no less than 325 re-
gular slavers left the port of Havannah for the coasts of
Africa; 236 returned, importing in them into the island
of Cuba upwards of 100,000 slaves. Of the 89 vessels
that did not return, some were captured by the British'
cruisers, and the rest have perished with or without their.
wretched cargoes on board.
The treaty of 18ta was limited in its operation,. and
very defective in ifs provisions : it only abolished the
slave trade north of the Line. The execution of the treaty
was left too much to the good faith of the parties con-
cerned. There was no doubt of .the zeal of the British
government, but the cruizers found,. on attempting to
follow their instructions, that the conditions of the treaty
rendered them almost inoperative.
First, they could only seize a vessel if slaves were
actually found on board, or could be proved to have been
on board during that particular voyage. The last case
gave rise to all kinds of chicanery, and if the captain
failed in his proof, he was saddled with all the enorthous
expenses of demurrage, damages, and costs. Conse-
quently a cruiser was extremely shy of touching a vessel
without slaves were actually •found on board, though
there might be even pretty good evidence that they had
all been thrown overboard in chains during the chase.
The provision of slaves being necessarily found on
board went very near also to making the treaty a nullity;
for the vessels employed in the traffic were kept on and
off the coast of Africa until the cargo was collected from
the country, and as the slaves arrived they were confined
in huts on the shore. When the cargo was all ready a
favourable moment was chosen for loading it.
In the night, in a fog, or when the cruiser was watch-
ing elsewhere or in chase, the slaves were hurried on
board, and the vessel disappeared. Thus a cruizer au
thorized under the treaty to seize all vessels having slaves
onboard would be perhaps for two or three months beating
about the most, unhealthy coast in the world, with a slaver
under their very nose, all equipped for the cargo, and the
very cargo gathering in sight on the strand, and yet be
unempowered to touch. . •
In short, the result of the operation of the treaty was,
that vessels with slaves on board were very rarely caught,
while vessels fitted up with false decks, bulk-heads with
airholes, shackles, bolts, and huge supplies of rice and
water, the food of the destined victims, were to be seen
everywhere.

A provision of the treaty of 1817 was, that a captured
vessel which was pronounced a good prize by one of the
courts established for the trial of these cases should be
confiscated and sold, the proceeds being placed in the
prize fund. Now, the slave vessels are of a peculiar
structure, built for fast sailing, and at the same time for
carrying a living cargo ; they. are, consequently, ill
adapted for any other trade ; when, therefore, they came
to be sold they were bought again to be employed in the
same trade, and, as they were sold where few purcharses
existed, they were bought cheap by the very persons who
were the last into whose hands they ought to have fallen.
Various plans have been attempted to avoid this evil, hut"
hithe►to all those schemes have failed: sooner or later
these vessels return to their original destination.
The inefficiency of the' treaty of 1817 was soon per-
ceived. In 1820 it came, accofding to its provisibns,
into full operation ; and from that time to the end of 1833,.
it may be seen from the volumes of the collection of
" state papers" that the efforts of the British government
have been- incessant, in orner to procure a revision of it,
or at least the addition of articles which would breathe
vi' bur into IL . _

The history of these negotiations is a remarkable ex-
ample, on the one hand, of benevolent zeal combined with
patience and long suffering, and, on the other, of a shame-
less indifference to a sense of national honour, of ob-'
stinacy, and the insolence of silent neglect. The-notes
of the British ministers have lain often many months,
some years; others, and those the major part, have never
been acknowledged as received, When answers .have
been given they were evasions ; sometimes, indeed, .pro-
misesi.tvere made of royal orders, which, if issued,
-were.

(Signed) JOHN BON AM CARTER,
JAMES LEWIS,
JAMES STEPHEN,
SAMUEL DUCKWORTH,
THOMAS AMYOT
HASTINGS ELWIN,
HENRY FREDERICK STEPHENSON.

NEW COINAGE FOR THE WEST INDIA COLONIES.

The following communication has been made from the Colo-
nial Department :

"Colonial Office, April 14, 1835.
"St R,-I am directed by the Earl of Aberdeen to request that
you would inform the Committee of the West India Planters
and Merchants, that in consequence of a representation made
to his Majesty's government, to the effect that an issue of Silver
Coins passing current in the West Indies at 3d. and 11c1. as
well as shillings and ::ixpences, would promote the apprentice-
ship system, it has been determined that these Coins be sup-
plied by the Officers of the Mint, to such masters of appren-
ticed labourers in the West Indies, or such of their agents, as
shall snake application for them.
"I have the honour to he, your obedient servant,
"W. E. GLADSTONE.

tWe have copied the above from Jamica paper of the 9th
June, and We have only to add that we !Live seen some of the
ut.mr-coins, the threepPnee and three-haltpatce pieces, which
are exceedingly beautiful, and seem well adapted for colonial
cusrency.j