The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1850-08-27 00:00:00

THE LITEIIOOOi STANDARD.

parative amount of pauperism under free-trade, and
previously to its coming into operation, we ought
to go back a year and examine the number of per-
sons relieved on a given day in that year and the
preser4. A return ordered by the House of Lords
containing this information gives us the following
striking results the first week of February,
1846, there were receiving relief in the forty coun-
ties of 'England 770,148 persons, and in the same
week of the present year 890,681, being an in-
crease of 15.6 per cent. In only four of these
counties, viz., Bedford, Leicester, Oxford and Rut-
land. Was there a slight decrease, averaging about
4 per Cent., whereas in some of the others the in-
crease *as 4 times the per centage. In the county
of Lancaster, for example, the seat of the free-
frade agitation, the increase of the number of pau-
pers in February, 1850, was 40.1 per cent. ; in
Monmouthshire, one of the seats of the iron trade,
it was 42.9 per cent. ; in Northumberland, Earl
Grey's county, it was 30.2 per cent. ; and in Mid-
dlesex 35.8 per cent ! Of the 12 counties of Wales
we have an increase in eight, and a decrease in
four, with a nett increase of 8.9 per cent. In two
of these counties, connected with the iron trade,
viz., Flint and Glamorgan, the increase of paupers
is respectively 32.8 and 50.9 per cent.
A very able contemporary—the Circular to
Bankers—of a portion of whose labours we have
availed in arriving at the truth upon this subject,
thus remarks upon the position of the country, as
shown by the Lords' Report, above mentioned :
" Nobody will attempt to deny that in the great manu-
facturing districts throughout the kingdom there has
been an immense increase of labour during the last
eighteen months ; but it is only by comparing our pre-
sent position with what it was before that period, that we
can mark our progress. If we pass over the year of high
prices, 1847, and the " year of revolutions," 1848, and go
back as far as 1846, we shall find that we have not yet
arrived at the point where we then stood. From the
return to the order of the House of Lords already referred
to, we give the number of paupers at the end of this
article relieved in each county in the first week of Feb-
ruary 1846 and 1850.

"It is clear from these figures that not less than 46
counties are this year in a worse state than they were in
1846, as far as the lower classes are concerned; and that
taking England throughout, there was 15 per cent. more
of pauperism in February 1850, than in February 1846,
notwithstanding the boasted increase of foreign trade.

" We must also remember that the number of poor
which come within the recognition of the Poor Law,
constitutes only a portion of the pauperism in this king-
dom. We have taken considerable trouble to ascertain
what is the actual condition of the unenumerated poor;
and we are compelled to state that almost every trade in
which the artisan is engaged, is gradually becoming
worse as prices and the profits of trade decline; and it is
difficult to see where the rage for cheapness will land us
in the encl."

Mr. Foyle has been promoted from the mastership of
Toxteth Dock to that of the Bramley•Moore and Nelson
Docks, with a salary of £zoo per annum.

The dock committee have appointed Captain Hen-
richson (whose wife and children were so cruelly mur-
dered) to the mastership of Toxteth Dock, with a
salary of £lOO per annum.
• AFID PASSAGE.—The ship Jacob A. Westervelt, Capt.
Hoodless, one of Mr. J. T. Crook's " Black Star Line,"
the largest merchant vessel afloat, arrived here yesterday,
from New. York, in 17 days.
tt he Arrow, trawler, of Liverpool, Thomas Rimmer
master, went on shore in the afternoon of Sunday, off
Formby. The crew were brought off in safety, but the
boat is expected to go to pieces.
The splendid new packet-ship Lady Franklin, with a
handsome state-room for the lady whose name she bears,

left New York for this port on the 14th instant. She is

4 tons register,

The schooner Margaret Hughes, of London, sunk on
Sunday night in the river Dee, near Mostyn Gut. The
Point of Ayr life-boat put off to her assistance, but before
reaching her she capsized. All on board perished.
THE BIRKENHEAD Docits.—The first emigrant ship
with passengers will leave Birkenhead Docks this day.
She is bound to Buenos Ayres, and has her full comple-
malt of emigrants as well as cargo. She is called the
Stranger, and is despatched by Mr. Macdonald.
PEDESTRIANISM.--On Wednesday a man named Cross,
well known in Birkenhead, walked from Chester to that
town, a distance of sixteen miles, in three hours and a
quarter. We believe that he accomplished the same feat
some time since.
CRICKET.—On Saturday last a match was played be-
. .

tween the first eleven of the Grosvenor Cricket Club and
fifteen of the Phoenix, on the ground of the former, when
the Grosvenor won in one innings, with six runs to spare,
the latter scoring 74 in one innings, and the Phoenix 68
in two.

It appears that there was no ground for the statement
of a contemporary, that the ships Isaac Webb and Tus-
carora were removed from one of the north docks—the
Salisbury—for fear of their safety. The harbour master
says there is no more danger to vessels in the Salisbury
Basin, from the roll of the sea, than in any other of the
half-tide basins.

POSTOFFICE ITEM.—About 80,000 letters and newspa-
pers were received at Liverpool from America, and de-
spatched from Liverpool to America, on Saturday week.
This number was exclusive of those letters and newspa-
pers contained in the mails made up in America for Lon-
don, and made up in London for 4, merica, which are not
opened as they pass through Liverpool.
CROSSING THE ATLANTIC.—Captain Emmons, the
veteran chief steward of the Royal mail steam-ships,
came from Boston in the Asia, on his one hundred and
sixty-eighth voyage across the Atlantic Ocean within
the twelve years last past. Allowing the distance across
to be 3,000 miles, he has sailed, within the period named,
over 500,000 miles, averaging one trip each 25 days.
The new Wesleyan Normal School and College, in the
Horseferry-road, Westminster, has been opened by the
Conference. It cost £30,000. The building is very ea-
t-- • •f--

.ensive, containing five school-rooms for children, dining-
hall, lecture-hall, and 120 dormitories for sixty male and
forty female students as teachers and attendants. The
schools will accommodate 1000 scholars, and in the play-
ground is a gymnasium.
A WISEACRE.—Last week, as a party from Oldham,
just transported here by a cheap train, were crossing the
Mersey, they were of course full of amazement, and un-
ceasing in their expressions of delight and wonder. One
of the company more grave and contemplative than the
rest, after musing for some time about the foam in the
steamer's wake, called to his wife, and exclaimed " I say,
Betty, they talk o'th Balm o' Gilead but there's plenty o'
barm here for au Liverpool."
EXPOSING AN INFANT.—On Sunday night, between
eleven and twelve o'clock, a labourer named Samuel
Shallcross, who was passing along Great Oxford-street
North, observed a hat box lying near to St. Martin's
Church ; he went up to the place and removed the cover
of the box, when he discovered that it contained the dead
body of a newly-born male child ; he at once informed a
policeman named Connor, who bad the body deposited in
the dead-house.

THE Inisu SOCIETY.—We beg to direct the attention
of our readers to an advertisement in to-day's paper, of
a sermon to be preached at St. Michael's Church,
to-morrow evening, by the Rev. D. Foley, of Clon-
inel; Ireland, for the Irish society. Mr. Foley is well
known here as a popular speaker and preacher, and we
trust that many will avail themselves of the opportunity
afforded of hearing front one living on the spot, the
progress which the gospel is making among the natives
e of Ireland. fbe:.

, in their own language.
A. STEP IN ADVANCE.--A few days since an office boy,
Iployed by a professional gentleman in this town, made

application for an advance of wages, which was not twee-
del to. The youth on this proceeded to descant very
eloquently on the paltry remuneration awarded to persons

in his dignified position, and concluded by warning his
employer " that it was his serious intention to call toge-
ther a committee of boys, for the purpose of consulting
as to their interests, and with a view to obtain a .more be-
coming reward for the faithful performance of their re-

ESTREM.—On Monday evening last,
mpt At Mr_ T.,Ltham'g_ the, Adoinhi

es, in Liverpool, to present the worthy host with a

splendid silver snuff-box, as a testimony of esteem for
his valuable services while steward to the Exchange Club.
The box, which resembled a large scalloped marine shell,
was beautifully chased and engraved ; presenting one of
the first specimens of art, both as it regards design and work -
manshi p, and was executed by Messrs. Clarke and Morris,
of Church-street, Liverpool. The following inscription
is on the box :—" A token of respect to Mr. George
Latham, from the servants and subscribers of the Ex-
change Club."
SERIOUS ACCIDENT.—On Saturday afternoon, at the
large building in process of erection for Mr. Thornton,
publican, at the bottom of Peter-street, in Whitechapel,
as the workmen of Messrs. Linguard and Merrick,
plumbers, Renshaw-street, were spreading lead on the
roof, the cornice, which was formed of brickwork, gave
way, and Henry Lightfoot, one of the workmen, wa •
precipitated to the ground, along with a quantity of
bricks, flags, &c., and most seriously injured. Two other
men, in the employment of Mr. Edward Sephton, the
contractor for the masonry work of the building, who
were at work immediately below the spot where the cor-
nice gave way, were also severely hurt, and a man named
Heywood slightly so. The wounded men were promptly
conveyed to the Infirmary, where three now lie in a pre-
carious state.
k• ISCOVERY OF THE BODIES OF THE Two BOYS
DROWNED AT EASTHAM.—The two brothers, John and
Thomas Gerard, who were drowned on Sunday week,
near Eastham, by the upsetting of a pleasure-boat, parti-
culars of which accident appeared in our columns at the
time, have been found at last. A man named Parr, chief
mate of the Rival, Liverpool and Runcorn craft, discovered
a body floating off Rock Ferry, while on board his vessel,
on Saturday. The body, which proved to be that of one
of the unfortunate lads Gerard, was taken on board, and
ultimately deposited in the deadhouse. On the following
day (Sunday) the same man picked up the body of the
other brother opposite the Snuff Mills, Garston. An in-
quest was held on each body yesterday, at which William
Cooper, a seaman, who was on board the boat when she
capsized, was present. It appeared that he had not the
management of the boat, and, further, that he was not
hired, but had embarked, as all on board seem to have
done—purely for pleasure, consequently there was no
ground for investigating the question of the competence
of the man to act as boatman. A verdict of accidentally
drowned was returned.