The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-06-06 00:00:00

ITALY.

Up to the 25th ult. perfect tranquillity prevailed at
Rome.

An attempt to overthrow the prnoisional government of
Milan wag made on the 28th of May, but was defeated by
the national guard.
The Austrians are reported to have made another un-
successful attack on Vicenza on the night of the 23rd.
A body of 15,000 attacked and endeavoured to storm the
heights in the neighbourhood of that city, but were vigo-
rously repulsed by the Italians under General Durando.
The Piedmontese Gazette professes to know, on irre-
fragable testimony, that the Pope has addressed an auto-
graph letter to the Emperor of Austria, offering his
mediation, on the absolute condition that Italy shall be
evacuated by the Austrians, his holiness declaring that it
is impossible that Austria can continue to rule in Italy
after recent events.
LOMBARDY.—PROBABLE SURRENDER OF PESCHIERA.
—A bulletin from the head-quarters of Somma Campagna,
of the 27th May, says :—`• Our batteries having caused
great damage to the besieged, and our trenches advancing
rapidly, the King, to save the effusion of blood at Pes-
chiera, has sent Major La Marmora with a flag of truce
to demand the surrender of the place. The Commandant
asked permission to confer with Radetsky. This was re-
fused ; but an armistice of some hours was agreed on, at
the expiration of which a definite answer was to be given.
The result is now expected. Peschiera wants provisions,
and our trenches are so far advanced as soon to open the
breaching batteries."
Letters dated the 27th ult., from the head-quarters of
the Piedmontese army, given a full account of the latest
operations. Peschiera had not yet surrendered, but as the
whole of the interior had been burnt down, and a truce
allowed for 24 hours, the final surrender was momentarily
expected. Four thousand men, part of the army of Nugent,
had arrived at San Michels), within one mile of Verona.—
No less than 30,000 votes had been given in the city of
Milan alone in favour of annexation with Piedmont, while
but 50 votes were registered against it. The lists were to
close on the 29th, and no doubt prevails of the annexation
being accepted in every part of Lombardy.
UNION OF LOMBARDY TO PIEDMONT.—OD the 28th
the voting on the question as to the union of Lombardy
and Piedmont closed. The union was carried unanimously.
A mixed Piedmontese and Lombard Government is to be
formed, to reside at Milan. The combined fleet of the
Sardinian, Venetian, and Neapolitan squadrons, blockad-
ing Trieste, had demanded the surrender of all the Aus-
trian ships of war in that port within a delay of twenty-
four hours, under threat of a bombardment.
The Risoryimento of the 29th ult. states that the delay
granted the Governor of Trieste for surrendering the ships
of war belonging to Venice having expired, and the latter
having demanded a prolongation of four days, the cony
mander of the Italian combined fleet had ordered the
firing against the town to commence. The Venice Ga-
zette, published at noon on the 24th ult.' announces that,
at 11 o'clock on the previous night, the Austrians having
left their baggage in the direction of Verona, returned
towards Vicenza with a large force. General Durando
immediately adopted the necessary dispositions for the
defence of the place, and half an hour afterwards every
corps of this garrison was at its post. The two parties
fought during the whole night, and the engagement still
continued at nine o'clock on the 24th, when the courier
started. The Austrian lines extended from San Agostino
and San Felice to the gate of San Bartolomeo, and their
main force was stationed on the road to Verona. They
had carried the first barricade on the side of Veronna,
and occupied the barrack of San Felice. They had
thrown shells into the town during the night, but with
little effect, having only succeeded in burning three or
four houses. The temporary station of the railroad had
been destroyed by their artillery. The result of the en-
gagement was not yet known. The Italians had captured
two pieces of ammunition and taken 154 prisoners.
The ofuysburgh Gazette of the 29th ult. publishes a
letter, from Trieste of the 25th announcing that the corn-.
bined fleet had raised the blockade of that port, and sailed
away. Count Nugent had arrived at Trieste.
NAPLES.-- INSURRECTION IN CALABRlA.—Calabria is
in a state of insurrection. The Sicilians are about to re-
inforce the insurgents, and to furnish them with arms and
ammunition. The first movement of the Calabrian in-
surgents was upon Reggio and Catanzaro, where they
would receive the Sicilian reinforcements and supplies,
and from thence it was expected they would march upon
Naples.

NAPLES-THE LATE MASSACRE.—The number of
slain is stated to be upwards of two thousand. The rage
against the Swiss soldiers is intense. A decree disarming
the citizens nas been published.

INDIA.—The dates of the latest advices are—Calcutta,
April the 19th ; Delhi, April 21st ; Bombay, May Ist;
Alexandria, May 22d ; and Malta, May 26th. From
Bombay we learn that the new Governor of that Presi-
dency, Lord Falkland, had arrived, and that Mr. Clerk
had resigned the Government into his Lordship's hands,
and was to leave Bombay for Europe shortly after the de-
parture of the mail. Sir Henry Pottinger had arrived at
Madras, and assumed the reins of government in that pre-
sidency. The campaigns in Goomsoor had ended in the
complete submission of the bill chiefs; the friends of
Chokra Pissye had forsaken him, and it was reported that
he had given himself up to Colonel Ouseley. The warm
season had set in all over India, and the heat was repre-
sented, in several places, as terrific. This rise in the tem-
perature had not. however, been attended with any in-
crease of mortality.—At Bombay there was an improved
market for imports, as far as extent of business was con-
cerned, although the desire of holders to take advantage
of it before the termination of the season had caused a
slight reduction in prices. At Calcutta the improvement
reported by the last mail still continues. Owing to the
check given to shipments by the accounts from this side,
freights have further receded. There has also been a
rapid fall in the rate of exchange, which may tend to
cause some additions to the large amount of specie at,
present on its way to this country.
The Indian steam-ship Benares, 400 tons burden
caught fire when about four miles from Rajmahal, on her
return from Calcutta, and was totally destroyed, with her
cargo, valued at £20,000. There were one hundred and
fifty passengers and seamen on board, and though twenty
perished through jumping into the water from fear, the
rest were saved by the captain causing the vessel to be
run aground in shallow water. Among those who per-
ished are named, Mrs. Hartley. Captain Whistler, Miss
Nash, Captain: Sneyd, Mr. Grose, Mr. Houlton (chief
officer of the Benares), Mr. Shanahan, and some twenty
others. _ _ _

A mechanics' institution, the first which has ever been
established in India, has just been opened at Bombay.

JERUSALEM,

EXTRAORDINARY SCENE.—MUStBIIII/1 Eeri fl', the Pacha
of Jerusalem, convened the Latin, Greek, and Armenian
patriarchs, with their respective staff of clergy, in the
church of the Iloly Sepulchre. on the 15th of March, where
he lwrrangued them in the Turkish language, inculcating'
peace, concord, and harmony, in order to set a good ex-
ample to the people ; and concluded by saying that they
oughtto do this for the love of Jesus Christ, before whose
sepulchre they were. Peace was made, and the Latina-- •
patriarch said to the Pacha I congratulate myself, that
your Excellency
you have made yourself the conciliator of peace between'
being at Jerusalem, to administer justice,
Christians—an office of the greatest honor and highest
glory,"

PRUSSIA.
On the Ist instant, a large number of mechanics assem-
bled in Berlin, and declared for the arming, and ex-
changed with the civic guard mutual promises of support.
They also engaged to stand by tne citizens against any
attack from the military. After coming to this decision,
they filed off. The proclamation of a republic was loudly
talked of in many groups.
The utmost indignation has been excited at Berlin, and
there is more danger now of an outbreak than at any time
since the days of March. Groups of unemployed la-
bourers continue to gather, and a proceeding by govern-
ment has set almost everything in a flame. Five barges
loaded with arms have been sent from the arsenal (which
is one of the few public ouildings the citizens have allowed
the tro'ps to take charge of,) down the river, and this
circumstance having been discovered by the students, the
populace became fearfully excited, and took possession of
the barges, which they commenced unloading, and never
was a more thoroughly revolutionary scene witnessed.
The unloading continued for nearly three hours under a
burning sun, the crowd increasing ev, ry moment as the
event became known through the city, and the anger of
the populace swelling with every case of arms dragged into
their sight. The arms were again lodged in the arsenal,
which will doubtless be placed under a guard of citizens
again.

A few clays since, about a hundred schoolboys of Berlin
assembled for the purpose of giving their schoolmaster a
katzenmusik, or concert of marrowbones and cleavers, and
created such alarm by their earsplitting noises, that the
drums were beaten, and more than 15,000 civic guards,
with loaded muskets and fixed bayonets, appeared to op-
pose the youthful rioters.

On the 30th ult. quiet and confidence were gradually
returning in Vienna. Business had resumed its proper
course. The damage done to the streets has been repaired.
The behaviour of the labourers during the excitement has
been admitted to have been exemplary.
'I HE RIVER PLATE. —The Phoenix, Captain Rooney.
arrived here on Saturday with dates from Montevideo to
the 24th of March. Letters brought by this vessel repre-
sent Montevideo as being in an alarming state. Mr.
Gore arrived in Her Majesty's ship Inconstant on the
18th, and Baron Gros in the French steam ship Magellan
on the 19th. Her Majesty's steamer Hydra. from Rio,
had arrived at Montevideo. Dr. Varela, editor of the
Cornercio del Plata, was stabbed at his own door on the
night of the 20th of March.

THE POPE AND TILE SULTAN.—The following presents
have been remitted to the Nuncio of His Holiness, for
presentation to i.im :—A magnificent saddle, enriched
with diamonds; eight Arab horses of great beauty; three
magnificent snuff-boxes, enriched with diamonds; four
decorations, for distribution at his pleasure; 600 piques
of Damascus cloth. beautifully embroidered, and of vari-
ous colours (the pique is a measure of 227 inches); a
great number of Smyrna carpets ; 30 pieces of Angora
shawlin.r ; and a grand decoration for Pope Pius IX., and
anotherrsfor the Ambassador.

ANOTHER INSURRECTION AT VIENNA.—On the 23d of
May the ministry. ordered the academic legion to dissolve,
and immediately to lay down their arms. A revolt instantly
took place—students and ouvriers immediately raised bar-
ricades. At ten o'clock a collision took place between the
Soldiers and the people. The soldiers were repulsed, and
retreated upon the glacis, and occupied all the bastions.
Hostilities have not been renewed. The people called for
the maintenance of the academic legion, the removal of
the soldiers, the return of the emperor within eight days,
or the substitution of a prince in his place. On the 28th,
order was entirely restored, and passages opened through
the barricades, which, however, were not removed.
STEAM NAVIGATION IN BRAZIL—The navigation of
the river Amazon by steam has been at length attempted,
the first essay having been made by a small steamer,
called the Guapiassu, drawing very little water. She pro-
ceeded from the city of Para to. the river Negro on the
Gth of November, and returned on the 27th of January
last, having occupied 82 days on the voyage, of which she
was 33 detained at the bar of the Rio Negros, and called
at twelve different places, stopping several hours at each,
going and coming. The experiment completely succeed-
ed. The great difficulty apprehended was easily overcome,
that of procuring a sufficient supply of. fuel. She could
not stow away more than 70 tons of coals, which were
only sufficient for seven days' consumption, whereas she
was 19 days with the steam on, and consequently obliged
to have recourse to wood. After trying several qualities,
they found four different qualities thereof, which answered
equally as well, if not better, than coals, obtaining a higher
degree of pressure, and a greater number of revolutions
from its use, at a much less expense ; that of coals for the
whole voyage would have been 2,92kmilreis, whereas the
actual cost of the wood amounted only to 355 milreis,
occasioning, moreover, much less labour from the ashes
being more easily removed. The fireplace of the Guapi-
.assu was constructed for wood, and the logs were cut to
suit it. Peru is highly interested in the navigation by
steam of the Amazon. A company is being formed at
Rio for improving the navigation of the river Mucury,
which communicates with Rio and the provinces of Minas
and St. Paulo, the two most productive, fertile, and best
populated in tl7e em pire.—Morizing Post.