The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1844-03-19 00:00:00

SELECTIONS.

AD LIBITUM ORNAMENTS TN SINGING.—One night,
while Handel was in Dublin, Dubourg having a solo part
in a song, and a close to mace, ad libitum, he wandered
about in different keys a great while, and seemed indeed
a little bewildered, and uncertain of his original key ;
but, at length, coming to the shake, which was to ter-
minate this long close, Handel, to the great delight of the
audience, and augmentation of applause, cried out loud
enough to be heard in the most remote parts of the
theatre, " You are welcome home, Mr. Dubourg !"—Dr.
Burnells Sketch of the Life of Handel.
RAPID TRANSIT.—An attorney's clerk may steam it to
St. Petersburg and coach it to Moscow, and be back be-
fore the long vacancy is over; aye, though he do Warsaw
and Berlin by the way. The shop boy in Liverpool,
after his Saturday's labours are ended, embarks his
cherished person on board a steamer for Dublin ; stares
at Nelson' s pillar in Sacville-street, and Wellington's
obelisk in the Phoenix Park ; and, after hearing Paddy's
opera in the cathedral where Swift once presided, and
visiting two or three meeting-houses (the best schools for
flirtation in the world, as is known to every visitor to the
Irish metropolis,) he may re-embark about bed-time—
when he may reckon with tolerable certainty upon being
home in time to open his master's shop, at the wonted
hour, and soberly assume the cares and duties of the
week.—Modern Traveller.

ANECDOTE OF THE EMPEROR FRANCIS 11. OF AUS-
TRIA.—There is a story told of the Emperor Francis 11.,
which I believe to be perfectly true, and which fully cor-
roborates Prince Metternich's description of the parental
character of that monarch's government. During the
period that the cholera decimated its victims at Vienna,
the emperor walked in the streets. At an obscure portion
of the city he met a funeral. It was evidently that of a
poor and wretched being. There were no friends to sur-
round the bier, and the pauper's funeral was conducted
with rapidity and inconsideration. " Halt!" cried the
emperor; " I shall follow the remains of the deceased to
the grave." "He was only an obscure person," was the
reply, " and he has died of the cholera." " Never mind
that," retorted the monarch, "he was one of my chil-
dren,—for are you not all my children ?" and the emperor
followed to the grave the remains of the obscurest of his
s übj eet s. —Fraser's Magazine.
CONSUMPTION OF OUR MANUFACTURES AT HOME
AND ABROAD.—If we compare the proportion purchased
of our manufactures, which is taken off by foreign nations,
for the export to whom we are required to make the sa-
crifice of our domestic agriculture, with what is consumed
by our own native population, whether in the British is-
lands or in our colonies of British descent, the difference
is prodigious, and such as might well, even for their own
sake, make the Anti-corn-law League pause in their ca-
r:er of violence. From the tables compiled from Porter's
Parliamentary Tables, and the population of the different
states to whom we export, taken from Matte Brun and
Balbi, it appears, that while the British population, whe-
ther at home or abroad, consume from £3 to £5 a-head
worth of our manufactures, the foreign nations to whom
we are willing to sacrifice the British agriculturists, take
off per head only as many pence. In preferring the one
to the other, therefore, we are, literally speaking, penny
wise and pound foolish.—Blackwood's Magazine.
SCREW PROPELLING.—MR. GRANTHAM'S PLAN.—
The paper by Mr. Grantham on screw propelling, which
was read at the Institution of Civil Enigneers, on the 13th
ultimo, was followed by a discussion on the subject, which
continued for three successive evenings, to the exclusion
nearly of all other business. Mr. Grantham stated on
the second evening that his object was not so much to
point attention to the construction of the vessel which had
been at work in Liverpool, as to illustrate an important
fact which his experiments had brought to his knowledge,
namely, that a propeller might be constructed of such
dimensions that the number of revolutions it would be
required to make to obtain a high velocity, should not
much exceed those of the ordinary paddle-wheel; whence
he deduces this conclusion, that the usual condensing
marine engine might be applied direct to the propelled
shaft, not requiring the intervention of spur wheels or
bands, which are at present considered by many engineers
as insuperable objections to the general adoption of screw
propelling.—Mechanics' Magazine.
LONGING OF THE IRISH PEOPLE FOR EDUCATION.—
There is no country on the earth in which either educa-
tion,
or the desire to procure it, is so much reverenced as
in Ireland. Next to the claims of the priest and school-
master come those of the poor scholar for the respect of
the people. It matters not how poor or bow miserable
he may be; so long as they see him struggling with po-
verty in the prosecution of a purpose so laudable, they
will treat him with attention and kindness. Here there
is no danger of his being sent to the workhouse, commit-
mitted as a vagrant—or passed from parish to parish,
until he reaches his own settlement. Here the humble
lad is not met by the sneer of purse-proud insolence, or
his simple tale answered only by the frown of heartless
contempt. No—no—no. The best bit and sup ere
placed before him ; and whilst his poor, but warm-heart( d
entertainer can afford only potatoes and salt to his own
half-starved family, he will make a struggle to procure
something better for the poor scholar; " Bekase he's far
from his own, the crathur! An' sure the intintion in him
is good, any how ; the Lord prosper him, an' every one
that has the heart set upon I...4.l'l—Carleton's Traits
anti atones.

PRINCE METTERNICH AND THE EMPEROR ALEXAN-
DER.—In the art of penetrating the weak points of his
superiors, and making himself necessary to their frailties,
the Prince de Metternich has shewn himself a master. It
was in the midst of revelry during the Congress of Vienna
that the Emperor Alexander grew tired of the fastidious
bacchanalia. When the Prince de Metternich perceived
this, all the gorgeous tournaments, balls, and dinners,
were at once superseded by petite& soirees, given by him-
self, at which the Princess de CI g was the queen.
The emperor was much struck by her beaaty and fascina-
tions, but her family withdrew her from Vienna. The
Prince de Metternich, aware of the influence which her
conversation exercised over the mind of the emperor, still
contrived to secure her presence at Trappau and Laybach,
to neither of which, probably, would his majesty have
proceeded but from the expectation of there seeing her.
All was purity and virtue, but the illustrious lady in ques-
tion so spell-bound the monarch that, with her aid, the
Austrian chancellor contrived to drive away ennui from
the monarch, and kept him to the great questions which
had constantly to come before him until all were settled.
—Fraser's Magazine.
THE ROYAL LINE OF " STEWART."—The Stewarts
were a race as steadily unfortunate as any one recorded
in history. Their misfortunes continued with unabated
succession during 390 years. Robert the 111. broke his
heart because his eldest son, Robert, was starved to
death ; and his youngest snn, James, made a captive.
James I. was assassinated in a monastery near Perth.
James 11. was killed by the bursting of a piece of ordi-
nance near Roxburgh. James 111., when flying from the
field of battle was thrown from bis horse, and murdered
in a cottage into which he had been carried for assistance.
James IV. fell in Flodden Field. James V. died of grief
for his wilful ruin of his army at Solway Moss. Henry
Stewart (Lord Darnley) was assassinated and blown up
in his palace. Mary Stuart was beheaded in England,
after an imprisonment of 17 years. Charles I. was be-
headed at Whitehall. Charles 11. was exiled for many
years. James 11. lost his crown, and died in banish-
ment. Anne, after a reign which though glorious was
rendered unhappy by party disputes. died of a broken
heart occasioned by the quarrels of her favoured ser-
vants. The posterity of James 11. remained wretched
wanderers in a foreign land, and the race is now extinct.
Unpublished Historical Reminiscences, by a Lady,
deceased.
CORN LAWS —A still more important consideration is
that a repeal of the Corn-laws, even if it were to be at-
tended with all the consequences which the most sanguine
of its advocates to predict, would evedently, in a few
years, bring us back to the point from which we started,
with an increased population and all our difficulties on an
enlarged scale, unless the system on which we have been
proceeding for the last fifty years be altered. The rapid
increase of manufacturing industry during the war did not
prevent, if it did not rather occasion, the miseries and dis-
tress under which we are now suffering. All the worst
evils at present existing, ignorance demoralization, infant
and female labour, increase of destitution, grew up simul-
taneously with a more rapid advance of manufacturing
wealth, than it is possible to expect from the repeal of the
Corn-laws. The temporary prosperity of the period from
1833 to 1836, when profits were high, food cheap, and
when our export trade took a new and extensive develop-
ment, terminated in the crisis of 1837, and the lingering
decline under which we have been ever since suffering.
It is evedent that the doctors who describe a repeal of the
Corn-laws as a sovereign remedy for all the diseases of so-
ciety, are only one degree more respectable quacks than
these who earn a living by puffing the all-potent pills of
Morrigon, the hygeist.—Essay on the Causes of the
Country's distress in Me " Atlas" Newspaper.
A RETROSPECT OF LIFE, BY ROBERT 1311RNS.—The
following is a passage in a letter from Burns to Mrs.
M`Lehose, under the assumed name of Clarinda :—" The
family of misfortune, a numerous group of brothers and
sisters !—they need a resting place to their souls. Unno-
ticed, often condemned by the world—in some degree,
perhaps, condemned by themselves—they feel the full en-
joyment of ardent love, delicate tender endearments, mu-
tual esteem, and mutual reliance. In this light I have
often admired religion. In proportion as we are wrung
with grief, or distracted with anxiety, the ideas of a com-
passionate Deity, an Almighty Protector, are doubly dear,
'Tis this, my friend, that streaks our morning bright;
'Tis this that gilds the horrors of our night.'
I have been this morning taking a peep through, as Young
finely says, the dark postern a time long elapsed;' and
you will easily guess 'twas a rueful prospect ; what a tis-
sue of thoughtlessness, weakness, and folly ! My life re-
minded me of a ruined temple : what strength, what pro-
portion in some parts !—what unsightly gaps, what pros-
trate ruins in others? I kneeled down before the Father
of Mercies, and said ' Father, I have sinned against
heaven, and in thy sight, and am no more worthy to be
called thy son!" I rose eased and strengthened. 1 de-
spise the superstition of a fanatic; but I love the religion
of a man. "Ile future,' said Ito myself, is still before
me :' there let me
' On reason build resolve—
That column of true majesty in man !'

' I have difficulties many to encounter,' said I ; ' but they
are not absolutely insuperable—and where is firmness of
mind shown but in exertion ? Mere declamation is bom-
bast rant. Besides, wherever I am, or in whatever situa-
tion I may be,
' 'Tis nought to me,
Since God is ever present, ever felt,
And where he vital breathes, there must be joy.' ''

Ittrsn LAN DLORDS.—The two greatest faults of Irish
landlords arc these :—ln the first place, they suffer them-
selves to remain ignorant of their tenantry ; so much so,
indeed, that they frequently deny them access and redress
when the poor people are anxious to acquaint them with
their grievances ; for it is usual with landlords to refer
them to those very agents against whose cruelty and
rapacity they are appealing. This is a carte blanche to
the agent to trample upon them if he pleases. In the
next place, Irish landlords too frequently employ ignorant
and needy men to manage their estates ; men who bare
no character, no property, or standing in society, beyond
the reputation of being keen, shrewd, and active. These
persons, Sir, make fortunes; and what means can they
have of accumulating wealth, except by cheating either
the landlord or his tenants, or both ? A history of
their conduct would be a black catalogue of dishonesty,
oppression, and treachery. Respectable men, resident on
or near the estate, possessing both character and pro-
perty, should always be selected for this important trust.
But, above all thin; s, the curse of a tenantry is a per-
centage agent. He racks, and drives, and oppresses,
without consideration either of market or produce, in
order that his receipts may be ample, and his own income
large.—Carleton's Trails and Stories.
THE EARL OF OXFORD'S PROCRASTINATION.—Even
Swift's raillery was inefficatious to root out a besetting
sin entwined with Oxford's nature, and which he had dis-
covered soon after his introduction. " His lordship has
long designed an answer to the letters he received from
the bishops, and he said ten times he would do it to-mor-
row." Many years afterwards he was told himself by the
earl's private secretary ;—" Lord Oxford has received
your letters: he will answer them, but not to-day • 'sicut
o/im', nothing can change him." In the crisis of his fate,
as we learn from the diary, it was just the same. ''April
7th, 1813. I dined with the Lord Treasurer, and though
the business I had with him is something against Thurs-
day, when the parliament is to meet, and this is Tuesday,
yet he put it off till to-morrow. I never saw his fel-
low for delay. To-morrow will be a very important day;
all the world will be at Westminster. Lord Treasurer
was as easy as a lamb." Immersed in too much business
for a man of the most exact habits to perform, the time
that could not comprehend unavoidable engagements he
dissipated in such as were superfluous. He used to send
trifling verses from the court to the Scriblerus Club, and
would come and talk idly almost every day and night with
them, even when his all was at stake. In private life and
to his friends, he was equally the dupe of the morrow,
nor could ever begin the business of the week on the Mon-
day morning. The simple act of sitting for his picture for
a friend, he delayed till the opportunity was gone. Swift
writes to the Earl, October, 1722, " I have now been ten
years solicitinr, for your picture, and if I had solicited
you for £1,000'(I mean of your money, not the public) I
could have prevailed in ten days. Nor did he prevail at
last, for death interfered with the old earl's contemplated
fulfilment of his promise. " I have often heard my Fa-
ther say," his son writes for Wimple, " that he did de-
sign to sit for you, but did not. I shall certainly take care
that you shall have a picture."—Totnsend's History of
House of Commons.
HER MAJESTY'S CROWN.—The crown of her present
Majesty was, it is well known, made by Messrs. Rundell
and Bridge. It is composed of hoops of silver, which are
completely covered and concealed by precious stones,
surmounted by a ball covered with small diamonds, having
a Maltese cross of diamonds on the top of it. In the
centre of this cross is a magnificent sapphire. In front of
the crown, above the rim, is another Maltese cross, in the
middle of which is the large unpolished ruby which once
graced the coronet of the chivalrous Black Prince, and,
underneath this, in the circular rim, is another immense
sapphire. The arches inclose a cap of deep purple, or,
rather, blue velvet, and the rim of the crown, at its base,
is clustered with brilliants and ornamented with fleurs-de-
lis and Maltese crosses, equally rich. There are many
other precious gems, emeralds, and rubies, sapphires, and
small clusters of drop pearls of great value. The follow-
ing estimate of the value of the different jewels contained
in this magnificent diadem has been published :
Twenty diamonds round the circle, £l5OO
each
Two large centre diamonds, £2OOO each 4,000
Fifty-four smaller diamonds placed at the
angle of the former lOO
Four crosses, each composed of 25 dia-
mond 5....
Four large diamonds on the tops of the
crosses..
Twelve diamonds contained in fleur-de-
lis lO,OOO
Eighteen smaller diamonds contained in
the same 2,000
Pearls, diamonds, &c., on the arches and
crosses • • • • lO,OOO
Also one hundred and forty one diamonds 500 1,
Twenty-six diamonds on the upper cross 3,000
Two circles of pearls about the rim 3OO

£111,900
We know not upon what data this statement was made ;
but it will be observed, that the value of the sapphires
and rubies has not been included, and we have reason to
believe that were it possible to re-collect and again bring
together such precious gems, the estimate just given
would fall much below their intrinsic value. The old
crown made for George 111. weighed upwards of seven
pounds; but, notwithstanding this gorgeous display of
jewellery, independent of the gold cap, the present crown
only weighs nineteen ounces and ten pennyweights. It
measures seven inches in height from the gold circle to
the upper cross, and its diameter, at the rim, is five inches_
This crown is worn by her Majesty whenever she opens
and otoses, in person, the houses or parilauuent.—Poly.
tecnnic Magazine.
POPULAR IGNORANCE OF THE HISTORY OF THE
LAST FIFTY YEARS.—The part which England took in
the long and mighty struggle against the despotism of de-
mocracy, the efforts of ambition, the injustice and oppres.
sion of France towards many lands and people, the
iniquitous tyranny of Napoleon Buonaparte and his satel-
lites and slaves; and the sacrifices that same England
made in behalf of true freedom and European order, peace,
and justice, have not been brought sufficiently before the
minds of our young men now advancing from eighteen to
thirty. They have heard of a national debt of eight hun-
dred millions of pounds sterling; but they have also
" heard that the sum was expended in unjust and unneces-
sary wars." Many of them—tens of thousands—have
not been undeceived; and so LIE FIRST has obtained a
tavieiorhdeacradstolefreaagHhoaLnad-
vry
ALLIANCE,g ener a
andl circulation.
have been
olhdeytha have
Duke of Wellington joined " the Despots of the
told
North" to make war on the liberties of Germany, Poland,
Italy, Switzerland, Spain, and Portugal. Tens of thou-
sands of our healthy and stalwart young men believe this,
—for no one has set about proving to them the contrary ;
and so LIE SECOND has obtained currency. They have
have been told, that Buonaparte was a deliverer; that he
had sublime notions of government; that he wished to
emancipate the world ; and that he carried on single-
handed a mighty war against armed sovereigns, in order
eventually to establish the independence and the happi-
ness of the people. Now. if popular books had been
written in profusion, and circulated cheaply by hundreds
of thousands of copies, giving to the young men of our
epoch facts, documents, undeniable events, all sheaving
the contrary, LIE THIRD would not now be believed in as
it is by those who are soon about to become the fathers
of the next generation. These same young men have
heard that England would have been richer, happier, and
more respected, provided she had remained neutral from
the very commencement, in the long European struggle
of which I write, and that our manufacturers would not
now be struggling with closed markets and against high
protecting duties levied by foreign governments on Eng-
lish produce; and that our garners would have been full,
and our provisions cheap and abundant, and our poor well
employed, and our labouring classes at ease and happy, if,
we had not engaged in that " long and ruinous war.'
And no one has taken the trouble, nay the pleasure. to
shew to them. that but for the conduct England then pur-
sued we should have had no manufacturers at all,—no
allies, no government, or at least no independent one;
and that the Gaul would have printed the mark of his iron
hoof on our soil, and would have subjected our necks to
his iron yoke. Thus LIE FOURTH has been propagated,
and the history of England, from ]793 to 1815, has been
backwards, or topsy-turvy, by our now youths of from
eighteen to twenty-five years of age.—Frasees Magazine.

SMOKERS, MALE AND FEMALE.—Every body smokes
here : man, woman, boy, and girl, almost down to the
baby just escaped from the cradle ; but still I was not
prepared for the novel spectacle of the very " sylphides”
themselves strutting about with huge, undisguised, verita-
ble cigars in their mouths, puffing and smoking like so
many yellow chimney-pots, that they resemble much both
in symmetry and colour. Smoking I detest, as one of
the most unsufferable and nauseous follies of the day.
Strange that men should persist in this offensive habit
that all women with pretensions to a nose at all civilized
unite in condemning; yet custom has inured men to this.
But a woman's smoking was a barbarism I hardly sup-
posed myself destined ever to see ; and, certainly, the
first time 1 came plump upon one of my whity-brown at-
tendants, with her wreath on one side, her wings all awry,
sucking, for dear life, at the end of a flaming cigar, my
astonishment and the tobacco smoke together quite took
my breath away ; that was an impression neither time
nor distance will either dim or remove. A full-dressed
sylphide sitting on a painted bank of flowers, where I
first spied her, exhaling the smoke of a coloss .1 cigar, and
of a horse-killing strength, with all the nonchalance
of a veteran smoker, was an outrageous novelty that ab-
sorbed me quite : and whilst I stood gazing there, a call
summoned the volcanic troupe to the stage, and each one
deposited with jealous care her precious weed on bench
and chair, with growling menaces neither to touch nor
taste, and then they betook themselves to their mystic
gambols, meant to charm the love-lorn " Reuben" to
their fairy haunts. It requires faith in one's art to pre-
serve illusions amid such scenes. The men of all degrees
smoke and smoke everywhere; in the houses, in the
streets, in the theatres, in the cafes, in the counting-room,
eating, drinking, and truly, I suspect, sleeping, they
smoke—smoke—smoke It is odd that strangers don't
scent Havana far out at sea. The gentlemen, however,
are addicted to a small paper cigar, called " cigarito",
containing a small quantity of pulverized tobacco, of the
best flavour, which is by no means offensive. No true
Havantco even moves a foot without his portable armory
of cigaritos, as indispensable to him as his quiver to the
wild Indian. He may get along comfortably without his
coat, hat, or neckcloth ; but without his cigarito, he could
ndither walk, talk, nor even think. The first thing that
follows a salutation of friends, meeting no matter where,
is to pull out their pacquets, light the sociable weed,
another talk ; it gives life to Havaneco, he opens his
heart and mouth at the same time, and fills up the gaps
of conversation. A cigar ought to be the national em-
blem of Cuba ; certainly, nothing is more completely
identified with them in my mind, and I shall never recall
a friend to memory who will not be enveloped i❑ a soft
haze of tobacco smoke.—Fanny Elssler at the Havana :
Fraser.

CHEAP PRICES.—Cheap prices of grain are like the
Amrceta cap in Kehatna ; the greatest of all blessings is
the greatest of all curses, according as they arise from
magnitude of domestic production, or magnitude of fo-
reign importation. Of the first we had an example du-
ring the five fine years in succession, from 1830 to 1335,
during which the foreign importation was practically abo-
lished by the abundant harvests, and consequent high
duty on grain under the sliding scale. This was a period,
as all the world knows, of universal and unexampled
commercial prosperity. Of the second we had a memo-
rable example during the five bad years in succession,
which elapsed from 1836 to 1840, in the course of which
the corn-laws, from the effect of the same sliding scale,
and the continued low prices, were practically abolished ;
and importations, at the close of the period, amounted to
2,500,000 quarters, and, on an average of the whole, was
little short of 2,000,000 of quarters. And what was the
result ? The exportation of 6,000,000 of sovereigns in a
single year to buy grain ; an unexampled pressure on the
money market ; commercial embarrassments, long-conti-
nued, and severe beyond all former precedent the con-
traction of ten millions of additional debt in four years,
and the creation of a deficit which at length rose to the
formidable amount, in 1842, of £4,000,000 sterling ! And
what first dispelled this distress, and arrested this down-
ward and disastrous progress ? The fine harvests of 1842
—the blessed sun of its long summer, followed by the
more checkered, but also fine summer of 1813, which
again gave us plenty, derived from domestic production,
arid consequent general and increasing manufacturing as
well as rural prosperity.—Blackwood's Magazine.
INFLUENCE OF PRINCE METTERNICH OVER THE
ROYAL FAMILY OF AUSTRIA.—The influence exercised
by the Prince de Metternich over the royal family of Aus-
tria is one of those subjects to which that statesman never
refers, and which be much dislikes to bear conversed
about. The fact is, that Francis 11. was, personally, so
omnipotent in Austria, that "right" was what pleased
the emperor, i. e. his will ; and " wrong," what displeased
him. It is very far, indeed, from true, that the monarch
and his prime minister always thought alike ; but the lat-
ter knew when to yield, and never allowed the emperor
to feel than any other will really governed but his own.
The Emperor Francis admired the integrity, openness,
and consistency of the Prince de Metternich's character ;
and would laugh very heartily when told that the English
prints sometimes called him a Jesuit. The prince, in his
turn, smiled at the eccentricities of his sovereign, and en-
joyed the old-fashioned green caleche of his royal master,
with his simple pair of horses : the emperor dressed in a
brown, shabby cabotte, with a corresponding hat; thus
riding along like an old retired merchant, nodding, here
and there, right and left, most friendly as he passed along.
" In spite of all that easy exterior," remarked the Prince
de Metternich to an English gentleman, who was walking
with him as his majesty passed, " the emperor is not less
an emperor ; his will is law in this country, and the peo-
ple love to have it so." Of his brothers, the emperor was
most attached to the Vice-King of Italy; of the Prince
Charles he was said to be jealous, Prince John was too
learned for him, and the Palatine too impetuous. When
the latter requested the emperor's permission to marry
for the third time, the emperor replied, " You may take
her ; but I shall myself pray for her long life, for I pre-
sume you would next marry a Jewess."—Fraser's Maga-
zine.

THE CEDAR OF LEBANON.—As compared with other
evergreen coniferous trees, it surpasses them all in grand
and picturesque effect; and, when arrived at maturity,
or approaching those gigantic dimensions which it ac-
quires in its native habits, may justly be considered as
one of the most magnificent of the vegetable creation.
In its form and mode of growth, every circumstance is cal-
culated to give it an imposing and noble aspect ; the trunk
being massive, and of a large diameter in proportion to
its height, indicates that strength and longevity by which
it is characterized in passages of holy writ ; whilst its py-
riamidical bead, composed of numerous horizontal boughs
rising tier above tier in thick succession, and clothed with
a mantling foliage of never-fading green, forms a canopy,
or as the prophet Ezekial expresses it, " a shadowing
shroud" of vast extent and striking appearance. This
grandeur and beauty of form naturally associates the ce-
dar, in our ideas, with objects of importance and scenery
of the loftiest description; and hence it is that it becomes
a more appropriate ornament and appendage to imposing
architectural masses, and grounds of wide extent, than to
the precincts of a modern villa, where none of the accom-
paniments are of a corresponding, magnitude, or in accor-
dance with those feelings which its presence is calculated
to excite. Such, also, seems the feeling of eminent pain-
ters with regard to this tree, whenever it can be appropri-
ately introduced into their compositions. Thus in seve-
ral of the wonderful and highly imaginative pictures of the
celebrated Martin, the cedar is prominently brought for-
ward, particularly in his representation of the destruction
of Babylon, where it is made the principal tree in its
far-famed terraces and hanging gardens. It is also a
prominent object in the gardens of Nineveh, as represent-
ed in his fall of that city ; and ancient cedars also enter
into its imaginary view of the Garden of Eden.—Selby's
British Forest Trees.

STRAWBERRY HlLL.—What will the public say when
they hear of a " Second Strawberry Hill Sale ?" and yet
such is the fact; but then it is ushered into publie atten-
tion with so much modesty and adroitness; there is such
a degree of tact connected with the mode of communica-
tion, that Punch, if he be in a merry vein next week, will
probably insinuate that this announcement is indepted to
the prolific pen of Lord Brougham, who is now positively
accused of being the original of George Robins's "sayings
and Doings. " It may be remembered the celebrated
Mathews, 20 years ago, in a facetious mood, after dinner,
one day created a joke at his expense, to the effect that he had
engaged the services of a great literary divine, classically
endowed with an income of only one. thousand pounds a
year, to compose his own amusing advertisements. Our
readers, after they have had their smile, need not be told
this is all fudge—a story long since worn out—for we do
know that whatever may belong to these literary achieve-
ments, they can be alone traced to the fertile brain of the
" Knight of the Hammer ;" but Punch has just indulged
its readers with a new version of a stale joke. The ex-
chancellor, Lord Brougham, it is now discovered, is the
culprit, but let us quote him correctly ; and before we do
so we must finish our commentary upon Strawberry Hill.
This announcement will be found in our columns, and
there is a point or two that really deserve great credit, and
most especially not less for originality than great ingenu-
ity ; our friend modestly introduces it thus :—" It is an
exceedingly valuable melange of property (meaning the
Countess of Mansfield's) on Richmond Hill, so recherche
in the several departments in the arts and sciences, that
it will not be QUITE SACRILEGE' to designate it a
humble revival to Strawberry Hill. Now considering he
is treading on such classic ground, he may be accounted
clever to have made so neat an excuse for such a compa-
rison; again, he says, in order to enlist the attention of
the scientific world, and those who were ENRAPTURED
at Lord Walpole's are to be DELIGHTED at this re-
nowned receptacle of varied treasures; but we have wan-
dered from the point, and will conclude by Punch's proof
of his perspicacity, by having discovered the "real Simon
Pure," whose lucubrations have for twenty years afforded
so much satisfaction and delight. Let !is see his quota-
tion :—" The adjustment of the corn bill has arrived at a
great, a triumphant result. It is now conceded to Sir
Robert Peel, that in the intricate task, which required all
the mind, the perspicacity, and depth of intellect pos-
sessed by our first minister, in organising his salutary
alteration in the corn bill, he has dealt out a measure of
strict and impartial justice, no less to the manufacturing
than the agricultural interest." Now this style cannot
he disguised, it mu :t be from the prolific brain of one late
lord on the Woolsack ; and the confirmation is sealed by
the recollection of his present praise, compared with so
many years of abuse in by-gone days.—Morning Herald.

FREE TRADE : OLD AND NEW STATES.—The supe-
rior weight of wages, rent, and all the elements of cost,
in the old, when compared with the young community,
affects the manufacturer as well as the farmer ; and in
some branches of manufactures it does so with an over-
whelming effect. But, generally speaking, the advan-
tages of capital, machinery, and the division of labour,
render the old state altogether predominant over the
young one in these particulars. It would seem to be a
fixed law of nature, that the progress of society adds al-
most nothing to the application of machinery to agricul-
ture, but indefinitely to its importance in manufactures.
Observe an old man digging his garden with a spade—
that is the most productive species of cultivation ; it is
the last stage of agricultural progress to return to it. No
steam engines or steam ploughs will ever rival it. But
what is the old weaver toiling with his hands, to the huge
steam-power mill, turning at once ten thousand spindles?
As dust in the balance. Man, by a beneficent law of his
Maker, is permanently secured in his first and best pur-
suit. It is in those which demoralize and degrade, that
machinery progressively encroaches on the labour of his
hands. England can undersell India in muslins and
printed goods, manufactured in Lancashire or Lanark-
shire, out of cotton which grew on the banks of the
Ganges; for England, though younger in years compared
to India, is old in civilization, wealth, and power. Nye
should like to see what profit would be made by exporting
wheat from England, raised on land paying thirty. shil-
lings an acre of rent, by labourers paid at two shillings
a-day, to Hindostan, where rice is raised twice a-year,
on land paying five shillings an acre rent, by labourers
receiving twopence a-day each. It is the constant opera-
tion of this law of nature which ensures the equalization
of empires, the happiness of society, and the dispersion
of mankind. To be convinced of this, we have only to
reflect on the results which would ensue if this were not
the case ; if no unvarying law gave man in remote situa •
tions an advantage in raising subsistence over what they
enjoy in the centres of opulence; and agriculture, in the
aged and wealthy community, was able to acquire the
same decisive superiority over distant
and comparatively
poor ones, which we see daily exemplified in the produc-
tion of manufactures. Suppose, for example, that in
consequence of the application of the steam-engine, ca-
pital, and machinery to the raising of subsistence, Great
Britain could undersell the cultivators of Poland and the
Ukraine as effectually as she does their manufacturers in
the production of cotton goods ; that she could sell in the
Polish market wheat at five shillings a quarter, when they
require fifteen shillings to remunerate the cost of produc-
tion. Would not the result be, that commerce between
them would be entirely destroyed ; that subsistence would
be exclusively raised in the old and opulent community;
that mankind would congregate in fearful multitudes
round the great commercial emporium of the world; and
that the industry and progress of the more distant nations
would be irrevocably blighted? Whereas, by the opera-
tion of the present law of nature, that the rich state can
always undersell the poor one in manufactures, and the
poor one always undersell the rich one in subsistence,
those d ngers are removed, a check is provided to the
undue multiplication of the species in particular situa-
tions, and the dispersion of mankind over the globe—a
vital object in the system of nature—is secured, from the
very necessities and difficulties in which, in the progress
of society, the old and wealthy community becomes in.
volvetl.—Blackzvood's Magazine.

March 19. 1814.

THE LATE FATAL DUEL.

eof his duel with the unfortunate Lieut.-Colonel Fair;v
Lieutenant Munro has addressed a letter on the Sobjeectet
to the Hon. T. S. buncombe, M.P. for Finsbury•
extract his account of the origin of the duel. AfterD
he
ing detailed, at some length, a transaction in which,
was concerned for Colonel Fawcett, in re,pect to letting
a house, he states that the Colonel had said :hate!:
(Lieutenant Munro) had been very fortunate in his u.
deavours to serve him. The Lieutenant then
follows : bbl
" He (Colonel Fawcett) requested me to call upon
as soon as I could, to explain to him what some sref't
sums were that 1 had paid to his credit. I did so, moo.
unfortunately, on the evening of the 26th of I:st Jun
I have now to mention that when I accompanied Lieue
Colonel Fawcett into the city, he hinted to me that 'lst
had some suspicions upon his mind that were of a 111°„,
unhappy nature. When I called upon him on the eve",.
in,* of the 29th of June, he appeared considerably excitelial
There was a person of the name of Romer in the roo!
who was sent away as soon as I entered, although upon_
previous occasions he had remained. I think that I Rag
expected; and, from the accounts being at once entete4
upon, and from other circumstances, I believe that tae,
gross insult that was put upon me afterwards was 10°4
ditated. The small sums previously alluded to were sc."th
explained to his satisfaction ; but the £5O that Mrs. Stir
W at'
was allowed for the loss she had sustained in taking ,;„,.t
wick-house with a bad tenant in it, was made the SIV;(1
proceeds S.
upon which a quarrel was to be effected. I endeavour",
repeatedly to make him understand that it was strictly to
conformity with his own directions that Mrs. Smith ?it
been let off paying £5O, as well as to draw his attente
to the important services I had rendered him in etbe
matters, and the high price I had obtained for the hou:ta"
but he kept constantly reverting to the case of the ~;
and insinuated repeatedly that I had neglected his „iii""'
rest, and had allowed myself to be bamboozled by IT",;
Smith. * * * I remained perfectly pastl
.
under all the insinuations for a considerable time. t
I tried to get him off the subject of the £5O. but be keP
perpetually and violently returning to it, and blaming tile
as pointedly as he could, for all that was wrong about the
delay in the sale of the house. The consciousness of t 2.1,
most zealous, fortunate, and unwearied exertions in his
most zealous, fortunate, and unwearied exertions 10 hf
favour made me doubt for a long time if he could res:
mean what he said ; at last I observed, ' Well, Far/et
this is a very different return from what I expected, ";
I have attrnded to your interests as I never did tn. 'a'
own. I have served you as no other man could nel
done, and you have frequently insinuated that I neglect:
your affairs or interest when you were absent.' He —;
plied loudly, I did not, sir.' I answered, You did,
I understood you to do so.' He violently answered, `,.7„
flat contradiction I will bear from no man.' He rang
bell (he was during the whole of the above time, or near",
so, walking hurriedly about the room), opened the deS.
before the servant could answer to the bell, and caller
out in a rage, Open the door, and keep it open until
Mr. Munro is turned out of the house.' I was so Coo:f
founded by the unexpected and unnecessary violenee,,"
the act, with the recklessness and ingratitude evinced "I
it, that I did not know what to do or what to say ; heti(
remained for a few minutes, and then went away, near(
distracted with the cruel and gross insult put upon Ine_A"
a person whom I had rendered such service to ;
supposing that I might be spurned for permitting
returned and said, that if it bad not been for the COD'
nexion that existed between us, and the unseemly nat°;,"
of such a proceeding, I would bring him to account for
or have resented it upon the spot. He replied that sel
the connexion, be wished never to hear of it again, 11:1
hoped that it would not prevent me from doing whet,'
referred to. I then went away. Upon the follol
morning I took the (Onion of an officer of acknowledke
judgment, and of upwards of thirty years' standing in
army, upon the unfortunate occurrence. He said t"'"
during the course of his service he had never heard Of 41
gross an outrage, and that, as a British officer upon
pay, I had no alternative whatever but what was user;
viz., an apology or a meeting. I then called upon pf
Grant, and took him with me to consult with a frienn,e
much experience in these unhappy affairs. His opinwe
entirely coincided with that of my other friend ; but
be
said he would take the advice of a general officer abouti,;
whose reply was, that no officer holding her Majestit,
commission could possibly exist under such an ins 2,2
In the course of the same day I took the opinions of ter l":
other friends (all officers, or having been in the artn:fJ;
they all said, that, however lamentable the roceeciLl3;
was, I was compelled to uphold the honour of the St3tl:4
I held in the service at the hazard of my life. I VW,'
that one word of regret might have been expressed forth
wanton and gross insult put upon me ; but none sco9,
be given, and a meeting was proposed that day by Lien
Col. Fawcett, to which Mr. Grant objected. Whe.nne
found, late in the evening of the 30th of June, tbal.,,-b
amicable arrangement was likely to be come to, alth°7
I had left the affair entirely in the hands of my sec°D-r°f o
I wrote a note, recommending my wife and children a
the care of some friends ; and also a paper (which I sillit
in the presence of two witnesses), declaring that I n'"neot
,
deeply deplored being obliged to go out with Lieut.-Co-„i4
Fawcett, and that, from circumstances over which I•
no control, I was forced to do so. I most earnestly Ciss%
sired that some arrangement might be come to the f°11°„00
ing morning, and I made three appeals to Mr. Grant ik j,
the ground with that view, saying each time, Good tai[
Grant, can nothing be done to stop this dreadfulearl
from going on ? ' but it appears he was so obstinate'Yeett,
violently received the day before by Lieut.-Col. Fewtiltd.
that he had no hope of coming to a friendly under'
ing." a. vent-

The following extract will convey some ide'
Munro's state of mind :
I will not attempt to describe my own most u-". 5-039
state of mind, since I have been forced to, Arif°—
country, my profession, and my beloved wife, chi
father, mother, and relations ; but those who have know_o
me from my childhood, and my gallant comrades,
c'
conceive what I have suffered. I had a happy and a erg
tented home; my utmost and constant endeavours wtio
directed to perform, to the best of my power, 111 Y du to
to my God, to all men, and also as a faithful subject
her most gracious Majesty ; and I am now a marked 8171
wretched exile. It has been said that was to enter,.
foreign service, and I have occasionally in my solital
and wretchedness thought of doing so ; but my heart 8134
affections arerand ever will remain, with my kindred and
my country;- and I do not think that I need be ashac'e
offo
Butr owninglhave
whata v
eht that
sa
great
iriweaaiii3tepcneonanel
consolation
alone
uli
ot have awvi
inel a act hh eled
cmo
assuranceualndy na
obt i
ptttire,earyte teetonoi
r;
merciful and all-seeing Mhker will hold me guiltlessm
the abominable and horrible crime that erring men, li"
myself, lay to my charge."

VOLUNTARY STARVATION.—SOMC time ago' Mt...TO;
i
Osborne, or Newark-upon-Trent, Nottinghamshirer ‘l,l
robbed of a considerable sum of money by a boy na°,:e,
Thomas Charles, in whom he had placed great confideno
This circumstance preyed so deeply upon his mind 0 of
produce an aberration of intellect, and on the 15t4.4
February last he attempted to commit suicide by cutt,;s
his throat.. He was, however, prevented from do- ing tRibP
and since that period has never been suffered to Wife
himself ;. but from that time he stedfastly refused to
the slightest nourishment, and even treated with violeop
any person who offered him food. On the 29th tilt•

died from exhaustion.
SUICITiE FROM DEPRESSION OF SPIRITS.—OnI~afIIIB,
week an inquest wns held at the Friendship Inn, Barre d,
near Appleby, on the body of James Harrison, husblea
man, of that place, aged 73, who was found suSP for
from the branch of an ash tree in his own field. He rt
some months past had complained of pain about his heal,/
particularly at nights, when he was in bed, attended
sickness which produced pain in the head and for vb„ll.,
his wife was obliged to tie up his head with a handno
chief. He had not any work for many weeks ; but. 0141
this time, bad no occasion to complain of want, but 10.
always decently to put on with, when out of work he 141
ed and fretted a good deal. Within the last month he 'be
stated that his spirits were down, and he would never ht
able to work again. On Monday he got up between eig
and nine o'clock, took a ropy and said he would fen,
some bay from the stack, which is in the:field labou'o
quarter of a mile distant. After he had been absent ab 11;
two hours she thought he stayed long, and went to inbc.
for him ; when she got to the field she found him susPe
ed from an ash tree near the bay stack.
GATHERINGS EXTRAORDINARY.—A venerable Pdlefi
man and wife, and both highly respectable people, Zass
lately in Galloway, within a day of one another. "atie
effects, if brought to sale, would furnish matter for
of the most curious catalogues that was perhaps ever ;`,lic,
mitted by an auctioneer to the attention of the pal 006
Deposits of silver coin secreted in places where nries;
would have ever dreamed of looking for suet' mad in
one parcel, carefully wrapped in a piece ofnaed
the corner of a lumber drawer ; others in paper alli
into an old basket, or hid in outhouses, or some eglihped
unpromising corner. These coins appear to have cu,...00
shut out from the light of day for a number of years, .4,
the different values they represent, such as Is. 6d•tis'liot
2s. 6d., and 55.; and had become, in consequenee,lh-er6
only tarnished, but nearly as black as soot itself ery
-
were also gold coins, foreign as well as British, o,n,f /ept
small values up to £5, with a great variety of ditler to
articles, the fancy of the party appearing to have be`, fol'
have a something of everything. Of these, let the d ri.
lowing specimens suffice :—Eight richly-ornamentedad
ding whips ; 18 unbroken pieces of linen ; 30 pair eid°oilX
sheets ; 20 dozen of towels ; about 250 rich-coloure tot,
handkerchiefs ; three dozen thimbles of divers nets
30 pairs of scissors, and one gold pair ditto; 100 P7;00
silk stockings; 30 gowns, made and unmade; 16 tt'b briS•
bonnets; a lot of shoemakers' waxed threads, f bat:
ties attached ; coffin lacing ; and a great number thei°
ties of wines and spirits, of all qualities. Part 0.0 lir
were found in an old tea-chest, supposed to eunt3irofer
thing but rubbish; but when the assistant to a I's, Oil
sional gentleman, engaged in inventoring the effec..,,htee,
directed to throw it out, he drew from their hidingtorrat
seventeen bottles of wines and spirits, some of the; otheio
Champagne. But there was an endless array C...c too
nick-nacks, an enumeration of which would oleuLper_.,
much space, if not exhaust the patience of the ..,geOP„
reader. The husband, in this case, was a great vcallevri
fancier for many years, and possessed a very larg.ecionf.o
tion of these birds, which he regularly fed aa° tPo
with his own hands, and which included neartYbo-pgko
varying breeds known in the world; and, 31,1 et hif,
lengthened period has intervened, we still reeo
pointing out a curious fact in natural historV „IA fc't
that every time the turtle-dove coos, it lifts its r;,6,, oce`a;
And that such is literally the fact, was proved is'orit'es
demonstration. He bad also a number of fine tod oito
but all his feathered favourities have been disr?!.i
_,„witPJl
his death among friends and acquaintances restdVlt snit
the locality which knew him so long and well, ceecliogo.
know him no more. Many of the doves were el f foc,
beautiful, and even valuable to persons desirous
ing a collection on an extended scale,--1111Pifrl"

I

I