The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1835-06-19 00:00:00

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THE ENGLISH IN • .A ,',Tit,:ll
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Mr DEAR HERALD,--T+elmost • ) 4 t 6 irs*egi
has recently happened in Germanys firj, '' "Niii' -.
den with the commercial union of Prussia, 'AVE seems
that there is now not. the least doubt entertained that
Frankfort.and N issau will join in a few weeks. There
will then remain. only • Hanover, Brunswick, Mecklen-
bnrgh, Oldenburg!), Holstien, and the three free cities
of Haml.urgh, Lubeck, and Bremen, that will net have
been hi-wig-Wunder the direct control of
,Prussia. All
the rest of Germany, excepting the Austrian States, will
then form one great commercial state, containing a po-
pulation of 23,000,000 of inhabitants, with ,when it will
be of vital importance to England to enter into friendly
relations, by agreeing to a cessation of those Custom-
house hostilities by which the intercourse ociween Eng-
land and Germany is at present so materially impeded.
It would be vain to regret a state of things which, how..
ever desirable it might have been to have prevented
it, has now been completely organised;. it shou:d be
the business of our government by immediate active
measuress, to weaken the effects of a powerful
coalition directed against our commerce. Unfor-
nately the party struggle going on in England is
calculated to destroy in a great measure her influ-
rnce on the Continent. No one knows, though of course
every one builds up a fahric of futurity on the shadow":
basis of his hopes and fears, which of the two contending'
prieeiWiwill fil;ally triumph.,
.The consequence of this
statenf things is mos(injuriciusly felt by all our Foreign
Ambassadors. The greater part of them are sedulously
occupied in shaping their conduct in such a manner that
another change of
.ministers may not necessarily call for
a change in the diplomatic appointments to this or that
' court; and even where principle and duty are preferred
to official security, an English Ainhassadc r finds his in.
fluence at a foreign court completely lamed, by the
opinion either rear or affected which prevails there, that
the ministerial arrangements of England for the time
being are to be considered only of a temporary character.
Such a State
.of things has now continued for nearly five
years, and most ably has Prussia taken advantage of it
to draw nearly all the minor States of Gerruany_within _
her power; those that still remain independent have'been
enumerated above, but in all of them the agents of Prus-
sia are actively engaged in endeavouring to complete the
commercial subjection of Germany, Hanover, Brunswick,
Holstein, Oldenburg, Mecklenburg., and the three Hanse
Towns ought to be prevailed on immediately to form a
counter union, under the protection of England. Den-
mark, BelgiuM, and Holland might possibly be induced
to join it, in which case a balance of commercial power
would be re. established.
The accession of Baden to the commercial league will
probably be found more injurious to France than to
England; but the same liberal policy by which England
may yet rescue the maritime states of the north of Ger-
many would have enabled France to preserve Bavaria,
Wirtemberg, and Baden, from the clutches of Prussia.
Let our statesmen be careful not to lose sight of the im-
portant fact, that not one of the maritime states of Ger-
many has yet joined the commercial league against us,
and not one of them will join it if England offers them
terms as advantageous as
.those which Prussia offers;
but that.everyone will join it if precautionary measures
are not taken;and that then the whole of Germany will
be scaled, against the produce .of English industry as
effectually as France is at this moment..
The announcement that their government had joined
the league seems to have come most unexpectedly upon
the people of Baden. On the -18th ult. the second
.cham-
be, were occupied with the discussion of a resolution di-
rected against the diet of Frankfurt. Von Rutted( had
brought the resolution forward, and supported it by a
Speech of even morethan usual energy. His speech was
ordered to be printed by the chamber, but has since been
suppressed by the government., and every attempt to in-
sert a report of it in any German paper has been baffled
by the implacable vigilance of the censors. The ministry
did not meet the resolution with a direct negative, but
contented themselves with referring it for consideration
to the sections of the chamber, which was agreed to after
animated and prolonged debate. Immediately after the
close of the debate, the minister of finance entered, and
astonished the assembly by announcing that on the 12th
(six days previously) a treaty had been signed at Berlin, ‘f
by which Baden . had agreed to join the Commercial
Cnion. The chamber was invited to sanction the treaty
by their vote, and as it is well known that a number of
the members'are favvurably disposed to the principle of
the measure, there is no doubt that the government will
immediately be able to obtain the requisite sanction.
To some of the merchants the effects of the measure
will he ruinous, as not only the higher rate of duties im-
mediately comes into force, but, upon all goods already
admitted Into. the grand duchy and deposited in the go-
vernment warehouses, the extra duties will have to be
paid. So completely, it is said, had the negotiation been
kept a secret, that not one merchant had cleared a greater
quantity of nwrcliandize than was necessary to meet the
current .demand.. Baden. binds itself to these , painful
terms without even entering upon the immediate enjoy-
ment of the advantages which the union holds out, for
the Custom-house line against her is to be maintained
for three months, longer, with a view that the stocks
already in the'hands of the retailers may meanwhile be
consumed.
I have written at such length upon the subject of the
commercial union, that I have scarcely left myself room
for any local gossip. I promised, however, in my last
letter to give you some account of the public school here,
and shall now proceed to the due discharge of the obliga-
tions so incurred. The public school, properly so called,
is divided into two departments—the classical and the
commercial. Each of these two branches is again divided
into five classes, and to each of these ten classes is as-
signed.a separate class room, under the immediate super-
intendence of a master responsible for the management
of his class. The whole is under the management of a
'director, who acts as class-master to the first classical
claSs. Each of the -other four classes is under the,super-
intendence of professor, and another professor acts as
vice-director over the commercial school. The fourth
and fifth commercial classes are looked upon in the light
of a preparatory school,
.children of six and seven years
old being received there, and on being promoted ft otn the
fourth class, they advance into the fifth classical or third
commercial class, accordingly as their friends intend them
for trade or for one of the learned professions. The ave-
rage number of pupils at the school fluctuates between
360 and 400, making an average of -about 36 or 40 for
each class, but the fact is that the higher class are much
more numerous than the inferior ones.
In addition to these schools is the Gymnasium, a kind
of preparatory university, which is entirely independent
of the schools. To the Gymnasium five professors
are attached, who
.deliver lectures on theology, history,
mathematics, botany, and philology. The object of the
Gymnasium is to receive boys who, having completed
their course of studies at the public school, are still con-
sidered too young by their parents to be sent away to the
license of a university town. Warm, the historical pro-
feisor, and Lehmann, the botanical professor, are con-
sidered men of high eminence in their several depart-
ments ; the latter has lately suffered in public estimation
in consequence of a silly squabble about the originality
of a rose, in which he. engaged with a clever and active
Scotchman, of the name of Booth, the proprietor of some
extensive nursery-grounds in the neighbourhood of Ham-
burg.
I have been somewhat diffuse on this subject from two
motives. The first. is, that I wish some of our large towns
would establish schools on this plan, if it were only to
shame .our public establishments into something like
decent exertion in the cause of education. It might form
a feature in the corporation reform bill to require every
corporation to devote a portion of its funds to the erection
of
.such asehool, and, where a better plan could not be
suggested, the German plan might be adopted.
My second motive is to call the attention of the Eng-
lish public to the school in question. Many children are
sent over to the continent for education, and very fre-
quently 1 fear, parents afterwards find cause bitterly to
repent the step. In France schools are on a worse foot,
ing even than in. England, and children returning from
French schools seldom bring anything back with them
but had morals and a smattering a thelanguage. .
The public schools of Hamburgh mild Lubeck are esta-
blishments of acknowledged eminence. There the sons
of the best 'families of the place, and of many of the,
wealthy or noble families of the country round, are edit
sated, and the constant vigilance of the public authorities.
is exercised to maintain the efficiency of the establish-
ments. The professors all receive one or two pupils as
boarders into their houses, and their charges, though
higher than those of a boarding school, are by no means
exorbitant. The English and French teachers do the
same, and thus an advantageous opportunity is offered to
parents who wish their children to be educated abroad,
of placing them at a first-rate public school, and securing
them at the same time all the enjoyments of an English
family. THE TRAVELLER.

We lament to announce the death of the Duchess of. Argyll,:
which took place on Tuesday morning after• a lingering iiluess.
Her Grace's disorder was of a very complicated character, coin-.
prising, it is said, dropsy, disease of ,the heart, and water on
the brain. She was seditiously attended by her daughters du-
ring the progress of her illness, especially by the Duchess of
Rich:nand, who was constantly with her for fifteen days.
The delivery of the daughter of the Grand Seignior, who was:
married about twelve months ago, is announced in the Ottovan:
Moniteur in the following terms :—" In the seraglio, the delight
ful abode of the august daughter of his highness, the blessedi,
Sultana Salihad and her worthy consort liatil Pacha was born.
on the 22d of the month Silkaudah, at the close of the day, a:
rosebud of the garden of magnificence, a shoot from the valley;
of the roses of the seraglio, a little boy, found to be the joy of
hearts." On the day following this happy event the Sultan made
a gracious visit to this august couple, and among other dignified
names deigned to give the new-born that of Abdul Hap:lid—Ara-
bian words, signify ing " most high servant." On the day after
thei e arrived at the 'seraglio, one atter the other, the august son-in-.
law of the Grand Seignior, the Grand Vizier, the Seraskier, the •
Capudan Pacha. and the:nuselim, Pachai to present their con-
gratulations. The other high personages employed at the Porte
came afterwards iu succession to perform the same duty.