The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-03-10 00:00:00

YESTERDAY.

On the Learned Judge this morning taking his seat, and
the names of the jury having been called over, his Lordship
commenced his summing up. He commenced by observing
that they had at last arrived at the last stage in that import-
ant investigation. The jury had received from both sides
their opinion of the extreme attention they had paid to the
case. Ile (the learned judge) must bespeak the same atten-
tion ; first, as to what was the nature of the charge against
the defendants ; next, what was the law applicable to the
nature of the charge made against them, and lastly, what was
the evidence bearing on the defendants generally as a body,
and particularly as it affected each, and whether it was suffi-
cient to bring him within that law which made criminal the
acts charged. He said he should feel it his duty to call their
attention to the whole of the evidence which had been given,
although it might be irksome to do so, yet he felt it could
not be dispensed with ; and, secondly, he should call their
attention to some legal distinctions applicable to the charges
against the defendants. They had been told over and over
again what it was the defendants were charged with; it was
the crime of conspiracy, mixed up, it was true, with other
charges, hut, as they had been withdrawn, the attention of
the jury would be directed to the charge of conspiracy alone.
It had been said there was extreme difficulty and confusion
in the present case to discover what was the crime of con-
spiracy. He (the learned judge) did not see the difficulties
which had been suggested by others. Undoubtedly there
might be cases of conspiracy in which it might be exceed-
ingly difficult to define what was a conspiracy. Now, he
apprehended, a conspiracy in law was the combination of two
or more persons to do an illegal act, or to bring about a legal
act by illegal means. The indictment contained a variety
of counts, which, in truth, were nothir g more than differ-
ent charges, which, as they had been given up, it was not
then necessary to discuss. There remained now, therefore,
only seven counts of the indictment, all of which related to
conspiracy. His lordship then explained the nature of the
different counts of the indictment to the jury. Some of
them charged the defendants with conspiring together by
tumult and violence causing persons to leave their employ-
ment, and by such means endeavouring to bring about
a change in the laws and constitution of this realm,
others charged that there being a cessation of labour,
the defendants took advantage of that to aid and abet others
to the prisoners unknown to bring about such a change; and
the fifth count merely charged them with persuading others
to refrain from work until the Charter became the law of the
land. Now, as there was some difference of opinion as to
whether that was really a crime, the jury would have to say
whether, after hearing the evidence, they were of opinion,
supposing them to be guilty at all, they found them guilty on
the former or the latter counts. His Lordship, after some
observations on the combination laws, expressing his appro-
bation of the relaxation which had taken place in that portion
of the criminal code, read over the whole of the evidence, and
then pointed out that portion of it which applied to 24 of the
defendants, who took part in the conference which was held
on the 17th August, in the chapel of the Rev. James Schole-
, field ; and then asked the jury to consider whether they were
of opinion that the defends .ts were guilty on the fifth count
of the indictment, or on the others. When they had con-
sidered that, he wound then explain to them the nature of the
evidence applicable to another class of defendants who had
attended public meetings in various parts, and against whom
a different species of evidence had been given.
The jury then retired, at twenty minutes past four, to
consider the point; and were out of court when our report
left Lancaster.

It is not expected that the jury will deliver their verdict
until a late hour, if at all, to-night.

FATAL FIGHT —On Monday a quarrel occurred at the
Merryvale, between a shoemaker named
Cornelius Bevan, and a gipsy knife-grinder from Liverpool,
named Cuff, which was subsequently renewed at the Jolly
Waterman, Birdport ; and during its progress Bevan was
somewhat injured. It was then agreed that the parties
should have a regular fight at Pitcheroft the next afternoon.
They accordingly met, and after about a dozen rounds, Bevan
became insensible, when he was placed on a hurdle and taken
to the Infirmary, where he died the same evening. On Wed-
nesday an inquest was held on the body, when a verdict of
manslaughter in the first degree was returned against John
Cuff, and against three persons in the second degree.—
Worcester Journal.

AFRICAN' AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.—It appears by a
letter teoeivcd from Mr. Dillon Tennent, the secretary, that
this unthrtaking has been abandoned for want of support.
It is but justice to this gentleman to say that his motives in
originating this project are said to have been those of huma-
nity, he believing that a settlement on the island of Fernando
Po, with model farms and the example of general cultivation,
would assist, along with other means, in the suppression of
the slave trade, by proving to the chiefs on the coast that it
would be more to their interest to employ their subjects in
husbandry than to sell them for slaves. With such a climate
there never could have beeu the least chance of a successful
issue, and it unfortunately haypens that the greatest calamities
have constantly been produced by persons with great inten-
tions, who were only mistaken as to the manner of acting
upon them. Africa, more than any other part of the world,
seems destined to prove the truth of this remark.

DISTRESS IN SHEFFIELD. —ln every direction may be
seen shops, houses, and inns to let—some of them in the
principal thoroughfares and best squations for business in
the town. If inquiries are made of any of the manufacturers
in the different branches of the Sheffield trade as to the pos-
sibility of improvement, the answer sure to be returned is,
that starvation awaits the greater number of manufacturers
and factors in the town. Bankruptcies and assignments are
of daily occurrence, and, during the three days our corre-
spondent stayed in Sheffield, two tradesmen were declared
bankrupts, both of which were caused by the failure of
Parker, Shore, and Co., or at least facilitated by that event.
The general impressio❑ appears to be, that the misery and
distress have not yet reached their climax, and that the effects
of the failure above alluded to cannot be contemplated until
payment of the debts due to the batik is enforced.—Leeds
Intelligencer.

A PORPOISE CAUGHT IN THE RIBBLE.— On Sunday
morning last, at about nine o'clock, as the men employed at
the Ribble navigation improvement were working their punts,
two of them saw a " monster of the deep" in a shallow sand
bank, about one hundred yards from the Chain, They struck
at it with their long poles, which are. iro❑ shod at the end,
and one of them went through the body of the fish. Upon
subsequent examination, it proved to be a large bottle-nose
porpoise. The struggles of the porpoise were so great that
it splintered the pole. The men at length succeeded in
getting it into the boat, and in keeping it alive until they
it up to the Mar:h End. It was subsequently taken to a place
in the neighbourhood, and exhibited. The Ribble Naviga-
tion Company, we hear, have claimed the porpoise, and, we
understand, it will stuffed and deposited at the Philosophical
Institution. The " monster " had most likely been left by
the preceding tide; having in all probability been driven there
by the punts, or been lured there for preying upon the smaller
species of the " finny tribe." It measures five feet three
inches in length, and three feet two inches in thickness.—
Preston Chronicle.

INQUEST EXTRAORDINARY, lIELD UPON A TOMB-
STONE.—On Wednesday evening last James Carroll, Ebq.,
coroner, haying received an official communication of a sud-
den death occurring about six miles from Nenagh. at a place
called Tterinoyle, on the road towards Borrisoleigh, he ac-
co,-clinaly, on Thursday morning, proceeded to hold an in-
quest on the body of the deceased, a man named John Cor-
mack. Three policemen from the nearest station preceded
the coroner for the purpose of procuring a jury. On the ar-
rival of the coroner and medical officer a spirit of insubordi-
nation presented itself, and in the most determined manner,
the roale threatening the coroner and the medical gentlemen
in attendance, and were not sparing in their abuse of the
police.
Reasoning with them was out of the question : they
would listen to no one; and, from the unequivocal gestures
tuld violence of conduct of the parties, (some hundreds of
peasantry from the inountains,) :Mr. Carroll considered it
most prudent to return to Nenagh, determined not to be

baffled in the exercise of his duty.- The coroner at once sent
a requisition to the barracks to the officer commanding the
ssth Light Infantry fur a party; and with this force, and a
strong body of the police, under Sub-Inspector Blake, be
proceeded in the direction of the grave-yard, Killaneave, so
as to intercept the funeral before it arrived there, if they left
the house with the body before he could reach Tiermoyle.
Accordingly, accompanied by Mr. Tahuteau, R. M., Major
Power, and Lieutenant and Adjutant Darrell,land Lieutenant
Grey, of the 85th, the funeral was met about half a mile from
the house and about two miles from the grave-yard. There
were immense numbers of country people, who, when they
saw the military and police on the road, joined the cavalcade,
and in alt there could not be fewer than three thousand. The
same spirit was apparent, although partially suppressed, and
the refusal to allow the inquest was as in the morning. Mr.
Carroll intended to stop the procession at the first house on
the road, and there hold the inquisition, but every door was
instantly shut against him, and the bearers of the corpse hur-
ried on at a brisk pace. The military and the police being
halted on the road leading down to Mr. Hawkshaw's, at Mil-
brook, they were drawn up across the road, when it was con-
ceded that the inquest should be proceeded within the church
yard, which was agreed to by Mr. Carroll; all he wanted was
the vindication of the law, and to show the Tipperary legisla-
tors that it should be enforced. The procession extended
nearly a mile along the road and increased at every step.
When arrived at the church yard, the military and police took
up a commanding position, and if a riot had occured there
must have dreadful havoc, and loss of life taken place. How-
ever, by a conciliatory coui se pursued by the coroner and
Mr. Tabuteau, all was peaceably effected, and on a tomb
stone for a table, the inquest proceeded; and although at first
a jury could hardly be go t yet all ended to the satisfaction of
every one—and a verdict of " Visitation of God" returned.
Neackak Guardia's.

THE VERDTCI

NAUGHTEN"S CASE

7cTuittal of this
m
The Times of Monday last, after remarking that they are
te that ac-
quittal, Cockburn, that
prevented from questioning the rice of
the
ttehestmatoetmiveenst
whichof Mr.
daan, or
comments the propriety
h on
M'Naughten, although he wrote very excellent businesslike
letters, in which he evinced no slight shrewdness and prov;_
deuce, and although he expressed himself
on general topics
in a clear, intelligent, and intelligible manner, yet
unfortu-
nately laboured under a species of monomania, which
learned counsel called " hornocidal monomania." In the
this
proposition he was borne out by the evidence of Sir A.
rison and Dr. Monro, who declared their conviction that
prisoner had laboured under a morbid delusion, of which
this murder was the climax. It is usual enough, says the
Times, to hear it advanced that all men arc less sane upon
some points than others; that all men have some oddity,
some queer habits, some peculiar fancy, by fostering or
humouring which exclusively they would become decidedly
mad on one particular point. This is common enough. But
we never before heard this self-engendered insanity pleaded
in defence of crimes to the perpetration of which it might
have contributed.
We want to know, for the benefit of simple folks, what in
future is to be considered insanity ? It appears that it is not
enough that a man should talk and write correctly on mat-
ters of business, give a good account of what is passing round
him, or pronounce a correct opinion of men and measures,
in order to be considered sane; but, if he indulge in the hu-
mours of a morbid melancholy, and cherish the fancies of a
diseased imagination, this is sufficient for him to obtain the
character of a monomaniac; and if he only proceeds to com-
mit murder, that is the climax of his monomania.
Now, we fear that. there are many monomaniacs in the
world ; and we suppose that they have as various tastes and
whims as their saner neighbours. We are not philosophers
enough to know whether they are superior to the impulses
of vanity, avarice, or revenge. From all that we know, or
have read, of human propensities, we rather believe that
these are the predominant passions of most monomaniacs.
In that case it certainly is desirable that they should be known
by some accurate and general description in time to gcard
their intended victims from a monomaniacal pistol or a cli-
macteric stiletto. It may be a pleasing fancy for such men
to contemplate the prospective otium cum copid of Bedlam
and the grandeur of lionized insanity ; but it would be more
agreeable to the interests of society if they could be intro-
duced to these pleasures without the preparatory noviciate
of unprovoked and uneTplained assassination ; for, highly
curious as the phenomenon may be in a medical point of view,
it is but poor consolation that a fellow man has been prema-
turely cut off from the duties and enjoyments of a,well-spent
life by the unsuspected blow of an assassin who " laboured
under a morbid delusion, of which murder was the climax.'

The Herald of yesterday says that though the verdict was
startling and unexpected, it was nevertheless strictly in ac-
cordance with the evidence, and remarks strongly on the
simplicity, impartiality, and solemnity that distinguish the
administration of criminal justice in England, in contrast
with the existing appeals, and bullying and frightening of
witnesses so frequently displayed in the courts of France.
The trial of M`Naughten, says that journal, when compared
with that of Madame Laffarge or Jacques Bresson in France
ought to convince the most sceptical Englishman of the vast
superiovitv in every respect of the tribunals of his own coun-
try over those of our neighbours.
We cannot but enforce on every man and every function-
ary the importance to public safety of paying due attention
to the symptoms of monomaniacs, and of their taking steps
to protect society from such outrages as that committed by
Wl•laughten. It is the duty of magistrates and relatives to
place under restraint persons exhibiting so flagrantly such
delusions as those repeatedly displayed by M`Naughten—
the absence of such magisterial or parental authority in this
case has been followed by assassination. We would more-
over point out to the commissioners of police the necessity
of giving the force instructions to prevent the recurrence in
places of great public resort and constant passage, and more
particularly in the seat of the public offices, of such suspi.
cious circumstances as a man placing himself day after day
in one particular situation without any assignable induce.

ment.
The particulars of M`Naughten's past life and the growth
of his insanity afford another testimony to the worthlessness
of all save religious education ; this poor wretch was learned
in the learning of mechanics institutions; he was content in
the pursuit of secular knowledge ; he was ever running after
lecturers and lectures; be was a literary authority amongst
his fellows, and even amongst his superiors in station ; he
was laboriously industrious, and more than nationally
frugal
; but he was an infidel; and a reference to the evi-
dence of John Hughes will show that his infidelity followed
his indulgence in studious habits, and that his lunacy fol-
lowed rapidly his infidelity. There cannot bee stroner case
of the danger of merely worldly knowledg than g
that of
Daniel M•Naughten, for though a perception of the great
truths of heavenly knowledge might not have saved from in-
jury his wits, there can be little doubt that it would have so
tempered and restrained his lunacy as to have interposed be-
tween it and the crime of assassination.

---
In almost every case of lunacy which becomes the subject
of legal inquiry, we find that the hallucination of the party
connects him with distinguished persons. or the sake,
therefore,. of those who occupy high stations, it is necessary
moment when the jury were acquitting that stringent precautions should be adopted. At the very
Scotchman was on his way to London,
111`Naughten on the
ground of insanity, it came to our kilowledge that another
to Liverpool by steam, talked very freely about the folly of
haying a woman on the throne, stated the object of his visit
who, on the voyage
to London to be to settle some affairs with Sir Robert Peel
for
,
and referred to Scripture as abounding in precedents
getting rid of bad rulers by stabbing them. This man ought
to have been placed under arrest by the captain, whom irve-
ral of the passengers advised to hand him over to the Liver-
pool police. With this advice the captain failed to comply.
Our informant, however, has apprised Sir James Graham of
the facts.—Morning paper.

An advertisement appears in the Dublin Evening Mail of
detec-
Monday last, offering the large reward of .300 for the
tion of the miscreant who, influenced by base and
some
malignant motive, transmitted letters to certain, members of
the Viceregal household slandering and traducing th
that
racter of one of the most' amiable and correct persone s th

graces and adorns society.
CONFESSIO'N OF THE MURDERER 1-1 kSICINS.—The fol-
lowing communication from a Rathdrum Correspondent, may
un-
happy man JohnyHenasnikianys
abw.uetirchekollrioeitwdy,on as authentic :—" I beg leave to inform you, 00
wofhitchhe murder of John Pugh
tapetuintbchiejocori
itftyi d
the dreadful crime, rely.convicted that
atn trnueersecloaeyn lastt
a a a the
e tandthatbealone
s:ixr.loß,arstow, -
eath, did voluntarilyconfess "I of
gin ty
the same time authorised the governor of the gaonidteoH"egeinva
cioharnantrad
bintetoewwdaiii
e st.o tlli
feel
lecooniflevlcoend,
that b y cyoomum uni ca t n g it to the
satisfaction otof Itrleie-
cpeoibvieioanmdinpduy—ishEtvheinsiningforrmacakteiot.n for thweilslatbise
Tate CASE OF CRUELTY AT ELLARD, YORICSIIIRE.—The
Halifax Guardian contains an account of some proceedings
against Joseph Whiteley, the collier of Ellard, charged with
the cruel treatment of his apprentice. The particulars of the
case, which was noticed in the House of Commons, have ap-
peared in the Herald. The object of the application was to
otbisttarlantetsheexlparde'ssseddistchheairrgdeisgfrom his present indentures, on
account of the ill-usage whiocahtllibiagcaettda.t
tThehemmool-a
inhumanity, and the indentures were cancelled.
toMenra.blHe °thi
royd, who attended on the part of the lad, said his next Bp_
lineation was under the 20th George 11. and the 22d George
master;
satsrtaetre;s .
11. Hitherto no punishment bad been inflicted on the man
excepting taking the boy from him. The consequence of this
would be that the churchwardens and overseers of the town
town'
ship would be under the necessity of finding the boy a free;
the the magistrsvaetewsitlol
_ancderithaeinciyla,use on which be now proceeded em-
poweredmrieTaxoht
wqouoalred-
that
e Ma
s authorities to get the lad another master.
L clerk‘lad
to the Halifax union, then came forward and said that
been instructed by the guardians to make application" '
doneththaet soothe
the magistrates would bind over the eburchwardens and
over-
seerster
proper
etsos i
ns .
mamasteris t r
a t byo indictment(happ ytha at ttthhee
get properly punished) assented to the application.
CAPTURE or 3e ROBBER.—On Tuesday morning
robbers made a daring attempt to break in Mr. James last two
ris's grocery establishment, situate in Burrin-street, or-
terminated in the capture of one of the gang under very'which
ex-
traordinary circumstances. It appears they were f
urnished
with a complete set of instruments including ', jet,
and braces, saws, pick-locks, iron bars, and mies," bit
operations very systematically by cutting one ofctohmmenced
in order to effect an entrance. The panel beinc, e panels,
of the gang put in his head, and was in the act cut out, one
an iron bar that secured the door transversely,of removing
suddenly on his neck with great force, and actually
secured
remove the bolts. Being unable to rescue himthrust it to
perilous position, his confederates fled. In
the from his
cries of the captured burglar alarmed the in.
a. interim, the
neighbourhood, and the inmates of the houns bitants of the
curing lights and going to the door. found thee' who, on pro-
inside, bleeding profusely from mouth, ears, rob
robber's head
neck being as firmly grasped as if within"' and
TIOM, his
laughable position he was suffered to • a vice. In this
remain until
of the police, who rescued him from his the arrival
being all but strangled, and took him to theperilous position,
robber's name is John Reilly, a native of " lock-up." The
carpenter by trade. and admits that he is a
deserter Dublin ; he is a
45th regiment, just about to embark for from the
II ope. lie is one of a formidable gang of the Cape of Good
just visited Carlow on a professional our, and
who have
notice will induce the inhabitants of
tir.. and we hope this
measures for their security. Reill ns county to adapt
county gaol by William Cary, Esti
,yt was c°rnmitted to the
ensuing assizes. Reilly is marked' ono abide his trial at the
" D," as a deserter. He admits that the side by the letter
extensive gang of burglars whose head be was one of a very
Pool and Dublin, and that businessquarters are in Liver-
being
comrade wished to take a trip to the slack, he and his
rade's name is Keating, and we find provinces. His corn-
" Hue and Cry."—Carlow Sentinel. he is gazetted in the
EXTRAORDINARY CASE.—At
Monday, Thomas Johnson, alias the Leicester assize!, on
for the wilful murder at ' Henry Hensev, was indicted
of Elizabeth Evison. We Croft, on the 12th of February last,
at the time, but, as the circumstances
a brief statement of the case
we give the particulars as mstances are peculiarly atrocious,
peared that the deceased they transpired at the trial. It sp-
at the time of the occur was an aged person, about 70, living
of the same age, in a occurrence with her sister, who was nearly
village of Croft. lonerOncottage, a short distance from the
Sunday, the 12th of February, they
were both well and w ' aiking about as usual. They slept in
the same room up stairs •beds,
in separate and retired to rest
about eight o'clock. They were disturbed not very long af-
terwards by a man breaking in at the windows of their cham-
bers. He proceeded to obtain a light by means of a lucifer
match, and then with some marlin to tie together their hands
and feet very tightly. and to fasten their arms under the
shoulders equally tightly to the bedsteads, so that they cld
not move hand or foot, or at all help themselves. He then
tucked the clothes closely over their heads, and took ss. out
of the pocket ot the surviving sister, and rather more out of
that of the deceased. He also took some silver spoons and
some handkerchiefs, and then decamped by, he street door,
which he left open, leaving the poor women in the state de-
scribed. This was on the Sunday night. They remained in
this condition, both being almost suffocated, until the fore-
noon of Monday, when the deceased, who had been moaning
all the interim, and frequently said that she must be suffo-
cated, expired- The sister could undertake to mark the time
of the death by the cessation of tbe moaning end the breath-
ing as being in the course of the forenoon of Monday. St, r.
herself remained in this horrible state, almost momentarily
expecting the same fate that she knew bad awaited deceased-,
until the Tuesday morning, when she heard some one near,
and cried out for help. This was a poor boy going about with
a live seal from door to door begging, and he gave an alarm,
and fetched a rasa named Hill, who found the door open, and
the poor women in bed with their hands and arms end feet
tied rand manner extremely exhausted. deceased being stiff and
cold, her sister extremely exhauated. He released the
survivor, and unfastened tbe marlin which bound the body of
the decease& and then went and brought Mr. Dewsont the
surgeon. The latter gentleman stated tbst he had heard the
evidence, and had no doubt whatever but that the deceased
had died,
of suffocation from being smothered in the wa e
scribed. She appeared to have been dead about twenty-four-
hours. There were wounds upon the wrist from the tight-
ness with which the cords had been tied. The prisoner was
apprehended, and. from the evidence adduced,
edty of the offence; and the judge sentenced was found
wawa m
the slightest hope of no. him to death

England

Do
A t
The
An(

wish to s

but three a
a, and Lori

Jrities reign—
?—You omit the Insane!
whom no statute controls,

s in their souls.
have only to play

asylum'd a month and a day—
ape from the mad-doctor's keys,
ver they please.

1 or stab whom&

deny a poor
doe or man

crime is no cr

creation

generation

th impunity,

noble immunity

LG e
--when the mind is unsettled

MIRROR LE,

"VITIES

DN AIRS. HONEY BEING FINED FOR ACTING AT

R THEATRE

ost to swell a river,

Are shed for thee, an

t abon

e Liver

Honey's heart

ON MR. NEWPORT'S EXPERIMENTS ON BEES

a name ! For evermore

His praise let poets jolt
Who makes

to sing

ne'er was done before
Bee's wing•

Newport exhib

__......_.......-

THE BURIAL OF

We could multiply quota

we must leave our readers to r

a our Livery

of St. Silas' and St

it to be

n as wel

s much so as shoes

:agency ; ann
Lich, at first

phlet for them-
We heartily wish it an extensive circulation, calcu-

Tis a