The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1851-03-18 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

Reformation. Mr. Lowe concluded his brief remarks by
introducing to the meeting
The Rev. THOMAS ATKINSON. one of the deputation.
The rev. gentleman proceeded to address the meeting on
the object of his mission ' • and, after some introductory
remarks, proceeded to state the following facts :—Doon,
he said, was in the district stretching from Tipperary into
Limerick, and throughout that extensive country there
were at this moment about 800 persons of all ages, who
have renounced popery ; and there were hundreds of
others who were convince of the doctrinal errors of that
system, but who feared to come forward and avow their
real opinion ; but he hoped, if the ministers of the Gospel
in that country were true to their trust, ere long the
whole population would be protestant. (Hear, hear.)
The rev. gentleman then went on to describe the former
state of this district, which was entirely under the dom-
inion of the priests, and was wholly Roman Catholic.
The Bible, however, was now widely circulated, and this
was effected with the approbation of a Roman Catholic
priest. He (Mr. A.) would not assign motives for this
conduct, but the simple fact was that a priest had done
more than any other person could have done for the spread
of the Bible. Some persons had been found willing to
act as Irish teachers, and were engaged by the Irish
Society, and furnished with the usual books ; .but, before
commencing operations, they brought the books to the
priest for his approbation. He examined them, returned
them after the lapse of a few days, observing, " There is
nothing wrong in these books, and I see no harm in a
poor man earninc, an honest penny." Now, among those
books were the Holy Scriptures in the Irish language,
and thus this Romish priest gave currency to that book
which is accomplishing the overthrow of the Papal system.
(Hear, hear). The sincerity of the converts had been
doubted ; but he believed them to be perfectly sincere,
for the entire character of these persons had undergone a
change. It was said that they had thieves and cri-
minals of every description amongst them, but those
charges were ell untrue. He (Mr. Atkinson) had him-
self visited more than twenty converts laid up by fever,
but, in no single case had he ever seen any looking
back to Rome. The reverend speaker proceeded to
inform the meeting on the subject of the persecution
which was practised : if the convert were a labouring man,
he lost his employment; if he belonged to, the farming
class, he was immediately pounced upon by his creditors.
He (Mr. A). was happy to say that some friends had come
forward, and at theirown expense had procured employment
for some, and in cases of sickness supplied funds for their
relief; but such was the blind fury of the Roman Catholics
that positively the shopkeepers refused to supply the con-
verts with provisions, even though they offered money in
payment. But this was not all. Himself and his con-
gregation were assaulted on the Sabbath, as they left the
place in which they worshipped, and finally they were
obliged to obtain the protection of the police. On one
occasion he had writ ten to Sir T. Redington, in reference
to these Sunday persecutions. He stated to the Secre-
tary that a Protestant lady, returning home from Church
in her car, found the road stopped by a wall of stone,
which had been thrown up across the highway. The truth
of this statement had been impugned, and Mr. A. pro-
duced a letter from the lady referred to, confirming in
every particular the statement he had made to the Irish
secretary. The lady, on another occasion, was assaulted
opposite the priest's house. Mr. A. here alluded to the
police investigation in reference to these persecutions,
several extracts from which he read ; and from these
it appeared that in some measure the strong arm of the
law had restrained the persecution. But the snake was
scotched, not killed ; their people were deprived of the
means of obtaining a livelihood, and he appealed to the
sympathy of England to come forward in her strength to
the assistance of Ireland, which was the battle-ground in
the Protestant cause.

The Rev. W. A. DARBY, curate of Cappamore, Mr.
Atkinson's colleague, followed. He commenced by read-
ing a letter, written by the Bishop of Cashel, who stated
his conviction that the conversions already made in Ire-
land were to be attributed to the circulation of the Scrip-
tures in the vernacular. In corroboration of this, Mr.
Darby also quoted a passage from Bishop Berkeley's
well-known queries, one of which is, whether any people
were ever converted to the belief in God and Christianity,
except by means of the Word of God, written in their
native tongue ? The rev. gentleman then went on to
demonstrate this position by copious references to the Old
and New Testaments. He considered that a great mis-
take had been made in adopting the policy of Anglocising
Ireland, and in this respect regretted the course taken by
Elizabeth, who entertained a strong antipathy to the Trish
language, having on one occasion, when it was spoken in
her presence, exclaimed that such a language was only fit
to be barked by dogs. She, however, lived to alter her
opinion, and before the close of her reign a fount of type
of the Irish letters was sent over from England. This
fell into other hands, and was never used for its intended
purpose. Subsequently translations of the Scriptures
had been made, but as they remained in MS. for eighty
years, they were in fact useless. The rev. gentleman
went on to shew that the diffusion of the Irish Bible had
led to the universal reading of the English one, and be
illustrated the happy effects in a social sense, which had
resulted from the spread of the Scriptures in the native
tongue ; in the district from which he came, not one in
twenty now but could read in English. Referring to the
part taken by the priests in reference to the operations of
the Irish Society, he said the priest of the parish, who
had been one of the most violent opponents of the circu-
lation of the Bible, in a conversation with him (Mr. D.)
a short time ago, said—" If you will undertake to sup-
ply me with copies of the Douay Bible, I pledge
myself to circulate them in my parish." He (Mr. D.)
assented, and was then engaged inputting the pro-
ject into operation. (Hear.) But he would inform the
meeting as to the true reason of the priest's re-
laxation. He found the people would read the
Scriptures ; and he thought that by this means
he could modify the effect. Mr. Darby went into details
of the system of persecution pursued by the Papists, not
only against the converts, but the clergy and scripture-
readers. One man, when before the magistrates for
taking part in one of these attacks, said he thought it was
no harm to molest the converts (calling them by an Irish
word which signifies spotted cat), as his priest had stated
as much from the altar. In one case a convert having on
the Sunday given notice of his conversion, the priest pur-
sued him from the chapel, and, as old Butler would have
said,—

" proved his doctrine orthodox
By apostolic blows and knocks."
The best evidence he (Mr. D.) could adduce of the good
results of their efforts was to quote the remarks of the
Crown prosecutor of Munster, made a short time ago.
These were to the effect that whereas a few years ago the
majority of the criminals at the assizes came from the
district referred to, since this work of reformation had
commenced there have been comparatively few persons
charged with outrage or crime. The social change in the
manners and morals of the people of the entire district
he considered nothing less than wonderful.
The subsequent proceedings were of a routine character.

&attire aiib Ontintittire.

MR. HENRY DEACON'S THIRD PAPER ON THE MANtr-

FACTURE OF GLASS,

We have now arrived at that stage in the process when
the blow-pipe is loaded with metal, and is ready for the
blower. The load or piece having passed into the hands
of the blower, he re-heats it through an aperture in a re-
verberatory furnace, called the " pat'eson hole," the de-
rivation of which name is unknown to me. As soon as
sufficiently heated, the man carries the piece to the
" blower's marver," similar in every way to the " ga-
therer's marver," and having hung the piece downwards
in its passage, it elongates and takes a pear-shape. The
point is straightened upon the marver, and then resting
the pipe upon the edge of it, the piece prosecting beyond,
he rolls it to and fro, gently and gradually blows down
the pipe and swells the piece to the form of a spindle, the
point now taking much more of the " bullion" shape. It
must be borne in mind that the hottest and consequently
the softest portions of the piece expand most when blown
out, and that the thickest portions keep hot the longest,
and in re-heating, the thinnest parts are soonest heated.
It can then be conceived, how by waiting until it is some-
what cooled, or by blowing most at fast ; how by hanging
down and drawing out, or keeping up, and running in;
and how by clever management of the rotation of the
pipe, centrifugal force may or may not be brought into
play ;—I say it can be conceived how by these and similar
means an adroit workman regulates the thickness of va-
rious parts of his piece. Having secured the/shape and
proportionate thickness, the blower re-heats it in the
pattoson hole, and on withdrawing it, it is blown out into
a globular form. The pipe is supported on an iron stake,
with a broad notch at the top, and the point is pressed
into a recess at the end of an iron rod, called the " bul-
lion socket," and held by a lad in a low iron fork. The
bullion socket cools, and prevents the expansion of the
little button at the end; and it also supports the end or
bottom of the piece against the breath, allowing the
workman to complete the top, or shoulder, without mak-
ing the bottom too thin. From the bullion socket the
blower proceeds to the " buttoning hole," a furnace
similar to the patteson hole, but of much larger dimen-
sions. The piece is twice re-heated in this furnace, and
blown out each thee, taking the shape of a globe, thinner
at one pole than the other. A third heat is now taken,
and the pipe being turned round rapidly, a well-known
result ensues ; the globe is enlarged at the equator, and
flattened at the thin soft pole, and being immediately
taken from the furnace, it has the shape of a very much
compressed sphere. It is laid across a box containing
soft ashes, and an iron rod or punty having been heated
at the end, and the point dipped in some metal, is brought
by an attendant and stuck to the bullion, the hot metal
and piece firmly uniting. A short iron rod, dipped in
water, is applied to the neck, and causes various small
cracks ; a blow on the pipe with a wooden mallet breaks
the neck at that spot, and separates the piece from the
pipe, leaving an opening about 2 inches diameter. The
blower marks his number with chalk near the bullion,
each man being paid for the number of good tables he
makes, and his work upon the piece is ended. The
" punty sticker" lifts it up by the punty, and carries it
to the " nose hole," a very small but intensely-heated re-
verberatory furnace, with a small circular aperture. Here
the neck, broken from the pipe and comparatively cold, is
re-heated, and is then rolled upon a board to round off
its sharp edges, and the piece is delivered to the " piece
opener" at the " flashing furnace," another reverbera-
tory furnace, of very large dimensions, very hot and full
of flaming fuel, with a large circular aperture at the side,
through which the whole piece is re-heated. It is now
turned more rapidly, the first effect of the centrifugal
force thus acquired being to flatten the other pole of the
globe. The rotation being continued and increased, and
the glass more softened by the heat, the hole expands,
and at length turns outwards. The turning is now care-
fully managed and maintained, for the glass is nearly
melting ; the piece continues to turn, at it were, inside
out, rthe hole becomes larger, and the flange broader.
This opening continuing to the utmost, at length it is
I'4o tido a Sit circuit !plate, and is taken from the

flashing furnace to the kiln ; this duty being that per, Leen sober. Mr. Rushton committed all five pris erg;
formed by Henzel, the gentleman glass-maker previously remarking that receivers were the prime instigators to
alluded to. The " carrier off" has a gauntlet ingeniously crime : he would consider whether bail should be accepted
contrived of sheet tin and felt. to protect his hand from for Mercer.
the heat, and in the hollow or bend of it is a brass bear- A BRUTE.—A seaman named William Connor entered
ing, well oiled, in which the punty freely runs ; the revo- the witness-box to prefer a charge of assault against ano-
lution of the piece is thus continued by its own impetus, ther sailor. The complainant presented a most frightful
as the man walks along, until it has cooled and stiffened appearance; the complication of bandages in which his
so much as not to bend. At the kiln-mouth is a conical face was enveloped had the effect of a mask, from which
block of wood with
<<a few ashes upon the top, called a the eyes, nose, and mouth alone protruded. From the
" whimsey;" as the "carrier off" comes with the finished statements of Constable 739 and a person named Glenalt
piece towards the kiln, the assistant, or " sister," as he is it appeared that the prisoner, whose name is Henry Van-
sometimes called, lays a large two-pronged fork, or way, is an American seaman. About seven o'clock on
" horns," across the whimsey. The carrier-off then Sunday evening the two men were quarrelling in Bath.
rests the bullion upon it, the table being nearly horizontal, street, on the subject of their respective abilities as sea-
and the kilnman detaches the punty with a pair of shears. men. The American, who had evidently indulged rather
The assistant immediately lifts up. the horns, with the freely in the bottle, wanted to fight ; but Connor, who
table resting flat upon them, and passes them through a was quite sober, declined. High words ensued, and ulti-
long narrow opening into the kiln, where it is reared up mately the American attacked the other man ; a struggle
and " piled" upon its edge by the kilnn.an. There are took place, when Connor was thrown down. Vanway
two piles in the kiln, and the tables are piled alter- threw himself upon his prostrate antagonist, and the strug-
nately to each. The first rest against the back wall of gle continued, when Connor uttered a shriek, as if suffering
the kiln ; but after about 20 or 30 are together, a intense anguish ; the bystanders immediately separated
't drosser" is put up : this implement consists of an iron the combatants, when, horrible to relate, it was found
frame, with a projection at right angles from one end. It that the American had bitten off about the half of the
is reared up near the glass, but not touching it, and the upper lip of his miserable victim. Constable 739, who
projection passes over the top of the tables and rests was called on, pursued the cannibal into Denison-street,
against the wall. After another score or so of tables have where he captured him, with the mangled flesh and blood
been piled, another drosser is reared up, the projection of poor Connor adhering to his teeth. The injured man
also passing over the top of the tables, and resting against was conveyed to the Northern Hospital, where his wounds
the first drosser, and so on until the pile is completed and were dressed by Mr. Ward, one of the surgeons. The
divided into five or six sections. Any accident happening poor fellow was scarcely able to articulate in reply to the
between two drossers is confined to that division of the magistrate, who committed the prisoner for trial.
pile, and further mischief is prevented. The kilns hold
about 350 to 400 tables each, the men work from 14 to 16
hours, without any interval ; but there are four workmen
to a set, and only three are engaged at once, so each man
rests, at short intervals, one-third the time he works.
Each time of working is called a journey ; they seldom
make less than 600, an often 750 to 800 tables a journey ;
and three journies a week. There are seven pieces in hand,
in various states of progress, at one time. With all the
men, 45 tables are completed in the hour, each piece tak-
ing a little more than nine minutes, but the number at
work at once brings up the quantity per hour. The glass
is allowed 48 to 60 hours for annealing ; it is then taken
from the kiln, and cut in two by a straight line a few
inches from the bullion. The half-tables are either
packed in crates for sale, or cut into squares to order; in
either case, the article itself, and the use of the diamond,
are too well known to need comment

IRELAND AND FREE TRADE,

The Roman Catholic members for Treland are just now
n a dreadful fume against their former allies, the Whigs,
on account of the measure directed by them against Papal
aggression ; and are ready to move heaven and earth to
drive them from office. It is a pity that these great

patriots never thought of considering what would be the

calamitous result to their country of the free

-trade mea-

sures, which their own insane support of the Whig party
in years past enabled them to carry, and to which that coun-
try has been the first to fall a victim. The substantial
good of Ireland, however, has always been in the eyes of
these men a secondary consideration. To swell the power
of the Romish Church in that country has been the first.
For this she has been kept for the last half-century in a
fever of agitation ; and her wretched population have been
made to drain the bitter cup of poverty to the very dregs.
Until within the last ten or fifteen years, Ireland was
an exporter of food to Great Britain and to her colonial
and other markets. Her agriculture was her great main-
stay. She had prosperous farmers, a well-paid rental,
and flourishing manufactures. Her agriculturists are
now rapidly sinking into pauperism ; and, with a popula-
tion idling in her towns and villages, or fed in her work-
houses. with her fields half cultivated, and her mills and
workshops tenantless, she has become abjectly dependent
upon the foreigner for bread, and occasionally upon the
charity of Great Britain to snatch her from the horrors of
famine. In 1849, she imported from foreign countries
2,115,129 quarters of grain, and 616,157 quarters from.
Great Britain. She imported 256,827 cwts. of foreign
flour and meal, and 338,650 cwts. •~qqf British,—in all
2,731,286 quarters of grain and 595,487"cwt5. of flour and
meal. Her imports in 1850 were 2,202,423 quarters of
grain, and 570,395 cwts. of flour and meal. In 1849 she
supplied the ports of Liverpool and London with 801 tons
of bacon and hams, and in 1850 with 826 tons. She was,
however, compelled to import from Liverpool, in 1850,
3996 tons of foreign hams and bacon. In fact, we learn
from Mr. Braithwaite Poole's Statistics of British com-
merce, that whilst forwarding herlive pigs and her first qua-
lity of cured meats to this country, " nearly all the low
qualities of American bacon imported are now consumed
in Ireland, Dublin being by far the largest market." Her
butter, lard, and pork trades are similarly declining in
importance, whilst the imports of foreign to this country
are largely increasing.
If the gentlemen who now boast of their power to in-
terrupt the entire legislative business of Great Britain,
and declare their intention to harass by every means in
their power their former allies, the Whigs, would devote
a little more attention to the real causes which are rapidly
plunging their country into misery and pauperism, they
would better earn the respect of the world and a character
for genuine patriotism.

HOW TO IMPOVEttISH

A COUNTRY,

A few years ago our attention was continually directed
to the fact, as accounting for the then existing commercial
depression, that the community was hampered by a con-
tinual drain of money for railways. So far as that ditfi-

culty was concerned, we contended that it was only tern.
porary, and of partial prevalence. The money was being
spent amongst our own working classes, employing some
hundreds of thousands of adult labourers, and being
circulated through the hands of the retail traders through.
out the kingdom, to find its way back at length to the
manufacturer, the merchant, and the importer. The
railways are now nearly completed. They constitute a
vast property, in which the nation has invested its accu-
mulated earnings, and the greater part of which is afford-
ing an adequate return. We have, however, a drain upon
the nation's resources going on just now from year to
year, the tendency of which must, before long, occupy the
serious consideration of our statesmen. From a return
of the Board of Trade for the month ended the sth inst.,
we find that we have imported from foreign countries
512,446 quarters of grain of all kinds, and 446,505 cwt. of
flour and meal of all kinds. We have taken the trouble
of extending the various items in this return at the cur-
rent prices of the day, and the result is a total of a million
sterling as the cost of one month's supply of grain, and
this, too, at a period of unprecedented cheapness! We
are throwing into the hands of the foreign agriculturists
te-t or twelve millions a year, to be returned to us—when ?
He will be a very clever man who can tell us. Unlike
our railway expenditure, these millions are not employing
labour, and creating a remunerative property in our own
country. They are not giving an impulse to industry
throughout the length and breadth of the British empire,
and leaving behind them profits in every hand through which
they circulate. It is an annual destruction which is goingon
of the national capital ; a diversion of its fertilizing stream
from Great Britain to the plainsof Polandand Germany, and
the prairies of the United States; an abstraction of the means
of subsistence and comfort from the farmsteads and the
cottages of British subjects, to be bestowed upon the serfs
of the foreign landowners, to feed the revolutionary spirit
which is disturbing the world, or to be dissipated in the
capitals of Europe. _

We are well 'aware it will be urged by our politico-
economical philosophers, that we shall ultimately receive
back this money in remittance for the increased supply of
manufactures which the foreigner will be enabled to take
from us. But there is a serious fallacy in the argument.
We are taking from the foreigner labour alone, or, what
is the same thing, the produce of his soil combined with
labour. He will take from us in return, provided he is
even disposed to take anything like the same money
amount, which we more than doubt, articles of which a
small portion only is labour, and the bulk a foreign raw
material. An order this month for manufactured goods
to the amount of a million sterling, in return for the
million's worth of grain imported last month, would in-
spire joy unbounded in the breasts of the Manchester
millocracy, and afford the text for loud congratulations in
Downing-street ; but the transaction would be a Flemish
one to the nation nevertheless. We shall give a pro
forma statement of the little account

ba. John Bull to the Foreign Agriculturist per contra CR.
1851,

March 5. For grain to this date .. £1,000,000

„ ~ Bycotton yarn and ca-

£1,000,000

£1,000,000 £1,000,000
The account would appear to be balanced ; but there
would have to be paid a little item of John Bull's indebt-
edness to Jonathan

" For cotton supplied up to date," say.... £500,000,
which would impart a much less satisfactory colour to the
transaction.

It cannot be denied that nations, like individuals, im-
pinge upon their capital, and most be regarded as impro-
vident, to the extent to which they buy from others what,
by a proper use of their energies and industry, they could
produce for themselves ; and high as the position of
Great Britain is as a commercial country, an addition of
ten or twelve millions a year to the debit side of its ledger
is no light matter. Many a tradesman has found himself
in the Gazette as the result of inattention to a circum-
stance so significant.

" THE BEGGAR'S PETITION."—The authorship of this
little poem has at times excited a good deal of attention.
It has been attributed, on no very sufficient grounds, to
Dr. Joshua Webster, M.D. ; but from the Gentleman':
ei s
only— r
20
copies
o
Magazine, vol. lxx., p. 41. it appears that it is the entire
hpriloldaund Trentham,ctionoftheße
Staffordshire, in
eT ahtooomnnadssiatnio don s,
friends.—From thati
who
minister
dn wrote
ste r
F o i
tofmat Bi ev.rl y
as
about
the age of 23. He sold the manuscript of that, and of se-
veral other, to Mr. Smart, printer, in Wolverhampton,
who, from the dread which Mr. Moss had of criticism, was
abstOhneoidnpu,Quldpbuhrleiearssvhieeenst.htheiecismntoaomhniestirii annexedc
to them, for the purpose of

WELBECK ABBEY.—TO the left we see extensive ken-
nels, the care and amusement of Lord Henry Bentinck,
v
ble
who is zealously devoted to fox-hunting : the eldest bro-
ther, theeTt3lll oeatii
Igneilays'
seeanl
tf
it
nor)
att
hnh
ee.
at
antliuosnesm.
n efimei s m
li()Ilso yoosrr morn
reclamation of waste land, irrigation of meadows, adjust-
ment of rents to changing c;rcurnstances, and occasionally
in issuing injunctions to tenants, that, whatever they do,
let them not reduce working men's wages—these have
been 1-Is. and 13s. a-week—let them continue ;so says
the Duke of Portland. Differently engaged from her
brothers is Lady Mary Bentinck. We may see her one-
horsed carriage and two men-servants at any one of the
several villages or towns within ten miles, to which the
Duke's estates extend ; a box in the carriage to carry
goods, books, comforts, and condiments for the poor—one
servant to keep by the carriage, the other to assist her.
It is her every-day employment to visit the numerous
schools which she has established, to read to the young,
and hear them read ; to give them rewards ; to visit the
sick and needy, and raise them out of sickness and need
as far as she can. She can do much, and does it. God
bless Lady Mary Bentinck, and all who are like her !
such is the aspiration of many a grateful heart.—Corre-
spondent of the Daily Netts.

r,

PHILADELPHIA

HAEL AN ,
. Wits° mmander,
SOOT egister,
Is appointed to sail, in lku o e EUROPE, as the Packet of tl
Ist April. The NlictiA NGELO is coppered and coupe
fastened; now on be ird voyage; and is a most desirab
conveyance for go and passengers.—For freight, &c. appl
to JAS. M'HENRY, 5, Temple-place.

4

Loading ber

outh stde Waterloo Dock

THE " BLACK STAR

LINE OF PACKET

LIVERPOOL TO NEW YORK.

Will sail punctually on the 26th instant,

an Packet-ship

VANDALIA

J. M. NORTON. Commander ;

825 tons register; cope
ably

1 anslAinciered ; sills remarl

At, and, as a conveyancejergoods, is not excelled

other ship afloat.

Apply to

C. GRIMSHAW and CO

Goods will Ilefe

red till Mid

fight of the 25th instant,

Will be succ

led by the JOSEPH WALKER,

tam HOXIE

EMIGRATION TO THE UNITED STATES.

LHARNDEN & CO.'S LINE OP PACKETS

For PHILADELPHIA.
Line of Packets sailing on the 12th of each month
Tons Tons
reg. bur

TONAWANDA Capt. MIERCR
SARANAK Capt. DUNLEI
WYOMING Capt. Jut.] us
TUSCARORA Capt. TURLEY

To sail.
300.. 2000.. 12th April
1000.. 1800.. 12th May.
1100.. 2000.. 12th June.
1200.. 2000.. 12th July.

For NEW YOB
Capt. muts

ARGO
BEN LOMOND .. Capt. Maopti
NEW YORK Capt. Br
PYRAMID Capt.ironiNsoN

1000..180e.. 50th March

.94..ii0ti:.26th March
1000..1500.. Ist April.
740..1500.. 2d April.,

Capt. FREEMAN.
BOSTON.
RIO GRANDE .. . Capt. RYAN .... 600.. 1200.. This Day.
BLANCHARD ... Capt.BLaNcuAan7oo.. 15001 Succeeding
MAINE Capt. 930..1800
FOREST STATE .. Capt. POLLSTER . 850..1800 Packets.

For NEW ORLEANS
... Capt. DOWD

1800.. immediately