The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1845-07-22 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

GENERAL MISCELLANY.

On Thursday, the freedom of the city of London was
presented to Sir Henry Pottinger by the Council.
Parliament, it is said, will be prorogued on the 7th
August.
Sir F. Goodricke, of Studley Castle, sustained a loss
of £5OO in glass alone, during the thunder storms.
The following extraordinary advertisement appeared in
the London Times last week :—" To A. K.—Wretched :
let me see you !"
AMERICAN ICE.—The first cargo of American ice im-
ported directly into Scotland, is now discharging at the
Broornielaw from the brigantine Acton, of New York.
Three sisters named Nottidge, residing at Brighton,
were married to three clergymen at St. Mary's Church,
Swansea, on the 9th instant.
The profane wretch, Greenwood, who was struck blind
with lightning, at Nottingham, on Sunday week, is
gradually recovering his sight, in the county infirmary.
The London Times, with its Supplement of eight pages,
has frequently of late given circulation to upwards of one
thousand seven hundred advertisements a day !
Owing to the rise in the price of wheat in Monday's
Mark-lane markets, most of the bakers at the West-end
have advanced the 41b. loaf a halfpenny.
Mr. John Tate, of Ropary House, near Maryport, has
a hive of bees in his garden, which have thrown three
casts in the short space of twelve days.
An engine boiler exploded on Tuesday, at a mill belong-
ing to Mr. Wolliscroft, at Botteslow. Four men were
much injured, and the building reduced to ruins.

On Thursday last the sum of £5OO was voted by the
corporation of London, in aid of the sufferers by the late
fire at Quebec.

A new drama called Faith, Hope, and Charity, the
scene of which is laid at Woodside, on the river Mersey,
has been produced at the Surrey theatre.
Mr. Doubleday has so completely restored the cele-
brated Portland Vase, that it will defy the most critical
to discover where it was injured.
RIVER TRAFFIC.-13y the iron steam-boats alone
which pass from London-bridge to Chelsea, there were
conveyed last year 2,300,000 persons.
The Queen has appointed George Grey, Esq., to be
Lieutenant-Governor of New Zealand, and Frederick
Holt Robe, Esq., major in the army, to be Lieutenant-
Governor of South Australia.

On the 14th inst., a desperate riot took place at Dalton,
in Furness, amongst the men engaged in constructing the
railway. Two of the chief offenders were captured, and
have been committed for trial at the assizes.
BILLIARD AND BAGATELLE TABLES.—In the bill
which has passed both houses of parliament, it is pro-
vided that persons keeping billiard or bagatelle tables
shall be licensed.

The man Graham, at Carlisle, has confessed that he is
the murderer of both his aged father and wife. A verdict
of wilful murder had previously been returned against
him.

It is stated that Captain A'Court, member for Tam-
worth, will succeed Captain Boldero, as Storekeeper of
the Ordnance ; and Mr. Cripps, member for Cirencester,
is mentioned as the probable successor of Mr. Bonham.
The Morning Chronicle states that the papal govern-
ment, !with a view to the more effectual prevention of
contraband trade, has reduced considerably the duties of
export and import on many articles of merchandise, and
intends to apply the system of reduction to many others.
On Tuesday, at midday, an old man named Davies,
above 80 years of age, was stop ed, on the highway near
Swansea, and robbed of £l7O. He was then throw• n into
a culvert, but was fortunately found in time to preserve
his life.

DESTRUCTIVE FlRE.—Almost the whole of the fine
mansion-house of Tulloch Castle, near Dignall, Inver-
nesshire, with a large portion of its rich and valuable fur-
niture, some family portraits and pictures, the library,
was on Monday destroyed by fire.
A steamer, 340 feet long,—]B feet longer than the
Great Britain,-35 feet beam, 10 feet in depth, and
measuring 1,200 tons, has just been hunched at New
York. She is intended to ply between that place and
Albany.
ELDERLY ACTRESSES.—Miss Tidswell, Mrs. Cole-
man (Mrs. Gibbs theatrically), Mrs. Coates, Mrs. Ken-
dall, Mrs. Harlowe, Mrs Ivers (mother to Mrs. ()ger),
Mrs. Bannister (widow of the immortal Jack), Mrs. Wal-
lack (mother of the Brigand), are all living. Their united
aged exceed 660 years.
A CURE FOR STAMMERING.—The boy, John Sweeny,
who was so severely injured in the brow by a kick from
a horse on Saturday night last, was before the accident
one of the greatest stammerers in his speech. He now
speaks fluently, and with the greatest ease.—Caledonian
Mercury.

Miss Eden, daughter of Mr. Eden, brother to Lady
Brougham, was drowned at Worthing on Friday week by
the upsetting of a boat, in the view of her mother who
saw the accident from the beach. Miss Baring, another
daughter of Mrs. Eden, by a former husband, was in the
boat, but was rescued.
In foreign countries, instead of the common muzzle,
which irritates the,dog, by keeping the mouth closed and
preventing drinking, the dogs wear a kind of wire nose-
bag, strapped sufficiently tight to the head, which does
not confine the mouth, but permits drinking. With this
guard a dog cannot bite. The expense is trifling.
WAR AGAINST DOGS.—The war against the canine
race still "continues to be carried on by the police in
Leeds, but, since the great onslaught which terminated
in the massacre of about 150 dogs in one week, the
victims have been not more than four to six daily. All
dogs found at large are seized by the police, confined in a
dark building, and killed a few hours afterwards.
FLOWERS OF CELTIC ORATORY.--AS to Mr. Roe-
buck, he had been complaisant enough not to attack him
(Mr. O'Connell) since he went over to London. Now,
in truth, he cared as little for his abuse as for the barking
of a cur-dog, and he begged pardon of the four-footed
animal for the comparison. That was all he had to say
about little Roebuck.—Speech of Mr. O'Connell.
Tess GAME-LAWS.—Mr. Justice Coleridge, when
charging the grand jury on Friday at Hertford, said that,
in addition to the ordinary cases of being armed at night
in pursuit of game, trespassing, &c., it appeared that
during the year 1844 there were three cases of murder,
nineteen of shooting at keepers or other persons, with
intent to commit murder, and two cases of manslaughter,
all arising out of offences connected with the game-laws.
ILLEGIBLE WRITING.—The bad writing of many of
the nobility and gentry is proverbial. An illustration of
this occurred at the Warwickshire Quarter Sessions, last
week, when the Coventry Herald states that a prisoner, who
on commitment had made a confession to Lord "Afford
(which was taken down by his lordship) was acquitted in
consequence of no person in court being able to decipher
his lordship's writing.

STOCK EXCHANGE EXPRESS.—Pigeo❑ expresses are
now not sufficiently expeditious for the Stock Exchange
gentlemen, to convey to them the intelligence of the deci-
sions of railway committees ; they have now, it seems, a
system of telegraphing the news by means of flags hoisted
up at Westminster Bridge, and, by the aid of one or more
intermediate signs, the expectauts at London Bridge are
communicated with. Thus is speculation the mother of
invention.—Railway Magazine.
UNCERTAINTY OF THE LAW.—On Wednesday last, at
the Nottingham assizes, before Chief Baron Pollock,
Richard Pearson, aged thirty-two, was put on his trial, for
having indecently assaulted a girl not quite fourteen years
old, with an intent to violate her person. A bill for the
more atrocious offence had been presented to the grand
jury, hut ignored. By the evidence, however, the capi-
tal offence was fully proved. The Chief Baron decided
that, as the prisoner was indicted for an assault with in-
tention to commit a rape, and as the evidence went to
prove the actual commission of the more serious crime,
he could not, under that indictment, be convicted, and he
was accordingly acquitted.
IMPERIAL PRESENTS.—Amongst the articles taken
out by the Rob Roy steamer from hull last week, for St.
Petersburg, were a portrait of our most gracious sovereign,
in a magnificent frame, and a package of splendid por-
celain, presented by her Malesty to the Emperor of all
the Russians ; also a family carriage for Prince Wolkon-
sky ; and the Emperor's first Ascot Cup, won after a
smart race by the Earl of Albemarle's horse Emperor.
The latter exquisite specimen of art is sent over by its
noble owner for inspection by the Emperor and his
court, as a compliment to the imperial founder of the
prize.

ACCUMULATED AFFLICTION.—Mrs.DeIisser, a reqpect-
able lady, of London, has had causes of grief accumulated
upon her in a most singular manner. A short time since
her husband, Dr. Delisser, died suddenly. On Monday
evening last, her son, a fine young man, nineteen years of
age, a student, who was about to enter the college, also
died suddenly. On Friday last, while Mr. Wakley was
holding an inquest on the son, she received intelligence
that her daughter, a fine girl, aged fifteen, had fallen from
a second floor window and fractured her skull. A sur-
geon was sent for but she died in little more than an hour
after the accident. It is supposed she was leaning from
the window in order to get a view of the room in which
the inquest was held, and that she overbalanced herself
and fell over into the area.

SUGGESTED INDICATOR OF HEAT IN THE HOLDS OF
VESSELS.-It has been suggested to the committee of
Lloyd's, by a letter from a party at Edinburgh, whether, in
the present scientific age, it be not worthy the attention
of scientific men, and all interested in the fate of our mer-
cantile marine, to have indicators of heat placed in the
holds of vessels ? The writer remarks that the invention
is " not difficult of accomplishment," but does not men-
tion whether he has discovered any means by which to
prevent spontaneous combustion on board vessele. It
may be, however, observed, that the subject has not been
entirely overlooked, and that within a very recent period
suggested plans to extinguish fire in the hold of a vessel,
both by mechanical and chemical application, have been
brought before the notice of the shipping interest.
InoN.—Our imports of foreign iron in 1844 were—
chromate of iron, 2,365 tons ; pigs, 52 tons ; bars un-
wrought, 24,483 tons ; bloom iron, 524 tons ; old broken
and cast-iron, 97 tons ; unwrought steel, 2,717 tons ;
wrought steel and iron, entered by weight, 153 tons ;
ditto, entered by value, £11,905. Of foreign iron in bars,
21,598 tons were retained for home consumption, and
5.876 tons were exported, of which 3,371 tons went to
India, and 1,013 to our North American colonies.—Of
Britishl iron we exported that year 99,960 tons of pig
iron ; 230,935 tons bar iron ; 18,980 tons bolt and rod
iron ; 18,969 tons cast-iron ; 1,963 tons iron wire ; 2,490
tons of anchors, grappels, &c ; 15,654 tons in hoops,
&c. ; 7,226 tons of nails, &c. ; and of all other sorts
(except ordnance), 48,170 tons; of old iron, for re-manu-
facture, 9,271 tons ; and of unwrought steel, 5,121 tons.

ART UNIONS.--A bill has been brought into the Corn-
mons by Mr. Wyse, which enacts that all persons, being
members of any Art Unions specified in the act 7 and 8
Victoria, c. 109, shall be discharged and freed from all
suits and prosecutions to which they might be liable as
being concerned in lotteries, "little-goes," or unlawful
games, for anything which may be done by them as mem-
bers of such Art Unions before the Ist day of August,
1846, touching the purchase of any picture or other work
of art, by chance or lot.
CIVIL LIST PENSIONS.—The following pensions have
been granted upon the Civil List, between June last year
and the 20th ult.:—Mr. Fraser Tytler, £2OO a year ;
Mrs. Hood, now the widow of the late Thomas Hood,
£lOO a year; the four daughters of Lieut.-Col. Robert-
son Macdonald, and granddaughters of Robertson, the
historian, £5O a year each. The sisters of the late
Lieutenant-Colonel Stoddart, £75 a year each ; Madlle.
Augusta Emma d'Este £5OO a year; and Clara Maria
Susanna Lowe, daughter of the late Sir Hudson Lowe,
£5O a year; making in all £1,200 a year.
The Hon. and Rev. Baptist W. Noel has published a
" Letter to the Lord Bishop of Ca-hel," in which he
contends that for the sake of justice, for the sake of public
tranquillity, and for the sake of averting the evil of the
establishment of the Roman Catholic religion in con-
nexion with the state, the Church of Ireland ought to
relinquish its public property, and take up the position of
a voluntary and missionary church. He tells the Irish
Church that if they do not give up their own church
property, they must consent to give proportionate endow-
ments to the Catholic clergy." Mr. Noel's charity to
the papists is prodigious ; it is neither according to
knowledge nor according to the common perceptions of
mankind.

ATMOSPHERICPLOUGHING.--At the agricultural meet-
ing at Shrewsbury, the Times describes an effort at plough-
ing by windmills :—" It was some little time before the
wind would condescend to blow with sufficient violence to
save the credit of the inventor. At last a propitious gust
set the sails of the mills in motion, and the plough was
attached to a rope passing twice from the one mill to the
other through pullies placed at right angles to each, the
line between the pullies being the base of each angle.
Unfortunately it did not happen to be blowing a hurri-
cane at the time, and the expression of " Speed the
plough" was most applicable on the occasion. The im-
plement was driven on so slowly through the soil, that it
actually appeared to pause and hesitate, as if it was con-
sidering whether it ought to go on or not. The feat was
accomplished, but it is scarcely necessary to add that it
presents no possible practical results."
SHIPWRECK OF A DUTCH INDIAMAN.-NINETEEN OF
THE CREW STARVED TO DEATH, AND FOUR DROWNED.
—A most heartrending shipwreck was on Thursday made
known at Lloyd's, by the arrival of the Chance, Capt.
Roxby, from Sydney, having on board a portion of the
crew of a Dutch Indiaman, named the John Hendrick,
which was totally lost on the rocks forming St. Paul's
Island, on the morning of the 29th of May, while on her
voyage from Amsterdam to Batavia. The captain of the
Chance, on the morning of the 3rd of June, was much
surprised by observing, through a glass, a Dutch ensign
flying from a spar on the island ; and on nearing, several
persons were noticed on the rocks evidently in an ex-
hausted state. The captain ordered the pinnace to pro-
ceed to their assistance. About twenty poor creatures
were found lying about exhausted, and in a dying condi-
tion. Of these seven were saved; but the weather pre-
vented the rescuing of the remainder, who, with others
who had previously perished, made twenty-three lives lost
by starvation and drowning.

CRIME.—Mr. Justice Coleridge, in his charge to the
Grand Jury at Hertford, last week, said—lt had been
urged by the advocates for the abolition of capital punish-
ment, that the certainty of severe secondary punishment,
would certainly tend to diminish crimes of that character ;
but he regretted that the returns before him, and his own
experience, did not bear out that expectation, and he was
sorry to say that the crimes for which the capital punish.
ment had been taken away had increased more, in pro-
portion, than any others. The offences of cutting and
wounding, attempts at murder, and the crime of murder
had increased 30 per cent. There appeared to be a very
great increase among the prisoners, 'of persons who were
able to read and write, but this showed that such an
education was not sufficient, and that it was of no avail
unless the persons who received it were taught to employ
it properly, and that it would be of very little use to im-
prove the physical condition of the people, or to give
them education unless that education was founded upon
morality and religion.
EXPORTS OF YARN.—We mentioned in our last that
our exports of cotton yarn during the last six months had
decreased 351,5831 b. The principal sources of the de-
crease are in the exports to India (decrease 3,400,0001 b),
and Russia (2,400,0001 b). On the other hand, the exports
have increased to Holland (1,800,0001 b), Belgium, the
Hanse Towns, Naples, and Sicily (1,200,0001 b); Sardinia,
Tuscany, &c. On the other hand, there has been a vast
increase in the exports of plain calicoes ; viz., from
276,722,671 yards in the first six months of 1844, to
300,038,150, in the corresponding period of this year;
increase, 23.315,479 yards. Of this increase, 20,000,000
yards are due to China, 4,000,000 yards to Chili and
Pent, 7,000,000 to the Cape, 10,000,000 to Colombia, and
2,000,000 each to the foreign West Indies, Malta, and the
lonian Islands, Sardinia, &c., Turkey, and the Levant ;
and 3,600,000 yards to the United States. On the other
hand, there is a decrease of 11,000,000 yards in the ex-
ports to India, and a large decrease in those to Egypt,
India, &c.

EXTRAORDINARY ROBDERY.—The Bev. Mr. Petti-
cary, of Blackheath, was robbed in a singular manner on
Friday last. The rev. gentleman, who is on a visit at
Brighton, had been into the country, and on his return,
about eleven o'clock at night, was walking near the north
entrance to the Pavilion. where is one of the " nclosures."
surrounded by a fence of iron palisades. While walking
on the footway outside these palisades the rev. gentleman
was suddenly seized by two arms, which were passed
through the palisades, and which drew him backwards, so
as to completely pinion him ; and while in this position,
he found his mackintosh raised, and a third hand passed
into his pocket, whence his purse, containing three
sovereigns and some silver, was taken. The whole
operation was over in less time than we have been de-
scribing it ; and the rev. gentleman gave an alarm to the
sentinel at the palace gate, who crossed the road, and
assisted him in searching for the thieves. No trace, how-
ever, could be found of any one; and it is a remarkable
fact that the rev. gentleman heard no voice during the
whole affair.

CAMBRIDGE ELECTION.—The polling took place on
Tuesday. At the close both parties thought they had
been successful, so close had the contest been. The of-
ficial declaration of the poll was as follows: —For Mr.
Kelly, 746 ; for Mr. Adair, 729. About half-past three
o'clock, Mr. Kelly was in a minority of 30, when he had
his luggage packed up, and a carriage ready to convey
him to London or to Windsor. He had given the last
adieu to some of his most influential friends, and was on
the point of starting, when one of his committee-men
came up with the welcome intelligence that the tide,
almost at the very last moment, had turned in his favour.
Some say this was a ruse either to inspirit his adherents
to necessary, and as it then appeared, almost hopeless
exertions, to prevent his defeat ; others, less timid, assert
that the design was to shield himself from charges already
rife, it being currently stated in the town that a petition
will be got up against his return. At the last election
Mr. Kelly polled 713; being 33 votes less than upon the
present occasion, and the exact number of the majority
by which he defeated Mr. Foster. But then the number
of voters on the register was rather more than 200 less
than the present number, 1,942; while Mr. Adair polled
729 votes, being 49 more than were given in favour of the
liberal candidate at that time.
THE ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.—The annual
migration of the Royal Agricultural Society has at length
brought it to Shrewsbury, where the exhibition for the
present year of cattle and implements, and the other pro-
ceedings adopted by the association for the encouragement
of agriculture, and the promotion of emulation among the
rising generation of farmers took place. A number of
prizes in money and medals was awarded ; amongst which
was one of £2 to Mrs. Cartmel, of this town. A silver
medal was awarded to Mr. Benthall for a patent seed
depositor, which is thus described:—lt was invented at
the suggestions of agriculturists who have for many years
practised dibbling. It is put into the hands of children
to use, instead of dropping the corn out of their hands in
the usual way. The evil experienced under the present
system is, the irregularity of the dropping, thereby
wasting seed, and injuring the crop by the profusion of
seed put into the holes. This machine will tend to give
increased employment to the labourers and children, and
save (at least) a bushel of corn on every acre dibbled
under the present system. The weight of the machine
will not exceed 141 b." Mr. Richmond received a silver
medal for an improved machine for washing vegetables,
constructed with a rack and pinion, so that the cylinder
containing the vegetables may be raised out of the water
and emptied into a trow with the greatest ease.
EAST INDIA SHIPPING.—Tbe East India andiChina
Association have published their usual comparative state-
ment of the number of British ships, with their tonnage,
which have entered inwards and cleared outwards from
and to places within the limits of the East India Com-
pany's charter, from the Ist to the 30th of June, in the
years 1844 to 1845. The entered inwards return shows
an increase in the number of arrivals at the port of Lon-
don during 1845 of 68 vessels with 31,031 tonnage, the
numbers respectively being 280 vessels with 116,632 ton-
nage, and 348 vessels with 147,663 tonnage. The port of
Liverpool shows an increase of 33 vessels, with 10,386
tonnage, the numbers in that case being 87 vessels with
37,031 tonnage in 1844, and 120 vessels with 47,417 ton-
nage in 1845. The minor ports of Bristol, Hull, Clyde,
&c., show an increase of 19 vessels and 5,767 tonnage,
so that the great increase in favour of 1845, as compared
with 1844, is 82 vessels with 35,650 tonnage. The chief
increase appears to be in arrivals from Calcutta, !Madras,
China, and the Mauritius. From Calcutta as many as
40 additional vessels have arrived during that period, and
from the Mauritius as many as 20. The clearances out-
wards show less favourable results. Instead of an in-
crease there is a large decrease in the general return,
London being the only port that forms the exception, and
then to no greater extent than 10 vessels with 11,757 ton-
nage, the departures for 1845 being 240 vessels with
104,216 tonnage, against 230 vessels with 92,459 tonnage.
Liverpool shows a decrease of 59 vessels and 18,175 ton-
nage, the return for 1845 being 145 vessels with 57,586
tonnage, and for 1844 204 vessels with 75,761 tonnage.
The decrease in the clearances from the ports of Bristol
and Hull amounted to 16 vessels with 3786 tonnage; and
from the Clyde and other places two ships with a small
increase of tonnage. The total decrease is 70 vessels with
7,685 tonnage. The chief decrease appears to arise from
the unprofitable state of trade in the East, there being a
decrease of clearances to Bombay to the extent of 21 ves-
sels, and to the Cape of Good Hope of 79 vessels. On
the other hand, an increase of 13 vessels to Arabia and 9
to New South Wales is noticeable as indicating improve-
ment in other quarters.

NIGHT SCENES IN WALES.—The inhabitants of the
white mountain village of K—, in Cardiganshire, were
all retired to rest, it being ten o'clock. No—a single
light twinkled from under eaves of thick and mossy thatch,
in one cottage apart, and neater than the rest, that skirted
the steep sir- et, (as the salmon fishers, the chief inhabi-
tants, were pleased to call it), being, indeed, the rock,
thinly covered with the soil, and fringed with long grass,
but rudely smoothed, where very rugged, by art, for th,t
transit of Bamboo (cart with small wheels of entire wood)
or sledge. The moonlight slept in unbroken lustre on the
houses of one story, or without any but what the roof
slope formed, and several appearances marked it as a
fisher village. A black,' oval, pitched basket. as it ap-
peared, hung against the wall of several of the cottages,
being the coracle, or boat for one person, much used on
the larger Welsh rivers, very primitive in form and con-
struction, being precisely described by Caesar in his ac-
count of the ancient Britons. Dried salmon and other
fish also adorned others, pleasingly hinting ,f the general
honesty and mutual confidence of the humble natives,
poor as they were, for strangers were never thought of ;
the road, such as it was, merely mounting up to " the hill "
(the lofty desert of sheepwalk) on one hand, and descend-
ing steeply to the river Tivy on the other. A deadened
thunder, rising from some fall and brawling shallow
" rapid " of the river, was the only sound, except the
hooting of an owl from some old ivied building, a ruin
aparently, visible on the olive-hued precipice behind.
The russet mass of mountain, bulging, as it were, over
the little range of cots, gave an air of security to their
picturesque white beauty ; while silver clouds curled and
rolled in masses, grandly veiling their higher peaks, and
sometimes canopied the roofs, many reddened with wall-
flower; the walls also exhibiting streaks of green, where
rains had drenched the vegetating thatch and washed
down its tint of yellow green. Aged trees, green even to
the trunks, luxuriant ivy enveloping them as well as the
branches, stretched their huge arms down toe declivity
leading to the Tivy, the flashing of whose waters,
through its rich fringe of underwood, caught the eye of
any one standing on the ridge above. A solitary figure,
tall and muffled, did stand with his back in contact with
one of these oaks, so as to be hardly distinguishable from
the trunk.—Blackwood.

AN USEFUL HINT TO SPECULATIVE GEOLOGISTS.
God having made all things, and that at otice in full ma-
turity or perfection, in order that the several properties
or instincts with which each was endowed might come si-
multaneously into operation (which we must assume, be-
cause these properties and instincts form the conditions
upon which the subsistence of all things depend)—we have
no scale or measure in the things themselves, from whence
to calculate the time when they first came into existence.
If the earth wes created with bill and dale. mountains and
plains, rivers, and seas—as it must have been, that streams
might flow to water the earth, and plants might have their
appropriate soils and climates--then these hills and this
variety of soil afford no criteria for judging of time. And
if trees were created of full size, to cover the earth and
yield to animals their food, it follows that the size of trees
affords no criterion for determining the time when trees
began to grow ; for on the morrow after its creation the
oak of yesterday would present the appearance of those
oaks which may have required, in the course of nature,
the growth of a thousand years. And if animals were
created full grown, and in numbers proportioned to the
plants severally assigned to them for food, then neither
the size nor the number of these are any index of the time
when animals were first called into existence by the Crea-
tor. Moreover, respecting the classification of plants and
animals, which is remarked in those strata of the earth
which contain organic remains, we should remember that
such a creation as we are speaking of ensures a sort of
classification, by the congregating of numbers of the same
species into those localities where only the plants destined
for tbeir food will grow. The mountain air and its cli-
mate, which certain plants require for their existence, are
also congenial to the habits and feelings of the animals
which feed upon the products of the mountain ; and so of
the plain or the morass—they are agreeable to the consti-
tution of those species that inhabit them. And even in
the depths of the sea we have no doubt that there is a
classification, and that fishes of different tribes prefer liv-
ing at different depths, induced by natural conformation
and attracted by the food which they prefer being there to
be found. In such considerations as these we have no
doubt that sufficient materials will be found for checking
the over-confident speculations of modern geol.,gy, touch-
ing the structure and quantity of their stratified deposits,
and the number or classification of organic remains, with
the true relation which they bear to the first constitution
of the earth, and the nature of the convulsions or changes
which have since taken place.—Church of England
Quarterly.

ANECDOTE OF THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA.—One cold
bitter winter's night, a sledge, containing two travellers,
drove up to one of the gates of the Kremlin, which the
taller of the two, in a voice of authority, desired to be
immediately opened. To this demand a very short but
expressive negative monosyllable was returned—sentries
being, of all animals in the world, the most averse to any
description of correspondence, whether colloquial or
epistolary. The two strangers began to manifest symp-
toms of evident impatience at a rejdnder, to them, at least
of so unsatisfactory a nature; and the one who had pre-
viously spoken, again hailed the imperterable grenadier,
and proclaiming himself a general officer, desired him to
comply with his mandate. "If you are, as you declare
yourself, a general, you ought to be aware of the first
duty of a soldier,—obedience to his orders," was the firm
and determined reply, as the soldier resumed the measured
tread of his march, which the above dialogue had mo-
mentarily interrupted. This was a poser; so, finding
further argument unavailing, the travellers at last begged
the sentry would exert his voice, and call up the officer of
the guard. To this the man made no objection ; and,
after a tolerable expenditure of shouting and bawling. thp
guard-room being some twenty yards distant, a sleepy
non-commissioned officer emerged from the building, and,
learning the rank and wishes of the strangers, begged
them at once to walk into the apartment of the command-
ing officer, till measures could be taken for a compliance
with their desires. At the first sound of the taller
stranger's voice, the young subaltern, bounding like a shot
from the couch on which he reclined, stood in an attitude
of subdued and respectful attention before him, requesting
to know his pleasure. The traveller smiled, and merely
desired him to relieve and bring into his presence the
sentry at the gate. This was quickly done, and the man
entered the room at the very moment the stranger cast
aside the large travelling-cloak which encircled him.
There was no mistaking that noble, that majestic figure,
that broad, commanding, and magnificent brow, on which
a momentary expression of impatience had given way to
one of humour and benevolence. Erect as a poplar, the
soldier stood before his sovereign, in a desperate quan-
dary at thus discovering who was the person he had so
cavalierly repulsed, and yet with a something like con-
sciousness that in doing so he had only strictly acted
up to his duty ! He had no time, however, for fear, as
the Emperor, calling upon him to advance, commended
his conduct in the warmest terms, ordered the sum of a
hundred silver rubles (about £4O) to be paid him, and
with his own hand wrote a letter to his commanding
officer, desiring his immediate promotion to the rank of
serjeant, a requisition which, of course, it is almost need-
less to observe, was promptly complied with. To account
for the Emperor's apparently singular and unexpected
arrival on the night in question, it may be mentioned,
such is his indefatigable activity, that in the event of there
existing a possibility of any important business on hand
being accelerated by his presence, he has been repeatedly
known, as on the present occasion, to throw himself into
a sledge, or eateche, accompanied alone by a confidential
member of his household ; the first intimation of his doing
so taring his arrival at the city or seat of government in
question itself.—Cameron's Adventures in Rus,ia. •

THE CUT OF A GOWN.—The main divisions of a lady's
gown —every milliner understands what we mean—are the
corsage or body, and the jupe or skirt. And, first of all,
of the skirt ; if its form is to be loose and flowing, it
should be made to derive its beauty from the curves, and
breaks, and folds which drapery, partly suspended, partly
at rest on the ground, will afford. Hence short gowns
are not so graceful as long ones ; they are beautiful, at any
time, it is true, and when the wearer is seated, produce
somewhat of the effect alluded to ; but for a woman to be
dressed with all the combined influences of grace and dig-
nity, she must allow her dress to trail partially around
her. Think upon the short garments of many classes of
the peasantry, and think of the train of a lady when
dressed for court—we speak of their form, not of their
substance—it will easily be seen how much dignity is con-
ferred by length. The utility of long skirts is not so easy
to be proved as their beauty; but this is only on the score
of the difficulty in keeping them clean ; as for warmth and
comfort, the advantage is quite on their side. Our fair
contemporaries, however, seem to have arrived at a
reasonable and happy medium on thlt point : they never
wore better-formed skirts than at the present day. A
gown, if properly made, and without any ttiothii; of a Lux,
and if that stuff have anything like substance, needs no
adventitious aids to give it sufficient amplitude of cantour ;
let our gentle readers take the hint ; they will otherwise
militate against one of the main laws of good taste. Let
them only look at the portraits of their ancestors in the
middle of the last century but one—let them look at Hol-
lar's prints, and, if they are open to conviction, they will
agree in what we say. If the skirt is to be ample, it
should be c mfined to the natural shape of the human
frame ; and the more nearly it is so, the more graceful and
effective will it become. Do what we will, distort the
sleeves and waist as much as we may, we sh,ll never come
up to the symmetry of Dame Nature ; she is a better
milliner than any in Regent-street ; and if the ladies
would have their corsages made after her pattern in all
cases, they would find their clothes fitting better, pinching
less, and keeping them much warmer. Vklornen assert—
and we are not competent to dispute the point with them
—that they need an enveloping support for the body ; in
fact, they must have corsets; be it so; there is no harm
in the articli itself, provided the futility of it can be proved ;
but there is much harm in it, if, by an abuse of its powers,
this same thing is made to distort the body, and to injure
the internal organisation of the human frame. As far as
beauty of form is concerned, whatever intrenches on the
proportion of natural shape is intrinsically contradictory
to it : let no woman imagine she has a fine figure, if she
can lace herself into a diameter of nine or ten inches ; for
by so doing, she disturbs the harmony of all the curves,
all the lines of beauty, as Hogarth calls them, with which
she has been so richly endowed ; she fails of her effect,
and, instead of beauty, produces only absurdity. Still
the corsage of her dress should fit close ; and for this to
be possible, there must be a well-fitting corset beneath ;
but it need not pinch or squeeze the least in the world ;
let it fit close; that is enough. It is no doubt uncom-
monly convenient for a lusty alderman's wife of forty to
reduce herself to the proportions of " fair seventeen ; "
but she ought to be able to reduce the whole frame in the
same ratio ; otherwise to pull in at the waist till the idea
of suffocation is painfully evident to the most careless be-
holder, and yet to leave the bust with the symmetry of
Minerva Victrix is a gross and palpable absurdity.—
Blackwood.