The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1835-02-10 00:00:00

LITERATURE.

We have received a copy of Baines's History of Ike
Cotton Manufacture, a massive volume, which it will
take a week to read with any attention. Not having ac-
complished this, we cannot, of course, pronounce any
opinion on the merits of the work; we have no doubt,
however, but that it contains much valuable information
on a subject very little understood by the world, beyond
the factories and the potteries. At. any rate, a compre-
hensive history of the cotton manufacture was a desider-
atum which we hope the author has supplied; and if he
has done justice to his subject, which we are bound to
believe until we can ascertain the contrary by our own
researches, he has confet red a lasting obligation on man-
kind. In the meantime, we borrow a few extracts ta-
ken at random.

ESTIMATED YEARLT VALUE OF THE BRITISH COTTON
MANUFACTURE.

WAGES OP
237,000 Operatives engaged in spinning and power-
loom weaving........... • 6,044,000
250,000 hand-loom weavers, at 7s. per week each 4,375,000
45,000 Calico printers, at 10s. per week each 1,170,000
159,300 Lace-workers (including 100,000. employed
in embroidering, and-30,000 in mending,
pearlin", drawing, and finishing) 1,000,000
.33,000 Makers of cotton hosiery 5J5,000

Bleachers, dyers, calenderers, fustian cut-
ters, machine-makers, makers of steam-
engines, cards, rollers, spindles, shuttles,
looms, and reeds: smiths, joiners, build-
ers, (of all classes,) millwrights, carriers,
warehousemen, &c. &c. &c. say 4,000,000
Raw material (spun in 183.3) 282.675,2001b5. at 7d•
per lb.
Profits of capital, sums paid Cor materials of machin-
ery, coals, tlour fur dressing, and other
• outgoings

8,244,693

Total £31,338,693

EXTENT AND VALVE OF THE BRITISH COTTON MANUFAC-

TeIIII IN 1833,

Cott3tt wool imported
cousumed in the manufacture, lbs.
Yarn spun (deducting l oz. per lb. for loss,) lbs.
Number of hanks spun (averaging 40 to the
lb.) hanks 10,246,976,000
Length of yarn spun (810 yards to the •
hank)
Value of the cotton wool consumed, at 7d. per lb. £ 8,2-14,693
Value of the cotton exports—goods £13,754,992
yam.. 4 701.008

303,656,837
28.2,675.20 U
2.56,174,40()

18,459,000
Value of cotton manufactures c,,rl-?.. 12 879,693
sutned at home )

Total value of the manufacture £31,338,693
Capital employed in thi manufacture 31,000,000
Quantity of cotton goods exported (in 1832)—
White or plain cottons , yards' 59,493,006
Printed or dyed cottons 201,5j2,407

yds 461,015,503
Number of persons supported by the manufacture, 1,500,000
Number of operatives ►n the spinn►ng and weaving
factories
In Suotland 32,000
In Ireland 5,000

237,000
Wages earned by the factory operatives
Power moving the actories—Stewu..3,o4.Xl horses

Water-11;000

horse power 44,000
Number of spindles
Number of power-looms 100,000
Number of hand-loom weavers
Wages earned by do
It may assist to form a conception of the immense extent of
the British cotton manufacture when it is stated, that the yarn
spun in this country in a year would, in a single thread, pass
round the globe's circumference 203,775 times; it would reach
51timesfrom the earth to the sun • and it would encircle the
earth's orbit eight and a half tnnes!
The wrought fabrics of cotton exported in. one year would
form a girdle for the globe, passing eleven times round the
equator!
This manufacture furnishes nearly one-half of the exports of
British produce and manufactures: it supports more than one-
eleventh part of the population of Great Britain; and it .sup-
plies almost every nation of the world with some portion of its
clothing.
None of the kingdoms of Hanover, Wirtemherg, or Saxony,
has a population exceeding that engaged in the manufacture of
cotton in this island.

The receipts of our manufacturers and merchants for this one
production of the national industry are equal to two-thirds of
the whole public revenue of the kingdom. To complete the
wonder—this manufacture is the creation of the genius of a few
humble mechanics; it, has sprung up (ruin insignificance to its
present magnitude within little more than half a century; and
it is still advancing with a rapidity of increase that defies all cal-
culation of what it shall be in future ages.

PASSAGE IN THE LIFE OF Allt. WATKINS TOTTLE.

(Front the Monthly Magazine.)
" The first coach has not come in yet, has it Torn ?" inquired
Mr. Gabriel Parsons, as he very complacently paced up and
down the fourteen feet of gravel-which bordered the "lawn," on
the Saturday morning which had been fixed upon for the Beulah
Spa jaunt.
" No, sir ; I haven't seen it," replied a gardener in a blue
apron, who let himself out to do the ornamental for half-a-crown
a-day and his "keep."
" Time Tottle was down," said Mr. Gabriel Parsons, rumi-
nating—" Oh, here he is, no doubt," added Gabriel, as a cab
drove rapidly up the hill ; and he buttoned his dressing-gown,
and opened the gate to receive the expected visitor. The cab
stopped, and out jumped a man in a coarse Petersham great
coat, whitey-brown neckerchief, faded black suit, gamboge-
coloured top-boots, and one of those large crowned hats, ins--
molly seldom met with, but now very generally patronised by
gentlemen and costermongers.
" Mr. Parsons ?" said the man, looking at the superscription
of a note he held in his hand, and addressing Gabriel with au
inquiring air.
My name is Parsons," responded the sugar-baker.
" I've brought this here note," replied the individual in the
painted tops, in a hoarse whisper, " I've brought this here note
from a genlin'n as come to our house this mornin'."
" I expected the gentleman at Inv house," said Parsons, as he
broke the seal, which bore the impression of his Majesty's pro-
file, as it is seen on a sixpence.
" I've 110 doubt the gen'ltren would ha' been here," replied
the stranger, .* if he hadn't happened to call at our house first;
but we nev•n- trusts no gen'ineo furrier nor we can sec him—no
mistake about that there"—atided the unknown, with a facetious
grin; "beg ye pardon, sir, no of meant, only—once in,
and I wish you may—catch the idea, sir ?"
Mr. Gabriel Parsons was not remarkable .for catching any-
thing suddenly, but a cold. lie therefore only bestowed a
glance of, profound astonishment on his mysterious companion,
and proceeded to unfold the note of which he bad been the
bearer. Once opened, and the idea was caught with very little
difficulty. Mr. Watkins Tuttle had been suddenly arrested for
£3.3 los. 41., and dated his communication from a iuck-up house
in the vicinity of Chancery-lane.
" Unfortunate affair this !" said Parsons, refolding the note.
" Nothin' ven you're used to it," coolly observed the man in
the Petersham.

Tons !" exclaimed Parsons, after a few minutes' considera-
tion, " just put the horse in, will you ?--fell the gentleman
that I shall be there almost as soon as you:are," he continued,
addressing the sheriff's officer's Mercury.
" Werry well, sir," replied that important functionary; add-
ing in a confidential manner, "I'd adwise the gen'lm'n's friends
to settle. You see it's a mere trifle; and, unless the gen'lin'n
means to go up afore the court, it's hardly worth while waiting
for detainers, you know. Our governor's wide awake, he is; Pa
never say agiu him; nor-no man ;"but he knows what's
o'clock, he does, uncommon." Having delivered this eloquent,
and, to Parsons, particularly intelligible harangue, the meaning
of which was eked out by divers nods and winks, the geotleinau
in the boots reseated hirnself in the cab, which went rapidly off,
and was soon out of sight. Mr. Gabriel Parsons continued to
pace up and down the pathway for some minutes, apparently
absorbed in deep meditation. The result of his cogitations ap-
peared to be perfectly satisfactory to himself, for he rail briskly
into the house; said that business had suddenly summoned him
to town; that he had desired his messenger. to inform Mr.
Watkins Tottle of the fact ; and that they would return together
to dinner. He then hastily equipped himself for a drive, and
mounting his gig was aeon on his way to the establishment of
Mr. Solomorr Jacobs, situate (as Mr. Watkins Tuttle had in-
formed him) in Cursitor-street, Chaueery-lane.
When a man is in a violent hurry to get on, and has a spe-
cific object-in view, the attainment of which depends on the
completion of his journey, the diffieulties which interpose them-
selves in his way appear not only to be innumerable, but to have
been called into existence especially for the occasion. The re-
mark is by no means a new one, and Mr. Gabriel Parsons had
practical and painful experience of its justice in the course of
his drive. There are three classics of animated objects which
prevent your driving with any degree of comfort or celerity
through streets which are but little frequented—they arc pigs,
children, and old women. On the (secession We are describing, '
the pigs were luxuriating on cabbage-stalks, and the shuttle-
cocks fluttered from the little deal battledores, and the children
played in the road; and women, with a basket in one hand and
the street-door key iu the other,' irould cross just before the
horse's head,. until Mr. Gabriel Parsons was perfectly savage
with vexation, and quite hoarse with hoi-ing and imprecating.
Then, when he got into Fleet-street, there was " a stoppage,"
in which people its vehicles have the satisfaction of remaining
stationary for half an hour, and envying the slowest pedestrians;
and where policemen rush about, and seize hold of horses bri-
dles, awl haek them into shop windows, by way of clearing the
road and preventing confesion. At length Mr. Grab; iet Parsons
turned into Chancery-lane, and having inquired fur, and been
directed to, Cursitor-street (for it was a locality of which he
was quite ignorant,) he soon found himself opposite the house of
Mr. Solomon -Jacobs. Confiding his horse and gig to the care
of owe of the fourteen buys who. had followed him from the other
side of Blackfriars-bridge on the chance of his requiting their
services, Mr. Gabriel Parsons crossed the road, and knocked at
en inner door, the upper part of which was glass, grated like
the windows of this inviting mansion with iron bars, paiuted
white, to look comfortable.
The knock was answered by a sallow-faced, red-haired, sulky
boy, who, after surveying Mr. Gibriel Parsons through the
glass, applied a large key to an immense wooden exeresence,
which was in reality a luck, but which, taken in conjunction
with the iron nails with which the panels were studded, gave the
door the appearance of being subject to warts.
" I want to see Mr. Watkins Tottl6," said Parsons.
" It's the gentleman that came in this morning, Jem,"
screamed a voice from the top of the kitchen-stairs, which be-
longed to a dirty woman who had just brought her. t hin to a
level with the passage-floor. " The gentleman's in the ccffee-
room."

stairs, sir," said the boy, just opening the door wide
enough to let 'Parsons in without &queuing him, and double.
locking it the moment
.he had made his way through the aper-
ture—"• First. floor.•-.-door on the right."

Gabriel Parsons thus instructed, ascended the unearpeted
and staircase, and after giving several subdued taps
at the before-mentioned " door on the right," which were /To-
ttered inaudible by the hum of voices within the room, and the
hissing 'attendant on some frying operations which were
carrying on below stairs, turned the handle, and entered the
apartment. Being informed that the unfoitunate object of his
visit had just gone up stairs to write a letter, he had leisure to
sit down and observe the scone before him._

. .
The roam—which wds a email, confined dcn—wax pertitirined
off into boxes, like the common room of an inferior eating-

house. The dirty floor had evidently been as long a stranger
to the scrubbing--brush as to carpet or-fl-cloth ; and the ceil-
ing Was completely blackened by the flare of the oil-lamp by
which the room was lighted at night. The grey ashes on the
edges of the tables, and the cigar ends which were plentifully
scattered about the dusty grate, fully accounted for th 3 intolera-
ble smell of tobacco which pervaded the place; and the empty
glasses, and half-saturated slices of lemon on the tables, together
with the porter pots beneath them, bore testimony to the fre-
quent libations in which the individuals who honoured Mr.
Solomon Jacobs by a temporary residence in his house indulged.
Over the mantel-shelf was a paltry looking-glass, extending
about half the width of the chimney-piece; but, by way of a
counterpoise, the ashes were confined by a rusty fender, about
twice as long as the hearth.
From this cheerful room itself the attention of Mr. Gabriel
Parsons was naturally directed to its inmates. In one of the
boxes two men were playing at cribbage with a very dirty pack
of cards, some with blue, some with green, and sonic with red
backs—selectionsfrom decayed packs. The cribbage-board had
beets long ago formed orr the table by some ingenious visitor,
with the assistance of a pocket knife and a two-pronged fork,
with which the necessary number of holes had been made io
the table at the proper distances for the reception of the-wooden
pegs. In another box a stout, hearty-looking man, of about
forty, was eating some dinner, which his wife—an (vaulty
com-
fortable-looking personage—had brought him in a basket; and
in a third, a genteel-looking young man was talking earnestly
and in a low tone• to a young female, whose face was concealed
by a thick veil, but whom Mr. Gabriel Parsons immediately set
down in his own mind as the debtor's wife. A Young fellow of
vulgar manners, dressed in the very extremity of the prevai dim
fashion, was pacing up and down the room, with .a lighted cigar
in his mouth, and his hands in his pockets, ever and anon
puffing forth volumes of smoke, and occasionally applying with
much apparent relish to a pint pot, the cuutents of which were
" chilling" on the hob.
" Fourpence more, by G—d !" exclaimed one of the cribbage-
players, lighting a pipe, and addressing his adversary at the.
close of the game ; " one 'ud think you'd got luck in a pepper-
cruet, and shook it out when you wanted it."
" Well, that a'n't a bad 'un," replied the other, who was a
horse-dealer from Islington.
" No; I'm blessed if it is," interposed the jolly-lboking fel-
low, who, having finished his dinner, was drinking out of the
same glass as his wife. iu truly conjugal harmony, some hot
Till-
and-water. The faithful partner of his cares had brought a
plentiful supply of the anti-temperance fluid in a large fiat stone
bottle, whites looked like a half-gallon jar that had been success-
fully tapped for the dropsy.. "You're a rum chap you are, Mr.
Walker—will you dip your beak into this, sir?"
" Thank'ee, sir," replied Mr. Walker, leaving his box, and
advancing to the other to accept the proffered glass. " Here's
your health, sir, and your good 'ootnan's here. Gentlemen all
—your's, and better hick still. Well, Mr. Willis," continued
the facetious prisoner, addressing the young man with the cigar,
" you seem rather down to-day—floored, as one may say.—
What's the matter, sir ? Never say die, you know."
"Oh ! I'm all right," rep!icd the smoker. " I shall be bailed
out to-morrow."

" Shall you though ?" inquired the other. " Damme, I wish
I could say the same. I am as regularly over head and ears as
the Royal George; and stand about as much chance of being
Galled out. Ila ! ha! ha!"

" Why," said the young man, stopping short, and speaking
in a very loud key, 4.‘1..e,0k at me. What d'ye ye think I've
stopped here two days for ?"
‘• 'Cause you couldn't get out, I suppose," interrupted Mr.
Walker, winking to the company. " Not that You're exactly
obliged to stop here, Only yon can't help it. Nro compulsion,
you know, only you must—eh ?"
" A'n't he a rum 'tt ?"inquired the delighted individual, who
had offered the gin-and-;cater, of his wife.

" Oh, he just is!" replied the lady, who was quite overcome
by these flashes of imagination.
" Why, my case," frowned the victim, throwine the end of
his cigar into the tire, and illustrating his argutnent by knocking
the bottom of the pot on the table, at intervals—" my case is a
very singular one : my father's a man of large property, and I
am his son." •

" That's a very strange circumstance," interrupted the jocose
Mr. Walker, en pasxant.
"—I am his son, and' have received a liberal education. I
don't owe no man nothing—not the value of a farthing, but I
was induced, you see, to put my name to some bills for a friend
—hills to a large amount. I may say a very large amount, for
which I didn't receive no consideration. What's the conse-
quence ?"
" Why, I suppose the bills went out, and you came in. The
acceptances weren't taken up, and you were, eh ?" inquired
Walker.

" Ta be sure," replied the liberally-educated young gentle-
man. "To be sure ; and so here' I am, locked up for a matter
of twelve hundred pound."
" Why don't you ask your old governor to stump up ?" in-
quired Walker, with a somewhat sceptical air.
" Oh ! bless you, he'd never do it," replied the other, in a
tone of expostulation—" Never !"
" Well, it is very odd to—be—sure," interposed the owner of
the flat bottle, mixing another glass, '' but I've been in difficul-
ties, as AMC may sav, now for thirty year.' I went to pieces when
I was in a milk walk, thirty year ago; arterwards, when I was
fruiterer, and kept a spring wan ; and airier that again in the
coat and 'tatur line—but all that time, I never see a youngish
chap come into a place of this kind, who wasn't going out again
directly, and who hadn't been arrested on bins which he'd given
a friend, and for which he'd received nothing whatsomever—not
a fraction "

"Oh ! it's always the cry," said Walker. " I can't see the
use on it; that's what makes me so wild. Why, I should have
a much better opinion of an individual, if he'd say at once, in
an honourable and gentlemanly manner, as he'd done every
body he possibly could."
" Ay, to be sure," interposed the horse•dealer, with whose
notions of bargain and sale the axiom perfectly coincided, " so
should I,"

The young gentleman, who had given rise to these observa-
tions, was on the point of offering a rather angry reply to these
sneers, but the rising of the young man before noticed, and of
the female who had been sitting by him, to leave the room,
interrupted the conversation. She had been weeping bitterly,
and the noxious atmoephereof the room acting upon her excited
feelings and delicate frame, rendered the support of her com-
panion necessary as they quitted together.
There was an air of superiority about them both, and some-
thing in their appearance so unusual in such a place, that a
respectful silence was observed until the whirr—r—bang of the
spring door announced that they were out of hearing. It was
broken by the wife of the ex-fruiterer.
"Poor creetur !" said she, quenching a sigh in a rivulet of
gin and water. " She's very young."
" She's a nice-looking 'ooman, too," added the horse-dealer.
" What's he in fur, 'key?" inquired Walker, of an individual
who was spreading a cloth, with numerous blotches of mustard
upon it, on one of the tables, and whom Mr. Gabriel Parsons
had nu difficulty in recognizing as the man who had called upon
him in the morning.
" Vy," responded the factotum, "it's one of the rummest rigs
you ever heard 011. lie come in here last Veusday. which, by
the o ye, he's a going over the water to night—hows'ever that's
neither here nor there. You see I've been going hack'ards
and fer'ards about his husiuess, and ha' managed to pick up
some of his story from the servants and them; and so far as I
can make it out, it apdears to be summat to this here effect--"
" Cut it short, old fellow," interrupted Walker, who knew
from farmer experience that he of the top-boots was neither very
concise nor intelligible in his narrative.
" Let me -alone," replied Iker, " and I'll ha' vonnd up, and
made my lucky in five seconds. This here young gen'lm's
father—so I'm told, mind ye—and the fattier o' the young vo-
man, have always been on very bad, out-and-out, rig'lar knock-
me-down sort o' terms; but somehow or another when he was a
wisitin' at seine gentlefolk's house, as he know'd at college, he
come into contact with the young lady. He send her several
times ; and then he up and said he'd keep company with her, if
so be as she cos agreeable. Yell she vos as sweet upon him as
he vos upon her, and so I s'pose they made it all right : fOr they
got married 'bout six months arteruards, unbeknown mind ye
to the two fathers—leastways so I'm told. When they heard on.
it—my eyes there was sitch a combustion ! Starvation vos the
very least that vos to be done to 'em. The young gen'lm'u's
father cut him off vitt, a bob 'cos he'd cut himself off vith a
wife ; and the young lady's father he behaved even wnrser and
more unnarral, for he not only blow'd her up dreadful, and
swore he'd never see her again, but he employed a chap as 1
knows—and as you knOws, Mr. Valker, a precious sight too
well—to go about and buy up the bills and them things, on
which the young husband, thinking his governor 'ud come round
agin, had raised the wind just to blow himself on vith for a time;
besides vich, he made all the interest he could to set other peo-
ple agin him. Consequence vos, that he paid as long as he
could ; but things he never expected to have to meet till he'd
had time to turn himself round, come fast upon him, and he vos
nabbed. Ile vos brought here, as I said before, last Vensday,
and I think there's about—ah half-a-dozen detainers agin him
down stairs now. I have been," added I key, "in the profession
these fifteen year, and I never met vith such vindictiveness
afore !"

" Poor creeturs !" exclaimed the coal-dealer's wife once more,
again resorting to the same excellent prescription for nipping
a sigh in the bud; " Ah ! when they've seen as much trouble
as 1 and toy old man here, they'll be as comfortable under it as
we are."

"The young lady's a pretty creature," said Walker, " only
she's a little too delicate for my taste—these an't enough of her.
As to the young cove, he may be very respectable and what
not, but he's too down in the mouth for me—he mil game."
" Game!" exclaimed lkev, who had been altering the position
of a green-handledlnife and fork at least a dozen times in order
that he might remain in the room, under the pretext of having
something to do. '•lie's game enough yen there's anything to
he fierce about; but who could be game as you call it. 111 r.
Walker, with a pale young erector like that hanging about bin, ?
It's enough to drive any man's heart into his boots to see 'em
together—and no mistake at all about it. I never shall forget
her first einnin' here; he wrote to her on the Thursday to come •
—I know he did 'cos I took the letter. Uncommon lidgetty he
was all day to be sure, and in the evening he goes down into the
.office, and he says to Jacobs, says he, 'Sir, can I have the loan
of a private room for a few minutes this eveuiug: without in-
curring any additional expense—just to see my wife iu ?' says
he. Jacobs looked as much to say—' Strike me bountiful if you
an't one of the modest sort;' but as the geu'lm'n who had been
in the back parlour had just gone out, and had paid for it for
that day, he says—werry grave—' Sir,' says he, it's agin our
rules to let private rooms to our lodgers ou gratis terms, but,'
says he, ' for a gentleman, I don't niiud breaking through them
for once.' So then he turns round to me and says, ' lkey, put
two mould candles in the back parlour, and charge 'cat to this
gen'lm'n's account,' which I did. Veil, by-and-by a hackney-
coach conies up to the door, and there, sure enough, was the
young lady wrapped up in a hoperacloak, as it might be, and
all alone.. I opened the gate that night, so I went up when the
coach came, anti he vos a watin' at the parlour-door—wasu'l he
a trembling neither ? The poor creetur see him, and could
hardly wa,ic to meet him. Oh Harry she says, 'that •it
should have come to this ! and all for my sake,' says she, putting
her hand upon his shoulder. So he puts his area round her
pretty little waist, and leading her gently a little way into the
room, so that be might be able to shut the door, he says, so kind
and soft like—' Why Kate,' sass he ."
" Here's the gentleman ymi want, sir," said Ikey, abruptly
breaking off in Ins story, and introducing Mr. Gabriel Parsons
to the crest-fallen Watkins Tottle, who at that moment entered
the room. 'Watkins advanced with a wooden expression of
passive endurance, and accepted the hand which Mr. Gabriel
Parsons held out.