The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-07-11 00:00:00

FALLING OFF IN oUR EXPORTS.—The official report of
the imports and exports to the sth of June, 1848, a period
of five months, compared with last year to a similar pe-
riod, .puts us in pDssession of the following results as re-
gards our principal exports, particularly bearing upon the
manufacturing districts

EXPORTS TO JUNE 5,
1848.
Cotton manufactures £6,895,933
1,836,467
WO'oller mrnanufactures
250,816
Linen manufacturesa'
193,775
Silk gialrufactures
Hardwares and cutlery 773,617

1847.
.e 7,726,107
• . 2,094,655
-• 2,767,719
342,849
• • 1,229,310
266,326
• . 404,502
• • 921,595

..13,365,531 .t. 15,753,073
It will be observed by this return, that the decrease of
exports, compared with last year, upon cottons. woollens,
linens, silks, and hardwares, alone, is nearly £2,400,000.
TEE EARLY RISERS.—The Gateshead Observer says--
" The sun could not withhold his countenance on Tuesday
morning from the inauguration of the Newcastle Early
Rising Club. The Rev. D. C. Browning was chosen to
preside; and when he and Mr. R. P. Bell had said a few
words,. Mr. T. P. Barkas spoke at greater length. He
recited the honourable roll of early risers, ancient and
modern—Homer, Horace, and Virgil, Sir Thomas More,
Linnnus, and Buffon, Franklin, Priestley, and Milton,
with a host of others. He enlarged upon the advantages,
moral and intellectual, of the practice ; and was heard
with much interest by an audience of about two hundred
persons. Mr. Macarty followed. There was then a
"shinty;" and when the early risers had disported them-
selves to their hearts' content, they severally repaired to
breakfast, with an amazing appetite. The meeting is to
be continued every favourable morning, at six o'clock, on
the Town-moor. A lecture will be delivered by a mem-
ber each morning, and then will follow cricket, trippet,
quoits, and foot-ball. The Town-moor could not be put
to better use."

EMIGRATION.—AITSTRALIA AND AMERICA.—Every
one that has perused the statistics of English trade and
commerce during the last 70 years, knows how much the
increase of population in the United States of America
has—despite of hostile tariffs and national antipathies—
reacted on the springs of industry and the employment of
capital in England. If the United States—a separated
and sometimes a hostile nation—has stimulated British
industry so much, what may be expected hereafter from
a-continent far vaster than the American Republic, com-
manding four seas with ample fisheries, and peopled by
race British not only in blood and language, but in sen-
timent, sympathy, and loyalty ? At this moment Austra-
lasia, with a population of 280,000 souls, is consuming
more British manufactures, and remunerating more
British hands, than the whole of British North America,
with its 2,000,000 inhabitants did in the year 1774 !
What, then, may not be hoped from the same Australasia
when the numbers of its people have been multiplied by
ten, its communications with England promoted by steam
andits pride or loyalty not affronted by the insolence or
ignorance of domestic tapists ?
A NONOGENARIAN.—An old man, commonly known
by the name of " Old Tom Taylor," who, on the 21st ult.
would have attained his 99th year, died last week at
Brampton. Formerly, he was the driver of his own
waggon and six horses, with which, for many years, he
conveyed goods from Chesterfield to Sheffield, and,
also, to Buckland Hollow. Latterly he kept a horse
and cart, and earned a livelihood by selling earthen-
ware. Up to the time of his decease, he enjoyed
.un-
interrupted good health ; though he did not escape serious
bodily injuries. Between nine and ten years ago, while
in the act of assisting his horse with his burthen up
the hill, his foot slipped, and the animal fell sideways upon
him, by which both his legs were broken, as also his
thigh. On another occasion, while stopping at the wag-
gon warehouse in Sheffield, he perceived a child in danger
of being killed by a crane, and in endeavouring to save
its life, he got his hand between the crane and cog
wheels, which maimed his hand in a shocking manner.
He cut a fresh set of teeth after he had entered his 60th
year. His death was sudden ; he was seized with a com-
plaint of the heart as he was cleaning his horse, and ex-
pired in a few minutes. He had been what is termed a
" hard drinker."

PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS.--The improvement which
have been recently effected under the scientific direction
of Mr. Beard are so great, that although the principle of
the process remains the same, the best specimens formerly
produced were but meagre, indistinct, sombre, and sha-
dowy outlines, compared with the pleasing, minutely-
beautiful, and really life-like portraits which are now be-
ing exhibited at the galleries in King William-street, City;
Bridge-street, Westminster ; and at the Royal Polytech-
nic Institution, Regent-street. The beauty of the pho-
tographic picture depends mainly on the degree to which
the metallic plate can be rendered sensitive to the action
of light; and it is in this part of the process that the
principal improvements have been effected. A change
has been made in some of the chemicals used, and a com-
plete alteration in the mode of applying them. The ef-
fect has been a greatly increased brilliancy of tone and
colour • white is now produced without the admixture of
blue, which formerly prevailed; light and shade are per-
fect ; the flesh tints clear, warm, and natural, and the
entire colouring, which is now embodied as it were on the
plate, can only be compared to the finest enamel. In
consequence of the additional susceptibility of the plate,
the process has also been much shortened, the results be-
ing now not only more perfect, but more certain than
heretofore. The specimens we have seen in King Wil-
liam-street are very beautiful. The busts and figures
stand out from the background in bold, distinct, and mas-
sive outline; and the texture of every portion of the
dress, whether of silk, velvet, satin, or woollen cloth, is
rendered with a richness and delicacy which constitute
these improvements a perfect triumph of art.—Tinies.
THE HEALTH OF THE JOURNEYMEN BAKERS.—In the
Journal of Public Health for the present month there
appears a very able article from the pen of Mr. William
Guy, M. B. of Cambridge, on the health of the journey-
men bakers of the metropolis. That useful class of work-
men are equally hard worked and comparatively ill paid
in all large towns, and their vocation, moreover, is even
with short hours of labour unhealthy. The journeymen
bakers of this town recently made, (as we reported from
time to time,) a movement towards a redress of their
grievances, and we are glad to say they have obtained and
deserve the sympathy of that portion of the public who •
have acquainted themselves with their case. Mr. Guy
states that his attention was first drawn to the subject by
accident, while prescribing for out-patients of King's
College Hospital. One of them, to his astonishment told
him that his usual hours of work were from eleven at
night to seven next evening, being 20 hours of work, with
only four hours of rest. He (Mr. G.) found upon enquiry
that the statement was true as respected many in the
trade, and he supplies several cases with names, in detail,
which certainly go to prove great, and even life-destroying
hardships amongst the journeymen bakers, calling aloud
for legislative interference even more than did the worst
practices of negro slavery. The shortening of life through
the present system is indeed awful. From an authentic
statistical table, it appears that even compared with
tailors, (whose trade is unwholesome) the bakers lose, one
with another, a quarter of a year of life each year ! There
are few old or middle-aged men amongst them. Few of
them enjoy robust health, and they are obnoxious to a
variety of diseases to which other tradesmen are much
less liable. They were peculiarly liable to disease of the
chest, and spitting of blood—arising from long hours of
work, great muscular efforts, exposure to heat, the inha-
lation of particles of flour, &c. The author advocates the
abolition of night-work, which is peculiarly injurious to
health, and is by no means necessary, and might be done
away with by a mutual arrangement between the masters
and workmen, without loss to either. In conclusion our
author says :—" The great social and political question in-
volved in this case of the journeymen bakers, is one which
now exacts a practical answer at the hands of the public
and the legislature :—ls there to be free trade in health
and life, as well as in food and clothing ! Is the system
of laissez faire to be not merely the general rule, subject
in extreme cases, like all other general rules, to excep-
tion ! or is it to be a stringent, rigid principle, unalter-
able as the laws of the Medes and Persians ? Much
depends on the answer to this question ; and the case of
the journeymen bakers is one of the first in which that
answer will be required."
PROGRESS OF POPERY.—The consecration of the Ro-
man Catholic Church of St. George, London, took place
on Tuesday. , The church being one of the largest and
most magnificent erected in England since the Reforma-
tion, for Romish ceremonies, every effort was made to
give eclat to its opening. Great numbers of the Roman
Catholic dignitaries on the continent were invited to the
ceremonial ; but the troubled state of the times in their
own countries prevented most of them from attending.
There were present, however, the Archbishop of Treves,
the Bishops of Liege,Tournay, Chalons, and Chersonesees,
with their canons and chaplains. Of the British Roman.
Catholics prelates there were present, besides Dr. Wise-
man, who officiated, Drs. Brown, (Liverpool,) Brown,
(Wales,) Brown, (Elphin,) Sharples, (Liverpool,) Gillis,
(Edinburgh,) Davis, (Maitland, Australia,) Waring,
(eastern district,) Briggs, (York,) Morris, (Troy,) There
were 260 priests, together with members of the orders of
Passionists, Dominicans, Cistercians, Benedictines, Fran-
ciscans, Oratorians, and Brothers of Charity. The entire
body of the church was filled with Roman Catholic laity ;
amongst whom were the Earl of Shrewsbury, the Earl of
Arundel and Surrey, M.P. Lord Camoys, Lord Stafford,
&c., &c. Dr. Wiseman celebrated high mass, assisted by
the Rev. Dr. Doyle, the pastor of the chapel. It was
partly Hummers and partly Drobisch's mass that was
chanted. The offertory was sung by Tamburini. The
sermon was preached by Dr. Wiseman. Of the church
itself it is almost superfluous to say that it is the work of
Mr. Pugin, and in the middle age style of architecture..
is 240 feet in length, 70 in width, and 57 in height. It
nave Itis
divided b
e aring Oppositet he theima
image
altar
of
manner.
aa nyenerstands. compartments—the
Atithe
chancel, s
andel,
furthest end the principal altar is placed, which is pro-
fuSely gilt and ornamented ; and over the altar is placed
whicht' n al
ieisnsl egsthwAset
decoratedihtnietnoh theet head
three
richestoeef
the
the Saviour. This is a work of Belgian art, and one of
the most noticeable objects on entering the church. The
floor of the chancel is richly carpetted, and the covering
ai s beautifulthelarge window
cross,also
of s
o stained
richly glass.glt
of the bishop's throne is of purple velvet, The effect
during the celebration of the mass, with numerous wax
candles burning in gilded lustres and candelabra, was ex-
ceedingly beautiful. At the end of each aisle stand two
smaller altars, of scarcely inferior richness ; one called the •
Altar of the Blessed Sacrament," and the other the
" Altar of the Virgin." One of the main points insisted
on by Dr. Wiseman in his sermon was, that all the pro-
fusion decoration and display were in harmony with that
principle in the nature of man which prompts him to de-
dicate whatever is most costly and splendid to the object
of his affection and veneration. In the evening there was
also a procession, benediction, and vespers, and a sermon
preached by Dr. Gillis, who returned thanks in the
French language to the foreign prelates for their .1
at the ceremony. The receipts would be about tI 0 gt Prig),
the tickets of admission having been sold at a g • IV DI
k?,
•
z' !.'

-