The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1851-08-19 00:00:00

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

E. E.—The service need not be personal.
A PUBLICAN.—An appeal lies,
A PLEBIAN.— Freehold land societies, in many instances, are
bubbles, as our correspondent may shortly find out.
A Winow.—You are entitled to one-third of the personal pro-
perty of the intestate, and your children to the other two-
thirds, in equal shares. You must take out letters of admi-
nistration.
P.—Yes.

X.Y.Z.--The letters P.P.C. represent Pour prendre cove—
" to take leave."

Eiberpoot #itatibarb+

TUESDAY MORNING, AUG. 19, 1851.

REPRESENTATION OF LIVERPOOL.
LORD STANLEY.

" WHEN circumstances are ripe, the men will ap-
pear," is a statement more oracular than true.
Many triumphs have been delayed, and many de-
feats have been suffered, from the fact that " the
hour was ccme, but not the man." Chiefly, in
parliamentary representation in this country, the
misfortune of being unprepared with proper can-
didates has led to the fact of constituencies being
misrepresented altogether ; and at no time was the
necessity of impressing this consideration on the
public greater than at the present moment. In
the coming election—an event which cannot by
any chicanery or meanness of the Ministry he very
long delayed—doubtless many untried men will
offer themselves on all sides of the question. Of
these it will be more difficult to judge than of
'those who have, even for a little time, challenged
'the attention of the public. The former must be
-taken on their own representations, and those con-
stituencies that choose them must learn in the
school of experience. Happily, however, the chief
town of the provinces of England has no need to
venture upon the experiment of electing unknown
men. However one or two improper choices may
have been made, there is no place of honour in the
gift of the Crown, and no -rank of ability awarded
by the Senate of this great commercial country,
that would not derive additional lustre from the
suffrages of Liverpool. 'How far so great a trust
was at the last election discharged by the consti•
tuency, we need hardly express our opinion. Even
the Parisian rabble had theconsciousness that their
representation was not only a great trust, but a
great honour -; and however mistaken in their
choice, they looked out for candidates illustrious
for some kind-of achievement. Mischievous some
of them perhaps might be, but they at least were
not obscure. The intelligent and shrewd :and
wealthy " Liverpool gentlemen" have thought of
nothing of the kind ; but acting in the spirit of a
time that sees Lord John Russell in the seat of
Pitt, and Lord Truro in the seat of Bacon and of
Clarendon, they have -filled the seat of Canning
with Sir Thomas .Birch. .Now the great -Parlia-
mentary struggle that is coming demands that at
least the general public shall be made aware of
who are the representatives of Liverpool, and not
have to search for the name of one of them in Abe
almanac, seeing no trace of his presence in the
house. If the theory existed that a mere nomina-
tion borough could give its member as much weight
as the first-commercial town of the kingdom, and
that the person sent to represent wealth, intelli-
gence, and a great population, ought to have as
little influence as the nominee of a proprietor, -or
the purchaser of a few votes, then we need scarcely
concern ourselves what" delegate" we may happen
to appoint. ,But the feeling both of the English
public and foreigners is entirely different from this;
and for Liverpool to send into Parliament a man
below mediocrity, both as a speaker and.a man of
business, is to-abandon its legitimate position as a
town entitled-by its importance very materially to sway
public opinion. Now an election, as we have said, is
fast coming. We must be prepared on behalf of the
country and -Protestant party to show our hostility
to the course :hitherto pursued, and how can that
better be done than by inviting to represent us,
and cordially supporting, the heir ola -house whose
ability, constancy, and courage have been to them
a greater boast 'than their high descent,—and a
nobleman who has himself shown the characteris-
tic spirit of his family, in personally inquiring into
the condition of the empire to the legislature of
which he has ,devoted his future career. The
House of Derby has shown more than once its good
disposition towards:the town of Liverpoal,.and we
have little doubt but that the constituency will
hail with no little
_pleasure the fact that in the heir
of that house they can:find a representative whose
talents fit him for their-trust, and who has exhibited
that intention of demanding practical knowledge.
which is the only guaraulee for the proper judgment
of parliamentary men.•..Jra fact, look at it in every
view, and there could not be found in the list of pos-
sible candidates any individual more suitable or more
,popular than LORD STAL.E.Y. The propriety of
such a selection is happily vindicated as much by
the personal qualities of the individual as by the
circumstances of his position. He has exhibited
ability both powerful and practical, and habits of
business we do not find in those to whom, as the
world goes, they would seem -to-have been infinitely
more necessary, and who claim to have them
because they have been engaged in pursuits in
which they are indispensable--a /non sequitur of
which the Liverpool Representatives could afford at
least one example. It sounds, no doubt, theoreti-
cally well, to affect to despise high position, but
practical people know that in England rank
is still no little advantage, and that though it
cannot force our dulness or advance mediocrity,
yet where it is joined with intellectual power it
commands double sway. Three revolutions in
France could not enable the democracy to take
away the innate regard of men for ancient lineage,
coupled with genius and honour

But mere words are of little use in ouch
a struggle as that to which we are approach-
ing. There ought to be an immediate deci-
sion as to the candidates, and an organised plan
of conduct. By such timely preparation much,
even of ill feeling, can be oared; and no cause, how-
ever good, will triumph en its own mere merits.
This fact is not less important to be considered in
Liverpool than by the Conservatives generally, both
in the contests at the hustings and on the platform.
A question of political economics, such as that be-
tween protection and free trade, requires at all
times much exertion to bring it fully before the
public mind; but this is doubly true where such a
question has been intentionally mystified by such
efforts as those of the Anti-Corn Law League, the
members of which, though sinking under the
weight of their " triumph," yet endeavour to
charge the bad prospects of the producing classes
upon any persons but themselves. The Conser-
vatives must remember that "it is lawful to learn
from the enemy ;" and that, in fact, a cry called
"public opinion" is something that can be created
by such means as were used by the Anti. Corn
Law League, and that such a cry can bear down
the common sense and true intelligence of the
country, except the attempts to raise it be met by
prompt exposure. For a time that cry succeeded.
An incompetent minister and a Parliament of place 7

hunters gave a triumph to the friends of the
foreigner, and the country is now feeling its effects.
But the people must be shown the proper mode of
acting. The mind of the nation must be roused to
the great importance of the, approaching election,
and to the fact that the question of national pros-
perity, or the prosperity of a few, is that which is
at issue before the country. A few days ago, at
Tyncrnoutli, Mr. George Frederick Young made a
proposal to commence such a course, and there is
certainly no time to lose in adopting it—not that
the result of the coming election is doubtful, but
that individual action and individual opinion, on a
matter of such vital interest to the country, is
necessary to the solid establishment of any govern-
ment, however patriotic.
Having thus pointed out Lord Stanley's fitness as
a candidate for the Representation of Liverpool, we
shall take another opportunity—probably nest week
—of bringing before our readers the claims of our
much-respected townsman, Thomas Berry Horsfal],
Esq.

THE CASE OF THE MILLERS—FREE
TRADE MONOPOLY.
THE interests plundered and oppressed by free
trade are beginning to feel that the pursuit of selfish
prospects in the days of Cobden's promises has
brought them to a very sad condition in the days
, of his so-called performance. If the millers were
, of opinion that, no matter whether or not the farmers
were ruined, they would be enabled to go on
cheerily grinding foreign grain ; and if some ship-
owners fancied that, whatever came of the agricul-
tural interest, freights would rise by the call for
, commodities from abroad, the admission of French
flour has taught the mistake to the first, and the
repeal of the Navigation Laws to the second.
These, however, are reminiscences that we have
no desire to revive. Their ruin was prophe-
sied to those industrial interests that took part with
the League from the first, and the duty of the
country is to endeavour to arrest it in the rapid
progress in which it has commenced. The blow
has fallen upon the millers with peculiar force.
The English market has been supplied during the
last year with French Flour to the extent of THREE
MILLIONS STERLING, and the most extensive pre-
parations are in progress for the further advance
in the trade in France. The French are quite
hopeful and joyous, and boast of the prospect of
keeping always a-head of •us in our own market.
Reciprocity, of course, they have never heard of,
and every mill in England may cease to grind, if
le moulin du village only clatters continually for the
advantage of Christophe or Auguste. At the
Society of Political Economists in Paris, on Mon-
day evening, the subject of French Flour was dis-
cussed with much satisfaction. M. de Kergorlav,
late Peer of France, and one of the jurors at the
Exhibition, had no doubt of the French millers
being able to keep the position they had attained,
namely, that of taking the bread out of the mouths
of the English workmen. M. de Kergorlay attri-
butes the advantage of the French to their " profi-
ciency in the management of their mills, and their
skill in the choice of grain." Of course English
workmen are dolts, and English millers cannot
choose grain. But did not M. de Kergorley know
another reason—that the French peasantry and
labourers will live, a whole family, for a day on as
little as one English workman, and that a York-
shire mill-labourer cannot well bring himself to the ,
idea of living in such a style. However, whatever
the cause may be—the French have got our market,
and FREE-TRADE MONOPOLY has begun. The
free-traders cried out lustily for competition when
it was as clear as daylight that competition could
only exist during the short, sharp, and decisive
struggle required by the country of cheap labour
and bad food, to defeat the country of higher
labour and decent food. Who doubted that, when
the foreigner had beaten the Englishman, all dream
of competition would be at an end, and we should
have the monopoly of " free-trade" instead of the
honest competition of the native producers The
French millers have begun earlyto give us an illus-
tration of this "great fact." Having got the market
to themselves, they have begun 'to give us an inferior
article. This was stated out of the mouth of their
own political economists at the Monday's meeting.
" The 'French millers," M. de Kergorlay said, "had
been .unable to keep up their supply of first-class
flour, and they had lately been making up with
stock below sample, which had created great dis-
satisfaction among the London bakers." How
very gentle and euphuistic is this ex-peer of
France! The French bakers were neither cheating
nor defrauding, but simply " making up with
stock below sample"—one of the most characteristic
of the first-fruits of free-trade, and a most apt
illustration of that system of blundering and sel-
fishness; for, take Cobden's promises and perform-
ances, and if he has not " made up with stock
below sample,' it is hard to say what such a pro-
needing means. Some people, however, are very
'hopeful. In the face of this admission, that ruin-
ing our own producers puts us at the mercy of

foreign monopoly, the Daily News, the organ of
the League, says, on Thursday, " We shall now,
under the influence of the free competition of the
English and French millers, obtain the mass of our
flour of superior quality." It is something to see
anybody contented with the advantages of free-
trade, and the Daily News is quite right to look
for even the smallest scrap of comfort. The Lon-
don bakers may be annoyed at getting an inferior
article, but the Daily News will go on rejoicing in
the prospect of " flour of a superior quality," on
which it is to regale itself at the expense of the
English millers.

Meantime the millers have hut one course to
pursue. Let them, by individual exertion, advance
strenuously the cause of protection to all industrial
interests. They may rest assured that as the storm
of free-trade fell upon all, the calm must be made
to benefit all. They cannot, as a single and sepa-
rate interest, win back protection ; but their case
is a powerful argument for a general change of our
late disastrous policy.

ENCUMBERED ESTATE ACT OF IRELAND.

WHOLESALE EXPATRIATION

SrR THOMAS MORE,
_tradition says, pdazled
.the
University of Leyden, by putting them a questiOn
in the barbarous Latin of the English Law. Theie
is another question which might puzzle all the Uni-
versities in Europe—What is to become of Ireland?
The Commission of Encumbered Estates has
brought to an end a part of its heavy work, of
casting out the Irish gentry desolate ; and paying
their creditors one-fortieth part of what they might
have got, by a little patience and a little mercy.
Sir John Romilly, in the passing of this Encum-
bered Estates Act, showed but poor claims to be a
statesman: It was a barbarous expedient to cut
the knot, and not to loose it—a plan that, if there
was no such thing as human feeling in the world,
might be used on every occasion. , Nov, the landed-.
proprietors of Ireland were ".hardly deserving of
treatige.gt such as..th estates :wer.gtetit*,

encumbered, but they were inherited incumbrances ;
and it is strictly true, that the table and the menage
of many peers of Ireland, dating their descent as
high as the Emperors, were far more scanty than
those of a London tradesman. The Encumbered
Estates Act was a proclamation of bankruptcy
against the Irish landlords; and have they not
gone throrgh it, with fatal loss, doubtless, but
with much honour ? Personal extravagance has
been charged on but a very few. This race of
nobility have fallen before a law which lawyers
themselves admit to be unexampled in cruelty since
the reign of the Stuarts. Every paper chronicles
the necessity that they and their sons are under to
seek work almost, if not altogether, menial.

" Disparl:ed their lands, and felled their forest woods,
From their own windows torn their household coats,
Raz'd out their impress,—leaving there no sign,
Save men's opinions and their living blood,
To tell the world that they are gentlemen."
And yet they are the descendants of those who
held Ireland for the English Crown, as they bad
won it by their sword and spear, for seven centu•
ries ; and not a few of the incumbrances, for'which
English legislation has made these men houseless,
were undertaken to enable them to defend law and
order against the enemies of both.
In the meantime, the destruction of the Protes-
tant gentry has not wrought the desired effect.
The peasantry, and such yeomen as there are, are
flying to America, according as they are able to
obtain the means of transit. There is really reason
for the apprehension expressed by the great organ
of the Freetraders and foreigners, that there will in
fact be a lack of human labour in the country, if
the Irish expatriate themselves at the rate they
seem disposed to do. There has doubtless at all
times been, as is the custom of the Celt, consider-
able attachment from the people to the lords of the
soil, and even this last tie the Encumbered Estates
Act has broken. There is no longer any hold by
way of feeling, and the people therefore seek the
stranger in America, as being preferable to the
stranger at home.

In the meantime, the Bill for the sale of Encum-
bered Estates has done nothing for which it was
intended. Proprietors are robbed—creditors are
defrauded—the country is half depopulated—and
the Whigs are, of course, contented.

THE CITY OF MANCHESTER

There are few ports in the universe that 'nave done more
to maintain our national pre-eminence in the race of com-
petition in shipping than those of the Clyde. As,
however, the energies of the builders of that locality have
been more directly connected with the advancement of
steam navigation, many will he pleased to hear that of late
a share of their attention has been given to the construc-
tion of sailing-ships, one of which, now lying in the
north-west corner of the Prince's Dock, has attracted in-
spection. She is called The City of Manchester, and is
well deEerving the name of a town in which enterprise is
so rife. Her dimensions are as follow :—Extreme length,
130 ft..; breadth of beam, 28 ft. 9 in. ; depth of hold, 19 ft.
with these proportions, and builr expressly as a permanent
trader, to one of cur leading British American colonial
ports, study has been called into existence, and preju-
dices banished, to make her not only a rapid sailer, but a
good carrying and, we hope, a profitable vessel. Her
model, which was cut by Mr. Rankin, jun., combines the
desired principles that exist between a clipper and a
carrier. Her lines throughout are perfectly round, and
withal fine; in fact, her run is so clean that
we may safely quote the words, " when her head is
through it, she is all through it." When we mention
the names of her builders, Messrs. Denny and Ran-
kin, we need not dwell to eulogise the quality
of the material or the excellence of the workmanship dis-
played in her build, suffice it to say, that all that expense
could do, at the hand of the owners, or pains on the part
of the builders, is here exhibited. The City of Man-
chester corennences her bottom planking aft with elm and
hecmatack to the bilge ; from the bilge to the light- water
or ballast-line, it is well selected pitch pine. The lower
or tight-water wales are of English oak forward ; of
greenheart amidships ; and aft of mahogany and English
oak. The main wales are formed of English oak ; amid-
ships greenheart; and r.ft mahogany. Two streaks over
the main wales are of the same material. The top sides,
(with the exception of the paint streak, which is of hard-
wood,) are pitch pine,—a timber that. " wet and dry,"
will stand with any. The bindings and stringers are of
heavy greenheart, and all is secured in a thorough English
style to a frame of our own grown oak, forming unitedly a
strength worthy a class amongst our " wooden walls."
We have stated that " The City" is built expressly as a
trader, and to facilitate he- stowage of cargo she has three
gangways and an equal number of hatches, all of which
may be kept working at one time. The forward ones are
provided with winches, the after one with a small crane—
a great desideratum on ship board. This compact little
ship is somewhat over 500 tons register, but will, in
burthen, be considerably greater. She is decorated by a
beautifully-carved figure head of a female bearing grace-
fully in her extended hand a basket of fruit. The cabin,
as she is not calculated for passengers, is plain but neat.
It forms a round-house" abaft. The City of Manches-
ter was built for the firm of Messrs. Jacot. Taylor, and
Tipper ; she is to be commanded by Capt. Reid, a gentle.
man who, fig ratively speaking, has been " all his life in
the trade." We wish her every success.

ROBBERY FROM THE PERSON.—Yesterday two men,
named Wm. Hughes and Wm. Roberts, were charged, at
the police-court. with an assault and robbery in Leeds-
street. They took from the prosecutor one sovereign in
gold and eighteen shillings in silver. The case being fully
proved against both offenders, they were fully committed
to the sessions for trial.

ELECTION OF ASSISTANT OVERSEER AT TRANMERE.
-To-day is appointed for the election of overseer, at
Tranmere, in the room of Mr. Dawkins, who has been
committed for certain defalcations. The emolument is
about £lOO per annum. On the vacancy being first an-
nounced, an army of candidates were in the field, but
they have gradually declined the contest, leaving some
two or three to do the battle.

ART UNION or LIVERPOOL.—We have just seen an
impression of each of the three original engravings to be
issued to subscribers for the current year. They are
beautiful specimens of art, and of much more intrinsic
value than the amount of subscription—to say nothing of
the other additional inducements held out by the com-
mittee to secure the patronage of the public. We trust
that such efforts may be properly appreciated.
FRODSHAM NATIONAL SCHOOL.—This school has
recently been licensed, by the bishop of the diocese, for
the celebration of divine worship, which is a great accom-
modation, the parish church (Overton) being situated at
an inconvenient distance from the town, and there being
no evening service. A number of the influential gentle-
men of the town have entered into a subscription for the
purchase of au organ, with the view of adding to the
solemnity of the service.

BOAT RACE, YESTERDAY.—From some little feeling of
ambition or of jealousy, we know not which, a match,
which has long been on the lapis, between the boatmen
of what are termed the north and the south ends of
Liverpool, came to a conclusion during the past week.
and was contested for yesterday, in the bight of the bay, off
Rock Ferry. The names of the boats were the Star of
Temperance and the Helen—the names of their crews
are, of course, not important. The spirit ran in favour
of Temperance, and the race concluded in the same
fashion—if it could he called a race at all. One took the
lead, kept it, and won by about a third of a mile.

WancK.—Three sailors, who left in the ship Larpent
from Liverpool last year, arrived lately at Shanghai from
the island of Formosa. They relate the account of thb
wreck of the vessel there in September last. On reaching
the shore officers and crew were attacked by the natives,
and there is too much reason to believe that all on board,
with the exception of the three, by name Berries, Blake,
and Hill, were muriered by the natives. Those saved are
tndebted for their lives to an old Chinaman, who took
hem in and protected them and afterwards, with the
assistance of a Chinese mandarin, got them on board a
vessel passing near the coast.
LIVERPOOL BOTANIC SOCIETY.--Is not the time ar-
rived for. Liverpool botanists to form themselves into a
society for the benefit of mutual instruction and combina-
tion? We think it has, and we think it discreditable to
the, numerous able botanists of whom we may now boast
that such a society has not already been formed. It has
been a general rule that a local botanic society has led to
the publication of a local flora ; but We have had two floras
published; those of Mr. Hall and Dr. Dickenson, without
the aid or patronage of a society. The establishnient of a
society- would lead to the formation of a herbarium, which
is much wanted, and would greatly help to promote the
spread of the science. The great fear is that British bo-
tany would occupy too important a position in the tran-
sactions of a Liverpool Botanic Society ; for although
.we
have many very able men in that department, we are la-
mentably deficient in students acquainted with exetie ve-
getation, although, there are few places in the world better
situated than this town for obtaining information and ape.
cimens from abroad. The practical results derivable from
the study of botany are of little value when confined to
the mere formation of a collection, or the addition of a few
pew localities, to which the wind or any other accidental
cause may have wafted a seed. There is too much of this
amongst our local botanists, and time will shew that we
ought to consider the properties of plants as the principal
object of the study. Should such a society be formed the
presidential *chair would be well occupied by Dr. DiCken-
son, -who is not only a leading botanist, but practical in
the strictest sense, having followed the study with great
industry'and perseverance; in order -to:Make, himseitmas,,l
tier of all its bearings upon the malaria tnedica, of which
g large a propOrtit3l cousins of vegetable products.