The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-08-08 00:00:00

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Algest 8, 1848.

Etteraturt.

VARIETIES

he-
re are in the United States about 10,000 lawyers,
4‘sta). surgeons, and 20,000 clergymen of all sects.
i! you wish to know whether anybody is superior to the
Prejudices of the world, ask him to carry a parcel for you.
eoitLWll..at is the greatest abuse of all that the country
bas_ivioeuit.ll3,stildyBAin.e. Quack medicine. Because it is the most
cure '—Punch.
boy, do you know what syn-tax means ? (said
thBseh°olmaster to the child of a teetotaller). " Iss, sir ;
/,40tY upon sperrits."
lii otaire, speaking of law, said, " I never was but twice
My life completely on the verge of ruin ; first, when I
,a law suit ; and
acseondly, when I gained
le"nenever you see person insult his inferiors, you may
I),,ltssured he will creep to his superiors ; he will act the
ti,'",_°f a bully to those who cannot resist, and of a coward
!nose who can.
154131.4.°K " BULL."—At the free black settlement in
4ca, a police ordonance was lately issued, by which it
1. orbidden that " any person should publicly worship
jecif ipgat°ts, thunder, or other reptiles, or they will be sub-
Titi° a Penalty not exceeding ten shillings."
pe e following lines, said to be prophetic, have been cur-
-Ig4l many many years in Germany :—" I would not be a king
a ; I would not be a soldier in 1849 ; I would not be
higtavedgger in 1850. But I would be whatever you
r'sa,,,se in 1851."
ARR
deb,, (VERY) RUM DUTIES.—There has been a long
hate"' on the " rum duties." It followed the debate on
this the ministry had done—or, rather, had not done,
sibislseasion! By the bye, a whig never displays the
spirit, but it is sure to turn out rum.—Punch.
babtille Boston Chronotype informs us that a gutta petcha
taaclhas been made in New York
for connecting the
214 f meri of one of the large mills in Lowell, which is
°llt 700
eet
.o dollars antwo wide—all in one piece. Its value is
.
PA
e0„-sTING EXTRAORDINARY.—A fashionable morning
4Ch'emPorary, on last Monday week, made the following
ps-°°°eement :—" Mrs. Bates's breakfast is unavoidably
~sMoned till the 26th instant." An awful time to go
Zithout one's breakfast ! We sincerely hope poor Mrs.
Bates may not have been starved.—Punch.
e total number of persons who emigrated from the
gLted Kingdom, in the year 1847, was
.258,270. This
ar.""ce as many as emigrated the preceding year. The
ia,,l;age yearly emigration for the ten years ending in
CI, was 104,000. Of the emigrants of 1847, not fewer
1.02,000 sailed from the port of Liverpool.
IRISH AND REPEAL.—I did not find any of the
veasantry who had the remotest knowledge of what is
ant by repeal. Their ignorance of its meaning may be
leen in their common form of speech ; " Ireland will do
la!) good till she gets back repeal !" or, " Sure didn't
England take the Repeal from us !"—Autobiography of
a 'Working Man.
BEAUTY IN A WIFE.—A young man married a wife
nose only claim upon his regard was her personal beauty.
21e - said to him at the end of one of their quarrels—
Xou don't love me; you cannot look me in the face and
saY that you love me." " You mistake me, my dear,"
'red he, " for it is only when I look you in the face that
can say that I love you."
THEti CHILDHOOD OF MARY LEESON. By MARY
:I°WITT. Darton, London.—" I have often been asked,"
..
,Ye Mrs Howitt, "to write a work on education • peo-
• ave imagined that, because I had children 'of my
I must understand the subject." We are of the
litre opinion, and can sincerely recommend this valuable
h° work, showing as it does how beautiful is the truth,
7 mean and cowardly is a lie.
LORD ELDON'S PROPHECY.—JuIy, 1830.—Now occur-
the three days of July which placed Louis Philippe
4 citizen King on the throne of the Bourbons. On the
41.L0f August Lord Eldon said :—" The Frenchmen are
/11-'l4 what cannot long exist, a Rupublican dent
-
nent with a king at the head of it. They will soon find
othat such things cannot co-exist, and revolution has
Yet done its work in that country, I persuade myself."
ADMIRALham,
PAKENHAM.—Once when Admiral Paken- I
tant°, one of our renowned naval officers, landed at Ports-
skrtb, a friend asked him how he left the crew of his
P* " 0 (said he), I left them all, to a man, the mer-
..eswt!ellows in the World."—" How so ?" asked his friend.
-LBY (replied the admiral), I flogged seventeen of them,
bee they are happy it is over ; and all the rest are happy
uiause hey have escaped."
tele 1114" GREAT PHYSICIANS.—The bedside of the
p 3 rated Dumoulin, a few h ours before he breathed his
r! was surrounded 'ay the most eminent physicians of
ir IS, who affected to believe that his death would be an
breParable loss to the profession. " Gentlemen," said
" you are in error. I shall leave behind me
themre e you
physicians." Being pressed to name
swe'Aas each expected to be included in the trio, he an-
S Water, Exercise, and Diet."
ple ALT WATER AND FRESH.—We have just had the
tahtet
buearsrer of drinking
as
sking a goblet of water taken from the sea
sparkling and aqueable as if drawn from
tell the Purnl3 in London : indeed, it was impossible to
led ' difference. The water had been previously distil-
In tpbr eo
Process
l way, and then treated by the simple gal-
patented by Mr. Crosse. The inven-
-1.1, for emigrant ships and others on long voyages, will
be invaluable.—The Emigrant.
rea AURELS AND LAUREATES.—In a snug nook, shelte-
from the north and east winds by Helvellyn and Fair-
eld, Wordsworth has for many years cultivated his own
laurels with success, till he is absolutely imbowered in
them. The original slip, from which all this throng of
ree nery has sprung, is said to have been a cutting from a
of a bay-tree planted by Petrarch at the tomb of
virgil, which tree was unquestionably derived from the
IN •
ying root of that which supplied leaves for the gar-
,,1141 of Apollo, and assuaged the divinity of his brow,
„""en he hired himself as poet-laureate to King Admetus,
L.ll daily stipend of a hornful of milk.—Blackwood's
Magazine.
0:1(34IO OF DEBT AND CREDIT.—The Morning Chroni-
Tijuaa a Icearticle on the law of debtor and creditor.
j„, e essay is finely conceived and logically conducted,
'lParting to the trading world in general one unexpected
tantnfert• For instance, "at this moment," credit is in a
thins wholesome condition. Hear the Chronicle :—" At
Moment, not less than nineteen shillings in the pound
tlap• e7erY body's money is fructifying or evaporating, as
.I‘,4;,.,case may be, in the pockets of somebody else."
tbe", as nineteen shillings in everybody's pound is one in
1)4 ?ockets of somebody else, it follows that everybody
hasstnwe everybody nineteen shillings, and as everybody
owe.Mneteen shillings to receive, why everybody, in fact,
It' everybody nothing.
the,(NAN CATHOLIC NUNNERIES.—It is only now and
cm- ,Nce get a glimpse at the interior of
forethse ecclesiasti-
ed suarnbles. A gust of wind raises a moment the
tleigteof the pall, and we see the festering rottenness hid-
th its dark folds. The world takes no note of
ese
pass matters. A traveller, in his summer excursion,
o s trY a convent, and he may admire it for the beauty
buttsi architecture, or the romantic perfection of its site ;
ratip_," spares no thought on the unfortunate persons im-
so4,", within its precincts, who have been deluded into a
tsp'AMn repudiation of all that adds dignity to human na-
be Or meaning to piety. Can anything more shocking
rat:trceived than that young women should be incarce-
can hin these ecclesiastical bastiles, at an age when they
kalt:ave no experience of the sacrifice they are about to
toot-; that they should bind their souls by an oath to
to out for ever human instincts from their hearts, and
Ileje„gard human affections henceforth as a sin against
of 1;;en ? It is frightful to reflect upon the state of mind
Of heoman so situated when she first awakes to a sense
DosZ.,!iituation. Daughter, wife, mo!her—for her the
velq. of these relations cease to exist. Reflection is
tie The position she has chosen is irrevocable—or she
koelltes it so. Month follows month and years steal by
tsarteitnnously enotwh, so she resigns herself to the for-
tikies of a saddened and lifeless devotion.—Times.
kilittrenEs IN PARIS.—That thin man, with his thin
ta:Y,_ waist, his long thin bronzed face, his thick
44• B,,:cues and tufted beard, and his dark, somewhat
g~ereyes gleaming forth from beneath a calm but
to
hoar "row, who is riding at the head of a brilliant staff,
eneral Cavaignac, the military commander of the
4411,:i the autocrat into whose hands the National As-
Ither, of France has confided its destinies. Although,
esis-'te removes his plumed hat to salute those who le-
?4rt6"Dirn now with enthusiastic acclamation, he exhibits
~3, bald, yet his general air is that of a man in the
litlWrigoiir of his best years, in the full active use of his
./etit;°lll,. See ! at the head of another group is a still
`11(1 man of military command. His face is fuller
Nol'a,ndsomer • and his thick mustaches give him a
his bold look, which does not, however, detract from
de CePossessing appearance. This is the young General
r, attloriciere, also of African fame. He is now minister
1!1101 There are others, also, of the heroes of Algeria,
Party aVe not fallen in the street coat, in which so
geld, ' who had earned a reputation tithe open battle-
kie received death by the hands of their fellow.country-
11* I
814" n every sketch are to be seen, as prominent
hieti these military rulers of the destinies of France,
nt.tia,taloolekwu days have again changed so rapidly. We
twelves pon their striking portraits, without asking
the country hand in hand.—Blackwood's Magazin,.
°1,,i,044.4aci11e OF THE BUFFALO.—The following instance
eat wge, sagacity, and attachment in the Buffalo, rivals
tagwn e read in the pages which Mr. Jesse, Captain
hs at,nd other enthusiastic naturalists, devoted to hold-
„,"e canine species to our admiration :—ln the
indjoic": March an occurrence took place in
.the division
PI be br rt° (residence of the Sourabaya) which deserves
o MEd cmlght to general notice, as a new and striking
r5,„,(4, the attachment of animals
..towards. their totpurvey-
la ule local
tte Zege truth authorities of the division
there have inquired
of the facts mentioned below ; cannot,
wt4tfi'lr, be the least doubt about the matter. On the
heAr.ch a boy eight years of age, in the Dessa Gilang,
ilt/M tbeing some buffaloes in a wood not very distant
bragged village, when he was unexpectedly seized and
01; the blotway by a tiger. At the cries of anguish uttered
toe of Nonwo buffaloes immediately came running ulp,
jtyat eased the
attacked the tiger with such success that he
; e boY and seized the buffalo above the knee
44d t wb. h
the be ti le a short fight ensued between the buffalo
baeaw.ger, which ended in the flight of the latter. In
tise bot 4 'line the other buffalo had placed himself over
elt the boy, which was lying on the ground, in
ts4corid'Y as to cover it entirely and to protect it against
utitt attack
g ties of the tiger. The. people of the neigh-
tba qed had in the meantime armed themselves and
th.ugh h,situ killed the tiger. The life of the boy, al-
•gh b was severely wounded by the tiger on the right
-gent ele, is t
the. Which th e yet despaired of. The peculiar attach-
Ntacit' herd, is e two buffaloes in this case showed towards
eat part texplained by the circumstance that for the
OPeage of thee Young natives, who take care of the pas-
t raor animals, bestow extraordinary attention on
te,:r
btactkhse.i_r flock, that they generally remain in
-"Y itY, and sometimes pass a large portion of the
mgapore Free Prue.

THE MISSIONARY

LABOURS OF ENGLA N

AND ROME.

(From the Colonial Church Chronicle.)
The difference seems to be very remarkable between
the missions of Rome, and those of England. The Roman
missions have had a grand commencement and a splendid
promise, and then a grievous and shameful decline. Our
missions have advanced from the poorest beginnings, with
long years of anxious struggle and patient waiting ; and
then, at length, the development of unexpected blessings,
and the appearance of sure and settled results. We may
adduce the rapid and healthful expansion of the Church of
England, in its true apostolic form, throughout the United
States, the \Vest Indies, and British North America, after
more than a century of cold neglect and heart-sickening
disappointments, that attended its establishment in all the
earlier settlements. Or if we regard its extension among
the heathen, we have never known a church, bearing the
appearance of a more sure foundation in the native soil,
than that in New Zealand, though for twenty years and
more it was "as a root in dry ground." And so likewise,
after a century of most languid effort and continual failure
in Hindostan, we have now seen springing up, from seed
sparingly sown many years ago on the borers of Tinne-
velly, the most promising plant ever witnessed in the East ;
a large and compact community of christians, weaned al-
together from their heathen customs, and exhibiting the
quiet and enduring feature of the parochial system of
England.
A further reflection has occurred to us while carrying
on this inquiry, which, if the facts bear it out, is one of
eventful interest. It would appear, that into some of those
fields of labour where Rome had entered with such mag-
nificent promise, but where, in the lapse of ages, her
power has sunk, or been altogether driven back, the Church
of England, feebly indeed, and imperfectly, yet, we trust,
on sound and apostolic principles, has been introduced
and is making its way. It would seem as if Rome had
been tried and found wanting ; and that the providence of
God had opened the way for another and a purer church.
Just as the Spanish and Portuguese empires, under the
shadow of which the Roman missions went forth, have
been broken, and another empire, diverse in kind, yet
surpassing in power, has established itself on their ruins,
and England's maritime supremacy has superseded the
brilliant fabric which had been reared by the chivalrous
warriors that once issued from the Peninsula ; so it may
be destined, that, together with the English empire, the
Church of England should establish a more enduring as
well as a more faithful rule amid the ruins of those more
' imposing structures which the faith of Rome had raised.
Thus, for instance, the apostolic system of England is by
degrees developing and extending itself, by a legitimate
authority, throughout Hindostan, where the Portuguese
empire and church had together formed some of their
noblest conquests. Thus again, suddenly and most un-
expectedly, a way has been opened for us into China ;
and two branches of the English Episcopacy, one about
immediately to be planted from England itself, and one
from America, planted on its borders, at the very time
when the Roman missions in that land are supposed to
be in deep depression.
Thus again, in a still more surprising manner, Borneo
has received a mission, which will, we trust, become the
centre of a vast movement to spread over the islands, and
the neighbouring continents, which were in other days the
scene of the triumphs of the Jesuits. Then again, the
Roman mission at Sierra Leone has been superseded by
that of England. And again to the west, as the French
colonial empire sank before the progress of Great Britain,
so the older Canadian Church of the French habitans has
been surrounded and overspread by the English. May
we only prove faithful to so momentous a trust ; and may
God give us grace to use the wealth and the might of this
vast empire to the extension of the Gospel, the Church of
our Lord ! lest we too, being found wanting, should perish
with the greater condemnation, as we have been invested
with the greater power, and blessed with the purer truth.
There is one more striking characteristic of the present
condition of the Roman missions, on which we would add
a few words. While Rome has thus been driven from her
ancient fields of enterprise, or else has suffered her esta-
blishments to decline, she has been concentrating her
force upon those countries where she had in some
places the claim of previous possession, and in others that
of national supremacy, which, according to Catholic rule,
should form the guide to the establishment of the church.
The most powerful modern missions of Rome are to be
found either within the British Isles, or else in the more
open and defenceless field of the British dependencies.
As in our previous observations we were led to mark the
manifest tokens of the corruptions of Rome, exhibited in
the lamentable decay of many of her most noted missions,
so here we have to point out that unmitigated and unscru-
pulous hostility with which Rome has ever pursued all
christian communions separate from herself, and especially
her most powerful rival, and the one whose witness against
her is the most formidable, the Church of England. It
appears that the whole strength of the Propaganda, unlike
the rule of St. Paul, who would not " stretch" himself
" beyond his measure," or boast in another man's line,"
is directed against the foundations which the Church of
England is endeavouring to lay within the bounds of our
own empire. North America and Australia have of late
years been the scenes of Rome's chief labours in foreign
lands. The following brief contrast will show the formi-
dable nature of her aggressions, and at the same time
condemn us for our own most inadequate and meagre
outlay in the cause of the Gospel and Church of Christ,
even within our own dominions.

In Upper and Lower Canada, the Church of England
has two bishops, about 200 missionary clergy, and numer-
ous catechists. Rome has in Lower Canada, one arch-
bishop, two bishops, two bishop-coadjutors, one hundred
and seventy-five churches, twenty convents, and ten
colleges. In Upper Canada, one bishop, one bishop-
coadjutor, and seventy churches. And at the Red River
settlement, two bishops. In Hindostan, we number three
bishops, and one hundred and three missionary clergy ;
while the Church of Rome maintains twenty bishops, one
hundred and sixty-eight European priests, four hundred
and seventy-two native priests, seventeen missionaries,
four colleges, ten convents and nunneries, and eight schools
for orphans. It is—the—same everywhere. A Romish
bishop reached New Zealand before Bishop Selwyn.
Bishop Broughton was painfully laying the foundations of
the Church in Australia, alone, and struggling with the
smallest possible means, when a Romish archbishop, and
a train of attendant bishops and priests, came and asserted
more than co-ordinate authority. When the Bishop of
Adelaide visits King George's Sound, a distant portion of
his diocese, containing no more than 200 persons, he will
find there a Romish bishop, a convent. and a college.
While Bishop Grey is opening his mission at Cape Town,
his diocese has been divided into two Romish vicariates ;
and before he reached his see, a Romish bishop had been
actually consecrated on the spot.

STATE OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH

(From the Quarterly Returta.).

It is gratifying to observe a very remarkable improve-
ment in the state of the public health. The number of
deaths registered in the three months ending June 30, was
46,552 ; which is less by 11,158 than were registered in
the winter quarter of the present year, and less by 5,033
than were registered in the corresponding quarter ending
the last day of June, 1847. The mortality of the coun-
try, after having been excessively high during the latter
half of the year 1846, the whole of 1847, and the first
quarter of 1848, is now little above the average of the
nine years 1839-47. The mortality, however, is still
much higher than it was in the spring quarter (April, May,
and June) of 1844, when the number of deaths was only
38,977 ; which, taking the increase of population into
account, implies a lower rate of mortality than has been
experienced in the spring season of any other year.
In London the deaths in the quarter were 12,945. The
deaths in the preceding quarter were 16,455 ; in the
quarter ending December, 1847, when influenza prevailed
19,605. Influenza has almost entirely disappeared ; it
was the cause of death in only 50 cases during the 13
weeks ending in June.
The improvement in the health of Liverpool is remark-
able ; while there were 4,809 deaths in the June quarter,
1847, there were only 1,907 deaths in the June quarter of
1848. In Manchester, Birmingham, and Leeds there has
also been some improvement. Small pox and scarlatina
have been the prevailing epidemics throughout the coun-
try.

The deaths in London from diarrhrea, dysentery, and
cholera were 11, 23, 13, and 14, in the first four weeks ;
27, 31, 37, and 51 in the last foul' weeks of the quarter.

These three diseases are always most common in the
months of July, August, and September, when the
temperature is highest. The popular error which ascribes
them to fruit was referred to last year. That it in an
error is established by the fatality of these diseases to
infants at the breast, to the aged, to persons in prison and
public institutions who procure no fruit, and by many
such facts as the following, reported about the middle of
the last century, by Sir John Pringle, in his classical ac-
count of the diseases of the campaign in Germany :
" Nearly half the men were ill or had recovered from
dysentery a few weeks after the battle of Dettingen, which
was fought on the 27th of June, 1743. The dysentery,
the constant and fatal epidemic of camps, began sooner
this season than it did in any succeeding campaign.
Now, as the usual time of its appearance is not oefore the
latter end of the summer or the beginning of autumn,
the cause has been unjustly imputed to eating fruit in
excess. But the circumstances here contradict that
opinion ; for this sickness began and raged before any
fruit was in season except strawberries (which from their
high price the men never tasted), and ended about the
time the grapes were ripe; which, growing in open vine-
yards, were freely eaten by everybody.
Fruit, potatoes, and green vegetables are essential parts
of the food of man ; and it is only when taken to excess
that, like other articles of diet, they disorder the stomach.
There is as yet in England no trace of the epidemic of
cholera which is ravaging Russia from Moscow to St.
Petersburgh and ascending the Danube. It raged in the
summer of 1831, 17 years ago, at St. Petersburgh, reached
Sunderland in October, London in February, 1832, Paris
in March of the same year. Whether it will pursue the
same course now, travel at the same rate, and be less or
more fatal, must depend on a variety of circumstances.
If the visitation cannot be arrested it is greatly to be
wished that it should be deferred, for though enlightened
communities have before been too much in the habit of
postponing sanitary arrangements, and only commencing
them when the plague is actually destroying them—which
is very like admitting the enemy within the city walls and
then putting the fortifications in repair—it is certain that
the great capitals of the continent were never in a worse
condition to withstand an epidemic than they are at the
present time.
LIVERPOOL.—St. Thomas's District : Deaths 214, or
148 less than in the preceding quarter.—Mount Pleasant :
Deaths, including the Workhouse, 462, being 242 less than
in the last quarter, and 545 less than in the corresponding
quarter of last year.—lslington : Deaths 271 ; decrease in
quarter, 195.—St. Georges: Deaths 112, under the average.
WEST DERBY.—West Derby : Deaths 165 ; decrease,
71 on previous. quarter.—Toxteth Park; Deaths 349 ;
decrease, 117 on previous quarter.