The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1850-05-07 00:00:00

was firmer

LONDON MONEY AND SHARE MARKETS.—YESTERDAY.
English Market thill to-day, having fallen ; from the opening
price, and closing as follows with a flattish appearance:—
Consols-Account, 95/ ; ditto Money, 96/7 ; Exchequer Bills, 67
70 pm. ; Mexicans, 28/ 9; Danish, 5/ / pm.; Russians, 2; / pm.
Railway Market stronger to-day, and closes good, scarcity of
stock being the cause of improvement :—London Stock, 181/ 2 ;
ditto Quarters. 2; l; dis.; 311clui, d Stock, 32 i; ditto Haifa,
23/ dis.; North Staffords, 1t ; dis. ; Old Dovers, 13/
No. 4, reg., I *; Caledonians. 7/ ; ditto Preference, 33
Eastern Counties, 6; 7/ ; Great Westerns, 5

s.; York 'andNorth Midlands, 'l4

; ditto) Noo.lerns,
154.; teeds Stock,

LONDON CORN MARKET

Supply cf English

wet wea-

s have bought
)reign in large

a small

nd in some eases brought

th more free--
td Peas meta

more ready sa
samples scar(

and very full prices paid. Oat
, and bniught more money.

od English
supply of
about last

is litttle r

dish white Wheat, 3

red, 355. to 425. per qr

British Wheat
„ Barley
„ Oats..
„ Malt..
„ Flour

Foreign

Beans
ih Malt....

SECOND REPORT

The market closed firm for Enalish Wheat, and a clearance
wag effected at an advance of fully is per quarter. Foreign
went off slowly at is rise for fine qualities. Flour met a good
sale at full prices. Barley, Beans, and Peas moved off more
freely towards the close of the market, and an advance of is
per quarter was obtained. Best samples of Oats met a good
sale at Gd per quarter advance, but other sorts steady. No

change in other
English white Wheat, 40s to 48s ; re

SMITHFIELD CATTLE MARKET

-YESTERDAY

Beasts, 3359 ; Sheep and Lambs, 24,510 : Calves, 149 ; Pigs,
240. Beef, 2s. 4d. to 38. 6d. ; Mutton, 3s. to 3s. lad. ; Veal,
2s. Bd. to 4s. ; Pork, 3s. 11. to 4E. 2d. ; Lamb, 48. 10d. to ss.

Holland Beas

) ; Calves, 71

and Suffolk Beasts, 2200.—Scot
Beasts being shorter than on M
prime Scots making 3s. 6d. ; SI
prices ; Lambs at 2d. reduction
have yet been.

Norfolk

Beasts, 400. Supply of
day last, trade was better,
1:1 sold slowly at Friday's
.nd Calves worse than they

STEAM COMMUNICATION WITH BRAZIL,
MEXICO, THE WEST INDIES, AND THE
PACIFIC.

We are enabled to announce that her majesty's govern-
ment have just concluded the long-pending negotiations
for a reorganization of steam communication with the
West Indies and the Pacific, and for the establishment of
steam communication with the Brazils and Rio Plato.

Regarding the West India mails, the main line steamer,
after leaving Southampton, will proceed direct to St.
Thomas's, performing the voyage in 12 days. At that
island three branch steamers will be in waiting to receive
mails, one to convey them to Havannah and the Gulf of
Mexico, a second to Porto Rico, Hayti, Jamaica, San
Jaga de Cuba, Honduras, Nicaragua. &c. ; the third to.
the Windward and Leeward Islands, terminating at De-
merara. After thus terminating the mails for those places,
the Atlantic steamers will start direct for Chagres, on the
Isthmus of Panama. there to disembark the Pacific mails
for transmission to the west coast of America.
Generally speaking, an accelerated communication o
from 12 is 16 days will be guaranteed to all the points by
this arrangement. Taking Valparaiso as the extreme
point, a saving will thence be effected of about 20 days,
the distance being performed in 40 to 43 days against 00
to 63, as at present. To Chagres the voyage will oc-
cupy only 18 to 19 days against 32 or 34, as at present;
Jamaica will be reached in 16 or 17 days; the Gulf of
Mexico in 22 or 20 days ; Havannah in 15 or 16 days ;
Guiana in 19 to 21 days, and the intermediate islands in

proportion.
To correspond with these arrangement on the Pacific
side, it is the intention of the Admiralty to agree with
the Pacific Steam Navigation Company for a fortnightly
mail to and from Valparalso and Panama, in place of the
present monthly steamer.
The three-weekly plan has been abandoned, and a
fortnightly communication is to be kept up with the whole
of the West Indies and the Pacific. To Mexico and
Havannah a monthly mail will be despatched the same as
at present.
Bermuda will be entirely omitted as a place of call.
Mobile, likewise, will no longer be touched by these steam-
vessels. . .

With reference to Brazil, a monthly mail, with an in-
dependent line of packets, is to be established. Starting
from Southampton, the steamers will proceed to Funchal
(Madeira,) Santa Cruz (Teneriffe), Porto Praya (Cape
Verdes). Pernambuco, Bahia, and Rio Janeiro. From
Rio Janeiro there will be a branch packet to Montevideo
and Buenos Ayres. The admiralty have not, we believe,
sanctioned the proposed touching at Lisbon. A branch
packet will, however, no doubt be started between Lisbon
and Madeira to meet the English steamer there.

The present fleet of the Royal Mail Steam-packet
Company consists of 13 ships, 10 of which are of 1,800,
tons burden, and 450 horse-power. Five others of great
tonnage, and some smaller or.es, are to be provided,
making perhaps 20 or 22 ships in all, with which to
perform both services. The duration of voyages will be
as nearly as possible as follows :—To Pernambuco, 18 to
19 days ; Bahia, 20 to 21 days ; Rio de Janeiro, 24 to
25 days.

The West India Company intend to make great efforts
to commence the Brazil mail in August or September
next. A Brazilian line of steam-ships may lead the way
to the extension of steam communication with the Cape of
Good Hope and the West Coast of Africa. With the
latter the monthly mail is kept up at a large expense by
means of packet-brigs from Plymouth ; these may be
discontinued, and the mails sent from Porto Praya (Cape
Verde), distant only 710 miles from Sierra Leone, by a
branch vessel. Porto Praya is also nearly half way to the
Cape, and thence a branch steamer can at any time be
put on to bring our South African possessions within 35
days of England.

The Oregon, from San Francisco, reached Panama on
the 20th March, having upwards of 200 passengers.
1,300,000 dollars manifested, and about half that sum in
private hands. Parties were still going to the diggings,
and many returning.
The Cork Constitution notices as an inexplicable puzzle,
that while numerous vessels are arriving, laden with bread
stuffs, thousands of persons are turning their backs on
the abundance, and going to other countries, whilst, in
not a few instances, others die in the country of sheer
starvation, and the workhouses are crowded with ap-
plicants for admissidn.
TOR FACTORY BILL.—The Times of yesterday contains
a striking letter from Mr. Richard Oastler on the com-
promise proposed by government—viz., that the period of
work should be WI hours per day. He strongly condemns
it, as do the workmen themselves. Mr. 0. says :—" The
factory operatives are not yet defeated. They know their
cause is good. It is never tarnished by rough weather,
ner is it damaged by rough usage. The factory operatives
have friends in parliament whom they have tried before—
those are not fair-weather friends. If well led, against
any government their cause is sure. Against such a
ministry as this a less experienced leader than Lord
Ashley could not fail to triumph. If the ministry will
risk their places on the cast of this die, worse might befal
the nation than that next Thursday morning her most
gracious Majesty should send for Lord Ashley to form• a
ministry. That, however, is their look-out, not mine.
I will not anticipate defeat, because I dare not suspect
that the House of Commons will stultify itself by reward-
ing law breakers, ad punishing those who are obedient to
the law. As to the quibble which causes all this stir, it
is disgraceful to all concerned. Sir J. Graham has
admitted, in my hearing, the law was intended to prevent
relays."

LAIRD'S PATENT SECTIONAL BOATS.—A boat built
upon a new principle, invented by M'Gregor Laird, has
just been completed at this port. The principle is what is
termed the patent sectional, and by it a boat may be built
in parts which can be put together and taken asunder,
with the utmost facility anp despatch. The boat referred
to has been constricted for her Majesty's Consul at Fer-
nando Po, and her dimensions are as follows :—Length,
sixty-eight feet; depth amidships, four feet; forward and
aft, six feet ; tonnage, builder's measurement, forty-five
tons; total weight of ironwork, four-and-a-half tons;
ditto with woodwork, masts. sails, rigging, ruchers, cables
and all complete, eight tons ; displacement of two feet
draught of water, 20.89 tons. There are eight sectional
pieces, the heaviest of which is sixteen hundred weight,
joined together by angle iron joints lined with vulcanized
Indiarubber ; the whole being secured by screwbolts and
nuts, so That her own crew of forty-five or fifty men can
carry her over any neck of land and set her up again. Her
light draught of water is estimated at one foot, with her
crew ; with provisions, and water, &c., for the same, two
feet. She is to pull thirty-eight oars, double bank fitted,
with three schooner sails and squaresail, having for night
;_iiepuutellnaanndt
lightness, she is particularly well adapted to take the bars
ilpisrfeeabtleoscoatti
lifeboat.
ton stanchions,Fibrreeonmfiihteedr
w light
iwith
i d draught
a air-tightuv ge rhetd
galvanizedo wf i with
water
tet thin i nil
nt fudebl teg.se
general
srhaael
on the coast of Africa, where there is a short breaking
sea ; and for proceeding up the rivers, or to ge '
on the app.&
ioti for life-
socHsafiotslidolvadnevereorv:fsfitt,shasests:s.e,ferTvroilionsharbeleorppsortciriisnesissmptbiroeuesectontiffoasnulco.o,nun.sersliteerbudlnycb)t
boats on board emigrant ships, for by it an ordinary-sized
ship's cutter can be converted into a boat capable of savinellel R POOL
the lives of one hundred and fifty people. We may her "
remark that this is the first vessel ever wholly composedY.,T4l% DA RD
of galvanized metal, indeed, not a block. strapping. ,') I-
u. -__TI.'N%
bolt, or a tack has been applied without being ecated wittr,:k. te -_,i, : "3,
that impregnable article, zinc ; but fully to test the trit.fr--/ ,X4f...,
._:...,:":,,,
ready-proved efficacy of that process. the material . r%}` ,<<r'
been galvanized by our two leading firms, Mr. 3 =3 ~ -s. 4744,31!!: i
If
Ha-milton, and memo, oludaone and Mimeo. ‘ •'l,l%\t-i.::;•s
4.r....
\it 10-
V•A'

in chase

ci 3.11 F SA:4N

Ituraturr.

NOTICE.

A Treatise on the Climate and Meteorology of Madeira.
London: Churchill. Liverpool: Deighton &Laughton.
This elaborate work is the production of three highly-
talented and respected gentlemen. The first portion,
which is comprised under the title we have quoted above,
was written by the late Dr. Mason, who visited the island
for a protracted period for the benefit of his health, and
whose important and carefully recorded observations on
the climate and meteorology of that interesting spot, are
here presented to the public. Dr. Mason's scientific in-
vestigations have evidently been conducted con amore,
and his valuable life was, we regret to say, sacrificed for
his love of research, and his enthusiastic devotion to his
subject. His numerous statistical tables and practical
observations are most valuable. The second part of the
volume consists of a treatise on the agriculture and tenure
of land in Madeira. by Dr. Peacock, Dean of Ely. From
this part we may quote the following remarks on

THE VINES AND OTHER PRODUCTIONS OF THE ISLAND.
" The finest wines are produced on the gentle bills, to the
west of Funchal, as far as ('ems dos Lot'os and the Estreito.
The finest Malmsey. on an estate formerly belonging to the
Jesuifir, still called Fazenda dos Padres, which is an extensive
landslip. at the west part of the base of Cape Girao. Some
wines of a delicate flavour are produced at Santa Cruz ; and
some, also, in the lowlands near Porto do Cruz, on the north ;
but the wines, generally, of the north of the island are very
imperfectly matured ; and are either distilled into brandy, or
are exported to the extent of nearly two thousand pipes yearly,
to Harnlmrg, where they are said to be manufactured into
hock. The same remark app ins to all the wines, even in the
most favoured aspects and soils, if produced at an elevation
exceeding fifteen hundred feet.
" More than half the surface of the island is found at an
elevation of more than two thousand five hundred feet above
the level of the sea, which may be considered as the superior
limit at which cultivation generally ceases ; for, though a crop
of rye may soot, times be grown at higher levels, the general
barrenness of the soil. the violence of the storms, and the
droughts of snootier. where there is no artificial irrh:ation,
make it very seanty and uncertain. large portion of these
mountain tr eta are covered by the Voecinium—Harberry—
tree-heaths, broom, furze, and other shrubs, both indigenous
and foreign, which, by being cut ,or fuel, and carried to Fun-
chal, afford occupation to great numbers of the people. The
other parts, when not bare and sterile rork, afford a very scanty
herbage for cattle, rows, and the miserable long-tailed sheep
of the island. In the region between two thousand and two
thousand five hundred feet, the pine, anal nearly all the timber
trees of Europe, china, and New Holland, are found to flou-
rish. when planted, in gnat luxuriance. The Camellia Japo-
nica, in particular, attains a height of forty or fifty feet, and
may be seen in great beauty at the Palheiro, the garden and
park of the late Count Carvalhal, about three miles to the east
of Funchal. All the fruits of Europe, also, the apple, the pear,
the peach, attain the greatest perfection in this region The
cultivation of the banana anti sugar cane ceases at an elevation
of one thousand feet. At lower levels, and particularly in
sheltered situations, neat the set, we find the coffee tree, and
nearly all the productions of th, tropical climates. The date
palm, when not stripped of its leaves for the exhibitions of
Palm Sunday and Easter. produces fruit, though it neverarrives
at perfection. The broad light green leaves of the banana, the
inten•e bright green of the orange tree, always in fruit or in
tlo er. the tan stems and cnron 'inn tops of the palms, are
amo :gat th most picturesque objects in the varied landscaFss
of this b. a VIII region."

The historical and descriptive account of the island is
furnished by John Driver. Eq., of this town, who, as
our readers are aware, is well conversant with the condi-
tion of the country. He details to us in a very interesting
manner, nad with much intelligence, the internal re-
sources of this beautiful little spot, and graphically
wurtrays every feature of interest to the public—the
hbits, occupations, amusements, &c., of the inhabitants
--th- productions, exports, &c. of the island—the best
mode of transit—the accommodations for strangers; and
last, not least, he proffers some valuable advice to visitors
who, for the restoration of their health, may be inclined
to transport themselves thither. We have read Mr.
Driver's remarks with much interest, and, whilst they
show him to he a man of intelligent observation, they
warrant us in hoping that we shall again be favoured with
some productions of his nen. The work is elegantly
bound, and fitted for a place in her Majesty's drawing-
room. Mr. Driver gives the following

DESCRIPTION OF THE ISLAND AS SEEN FROM SHIPBOARD.
" On approaching Madeira from the north, the island has a
decidedly majestic appearance,—the summits of the moun-
tains being generally canoed with clouds, with here and there
some jagged peak, peering above; whilst, below, are seen the
dark luxuriant foliage of the forest trees, and, again lower
still, a bold range of cliffs, lashed at the base by the broad
swell of the Atlantic, and presenting, occasionally, an opening
ravine, like the mouth of some vast chasm. Nearly the whole
of the coast consists of a succession of cliffs, or headlands ; the
most remarkable of which, Cape Cirao, is more than one
thousand seven hundred feet above the sea, being by far the
loftiest in the world. The cliffs, in general, are more precipi-
tous on the north than on the opposite coast ; from the greater
-prevalence of moisture, the ravines are clothed with forest
trees. which is not the case or the south side of the island.
The whole island presents the appearance of one mass of vol-
canic mountains, riven lot,' slopes, or ridges, all tending sea-
wards, and crowned with various peaks, rising from about its
centre; the highest of which, Pico Ruivo, is more than six
thousand one hundred feet above the level of the sea."
We may also quote his notice of a visit to