The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1832-12-28 00:00:00

SIEGE OF THE CITADEL OF ANTWERP,

(From the Second Edition of the Times of Wednesday.)
CAPITULATION OF THE CITADEL,
BRUSSELS, Monday Noon.—This important event, for u'-;}'ic/lt,'
of course, you were prepared by my express of yesterday, Il ~
i;
length certain. The capitulation was signed last night at ha
past 10 o'clock.
I have not been able to get a copy of the official docunle-
t
itself, but you may rely on the following as its substance.
General Chasse has demanded as the condition of his surre:ll
der, that his garrison should be allowed to march out with ihe
the honours of war, and should be permitted to convey '-
materiel of the garrison, &c., to Holland.
The Marshal refused the latter part, but would consent to the
former only in the following way:—
the
Baron Chasse was to have his choice of marching out at ,1
head of his garrison with all the honours of war, forts Lillo a 0
Lief kenshoek being at the same time given up to the French;
or, if those forts were not given up, the baron and his arrl,sou
0
to surrender as prisoners of war, and so to remain until g
the too
forts already mentioned are in possession of the French. 5t
After a negotiation which occupied some hours, Chasse._,..
/length accepted the latter terms, and agreed to surrender 110;
self and his men as prisoners of war, he not having, as,
alleges, (and as is believed,) any right to control the cu_ai
mandants of the two forts already named.
In consequence of this a detachment of French took pos:eso
sion of the demi-lune and of the gate of the citadel leadin., the
the Esplanade, and to-day it was arranged that at noon.: of
Dutch garrison were to lay down their arms on the glaci,,,he
the citadel, and retire to the rear of the French army.
citadel was then to, have been given up to•the Belgian troop:liii,
Thus has terminated this first part of the contest. It
of
now be seen whether Holland will strive to transfer the so..
war to the Scheldt itself. You will perceive in some of the sub
up,
joined extracts that her fleet has made an-attempt to cotolhey
and has had a smart action with some of the French: 6,0 A do
were, by the last accounts, not a'great way below the = -
Nord. But now that the citadel is taken, I presume they
not make the attempt.
Dutch
I am informed, on the best authority, that the twelve
gun-boats, which were near the citadel, were this morning
~:::
destroyed by fire. Whether this was done by the Dutch tfiecri
selves, or by accident, has not yet transpired; but of the I'
am assured there is no doubt. .

The people here are delighted at the prospect of a terns'
tion of all hostilities.
The following extracts from the bulletin extraordinary, fa..,hib-
lished by the Independent this morning, and from the tbai—
edition of the Liberal, are confirmatory of the above.
The following supplement was published this morning,.and
distributed to the subscribers of the Independent:
DECEMBER 21

CHASSE AND HIS GARRISON PRISONERS OF WAR.
BERCHEM, Dec. 23, Eleven o'clock at Nig,ht.—Col. Auvre,
who was sent to the citadel with Marshal Gerard's proposals
returned at half-past ten.
General Chasse accepts the conditions of the Marshal, who
gave him the alternative to leave the citadel with all the 1g);
nours of war, on giving up Forts Lillo and Liefskenshoek,
become a prisoner of war, with his garrison. Chasse accept:
the latter' not having power to render the forts alluded to, °vs'
which he had no controul.
The 61st Regiment are expected at the Nursery-ground, t 0
take possession of the posts of the citadel.
•
(From the fourth editionof the Liberal of last night, published
again this morning.)
ANTWERP, Dec. 23, half-past Four c'clock.—A Dutch fleet
is trying to come up the Scheldt, under the cross-file of ts,
French in the forts La Croix, St. Mary, and Perle ; the resis
tance is most determined.
Three Quarters past Eight at night (23d.) The necociatioyi
are continued, not for the capitulation of the citadel, for tha!
is settled, but for those on the right bank of the Scheldt, over
which Chasse pretends to exercise no controul. the
During the parlance, at a little after One this afternoon, ,
Marshal learned that works of the interior of the citaae
were going on, and at the same time he was arised that 7
violent engagement had commenced between the division Lcio
Generals Achard and Sebastiani and the enemy's fleet, sw
were endeavOttring to force their way up the river to suPle t
Chasse. On the instant a message was sent direct into ,
garrison to General Chasse, without waiting for the forms 01
flag of truce, and over the ruins of a fortress, which
:put an lc.
to these demonstrations, which were far from being Pacl
The fire still continues on both sides of the river.
I have just learned the official news of the capitulation. 'Del
are almost incredible, but they are, nevertheless, true. es'
This night, at 9 o'clock, a French battalion will take pcls be
sion of the citadel. To morrow, at noon, the garrison Ivolad
prisoners of war, and will defile in front of the esplanade;
in the afternoon France ! generous and glorious k'rancel „e
give up this formidable citadel, on which the eyes of all E ur°4'
have been fixed—to whom? to the Belgian army, who will sl' I
there to morrow. ~,

GOOD EFFECTS OF NEW CHURCHES.—The'
village village of %v.
berhead-green, near Wigan, has long been notorious for fiorry
ing, swearing, gaming, and sabbath-creaking; and lau °
, f
to say that many of the inhabitants never were in a place
bo
worship, except on the occasion of some wedding. Those 'by
were desirous of attending divine worship, were annoyed 45
groups of people, collected together, making all the reroluo,
possible; but since the erection of the new church, the obse,
ante of the Lord's day has been very generally attended.Loog
The minister, the Rev. J. Paley, who never ceaseth labour!, to
to reform them; who travels from door to door, and "
hinisther
house, inviting the inhabitants to attend divine worship, toge ho
with the exertions of the churchwardens and sidesmeo,
rs
patrol the streets, avenues, and resorting places for gain
compelling all dirty, filthy, and disorderly people to keep within
the bounds of their own doors, or to go to some place of alvias
worship, have done all that is possible. A Sunday school
been established, and several hundreds of children are uusay
learning to read and know the word of God. lam sorry t° the
the present Sunday school will not hold more than fialfulie
children in attendance; and I do hope the benevolent puz,i
will assist the minister in raising a fund for building a 5e7,,..
upon an enlarged scale.—Conrespcmdont of :Manchester Cote'

CORRESPONDENCE.

PAUL PRY-1S AI

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL ST.IND✓4RD.

Sta,—l am not sorry that a controversy between certain gen-
tlemen and the Editor of the Albion has arisen :—it shews that
Condescension is not, in all cases, either safe or prudent. By
the Way, if some improper person did not gain admission to the
keeting of the Conservative Club, or to that of Lord Sandon's
Committee, how did any account of the proceedings get abroad?
'Any Conservative would be ashamed so to act, but let the per-
*sll who has done so beware; exposure and, of course, infamy
*ill be his reward, if discovered. HONOR.

THE JOURNAL v. THE MINISTRY.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL ST✓INDIRD.

SlR,—The last number of the Journal contains an article,
eeilecting on the Conservative feeling of our Whig Rulers. The
expressions of Lord Althorp, Mr. Stanley, Mr. J. Brougham,
et hoc genus, omne," at the elections, betray a regard for
Peace and quietness, that does not suit this organ of agitation;
and is " particularly unpardonable in men, who owe their
tower to the spirit of radicalism." The " little red lion" is
beginning to enlarge in his cage, and the prophecy of Mr.
'alining, with respect to the difficulty of managirig him, is like
to be fufilled. The Journal affects to see, nothing like a
licentious democracy," about which he says, " Mr. Brougham,
lellose privilege to lecture is derived from the reflected glory
°T his brother, talks so foolishly to the Southwark Electors :"
Nuitege to lecture !—very good. But to the Journal's " pretty
ltteetations." Your schemers and philanthropists often over-
'ook
the immediate circle in which they move, and carry their
40strums and affections into spheres wherein they have no
power or chance of being of any service, oftener working much
ttil; and this learned Theban, like the star-gazer in the fable,
likely to break his shins over • a:stumbling block in his road,
Whilst he is gravely explaining events, in the womb of time, to
,Te gaping crowd about him. In his struggles to account for
s:ja strange fancy that the Whig Ministers have take up, he
''lst lays hold of the poor, and how think you he disposes of
114, idea? " poor are if anything too inert; most certainly
titeY are not pining after the rewards of political confusion.—
They might doubtless be better instructed, but they are in all
Zir ignorance habilual-resPecteri of the laws of God and man."
e have. here' admitted, first, that political confusion holds
eat its rewards; secondly, we may infer that there be those who
Pine after them, but that the poor iri their ignoradce are likely
respect those./aivs, which if better instructed they might see
heir advantage in setting aside ; admirable sophistry ! • • I pray
that they may remain in their happy ignorance and habitual
tPctrd of God's laws, rather than be awakened to a sense of
'aridelity and the free exercise of their judgment and power,
/111. shackled by those notions of religion, which are most
peculiarly the solace and treasure of the poor. Yes, enlighten
hero on this point, and the tragedy of the French Revolution
Pill be enacted here, in all its horrors! But the poor in their
ihorance are safe ; and " ascending" from this " inert" mass,
We are next introduced into the " society of the middle
eick,es, who concentrate that intelligence which gives birth and
/k'teney to public opinion, and he must be impertinent indeed to
keuse them of disaffection, or revolutionary notions." Let Me
kk if it is not knowledge that introduces the poor man into this
It/eiety ; and if " better instructed," I thoughtthat some pining
tfter the rewards of political confusion might'follow, when they
I taild calculate the wages of revolution ? But it would be "
ljeltinent" in you or me, to hazard a reply in the affirmative,
14atigh quite fair in a liberal Journal to suggest it. Besides,
~
returning
have evinced in their behaviour quite the contrary in
iftarning Cobbett, Fielden, Tennyson " cum ceteris aliis,"
a total in this very paper of 255 Reformers against 77
easervatives. This looks " healthy" I suppose; certainly ' tis
"independent,"—and I hope is also very " wise." Well,
then, here the revolutionists are not; and where do you think
e finds them? amongst the " aristocracy." The wolf
eked a' quarrel with the lamb for muddying the stream,
t,i,s.-"Igli the latter was drinking farther from its source. What !
:e aristocracy that has been hunted down with a dogged
7'e!linacity ; been held up as 3. besetting and crying sin ; that
s •harrassed the fancy, and distressed the sleeping hours of
jc!abinieal hate, like an incubus ; who have all to lose in the
tetainble, amongst them (credat Judceus) does the Saturday's
Zeacle with his " microscopic eye" discover the seeds of revo-
"'ion generating ! Tantwne !
Ia ray blindness I was stupid enough to suspect that a
lie
ischievous industry" was labouring elsewhere to " separate
7 great from the humble ;" and I deemed it not illogical to
:aelude, from the Journal's own statement and showing, since
e humble were passive, " inert," and the middle classes so
Intelligent and potent," that this active principle of evil,
might be found in " medias res"—that there we might find the
''intion of Mr. Brougham's problem and observe the " working
! attain an illaudable ascendancy." But if a man be not an
axistocrat," you must not term him disaffected ; and though he
abuses the rulers of the state, the liberal is a determined sup-
hrter of government !
The modest behaviour of the Journal in shifting the honour
that was intended for his party, to another quarter, requires
that he should be preferred to the upper seat in the company,
!It' I beg he will walk up and occupy it: to such advocates of
:revolutionary notions" are we indebted forthe present gloomy
Zspect of affairs. A power is on foot that we fear our present
4linisters, however desirous, will not be able to withstand. In-
:lead of being content, they have " risen in their demands,"
4., canning emphatically said, " unreasonable concession will
tllaays induce an unreasonable enemy to do."
elllow truly did Shakspeare make Coriolanus speak, respecting
•°Ble urgent demands of the Hydra people !

We did request it
We are the greater poll, and in true fear
They gave us our demands :—Thus we debase
The nature of our seats, and make the rabble
Call our cares, fears ; which will in time break ope
The locks o' the senate, andbring in the crows
To peck the eagles."

Yours,&c.,

FIDELIS.

THE CHURCH ESTABLISHMENT.

THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.
11la,—As the excitement of the election has somewhat sub-
-4 t, perhaps some of your readers will not be indisposed to
earn to a few dispassionate remarks upon the subject of the
14,7'lished church, in which I will endeavour to extenuate no-
'49, nor to set down aught in malice.
ii1411(1 first, as to the use of an established church. It is asked
at has Government to do with religion at all?
toneligion is entirely an affair of conscience, and relates only
041[1'8 spiritual concerns; to his interest in a future state, and
°I kivation of his soul.
1p a_f this Were true, Government certainly would have nothing
pomk' with religion ; and as far as this is true, Government can-
k44l,awfully interfere. But religion does not relate merely to
s spiritual concerns, it is not so wholly engaged about
th ,future condition as to be indifferent to his present. In
t religion conducts man to a better world by regulating his
klokluct in this. As then religion exercises the deepest and
ille4 Powerful influence on men's behaViour in society, and as
ob. regulation of men's behaviour in society is the immediate
ittiet, the sole end indeed, of civil government, there then
thilies a_ necessary and essential connection between them. In
8 regPeCt 029. may be said not only to coalesce, but to co'

exist ; they act upon the same principle, and for the same end.
This then shews that religion should be the care of the Magis-
trate : but it also distinctly defines the limits to' which his care
should extend. As far as religion operates upon society, so far
should it be his care and no further: over harmless theological
opinions he must exercise no controul.

The end of civil Government is the preservation of property,
and the secure enjoyment of all those benefits for which so-
ciety is formed. But human laws are inadequate to this end.

The law of honour allows adultery, drunkenness, prodigality,
lust, and revenge even to murder, as in the case of duelling.
The law of the land permits, because it cannot reach, secret
crimes. It permits luxnry, prodigality, ingratitude, avarice,
disrespect to parents, breach of promise, impiety, hard-hearted-
ness to the poor; and cannot enforce piety, honesty, forgivenesi
of injuries, faithfulness, brotherly kindness, or charity. TO en-
courage, therefore, what are called the duties of imperfect obliga-
tion, the sanctions of religion are required. But then, of course,
the civil Magistrate must only employ them for that end:
if he abridges natural rights, and interferes with liberty of
conscience, he is the enemy of true religion; and as has been
observed, if he proceeds to support it by violence and persecu-
tion, "he fights the battles of heaven with armour forged in•
hell." It seems, therefore, an actual contradiction of terms to
assert that legislation has nothing to do with religion. Religion
is a Latin word, the English of which is obligation, from religo,
to bind or oblige; and its meaning, as we use it, is, the obliga-
tion to perform our duty to God and man. Surely then, to af-
firm that legislation has nothing- to do with it, is, to say the
least, illogical, and a contradiction of terms. This 'appears to
me so self-evident a truth, that I think it would not have beon/
denied' if religion had been confined to its proper use, the re-
gulation of men's conduct in society; and not extended for the
mere gratification of ambition and cruelty to the enforcement
of abstract opinions and useless ceremonies. And this truth ap-
pears to have been so generally acknowledged that until the
formation of the American republic, no civil Government, I
believe, ever existed without some kind of a religious establish-
ment.

The patriarchal Government was purely religious. The Jew-
ish Government, sanctioned by God himself, was religious
during its whole duration. The regal Governments of former
times were all religious, as the ancient republics of Greece and
Rome. Athens, not only had a religious establishment', but a

test law. Every Athenian citizen, with au oath, of which the
following is a part—" I will not dishonour the sacred arms,
nor desert my comrade in battle. I will defend and protect my
country and my religion * * * * 1 will always be ready
to obey the supreme Magistrate with prudence, and to submit
to the established laws * * * * and lastly, I will reverence

the national sacred rites, of which I call the gods to witness."

Religious establishments, then, having been thought expedient
by the common consent of mankind, and a religious establish
merit having been sanctioned by God himself in the government
of the Jews, it remains to be shewn whether christianity made
any change in this respect, whether, as is very confidently as-
serted, a religious establishment is prohibited by the religion of
Christ; the consideration of which I will reserve for my next.
Your obedient servant, PRESBYTER.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STINDARD.
SIR,—In calling to mind the extraordinary excitement mani-
fested during the late election in this town, it will readily occur
to us that some strong cause must exist to account for the ef-
forts made by Mr. Thornely's party to return him to parliament
as one of its representative; besides, the old clap traps which
the professors of cheap philanthropy are wont to hold out, such
as slave emancipation, abolition of the corn laws, B:c., &c., &c.
It behoves all members of the Established Church to open their
eyes and become aware of the plain truth, which is simply, this :
The alluring promises of reduction of taxes, abolition of tithes,
and free trade in corn, are merely artifices made use of by the
enemies of the church to get such men returned to parliament
as will, overlooking the solid advantages of an established reli-
gion, pledge themselves to its overthrow. Let all Englishmen
who justly value the surpassing consolation afforded to the
many by a pure and Established Church look' to this, and ask
themselves, why it is that almost every candidate who has been
willing to pledge himself to violent measures (and how many
are there ?) will be found to belong to the class of Unitarians.
Let us look to the separate merits, or rather qualifications; of
two of the individuals who contested the representation of this
borough at the late election, 1 mean Lord Sandon and Mr.
Thornely. Ido not speak of Mr. Ewart, for he has shown how
unfit he is to represent Liverpool, or any other place; which re-
quires from its member the performance of a more important
duty than a daily ride to the house.

In our noble representative we find a man who, during his
political existence, has, as a statesman and a man of business,
fully justified the high expectations which his academical career
gave rise to. His moderate and liberal view of politics, and
the signal service which he has rendered to his constituents
during the short time he has been their representative, have
gained for him the support of the moderate men of both parties,
including an overwhelming majority of the respectable mer-
chants of the town. Besides, his high character, which roiifers
additional lustre on his exalted birth and station, gives ample
assurance of the honesty and uprightness of his intentions ; and
he is, moreover, a zealous supporter of the church, and being
such, will doubtless consult its true interests by endeavouring
gradually to lop off those excrescences which have grown to it
in the progress of years, and which may be said to be rather
consequences of human imperfection, than arguments against
the beauty and utility of the structure.
In regard to Mr. Thornely, I would ask what his pretensions
are to offer himself as a candidate for this borough? Did he
come forward in compliance with a requisition from the lead-
ing merchants of the place ? Certainly not. The merchants,
as a body, were decidedly opposed to him, and were shocked at
his presumption in offering himself as a fit person to represent
them in parliament. Previously to the two last contests he
was but little known in the town, and can hardly, from•the ob-
scurity of his position, hive had an opportunity of acquiring
that knowledge of public business so indispensable in the mem-
ber of a large and flourishing community like that of Liverpool.
I should feel some delicacy in thus stating my opinion of the
prqensions of any individual; but when it is remembered, that
in addition to the circumstance of his having obtruded himself,
unasked by them, upon the notice of the mercantile portion of
this community, Mr. Thornely has so far forgotten himself as
to attempt to harangue the county meeting at Newton, on Tues-
day last; I cannot but be of opinion, that, in having forgotten
that modesty of demeanour, which is most becoming to a per-
son in his station of life, he has at the same time foifeited all
claim to exemption from any remarks which his "vaulting am-
bition," or rather, gross presumption, may give rise to.
In such a House of Commons as would adequately represent
the various interests of this mighty empire, Mr. Thornely might
possibly find that it would require brilliant abilities (which he
does not possess) to cover the disadvantages of his actual posi-
tion in the social scale ; and that it is not sufficient to be a de-
magogue and a swallower of pledges, to enable a man to com-
mand that attention in the house; which a member for the se-
cond town in England ought to expect. For, we 'have lately
learnt, that it by no means follows that the circumstance of re-
presenting Liverpool will alone confer influence. Witness
another aspirant to public honours, who boasts himself a "
na-
tive of Liverpool, and who will yield to none' in attachment to
his natiio town."