The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1850-01-29 00:00:00

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.

Catherine Evans and Mary Baker, two young girls,
were committed, on Friday, for stealing 29 sovereigns
from the person of James Spike, a Yorkshireman.
James Simons, Edward Humphreys, and William Hum-
phreys, were committed to trial, on Friday, for having
stolen two hams and a basket from the premises of Messrs.
Rea and Son, South John-street.
A woman who had lodged in the Workhorse sheds was
charged, on Friday, with riotous conduct, and with as-
saulting the matron and assistants. She urged as a defence
that the porridge given to her was not sufficiently boiled.
Mr. Rushton said persons living on charity should not
become epicures, and she must be imprisoned for 42 days.
STEALING A LORRY.—On Thursday, a man, named
Gibney, was charged with stealing a lorry from Mr.
Okill, cartowner, Hurst-street. The lorry had been
missing for some time, and was at length found on the
premises of the prisoner in Back Ashton-street, where he
was breaking it up to avoid detection. He was com-
mitted for trial.

ASSAULT ON A WIFE.—On Saturday, William Oates,
a dairyman, of Lower Parliament-street, was remanded
on a charge of brutally assaulting his wife, whom he had
been in the:habit of ill using. The fellow had attacked
his wife with a poker, and in addition to several cuts on
the head, her ribs and one of her fingers were broken.
She made her escape out of the bedroom window, which
is about fifteen feet from the ground, but did not sustain
any injury in the descent. The poor woman remains in a
dangerous state.
UNJUSTIFIABLE STRIKING BY A POLICE-OFFICER:
An elderly and slenderly built man, named James Feeney,
was placed at the bar, on Wednesday, with his head ban-
daged. Police-officer Thomas Thomas, (No. 643,) a stout
man, complained that the prisoner was drunk and disor-
derly, in Vauxhall-road, at one o'clock on the previous
day, and that in apprehending him 111 struck him (the
witness). Feeney protested that he was not drunk, for be
had not tasted intoxicating liquor for a long time. He
was a news-carrier, and on his return from Bootle was
stopped by the officer, who struck him severely on the
head, which the doctor had since dressed. Mr. Rushton
strongly reprimanded the officer for using his stick. He
ordered the prisoner to b.) discharged.

ASSAULT BY AMERICAN SEAMEN.—We noticed last
week that, on Monday, a mate of an American vessel,
named Stowfort, was fined £5 for an unprovoked assault
upon a black man, and dragging him out of the house of
Mr. Timothy Parkinson, in Roe-street. On Thursday,
the same Stowfort and another American, named G.
Parrott, were brought up for an assault upon Mr. Par-
kinson on the same evening. The prisoners and thir-
teen other Americans went to the house, and called for
glasses of ale each, for which payment was made. Par-
rott, before drinking his ale, told Mr. Parkinson that he
had sworn falsely as regarded the black man. Stowfort
then threw a glass of ale in his face, and all those in
company followed the example. Mrs. Parkinson, who
was standing near her husband, and a servant girl, also
came in for a share of this gross outrage, and several
glasses of beer were thrown upon her. Mr. Rushton
said the prisoners seemed to think they were in some city
in the southern states, where the aristocracy of the skin
prevailed, more than anything else. They must each pay
a fine of £5, or be imprisone two months, and further
find bail, themselves in £2OO, and two sureties in £lOO
each, and give forty-eight hours' notice of bail.
SERIOUS CHARGE AGAINST A SHOPKEEPER.—On
Saturday Mr. Nailor, hosier, &c., Church-street, was
summoned before Mr. Rushton for assaulting Mrs. Sker-
lam, the wife of an artist in Church-street. Complainant
stated that she went into defendant's shop about twelve
o'clock on Tuesday morning, for the purpose of purcha.
sing a pair of gloves. Having looked at several pairs, she
found they did not suit her either in price or colour •, and
she was about to leave when the door was closed by the
shopman. Mr. Nailor asked her what business she had
to come into his shop without making a purchase, and he
pushed her and tore her mantle, ultimately forcing her
into the street. Mrs. Skerlam's daughter, an intelligent
little girl, ten years of age, corroborated this statement.
Mr. Nailer, in his defence, stated that complainant came
into his shop and looked at at least thirty dozen pairs of
gloves, and she split two pairs of kid gloves in trying them
on. Mrs. Skerlam was in a state of intoxication and
slapped him in the face. A shopman corroborated the
statement made by defendant ; but Mr. Davies, who had
performed a dental operation for the complainant soon
after the occurrence took place, stated that she was quite
sober. Mr. Rushton said that the imputation which the
defendant had attempted to cast was only an aggravation
of the offence, and he inflicted a fine of £5 for the assault.
IMPORTANT TO MATES OF VESSELS.—On Wednesday,
Edwin Ball, a seaman, preferred a claim for wages against
Mr. William Barber, jun. Ball stated that he had joined
the ship Charles Challinor, at Liverpool, on the 3rd of
March last, as mate, and, according to the articles, had
performed the voyage to New Orleans and back. He
claimed the balance of his wages, £ll 11s. 10d. Mr.
Mason (who appeared for Mr. Barber) said that the appli-
cant was first mate of the ship, and that, through his care-
lessness, one:bale of cotton was short when:delivered,—so it
had been represented to him. The bale, was, he believed,
marked FC. The value of the bale was from £l2 10s.
to £l3.—Mr. Rushton asked the applicant if he counted
all the bales as they came up the hatchway, and noted
them down.—The mate said that the ship was so rapidly
discharged that_he could not count them at the hatchway,
but that he stood on the quay, and counted them as they
were loaded into the carts, and the master porter, Wm.
Sutton, stood opposite to him and received them.—Mr.
Rushton stated that the mate had no business to be on
the quay. He ought to have stood at the hatchway and
there counted them. He was clearly answerable, (as
acting for the owners of the ship,) until the packages were
over the vessels, and then his responsibility ceased.—The
mate said that in the value given was included the freight,
&c., and he thought he ought not to be charged more
than the cost price of the bale.—Mr. Rushton admitted
this, and, on his suggestion, it was agreed to deduct the
charge for freight.—The mate taid that, after all, fifteen
bales were delivered over and above what it appeared had
been shipped.—Mr. Rushton said that did not alter the
case, but might be ground for another charge of neglect
against the applicant.

CORRESPONDENCE.
4
FIRES AND LIGHTS ON BOARD SHIPS IN PORT.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.
SIR,—As you gave insertion to two communications
from correspondents,whose letters tended to throw obloquy
on the exertions of those benevolent gentlemen who wish
to improve the condition of the sailors trading to Liver-
pool, both morally and physically, I depend upon your
known character for impartiality to allow the insertion of
a few remarks in favour of the change, which I most sin-
cerely trust will be granted, on the principle of audi alte-
ram partem. . .

NOtwithstanding that much talent has been displayed
to give this question an unfavourable bias, yet the writers,
whoever they may be, have in no way proved that great
good would not arise from the change, nor is Mr.
Chapman's original statement in any way invalidated.
Indeed I may safely affirm that the opinions enunciated
atj the public meeting have been wholly intact ; and as
this is a clear proof of the groundlessness of the appre-
hensions which are so artfully held forth in order to
frighten the public out of a truly useful and social reform.
I am induced to think that it will not be without due effect
at the proper quarter.
Fires and lights on board would necessarily add to the
comfort of the seamen ; they would be instrumental in
materially improving their morals, by affording them in
their ships the comforts of a house ; and the dram-shop—
that moral cess-pool—would be the princjial loser. As
for talking of injuring the trade of the trAW it is merely
a cry got up to misguide the uninformed. The only suf-
ferers would be a few harpies who live on the vices and
credulity of the sailor ; and I hope that the interests of
the shipowners and seamen will not:be sacrificed to these
pests of society.
In my opinion, sir, Mr. Littledale, the new Chairman
of the Dock Committee, could not more popularly com-
mence his reign than by lending his high influence to this
measure, which really possesses the germs of religious,
moral, and social improvement.—l have the honour to
remain, yours &c., A SAILOR'S FRIEND.
Liverpool, 26th January, 1850.

MR. SIDNEY HERBERT'S PLAN OF FEMALE

EMIGRATION

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD

.SIAM I have observed the publication in last Saturday's
Mail, of a correspondence between Mr. Brown, M.P., and
the Right Hon. Sidney Herbert, on the subject of female
emigration. The objections of Mr. Brown and of the
editor are grounded upon the erroneous supposition that
the needlewomen of the metropolis are not accustomed to
farm or household labour, and are therefore not suitable
persons for our colonies. A little more acquaintance with
this class would have convinced the hon. member that a
large proportion of those engaged in coarse needlework have
been previously farm and household servants, who, from
ill health or other ,causes have lost their situations, and
are obliged to purinle'peedlework as a last resource they
are•therefore the-very class required. Having myself wit-

nessed the successful trial of a similar experiment in Lon-
don, I beg to trouble you with the following facts :
About the year 1826, the committee of the Guardian
Society for the Protection of Females, of which my father
was chairman/ sent out, as voluntary emigrants to Hobart
Town,.
..tivV.,tv.e young w-ohien 'who had been reclaimed in
max uotitution, the majority of whord were Peedleworatn.
Lord Howick., then uricier-cecretary to the amies, took
a kind interest in the °tied, Affil *rote himself to prepare
them a favourable reception • their conduct, with one
slight exception, was admirable on the voyage, mid they
met with great respect and kindness on theit.,rrival• Be.
fore many days had passed they bad all accepted exe:°.".ellt
situations, as farm and townservants, and several were en-
gaged in marriage to opulent settlers.
Letters have since been received, detailing their subse-
quent happiness, and the gratitude of one of these females
is touchingly recorded in page 83 of " Facts in a Clergy-
man's Life," by the Rev. C. B. Taylor, of Chester, who
was personally acquainted with her as one of his parish-
ioners.

Absence of funds alone has prevented the prosecution
of, this interesting experiment on a larger scale.
Now, sir, if women whose well known previous conduct
placed them undereverydisadvantage, could meet with such
signal protection and success, it is surely idle to suppose,
when the great disparity of the sexes is considered, that
women of fair character will now be in a less protected
position, when the scheme is prosecuted after 20 years
experience, by a far more influential party, and under the
patronage and liberal subscription of the leading members
of the cabinet. I am, sir, your obedient servant,
North John-street, RICHARD FRY.
Liverpool, 28th January, 1850.

ST. MARK'S COLLEGE, CHELSEA

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD,

SlR,—Some time since I drew the attention of the
public, through your kindness, to the tractarian doings at
St. Mark's College, Chelsm ; and I request the favour of
you, by the insertion of this letter, to invite the attention
of the Rev. William Pollock to a letter from Commander
George S. Dyer, R.N., which appeared in the Record of
the 24th instant. That the above college, as at present
conducted, is a nursery for future perverts to the apostate
Church of Rome, no one, who has any right views of
Christian truth, and is acquainted with the transactions
at that institution, can doubt. Let it be remembered that
this is an institution in which are to be taught school-
masters for the education of the poor in the principles of
the Church of England ; but the result will inevitably be,
unless a stop be put to present proceedings there, that the
children of the poor will be educated in the principles of
Popery. It appears to me something like an infatuation
in the superior and influential ministers of the Church of
England, that, though they are continually witnessing the
sad effects of Tractarian leaven in persons passing over to
Rome, they will not use the least exertion to counteract
such disasters, especially where its working is so notorious
as at St. Mark's Training College, Chelsea.
I am, Sir. your faithful servant,
S. PRESBYTER.
2Gth January.

Rgriruiturat anb I?ortirttltural

COLUMN

TO be SOLD, by PjotrATE TREATY, a moderate-
sized GREENHOUSE, with Hothouse attached thereto,
including a quantity of Greenhouse Plants, &c.
Apply to 51/m.sf/Aw, Gardener, Black Horse, Old Swan;
or to Mr. JODIITA HEWITT, Plumber, Knotty Ash.

In gardening we usually find the most enthusiastic
amateurs in the immediate neighbourhood of large towns,
where land is excessively dear, and is doled out almost
by inches for gardens to houses. Under such circum-
stances, absence from everything rural, with no sweet
meadows and blooming hedge-rows to meet his eye, the
lover of nature clings to his small garden plot with re-
doubled fondness, and cultivates it with an ardour
unknown to those who, dwelling amid nature's freshest
scenes, know not the craving which is felt by those to
whom we have alluded.

Such lovers of gardening are always anxious to possess
as many favourites as possible, both in fruits and
flowers ; but in the former it has hitherto been a difficult
matter, because the usual plan with fruit trees has been
to let them grow to a large extent, and overspread the
ground, so that a very few would engross the whole of a
garden such as is usually attached to suburban houses.
This has acted as a great drawback to amateur horticul-
turists of this class ; modern science, however, steps in
to their assistance, and points out the means by which
good crops may be raised on diminutive trees, and also
the means by which trees may be kept small and produc-
tive. Thus apples, pears, cherries, and plums may be
gathered from trees but little larger than currant and
gooseberry bushes, and the latter may be grown much
smaller than usual, with decided advantage. By a system
of root pruning, the larger kinds of fruit trees are kept
small, and are rendered prolific at a much earlier period
than if otherwise treated ; and by grafting on proper
stocks, and judiciously stopping superfluous shoots in the
summer, they may be limited to very small sizes. Pear-
trees should be grafted on quince stocks, apples upon
paradise stocks, plums upon the common sloe, and cherries
upon the Mahaleb Cherry. These stocks confer a dwarf
habit upon the scions, which is further increased by
nipping in the small side shoots in the growing season.
The reducing this mode of culture to a system is the
work of Mr. Rivers, an eminent nurseryman, at Saw-
bridgeworth, in Hertfordshire, in whose nursery numbers
of dwarf fruit trees may be seen, in pots, bearing their
fruit in the proper season. Two new methods have also
been tried with success in growing currant bushes (red
and white.) Instead of the bush form, by one plan they
are grown tall, with a single stem tied to a stake ; all
side shoots are pruned in closely, and only the leader
I suffered to advance. In this way they produce excellent
crops, occupy scarcely any room, and have a very orna-
mental appearance. In this form they are easily
protected from birds, by a few strings from the top
of the stake to the ground, where they are held out a
short distance by pegs. Through these strings birds will
never fly, and one pennyworth of twine will serve three
or four bushes, as well as so many expensive nets. They
are, for the same reason, more easily and economically
wrapped up in mats, to keep the fruit for autumn use.
The other plan is to grow them as tall standards, but
this, besides being very troublesome, has few advantages
over the old system. Thus in a garden sufficiently large
to allow the growth of two dozen currant and gooseberry
bushes, by the old method, the cultivator may now grow,
for example, two cherry trees, one plum, three pears, six
apples, and a dozen currant and gooseberry bushes. For
the first twelve we would advise the following selection :
Apples : Keswick-codlin, an early, fruitful, and very
useful kitchen variety ; the Manx-codlin, Blenheim-
orange, and Wareham-russet, all good culinary sorts ; the

Ribsion Pippin, and Lamb-Abbey Peeamain, for table
fruit : the last has scarcely its equal in the qualities of
keeping and productiveness. Pears : The Aston Town,
Jargonelle, and Maria Louise. Plums : Guthrie's
Apricot. Cherries : May-Duke and Morello ; the latter
for culinary purposes. These would form a nice variety,
but there are others equally useful and hardy ; so that a
miniature orchard might be rendered highly profitable and

interesting

PAPERS ON AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY

end, near the banks of the lake, and the gardeners going
about in their small boats to look after them. Thei- ap-
pearance is not at all picturesque ' • they look more like
marshy ground than gardens, and but for the evidence of
attempting. to walk on them, one would hardly give cre-
dence to their ^^4"-- ry"

, -
uca urgeuub itml3 UR
water-lily, found in perfection in the laiske, seemed to be
much more: worthy of admiration. The leaves of this
water-plant are circular, and of about a foot in diameter,
the stern from the centre growing from the lower surface.
There is a peculiar secretion on the surface of the leaves
which seems to repel the water, and a few drops getting
on, float about in masses like crystal, glittering and
anarkling in the sun, brighter than the brightest dia-
mond.,?_-ardener's Journal.
Hoya Pieta.--;1"0.3m 0, De Winter and J. G. Jongel-
ing, horticulturists at 111 ail a Utrecht, have published
special circular respecting this plant and another varie-
gated-leaved species named H. variegate, accompanied
with two coloured drawings of it. From that source we
obtain the following particulars of the species. It is to
the zeal and efforts of Dr. Ph. Fr. Von Siebold, director
of the Royal Society for the encouragement of Horticul-
ture, that we are indebted for these plants. That learned
botanist was fortunate enough to have them transmitted
from Japan in 1845, being their first introduction to
Europe. About the end of the same year we purchased
them for the Society for 3,000 florins, so that we are the
only parties who possess them. These beautiful plants
are usually objects of admiration with every one from the
manner in which the leaves are shaded and coloured. In
Hoya picta they are spotted with a golden yellow ; and in
Hoya variegate they are striped, blotched, and bordered
with pure white. At the Exhibition of Ghent, in the
summer of 1846, among more than a hundred other new
species, these were awarded the large silver medal. At
Utrecht and Dordrecht, also, they attracted the attention
of all, and at both received extra rewards. Mr. W. H.
De Friese, Professor of Botany at the University of Ley-
den, having undertaken to give descriptions of these
he has not hesitated to pronounce them quite distinct
species of Hoya, and remarkably distinguished from all
other known species. The Editor of the " Annals of the
Royal Botanical Society of Ghent" is quite of Professor
De. Frieses' opinion. Although these plants have not yet
flowered in Europe, there is every reason to believe that
their flowers will at least equal those of the Hoya car-
nosa [n—Annales de la Societi Royale de Botanique de
Gand, quoted in Hort. Mag.