The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-08-29 00:00:00

THE AUSTRALIAN COLONIES.

The following- statements may be cited from parliaujeso,
tary documents regarding New South Wales. The Pelle
latien in this colony in 1846 was 189,609, the numbers,
Sydney, the capital, being 50,000, and there is still a c°
siderable disproportion between the sexes. In the 51
1845 the quantity of land under cultivation was 163! el
acres. The number of sheep is now 8,000,000, alth°°4l
,
not less than 900,000 were boiled down for tallow in eg,
—a process which yields a net profit of only about
per head, while the annual average of the fleece, if ittel
not compelled to be sacrificed for want of labour, sy°.",.
be about 4e. Amongst articles of experimental cult'rri
tion the vine has been introduced, and is increasing :ere
rapidly. Cuttings planted on about one or two a, of
yielded a vintage in 16 months which gave four pie $e
wine. Much a what is planted is the Rhine grseg
There is also some of the claret grape and the Consttilielit
grape. The latter grows very abundantly, and give' not
a sweet wine but a sparkling dry wine of the colour 0
amber, and it is believed that by skill it may be nlact°.oo
produce something original. The other quality of tot
chiefly resembles hock. Although at present it i 9 061
much drunk at the tables of the colonistsebut is censure it
chiefly by the labourers, who pay ss. per gallon for lt,
is thought to be soon likely to come into general usa`e
Some pains have been taken to introduce persons ieloure
derstand the cultivation of vineyards and the manufaet
of wine. The latitude of New South \Vales is sirnilarit,
that of the south of Spain, and the climate is very likLie
but not quite so hot. In Spain nothing can be "e"en.
without irrigation, and in Australia this has not h t.
commenced. The duty on imported wine is 15 Per cell
The olive has also been introdu d
ad valorem..
It ttarivo. wonanrfully, hut an Cpl.!! i,Sproaao exit
been entertained that it requires 20 years to Produce fruit,
whereas, by the proper method of planting, such o.'o
practised in Andalusia, a good crop may be obtained. l_t
three years. Silk production likewise has been tried, nue
still only on a limited scale, although it is.produced
easily, and in great abundance. The mulberry is n°t
digenous, but it grows well. The orange grows mae".e.
cently.- The cotton plant. unlike the American deseety4
tion, is a perennial, the same as in the Brazils, the
Indies, and Egypt. 15
With regard to mineral productions, coal, it appears,
g
a mall extent;
abundant. In many localities it may be seen croPPt'ld
out at the surface, and it has been ascertained to eet,ee,
to a great depth, Copper mines have also been dic-el°,
vered. About the beginning of the present year an, vele
tensive settler in Bathurst county, about 120 miles irero
Sydney, had obtained some specimens. from the Bte,
Burra Mine in the neighbouring colony of South Aust.r.,ii
lia, and having given a specimen to each of, the shePhece
in his employment, with a promise that he would runes
worth their while if they could find in their sheep wa_fe
anything retailer to it, he was surprised the course uaa,
few weeks by a piece being brought to him with an.get
nouncement that at a spot distant about 35 miles he °tee-
find similar ore in any quantity. The result was the -„er
covery of a very rich and apparently inexhaustible Tor
mine, and labourers are either now on their way.,9°, for
the purpose of working it, or a negcciation is perleintea;
sending them. Again, in the Yass district country, a 4t,
140 miles from Sydney, there has been found a very
able lead mine. areer
Steam communication exists from Sydney to Melbo
Launceston, and Adelaide. The construction of railfej,
is eagerly desired, and a line has been surveyed froine
cy'sied
ney to Goulburn, about 120 miles. One plan sueeere.
as an inducement to European capitalists is, that G°l/4
ment should give a free grant of an acre of land for e
pound subscribed to these undertalrings, so that the !ail.
scriber, in addition to his chance of profit from the lee,
way, would be put in possession-of land equal in s'°f
at the Government minimum price, to the amount see
investment,, and which land would be sure to ae't the
greatly from. the completion of the undertaking. 0,
same time the temptation to the Government WO for
that in making the estimated grant of 560,000 aereeeiee
the purpose of the railway, they would bring intoe
supposing the advantages of the line to be felt wittl'eres,
square miles on either side, a total of 2,560,000 'boll
leaving 2,000,000 available for speedy sales, and Pr°
at advanced price?. to
A supply of labour is the grand want. Accordinteng-
majority of the witnesses, the colony could receive udeetlf
the present year 20,000 actual labourers, indePe"
of their wives and families, without depressing to al?esele;
portant extent the rate of wages. The colonists'.°'s
voted the application of £lOO,OOO to the purpose! °lel°
security of the land fund, Lord Grey has author-1000i
commissioners to send out:to them and to South
,tsl,
ha at least 10,000 people in the next twelve men' irep °,l
is understood that a very; large number of the chil'7, ee
parents who died during the Irish famine of 18,4 etel
whose ages are between 14 and 18, will be ineLutetato
this emigration. It is. stated by several witness mail
great desire exists on the part of the labourers a" VOW
settlers, similar toehat which is so. stronely, °bserf re'
env o
among the Irish in America, to aid the etargraa /-4%./
lations elle friends by nuking remittances, a;er
Grey has accordingly directed the governor to ° tee °I)
facility for the purpose, In May 1847, such vol'eositt°
gency of the colonists to obtain labour that a Prfrie%/fo
was made in the begisletive Council regardiege.: ore'de
diency of procuring it even from Chipa, Trull-tog ulf
South Sea Islands, although the evil of engraft!. wer.
barons or inferior races upon the population NCalea ou;
foreseen. The measure, however, was not earrie of °tie
except in the shape of an experiment on the PI oSeroiteet
intelligent and. enterprising settler, who im.porte the
Sea Islanders from the island of Tanna, one this oPe
Hebrides group. From the allusions madet to
etc
ment it appears to have been a failure.
Lieh fern bf
Regarding the Moreton Bay territory, we-- eserte for
northern portion of New South, Wales, it is a_ eelktelt
Dr. Lang to be one of the most favourable greed,
colonization that has ever been occupied by
race." Its extent of navigable rivers is almostpry Coo,
and the climate is of the finest order. Mr' :es' 0° elle
missioner of Crown lands, described the Pia' ietere'aed
''3l;ele,' Fo".
banks of the Clarence river as " an almost co,
zation of Fenelon's conception of Calyes° theiciaeors
such is its salubrity that, although there Is a ,r 00100
pulation of 1,000 souls, a medical man of
P°Puerience' oaa
and known talent found, after two years' ea' RicM3A
it was impossible to make an income. The and an:00
river is also in this portion of New South ss 't re'
plains, which are still more extensive, Possse ele °.,
character, and in Mr. Fry's opinion arc eal??,,ilatio,_;es
ceivine and settling the whole redundant ribeoe!ao..
Great.Britein. "On the whole," he says, teo
residence has confirmed me in the oPinTeittittollratotionteti—e er;'
try ever came from the hands of its Ci I;',,c
nently qualified to be the abode of a thriving hove., 00
ous population, and in forming this estin.et°est, belfh•
uninfluenced either by prejudice or by. ipt
way concerned with it, save in that arising
cinl capacity."

LIVERPOOL:
TUESDAY, AUG. 29, 1848.
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED Is Os
EVERY TUESDAY MRI" 4
By JOSHUA PLETCHER Grove street,
LEONARD ADDISON, of 14,E Urea' Orford-str,eoeol,,,
4t No. 4 Sr. GEoltoK'i CaEsopvr, 4.0"1

Lasei

A Series of 1

Mi S

IT'S direst
instant,
THE DA
sern,,,n
Tana. .. Mr. Cl

THE Af
Brown..

To conclude

Raising

Cinderella

tka °Pen at
,Dres.
the uo:t, zs.
--bres`stni Pric,
2

711E4 TiZ;3..tier ,
A111..13.
Friend. Pool And it;
G