The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1835-01-13 00:00:00

into effect. and thtt such measures as the occasion mar
be deemed to call f•►r should be now adopted, the bnpartaut
question arises what those measures shall be.

Our institutions are essentially pacific. Peace and friendly
intercourse with all nations are as much the desire of our.
government as they are the interests of our people. But these
objects are not to he permanently securetrby turrendering the
rights of our citizens or permitting solemn treaties for their
indemnity in cases of flagrant- wmiug too •be abrogated or set
aside.

It is undoubtedly in the power of congress seriously to affect
the agriculture and manufacturing interests of France, by the
passage of laws relating to her trade with the United. States.
Her products, manufacture, and tonnage may be subjected to
heavy duties in our ports, fur all commercial intercourse with
her may be suspended. But there are powerful, and, to my
,mind, conclusive objections to this mode of
_proceeding. We
cannot embarrass or cut off the trade of France without, at
the same time, in some degree, embarrassing or cutting off our
own trade. The injury of such a warfare must fall, though un-
equally, upon our own citizens, and could not but impair the
means of the government and weaken that united sentiment in
support of the rights and honour of the nation which must now
pervade every bosom.
Nor is it impossible that such a course of legislation would
introduce once more into our national councils those disturb-
ing questions in relation to the tariff of duties which have been
so recently put to rest. Besides, by every measure adopted by
the government of the United States with the view of injuring
France, the clear perception of right which will induce our own
people, and the rulers and people of all other nations, even of
France herself, to pronounce our quarrel just, will be obscured,
and the support rendered to us in a final resort to more decisive
measures will be more limited and equivocal. There is but one
point in the controversy, and upon that the whole' civilized
world must pronounce France to be in the wrong. We insist
that she shall pay us a sum of money, which she has acknow-
ledged to be due; and of the justice of this demand there can
be but one opinion among mankind. True policy seems to dic-
tate that the question at issue should be kept thus disencum-
bered, and that not the slightdit pretence should be given to
France to persist in her refusal to make pas meet? by any act
on our part affecting the interest of her people. Ihe question
should be left as it is now, in such an attitude that when France
fulfils her treaty stipulations, all controversy will be at an end.
It is my conviction that the United. States ought to insist on a
prompt execution of the treaty, and in case it be refused, or
longer delayed, take redress into their own hands. After the
dewy on the part of France of a
_quarter of a century in ac-
knowledging these claims by'treaty, it is not to be tolerated
that another quarter of a century is to be wasted in negotiating
about the payment. The laws of nations provide a remedy for
such` occasions. It is a well settled principle of the inter-
national code, that where one nation, owes anotheran uuliquidated
debt, Walk it refuses or neglects to pay, the aggrieved party
may seize on the property belonging to the other, its citizens or
subjects, Sufficient to pay the debt, without giving just cause -of
war. 'This remedy has been repeatedly resorted' to, and re-
cently by France herself, towards Portugtil, under circumstances
less unquestionable.
The time at which resort should be had to this or any mode
of redress, is a point to Ire decided by congress. If an appro-
priation shall not be made by the French chambers at their
next session, it may justly. be concluded that the government of
France has finally determined to disregard its own solemn un-
dertaking, and refuse to pay an acknowledged debt. In that
event every day's delay on our part will be a stain upon our
national honour, as well as a denial of justice to our injured
citizens. Prompt measures, when the refusal of France shall
be complete, will not only be most honourable and just, but will
have the best effect upon our national character.
Since France, in violation of the pledges given through her
minister, has delayed her final action so long that her decision
will not probably be known in time to be communicated to this
congress, I recommend that a law be passed, authorising repri-
sals upon French property, in case provisions shall not be made
for the payment of the debt, at the approaching session of the
Fresich chambers: Such measures ought not to be considered
by France as a menace. Her pride and power are too well
known to expect anything from her fears, and preclude the ne-
cessity of a declaration that nothing partaking of the character
of intimidation is intended by us. She ought to look upon it as
the evidence only of an inflexible determination on the part of
the United States to insist on their rights. That goverument,
by doing only what it has itself acknowledged to be just, will
be able to spare the United States the necessity of taking redress
into their own hands, and save the property of French citizens
from the seizure and sequestration which American citizens so
long endured without retaliation or redress. If she should con-
tinue to refuse that act of acknowledged justice, and, in viola-
tion of the law of nations, snake reprisals on our part the occa-
' sion of hostilities against the United States, she would but add
' violence to injustice, and could not fail to expose herself to
the just censure of civilized uatious, and the retributive judg-
ments of Ileaven.

having submitted these considerations, it belongs to congress
to decide, whether, after what has taken place, it will still await
the further action of the Preach chambers, or now adopt such
provisional measures as it may deem necessary and best adapted
to protect the rights and maintain the honour of the country.
Whatever that decision may be, it will be faithfully enforced
by the executive, as far as he is authorized so to do.

THE COTTON TRADE.

We take the following extract from the New York
Circular of the 6th December, 1834:

The cotton market has not yet recovered from the depres-
sion resulting from the proceedings of some of the holders as
noticed in our last week s circular, but there is now less cotton
offering, many parcels having been withdrawn in consequence
of orders from the south, and those now arriving being generally
at a cost which would leave a heavy loss if sold at our current
rates. We quote as before, Uplands 151, to 18 cents per lb:,
Alabamas and Tennessees 16 to IM, cents, fine Mobiles, Luuisi-
anas, &c. 18 to 20 cents per lb. The sales, are estimated at
2,000 bales.
The question of the extent of the present cotton crops has
been of late much agitated; and as-it is a subject of the deepest
concern not only to those who are immediately engaged in the
trade but to the mercantile interest at large, we -have endea-
voured to put ourselves in possession of the best information
respecting it from every quarter; and we now state, as the result
of our inquiries, our decided conviction that the quantity of
cotton to be received in the shipping ports during the current
year, commencing with the Ist October, will not exceed the
apparent amount of the crop of the previous season, say 1,205,000
bales. The wtaa/ amount of that crop exceeded 1,240,000 bales,
brit the former quantity only was accounted for within the year,
upwards of 30,000 bales having been received at the ports, and',
included in the exports of the year ending Ist October, 183.3.
We have arrived at this conviction, as to the extent of the
crop, after a careful comparison of information received from
almost every quarter of the cotton-growing country, taking into
account likewise the backwardness of the picking season, and,
in many districts, its sudden and early termination, contrasted
with the uninterrupted early-begun and late-ended picking sea-
son of last year, and considering, also, that long before the crop
of last year was planted prices had attained an elevation more
than sufficient to induce the planters to extend the cultivation
of the article to its utmost limits. We repeat, that after the
most careful consideration of all these pojpts we have been un-
able to resist the conviction, that the present crop, as usually
estimated and ascertained, will not exceed, if it .amount to,
1,200,000 _bales.
Taking it for granted that our estimate of the present crop
will prove correct, and that the consumption will nut be inter-
fered with by political movements, severe and general commer-
cial depression, or other unforeseen reverse, the inference is
inevitable, that at some period or other in the course tif the next
twelve months the consumption must, of necessity, Le checked by a
great advance in prices.
The stock of American cottons in the different European
ports on the lit 3..inuary,lB3l, amounted to 150,000 bales. The
impart during the year may be stated at I,ooo,ooo—making an
aggregate supply of 1,150,000 bales. Taking, then, as the
standard of computation, the deliveries from the ports for the
first nine months of the year, and allowing for a decrease of 15
per Cent. in the last three mouths; the result will be nearly as
follows : American. All kinds.
Total supply for the year 1,150,01)0....1,570,000
Taken for consumption 1,050,000....1,450,000

Leaving in the ports, on the Ist
January, 1835 lOO,OOO 120,000
Now, admitting even that the imports of 1835 shall equal that
of 1831, of which, at least from this country, there is not in our
opinion the slightest probability, it seems clear that the con-
sumption must receive a check before the close of the year, be-
cause a stock of 50,000 bales spread all over Europe, would be a
mere nullity. It may be urged that the spinners will fall back
upon their stocks of low priced cottons, but this can only apply
to Great Britain, as nowhere else do the spinners ever hold
stocks of cotton; and, judging from the experience of the last
fifteen years, it may, we think, be safely assumed that the Eng-
lish spinners, so long as they have the pt.wer of advancing their
rates for yarns and goods in proportion to the advance on the
raw material will not reduce their stocks of low priced cottons
by a single bale, until they lose money at the current rates both
of the raw and manufactured articles : and how soon this un-
profitable.state of things shall occur will probably depend upon
how soon fair Uplands are worth Is. per lb. We may here add,
that the largest estimate of the quantity held by the trade on
the Ist November did not amount to seven weeks consumption.
In the preceding Statements we have had reference to the
aggregate cotton trade of Europa. As regards Great Britain
the results ares even more striking. Bales,
Til,7stneks of American cottons in the ports of Great
Britain on the Ist January, 1834, amounted to 117,000
The import will not vary much froin 730,000

817,000
I'hn deliveries for home consumption and export, allow-
ing for a decrease of 15 per cent. in November and
December, will amount to'. 780,000

Leaving 'in the ports a stock of U. S. cotton amounting to 67,0(X)
The average import of ail ether kinds of cotton into Great
Britain scarcely exceeds in weight 300,0(X) bales of American;
and as late as the beginning of November, it is stated on the
most respectable authority, that there is no reason to expect
more than an average supply of other than U.S. cottons during
the ensuing year. And in reference to the consumption in this
country it is now universally admitted, 'even by our manufac-
turers themselves, that at our present rates it will be consider-
ably larger than during the present year, and that no diminu-
tion wi►l take place unless the price of good Uplands shall
exceed 20 cents per lb.

CHARLESTON MARKET.
( From the Charleston Price Current, Nou. 29, 1831.)
CorroNs.—ln our last semi-weekly report, we briefly stated
that the demand for Uplands continued with great animation—
that the sales had been heavy, and in consequence of arlyiees
from Liverpool to the 21st October, showing an advance of id.
in that market, a rise of fully cent on all qualities have been
experienced in ours. On Wednesday, Liverpool accounts to
the 25th inst. reached us via New York, which continue to•give
a faVourable account of the cotton market, arid fully confirmed
former prices with a steady demand. The transactions here
since then, however, have been very limited, and confined prin-
cipally to the finer qualities—ordinary and middling .being in
no demand whatever. Several of our most extensive pur-
chasers having withdrawn from the market during the last three
days, only about 20()0 bales have seen disposed of during that
time. - The total sales of the week amount to upwards of 8000
bales. The market closed dull for everything except the primer
qualities-1
—particulars of sales as follows :-61 alesb at 15 cents-
-54 at 15 40 at 151-114 at 151-471 at 16-9 at 16h-565 at
161-156 at 16i-1919 at 16.1-94 at 161-1093 at 161-2263 at
17-372 at 17,1-825 at l7l—and 100 at 171. This last sale, vie
understand, was made under peculiar circumstances, and that
for the present no other parcel in the market is likely to com-
mand that price. In Long Cottons, between 90 to 100 bales
have been sold, principally of an extra fine quality at prices
not transpired—some Santees at 33 to 34 cents—a few stained
at W.) cents. We quote Uplands, inferior—; Middling to fair
to to good fair 15$ to 16—good to plium 16i to 17$