The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1835-06-23 00:00:00

COURT OF ADNIRALTY--TUESUAT.

THE CANADA.—This was a question of some importance to
the shipping interest. It was an appeal on the part of the
owners of the Canada from a decision of a magistrate of Nor-
thumberland, by whom they were adjudged to pay wages to a
seaman named Temple, with costs, after the admiralty depute of
Leith had pronounced against the claim of the seaman, on the
ground that he had been guilty of drunkenness and insubordina-
tion during the voyage. The Canada was bound on a voyage
from Leith to St. Petersburgh and back to a British port. At
Cronstadt, the mariner, who was cook, refused to go on shore to
prepare victuals for the crew, cooking on board ship. being pro-
!Wilted in the Russian ports; but the most serious charge
was, that Temple had endeavoured to induce the crew while in.
the North Sea, to desist from their labours at the pump, the
vessel having got on a rock, until the captain and mate had
taken a turn at the pumps. Had the suggestion been acted
upon, the vessel and her valuable cargo must have been lost.
For these acts of bad conduct the owners refused to pay the sea-
man's wages. The admiralty depute at Leith decided that the
owners had acted rightly, but the magistrate of Northumberland,
before whom the mariner subsequently brought on his claim, de-
cided that Temple was entitled to his wages and costs. The
owners from this decision appealed. No appearance was given
for the mariner, and the case was heard by direction of the court
exparte,
The King's Advocate, for the appellant, contended in the first
place that the seaman had lost all claim to his wages for his
gross misconduct, which almost amounted to mutiny, and that
the admiralty depute at Leith, before whom the facts were
stated, having decided against the claim, the magistrate of Nor-
thumberland was not warranted in deciding that the wages
must be paid to the mariner.
Sir John Nichol' said the case was one ofa peculiar cast, and,
having gone over the facts as stated in the affidavits, said it was
sufficiently proved that the mariner had not performed the law-
ful commands of the master, and had been guilty of disobedi-
ence and bad conduct, nearly approaching to mutiny. The
court of admiralty at Leith, a properly constituted authority,
had decided against the claim, and, without imputing any mis-
conduct on the part of the magistrate of Northumberland, in the
decision be had come to, it was the duty of him (Sir .L Nicholl)
to prunouce against the award, and dismiss the captain from the
suit. -

THE BRITISH QUEEN.—This was an appeal from tite,decision
magistrates of Kingston-upon-Hull in a suit commenced
by two mariners for full wages while the British Queen, in
Which they were engaged as carpenters, wintered at Memel. It
is the custom of vessels sailing to the northern ports to make
the crews sign an agreement, that, if the ship is detained
through the winter by the ice, the officers and men should re-
ceive only half wages. The two seamen in this case were hired
to go to Memel, but objected to the articles. The vessel was
detained at Memel from November last till the April following,
but on the return home the owners refused to pay full wages.
I
The magistrates of Kingston.upon-Hull decided n favour of
the mariners, and from this decision they appealed.
Dr. Burnaby appeared for the owners, and said there could
be no doubt but that, as the vessel was detained by the ice, the
:men were only entitled to half wages. He trusted the court
would not oppose the decision.
Sir J. Nicholl regretted that the decisions of the local autho-
rities were not more frequently taken, as, unless a strong case
was made out, he would not reverse the sentence appealed from.
This voyage had occupied a considerable period, and the poor
mariners were not to be kept abroad blowing their fingers and
kicking their heels upon half-pay unless it was clearly shown
that by the severity of the weather the vessel could not return
home. This voyage had occupied six months and twelve days,
and it was not satisfactorily proved to the court that the ice pre-
vented her from returning home before the winter set in, which
would have enabled the seamen to obtain other employment.
The case of the Houghton'had been referred to, but there the
vessel had been overtaken by the ice after due diligence had
been used to obtain a cargo before winter set in. Here nothing
of the kind was proved, and it was not clear to the court that it
might not Le the interests of owners to allow their ships to win-
ter abroad, so as to take advantage of the first of the spring,
and arrive home when the markets were exhausted, thus reap-
ing considerable advantage, the seamen receiving only half-
pay. lie considered the award just and reasonable, and he,
therefore, pronounced against the appeal, and dismissed the
mariners from further proceedings.

On Tuesday last Edward James, Esq., M.A., of Brazenose
Cotlege, Oxford, was called to the degree of barrister-at-law by
the Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn.
" Nobility," as Mr. Burke observes, "is a graceful orna-
ment to the civil order. It is the Corinthian capital of polished
society. °mires Boni nohilitati semper favemus was the saying of
a wise and good man. It is indeed one sign of a liberal mind
to incline to it with some sort of partial propensity."

GREAT PROTESTANT MEETING IN LONDON

On Saturday a meeting was held in the great room of Exeter
Hall, for the purpose--" of proving to protestants of all denomi-
nationi, by authentic documents, the real tenets of the church

of Rome, 'as now held by the Roman bishops and priests of
Ireland." Lord Kenyon in the chair: -
The meeting was attended by the Earl of Roden, Lord Man-
deville, Lord Bandon, and a great number of the protestant
members of parliament from Ireland.
The Rev. Mr. M‘Gee, in opening the business of the day,
adverted to the statement which had- been circulated respecting
the tenets of the Roman catholic religion. The rev. gentleman
then referred to " Den's System of Theology," the book from
which his statement of the tenets of the Roman catholic religion
would be taken, a book recognised by the catholic bishops as a
standard of authority revealing their peculiar opinions. The
book was published in 180, and up to the present moment was
received by the entire Irish catholi6 bishops and priests as the
authoritative standard of their theology. He had written to
Mr. O'Connell, requesting him to attend that meeting to im-
pugn, if he could, its authenticity. The rev. gentleman then
read a resolution to the effect that the meeting considered it had
been satisfactorily proved that the book in question was the re-
ceived standard of the Roman catholic& _ _

Before the resolution was put, the chairman asked if Mr.
O'Connell was present ? No answer being given, an Irish
Roman catholic gentleman rose to address the meeting. The
chairman decided that he could not be heard, as it would be
contrary to the regulations of the'meeting. A special exception

had been made iu-favour of Mr. O'Connell, but he was not in

attendance.

The resolution was then put and carried.
The Rev. Mr. M‘Gree then observed that the book asserted

the most unscriptural and mischievous doctrines. Among the
principles which it affirms are :—First—That Protestants are
heretics. Secondly—That by baptism all protestants come un-
der the church of Rome. Thirdly—That no toleration is to be
granted to prutestants, but that the rites of their religion ought
to be extinguished. Fourthly—That protestants are to be com-
pelled to return to the church of Rome by corporal punishments.

Fifthly—That these corporal punishments are to he—confisca-
tion of property—imprisonment—exile—and death ! The rev.
gentleman then requested Mr. Tottenham to read extracts from
Dens' work, in older to prove that these charges were established
against the church of Rome.
Mr. Tottenham immediately proceeded to read passages from

the book. With regard to the first position, "that pro-testants
are heretics," it contained the following passages in the form of
question and answer :
How many kinds of infidelity are there ?
Answer :—ln the new dispensation' there are three ; viz.,
paganism, Judaism, and heresy; to one of these all other kinds
of infidelity may be reduced.
What is paggan►sm ?
Answer is the infidelity of those who neither profess
Christ in figure, nor in the manifestation of the truth, or who
do not acknowledge that any Messiah or Christ has come, nor
expect that he will come,—such are idolaters, atheists, deists,
mahometans, &c. &c.
What is Judaism?

Answer:—lt is the unbelief of those who confess the Mes-
siah or Christ, in a figure only, or who deny that Christ has
come, but expect that he will yet appear.

What is heresy?

Answer:—lt is the unbelief of those who profess indeed that
Christ has come, but who reject his doctrine as to any part as
proposed by the church; such are. Lutherans, Calvanists, &c.
What kind of infidelity is the greatest sin ?
Answer:—lf the infidelity is considered objectively, or in re-
ference to the subject matter of it, then paganism is worse than
judaism, and judaism worse than heresy, because the pagan
errs in more particulars than the Jew, and the Jew in more
than the heretic. But if considered subjectively, or in reference
to the pertinacity of the will and the resistance to the faith,
then heresy is the worst, and judaism generally worse than pa-
ganism, because heretics are wont to have a greater knowledge
of the truth of the faith than Jews, and Jews than pagans, and
so gene Vally heresy is the greater crime.
Are heretics then considered to have faith?
Answer:—The question is not about a heretic merely in
matter, for it is certain that such a one does not lose faith; but
about a formal heretic, or one who pertinaciously disbelieves
one article of faith which he hasinown to be sufficiently pro-
posed by the church. To this question theologians, with St.
Thomas, commonly answer, that whosoever with pertinacity
disbelieves one article of faith, has neither an act of faith, nor
a habit of faith about the other articles. This is thus proved :
a habit of faith cannot remain in him, because this is lost by
the sin of heresy, which is directly opposed to faith, as the
council of Trent teaches, where it says, that faith is lost by in-
fidelity ; but heresy is infidelity, therefore faith is lost by it.
Nor can the act of faith be given in such a person, because be
rejects'the formal object of faith, without which an act of faith
cannot be exercised.
On the second point, namely, "that by baptism protestants
come under the domination of the church of Rome," Father
Dens says :
" Although heretics are without the church, nevertheless they
remain by reason of baptism subject to the church, whence she
justly seizes them as deserters from the camp of the church,
and so they are under the obligation of returning; but the
apostle is treating of those who have never entered the church,
or who have not been baptised."
'rhe chapter on " infidels and heretics subject to the law"
contains the following passages :—" Heretics, schismatics, apos-
tates, and all sander persons, who have been baptized, are
bound by the laws of the church which concern them, nor are
they more released from her laws than subjects rebelling against

their lawful prince,"
Objection Ist.—Heretics are not in the church, therefore they
are not subject to the church.
"We answer by distinguishing the antecedent. If it means
that heretics are not in the church, as far as relates to the union
of charity and the communion of saints, we grant it; but if it
means that they are not in the church as to SUBJECTION, WE
DENY IT, for they are made by baptism subject to the church,
and they remain PERSONALLY SUBJECT TO THE CHURCH where-
sover they may be."
Objection 2d.-,The church seems to relax her laws in respect
of heretics, because by, urging the observance of the laws she
cannot expect-any good effect.
"We answer by denying the antecedent, that is, by denying
that the church seems to relax her laws in respect of heretics.
The contrary appears from the universal mind of the church;
but as to their sins, the church merely holds herself permis-
sively for higher reasons, lest perhaps she might seem with an
open scandal of the faithful to favour heresy, while heretics
should derive advantage from the pertinacity and be freed from.
the burden of those laws to which the faithful are sutsisorsa
hence the same reason of relaxing her discipline would hold for
all bad christians."
On the third point, "that of the non-toleration of protestants,"
the following appears in the work of Dens
"Is it lauful to tolerate the rites of unbelievers?
"This is answered, first,—The rites of the Jews, although
they sin in exercising them, may be tolerated with a certain de-
gree of moderation, because from thence great good accrues to
the church, namely, that we hat e a testimony to our faith from
our enemies, since by their rites those things which we believe
are represented to us as in a figure.
"It is said, 'with a certain degree of moderation,' because if
there be any danger that the Jews by their rites prove a scandal
to christi rns, the church can and ought to moderate, or even to
prevent it, as may be expedient. Hence it has been decreed in
the sth Book of becretals, Gth chap. 3 and 7, that it may not be
lawful for the Jews to have many synagogues in one state, nor
to build new ones in many places.
"We answer secondly,—The rites of the other unbelievers,
namely, of pagans and heretics, are not in themselves to be
tolerated, because they are SO BAD THAT No TRUTH Olt UTILITY
CAN FROM THENCE BE DERIVED TO THE GOOD OF THE CHURCH.
"Except, however, that some greater evils might accrue from
some other source, or some greater good be prevented.
"The cause cf unbelievers is not doubtful to the judges of the
church as that of the apostles was to the Jews, but it is clear
that it is certainly false and condemned; whence it is not to be
tried or approved, but extirpated, unless there may be some
prudential reasons which may induce us to tolerate it."
On the fourth position, viz., " that the protestants are to be
compelled to returfi to the church of Rome," the same authority
has the following:—
" Are unbelievers to be eompelkd to join themselves to the bosom
of the faithfislt
"1. We answer first—Unbelievers who have never been bap-
tized cannot be compelled to receive the faith in the first place,
not by the church, because she has no jurisdiction over the un-
baptized, according to the Ist Corinthians, chap 5, ver. 12 :
" 'What have Ito do to judge them that are without ?" nor
even by secular, although their superior, because they have only
a political power over them, which merely respects the public
peace and tranquillity.
" The same also is proved by the example of Christ, the doc-
trine and practice of the church, and the form prescribed to the
apostles in preaching. Matt. x.
"If, with St. Augustine, you understand the words of com-
pulsion, properly so called, then they are understood of here-
tics and schismatics who have at some time made profession of
faith, and who can, properly speaking, be compelled.
" We answer 2dly to the question, that unbelievers who have
been baptized, as heretics and apostates generally, and also
baptized schismatics, can be compelled by corporal punish
menus to return to the catholic faith and the unity of the
church.
" The reason is, that they by baptism are made subjects of
the church, and therefore the church has jurisdiction over them,
and the power of compelling them -by ordinary means, to obe-
dience, and to fulfil the obligations contracted in their baptism.
"This also obtains in the case of those who have been bap-
tized in their infancy, or who, compelled by fear of any neces-
sity, have received baptism ; as the Council of Trent teaches,
Session 7, Canon 14; and the 4th Council of Toledo, Canon 55.
"You 'may object—No one believes against his will, but the
will cannot be compelled, therefore no one can be compelled to
the faith.
" We answer by denying the consequent.. _forhe is nat_eueas.„
-Oiled to believe-against his will, but that front being unwilling,
he should be made willing.
" You will urge again—N• one can be compelled to baptism,
therefore no one to the faith.
" We answer with St. Thomas on this—' As to vow is the part
of a willing mind, but to pay what is vowed is of necessity, so
to receive the faith is the part of the will, but to hold it when
received is of necessity, and therefore heretics can be compel-
led to hold the faith.'
" Meantime it is not always expedient that the church should
use this right, as will appear from what shall be said hereafter.
—Dens, Vol. H., pp. 73-81."
On the last point, namely, " that protestants are to be vi-
sited with confiscation of property, imprisonment, exile, and
death," Father Dens' work speaks as follows :
"Their temporal goods are for this very cause itself confisca-
ted; bat before the ,execution of the act, the sentence declara-
tory of their crime ought to proceed from the ecclsiastical
judge, because the cognizance of heresy lies in the ecclesiasti-
cal tribunal.
I" Finally, they are also justly afflicted with other, corporal
punishments, as with exile, imprisonment, &c.
" Are heretics justly punished with death?
" St. Thomas answers 22 quest. 11. art. 3. in carp.—yes; be-
cause forgers of money, or other disturbers of the state, are
justly punished with death, therefore,• also, heretics, who are
forgeri of the faith, and, as experience testifies, grievously dis-
turb the state.

"This is confirmed, because God, in the Old Testament, or •
dered the false prophets to be slain ; and in Deut., chap 17, v
12, it is decree d th it if any one will act proudly, and not obey
the commands of the priest, let him be put to death. See also
the 18th chapter.
"The same is proved from the condemnation of the 14th Arti-
cle of John Huss, in the Council of Constance."
The reading of these extracts excited an interest which it is
impossible to describe.
The Rev. Mr. M'Gee then addressed the meeting. He said,
that no one could pretend ignorance with respect to the volcanic
state in which Ireland was placed. A demon spirit walked
abroad in Ireland—he had shown what the doctrines of the Ro-
man catholic hierarchy were; and was it to be wondered at,
when such doctrines were inculcated among the people by the
priests, that the misguided peasantry should be turbulent and
lawless, and entertain en unconquerable hatred against all
whom.. they regarded as heretics? Referring to the " Death's
bead and cross bones"—that symbol Of terror and assassination
resorted to by the member for Dublin, Mr. M'Gee .aid,—before

he came to the meeting a friend of his, a clergyman, residing in
the South of--Ireland, sent him the document which be held in
his hand. This document contained a representation of that
dreadful symbol, which had been hung over the door.of a vic-
tim of assassination, and at the bottom of it were written these
words—" These he is." [Here the rev. gentleman displayed
the document to which he alluded, and the very sight of it. pro-
duced a manifest thrill of horror throughout the meeting : it re-
presented a skeleton on a coffin, with the dagger of an assassin"
piercing the breast.] A fac-simile of this print had been pub'
lished in a Kilkenny newspaper so long ago as 1832; and,
therefore, if he did not know what was intended by it, the hon.
member for Dublin bad shown a marvellous sympathy in the
feelings of those by whom such intimations of destruction were
given; or, if he did, for what other use could he have employed
this dreadful warning but that of intimidation ? (Cheers.) The
rev. gentleman then went on to show that, according to the doe- •
trines of the .church of Rome, the murder of heretics was justi-
fiable • and this would appear from a note appended to an edi-
tion of the Roman catholic bible published in Dublin by a
bookseller named Coyne. It was asserted that this edition was
published under the authority of Dr. Troyralthough he subse-
quently denied the fact; but, however that might be, there
could be no doubt that such a doctrine was held hy all Roman
catholics, inasmuch as it was one of the tenets of the Romish
religion, that the bishops were to purge the dioceses entrusted
to their care of heretics, and that they were not bound to inter-
fere with the tender mercies of the inquisition! (Hear, hear.)
He would now refer to that protest, or rather pastoral address,
of the Irish catholic bishops to the priesthood of Ireland on this
subject, on which both Mr. Sheil and Mr. O'Connell relied.
That address contained fourteen heads; under the eleventh the
following oath was given, viz. :—" I not only do not believe, but
I declare on my oath that I detest and abhor, as unchristian and
impious, the belief that it is lawful to murder or destroy any
person or persons whom I may consider heretics." Here, then,
the Roman catholic clergy were ready on oath to disavow this
doctrine ; but, if they were sincere in this, why did they cause
to be re-published and distributed throughout the whole of Ire-
land, " Dens's System of Theology," in which that doctrine
was openly and broadly maintained? (Cheers.) The adop-
tion of the one involved the falsehood of the other, and either
they were guilty of the grossest perjury, or no such doctrine ex-
isted in their church. He, however, had shown that it did,
upon evidence that no man could doubt ; and he, therefore, put
it to the meeting whether the protestant clergy of Ireland could,
in the words of Mr. O'Connell, " assist the Roman ,catholic
priests in educating the people of that country ?" At a minister
of the religion of peace he must say that they could not; as a
minister of God he must say that if they did, they would be guilty
of the foulest apostacy from ail principle; and rather than that
such a state of things should come to 'pass, he would prefer see-
ing the temporalities of the church of Ireland perish, the annihil-
ation of protestant principles, and the ministers of that church
martyrs in the cause of their religion. (Loud cheering.)
The Rev. Dr. Cooke, a presbyterian minister, addressed the
meeting at some length. He regretted that some of the beads
of the Roman catholic church were not present to vindicate
their religion from the imputations which had been east upon its
The only war in which they were engaged was war against the
most pernicious principles. He had been accused of proclaim-
ing a ukarriage on a platform in Belfast, between the different .
branches of the protestant churehesof Ireland, and ofa4rificitig
the opinions or his own' presbyterian church. What he did
proclaim was a threefold marriage----a marriageof concurrence
in things in which they agree in mutual 'forbearance, in things
wherein they differ, and in cordial co-operation against the
common enemy. (Dr. Cooke was frequently interrupted in the
course of his speech by yells and exclamations from this farther
end of the room.) Ile challenged the Roman catholic prelates
or priests to meet him at any time they pleased,-to a public
disputation—in Dublin, if they preferred it—in a fortnight.
Ihe gentleman who first interrupted the proceedings said he
would accept it.
Dr. Cooke said, in conclusion, let the Roman catholics of
Ireland either substantiate the statements and tenets of Domino.
Dens, or become protestants at once. He and his friends
sought nothing more than that the catholics should abjure error,.
and embrace the truth. (Loud cheers.)
The Rev. Mortimer O'Sullivan said that the interruptions
which had that day been given to the proceedings had been to
him the source of scene comfort, because it showed what the
Roman catholics felt at the exposure of the errors of their pesti-
lential church. He felt pained, on the other hand, at those'in-
terruptions, because it showed that the prelates of the .catholic
church had not accepted the challenge which had been given to
them to defend their church; they were afraid to meet the friends
of the protestants on that platform (loud cheers,) and left it to
those laymen, of their community to make up by want of cour-
tesy their deficiency in argument. (Loud cheers.) Among
other doctrines contained in Dens' Theology was that of the
infallibility of the pope, and cei taint), that doctrine should have
rendered the people of. England cautious how privileges were
conferred on the Roman catholics. But the effects of the.:doc-
trines laid down in Dens were dreadfully visible in all parti"of
Ireland. He should now pass on to the subject of tithes, and he,
would ask when first resistance to tithes was made ? Why, not
until after the emancipation bill had passed. Then it was that
the rights of the protestant clergy were, for the fi st time, ques-
tioned; and the band which the dark confessional box had in
this might be -inferred, although it could not be ascertained.
The rev. gentleman gave a glowing picture of the horrors which
attended the efforts that were made, from the year IS3O down to
the present time, to collect tithes, and of the blood which hail
been shed in the course of those attempts. Murders were perpe-
trated to an incredible extent without offended justice being ap-
peasedby the sacrifice of the deluded criminals; and when he stat-
ed that, in one county alone, no less than 187 persons had been
murdered, although one victim only was brought to the scaffold
to atone for his crime, the meeting would see the full extent of
the peril in which the protestant people of Ireland were placed.
This, however, was the result of the doctrine which was taught
by the Roman Catholic religion on the subject of the duty of
judges and juries; for by that doctrine it was maintained, that
those who shed the blood of catholic men should themselves
suffer death. If any one doubted that such a doctrine as this
was entertained by Roman Catholics, he would refer him to the
Roman Catholic-bible, in which (in a note to the 24th verse of
the 27th chapter of the Gospel of St. Matthew) he would find
it laid down in so many words. It should not be forgotten that
Roman Catholics were pledged by their church to a foreign
s•ate ; aid this brought him to the question of perjury, which -
those who had obtained privileges in the constitution had, in
his view of the matter, committed. He would not say that they
had committed moral perjury, because that was a matter re-
ferable to the conscience ; but he would say that those persons
to whom he alluded had been guilty of actual perjury, and with
actual perjury he boldly charged them. (Cheers.) By the
oath taken by those representatives of the people who were Ho-
me. Catholics. they strictly uledsed themselves to maintain the
established church'; but how hal they kept that oath? Why, as
'their religion inculcated, by seizing on the first opportunity that
presented itself of doing that which it bound them not to do ;
but there was no evasion, or any act of baseness and treachery
which was not suggested by the tenets of the church of Rome.
(Cheers.) It had, he knew, been attempted to show that this
charge of perjury was utterly groundless; but had any one ar-
gumkt been advanced which did not rather fix it more heavily
upon them ? He was satisfied that there had not, and that the
only means they had of excusing themselves was, by taking
shelter under the evasions with which their religion so abun-
dantly supplied them. (Cheers.)
Mr. O'Sullivan concluded by moving a resolution to the effect
that the tenes of the church of Rome are no longer a dead let-
ter, but that their baneful operation in Ireland is visible in the
' sedition and disorganisation which prevails in that country.
' The resolution was seconded by the Rev. Mr. 111• Gee, and
carried unanimously.
A vote of thanks was then given to the deputation from Ire-.
' law!, after which the meeting separated, having lasted from
eleven till five.