The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1833-11-01 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

I' made affidavit if served. Before I was a' process-server I was
in, the farming line. - I went to school until I was fifteen or
sixteen years of age, and was taught reading, writing, and
arithmetic : went as far as the rule of three. Before I served
processes I was a farmer, and had five acres and a half of land.
I was never served with any p.rocesses myself, either civil or
criminal. I was induced to emigrate to America from misfor-
tunes, and to better my situation in life. I had some rela-
tions going to America in the Sylvanus Jenkins;
..but I came
to Liverpool before them, and wished to get off to -America
before them. The Eagle sailed on the 3lst of August,. and
the Sylvanus Jenkins on the 4th of July. -I did not look

iOthel'ace of the first ticket when it was given to me, and I
could not read the back of it. I knew next day that I was en-
tered for the Sylvanus Jenkins; but I was entered for the Eagle
according to my bargain. It was afterwards arranged that I
should go by the Sylvanus Jenkins, and I agreed to do so on con-
dition that Mr. Byrnes allowed me a stone and a half of meal a-
day, and paid for the rent of the room where I lodged. I re-
ceived from Byrnes nine stone of meal. and Mr. Byrnes gave me
four shillings for my lodgings, but I wanted six shillings, as was
the bargain. I might have gone in the Sylvanus Jenkins if I
liked ; but I did not, because Lieutenant Low detained me to
prosecute. I would rather have
.gone by the Sylvanus Jenkins
than have stayed; but Mr. Low insisted that I must stay, and go
to the Workhouse. I might perhaps have been in America by
this time had I gone in the Sylvanus Jenkins. I have been in
the Workhouse since July, but at whose- expense I have been
living I cannot exactly say, hut, I believe, government's.
By Mr. Crompton.—l was glad to compromise with Mr.
Byrnes, having no alternative. I wished to get off to America,
but I have been detained as a witness for government.
Bernard Ganegan was called to corroborate the testimony of
the last witness; but Mr. Itaincock stated that, as he was a pro-
secutor in a similar case against the defendants, he should dis-
pense with his evidence, feeling confident that the testimony of
the last witness was sufficiently conclusive ageinst the prison-
ers. This was the case for the prosecution; for the defence no
witnesses were called; but Mr. Venables addressed the jury, on
behalf of O'Neil, to the following effect :—He said, that his
learned friends had rested their case upon the testimony of one
witness, and in the evidence adduced he should be glad if either
of the learned counsel would point to any part of it which at all
touched upon or affected the defendant 'O'Neil. If this indict-
mentcoutd be sustained, he knew not how any clerk in a coach-
office or merchant's counting-house could escape punishment;
or why, if this prosecution went on, they were not liable to pro-
secution for any misrepresentation they might think proper to
make in their situation as clerks. If they looked to the evi-
dence of the prosecutor, they would find he was not au ignorant
man, but able to read and write ; and, if they looked to his his-
tory, they would see that he was not so illiterate as to be im-
posed upon by any paper when given into his hands to perfect
a contract. tie had been a process-server, and in that capacity
was obliged to read every part of a process before he served it,
so as to make affidavit of the service. Was such a man likely
to be deceived by a paper of that description? Would he not
know when a ticket was put into his hands whsther it was for
the Eagle or the Sylvanus Jenkins ? There was no ambiguity
or similarity in the names of the vessels; it was stated distinctly
on the ticket that his passage was taken in the Sylvanus Jen-
kins, and that ticket was the foundation upon which the con-
tract rested. Besides, the witness had relatives going in the
Jenkins, and it was not at all unnatural to suppose that he was
desirous to go in the Jenkins, had he not been unnecessarily
interfered with. As he had stated, they had rested their case
upon the evidence of one person, when other witnesses might
have been called, perfectly acquainted with the contract between
both parties. Why was not Murphy called ? he was not im-
plicated, but they had not ventured to put him in the box.
Why was not Mr. Low called, to whose officiousness this prose-
cution was owing, and but for whom the prosecutor might now
have been on the shores of America, where he was seeking a
refuge. Who was Mr. Low?—he knew nothing of Mr. Low
but what he saw written upon his brief ; and by what authority
did he send the witness and his family to the Workhouse? He
was not aware of the power which authorized him to do so. If
a witness was unwilling to give evidence, the magistrates
had the power of committing, but not to the Workhouse,
to be kept from July to the present time at the parish expense.
Surely the rates of Liverpool were quite high enough without so
unnecessarily encumbering them with a family under such cir-
cumstances, and Mr. Low had no right whatever to keep them
there; and if, by their verdict, they encouraged Mr. Low in this
business, any person under similar circumstances might go to
Mr. Shipp, the governor, with a family, and order him to keep
them in the Workhouse at the parish expense. He did not see
how the evidence affected O'Neil in the least; he was not a
principal, and there was no pretence for saying that he was a
partner with Mr. Byrnes; for as soon as Magee applied to O'Neil,
he did not look up to him as a principal, but to Mr. Byrnes, who,
he believed, bore an unimpeachable character. And did not
Mr. Byrnes perform that partof the contract wherein he agreed
to keep Magee and his family until the vessel sailed? The
matter was merely a breach of contract, and he might put it as
though he went to Mr. Bretherton's coach-office, and took a
place direct to London by the mail, and if the clerks were to send
him instead, by a coach-through Birmingham, equally as con-
venient; ought he to prosecute that clerk criminally for receiv-
ing money under false pretences? No, it would be a mere
breach of contract similar to the present case, and he never
before knew of such a scheme as this for construing a breach of
contract into a charge of receiving money under false pretences.
The defendant (O'Neill bore an excellent character as clerk
to Mr. Byrnes, and if they gave a verdict against hint for re-
ceiving money under false pretences, the young man's cha-
racter would be damned for ever, and he would be incapable of
procuring, with such a stigma on his reputation, a situation in
any merchant's counting-house; he therefore hoped that a
favourable verdict would. be returned. He (Mr. Venables)
could not understand why the cause was tried in the Borough
Court at all. The transaction took place at the end of July,
and the Lancaster assizes were held in August; then why was
not the cause brought forward at Lancaster, so as to deliver
the parties immediately, and allow Magee to get to his desti-
nation, and save Isis expenses to the parish ? fle thought the
case a most fit one for the assizes, as being the first on record
in which a breach of contract was construed into a charge of
obtaining money.under false pretences. This Mr. Low is said
to have been sent by government, then why was he not put
into the witness box to give evidence of his appointment, and
to explain why the case was not taken to the assizes, and the
reason that Magee and his fatuity were sent to the Workhouse?
Had the charge been for a breach of contract, he (Mr. Venas
hies) doubted - whether an 'action- could' have bob-ft-sustained,
seeing that the business had been settled with the man with
whom the breach had been committed, and, under all the cir-
cumstances of the case, lie felt assured that the jury would
acquit the defendant.
The learned counsel having concluded his observations, the
recorder summed up the evidence with mach perspicuity, re-
marking that the evidence for the prosecution had been given
with great fairness and impartiality; after which the jury,
without a moment's hesitation, returned a verdict of Guilty
against both the prisoners.
Mr. Raincock said that there was another charge against the
prisoners, of a similar nature, wherein Ganegan, the person be-
fore alluded to, was the person who had been defrauded, and he
would have been brought up as a witness in the last case, had
they not thouhrht that the evidence of Magee would be perfectly
conclusive. they, however, would-not put the other case
against the prisoners, as the termination of the first would satisfy
.
the ends of ustice.
The learned Recorder, in addressing the prisoners, said that
the evidence of the fraud against them was, in his mind, per-
fectly conclusive, and an intelligent jury had entertained the
same opinion. He was not aware that many deceptions of the
kind were practised, but if there were, he hoped that this would
operate as a warning. Hethen sentenced O'Neil to six months'
imprisonment in the House of Correction, at Kirkdale, and
Foy to three months, in the same prison.
[We understand that the expenses of Magee and his family,
at the Workhouse, are not defrayed out of the poor's rate, but
by Government, and that the amount of their support since
July will be between £lB and £20.1
tin TURN-OUTS.—The business of the sessions concluded
with the trials of the turn-out workmen belonging to the trades'
union, who were indicted for having riotously and tumultuously
assembled to obstruct other workmen, and preventing them
from following their employment. Their names were Nicholas
Ellwood, John-Clegg, James Moorccoft, Jvhn Swales, and Thomas
Williams; there was also an indictment for a conspiracy -against
the prisoners. The facts as disclosed at the trial were simply
those which have previously appeared in print. It appeared
that at various times the prisoners had' congregated about the
buildings in the course of erection by. Messrs. Holmes, the
builders, and others in the same trade, in September last, and
some by violence and others by bad language towards the opera-
tives in employment, had endeavoured to intimidate them from
proceeding with their work. The whole of this, of course, arose
from those men who were in work, accepting situations without
agreeing to the monstrously unjust and absurd conditions re-
_
quired irons them by the -body of oper..tives styled the "trades'
union." Some of the prisoners had been very violent in throwing
brickbats and stones at those who possessed sufficient common
sense to accept 2-Is. per week (the regular wages,) and go
to work instead of meddling with the contracts and other busi-
ness of their masters. Nicholas Ellwood, one of the prisoners,
a blacksmith, in the employment of Messrs. Gladstone and
Eddowes, who had nothing whatever to do with the unionists,
on one occasion proved the most violent, and nearly dept iced
a. young man, named Beattie, a bricklayer, of the use of his
right hand from the force of a brick which lie threw at him.—
Mr. Holmes, the builder, in giving evidence, detailed the ab-
surd demands which were made by the workmen, and which
had caused the trade to be so long in a state of abeyance ; at
one time he received notice from the union that they had come
to a determination that the masters should not contract for
buildings, and consequently the works at the Lock Hospital
and the Infirmary were to be stopped. The jury found them all
GUilty„ and the Recorder sentenced each to six months' impri-
sonment in Lancaster Castle,_ which punishment it is hoped
will operate as a caution to others.
Boardman, the man convicted of bigamy, was sentenced to
eighteen months' imprisonment in Lancaster Castle.

STATEMENT OF SUPPLY, EXPORTS, AND STOCKS
OF COTTON FOR THE tJNITED STATES.

Charleston, 21th September, 1833.

Crop of 1832-3—Received to 21st September at

New Orleans .
Dlobile.

. , 393,781*
.. 129.193

Savannah 12,512 S. Island 222,7081-
Charleston 22,709 do. 193,0101-
Virginia, North Carolina,
and Florida 2lB do.

Total receipts to 21st September 1,029,133
Stocks Ist October, 1832.. 41,599

Total supply on 21st September, 18.33.. ..1,070,732
* Exclusive of quantity burned (1315 bales,) and also re-
ceived from Mobile (1383 bales) included in exports from the

t 26,158 bales from Savannah to Charleston, included in ex-
ports from the latter.

Crop of 1832-3—Exported up to 21st September, to
Great Britain 28,858 S. Island ..... . • 612,907
France .
Other foreign ports

839,235

Stocks remaining 21st September,
In southern ports, about 6,000
And in northern ports, supposed about 28,000 34,000

873,235
Would leave the quantity taken for home use, about.. 197,497

1,070,732

ESTIMATED PROBABLE EXTENT OF TIIE SUPPLY FOR THE

NEXT SEASON.

From Louisiana, Mississippi, and
Tennessee, the latest advices are
rather favourable for large crops
but it is claimed that a conside-
rable diminution in the supply
may be expected, from the great
mortality • amongst the negroes
by cholera, &c. ; therefore, tak-
ing the full extent of last year's
crop, will give from
From Alabama, Florida, Georgia,
and throughout the interior of
this state, all accounts coincide
in a very great falling off in the
prospects since early in August,
owing to heavy rains following a
long drought, which again were
followed by a burning sun, scald-
ing the plant and causing much
fruit to drop; therefore, take last
year as the fullest average al-
lowed, say from

Mobile
Savannah

The South-Carolina crops are repre-
sented to have suffered peculiarly
from the above causes; and the
Florida crop is also expected to fall Charleston 190,000
short of last year, 'as the Cotton Virginia,
planting is less attended to than North-Carolina,?- 80,000
Sugar; and the ravages of the Red and Floritla, 3

Bug have been very destructive in
Western Florida to Cotton.

1,025,000

Probable Stocks, Ist October, 1832,
say same as on 21st September,..

31,000

Probable extreme extent of supply
_fur 1833-31

1,059,000

In estimating the probable extent of the supply from South
Carolina and GeOrgia, allowance is made for an equal quantity
of Sea-Islands as last year ; this, however, is asserted generally
by planters to be impossible, and that under the most favourable
circumstances of weather, &c. from this time, 30,000 bags is a
full allowance.
The foregoing cotton estimate for the ensuing season, has
been taken from the latest advices from the various sections of
the country, and gives rather a more favourable view than
otherwise, of the probable quantity; many persons who possess
good means of information, reduce the probable growth from 50
to 75,000 bales, but for six weeks to come, nothing positive can
be ascertained, as the crops may easily be improved or dete-
riorated 10 per cent. from their present appearance, as the sea-
son may prove more or less favourable.
Of new Uplands from 500 to 600 baleihave been received
and found a ready sale here; present prices from 16 to 161 for
good fair to very fine ; the quality is uncommonly handsome;
nothing only fair has yet been received.
Rice holds steady at 2-1 to 31 dollars, the crop nearly all in,
and of good quality.
Liverpool freights g to Id. Exchange on London, 61 to 7
per cent. Paris, sf. 35c. to 40c.

LARGE FigH.—On Tuesiay morning some flatmen observed
a fish, of extraordinary dimensions, layin„o• in shoal water, on
the shore near Garstdn. An attempt was directly made to take
the monster. This, however, cost the party concerned more
trouble than they at first anticipated, but after some• hours' la-
bour it was killed. The fish was then made fast to the flat and
floated down the river to Mr. Drinkwater's wharf, King's
Dock. It is said to be of the porpoise tribe, and measures
twenty-five feet in length and twelve feet round the thickest
part of the body.

ROBBERY.—On Wednesday morning last, by some means or
other at present unknown, some practised thief, probably an
acquittal from the sessions, contrived to gain entrance to the
shop of Mr. J. Walley, silk mercer; Paradise-street, and stole
therefrom a quantity of silks, consisting of seven lengths
Gros de Naples, colours, fawn,ftlavender, light brown, dark
drab, and blue, with which he got clear off,
PASSENGERS IN THE PACKET SHIP GEORGE WASHINGTON,
FRONI NEW YORK.—ARRIVED ON WEDNESDAY.—Mr. Degroot,
Lady, and two children, Miss Degroot, Mrs. Vernon, Mr. Mott
and Lady, Miss L. Mott, Mr. Thornton, Lady, and Son,
Messrs.. Leslie, Wooster, Mordecai; Thornburne, Bartlett,
Davies, Adkins, Graham, Hall, Cardwell, Knowen, Wehb,
Wallenburg, Bacon, Bill, and Allen.
BURGLARIES.—On Wednesday night last some thieves suc-
ceeded in breaking iato the house of Mrs. Reynolds, a washer-
woman, situate at Hathersage, about five miles from Liverpool,
and took away wearing apparel, the property of ladies and gen.
tlemeu residing in Liverpool, to a considerable amount, with
which they got clear off. Amongst the property carried away
was a quantity of baby linen, together with sheets, shirts, petti-
coats, drawers, stockings, &e., several marked as follows :
Ann Woodhouse, A.W., S.A.S. M.W.S., M.S., Eliza Har-
greaves, E.H. H., E.S., M. Allen, E.M.R., E. Mather Ro-
berts, E.E.C., Adriana Wyatt, E. B. Buddicom, C.P.
Buddicom, Jessie L. Cuthbcrtson, T. Towne, Baldwin, T.M.S.,
Tipton, Nickson, Threlfall, M.S. Waters, p.T.s., T.E.S.,
J. Lace, H. Lace, E. Lace, A. H. Cooper, and A.M.H. It is
supposed that the burglars gained admission at the back part
of the premises, as the back window was found open.—Ori the
same night, in the same village, the house of another washer-
woman, named Ann Boardman, was also broken open, supposed
to be by the same villains, and a large quantity of clothes, en-
trusted to Mrs. Boardman to wash, belonging to various people,
were stolen. No clue to the thieves has vet been discovered.—
On the same night an attempt was made to enter the shop of
Mr. Charles Pain, hatter, of Byrom-street, by breaking open
the lobby door leading to the back part of the premises, but
they were overheard in their work by a girl near the house, and
the villains decamped without effecting their purpose.
'CITY OF DUBLIN STEAM COMPANY.—Our contemporary,
the Courier, has been led into an error in speaking of the Dub-
lin Steam Company, that a dividend of 31 per cent. had been
declared, instead of 21, as formerly. The dividend declared,
we are informed, was £3 per cent. for seven months, their late
act having thrown the half-year settlement one mouth later than
usual. With respect to the prospects of the Company, report
speaks favourably, and that the extension of the inland naviga-
tion in Ireland, which the Company. are proceeding with, has
given more certainty to their operations : by insuring a large
portion of trade from the interior, their prospects am much im-
proved; and have been productive of a small increase of dividend
already. The Company have lately got an amended act, au-
thorizing the raising additional capital for the extension of their
inland trading intercourse. The custom of the Company has
been for many years to pay a dividend of but 5 per cent., appor-
tioning the remainder of the profit to the freighters; giving a
return of 20 per cent. to contractors; and also a bonus of 121
per cent. to shareholders. By this plan, the trading perma-
nence of the Company is cured; and the profits, beyond the re-
serve fund, and the dividend of 5 per cent., are divided among
those who support the establishment -by their yearly freights.
There is certainly some novelty in this mode of proceeding ;
and, however it may suit a Steam-boat Company, who look to
their own shareholders for support, it is not perhaps so appli-
cable to railroads and otherjoint stock companies. Were it
possible, however (and we here throw out the hint advisedly),
to extend a little of this policy into the system of our Manchester
Railway Company, its ultimate value might not disappoint its
directors. At present those who use the railroad, should they
be shareholders, have no advantage over any other class. A
little of the policy which the Steam-boat Company have so suc-
cessfully adopted would attach the merchants to their own
mode of conveyance. A bonus of this description on freight, to
shareholders, as such, would be a strong temptation to traders,
and often turn the scale in favour of a railroad over a water
conveyance.—Gore's Paper.
William Cotter Kyle, LL.D., vicar-general of the diocese of
Cork and Ross, has appointed the Rev. John Quarry, LL.D.
to the office of surrogate.—Cork Evening Herald.
The Bishop of Cloyne, Dr. Brinkley, has subscribed ten
pounds for the repairs of some Roman Catholic Chapels in his
diocese;—this is kind. Pray, is Dr. Brinkley on the look out
for prefrment from the Pope, when the Irish Church Establish-
ment shall he demolished? We should like to know how much
Dr. Doyle has given to the New Church Fund in England?—
Age.
• NUMBER OF BEGGARS.—The number of beggars in Europe
is computed at seventeen millions. The population is 178 mil-
lions; we suppose that this proportion is 3 to 100 in Denmark;
14 to 100 in Holland; 16 t0..100 in England.—Visitor of the Poor.
GOETHE'S LOVE OF ORDER.—Every thing that was sent out
in writing—the smallest note of invitation—must be written,
folded, and sealed, with the greatest possible care, neatness,
and elegance. Every thing unsymmetrical—the slightest blot
or scratch—was intolerable to, him. His enjoyment from the
sight of the most beautiful engraving was disturbed if lie saw
it awkwardly handled, or at all crumpled; for all that sur-
.rounded him, and all that proceeded from him, must be in
unison with the symmetry and clearness of his inner percep-
tiolis. and nothing must he allowed to trouble the harmony of
Characteri,ties of Goethe.

THE DUBLIN UNIVERSIIT MAGAZINE

The perusal of the 'Noveniber number of-this rising
Magazine will, We think, afford its readers no small de-
gree of gratification. The principal article consists of
some excellent observations on the Bishdp of Limerick's
" Life and Remains of Dr. Phelan,." of whom it is said,
" whatever Dr.- Philpotts was in the sister country during
the" agitation of the Catholic question, he was in his
own; and, had he lived in better times, it would not
have been altogether in vain that the sophistry and mis 7
representation of the most plausible and audacious of all
the stirrers up of sedition in this unhappy land, received
from his last pen the keenest rebuke and the completest

e•zposure."
The " Literary Reform" is a clever jen &esprit, in
the phraseology and form of an Act of Parliament, con-
sisting of forty clauses, the first of which provides
1. That to prevent the recurrence of sundry lamentable evils
that are daily observed to flow from the publication of books
utterly void of, and wholly uninformed with taste, sense, or
knowledge, it shall in future, that is to say, from the day of the
passing of these presents, be unlawful and criminal, and a high
crime and misdemeanour, for any person or persons, - male or
female, to practise the calling, crafty trade, or profession of
authorship, save and except such person or persons shall be
possessed of, and endowed with, some portion or portions, mea-
sure or measures, grain or grains, of the qualifications afore-
said, that is to say, taste, sense, and knowledge. *
7. And whereas it is very usual and a daily practice for
authors and authoresses to procure by certain corrupt methods
and artifices the insertion in divers reviews, magazines, news-
papers, and other periOdical publications of laudatory critiques
by their own pens, written upon their own books or productions,
intermingled with glowing panegyrics and encomiums upon
their Own talents and abilities, and whereas such authors and
authoresses arc not in general the most trustworthy and un-
biased judge's of their own literary -merits or demerits, it is
hereby enacted that henceforward said practice shall be deemed
a high literary misdemeanour, and shall subject the offender to
the punishment at present by law attached to common swin-
dling.
14. And whereas there now is in common and vulgar use, in
publications of all kinds, but more .particularly newspapers, a
certain establihed and fixed set of quotations, many taken
from the ancient classic authors, but most from Shakspeare,
Milton, Pope, and other writers of renown in our own tongue,
which quotations, albeit in themselves excellent, and often
marvellously apt in their application,,sbave notwithstanding
grown stale and wearisome by reason of their unceasing recur-
rence, be it hereby enacted, that said set of quotations shall,
from and after the passing of this act, be relieved and respited,
and suffered to rest in peace, and a fresh detachment from the
same or other authors be picked out and ordered upon duty.
15. But nothing in the foregoing clause contained shall be
taken or construed,. so as to prevent, impede, let, hinder, or
in any wise Obstruct Daniel O'Connell, Esq. M.P. in the free
use, upon all occasions' and in all speeches or letters by him
delivered or written, and in the course of any single speech or
letter, as often as to him shall seem meet and proper, of a cer-
tain passage, or extract from certain poems, commonly called
Moore's Irish Melodies, to wit,
" Great, glorious, and free,
First flower of earth,, and first gem of the sea."
as from said Irish melodies, reference being thereto had, will
more plainly appear.
*
24. All editors and conductors of Reviews, Magazines, News-
papers, and other similar publications, shall heneeforward be
deemed unqualified for their situations or functions, unless
they the said editors and conductors shall have been initiated
into the rudiments of a liberal education.
25. All sub-editors shall at least be required to read and
write; but nothing in this or in the previous clause contained
is in any manner or wise intended to affect or to apply to a
certain class of periodicals commonly called Annuals.
* •
3>3. Any historian found practising the calling or mystery of
a scavenger or dustman, or any epic poet detected cleaning
shoes, or any professor of ethics caught picking pockets, or any
lecturer on astronomy or other sublime science discovered vend-
ing gingerbread or exhibiting Punch and Judy, shall be forth-
with degraded from the high and honourable vocation of letters,
nor shall any plea of distress, indigence, penury, or hunger be
allowed or received on -behalf of any person -himself so de-
meaning, lowering, and exposing. *
If the reader be desirous of turning from the gay to
the grave, we advise him to peruse attentively "A Dia-
logue between the Head and Heart of an Irish Protest-
ant," which opens thus
D.—Y on are in an unreasonably bad temper.
liEART.-1 am in a bad temper, and somewhat dangerous,
but. not unreasonable. Have 1 not.. good cause to be in a bad
temper ? Here are we, the loyal protestant gentry of Ireland,
by whose attachment to the law, and the church, and the crown,
this Island has for two hundred and fifty years, (ever since its
actual conquest,) been preserved to the British Empire. We,
by whom three dangerous rebellions have already been put down
in this realm, and who would be ready to put down another in
the same cause, were it to burst out to-morrow. Here are we, I
say, who are the controllers of popery; the safeguards of British
connection; the guarantees of the empire's integrity; the most
respectable body of men for our members, in all Euroye, whe-
ther we be considered with regard to wealth, industry, intellect,
position, or absolute power; here are we, I say again, who in a
word, are the arbiters of Britain's fate, deceived, insulted,
spoiled, and set at defiance.
HEAD.—Softly ; softly. The whigs still love our church,
though they have been her involuntary spoliators. They cannot
be such fools as not to value our friendship, though they have
much against their design estranged our affections. See, now
of late, whets they perceived to what a miserable state we are
reduced, through their mismanagement, have they not sacrificed
their pride of principle, and exposed themselves to the charges
of hypoCrisy, and tyranny, for our sake ? -
HEART.—'They have sacrificed no principle who never had
any. They have done nothing for our sake, who never had an
aim beyond the gratification of their own political conceits. Is
it for our sake, that we are exposed to as much of the indignity
of their bill, as the vilest clamours of the Arena ? Is it for our
sake, that we dare no more meet than a mob ? Is it for our sake,
.that we, are denied even the use of their bill's authority, for the
collection of our rightful property.?
Ilaan.—Surely it is something in our favour, to he able to lie
down without the fear of having our houses burned, or our
throats cut before morning. It is something for a Man to be
able to walk from his.own door to his place of worship, without
risk of being shot at from behind his father's tombstone. It is
something for a Man to get his rents, too; and the privilege of
setting one's lands to tenants of one's own choosing, is also
something. The bill was unconstitutional, and galling; but it
has had the effect desired. It. has tranquillized tue country.
HEART.—Tranquillity; do you call it? The tranquillity of
fear for an unjust power, is more than open violence. It is
either manhood prostrated, or deeper malice concealed. Yet
you will never cease taunting me with our tranquillity. Go
taunt the plundered traveller with the quiet comforts of his gag ;
We regret that our space compels us to limit our ex-
tracts from this article to the following concluding pass-
ages of the Dialogue :
HEAD.—It is fair and natural that all gallant spirits should
sympathize with one another; nor can I blame the brave man
who recognizes as admirable a courage in Shane O'Neill as in
Harry Percy—they both were very valiant rebels—so was Hugh
Tyrone ' • perhaps as good a captain as Claverhouse or Montrose.
Owen Itoe was a famous general, and a brave gentleman ; but
remember, I beseech you, had they succeeded, we had not been
here. Had they succeeded, the Irish to-day would have been
fit rivals of the Greeks or Portuguese—as it is, they are a great
part of a great empire. So much for the injustice of English
interference.
Hs:arm—lt is not of English interference they complain.—
Their great outcry is against English misgovernment.
HEAD.—That is because they have not the candour or the
courage to declare the true cause of their indignation. They
talk of seven centuries of misgovernment: now, for more than
four out of these seven hundred years this is absolutely false.—
Up to the time of Elizabeth there was in reality no government
to mismanage. Till then, the English could scarce govern them-
selves, much less a turbulent and angry neighbour; and, had the
Irish been Armed of the stuff to make a nation, they had, every
year of that time, an opportunity on more than equal terms of
asserting their right to govern themselves—nay, of actually be-
coming the dominant island of the two. Could they have done
so, had they possessed elements of a nation, then the English
would have been, indeed, the dog in the manger, and the charge
of misgovernment, or rather of government prevented, might
stand; but let any man of common discretion look at any dis-
trict either within or without the pale, to inquire whether or no,
during all that time, it needed, or could spare protection, and
whether he directs his attention to the stone castle of the Hi-
bernicised Baron, who lived by Coign and Livery, or to the
timber Dun of the native Chieftains, supported by Bonaghts and
Cuttings, or to the forest, or the mountain cavern of the free-
booter, subsisting by the plunder of his neighbour's cattle, he
will find in all ranks and classes, and amongall varieties of men,
the same selfish clanship, the same contracted tyranny and blind
savage levity, which, from Castle Dun and Cave will give him
full assurance over all the island, that till the time of Elizabeth,
Ireland possessed nowhere either the will or the power of go-
verning herself. After Elizabeth's time, indeed, that question
may admit of argument; but much or little as they may have
had, the English have always had more. Whether that power
has been too laxly or too strictly exercised since Ireland's actual
government began, I leave any reasonable man to gather from
the fact, that, during its most vigorous operation we prospered
exactly in proportion to our late decay under its relaxing in-
fluence.
HEART.—Protestant ascendancy was indeed a noble scheme
and worthy a great politician; vet, as in the misfortunes of our
best friends, there is still something pleasing to us, I can extract
even from its overthrow some comfortable solace in the thought
that, while we escape our own responsibility, others undergo the
risk of an experiment which, if it fail, will justify us to the
world, and if it succeed will benefit our country. For the sake
of the latter event, I could well submit to the substantiation of
all the charges against us.
HEAD.—rod grant that it may have such an issue. But I
cannot say that I submit to a consequence of it, which never
can take place : Irish prosperity under the new system, would in
no way fix an imputation on the old. Our modern theorists
have sprung into existence with the steam-engine and the rail-
road. Whatever these effect, they. will lay claim to, and whatever
good be the consequence of their Joint influence, they must share
its reputation together.
HEART.—After all, they are neither steam engines, railroads,
nor canals, that make a great people. They are the effect, not
the cause. The Romans were the nation of the gown before a
stone was laid in the via Appia. Magna Charta will outlast
the reform bill, although Watling-street was the only paved
road that rung to the tramp of the assembling barons. Our
own volunteers are not altogether eclipsed by the trades' union,
even though, in these enlightened times, no empty truck-boat,
crossed once a week the utilitized Bog of Allen. The men and
the cause make the great' people, and no instrumenj so worthy as
the strong hand.
Man.—lf the question were to be so arbitrated, come two to
one, and welcome: but our enemy's boast is, that that day's
gone by. We must fight our battle now with a handful of types
and a composing-stick, pages like this our field, and the reading
public our whiter of war. Yet even here, although the odds
are so fearfully against us, we will take our stand upon the
sacred mount whence Luther and Calvin thrust down the baffled
thunders of Rome, and at the foot of which the traitor and the
treason lay crushed, and once despairing under the virtuous
energies of Burke.
HEART.—WeII said ! You enlarge and gratify me. I burn
with an ardour as holy as that which might have filled me on the
embattled banks of Boyne. • Let us go up together, and unfurl
the old flag from the iummit : and assail it who may, be lie
Papist or Protestant, Whig, Tory, or Radical, you shall have
courage, and fortitude; and hope unfailing in its defence, while
I have a drop of blood from which to gather them. Nay (for