The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-02-07 00:00:00

Duties received on Corn in 1841 amounted to £33,095
Do

Increase in 1842

Duties received on coals in 1841
Do.

Increase in 1812

E 35,915

£8,122
28,528

£20,406

DICKENS'S NOTES AND PEASE'S• CANDY.—The follow-
ing appeared as an advertisement in the Charleston Courier:
—"I have the only Notes of Dickens to be found in the town
—price 25 cents. I have also just received a fresh lot of
Pease's celebrated Candy for coughs and colds; mind it is
very essential that this article he kept fresh. It loses its virtue
after a while. I keep the only fresh article. I had a lot of
Artist monthly yesterday ; but they are gone—gone. It was
beautiful. I can't buy enough of these things with my small
means. I want a partner with 5,000 or 10,000 hard dollars—
ready cash. If any man wants a fortune, why here's a
chance. I have a few of the Ladies' book, Ladies' Com-
panion, and World of Fashion, for December ; Musical Li-
brsry ; Loco foco matches ; Vivian Grey, by D'lsraeli ;
Shaving Soap, a fine article ; Puffer Hopkins, by Cornelius
Matthews ; excellent Blacking—cheap ; the Miser's Daugh-
ter, by Ainsworth ; Brandreth's Pills ; Liebig's Animal and
Angricultural Chemistry ; and some excellent Pens, at the
Old Curiosity Shop, 95, East Bay."
CRAB CATCHING.—We soon perceived two men in a
small craft, who seemed quite unconscious that " the flaming
chariot of the world's great eye" was now almost upon them.
Their little boat hung motionless on the then waveless mirror
of the bay, in about ten feet depth of water; and after for a
minute or thereby holding their faces close upon the surface,
they seemed suddenly to pull a long pole out of the water,
with something adhering to its extremity. We soon found
they were taking advantage of the glassy stillness of the
water to overlook the early walks of the crabs. They no
sooner saw these crusty crustaceans on the sub Aqueous sand
than they poked them behind with their long staves,—the
crabs turned round to revenge the indignity, and, like Russia❑
Bens-d'artnes, seized upon the unsuspecting poles. These
latter were lightly shaken by the fishermen, as in pain or
terror ; the angry creatures clung all the closer, and were
then rapidly hoisted into the boat. The moral we drew at
the time, and have since maintained, was, that neither• crab
nor Christian should ever lose his temper.— Wilson's Voyage
round the Coasts of Scotland.

A FROSTY MORNING.—What better time for driving, rid-
ing, walking, moving through the air by any means, than a
fresh frosty morning, when hope runs cheerily through the
veins with the brisk blood, and tingles in the frame from head
to foot? This was the glad commencement of a bracing day
in early winter, such as may put the languid summer season
(speaking of it when it can't be had) to the blush, and shame
the spring for being sometimes cold by halves. The sheep
bells rang as clearly in the vigorous air as if they felt its
wholesome influence like living creatures ; the trees, in lieu
of leaves or blossoms, shed upon the ground a frosty rime
that sparkled as it fell, and might have been the dust of dia-
monds. Froth cottage chimneys smoke went streaming up
high, high, as if the earth had lost its grossness. being so fair,
and must not be oppressed by vapour. The crust of ice on
the else rippling brook was so transparent and so thin in tex-
ture, that the lively water might, of its own free will, have
stopped to look upon the lovely morning; and lest the sun
should break this charm too eagerly, there moved between
him and the ground a mist, like that which waits upon the
moon on summer nights,and wooed him to dissolve it gently.
—Martin Chuzzlewit, No. 2.

AN UNGAZZETTED TRAIT AT GHUZNEE.—WhiIe the
Affghans were disputing our entrance into the citadel, an ac-
cident occurred which for a moment diverted the attention
of the combatants, and turned their fury into pity. Amongst
the foremost of the party who signalised themselves by their
desperate gallantry was an aged chieftain, the richness of
whose costume excited general attention, his turban and
weapons being resplendent with jewels. The hope of plun-
der immediately marked him out as an object of attack, and
numbers at once assailed him. lie defended himself like a
man who knew there was no chance of life, but who was re-
solved to sell it as dearly as he could. He had killed several
of the Queen's Royals, and severely wounded Captain
Robinson, when a grenadier of the company to which the
latter belonged, seeing his officer in danger, rushed to his
assistance, and with a bayonet thrust brought the gallant old
chieftain to the ground. The grenadier was about to despatch
him, when a beautiful girl, about seventeen, threw herself
into the melee, and plunged a dagger into his breast. She
then cast herself on the body of the chieftain, for the purpose
of protecting it; and the Affghans, forming a sort of ram-
part before them, maintained their ground until the heroic
girl succeeded in getting it conveyed into the interior of the
citadel. Shortly after the place was taken she was found
weeping over the remains of the brave old man, who, on in-
quiry, we learned was her father. She was treated with the
utmost respect and tenderness by our men, who neither ob-
truded themselves on her grief nor offered any interruption to
the preparations which she made for his interment.—Serge-
ant-Major Taylor's Scenes in Afghanistan.
THE CHRISTIAN GENTLEMAN.—The character of a Chris-
tian gentleman is thus sketched by Dr. Bethume, of Phila-
delphia, in a recent oration before the Porter Rhetorical So-
ciety of Andover, Massachusetts, entitled " The Eloquence
of the Pulpit, with illustrations from St. Paul :—" Can I be
wrong in saying that a Christian preacher should be the high-
est style of gentleman ? Not one of those polished hypo-
crites, fashioned by the tailor, dancing master, and hair
dresser, who usurp the name ; covering coldness of heart with
pretence of friendship ; flattering to cajole; bowing where
they feel no respect, and promising service while they intend
to abandon, circumvent, or destroy, But a gentleman in the
true sense of that honourable term, firm in high principle, and
dignified by integrity ; frank without bluntness, kind without
flattery, gentle without weakness, exact without formality,
charitable without show ; free from affectation, egotism, or im-
pertinence; ever mindful of his:neighbour's feelings, tolerant
of his infirmities, and patient with his mistakes ; never intru-
sive nor yet bashful, tempering his speech to the occasion, ready
to give place to the older, the wiser, the stranger and the
more feeble ; yielding scrupulous respect to authority, not
ashamed of allegiance to God, and serving his fellow men for
God's sake; a gentleman not in outward garb only, though
of that not careless from deference to the world and him-
self ; not in a mere phrase or form, though in these seeking
to propitiate ; not in education or accomplishment, though
despising no worthy aid to his social influence; nor from
station or pursuit in life, but in heart, purpose and conduct,
recommending virtue by an example without obtrusion, and
religion without sanctimony; rebuking scandal, profaneness,
and impurity, by well-measured remonstance, or silent with.
drawal ; anxious to please that be may do good, but giving
no countenance to evil through fear or favour of man."

CORRESPONDENCE

TO THE MEMBERS OF THE " HEALTH COM-
MITTEE" OF THE TOWN COUNCIL OF LIVER-
POOL.

GENTLEMEN,—My principal motive for thus addressing
you,—a desire for the common weal of this great town, must
be my apology for the liberty I take in so doing ; not that I
would for a moment suppose you were unwilling to exert
yourselves to the utmost for the benefit of the inhabitants of
Liverpool, hut from the nature of the occupations of the ma-
jority of you, you may not feel inclined to go so minutely
into detail as 1, in my Professional ranaritv have felt it nn

J y.... ,apcmity. 1111 VG lc. it 11,/
less a duty than a pleasure to do, and, indeed such is human
nature, that, as a very talented author has tritely written,
" It is not that we are so ignorant, (on these subjects,) but
that we require to be frequently reminded of what we do
know." But revenons a nos moutons.

In accepting the office, you have incurred a great responsi-
bility, but at the same time you. will, individually and collec-
tively, have more opportunity for benefitting your fellow-
creatures by the prevention of disease and death, than if you
were to subscribe your hundreds of pounds annually for the
mere alleviation of suffering entailed by neglect of proper
s measures.

On reference to the report of the Registrar-General it will
he found that the average mortality throughout England and
Wales is 21 in every thousand of the population annually,
and of these deaths, 56,461 were caused by endemic, epide-
mic, and contagious diseases, the greater proportion of which,
according to Mr. Chadwick, the able secretary of the Com-
missioners, are proved to be preventible; thus reducing the
mortality to rather more than 18 in every thousand. The
same authority states that " the slaughter in England and
Wales from preventible causes of typhus attacking persons in
the vigour of life is double the amount of what was suffered
by the allied armies at the battle of Waterloo." It will be
within the memory of many now living, when similar diseases
prevailed to a greater extent at sea, but these have since been
prevented by sanitary regulations, and when such diseases
did prevail in ships of war, the deaths from them were more
than double in amount of the deaths in battle.

If these melancholy facts are startling as regards the nation
at large, how much more so are they, and how loudly do
they call for your interference and assistance, when applied
to Liverpool, where the mortality instead of being 18 or 21
per thousand per annum, amounts to more than 33 per thou-
sand per annum, or where, in other words, a thirtieth part of
the population is annually swept away.
In a previous letter to the working classes I there gave a
tabular account of the relative mortality in Liverpool and the
county of Rutland ; and as it may not have had that inspec-
tion which its importance demands, I shall subjoin it for your
information :

Average age at death.
Liverpool. Rutland.
Professional persons, gentry, and their 135 52
families .
Tradesmen and families 22 41
Labourers, mechanics, &c 15!! 38
By this table you will find, that although the greatest waste
of life is amongst the lower classes, yet the same noxious
causes which produce such baneful effects on them, tend to
shorten the space of your own lives ; as in my last letter to
the artizans of Liverpool, I pointed out to them two classes
of causes which shortened their lives, one which were under
your control, and the other under their own. I beg to refer
you to that letter, or 1 might sum up what 1 would say in a
few words. If the provisions of the act of parliament which
ordains your appointment are carried out promptly and ener-
getically, you will diminish the deaths in Liverpool by 700 or
800 per annum ; and every day which passes over your heads,
(until the crowded cellars are evacuated, the filthy courts and
back streets cleansed and ventilated, the unpaved and ill-
drained streets put into proper condition), dooms at least
two fellow-mortals to an untimely grave, leaving, in many
instances, widowed mothers of starving children ; for it is a
melancholy fact, that a large proportion of fatal typhus
cases are those of men in the vigour of life; and I would re-
mind you, that when scarlet fever has acquired a certain in-
tensity, by being fostered, and by nestling in the close un-
wholesome dwellings of the poor, all the precautions which
a rich man can take will not suffice to keep the destroyer
from his door. This fact must be painfully recognised by
many whose families suffered during the epidemic scarlatina
which raged a few years ago.
I would, therefore, appeal to you respectfully, but strongly,
—in tile name of common humanity, by the love which you
bear for your own children, by the tears of the bereaved
widow, by the cries of the motherless children of the poor,—
lose not a day in making use of those means which Providence
has placed within your reach for the prevention of so much
suffering.

London, before the great fire of 1666, had few drains in
the narrow and overhanging streets, and the consequence was,
a pestilence occurring at intervals of about twelve years, each
destroying, upon an average, about one-fourth of the popu-
lation.

Edinburgh, which, from its situation, should be a healthy
town, is the seat of frequent epidemics of fever, &c. owing to
the old parts of the town (which were built before the import-
ance of drainage was understood in Britain,) being densely
inhabited by the lower classes; and Glasgow, which is a per-
fect hot-bed of typhus, and of the most malignant character,
owes its unfortunate notoriety in this respect to the same
causes.

As a proof of the value of drainage, 1 would quote from the
Commissioners' Report, some evidence given by Mr. Baker,
an eminent medical man, and a member of the Town Coun-
cil of Leeds—he says, "in one of the streets of Leeds, where
stagnant waters used frequently to accumulate after rain, and
where there was frequently occurring fever of a malignant
character, a deputation of females waited upon me in my ca-
pacity of town councillor, to ask if any remedy could be ap-
plied to this nuisance, which they declared was not only
offensive, but deadly, 1 directed them to communicate with
the owner of the property, and to say that if the grievance
was not remedied I should take further steps to enforce it.
Never hearing again from the deputation, I presumed that
the remedy had been applied, and had forgotten the circum-
stance, until the House Surgeon of the Fever Hospital, in
1841, in noticing the localities from whence fever cases were
most frequently brought to the hospital, remarked that, for-
merly many cases of malignant fever were brought from
street, but for two or three years there had been none, or
not more than one or two."

With regard to cellars, there are, according to Dr. Dun.
can, upwards of 8,000 inhabited in Liverpool ; and according
to the report of your surveyors, " upwards of 3,000 of these
are either wet, or damp, and nearly one-third of the whole
number (examined by them) are from five to six feet below
the level of the street," the inhabitants consequently breath-
ing the air which has to pass over the oozy slime, and foetid
water, generally accumulated in the channel, within a foot
or two of their doorway.

You will, I have no doubt, at first meet with some opposi-
tion from the very people whom you wish to benefit, for it is
a well recognised fact, that persons inhabiting dirty and
ruinous houses soon become " of a piece" with their habita-
tions, and that long habitude makes them cease to feel the
various dangers and discomforts with which they are sur-
rounded. Another class of opponents, at first, to your mea-
sures, will perhaps be the cottage owners, but, as I purpose
ere long addressing some remarks on the subject to them,
and showing them how they also will be benefitted, I hope
when they find that their interests will be advanced by doing
their duty to their tenants, they will cease to oppose your
" sanitary regulations." With best wishes for success in your
undertaking, I beg to subscribe myself

MEDICUS ACHATES

A curious suicide, says the Memorial de Rouen, took place
on the 28th of January, at Vernon. M. R—, a gentleman
of good fortune, 47 years of age, not having made his ap-
pearance as usual, one of the lodgers, uneasy at his absence,
went up stairs and knocked at his door. Receiving no an-
swer, he sent for the commissary of police, who had the door
forced. In the room were placed five braziers for charcoal;
on the bed was the lifeless body of M. R—. On a sheet
of paper, lying on the table, were written these words :—" It
is twelve o'clock—l cannot die—it is dreadful! My head is
heavy—l suffer—and yet I am still alive ! I breathe more
freely—the fires have gone out—l must relight them—l feel
dreadful pains in my head ! Is it at last death ? My God !
My God !" It is said that failure in a commercial specula-
tion was the cause of this suicide.

ASTRONOMICAL. NOTICES FOR 1843.—Mercury, the nearest
known planet to the Sun, may be seen near the western hori-
zon soon after sunset, on or about the 30th of January, (set-
ting about a quarter past six,) ,the 24th May,- (setting about
ten in the evening,) and the 31st December, (setting about a
quarter past four) ; and may be seen eastward, a little before
sunrise, on the mornings of the 12th July and the 31st Octo-
ber. On the 12th and 13th of July this planet will be very
near Venus, and on the last day of the year near Saturn.
Venus, though the most brilliant planet in the heavens, is
not well situated for observations this year : the best times
for viewing her by the naked eye will be in the mornings of
January, February, atiO July, and in the evenings of the last
two weeks of December. Through a good telescope, Venus
will appear a fine large crescent in January, and in December
exhibit the appearance of a little full moon. Mars may be
seen in the mornings in the early part of the year, and in the
evenings of the autumn months. He will be at his least dis-
tance from the Earth in June, when lie will appear with a
large and ruddy disc, near the southeastern horizon. Jupiter
will appear very splendid, even to common observers, in the
evenings from the middle of August to the end of December.
Saturn will be in an advantageous position for some time, if
the telescope be a good one, and will hear a considerable
power, this planetand its extraordinary ring will present rather
a novel sight to those who may not be accustomed to obser-
vations of this kind.

SHOCKING MURDER.--A shocking murder was perpe-
trated near herein ea
on the
thherr road side, thult.T
athe uanfpoiratcuenactaellevdicttihme
lived in a cabin
Toeher. It appears that he had been of very parsimonious
habits, and thereby amassed a good deal of money. About
this time last year a hand of plunderers who infested this
place had been apprehended in consequence of one of them
turning Queen's evidence ; and it appeared that they had
then resolved to murder this man, John Pew, who owed his
escape then to the active exertions of Mr. Donohoe, chief of
police, who actually found two of the band sleeping with
knives under their heads in Pew's house. At eight o'clock
on Sunday evening, a man named Byrne was met on the
road by a strange man, who asked him where John Pew
lived. Byrne told him in the next cabin. A short time
after a mail called at one of those cabins and asked where
Pew lived. A little girl from within said Pew's son was
there, on which the stranger asked him was he going to
Arklow to-night, to which the other replied he was not.
About eleven o'clock Pew and his wife were in bed, and his
son in a bed near him? when a person called them up and
said that their daughter, who lives near Tinahely, was dying;
that the priest and doctor had been sent for ; on which the
afflicted mother and son hurried off in a car, and on return-
ing they found Pew a corpse, lying on a heap of manure in
the bawn. The police soon discovered bloody clothes in
some houses near Tinabely, and two bloody shirts, on which
some suspicious characters have been arrested. One of
them had his brother's clothes on him.—Dublin Evening
Packet.

israyAs LthLelAAN,catEiso.n--;
,E,
rl
ea
an
tde n a nu
sd
inh
ce
er s
sfarni et
lnyd
within
F rFa cEeN,
war if we refuse to submit to the exigencies of the British
cabinet. We trust we have, on a former occasion, demon-
strated that this is a vain boast, and that England is by no
means in a position to draw her sword in order to support
her tyrannical pretensions. She well knows that she no
longer possesses the means of subsidizing the coalesced al-
lies, by whose aid Europe triumphed over France. She is
perfectly aware that, in the event of a struggle with her, we
should find auxiliaries even amongst her own subjects. Ire-
land, for an example, which formerly furnished the greater
part of her military force—lreland, at the voice of France,
might escape from her masters, and turn against them. If
the French Government offered Ireland, with her 7,000,000
of inhabitants, not to incorporate her with us, but to assist
her in recovering her liberty by the aid of our alliance, it was
not doubtful but that England would find a formidable enemy
on that side. Notwithstanding the divisions so artfully
established throughout the soil, Ireland at present compre-
hends that there is a great question of national existence
paramount to her religious interests so dear to her 6,000,000
of oppressed Catholics. The greater part of the Irish Pro-
testants now comprehend this question in the same manner
as their ancient adversaries, and united they form a powerful
party, which in England is called the French party, and which
would take advantage of the first European war to raise the
Irish standard under the protection of France." We believe
the best and the most complete answer to this article, and the
others of the same nature published nearer home, would be
found in the dying words of the unfortunate Robert Emmett*
His opinion on French alliance is indisputable-

UNIVERSITY AND CLERIC
INTELLIGENCE.

(From the Cambridge Chronicle.)
At a congregation on Wednesday last, the following de-
grees were conferred :

MASTERS OF ARTS.
Thomas Eaton, Trinity.
James Webber Birley, St: John's.
Fred. Hopkins, Corpus Christi.
John Otter, Corpus Christi.
Philip Badworth, Jesus College.
Jeremiah Stoddart, Corpus Christi
Maitland Dashwood, Downing.

BACHELOR OF MEDICINk
William Wegg, Caius.

BACHELOR OF ARTS
Alfred Martell, St. John's.

At the same congregation the following gentlemen were
admitted ad eundem :
Robert Gray, M.A., University College. Oxford.
Henry Gray, M.A., Christ's College, Oxford.

TRINITY COLLEGE.
Rev. James Gavin Young, 8.A., of Trinity College, has
been appointed to the curacy of Boxwell, Gloucestershire.
The Rev. James Hutchinson, 8.A., of St. John's College,
has been presented to the Perpetual Curacy of Pleshley,
Essex, by J. J. Tuffnell, Esq., the patron.
The Rev. George Peloquin Graham Cosserat. of St.
Peter's, Bushey, in the county of Hertford, has been insti-
tuted by the Lord Bishop of Norwich to the Rectory of St.
Matthew, near Ipswich, in the county of Suffolk.
The Rev. Walter Kerr Hamilton, M.A., Fellow of Mer-
ton College, Oxford, prebendary of Wells and canon of
Salisbury, has been appointed Precentor of Salisbury Cathe-
dral. _ _ .

The Rev. Matthew Vicars, Rector of Allhallows Exeter,
to the Perpetual Curacy of Nether Cerne, and the rectory. of
Godmanstone, Dorsetshire ; patrons, R. B. Sheridan and J.
Goodenough, Esquires.
The Rev. G. AA'. White, M.A., to the Rectory of Darlas-
tan, Staffordshire, vacant by the death of the Rev. J. Huoill
D.D. ; patrons, the trustees of the late Rev. Charles SimetOti'
The Rev. John Dobson, to the Rectory of Wiveuhoe, in
Essex, vacant by the death of the Rev. James Ind.
The Rev. J. Chapman, to the Curacy of St. Olave, South-
wark.
The Rev. Richard Evans, to the Perpetual Curacy of St.
John, Llantrissant, Glamorganshine, vacant by the death of
the Rev. W. Rlivs.
On the 30th January, the Lord Bishop of 'Peterborough
instituted the Rev. Arthur Hibbet, 8.A., of Catharine-hall,
to the Vicarage of Blakesley, in Northamptonshire, vacant
by the resignation of the Rev. Francis Henry White, on the
presentation of John Wight Wight, Esq., of Blakesley-hall,
the patron.
Rev. William Benwick Bowditch, of St. Peter's College,
has been appointed to the Curacy of Waddington, Yorkshire.
J. B. Grant, Esq., 8.A., of Emmanuel College, has been
elected Vice-Principal of the Chester Diocesan College for
Training Masters.
The Rev. Kyrie Ernie Aubrey Money, 8.A., of Corpus
Christi College, was on Tuesday last licensed, by the Lord
Bishop of Hereford, to the Curacy of Weobley, in the county
of Hereford, on the nomination of the Rev. J. B. Webb.

(From Me Oxford Herald.)

The Rev. Joseph Corfe, M.A., at Magdalene College,
some years since Perpetual Curate of Statford, under the
Castle of Old Saturn, has been appointed Custos of the Col-
ley of Vicars Choral of Exeter Cathedral.
The Rev. Francis Henchman Buckerfield, M.A., formerly
of Magdalene Hall, Curate of Little Bedwin, Wilts, has been
presented to that Vicarage, vacant by the death of the Rev.
W. Skey ;• patron, the Marquis of Ailesbury.
The Rev. John Saunders, M.A., of Queen's College, late
Curate of Cripplegate, London, has been presented to the
Rectory of St. Mary Magdalene, with the Perpetual Curacy
of St. Gregory near St. Paul's ; patron, the Dean and Chap-
ter of St. Paul's.
The Rev. Count John Delafield, M.A., formerly of Oriel
College, Vicar of Tortington, Sussex, and a Count of the
Holy Roman Empire, has been appointed, by the Very Rev.
the Dean of Middleham, a Canon of the Stall of St. Cuthbert,
in the Collegiate Church of Middleham, vacant by the death
of the Rev. William Bunting.
The Rev. Anthony Austin, M.A., of Oriel College, has
been presented to the Perpetual Curacy of Alderton, Wilts;
patron, J. Neeld, Esq., M.P.
The Rev. Francis Brandt, M.A., formerly of Brazenose
College, has been presented to the Rectory of Aldford, Che-
shire, vacant by the death of the Rev. T. Edwards; patron,
the Marquis of Westminster.
The Rev. Brian William Molineux, 8.A., of Trinity Col-
lege, has been presented to the Perpetual Curacy of Whitby.
Rev. George Ayliffe Poole, M.A., formerly of Emmanuel
College, Cambridge, Perpetual Curate of St. James's, Leeds,
to the Vicarage of Welford, Northamptonshire? patron, the
Bishop of Oxford.
Rev. Augustus Adam Bagshawe, 8.A., of Corpus Christi
College, Cambridge, to the Perpetual Curacy of Wormhill,
Derbyshire, vacant by the resignation of the Rev. W.
Bagshawe.

Rev. J. Turner, M.A., of Corpus Christi College, Cam-
bridge, to the Rectory of Fen Ditton, Cambridgeshire,
vacant by the death of the Rev. J. Haggitt; patron, the
Bishop of Ely.
Rev. James Baynham Snow, M.A., to the Vicarage of
Arreton, Isle of Wight, vacant by the death of the Rev. H.
Atkins.

Rev. Thomas Knight, to be a Priest Vicar in the Cathedral
of Exeter, vacant by the death of the Rev. A. T. R. Vicary ;
patrons, the Dean and Chapter.
Rev. J. Stoddart, D.D., Rector of Lowick and Islip,
Northamptonshire, to be Domestic Chaplain to the Duke of
Dorset.

Rev. Thomas Dale, Vicar of St. Bride's, and the Rev. H.
Soatnes, the historian of the Reformation, have been ap-
pointed by the Bishop of London, to Prebendal Stalls in St.
Paul's Cathedral.
Rev. Lhomas Dovies, Curate of Llancynvelyn, Cardigan-
shire, to that Vicarage; patron, J. P. B. Chichester, Esq.
Rev. William Jowett, to be Sunday Evening Lecturer of
the Parish Church of Clapham.
Rev. G. Wells, to the Rectory of Boxford, Berks, vacant
by the death of the Rev. J. Wells. _

Rev. J. B. Byodrick, to the Duchess of
Gordon, to the Curacy of Frating, Essex.
Rev. H. Delamere, to the Curacy of Gateshead, Durham.
Rev. Charles Burton Reid, M.A., of St. John's College,
Cambridge, to the Curacy of Wadhurst, Sussex.
Rev. Alex. H. Small, 8.D., Fellow of Emmanuel College,
Cambridge, to the Curacy of Thurlaston, Leicestershire.
Rev. Charles Felton Smith, 8.A., of Queen's College,
Cambridge, Curate of Handley, Cheshire, and Domestic
Chaplain to Viscount Combermere, to the Incumbency of
Pendlebury, near Manchester.
Rev. Lancelot Sharpe, Perpetual Curate of Allhallows,
Staining, London, and Head Master of St. Saviour's Gram-
mar School, Southwark, to a Prebendal Stall in St. Paul's
Cathedral; patron, the Bishop of London.
Adolphus Venua, Esq., 8.A., formerly of Jesus College,
Cambridge, to be Classical and Mathematical Assistant of
Lucton School.
Rev. Augustus Andrew Burnaby, M.A., of Emmanuel
College, Cambridge, Rector of St. Peter Martin, Bedford,
and Chaplain to the Duke of Cambridge, to be a Canon of
the Stall of St. Ninian, in the Collegiate Church of Middle-
ham, vacant by the death of the Rev. R. Cutler.

THE NEW INSOLVENT ACT.—In the case of " Culpep-
per v. Joy," of which we took some notice last week. the
Court of Queen's Bench have decided that the benefit of the
New Insolvent Act applies only to parties out of custody ' •
from which it follows that insolvent debtors who may be in
custody can only obtain their discharge through the Court
by passing through the forms required before the passing of
the late act.

PRESENT HEALTH OF DR. SOUTHEY.—we do not envy
the heart of the man, who can read without deep emotion
v i
ec6aur
thate
than two
more
the following extract from a communication from Mrs.,
Southey (formerly so well known as Caroline Bowles,)
to
Mrs. Sigourney, in answer to a letter, in which the latter
t remembered
who sang , e
to the
sire
lrie still knows
lady
tdoehs iered to b e
remembered
o him
,t the wild
believing
Scarcely cand wondrous tale.' Alas, my friend, the dull, cold ear of
death is not more insensible than his, my dearest husband's,
can I keep
me. The almost complete unconsciousness has not been of
to
hold al l
ecfo
themm lastun communications
poorati o n
comforts from
more than six months' standing, thou„,
years have elapsed since be has written even his
f without.
the death of his first wife, ' Edith,' of his first loename. After
for several years insane, his health was terribly sv, whho was
aken. Yet
for the greater part of a year that
he spent wit
shire, my former home, it seemed perfectly me
in Hamp-
shire,
and he used to say, ' It had surely pleased God,re-established,
years of his life should be happy. But the . that the last
was otherwise. The little cloud soon appeared,Almighty's will
in no long time to overshadow all. In which was
the blackness of its
shadow we still live, and shall pass from under it only through
the portals of the grave. The last three
years have done on
me the work of twenty. The one, sole business
that, which I verily believe keeps the of my life is
dianship of my dear, helpless, e in me, the unconsciousguar-
husband."
For years Mr. Cobden and his brother
maintained, with infinite emphasis, free-traders have
laws has been to bring into cultivation immense
t the effect of our corn
in this country, which ought never mmense tracts of land
from their primitive barrenness. to have been reclaimed
which extends—unwisely as the free-traders How then, can a law
cultivation of our soil, tend to make maintain—the
o m
country? That such a systernake food " scarce" in this
relation to certain classes of themay render food " dear," in
ted ; but among the classes in community, may be
compre-
hendedadmit-
ted;
the class of labourers. No
will not be
soils involves an 'No
:—the cultivation of infe-
rioraugmentation in the expenditure of la-
hour ; and an augmented
in the market value of lab expenditure of labour involves a rise
to the cultivation of our.
A law, therefore, which leads
inferior soils cannot tend to render food
" dear" to the labourer—to
the producer of the food. The n
extended cultivation of the soil may
induce, must be " dearness" pressing on the classes that pro-
duce nothing--on the owners of fixed money incomes—on
the class of public and private creditors—on the class of
usurers, and of idle consumers. It can scarcely be necessary
to add, that a system which .
entails on these classes the
pressure of " dearness," •1s a system that must secure the
blessings of virtual
"cheapness"
to all producers throughout
the community.—The Agricultural Advocate, No. I. [A
very timely and exceedingly able publication, •
which has the
merit—and a great one it is, as a means of pro corn law de-
fence •
against the trash issued by " the league," of being very
cheap, and is therefore calculated for extensive circulation.—
ED. M. H.]

RAILWAYS.—The following important circular has been
addressed to the secretaries of the different railways :—_

" Railway Department, Board of Trade,
Whitehall, 27th January, 1843.
" In consequence of the late occurrences on the Nth
Midland Railway, the Lords of the Committee of Privy Couorn-
cil for Trade think it right to call the attention of the Direc-
tors of Railway Companies generally to the extreme import-
ance of observing the utmost caution in making reductions in
their establishments by which the public safety may be af-
fected. The experience of the last three years has fully sa-
tisfied their Lordships that the comparative exemption which
has been latterly enjoyed from the alarming accidents which
infancy
occurred so frequently during the of railway travel-
ling, is to be attributed mainly to the gradual formation of
establishments of experienced and trust-worthy engine-
drivers and other servants upon all !lileading passenger rail-
ways, and that it is only by maintaining such establishments
that a repetition of such accidents can be effectually pre-
vented. This opinion has been confirmed by the recent ac-
cident upon file North Midland Railway, and the investiga-
tions which their Lordships have directed in consequence
dutyi pl l pecuniary ci
ntuocnuri are rmi vf i cnt re
tsyhi del
dem-
have fully satisfied them that. sudden and sweeping reductions'
in the branches of the establishment connected with the pub-
lic safety can rarely be attempted without occasioning great
danger.
" Under these circumstances, although my Lords have n
wish to interfere with the discretion of the Directors of Rail-
way
yy thinkix!w caseswhich
iht th theirey wherew
ofra titohneshaeraeviyn Companies,y,responsibility
vpeeosdnp,seit;hiiael
ilytl
low themselves to be influenced by a mistaken economy,
far as to attempt reductions, either in the numb so
cieney of the establishment which previous experienceer and effi-
them to consider necessary for conducting the has led
in safety, or iii the. accustomed wages of the l public traffic
upon whose intelligence, sobriety, and habitual ass of servants
duct, the safety of the passenger.depe d good con
obedient servant, n s.—l am, Sir,
you;

" T. LAING

tinu uuuu rimy _
Though golden tributes strove the line to raise,

Yes, thou depar

is thine,

,en of mine,

pay honour to thy now bless'd shade,
In robes of white," and crown of gold array 'd ;
will surmount thy sad terrest

aeaven's sun

al gloom,

silent tomb

is surface that which never dies,

his sto,

nest woman lies ;

iungry fed

;has made necessity a bed
pd covered, and the v

sorrow all its poignant smart

Husband.! repress thy una

Friends ! soften down the fu
Acquaintance ! judge

1 devou

reathes no sig

Then mi
And ma

graven on her fun

EPITAPH

:xcess of

grief ;
Bible leaf :

meanest frown,

s crown

Beneath this cold and earthy sod,

By fait

hful woman lies ;

leaven, and trust in God,

es and never dies

age was spread with thorns,

Her feeble frame cnt down

brow which ached will soon ador

EPITAPH ON A CANDLE

A wicked one lies buried here,
Who died of a decline;
He never rose in rank, I fear,

Though he was borne to shine

He once was fat, hut now indeed
He 's thin as any griever ;
He died, the doctors all agreed,
Of a most burning fever.

One thing of him is said with truth,
With which I'm much acuus'd ;
It is, that when he stirr'd, forsooth,
A stick he always us'd.

Now winding-sheets he sometimes made,
But this was not enough ;
For, finding it a poerish trade,
He also dealt in 8712 e.

If e'er you said " Go out, I pray,"
He much ill nature show'd;

On such occasions he would say,
" Vy, if I do, I'm blow'd."

In this his friends do all agree,
Although you'll think me jqking
When going out, 'tis said that he
Was very fond of smoking.

Since all religion he despis'd,
Let these few words suffice

ever was baptiz'd,

dipp'd him once or twice.

LITERARY

NOTICES

Rules for the more uniform :►lasting and Sparring of der-
chant Ships, &c. By H. C. Chapman, Esq.

It is so seldom that any of our merchants—absorbed in the

toils and anxieties of business—devote their leisure hours to
science, and favour the world with the results of their expe-

and inquiries,

that we haJ

much satisfaction the

ce, from the pen of a townsman, of a pamphlet sug-
e more uniform Masting and Sparring

" Rules for

t Ships, founded on first principles

•'sh Shmowners ar
Mr. H
e Liverpool Reg

Ship-builders,

and an

Cleaver Chapman, is

intly w

has cc

A with

stare of cause a,

out which solid is