The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-07-18 00:00:00

NEPTUNE.

X id the winds and the waves that obey my commands,
Ai rise every spirit of Ocean ;
C ome, welcome a stranger from yon weary land,
fir lad to escape to thy free happy band,
elieved from all worldly emotion.
arth, Ocean, and Air, on thy spirits I call,
G rant me the boon which I ask from ye all :
0 n the IiaLE)T MACGREGon your best blessings send,
It eceive her and be from her birth a true friend.

SOMETHING CHEAP.

BY CHARLES SWAIN.

(From the Literary Gazette.)
There's not a cheaper thing on earth,
Not yet one half so dear ;
'Tis worth more than distinguish'd birth,
Or thousands gain'd a-year :
It lends the day a new delight;
'Tis virtue's firmest shield ;
And adds more beauty to the night
Than all the stars may yield.

It maketh poverty content,
To sorrow whispers peace;
It is a gift from heaven sent
For mortals to increase.
It meets you with a smile at morn ;
It lulls you to repose ;
A flower for peer and peasant born,
An everlasting rose.

A charm to banish grief away,
To snatch the frown from care ;
Turn tears to smiles, make dulness gay—
Spread gladness everywhere;
And yet 'tis cheap as summer dew,
That gems the lily's breast;
A talisman for love, as true
As ever man possess'd.

As smiles the rainbow through the cloud
When threat'ning storm begins—
As music 'mid the tempest loud,
That still its sweet way wins—
As springs an arch across the tide,
Where waves conflicting foam,
So comes this seraph to our side,
This angel of our home.

What may this wondrous spirit be,
With power unheard before—
This charm, this bright divinity?
Good temper—nothing more
Good temper!—'tis the choicest gift
That woman homeward brings;
And can the poorest peasant lift
To bliss unknown to kings.

HINTS FOR PEDESTRIANS, PRACTICAL

AND MEDICAL,

(From an unpublished Manuscript,. by a Physician of
Liverpool.)

BY MEDICUS.

" Health is the vital principle of bliss,
And exercise of health. In proof of this,
Behold the wretch who slugs his life away,
Soon swallowed in disease's sad abyss;
While he whom toil has braced, or manly play,
Has light as air each limb, each thought as clear as day:
Thomson's Castle of Indolence.

- -
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY OBSERVATIONS.

1. Exercise and rest may be said to be the poles around
which are perpetually revolving all the varieties of the
animated globe. Or again, we may resolve the electric
conditions of our animal organization into positive and
negative poles ; for we shall find that as we recede from
the one state we approach the other ; as we trace up all
the lower forms of life, with their limited location and
powers, we approximate, as we recede from the negative,
nearer and nearer to the antagonizing positive, wherein
more perfect capacities are adapted for more energetic
efforts, and where, consequently, an almost ceaseless ac-
tivity reigns. And here we see man, the crown of all
creation's works, lying under the curse pronounced by
the Almighty upon original transgression, with his frame
beauteously fitted for activity ; appointed to sweat under
needful toil in order to earn his daily food. Yet the ap-
petite for exertion is found gratefully alleviating the
penalty of the primaeval sentence ; so that, in fact, rest-
less man experiences far more of a curse in idleness and
fruitless inactivity, than he actually realizes under the
existing urgent instigations to their opposite. Thus may
we be reconciled to, and even rejoice over, that election
of tho kindlier alternative which heaven has made for us
in recording her penal sentence attempered with mercy.
2. Man, therefore, loves exertion; not only does his
present condition demand and sue for it, but his constitu-
tion rejoices in it : and most true it ever has been, and
will be, that rest itself is only to be enjoyed in succession
to activity—ease is alone relished— sleep is only grate-
fully welcome after that,

" Toil which does keep
Obstructions from the mind and quench the blood;
Ease but belongs to us like sleep, and sleep,
Like opium, is our medicine, not our food."

Sir' W. D'Avenanrs Gondibert.
3• Activity is essential to the health of every organ of
the bony, for, through the use and exercise of the mus-
cular system, the functions of the whole compound being
are -efficiently discharged—the circulating system is de-
veloped and maintained iu its requisite force, and in bar-
mony with the nervous as well as nutritive or assimila-
tive systems—the brain receives its nicely-balanced
supply—the lungs are expanded, so as to have their in-
herent elasticities called forth ; whilst the heart, ac-
quiring full tone and and energy, as the fountain of life,
again returns the vital currents back to those muscles,
and throughout the varied framework of the body, in
order to evolve their corresponding requisite develop-
ment.

Let as add to the benefits of this muscular exercise.
the respiration of the pure mountain air,—
" nigh on the breeze's ridge, whose lofty sides
The ethereal deep with endless billows chafes."
giving thereby fresh life to the blood, and that sparkling
glo* of colour to the cheek which is alternately dis-
carded and admired, as ' rude health,' by the capriciously
varying tastes of society. Let the mind be emancipated
from corrosive care, and in its stead be clad with that
cheerfulness which the "country" so invariably excites,
and we shall realise health's vital principle —bringing
bliss. ".Health is the soul that animates all the
pleasures of life ; and without it a man starves at the
best of tables—is poor and wretched in the midst of the
greatest treasures. Without health, youth loses all
vigour; beauty all its charms : music is grating to the
ears: palaces are prisons : riches useless: honours and
atendants cumbersome; and crowns themselves a
burthen." _ .

On the other hand, , under the veil of inactivity,
lurk the seeds of all manner of bodily and mental
diseases; the bedy itself wastes, or else drags its stag-
nant bulk along—the mental powers languish and be-
come obtuse—the animal spirits flag, and in recoiling
again upon themselves become a prey to ennui and
melancholy, with all their attendant train of evils.
Hence we find in the higher classes of society, where
the necessity for active bodily exertion is least remarked,
that the kinds of diseases to which such classes are the
most obnoxious, are exactly those derangements of the
natural functions which are most directly traceable to
habits of luxurious indolence, repletion and inactivity.
O. Locomotion, then, is manifestly and extensively
intended by nature, so important and so various are the
objects to be attained by it, and by it alone, in our social
condition, whether that be in the simpler or more com-
plex walks of life, that the grand question resolves into
into a consideration regarding the mode only, whereby
healthful exercise and recreation are to be readiest
found, and most accessible to the bulk of society :—ln
well-arranged and agreeable pedestrian' excursions, is
the reply. The charm of travelling (never so great as
when on foot, each stage of delightful variety is fairly
won) has been a fertile theme for the pen of the letter-
writer and the poet to descant upon—and not alone
these--the graver pen of the medical philosopher has
eulogized "sweet travel:" it is an untold store of re-
creation for the mental and bodily consideration of our
compound life ;—it expands the heart in sympathy with
either , the pleasure or pain of others, and adds a relish
itself to the mere fact of our bare existence ; long ere
the chords of our spiritual and intellectual nature vibrate
to its successive series of awakening incident.
A little work lately out, has the following remark on
the subject :-
66 In travelling we multiply events, and innocently.
We set out, as it were, on our adventures ; and many
are those that occur to us, morning, noon, and night.
The day we come to a place vre have long heard and read
of, is an era in our lives ; and from that moment the very
name calls up a picture. How delightfully, too, does the
knowledge flow in upon us. and how fast !
7. For all those listless and effeminate persons, who "see
no good in walking when they can ride in a carriage,"
the following suggestions will be void of interest or pro-
fit :—lnvalidness, luxury, business, or the want of time,
are conditions which it is not in place here to discuss.
Where such press, or are supposed to do so, their several
claims for the convenience and service of a vehicle, such
demands must be responded to according to the circum-
stances, &c., of the party requiring such aids.
8. The mountaineers of all countries are always the
strongest, and the most energetic and famous for longe-
vity ; not so much, as it is erroneouslyjasserted, owing to
the purity and rarity of the air, but because their more
distant habitations oblige them to walk many miles up and
down, and because they cannot make use of any carriages
whatever, except the sliding and sure-footed mule, chiefly
serviceable for descending steep declivities.
9. For those, again, who prefer, and can command,
the delight of horse exercise, little exception can be taken

against a mode of travelling which indubitably stands
very high in general estimation, both in matters of health
and convenient exercitation, and which hath been duly
lauded and prescribed in olden times, by many an old
medical worthy, particularly Celsus. The cost of outfit
and supporting these noble animals, being the chief
drawback to the more general practice of riding on horse-
back; though there are other disadvantages, not to be
entirely passed over —such as the manifold inconveniences
to which, in a broken, boggy, or mountainous district,
the cavalier is, as such, inevitably exposed. The mem-
bers of every grade of society, however, are constrained
to admit, that by walking they can best maintain them-
selves in good health and elastic spirits.
10. Finally, then, to that numerous, respectable, and
exercise-needing class, whose limited means may exclude,
or whose habits and tastes seek not, either of the pre-
ceding methods of locomotion, the subjoined directions
are respectfully offered in the way of " Hints," medical
and general, in the humble hope that they may prove of
some little service in the shape of advice as to the pre-
paration, management, and fair exertion of those locomo-
tives of such unspeakable value, and which are emphat-
ically, at all times and seasons, their ►wn.
Pool Cottage, Road-side, April, 1843.

CHA F TER IL PREPARATIONS PROVISIONAL, VA-
RIOUSLY NEEDFUL AND NEEDFULLY VARIOUS,
TOUCHING THE LOCOMOTIVES.
11. All men have not the same tastes and feelings,
and happy is it for us that adversity characterises as
much the phases of our minds as it most certainly does
our bodily faces ; yet on the point of selecting periods of
the year for pedestrian excursions,
12. Summer has, for several obvious reasons, been
most unanimously chosen as the favourite season, pre-
senting natuie, as she does, wearing a perpetual smile,
or, when chequered by a bursting cloud, only so obscured
to brighten and dazzle again the more : she adds " length
of days" to her other charms and witchery of existence ;
and Queen of Seasons she must ever be, though her noon-
day ardour invites to a listless repose, so usually at once
the opprobrium and the luxurious accident of summer
tours.

13. Spring has also many claims to be considered.
The fresh and bracing winds—the sharp frosty morning
—the early birds and their gladdening matin song—the
burst of renewed vegetable life—the fragrant odours of
the young leaves as they escape from their winter's hard-
cored envelope—the shining floweret on the hedge bank,
loading the air with its balmy fragrance all the sweeter,
and more intoxicating for having been long locked up
under miserly snow and frost—the leaping rill and the
sparkling dew urge their loud yet sweet appeal, and that
never in vain, to the man who has a single particle of the
ideal in his mind, without which man is at best but a cal-
culating animal. The invigorating freshness of spring
tide may not, must not, be underrated ; our own com-
pound nature drinks in by a manifold sympathy of life all
the renewing energies which are astirring on every side
—around, below, and above us. Indisputably as far as
health is concerned this season must bear away the palm,
for there are periodicities in our nature having a corres-
pondence sometimes manifest; often occult, with the ani-
mate and inanimate groupings around us ; and much
might be urged in a striking way on the tone and mystic
keeping of these sweet harmonies ; but it would lead us
away from our immediate task. To the valetudinarian
then, we commend the " opening day" of the year, " the
merry, merry month of May." April has often lustrous
weather, bright and sunny, but fleeting, often, and delu-
sive, which called forth poor Kirk White's graphic lines
"A little sun, a little rain—
A peevish April clay."

14. Autumn, tob, has its enthusiastic admirers : it is
the season chiefly worshipped by poetic temperaments—
that "genus irritabile vatum," whose keen sensibilities,
tastes, and feelings, nnrsed so carefully and capriciously,
give it a colour of their own—their

"Eyes see all around, in gloom or glow
Hues of their own, fresh borrow'd from the heart;"
and thus the season of calm decline—this fading chaplet
of the year is made to acquire a moody character, as
though she were the personification of melancholy,where-
as a mind of more common and cheerful tone passes
through the rich colours, the laden trees, the bird's ever
joyous song, the falling leaf even without reading pain-
fully the lesson of silently-operating change, without
being started with the echo of Spring reverberating less
and less from approaching winter's icy cape! And o should
the cheerful equal mind relish every season, each tracing
its own significant and appropriate emblems cf life, re-
hearsing in beauteous types the corresponding ages of
man, until the revolution of the year-circle has completed
and pointed the moral of our life-circle.
"Red o'er the forest peers the setting sun,
The line of yellow light dies fast away
That crown'd the eastern copse : and chill and dim
Falls on the moor the brief November day.
Now tlupotir'd hunter winds a parting note,
And echo bids goosl night from every glade.
Yet wait awhile, and see the calm leaves float
Each to his rest beneath their parent shade."l—Keole.
Thus sings a cheerful poet ; and we are landed in
15. Winter—wherein short days make short work, and
nipping frosts bind earth and water into one iron-faced
resistance to man's busy-handed industry: yet may, ne-
vertheless, even here, the enterprising footsteps procure
judicious and glowing exercise, in robust play of the
limbs.

Having paid our court to the seasons, in the most sea-
sonable manner we could, let us then now descend to
look into some of the dry and matter offact details of re-
paration for a pedestrian trip, which, though somewhat
at first uninviting, yet we premise thus much to every and
all—poet of naturalist—philosopher or man of business--
that the poetry of nature's changing garb and features,
—the science of her thousand ways of wonder working
life—the t one of her swest influence on the mind and
body—will he promoted in no trifling degree, by our secur-
ing, as far as practicable and foreseen, those conditions
actually essential to the comfort and success of a pedes-
trian ramble; for if great things are only the summing
up of small things, as, in the fable, the grateful ant stung
the leg of the man whose deadly aim was thereby diverted
from sacrificing the poor bird to whose kind act of rescue
when in danger the ant had previously owed her own
life—how can we despise even the least matter which
can exercise an influence for good or evil on our journey's
successful issue. Who has not had to experience the
hitter mortification of having a trip on foot spoilt by some
trifle, unheeded or unanticipated in the hey-day of
the start ! What corn began to complain on the second
day ? What sore heel from the wear 'of an itt-fit-
ting boot or shoe, has not destroyed all the soaring
pleasure of onr excursion, just when the country
began to open to our eager gaze ; and who that has
so paid the penalty of incaution and neglect at start-
ing does not wish to take good care that such shall not
happen again to themselves, or to any friend, indeed,
starting on a similar trip, and who will listen to the voice
of experience in the matter.

To enter, then, forthwith into all manner of " Hints"
and practical suggestions.

17: In the first place, the reader will he,. perhaps,
snrprised to learn how many things need to be attended
to in preparing for a few days or weeks excursion into
the country ; and, further, that you must begin to train
and harden yourself a day or two before actual setting.
out.

(To be continued.)

LYING•IN HOSPITALS.

The art and science of midwifery is of very early origin,
coeval with, if not antecedent to, the science of medicine,
and appears to have been considered as a distinct depart-
ment of medical practice from the mast remote ages of
antiquity. Thus the most ancient writer in the world
refers to the midwives who attend upon Rachel, the wife
of Jacob, upon Thamer, the widow of Er, and upon the
Hebrew women during the Egyptian captivity. The
author of the first book of Samuel. makes reference to the
midwife who attended upon the wife of Phineas, the son
of Eli. Hippocrates, the most ancient medical author
extant, who lived 1,000 years after Moses and about 400
years before Christ, collected the disjointed fiagments of
information which lay scattered abroad, in reference to
midwifery, as well as to medicine and surgery, and pre-
set ibed more for diseases of females than for any others.
The works of Celsus, Aretmus' Moschion, Rufus
Ephesus, Galen, )Etius, Paulus 'lEgineta, and many
others amongst the Greeks, abound with instructions
in midwifery, and several of the plans of treatment re-
commended by the moderns were clearly predicated by
ancients of the Greek school. A succession of Arabian
authors, Serapion, Rhazes, Avicenna, and Albucacis,
brings us down to the twelfth century. In the following
century the practice of medicine began to bo encouraged
in England. In the year 1532, Euchariv.s Rhodion, a
German, published a treatise on parturition. The next
book of any importance upon our subject was published
in England in 1540 by Dr. Raynalde. Ambrose Parts in
France, and the illustdous Harvey in England contri-
buted materially to the improvement of midwifery during
this century.

Hitherto, the practice of midwifery had been almost
exclusively confined to female practitioners, the assistance
of the physician or surgeon being required only in cases
of extreme difficulty and responsibility. The Duchesse
de la Valliere, the favourite mistress of Louis XIV., was
the first female who placed herself under the exclusive
care of a male practitioner. This event occurred in 1663.
The elevated rank of the duchesse furnished to other
ladies of all ranks of society an example (and an induce-
ment to employ male practitioners, and Julian Clement,
the attendant upon the duchesse, received shortly after-
wards the new appointment of accoucheur to the princesses
of France.
The increase of civilisation, together with its con-
comitants, crowded cities, unwholesome diet, hard la-
bour, personal and moral restraints, occupations injurious
to health and calculated to weaken the frame, stunt the
growth, and destroy that beautiful symmetry of form
which nature has given—whether the consequence of
necessity amongst the poor or the effects of luxury and
self indulgence amongst the rich—must have tended to
induce difficulty and danger in child birth, vastly greater
than those occurring under circumstances more favour-
able to health.
The increase of these difficulties would necessarily im-
press the sex with a powerful sense of danger; and the
manifest incapability of the ordinary midwife in cases of
extraordinary complication or severity, would naturally
induce them and their friends to apply to the medical man

to give assistance ; yet it is a fact, that the opposition to
the employment of accoucheurs has not been overcome
in every nation until the dangers resulting from inexperi-
enced and inefficient practitioners have been so great as to
arouse the attention of the state. In England there is no
regular instruction for female midwifes. No examination
under which the legislature compels them to pass. And
consequently the results of want of information are most
appalling. In Edinburgh, Professor Hamilton has suc-
ceeded in establishing a class of female pupils, many of
whom have risen to considerable local celebrity; but he
informs us that the timidity of the sex is such as to dis-
enable them in general from the performance of any capi-
tal operations. In France the Midwife receives a regular
medical education, attends lectures, walks the hospitals,
and finally undergoes the examinations necessary to her
graduating as a doctor in medicine.
The first lying-in hospital in London was founded so
late as 1739, by Sir James Manningham, in one of the
wards of St. James's Parochial Infirmary, Westminster.
Since that period our science has been cultivated much
more widely and extensively. Names high in the temple
of fame appear in rapid succession, as Levrk, Smellie,
Befit, Gregoire, Meckel, Siebold, Hunter, Osborne, Den-
man, Haighton, Clarke, Davies, &c., which bring us down
to the present day, and to those numerous and talented
individuals who are now so successfully enriching this
department of medical science.
Hospitals and other institutions specially devoted to ob-
stetric cases and the diseases of women and children, have
rapidly increased. London alone now possesses thirteen
midwifery institutions; Dublin has three or tour; and
many of the large towns in the kingdom—Edinburgh,
Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds, Newcastle, Bristol, &c.—
possess similar charities.—Dr. Waddy.

SELECTIONS.

My precept to all that build is, that the owner should
be an ornament to the house, and not the house to the
owner.

THE JONAH MOUSE.---" The Tay trout," says John
Crorar, " lives in that river all the year round. It is a
large and yellow fish with a great mouth, and feeds chiefly
on salmon spawn, moles, mice, frogs, &c. A curious cir-
cumstance once happened to me at Pulney Loch ; one of
my sons threw a live mouse into it, when a large trout
took the mouse down immediately. The boy told me what
had happened, so I took my fishiug-rod which was leaning
against my house close to the loch, and put a fly on. At
the very first throw I hooked a large trout, landed it, and
laid it on the walk ; in two seconds the mouse ran out of
its mouth, and sot into a hole in the wall before I could
catch it."—scrope's Days of Salmon Fishing.

OUR SCINDIAN CONQUEST.---It will further appear,
that the present, or rather the now deposed, dynasty of
Ameers, were intruders, whose occupation of the country
is not of fifty years' date ; who have not, therefore, ac-
quired that species of right to which sufferance gives a
qualified sanction, and who could justify their title by no
plea but the choice and approbation of their subjects.
Now, the universally consenting testimony of all persons
who have visited the territories of the Ameers, declares
that they are detested by the Scindians, who sigh for any
change, and who hailed the approach of the British, when
on their march towards Afghanistan, in the vain hope
that they were coming to release them from the absurd
and intolerable tyranny of their princes, which condemned
the people to misery and the very soil to reluctant sterility.
Every traveller in Scinde speaks loudly in praise of the
fertile and productive properties of many tracts in that
neglected country, and of the resources which it would
afford to commerce if its energies were not depressed.—
Asiatic Journal.
PRICES Ys 1793.—The celebrated count Mirabeau, in
a letter written from London just fifty years ago, thus
speaks of English prices ; it isTemarkable bow very nearly
they are the same as those paid at the present time. "To
enable you to form a judgment of the dearness of London,
take the following : bread, 2d. a pound ; coarse meat, 4d;
roasting beef, Bd. to 9d. ; bacon, 10d. ; butter, ls. ; can-
dles, id. ; the price of a cow, 12'or 15 guineas ; an acre
of land, in the neighbourhood of the metropolis, £5 or £6
per annum. This great dearness of provisions is continu-
ally exciting murmurs among the peole ; but famine is not
the consequence. The only measures taken a few years
ago, by the legislature, under similar circumstances, were,
laying an embargo upon English corn, and suffering the
importation of foreign grain during three months. In the
debates, upon that occasion, one of the first peers of Eng-
land observed, that the dearness of provisions was not so
much a proof of a dearth of corn, as of the great super-
fluity of golds and silver, which war and commerce had
brought into the kingdom ;. that the country partook of
that superfluity, which extended even to the farmer."

WHAT MUST BE DONE WITH SCINDE?;---The country
is now placed in our hands—how is it to be disposed of?
There are but three modes first, that of restoring it to
its late possessors, with such curtailments and under such
conditions as may diminish the means of annoyance here--
after ; secondly, that of replacing it under the independent
authority of some member of the Calora dynasty ; or,
lastly, that of administering- the government of the country
ourselves. Now, it is obvious that the late rulers of
Scinde, educated as they have been, and identifying their
interests with those of an army of Belooche ruffians, could
never make their country a useful ally of Britain, or im-
part to it sufficient strength to resist any invader. Want
of attachment on the part of their subjects would alone
enfeeble their authority, and Scinde would still. remain
weak, disorganised, and poor. The change of dynasty, if
it were practicable, would be merely an experiment. The
Colors family had no hold upon the affections of the peo-
ple, and if restored mast be upheld, like Shah Shooja, by
British bayonets. There seems, therefore, no other pru-
dent alternative than that which the Governor-General of
India appears to have adopted,—for no formal annexation
of Scinde to the British dominions has yet been promul-
gated,,—that of boldly doing in the face of the world that
which must be done covertly by eitherof the other courses.
Asiatic Journal.

Ily2Norrsar.—lt will be observed, for reasons adduced,
I have now entirely separated hypnotism from animal
magnetism. I consider it to be merely a simple, speedy,
and certain mode of throwing the nervous system into a
new condition, which may be rendered eminently avail-
able in the cure• of certain, disorders. I trust, therefore,
it may. be investigated quite independently of any bias,
either for or against the subject, as connected with mes-
merism ; and only by the facts which can be adduced. I
feel quite confident we have acquired, in this process, a
valuable addition to our curative means ;..but I repudiate
the idea of holding it up as a universal remedy ; ,nor do I
even pretend to understand, as yet, the whale range of
diseases in which it may he useful. Time and experience
alone can determine this question, as is the case with all
new remedies. When we consider, that in this process
we have acquired the power of raising sensibility to, the
most extraordinary degree, and also of depressing it far
below the torpor of natural sleep; and that from the
latter condition, any or all of the senses may be raised to
the exalted state of sensibility referred to, almost with
the rapidity of thought, by so simple an agency as a puff
of air directed against the respective parts ; and that, we
can also raise and depress the force and frequency of the
circulation, locally or generally, in a most extraordinary
degree, it must be evident we have thus an important
power to act with. Whether these extraordinary physical
effects are produced through the imagination chiefly, or
by other means, it appears to me quite certain, that the
imagination has never been so much under our control,
or capable of being made to act in the same beneficial and
uniform manner, by any other mode of management
hitherto known.—Braid's Neurypnology, or Rationale of
Nervous Sleep.

WANT; OF CONSID3RATION FOlik, THE Poon.---How
comes it that our great factory towns grow to such fright-
ful size ? Manchester. and Glasgow, with their vice_ and
their disease, cannot keep up their own population.. Cut
off supplies of fresh labourers from without, and these
towns, in sixty years, would be without inhabitants. They
are fed and swollen up to their present enormous size, and
filled. with an excessive number of labourers, depressing
each other's wages, by the constant immigration of the
villagers. But how come the villagers to leave their green
fields and purer air, to immure themselves in the foetid
lanes of factory towns? Simply because, in the villages,
they are reckoned " surplus."—are half-starved,—are
driven about from farmer to overseer, and from their
miserable huts to union workhouses, until life is rendered
a burden to them, and they crowd into the towns, to em-
brace a kind of labour to which they are. quite unac-
customed, merely because it seems to promise some sort
of shelter and food for their offspring;?—while thus to
" get rid" of them, is reckoned a matter of rejoicing—
aye, of actual rejoicing on the part of the gentry and
farmers among whom they have dwelt. We have over-.
heard, with silent horroli, long contentions between ad-
joining parishes, touching which of them a hearty, sober,,
well-conducted labourer "belonged. to ; " and when, at
some expense for lawyers, one of the parishes had
" saddled " him upon the other, great was the joy at
" having got rid of him !" We have listened to these
contentions, and we have said to ourselves, " How can
England ever be aught but wretched and discontented in
such a state of things? " Augment your capital : prevent
your population —these are the two main principles on
which all modern doctors and statesmen have founded

their system and their practice. They have carried them
far enough to fill the island with wretchedness ; and yet
they dare not carry them fully out. Is not improvidence
a fault ?—they ask,—can it be right in a man who is
scarcely able to feed himself, to marry, and to expose
himself to the probable result of having six or eight other
mouths to feed, upon six or eight shillings per week ? We
admit the lamentable nature of the case;,--but we ask our
mentors to test their own principles by carrying them
boldly into practice. It is wrong, you say, in a poor
labourer, who can scarcely feed and clothe himself, to
marry. If it be wrong—clearly wrong; we know not
why it should not be made penal by law. You reply, that
this you would gladly see done but lack courage to pro-
pose it ; and therefore are driven to rely chiefly upon
little tracts and books, teaching " the principles of popu-
lation." This, however, you will not attempt to deny—
that you would be glad if, either by law, or by the in-
fluence of instruction, all " improvident marriages" could
be put an end to : and you would certainly reckon it im-
provident in an agricultural labourer, only earning six,
seven, or eight shillings a-week, to expose himself to the
probability of having half-a-dozen children. We ask,
I then, the very obvious and plain question—Would you
wish all the young men now growing up to manhood in
our agricultural districts to remain unmarried ?—for most
of them are quite unable to earn more than this poor
pittance! And were your wish obeyed, what sort of a
state do you imagine that England would be in, in point
of morals, at the end of seven rags? You have been
preaching against marriage for the last thirty years, and
already you have filled our villages with bastardy and
child-murder, hut were you to carry out your principles
thoroughly and honestly, do you imagine that the country
could be lived in by any decent people ?—Perils of the
Nation.

INIQUITY OF THE SELFISH PRINCIPLE. —lf men
bounded their desires after this world's goods, by what
they might fairly acquire without approximating to the
verge of another woe, proclaimed against him " that useth
his neighbour's service without wages, and giveth him
not for his work," or who gives so little, it is next akin to
nothing ; there would be a manifest check put to the
augmentation of estates, the embellishment of dwelling
houses, and the countless etcetera of personal emulation
and display. Waste land would not be enclosed as now
it everywhere is; the village common would still pasture
the poor man's cow, and afford picking to his little stock
of poultry, instead of being made to bear grain for the
wealthy farmer, or to form an addition to the nobleman's
preserve. The frame of woman would not be bowed un-
der such burdens as ought not even to be laid on the more
robust structure of man, nor would her mind be inevitably
vitiated by compulsory admixture with labourers of the
other sex, at such times, in such places, and under such
circumstances as render mental contamination at least a
matter of course. Children would not be immured
throughout the livelong day in gloomy buildings, and
their exhausting efforts protracted to thirteen, fourteen,
fifteen hours of labour, to the utter exclusion of every
hope that instruction, even on the most vital subjects,
may reach them. The common sense of mankind assents
to what inspiration declares—" Man goeth forth to his
work and to his labour until the evening." Twelve
hours is the limit preseribed, by universal consent, for the
work of adults ; yet under the influence of this money-
getting mania, we find employers pertinaciously refusing
to bring the daily service even of their juvenile operatives
within that limit. No other excuse is, or can be ad-
vanced; the market, say they, must be supplied, and
whatever advantage we sacrifice, others will seize. It
may be so ; but the policy is eery short-sighted that
looks no farther than the duration of this demand ; this
unhealthy, feverish craving for a supply only to be ob-
tained by means pregnant with destruction alike to the
markets, the goods, and those who bring them there. The
least taste of licentious liberty, such as our working po-
pulation recently obtained a snatch of, is perilous in the
extreme to those who know no medium between it and
the most heart-sickening drudgery ; combined with im-
prisonment, and the constant spectacle of luxury in ano-
ther class that seems to mock their privations, and to
count them but as the beasts that perish.—Perils the
Nation.

MORMONITE FALSEHOODS..-- 1 told my informant that
I had seen quite enough to convince any person of ordi-
nary understanding, that Smith was an impostor. He
replied that Smith might be as bad as he was reported to
be, but that is prophecies would not thereby be proved
false. He might be a swindler, a liar, a drunkard, a
swearer, and still be a true prophet. David was a mur-
derer and an adulterer, and yet was a true prophet. St.
Peter said that even in his time " David had not yet
ascended into heaven." David was in hell, for no mur-
derer had eternal life abiding in him. So Smith might be
as infamous as David was, and even deny his own revela-
tions, and turn away from his religion, and go to hell;
but this would not affect the revelations which God had
given by him. It was in vain that I attempted to correct
the doctor's false positions; the stream of his heretical
eloquence had begun to flow, and, finally, I suffered it to
flow unchecked. He said that the truth of Mormonism
did not depend on the character of Smith or of any other
man. That our Lord had told the Jews that there were
other sheep, not of that fold, whom He intended to bring,
and that in accordance with this declaration, after his as-
cension into heaven, He descended again in America and
preached the Gospel to the Indians, as the veracious his-
tory of the book of Mormon assured us. That for his own
part, his faith had been produced solely by the power of
God, and that if he was deceived, God Almighty had,de-
ceived him, and no other. " I was once an honest Athe-
ist," he proceeded ; " I felt that Christianity could not be
true, since Christians have not yet decided among them-
selves what Christianity is. I was induced by curiosity to
listen to the preachinr, of a Mormon elder. My attention
was strongly arrested; I began• to believe in God, and for
many weeks and months was earnest in my prayers to
Him for a knowledge of the truth. After a' space of six
months, I was one night lying awake in my bed medi-
tating, when suddenly a conviction of the reality 'of the
Christian religion flashed upon my mind like lightning.
I saw the truth of the Scriptures and of the book of Mor-
mon. I felt powerfully convinced that the prophecies of
Joseph Smith were from God. At the same time I was
filled with a supernatural extasy which resembled heaven
itself. I could not restrain my feelings, but cried out, 0
my God, if it be thus to be baptized with the Holy Ghost,
what must it be to be baptized with fire. From that time
1 have been a member of the Latter-day Church,' and,
believe me, I would rather be an honest Atheist again.
than embrace the doctrines of any of the sects. If the
religion which profess be false, there is no true religion
upon earth."

IMPROVEMENT'S IN AGRICULTURE, CHIEFLY THE
WORK OF THE ANGLO-SAXO/1, RACE.—It is a most re-
markable fact, if you will pardon me for indulging in a
general reflection, that till lately all great discoveries and
improvements in agriculture seem to have been the pro-
duct of the very earliest infancy of mankind, Who can
tell, my lord, when that instrument that lies at the basis
of all civilisation, the plough, was invented ? Who can
tell when man first called in the partners of his labour,
the horse, the ox, -the cow, the swine, the sheep, and took
them into profitable alliance with himself? If you could
find out who was the shepherd that first caught the wild
dog, and taught him to-help and tend the flock, you ought
to rear a monument of brass or a marble cenotaph to his
memory—a higher monument than was ever raised to
hero or monarch. Who knows where the cereal grains or
the esculent roots were first cultivated ? There is but one
of them as yota,know, the potatoe, of which the history is
known—all the rest retire back into the darkest antiquity.
They were cultivated at a time when your ancestors- were
roaming over the morassesof the now beautiful free and
merry England—(cheers) 1 when our ancestors were roam-
ing painted savages through the land. Aye, and when the
Romans and Greeks were living on beech nuts and acorns
—(hear, hear). It seems, in fact, that in reference to the
progress of agriculture, mankind has followed that curious
law which Mr. Owen alluded to at the council dinner yes-
terday—the law that governs the ruminating animals in
the tropics. He pointed out to us most beautifully that
the ruminating animals there have a large fat lump
between the shoulders. This is nourished and grows in
the first five months of the year, when there is plenty of
food, and they get along with the hump as well as they
can through the seven succeeding months .of scarcity. So
it seems with mankind with respect to agricultual discove-
ries. In the very infancy of the race they get this large
fat hump between the shoulders, and for 3;000 years they
lived upon little or nothing else—(cheers and laughter).
The very plough that we read of in Virgil we may now see
in use in the south of Europe. We see it still in the
hands of the peasantry as we discover it in bas relief on
the sculptured remains of antiquity. It is a most pleas-
ing fact that this revival of the great art of agriculture in
these latter days of the world is the work-of the Anglo-
Saxon race of which you have spoken. It has been left
to you, and if you will permit me to say to, us, living as we
do in this ungenial climate, beneath these weeping skies ;
(the rain-was at this moment descending in torrents and
the observation was loudly cheered); it has been left to
us to do that which not Italy nor Greece has been able to
do with all their sunny. climate. Yes, and it is the want
of those tropical luxuries, those enervating breezes of the
south that has given you, that gives us, that hardihood,
that perseverance, that industry, that resolution, that are
worth all the spices and all the gold of the tropics—
(dicers). Yes it is this that enables you to make that
boast in which I hope you will permit me, for my country
to join—
" Man is the nobler growth our soil supplies,
And souls are ripened in our northern skies."
—Mr. Everett, at the Royal Agricultural Meeting.

THE. ILIATSTRACMD•, LONDON NEWS.--The second
volume of this spirited and elegant newspaper. for the
half-year ending with June, is made eomplete with a noble
and boldly executed. title-page, index, preface, Sc.c,, issued
with the usual weekly number of last Saturday. The suc-
cess. of this publication has been unprecedented ; we need
not say that it has also been deserved.

DUELLING.
mstietnutiendththeepdirismgreaocp
In our last we acquainted our readers with one of those
life, fore of aw
Ca no
I d
desperate and unhappy offences-which have so long con-
n theel Fcauwr re
tot
,fy
v, saosc
bi eut
ty .3 5
_A
a gallant soldier, for he had just received an honour for
his gallantry in the Chinese campaigns—and, a husband—
has been put to death by his own relative.. We are per-
fectly aware that this homicide has been. committed in a
duel, according to the rulas made by the clubs, military
messes, and such other high legal authorities, and that
though the law of the land,condemns such acts as murder,
yet as fashion says they are useful, very gentlemanlike,
and even very necessary, things, the law will not find itself
able to do anything in the matter;, and the person who
killed the deceased will go about his proper business. as
usual, unless, indeed, some similar invitation be given to
himself to go out and be killed, In the meantime a
goodly formality is gone through,_ every atom of which
might as well be spared, for it will be wholly ineffectual.
Everybody on and off the jury knows that Colonel Fawcett
was shot dead at five o'clock in the morning, after having
gone to the Hampstead road to shoot at, or be shot by,
another person that he was, killed on the spot ; and that
there is no doubt whatever that his miserable end, the
extinction of all his hopes, uses, and services in this
world, the widowing of his wife, and perhaps the bitter
sorrows of a mother and sisters, were all inflicted in the
space of five minutes after he alighted from his cabriolet,
by the hand of the gentleman who, also being allied to
him, came out for the purpose thus quickly and completely
accomplished.
Yet, if his antagonist on this unhappy occasion bad
shot Colonel Fawcett in his back, or at night, or in a wood,
or in a private room and alone, the case would be declared
murder and the murderer would be hanged. Yet, what
is the difference in the result ? None that we can possibly
discover. The gallant soldier is as much lost to life as if
he had been stabbed by an assassin ; the only palliative (I)
being, that he was killed with two gentlemen looking on
and a surgeon in attendance; that he was killed in the face
of day, and with a pistol in his hand, by which he might
at the same time have killed the husband of his wife's
sister; two individuals being thus destroyed instead of
one, and two sisters made widows at the same time.
But why was this act of blood committed? Nobody
knows. What has it remedied ? Nobody can tell. There
has been some rumour of some words between the an-
tagonists on some money transaction. Has a bullet the
faculty of clearing up the account ? has it made the
wronging party the right ? has it cleared the character of
any one? Not in the least. It bas only showed that one
of the parties could kill the other; and for this purpose
a soul is sent naked before God, in the very act of defying
his commands. Why should such things be in any country?
Why should they be tolerated for a moment in a country
1 whose proudest boast is that it holds the faith of the.

Scriptures in its purity? If paganism was never guilty
of this atrocious stain—if the bravest people of the ancient
world, the romantic Greek and the daring Roman, never
dreamed of it, as either a stimulant or a sign of national
courage—if it originated only in that dark and bloody
superstition which, making religion the sanction of every
vice, insulted the justice of heaven, by annexing its judg-
ment to the chances of the sword, until the monk and the
hired champion settled the price of life together, and the
trade of the assassin grew out of the abominations of both
—is it not time for Christian England to raise her voice
against this direct insult to all justice and all humanity ?
Why does not the church come forward to denounce the
crime ? Where are our bishops ? Why do they not com-
mand their clergy to preach against it? Where are the
gatherers of public meetings on a hundred purposes not
a hundreth part so important? Where is the association
of which we have heard so much ? And why are not the
authorities of the church called upon to protest in the
most solemn and decisive manner against a custom which
is a crying evil in the sight of God and man ? Why, we
ask, are not our bishops forward in the extinction of this
sport of blood and misery ?—Britannia.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE,

LIVERPOOL JULY RACES.-WEDNESDAY.

THE CROXTETH STAKES of 15 sovs each, 10 ft, with 30
added, for three-yr-olds, Est 81b ; four, Bst 21b ; five,
Bst 91b • six and aged, 9st ; mares, &c., allowed 31103.
One mile and a quarter. Eleven subs.
Mr. Jaques's Semiseria, 3 yrs.... .... (Copeland) 1
Mr. Ramsay's The Shadow, aged (W. Noble) 2
Lord Westminster's Martyr, 4 yrs..
Lord Chesterfield's Meal, 4 yrs
The following also started but were not placed :—Sir
W. M. Stanley's Forester, 5 yrs (Whitehouse) ; Mr.
Megson's Vitellius, 3 yrs (Jefferson) ; Mr. D. Cook's
True Boy, 3 yrs. Betting-7 to 4 agst The Shadow, 3to
1 agst Semiseria, 4 to 1 agst Vitellius, and 6 to 1 agst
Forester.
THE SEFTON STAKES of 30 Soya each, h ft, for fillies
now three-yrs old, Bst 71b each. Once round. Ten
subs.
Lord Eglinton's Egidia (G. Noble) 1
Duke of Richmon's Fragrance..
Sir R. Bulkeley's b by Despot, out of Acanthus
(Darling) 3
Betting-5 to 4on Egidia. The Acanthus filly cut out
alPithe work to the distance and retired
THE PRODUCE STAKES of 50 sovs each, h ft, for three-
yr-olds • colts, Bst 61b ; and fillies, ' Bst 31b. Two
miles. Eight subs.
Mr, Mostyn, s General Pollock, allowed 31b.. (Marlow) 1
Lord Westminster's f by Touchstone, out of Maid of
Honour, allowed 31b.. (Templeman) 2
General Sharpe's Messalina, allowed 31b.. , . (Marion) 3
Betting-7 to 4on General Pollock. who made the
running for the last mile, was challenged half way up the
distance, and after a capital race won by a head, ; Mes-
salina a good third. The first mile was a mere canter.
SWEEPSTAKES of 500 sovs each, h ft ; for three-yr-old
colts, Bst 81b, and fillies, Bst 31b. Stable corner in.
Three subs.
Lord Stanley's Aquils
Lord Eglintoun's Aristides
Betting-5 to 2on Aristides, who had won his race at
the distance, but showed temper, shut up, and was beaten
by a length and a half.
THE MERSEY STAREs of 25 sovs each, with 50 added ;
for two-yr-old colts, Bst 71b, and fillies, Bst 31b ; the
second to receive £5O out of the stakes. T.Y.C. Se-
venteen subs.
Lord, Westminster's. Fanny Eden, Sister to Auckland
(Templeman) 1
Mr Williamson's b c•The Cure......
Mr. M. Jones's BritiA Tar (M. Jones) 3,
The following also started but were not placed :—Mr.
Robinson's f April Naddy (Butler) ; Sir John Gerard's
bl c by Sheet Anchor, out of Lady Fulfordr (Marion) ;
Mr. Mostyn's Milton (Marlow) ; Mr. Jaques's Advice
(Holmes);- Mr. Gully's Theriacus (Nat) ; Sir R. Bul-
keley's f by Picaroon, out of Acanthus (Darling) ; and
Lord G. Bentinck's Best Bower (Rogers).
THE BICKEIISTAFFE STATUS of 100 sovs each, h ft ; for
colts, Bst 71b ; and fillies, Bst 11b. One mile. Twelve
subs.
Lord G. Bentinck's Gaper,. allowed 51b.... (Rogers) 1
Sir R. Bulkeley's Arundo, by Jereed, allowed 31b
(Darling) 2
Lord:Stanley's c.by Amurath, ont'of Mysinda, allowed
31b
Betting 5 to 0 agst Mysinda o, and 2 to 1 agst Gaper.
Gaper waited on the Jeroima colt (Arundo) to the dis-
tance, and won easy by a length.
THE MAIDEN PLATE of £6O,- for horses that never
won £5O; three-yr-olds, ist ; four, Sat 51b; five and
upwards, Bst 121 b ; mares, &c., allowed 31b ; the se-
cond receives £.IO-out of the plate. Heats, once
round and a dis.
Mr. Speed's Evertors,- 3 yr 5......... (Lye) 1 3 4 1
Mr. W. Thompson's Badwell Ash, 4 yrs
son 6 1 5 2
Mr. Dawson's Merry Andrew, 3 yrshom (Hapmby)) 5• 4 1 dr
Lord Chesterfield's c by Gladiator, d by Velo-
cipede, 3 yrs ....
Mr. Price's Gwenderline, 3 yrs... (J. H owlett) 4 5 2 dr
Mr.Tallentire'sßatwing,3yrs.. (Whitehouse) 3 dr
Won easy. The last heat was run at seven o'clock.

THURSDAY.
This was as .ine a day as could possibly be desired, and
the Trades' Cup forming an additional attraction to the
day's sport, the course was attended by a larger number
of spectators than we ever remember to have seen on any
former occasions The following is a return :--
The FOAL STATUES of 100 Sovs each, h ft, for foals of
1840. Colts, Bst 61b ; fillies, Bst 31b. Once round and
a distance. (9 subs.)
Duke of Richmond's b c Cornopean.... (Rogers) 1
Col Anson's b c Armytage
Lord Stanley's blbilec Aquilo
. (Nat) 3
Lord Eglinton's b e Aristides (Marson) 4
Betting :—Even, and 5 to 4 on Cornopean, and 3 to 1
against Aristides. Aquilo made the running at a good
pace, followed by Cornopean, Armytage, and Aristides,
in the order stated. At the bottom turn Cornopean took
the lead, with Armytage lying at his quarters. A splendid
race ensued to the chair, which was won by a neck only.
The TRADESMEN'S CUP, or PLATE, value 200 Sovs, given
by the Tradesmen of Liverpool, with 104 Sovs given
from the Racing Fund, added to a Handicap Sweep-
stakes of 25 Sovs each, 15 ft, and 5 only if declared on
of before the Ist July. Two miles. The winner to pay
30 Sovs to the Judge. The second to receive 50 Sovs
from the Stakes. (142 subs.)
78 Mr Meiklam's b c Aristotle, 4 yrs . . (Lye) 178 Mr J Lanshaw ns-bc Eboracum, 4 yrs. • (Cartwright') 2
6 0 Lord Eglinton's hr c Pompey, 3 yrs.... (Copeland) 3
The following also started :—Collina, Sat 41b ; Knight-
of-the-Whistle, Bst 41b ; Morpeth, Bst ; Moss Trooper,
Bst 41b ; Blue Bonnet, 7st 121 b ; Give-him-a-name, 7st Sib;
Thirsk, 7st 81b ; Mus, 7st 71b ; Rhodanthe, 7st 51b ; The
Major, 7st; Vakeel, 6st 121 b; Cable, Est 101 b; Lytham,
Est 611; Recompense, 6st 41b; ch g by Cain, 6st 41b.
Betting :--7 to 2 agst-Knight-of-the-Whistle, 4 to 1 agst
Pompey, 10 to 1 agst Morpeth, 10 to 1 agst Thirsk, 10 to
1 agst Mus, 12 to 1 agst Aristotle, 15- to 1 agst Moss
Trooper, 15 to 1 agst Blue Bonnet, and 100 to 6 agst
Eboracum.—There was one false start, in which Pompey
broke away from Copeland; Eboracum, Mus, and Give-
him-a-Natne also started before the signal was given, for
which their jockeys were each fined £5.. At the second
attempt a beautiful, start was effected. Value of the
stakes £1420.
The DERBY, HA NDICAP of JO Sovs each, pp, with 80 Sovs
added by the Right Hon. the Earl of Derby. One mile.
(34 subs.)
610 Mr Jaques's br f Semiseria, 2 yrs .. (Copeland) 1
9 4 Lord Wilton ns ch h Knight-of-the-Whistle,
5 yrs. ...... ....... 5
...
8 5 Col Cradock's b h Pagan, yrs ....
empleman) 3
The following also started :—Alice Hawt(Thorn, Marsbal
Soult, Ermengardis, Billingham Lass, St Jean d'Acre,
Vakeel, Recompense, Mysinda, Atalanta.
Betting :--Even, and 5 to 4 on Semiseria, who made all
the running, was never headed, and won in a canter by a
length. A fine race for second was won by half a length.
Billingham Lass wa four Atalnta fifth, Alic Haw-
thorn sixth, and St.s th,
Jean d'Acrea seventh, thee others
beaten off.
A. FREE HANDICAP of 10 Sovs each, 25 added, for all
ages.. One mile and a quarter. (11 subs.
Lord G Bentinck's bc St Jean d'Acre, 4 yrs.. bdale) 1
Mr Hornby's br g Champagne, 6
yrs ... (E
.... (Oates) 2
Betting to 4on St Jean d'Acre, who made the
running, was never headed, and won after a pretty race
by a neck.
Her MAJESTY'S PLATE, value 100 Guineas. Three-
olds, year-
olds, 7st 51b ; four, Oat lib ; five, Oat
111 b ; sixand
aged,
10st 21b. Two mile heats. (20 subs.)
Mr Elummer's brn Alice Hawthorn, 5 yrs (Heseltine) 1 1
Lord Chesterfield's br g Jack, 3 yrs ...... . (Nye) 2 d
Capt Harcourt's b c Sir Abstrupus, 3 yrs.... (Lye) 3 d
Col Anson's b c Puncher, 4 yrs ........ (F. Butler) 4 d
Lord Miltown's Marius, 5 yrs ...... (Wakefield) dis
il/First Heat.—Detting 2 and 3tol on Alice Haw-
thorn, who took the lead, pulling hard, was never caught,
and won in a heat by two lengths. Marius went for the
51b Goodwood allowance.
Second Heat.—Alice walked over.
A :Yana for £5O was run between Mr Mellor's Miss
Lucy (Taggat). and Mr Dubbin 's Grace P yle opwood),
which was won by the former. A
more " (Hopen" affair
we never saw; the rider of Grace
Pyle had the
difficulty in preventing his mare from winning. He
greatest
was
obliged to " cut and run " after the race or he would
have been pretty well handled by the mob.

FRIDAY.
The GROSVENOR STARES of £l5 each, 5 ft, with 30
added, for three-yr-olds 7st 41b, and
four Bst 1011);
mares and geldings allowed 31b; 11 subs.
Lord Eglinton's bl f Egidia, 3 yrs .... J Howlett—w. o.
The LIVERPOOL Sr. LEGER of 45 each, with 100 sous
added, for three-yr-old colts Bst 81b, fillies Bst 31b ; the
second to receive £5O : one mile and three quarters :
23 subs.
Colonel Anson's ch c Napier .............. Butler 1
Mr. D. Cook's b c True Boy, by T0tni;0y........ Lye 2
Sir R W Bulkeley's b c Arundo by Jerced .. ..Neale 3
Mr F R Price's ch c Colin C1ink.......... Cartwright 4
Mr. Worthington's br c Hooton, by Despot .. Francis 5
18 paid.—Betting : 5 to 2 on Napier, and 5 to 1 agst
True Boy. Sir Richard Bulkeley's colt made the running
at an excellent pace, with Colin Clink close at his
haunches, followed by True Boy and Hooton, with Napier
in the rear. In this order they ran to the bridge turn,
when Napier advanced, and, passing Hooton, took his
place next to True Boy. Outside the distance the latter
took the lead and kept it to the stand, when Napier went
up, and won in a canter by a length, After the race,

soissommossosmos....,,, beir•
1, t aftleartel
77
laBo distance.Ls iorrmid .
Neale complained of Lye's crossing him, "I/ aec
ing evidence on the matter, the stewards
01111.'
favour of True Boy. AA ato ~,i
The STAND CUP, value £lOO in specie, arep OP-
dicap Sweepstakes of £l5 each, 10 ft. u°c- 1
s Westminster'st
a uley,
sYbts
7 0 Mr Merry's b c Cable, 4 yrs ...... "i„,*;;',010
710 Mr W H Hornb 's br Champagne' Car ,G
11,0 i
7 0 Lord Sligo's b f Winter, 3 yrs •••• • • • 11/e4O
Betting :-5 to 4 agst Cable, 4 to 1
8 7 Lord Howth's b h Morpeth, 5 Yrs " lii'o4rPeP" se
agst oso °, to
1 agst Forester, and 6 to 1 agst ChainPageeeollon•O
away with a good lead at a rattling P,segliosr,il4
Martyr, Cable, Forester, Morpetb, ann, `,T, till arlrisl,
order stated. Champagne contioued risingusettlO
of a mile from home, when Cable p"ededi"
lenged him, and after a desperate race, sn°',-eek. ~
ting up in the last few strides, and won bY a h 54
The STANLEY STAKES of £l5 each, 10 fr,v•lit); fillie',s
for two-year-olds Est 121 b, and three 9st 2`,,ie stsse.
hbFgogrAelsatertry,rs,4yrysr.s:::Cope .41
geldings allowed 21b : the second to save P l'
itet'S'
subs. nailing' hitt
Mr F R Price's bl fby Piccaroon, 2 yrs. • --Nir floir 3
Duke Lord Guf
Richmond'sßentinck's brbc
IBest Flagrance,Bower ,32yyrr05.....
.. 00:
Sir J Gerard's b c Voltaire .. .... . ...... "*OreAteol
Lord Chesterfield ns b c Therfacus, 2 Yrs 2.sist ,Ver
Betting : 5 to 2 agst Best Bower, st° - tss '••iir.
colt, 4 to 1 agst Theriacus, and 4 to offsgst.th tbe
00.
Best Bower and Flagrance jumped wi.ted• fog
abreast, and it looked like a match to Ore ;age!, •
little Darling brought up his mare, and lute' he'
, ~,,, t
won by a neck. The Voltaire colt was last ''''',hb fli
The KNOWSLEY DINNER STAKES of £lOO efocePlatio,
colts Bst Glb, fillies Bst 21b, now yearlingseq udere'as
Colonel Anson's ch c Napier ... ...... • F. '4 whirl',
ATihrse.i x
JS
aoEndeLsraNbg
eGgd STAKEST,
stb
:iw aini ,
nna aged.....
sweepstakesfive
...............................
70 added; three-yrs-old 7st, four Bst 41b, 00,t le
Lord receiveC
61b ; mares and eldin allowed 31b ; touhes, 101
Mrlkir Jj WMeagle°
Mr. Lancaster's be e The Prior, 4 yrs TeinleD3 d 1 V
Sir W M Stanley's b c Pensive,Y ' "h. LtlYe - 4.01:4
yrs l'
Lord G Bentinck's b c St. Jean de Acre, 4 Y 3 0
e Chesterfield's
rrnsfi,o,ssevlbsbdrl: heats,
1. lei; ere 2: ! 0
nate go ,
heat, 2 to 1 0n22:2:ri0z._._::_...:..ivi1tj......,).........e
ts
0:18 a 4 1
3 yrs
Betting :-First heat, 3 to 2 agst Vite,,,l. toe; Al
bed T ior
nuketenaL E
season- R ioofroNr
heat, 7 to 2 agst the Prior, and 3 to 1 act llfoe ; fa'
sfeTANiu"pigtt
oeulerly,i u 43,
yr35ry5r.5....w.........;...t.i-,:usset; 0
otps.t:
heat, 13 to Bon the Prior, 6to begst TiP leferil.
atandsTheside a littleGtth.
braced,common
m m o andn
honesti t is so pr
women'sof o u nd ,
thimblesthat
umi; et: lies- - --gcbtetroc tle:stcb-bi. ele6ndite?;ool
man putteth a pea, demonstrating the saulbet be Or
„ne 1,4
genious passenger ; he bets the passe•egerb"ch "•• 0'
shift the thimbles so that he cannot ten w ',,eger Ego,'
that has the pea under it , the ingenious Priss',d 0460
superior-bets-watches ;he thimble in its rati tbs'„iof
does not lose sight of it once-touches it ana q'be call#
not the pea under it, but another. Nnw',i,sbles'isti
wight with the table, while shifting fistt"thisie,,.o.•
adroitly jerked the from th ` 07;0
pea underunder a 6 .
~.
his hand, and afterwards dropped it as ill .ocl
that the more the ingenious passengers sineileceeajdf
ing the errant thimble, the more he doesn't re,ssV.
tbet. The Times says that a single carPelle4oO,st„fices,''
o construct 65 thimble 'gg' tables for xi-',coali low
-riing where are three , tbe 10.
If dozen e a ~0
each. Each " worker" has some ha tbre,6 tituo
so, says the leading Journal, there must But if v:„Is ~,
hundred thimble-riggers on the course. ny Oni'ce.';
gives 400 swindlers on the course h°vr tuft's- Pr'er-or
there he ? that is a sum in the rule's of Porter P
be worked in the next session of Mr. r°`.-
of the nation.--Spectator. E'
iAfi SP '
BANKING AND COMMERCI•'-
eEnnßTdgih_lnkaengnedt.N.
~.xh, pe_foolv2rit
stt oh:fFeociffßo coalju
Truhinid
----
, tweet Y aresiet.,
THE TWEED B A.N dividend i 'd "-
ic.-A 0 ~;,,t 0 i
in the pound has been d 1 d n tbe in`" sfrle
ec are o _ ir
of Mr J 1 W.l . oin i son, of the Tweed Dan"•,, „ from O
from Bristol
tons in the year 1841, to 2181 tons in 1021° ~ o
third. -RIGGING.
sefigt
gsa IS
inaTrehaeseavoefragxe4,sot2o7c,koo43f, bullion
c'arapbea,eculanbdwel,fehrt°llleleoec ft
c.-•'‘ ' I
SOW
or°thAeoooe°lllef°lll
lleinv the"24th iocrertit
stated to be £11,873,900, which 'show ajontb, attoriv.
£548,000, as compared with the previaos iii, die lir
„cit.-- .i.O „ig ii.- op
de Lyon states that water-pipes reaned-oade 7,00 d;
covered with a coating of bitumen, beingala'll3,-- es
,A,
into each other, with bitumen joints' arif; t:et V
tured at Rive-de-Gier. These') • s w'-' 1 f''
pipe es o ti
bear a higher degree of pressure than those soli
and are 30 per cent. cheaper. 00 re#
~ id end tb,ol
At the Union of London Bank the 02°0400u "-4d f"01
rate of 5 per cent. per annum, &ling •••' 3s• • .efol
a „..,, 29, 400
served fund,
. , id, which now amounts to .s.'"The balsa
is invested in Government securities. ~,,,, co..d, •OS.
unappropriated profits was stated at I.:29,wai_iclea A
this would leave. after the payment of tbed fti'o 0,11 es 4
of income tar.. the addition to the reserve „loin' , A
deduction of £5OO in liquidation of tbe 14 ftri
„nog.,"
penses, a surplus of £6,317 6s. 2d.
t the f°.'bei3tr:ttiV
THE DISTRICT
_ _ BANK.--We extract gess fs,,•tte/
Iviessrs. Raillon's Share Circular :-The, deef, Vet/
Liverpool District Bank is preparing a nge„",;pital ",.0.. 104°0'
ment to reduce the liability by call 0, ••••,;. apP•a s s per
pounds per share on the 75,000 ,shares 0° eijere.4s rt,
be con olli 15
-towards which. ten pounds are to ,0, s bet ea
ready • paid, and on which a dividend 0, necelo4,re
nliwoee,elkiB:4o2N..
isla.,,iii ;:tone:ripat.
share is declared for the half-year ending '''• per
1842-together with a bonus of five sbilOge 5 0,,e0 '
Huddersfield, hich i s now
Manchester,
t s hei g h t ;
signing the new deed.
HANtBURGII TRADE.-The -- iery, the - ,ir
both •
taking out and bringing in verYc„.ol, 0 anof
anierst they destios
decitzti 4
fortyimports consting, as to bulk, chic& n. .rts' covite,
rot. unmburgh2teesauleetr:sst9:l°,
consisting very largely,pf bale goods--w°ol° arbi/3„te rile'
silks, cotton-twist, &e. 4; with hardware' tkeY "•folf Or
spatched by railway, steamers, and
The steamers are bringit?g no live cattle;
oa stritAii
better employed. The wool is, instantlY reft,f° ..11
small floes*
and the elletis, ery, 61,
..j 1
The London Joint-stock I3on
and o
Paper. tor 9 deo" V
Or
dividend at the rate of 6 per cent. t° 1,, stab% 01, es
£5,000 from their guarantee fond, pow to frolett,
£90,003 15s. 9d., to regulate this PaYtne-apPlie- ii° 0'
holders, the balanceofprofit
an loss efore tlirs,s•
ther tbe an
dividend being £12,183 17 rd and "car sa
,Aare! je .- 00
cient to this extent for meeting the cleu' 0 tro' to to'
tors wish to continue. The depression °tbe love ePIII6
abundance of unemployed capital, withto to r
set
interest, are sufficient causes, accordintg„eofits• „roetsi
account for this temporary decrease` 0, r ~ the rtioo4o
THE WINE TRADE.-Thefolio wing 17 coo pi
,00 r toe
arrangement of the long-pending fines,,lo, to,„ties, fir,
return of duty,
anto wine merchants st°' 1., of duties,
in the event of reat for the reductio tries. e 0,06
„sing COOP 000 nt bass'
made with any of y • the wine-V.o' olv• 11 frg'si.
duty is to be returned to dealers. o .. ~,, 0, 0
wine to be consumed on the Premin tbe tecliptli
the benefit of the return unless.theY -1 °e ,clip
'
1., he e ell
license. Dealers to be excluded o'o or 00,0;11 osr
wine, or wine from the Channel,lslands;urood°`bistepsi
same premises. 2. The duty will he re ip the.° the i
will be madatuotnhethgeuttandutitaly
wine as may be henceforth cleared frr'fooa of Ott' tie
k dirc:4lo, 04,
Provided a stock equal thereto shall b,e,tion Teo 0,40
ler's possession at the time of the re ,'e,,-",.ed, the
re_etis
the stock be less than the quantity c'eli. 'ref ra'or,
turn
vi i n
des t,uotive%3
tion, or if any other foreign
limited, however,
or French wine, within two years. Previ•thin toartjer.,
of the vtieclar'-it? '
before, even if the stock should exceei,r of tl!,000,,,
Declarations are to be forthwith called
suaroinstP in !,, ill
stocks at present, to be tested by an eto kePoor";10/0
dealer, open to the inspection
stock and bin books. 4. IS. book is
~eeise ad, sad
which shall be entered the stock nos°• reiL° err
alive reiettcl
account of all wines received in or - gta•vo g
separate account of wine exported. aretised Pyre
TRADE WITH THE EAST.---Tile COligorafia.ftbeto Sere
of the number of British ships entered Ini•toits lied ber
• • the I joy°. 5t 41°
outwards from and to places within 1 its 0
, Ist o ~es 4 tOO
India Company's charter, from tne„o3, P ke 0
30th of June, in the years 1842 and i to the of tPtotol,
prepared by Mr. Stikeman, secret statement
the it
,_,
and China Association. From the stal.e.tbSt 191 ooFii
and tonnage entered inwards, it aPPetbile ,nof io 5,1
1842 was 442 ships, and 172,820 tons, ;ease 0,46 tO
L':lls9lioctioligeesid:o,o:g,:,
391 ships, 159,719 tons, being a iaeat VailOtiik, I
13,101 tons. The number entereSS„ sbjpS, io lgOslno
ships, 122,031 tons, in 1842, and 21yo tossfoos
005, 01
in 1843 ; at Liverpool 106 ships, 43'; orist°ol99l4ooose
85 ships 36,321 tons, in 1843; „3'cbips• ''4,90,.g 0te,,,r1
ships, 2,565 tons, in 1842, and "v.- shiPs;rbe l'ilwir
1843 ; and at Clyde, Leith, 8.:e., *Lijs4 3. )v OW 13ilir
1842, and 27 ships, 9,868 tons, in,,,,, spir,;tribill'ile tirt'
crease has been in the ship Ping from
at ' POP,
tius, being set down for the f0re0.,,,6 to age
of ed tioo
tons, and for the latter 31 ships, 71 isoreeim jeo4o,ior
ping from Calcutta there has been aef the 10190 tosvoo'
14,432 tons. From the statemelll_, the o_lo 5.60
nage cleared outwards it appears To it w 50/J 119400)
463 ships, 205,314 tons; while 0f ShiPS;DiPP ; Oifif
155,154 tons, being a decrease 0 was 260 in % ,/ Jl,
The number cleared from Lon,R°ol4 toes, 'fld l'e es'eltid
tons, in 1812, and 195 ships,. 1 ''''in toes,
j4011043'00:,
Liverpool, 110 ships, 50,190 te,,,nelstol all ie 4,111 rit
45,371 tons, in 1843; from Bristol 014 ton•esi tort
2,636 tons, in 1842, and 1 shiPP,,,e,33„,,Ohe pri 0,6011
from the Clyde, Leith, Sz.c., 85143. liobaY' iv_,Pll.4l
and 79 ships, 29,502 tons, in d for 9.,:icottiliforde As
crease has been in ships eleare for v 5 fokeas'or.'
amounts to 33 ships, 24,808 tons
tons' an i Pea ill 0 Or;
amounts to 17 ships, 11,137 3,210tons'e nor
tto! tio
where it amounts to 11 ships, o,ers tile rioli l'iiios
is certainly serious both in the nedorci t°01), °" to ilfie cero
and cleared outwards; but with r,,t'jerati_nod„ the 106
cumstance is to be taken into comical' svrcier los, Os
e t 5 Ch OP
the amount of ships and tool of lid 04
cease
sual extent during the first hal lois and
s for tbe
stant transmission of troop
- fore, • ht• 11
commercial point of view, there first sig- st ire
formidable 1 •ht seem at lest elill ti
as i might s ale ,at ,be
_Ace li"pel' oe' err
''rely es_e tbe el)
THE CusTom-HOUSE AGAl:%hortl' e 0 124
some strange disclosures maY
cubicbohsli ita
to certain bll transactions, ill ~ costO
of the higher departments Of the
I gaged,-Times,

,N
4,, Fr A I,
"'E OF TRADE.
„,,,,,.
ith --------
.44 41114 tabs of Pugh; as far as our inquiries have
111111, be Prices has not suffered any diminution, the
tri 101" Tire "rnewb its "vit, larepai„, at slack, and the market generally has
4 4Ot .‘nd it isluT,B for the antanin trade are proceeding
tee!b5.....,--thess von°,"'e hoped that rli moderately brisk des-
a:lll,‘,..Ht d.„„. -" be transacted.
)4-41411-s7tiatterand for woollen 'cloths of the better quail-
Nett:e.*. r„,1; and on 'Saturday the market was re-
%).l‘l,,e—r,lnensnday ttheye was a. good sharet of !psis-
-44,110,1,- lieltimpairova:rial zllnertahticoudetnio nanode
finnrphome.
1741514::izi.a •
it
1,1% 'ltitalretrient tzttim.—We are happy to report a con-
% trai 40 at this
fan, the ,demand for both Fancy Goods and
IlAkelltedlt Partic,:,rket• 'On Tuesday a good deal of busi-
itt 44._Skinp'`ally in Worsted Checks, dart Kersey%
Asitl44p 'Liter. ' The WOol market was not only more
11t,. kft.
.kttr:,
V% ni %ark.; t
_—there was a good attendance of ,mer-
Ikb.ltte Aek.iy-a",uore MI 1 hursda-w th a steady, demand
kfelettltess,lhan „2riescriptions at prices, in some cases, a
klik,,,eoo 4e. boure, 'eoely realised. The sales of Yarn
v c., itiquenti r hame
kk1y4414 wtt ea Yt"°- eonsumption and for export, and
1,4, Used •There was a large supply of Wool at
114 114444, Paces to be less firm than of late.
a' '4l). all 1.."-4he sales
4:l* u 44 it kindS of .. here continue remarkably
~44otev ..active d tne heavy stuffs manufactured for
It pehs,.. aged
~_ ernand, at prices very similar to those
44,4 'wad, :for sorne time past. The Wool market is
16 0"00,
1,474142. t C,ThliVre ju
hlitin7l:44 '..."55e1l ge
c;;W. ;3.—The supply of Wool_ to this
ktizte.4 itgdod
attendancehof buyers, andthe,nasktntioewts-
t,i,‘ ,i'vs' thuirh indifferente e b manufacturingy
transaction'
, th,„...ooqd_,.ssiness is neither .pleasurable nor profits-
Ite's‘hlot 4'o.lll47el4reirt aids
over to next week, unsold. So-
kol ,0114,44., I%k. 168 good bred wold do., lts to lls 3d;
lio qhl. "urd 10 s• 6d
; locks and cots, 6s 6d to es ; moor
44 kt4g, od bred), Ss 3ch; •d0..d0. outside, 4s 8d per
),Nit, talk
I the l'ot m,
k1441,4111),Ae1g, hver, of alc?tr, Jut,., B.—ln consequence of a
thatitltt, th'ette dete'whieh no public noticowas given, se-
p,it refore'm d below, having Wool on board. The
&Std. )oue,.(win nei..eonsiderably less of Lincolnshire Wool,
'Oat to Sp,er'qhFr Qourbood.very little was brought. The
o,l_ "Itap)tchl's 12p toti()-daY. but no advance could be oh-
titSt
pt.
sMARd cots :
t6od,s: average 10964 to I Is 6d ; in-
i4klAtt4l„4l4,:easoPT•s-The mark t of last week was one of
e...hoigiels."lber:.the notnber of sheetse exhibited being greater
:1141.1:4,1474:1,(1,:rtt.0avne7: iebeas.siio, ::,ngand all sold with the exception of
tak4t,4,,.... , the et Tuesday last, when there was again
fully equ 11 to those of the pre-
tisrloakt- '5 to and Per'i all being cleared off, at rather improving
IWitlt:attlyild
rif.froi,..st being the average.
%lig), '"
knell's' week for .:--T hefidemani d'hto-tday,e htigsglinenedn.
ttlil4ll4. ()Ts po44l!lired aft.r.
three
„....(I,hte ao dr_ ? whitepriceasnnareespr, etuty Well main-
weeks ag0..., staplers taking prices which

111
Eg
th 4 ktel'Alr
tlttlarvating
• .of - Made , EXTRAORDINARY.—Pre pare
Itait'sfom , theb. ~or-the celebration of the 100th an-
SidNett—sall ;Thirth,dsY• of Mr. William Shuldham, of
test4Nesi ds'Qnttle 11th inst.. A large number of
‘4.4,e,,eitiri the
ne-i.olt.eettissued to the gentry, tenants,
nandre.,"unarhood. The poor also, amount-
ch " will join in the festivities of the
P'.ess•
ble,„ at ',each gave 13A2.ar c
1110*-Nisa f)aVe ..,tißETlss.—The Court. of
iltf Vet 1.11 reter'eugment on the 23rd ult. in an 171-
P otNiautf 'us tru OCe to banking securities. lhe
lit* Ills wereBte!s
„. of the East of Bank; 0h..t0 tbrelative Lione, Wigg, a cattle-dealer, and
Zltiltr's, in 1)&110' vyno had joined him in a bond for
6,"t‘, t, his f' as security 't
M tOt .11(1 alto° or advances uponn acre-
te set r. Lionel Wigg >baying eome
V‘Pelsattnslthe,etles refesing to .pay, an action was
o,lof hi. Wigirilich was resisted on the ground
Jerre, Dot 'see% aving occasionally over-paid the
tp„, I... Pet liable, the bond had been discharged, and
101,,,.;101 ph 401 e, v..
oznet cat eatua,, Lie cause came on for hearing
toelleri _ ", at the sitting after Michalmas
opinitoverdiet swag found for -the plaintiffs,
tt0%1444,1; 10r ti„,„11 of the Court on a-special case. The
staoelnnect Vnent last Trinity Term, when Mr.
that there was not the-clightest pre-
ttsiitiiti out ereditg that the payments made by Lionel
o:ll4ilk_Ue ttiis_i::ere
discharge of the bond, and
in.
P-I:hhe itehfetkhaint-would be caused to banking
a jedUourt t dime
if such a defence could
Artbi tea nook time to consider their judg-
st the Cy gave.judgment in favour of the
°rid, with interest and costs.

V 44,
kio/4
41/4
*- N
:URAkoat,PIRMARY REPORT, July 15 ,4144
bt
ADMITTED. 4 •
1%. •
•' • 20 In-patientq
atequest 8 fit-Patients
•• • • 0 Casuals during the week
I
3
" • 2 Reinainin the house... .

nekiitt
4°ll 44
etl:t'elle,
r. Forshaw and Mr .Dawsua
?IrLbec. • •ftev. R.-Davies.
Otia,Vlr. `9.r• W.
and
Orgeoia
.ladstone and Mr. Tomlinson-
-4' ..... Mr. T Inman
4'l) "
BOLD, Treasur
aekti TIM-b
(ki‹: 'l2° il And 1° ER
t,. AT LIVERPOOL
duty paid
, 0 @ 1.8 10
i; I°o :55 U §
• 0 14 10
sit6.lUe t o
.hic7c 10— 17 7 0
.4.t4014. ••• • • • 0 34: 0 1
jitlkt44l~4, •• • • •*-8 0 ___
?:k• •
°f.lthi o
0 :••"•.• •• " 5 0 7,4
1/14,h.. pt,ttitiikia • • ••°7— 0 10 1
'.l
L14)1 ° 9 1 6 1214
440 k): efeet I.e°ll none. 1
,v
tb:14414,1'44. "' 3 6 4 6 lls
14;• ' •
tlt:k tio.2lA);•• •
At. 141.%4
e 414; • • •• • "0— 55
-

I 4

8 10 1.e2 0
5 10 IS.

'1.60 0 —175
none

N.,11..
meh•• .. • 10 10 17
S. IC, 8.
LAmer • Con,,:' • • i 4 ..
4114 d,, rect
.."7, 0 0 2
Nl4-‘Ol Yell '• • 1 7 2
tit qll t•• °W •
• lit . • ..... • 1 24 1
'-----___-ji... 2 0
--
2

286
26
0°

10
0
0 IS,
3
91

-6
J I 31
2 '

~ ti

_ ~

: 4 MI •c 4 7 4 r :
q b . . A S
. hA; t.l
' ' '''-- -;‘.;
" 'i
g ;1
N -.., , ‘ 4 ~-;-: --- - - '' . '
'-' "S " "----7
2 >, :
• - , _

04
yj

ti

I et Pi:: 2 :
.
"t;
„ 9 2,
,2
,„t‘ *f; tr
gy,rl
:

a~C~ ;ti'o •ti oa
~~
~ 7 ~ ~~
~'`~c~yc~~..^

ad per hi

'4-4

perload

ild yid

t;', -

a ~ .~
c. ~ -

E,,9

-
7,1