The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1850-01-08 00:00:00

Irs. MASON, of

it, the wife of
a daughter.
the wife

:s, Eq.,

Same day, at Lunford-hall, Mal
FREDERICK THORNTON RAIKF
On the 30th ultimo, in Gloucester-pint,
of Mr. ALFRED JACOB, of a daughter.
Same day, at Llwynonn, Denbighshire, Mrs. BRANCKER,

_
of a son. -
On the Ist instant, at Edinburgh, Mrs. JAMES BLACE-
WOOD, of a daughter.
On the 2nd instant. the wife of Mr. C. W. M`KELVEY, of
Ryley's-gardens, of a 'son and daughter.
On the 4th instant, at Rock Ferry, the wife of the Rev
CHARLES JONES, of a son.
Same day, the wife of WM. NEIL MONP
street, of a son

Esq., Peel-

Yesterday, at Aigburth, Mrs;
daughter.

JOHN SWAINSON, of

MARRIED

Lately, at the Register-office, Islingtc. „_
Mr. WALER SKULE, youngest son of Mr.. Charles Skule, of
High Wycombe, Bucks, to Miss ELLEN FOSTER, youngest
daughter of the late Mr. John Foster, watch-manufacturer, of
this town.

On the 15th ultimo, at Corfu, GEORGE DE LA POER
BERESFORD, Esq., aid-de-camp, sou of the late Henry Barre
Beresford, Esq., of Learmount Castle, Londonderry, to ANNA,
daughter of Major-General CONYERS, commanding the
troops in the lonion Islands.

On the 22nd ultimo, at the Re
WALL, Esq., to Miss KERR, of I

Ater-office, Low-hill, WM

On the 24th ultimo, at St. Philip's nurch, Mr. GEO
LEA to Miss MARY WOODHOUSE.
On the 25th ultimo, at Dumfries, 7 .1111\
upholsterer, off this town, to MARGARET, daugh
EDGAR, cabinet-maker, Dumfrie.
Same day. -" M.- - "qs CRACKET

Mr. JOHN GIBSON,
,q,mhter of Mr,

at Epworth, ... J. SMITH to Mta..
Ile above wedding verified the following, as the I

could very truly say,
My wife my lathe,
My sister is m
'My wife my fathe (laughter is,
My father is my brother.

ter is,
mother,

On the 26th ultiino, at the Cathedral, Bangor, M
FRICKER, of Rock Ferry, Cheshire, to MARTHA
daughter of Mr. FRICKER, ofTrosycanol, near Bang,
Same day, at Llanbeblig Church, Mr. B. R. HEA
this town, to ELIZA DOROTHEA, youngest (1.-
LLOYD -- ' • t r -ty surveyor- 0-

LEY, of
T of Mr.

_ architec, .act coum. c.;arnan,on.
Same day, at Mount Pleasant Chapel, by the Rev. Dr. Crich-
ton, Mr. DONALD GRANT, of Wrexham, to JESSIE, young-
est daughter of Mr. ROBERT APGREGOR. of Mull, Argyle-
shire.

Same day, at Gargrave, Mr. D. HODGSON, farmer
grazier, Swetton, to Miss BELL CALVERT, of Flasby.
Same day, Mr. JOSEPH NEWBY, of Leander-street, to 11,'
D. GROUND.

Same day, at St. Augustine's Church, Bristol, JOHN OLD,
Esq., professor of music, Barnstaple, North Devon, to ELIZA-
BET, third daughter of JOHN S. VINNING, Esq., professor
of music, London, and sister to the "Sappho," Miss L. Vin-
ning.

Sime day, at Kirk Braddan, Isle of Man by the Rev. Wm,
Drury, Mr. WM. BAMBEK, of this town, ELEANOR, only
daughter of Mr. J. CLAGUE, assistant - harbour- master;

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

We have received from Mr. Councillor Parker the sum of .£5,
as a donation for the District Provident Society. This is a
very practical commencement of the subscription which
Mr. Parker benevolently originated on Wednesday, in the
Council chamber ; and we doubt not that if any active mem-
ber of the committee of the society waited on other members
of the Council he would find a general disposition to further
swell the receipts of this noble institution, which is the
means of conferring incalculable benefits at this inclement
season on our deserving poor.
Several letters received yesterday were too late to receive
attention.
The scolding of the Albion we receive with due deference; but
it is somewhat ludicrous to.receive correction from a journal
which abuses the advocates of protection in such foul-
mouthed language, and with so many fishwife-like epithets.
Perhaps our contemporary will be surprised to hear that we
received, for our exertions to reduce the parish expenditure,
the thanks of numerous correspondents, and several gentle-
men have waited personally upon us to express their obli-
gations for our humble services.

J:f)t Etherpool &tanbarb.

TUESDAY

111ORNI

G, JAN. 8, 1850.

THE Manchester Guardian of Saturday, in his
reply to our observations on the accumulation of
gold in the Bank of England, and its causes, con-
fines himself to a reiteration of his peculiar views
on the subject of foreign exchanges. We leave it,
therefore, for the public to decide whether, with
respect to the remaining features of the subject, we
or he have maintained our position. Before pro-
ceeding to that part of the question, upon which the
Guardian still maintains his correctness, we must
briefly repeat his views.
In order to account for the accumulation of gold
in the bank, our contemporary stated, in substance,
that owing to the unsettled state of European insti-
tutions, London was rapidly becoming the money-
market of the world, the merchants in continental
countries preferring to make their remittances to
each other, by drafts on some London banker, to
running the risk of direct remittances, or drafts in
a currency liable to be converted into depreciated
paper, or to be otherwise affected in value. Hence,
and in order to effect such operations, they had
lodged large amounts of their banking capital in
London. We demurred to this view of the case as
contrary to all mercantile experience, and showed
that such continental remittances, or exchanges,
would continue to be made in the ordinary manner,
—that a merchant, say at Frankfort, wishing to re-
mit to another in Vienna a certain amount, would
simply buy a bill from some one who had funds
to draw from that city, securing the payment of
the amount in question.

Our contemporary denies that this is the ordinary
mode of effecting such a transaction. He says :
"A merchant in Frankfort who wished to remit
£l,OOO in value,' to Vienna, would not, under ordinary
circumstances, go about the exchange at Frankfort, trying
to buy some bill that might or might not exactly answer
his purpose. He would request his banker to draw on
Vienna for the precise amount, in Austrian currency,—
say 10,000 florins,—and would remit the bill to his corres-
pondent, who would receive the amount in Austrian
currency."

Before proceeding further, let us inquire upon
whom the banker would draw, and how he would
meet the obligation. He might have credit with
some Viennese banker; but he would have to re-
place the money in some manner, and thus become
himself, instead of his customer, subject to the con-
tingencies of revolutions, &c. The merchants'
banker, we contend, would proceed precisely as the
merchant himself might have done. He would
purchase a bill on Vienna, at the current rate of
exchange, or procure one to be drawn by some
house possessed of funds there, ensuring the pay
anent of the amount to he remitted, the co
which bill he would debi
The Guardian goes on

of his co

,o his customer

:7!dard suggests,

or as many florins as were

,wand ; and these were
al use between the two

7 cours,

of business, ho

nobody could -tell What might be the state of political
affairs in Vienna or Frankfort, or the value of Austrian or
Frankfort currency, when a bill, drawn upon either city
should arrive et

something would have to be done before
' the draft of his

maturi

True, bro-

he accepted
latter havin

g drawn the bit

correspondent
calculated in

of attracting gold to this country. The continued
influx of precious metals, however, to Great Britain,
so long after the existence of the causes, which led to
the influx of capital, is to be accounted for as a
pure currency fact. The foreign capital referred to
has left us, or is fast leaving us. We trace its exit
in the large increase. which has taken place in our
exports. The gold, we say, as we did in our last,
remains, because it is appreciated here as compared
both with our manufactured products, and with its
value in other countries.

9 B

OUR Irish fellow-countrymen are really a strange
people ; and perversely opposed to their own inter-
ests, now, as they have been at any period within
the memory of man, or even within the range of
historic record itself. For twenty years past the
mass of the Irish people have been agitating for
the removal of imaginary grievances, and for the
attainment of intangible benefits; whilst year by
year they have been sinking lower in the social
scale. Demagogue-worship and priest-worship
have pervaded her middle classes; whilst her pea-
santry have thrown themselves into whatever sys-
tem of wild outrage has been proposed for their
adoption. Continual social turmoil, combined with
the darker phases of crime resulting from mid-
night legislation, have gradually driven capital and
enterprise from her shores; and, as the climax of
her fate, she has lately seen the sole remaining
source of her prosperity,—nay of her very exist-
enceas an industrial people—surrendered by would-
be rebel representatives, at the dictation of an
antinational clique, or for the venal purpose of
purchasing places or emolument for a few of the
hireling impostors, who preyed upon her vitals so
long as she had a drop of blood to feed their
avarice.

Ireland had but one dependence left to save her
population from utter wretchedness, and her name
from being handed down to posterity only as the
source of weakness to a great people—the pest-
house of a mighty empire. That was her Agri-
culture. Possessed of a fertile soil, and with
natural capabilities, which ought to have rendered
her the envy of the world, universal improvidence,
and slavish superstition had dragged her masses
dowit to the verge of pauperism, when agitation
stepped in to complete the ruin. The liberal ma-
jority of the Irish members passed the repeal of
protection to British and Irish agriculture. They
handed over to America and Hamburgh the Irish
provision trade first ; and they consummated their
work by surrendering the advantages, offered by
their proximity to the British markets, to the entire
agricultural community of Ireland. The result
we have, in part, already seen. The industry of
the country has during the past two years been
hurrying to seek new spheres of exertion in foreign
lands. The bulk of them, we regret to say, have
left us, not as honest men, or drawing after them
our sympathies for an undeserved fate, but the
very reverse. They have gone away tainted with
fraud, laden with capital which was not their own,
leaving thousands behind, despoiled undeservedly;
to suffer privations unobserved in many cases—not
clamorously obtruded on the world, but passing
severe, nevertheless.
What is there left now as the resource of this
unhappy country ? Its manufactures are well nigh
destroyed altogether. Its landowners and gentry,
as a class, are well nigh ruined. Its artizans have
only for customers this almost hopelessly embar-
rassed class, a few farmers, who still struggle to
maintain their position, and a sweltering mass of
absolute pauperism. The only hope of Ireland lay
in the success of a combined effort of her people
to re-erect an agricultural system. Aid was ten-
dered to her for the realazition of this object ; and
signs were not wanting of her disposition to em-
brace that aid. It is now, however, we are afraid,
too evident that she has perversely resolved to de-
ceive the expectations of her friends.
the story of the prodigal: she can d

she is not t ashamed.
reaches us which do

The reverses

s.
Scarcely a mail from Ireland I
not fail to bring us accounts

of some meetings of the ten&

gentry, called for the purpose of discussing their
condition and the steps which must be taken to
I by ignorant clamour

remedy it

between

at the current rate of exchange between - e --"two and demagogue influence. The bitterns
th classes is being actively stirred up by
towns, would sell it in the market to some one hay-
agencies on the spot, and party journalists in this
ing to pay money in Frankfort. Otherwise what
country, to whom an addition to the catalogue of
use to him, in Vienna, would be a draft payable in
Frankfort so-styled " protectionist failures" affords an ineen-
?
tive for the loudest gratydation, though it may have
It is an obvious fact that such Bills, drawn been brought about by a mob of half idiots and
C( to states of siege, &c., confirmed beggars. As a mass, the population of
of ble on any terms, unless they Ireland seem to have been afflicted in vain.
it( ,ate value. How, then, is have brought no lessons of peace, of natier
this secu, fforded ? We will give an , •••• - -

etween countries liable

nefarious

would nr

represented a deter

ment of it

tured ; and, in order to m
intelligible, we shall
transaction between 1,

le settle-

market.

)tedness is manufac-

ce our statement more
suppose it to arise out of a
ichester and a foreign
in Manchester has exe-

A. manufacti

which they are but
We take as a specimen of the

just now e

cuted an order for a
of £3OO st

Oporto, for wl

on that city he finds b

td. per

amount of his invoice, t

".Sixty d

pay thiE

s after d

t of excha

:erling, in gold, silt

pint whic

actuates the parties' engaged in obstructing the.
efforts which are being made to save Irish agricul-
ture from utter ruin by union and harmony
amongst Irishmen, the following portion of the
address delivered by a Mr. Ryan, a free-trader, at
a meeting held last Thursday, at Limerick :

"He bad heard it stated that day, that Lord John
Russell and Sir Robert Peel were badmen. (Haar, hear.)
Now he begged to observe, that the landholders of Ire-
land were far worse. (Cheees.) He solemnly arraigned
Me landlords of Ireland as Me murderers of at least
2,000.000 of human being:. (Groans and hisses.) Too
long had they tamely submitted to their misrule, without
coming forward and proclaiming the treachery of which
they had been guilty towards the unfortunate peasantry
of the country. (Hear, and cheers.) It was not as
individuals, but as a class, that he arraigned them. (Hear,
hear.) Some of the landlords were generous and kind to
a fault; but others, some of whom were at that moment
listening to him, had assisted in murdering and exter-
minating the peasantry:" (Hear, hear, and hisses.)
- -

urrent rate- of Exchan.6'

Other speakers at the same meeting attributed
the sufferings of the people to high rents and
evictions; but not a word throughout of indolent
cultivation, of valuable time wasted in the
reckless pursuit of agitation, or of money spent in
filling the wallets of mendicant agitators.
The Limerick Radicals oppose any step, however
small, towards protection, and call for low rents and
immunity for tenants of small holdings, which they
will not pay for nor cultivate. But the real spirit
of the movement is to abolish rents altogether, to
confiscate the property of the landowners, and to
divide the ownership of the soil amongst an insol-
vent tenantry and a pauper peasantry. It is the war
of Celt against Saxon in a new form, indirectly
aided by our recent legislation, and carried on
under a mask of the grossest hypocrisy and false-
hood. For is there one of these bawlers against
landlordism under the old system ignorant of the
fact, that extensive clearances of the soil, the aboli-
tion of small holdings, and the conversion of the
small farmers into labourers, is the very essence of
that new system of scientific culture, which, we are
told, will alone be profitable under the operation of
free-trade ! Can these men—these dependents
upon the potato culture—drain and practice high
farming, and pay rent at all ? Can they pay poor-
rates, the bulk of whom are only a remove from
pauperism ? No. They shout now for free-trade,
as the shortest method of getting rid of the pro-
prietors of the soil; and for the rest, look forward
only to the opportunity of becoming squatters
upon the land, of which:the legislature and agita-
tion have aided them in wresting from others. For
those, however, who are encouraging an ignorant
peasantry to press forward such projects—for the
petty tradesmen of the towns, and men of the same
stamp as the Mr. Ryan, whose ravings we have
quoted above—the day of retribution will come.
A population, producing barely sufficient to supply
their animal wants, exporting nothing, and their
means of consuming reduced to the lowest point,
wiil form sorry customers !

TH E increase in the exports of the country, shewn
in the published " Accounts relating to Trade and
Navigation," for the eleven months ended sth Dec.
last, deserve a careful scrutiny, not only for the
sake of eliciting truth, but in order to guard the
public against entertaining the undue confidence
in the resources of the country, which some parties
are anxiously endeavouring to propagate. We were
ourselves perfectly prepared, like most other per-
sons, to expect a revived activity in our foreign
trade after the prostration which followed a year of
mania (1847), and a year of revolutionary change
and social disorganisation (1848). The material
questions, however, to which the British public
ought to direct their attention, are,—how much of
the increased exports of 1849 ought to be set down
to the natural effect of a restoration of continental
peace and order, and how much to the effect of the
change which has taken place in the commercial
policy of the country.
--The gross increase in the exports of the eleven
months of 1849, compared with those of 1848, was
£9,781,897 the respective amounts of the two
years being £54,082,809 in 1849, and £44,407,912
in 1848. Now, we were not by any means prepared

to have treated the increase in value, represented
by this £9,681,897, as a very large one, had even
the comparative amounts of the two years really
represented a corresponding increase of quantities
of commodities. It was natural that a year of com-
motion and interruption of industry in nearly every
country of Europe, by which most foreign markets
were swept bare of goods, should be followed by
extended importations from Great Britain, whose
people had escaped convulsion. But there is one
consideration which we think should he taken into
account, whilst comparing the two years. The year
1848 was one of severe commercial suffering in this
'country, following, as it did, a year (1847) in which
panic had driven down the price of every product
of industry to a losing point. The exports of 1848
were forced ones, at prices, in many instances,
ruinous; and the aggregate amount of ;those ex-
ports—£s4,ooo,ooo odd—represents, in all proba-
bility, a quantity of commodities much less than
we are asked to believe, and which materially re-
duces the increase upon which we are asked to feli-
citate ourselves this year.

We are reminded, with some appearance of tri-
umph, by the Manchester Guardian, that- a large
portion of the present year's increase of exports
consists of cotton manufactures and yarn, the
amount of which in 1849 is returned as £24,705,118,
against £20,478,158 in 2849. The increase is there-
fore £4,227,950, or one-fifth of the gross amount
in 1848. Our contemporary has omitted noticing
a very important element in the comparison, viz.,
the increase which has taken place in the price of
the raw material. We find from the circular of
Messrs. Geo. Holt and Co., of this town, that the
average price of Upland cotton in 1849 was sid.
for the whole year, against 41d. in 1848—an in-
crease of .1-(1. per lb., or one-fifth on the price of that
year. This would seem to show that the increased
quantity of cotton manufactures could be very little
indeed in 1849. An examination of the annual
circular would show that the increase in the entire
quantity of cotton spun in Great Britain in 1849
only amounted to 2400 bales, or little over one-
twelfth of the previous year's consumption. If,
then, price and value are equivalent terms, and the
export trade has increased one-fifth, whilst the total
quantity of cotton manufactured was only increased
one-twelfth, the home trade must have suffered a
large diminution, or there is nothing laft us to as-
sume, except that the export trade •is only a frac-
tion of the entire trade.

We shall not go more at length into this matter
however, for the simple reason that we place no
confidence whatever now in these Customs' reports.
Since the abolition of the half per cent. duty on
exports, there is nothing in the world to prevent
goods being entered at any price the shipper pleases.
A bale of cotton, and other goods, may be valued
at £5 or £5OO, without incurring a farthing of in-
creased charges in our ports; and, without im-
puting to any party the wish to commit a moral
wrong, and to make out a favourable case in behalf
of a particular policy, it is enough to throw dis-
credit upon returns, thus left unprotected against
error, to know that extensive malversation can be
carried on.

Some of our contemporaries augur great things
in favour of this country becoming a great entrepot
for foreign produce from the circumstance that the
re-exports of foreign prodncts in 1849 considerably
exceeded those of 1848. No wonder. In 1848
foreign cargoes intended for Europe came here be-
cause here only they were safe. Europe is now
tranquil, and they are proceeding to the markets
they were ordered for. Our contemporaries should
have waited a year, before drawing such inferences
from the experience of years, when the natural
courses of commerce were notoriously diverted.

THE BRAZILIAN FRIGATE ALFONSO

We have been favored with the following extract of a
etter, received by Mr. Thomas Royden, shipbuilder, of
his port, from Robert Grundy, Esq., chief engineer of
Lis Imperial Brazilian Majesty's steam frigate Alfonso :

ities, I think I may give it you without fear of
We have steamed and sailed upwards of 12,000
of cost for alterations—that is to say, feces-
She is the finest steamer, without excep-
' built upon correct ideas,