The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-06-06 00:00:00

,fax increase ; they would also now procure a r
pav«;--01,;,-. 11" ti..rswnll,2lPll Tt rnaff.r,

not whether it were S

s was not un

ikely), or

whether it were the dogmatic Minister who now ruled.
Agitation, though considered by some useless in the pre-
sent constitution of the Commons, must be carried on.
The adjustment of taxation upon capital and labour was
better than the Frenth system of Communism ; and these
reforms must be yielded. They were necessary to the ex-

panding population.
Mr. John TAYLOR expressed his concurrence in the
motion ; and he appealed to all present if it would not
have been for the benefit of the merc'aants of Liverpool
had the Mersey been blocked up during the last two
years—(a laugh.) He had seen many bad times, but he
remembered none like the present. He hoped the recent
convulsions on the Continent would turn out advan-
tageously in the end ; but the people of England must
never forget that if they expected to realise any benefit
from the Government of the day, they must fearlessly and
unitedly assert that the time for imposing heavy taxation
had passed.
Mr. C. ROBERTSON said, it was to be regretted that
when the labouring classes were so deeply suffering, they
should have such an objectionable Administration. He
thought it was a Government without principle ; which
would move only on compulsion. It had converted a sur-
plus into a deficit revenue ; and so far from remedying an
unjust burden which weighed upon our interest, by re-
moving its inequality, its plan was to equalize it by plac-
ing an unjust burden upon another class. Such was its
proposition to increase the income-tax ; and rightly had
the attempt been met in Liverpool overthrew it. If there
was a deficit, the Executive was to blame. They would

o injustice. The Government, he said, was
the friend of the democrat, and aided his case. He de-
nounced the vile system of unmerited place, uncalled for
pensions, purient commissions, and other glaring abuses
srboard of the state—the

angers-on of the court—of whom he
thought the Queen would be happy to be rid. The butt
hounds would be better attended to b

)me respect-

able groom than by an aristocratic lord. It was a menial,
contemptible office. The war establishment absorbed the
life-blood of commerce, it regarded men as brute beasts,
-a tendency was to destroy and to blood, and was op-
'-"^n and he for one would rather take

It was frightful to see so man millions of
money dancing mysterioudy before a man's eyes. The
number of admirals, he thought, ought to be sufficient
for the two hemispheres, and a few odd planets; the
generals, he thought, were more general than special ;
and the non-effectivcs were decidedly non-effectives.
Government ought rather to pension retired shareholders,
who had facilitated the transit of the country, than retired
incapables. There was the diplomatic staff—gentlemen

miums

I to draw the country into disputes which incurred a
a little dock-yard bill—John Bull paying the piper. Then
there were attache's, who danced and feasted for the
advantage of Britain at foreign Courts. Justices and the
repression of crime, miscellaneous estimates, &c., were
all of the same description. How long was this state of
things to be continued ? So long as the people—the
heads, hands, heart of this country, would fight for party
matters, and allow these monstrous grievances to exist;
—so long as they failed to send men of business to Par-
liament—men neither to be bribed nor to be sneered
—and until the whole people ranged themselves
the banner of justice. The question was not a
mere question of £s. d. it was a question of the rights
of Government and governed—a question of a Govern-
ment which undermined the source of its own power.
He concluded by moving the second resolution.
Mr. A. H. WY LIE rose amidst applause, and proceeded
to show, that though parliament was now sitting, no plan
of finance had been brought forward ; and he rejoiced in
the movement now making. He referred to the rebuff
Liverpool had administered to the Government on the
question of the budget, and denounced the Bank Act.
The evidence against it was most conclusive. The expen-
diture of the country was unjustifiable.; and, in proof, he
entered into a statement of the various items of the esti-
mates. He denounced the squadron on the coast of Africa
as useless, though maintained at an enormous cost. He
depicted the increased sufferings to the slaves which it
caused. He did not wish to curtail the comfort and dig-
nity of a Sovereign so beloved as ours. He was sure she
did not lend herself to the waste they saw. Far other-
wise. He thought it was derogatory to a nobleman to
superintend the buckhounds. The appointments of the
Ministry he also denounced. He did not see the analogy

betwee-njtVebucichOinifsnd the Board of Trade, which
fitted one man for both. Ministers evidently thought the
people cared not for these matters. He referred to the
spectacle of Lord J. Russell sitting in the house, whilst
his brother, as Sergeant-at-Arms, sat at the door, though
he did so receiving " a large emolument." He referred
I to the small expense of the United States Government,

XTILAORDLN

L ILLUSION

Professor

Wheatsone, in his indefatigable researches into the ab-
struse, but beautifully interesting, phenomena of light
noperty in optics, previous to the

successfully applied it, and which, while most extra-
)tical point of view, will probably lead to

ordinary

discoveries in the delicate arts of obtaining sun-
fli. effc.rta rocoltinv frnm them_ of ye

ght pie-

)out two feet

long, and a few inches in breadth, at each end of which is
an upright piece truly perpendicular, with a grove at top
and bottom, for sliding in a picture ; in the centre of this
board, at the height of the centre of the uprights, are
placed two small mirrors, at angle of 45 degrees, with the
edges of the board, or 90 degrees with each other, in front
of which is a piece of metal with sight holes, sufficiently
apart to suit the sight. On placing two calotype pictures
of the same object in the grooves, against the uprights—

such, for instance, as a jug, vase, piece of statuary, geo-
metrical figures, &c., each eye of course sees the reflec-
tion in the corresponding mirror of one picture only, the
left hand picture being seen by the left eye, and the right
hand picture by the right eye ; yet, the singular result of
this arrangement is; that the spectator sees before him a
fee simile of the object from which the pictures were ob-
tained in its original state, with the lights, the shadows,
the under cuttings, and all the full roundedness and pro-

jetting points ortlie solid body. In fact, so complete and
beautiful is the illusion, that it is impossible, by any at-
tempt, to see the pictures as viewed separately, and a
perfectly finished solid body is represented to the eye of
the astonished viewer. It must be pictures taken by sun
light, in different points of sight, to have the effect, as no
two drawings by hand could be done sufficiently correct to
prevent confusion in the shadows, and meeting of the
corresponding lines. Professor Wheatstone, in the first
instance, applied it to the representation of geometrical
solids, which may be drawn mathematically true, and
shaded to Nature.

OUR PRESENT POSITION.—It was impossible that we
should not in some degree feel the effect of the continual
revolutions. Itwas impossible that one part of the politi-
cal machinery of Europe should be out of order without
the rest being disturbed at the same time. Two-thirds of
the continent have been upsetting, destroying, and recon-
structing for the last three months. Society has been dis-

organized, institutions overturned, and trade palsied.
That England should retain her composure, that English
commerce should maintain its stability. and English cani-

tal its security at such a crisis, was just as unlikely as that
the pulsations of the heart should remain unchanged by a
shock in the system and a fracture of the extremities. The
disturbance of Lyons vibrates to the looms of Manches-
tar ; the convulsions of Paris and Berlin are felt in Liver-
pool and London. The distress of the burgeoiseie and the
Burperschaft reacts on the manufacturer and the mer-
chant; and if the operative of Lancashire or Yorkshire
seems worse off than his compeer at Paris, it is only be-
cause his master is not anticipating his wages by a com-
pulsory tax. nor exhausting on idleness the means of
creating wealth and remunerative labour. The distress in
the commercial world is indeed great; but the wonder is
that is not greater. France is wholly, and Germany is
partially, withdrawn from the sphere of mercantile corres-
• pondence. They make nothing, they import nothing.

lethargy to our cater.. The palsy of French machinery
clogs the action of its British fellow-labourer. When
wheels cease to play and jennies to spin, coal and iron be-
come superfluities. Two staple trades in England are
thus struck down by one heavy blow. And on these two
many besides depend for support, energy, and life ! It is
no wonder that in such a state of things men should be-
come discontented. At any time distress like the present
would be acutely felt. But now it is worse than at any
other. It comes at the climax of a period of bitter suf-
fering. It comes after the train of misery occasioned by
an unexampled dearth. It comes after unprecedented
sums have been sent abroad for cotton and corn. It
comes, too, while the rec ollection of the years '45 and '46
is still strong in men's minds, years of golden visions and
gorgeous extravagance. To expect that men should reason
calmly, wait patiently, and suffer silently under such con-
ditions, is irreconcileable with the dictates of common
sense and the lessons of ordinary experience, It is at such
a time that the new reform movement commences in the
north. It must be admitted that the scene is well selected.
The first precept of the dramatist, Si vis me fiere, &c., is
duly obeyed. In no other place could agitation rouse so
great a multitude or command so great a spmpathy. The
speakers and the hearers are alike in the same boat. A
man has but to look around him, and his eye is sure to
light on hundreds in the same plight as himself, merchants
without capital, brokers without commissions, manufac-
turers without orders, and all the long series of trading
and professional men, whose fortunes and subsistence de-
pend upon the prosperity of a great commercial depot, or
a large and crowded port—all stunned, dismayed, and
pauperized, not by one crisis, but by an array of revolu-
tions, not one of which could have been foretold twelve
months ago. It is strange that Birmingham and Liver-
pool should seize this opportunity for proclaiming their
grievances, courting sympathy, and demanding relief ?
Times.

earing

LAW INTELLIGENCE

_
0
Mr. Mellor, of the Midland Circuit, has been nom'
,'0 _O,
Recorder of Warwick, in the room of Air. fOr the

Home Departnient.
v-General's Devil," vacant b
cise that any person letting out omnibuses, coacheit
.1
will A nb
be visited
order ha swbitelei been issuedpena penalty of
the C.ommission,e,r,rs
to,e VI::
'-',. carriages to attend races, without such cal• Ageet,
The platesln
n requiredundertheltlefl 20thes
n a Stage-Coach
. :
of
torne for
Mr. Waddington to the situation of Under Secretarn_e
the Home Department, and who had held the office 5-1, c_
the elevation of Mr. Justice W' nto the bench, na..!
ightmee
North Wales and
been conferred on Mr. WelsbY, of th
Chester circuit, and Recorder of Chester. ...
MARRIAGE WITH A DECEASED WIFE'S_,SlSTgr',,
-AM.'
the appointmen

Lord Denman (in the case " Regina v. the Cliurt.•••,.
dens of St. Giles'-in-the-Fields ") has decide thet'T-en
marriage with a deceased wife's sister is invarin, a the
when the first wife was the legitimate daughter, an eats,
second wife the illegitimate daughter, of the same Pl;ger-
the illegitimacy of the second daughter making n°
enee as to the law.
SUMMER CIRCUITS OF THE JUDGES.-011 -40 r-
the judges arranged the summer circuits. Midlannboa
Denman and Justice Patteson ; Home, the Chief
Norfolk, Baron Parke and Justice Manic;
and Justice Coltman ; Oxford, Barons Rolfe and plait
Coleridge and Williams ; Northern, Justices Urstice
well and Erle • North Wales, the Lor Chief 4,uider-
Wilde • South 'Wales, Justice Wightman. Baron ,1,1 Sit
son will remain in town as vacation judge, and wii"
daily at his chambers in Serjeant's Inn.—Globe.
In the sittings in Banco, in the Court of wear
Bench on Monday, Lord Denman and Judges Patto-0, v.
Reg'
against
Coleridge, and Wightman discharged a rule,
Wilkinson and another," which had been obtained upon
two magistrates of the county of Surrey., calling
r;apt
them to show cause why they refused to issue n lacing
to summon one - '•ri As' - the nurpose of erpe Bed'
Western!.Jess..

~shby, tor arc ,-, or
the payment payment of a church-rate made in the parish 600 (P
dington. The magistrates called for the POc.tic.olid
the rate-book, when they decided the rate w'as, ?nisi stat,e
the face of it, being defective in the title, wo?c,, of tl
that it was made " in and towards the reP3'l.'isb
church and other incidental charges of the said Parlor
the
hatrilPt_" Tt was enntpritiptl thP ,agp was not for t.1?0

1.11,
magistrates to have decided un
• " hey but a question 0
' '
ecclesiastical courts ; consequently they 1, toent -
sued their warrant. The Judges were of a
nion and discharged the rule, Lord Denman saY;;:of
s
church-rate ought to be confined to the repe;ch-rw
char
rhci Theam e add
dt
repairss
aei rde a po of
parish itci
e b
and
church, and those general purposes to which chide for the
insideother vi t a
caidcerftry
might be a poor-rate "The
cs
hoafr
gt
e:

_~~

SaHndlgNriSs
IFaOdißes
" LonFdoAn
-_ _ •
(From the
Materials of slight texture are now much 1,1: najullre"
Mousselines de sole of every colour, bareg
de checcrog
ennes. and a new material nartftkincr of the P°,.',7,10; 2;th
'jiijlaNgr.rine of Fiero:4.

tgfr
nwohiriaetamdtcriuonoaorgfl
srl
ayttgid,
the
eeedei,
the
firaireri7
with jaconots and organdys in Persian 1--- . , 4
dresses of fancy stripes of the palest colours are 0 rise'
three flounces en biais, the u per one rounded off,d 01l
wlgtopsahrtfii
aritnpcpnah(
pink
auwaumidrpraisieloolateaceastt
rdpeeeidensreoaitiiTezflmafrclsenii
orisn
ornamenteddhrsmeefla rarsivosnlgeiusgei
ltnnethdiegevlaoeveattsueroibeotolthsrbfel iseyrceba
el
edgedgudel :gweartei
sremrawlssi
mini
dresses
i tettahusl,
tdesFarsle,
ainimoirtfdrheuaideili
Ile; cgan
ler
nsr le toilette,,
ii ,
. niugi
yrevbu.
,00crincivl 'Aeept;
o
open, with revers or chafe, the sleeve maderole'or t'rt;
particularly at the bottom,drooping on the ariLl, t 5 '''''-0
very deep flounces. It is only when required for 'tecl i
ornewen lied
coquilles, ruches, &c.; if ribbon, all are made ° raincif
to give freedom to the feet ; barege dresses are °rut'
ticus .
°r ode 1
at
gote are made with corsages ala Dubarry. 111- cies° de
of this season are of moderate size, demi.evase°P„re tiOdi
the ears, with round crowns ; very pretty ones r glo ~
to the waist. Redingotes are still,
,sses o
and some are trimmed with ruches of taffetas, sou cirell"
pinked as to imitate moss, in pink, white, or blucierosol;ll
the edge bavolet ; it also forms trimming on tbfetty of 1,
The ribbons used this season are very ric and`stracy tqc
z, with the capote crown of taffelaciicatF",
ternately, lined with taffetas glace and uceu"
‘tulle I'll,
with bands of taffetas or gauze, , citli lg.,fil,
lonne, or rich blond, are simply trimmed virl',? &lie;
and ely ornamented inside by bunches of_iog.
flowerer sometimes a lace lappet forms the triol..woletteS d
the side. Many of the capotes efl riling
'by a " ' OS
the same, pink, blue, or white, confined , roa
ribbon toques. The mantelets and pardessus or 4,001
taffetas glace of every colour, of figured tulleio`oitles
with lace or fringe of the same, pinked or einbiael: nJ
they are also made of embroidered muslin ;
fashion; Pr
crape, gauze, or linen are with I,leiitil of
shawls, both single and double continuo in
many mantelets are made matching the dross'