The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1850-10-15 00:00:00

POLITICAL MISCELLANY.

LAMARTINE ON LONDON.—M. de Lamartine has re-
cently been in London and has just published his impres-
sions. He informs his readers that he had not been in
England since 1830, and then for a short time subsequent
to the revolution of July. He finds London in every way
much improved ; the whole population (!) is employed;
and looks respectable ; and those quarters of the " city"
which in 1830 were close and dirty, have all been widened
and cleansed. Our political improvement pleases him no
less. We have " parties," it is true, but there never was
anything like the " mildness and moderation" of our
"journalists and public men," always excepting, of
course, " the extreme democrats and extreme aristocrats,
two classes of men everywhere the same." The " chari-
ties of London," and our many institutions for social
reform especially, astonish him, and he parades a long
catalogue of these triumphs of the " voluntary principle."
The only fault he can find with us is the accumulation of
landed property in the hands of a comparatively small
number of owners. But this, he thinks, will not last long,
judging from the prudence which the aristocracy showed
in allowing "M. Peel" to repeal the corn-laws. In
short, in 1330 he took England to be on her death-bed ;
and now he finds her fast attaining convalescence; and
he winds up with an admirable panegyric op what he calls
the English " system of conservative s6cialism," the
adoption of which he presses on his countrymen, if they
wish much longer to be numbered among the nations of
the earth.
THE BLESSINGS OF CHEAPNESS AND FREE TRADE.—
The Morning Chronicle, a free-trade paper, has been
gathering information on the reduction of wages, amongst
the different trades, for publication, and has furnished the
following facts :—A Waistcoat Hand, in 1843, could alone
earn 365. a week, and keep a wife and five children': but
now his wife and he together can only earn 32s.—A
Workman in the Slop Trade, could alone earn, by work.
ing 12 hours a day, for six days in the week, one-fourth
more than he and his wife can do now by slaving day and
night and all the Sunday.—A Shoemaker complains that
the competition of the masters has done more mischief in
reducing wages than any other cause, notwithstanding
French and slop boots are made by children. He was
better off in 1845, '46, and '47, than in 1850, and that the
lowness of provisions is not equal to the reduction in
wages, for his comforts have greatly decreased. A First
Shoemaker used to get 7s. Sd. for what he now only gets
ss. 4d., and notwithstanding provisions were so much
higher then than now, a man could live better than he
does now. A Widow Shoemaker tells the Chronicle
Commissioner that when she first began, she could earn
2s. a day, or 12s. week, working twelve hours a day. Now
she works longer hours. She has regular employment,
and yet can earn only 3s. lid. a week. Often she has not
been in bed for three nights together; and vet, with all
that she could not get enough to keep her. While doing
the hardest work she was being fairly starved to death.—
Such are the blessings (?) of cheapness and free-trade.

CORRESPONDENCE.

-,-

TO THE EDITOR OF THE- LIVERPOOL STANDARD,

SIR,—It was the expression of a great statesman, that
" whosoever doth not maintain the plough, destroys the
kingdom." _ _

Acting in the spirit of this sentiment, " the Parliament
of England," as Dalrymple, the historian, tells us,
" passed a law, in the year 1689, for a bounty on the ex-
portation of corn." And this circumstance caused the
country to grow in health and stature.
Foreigners, indeed, were astonished to see a wise nation
give rewards for exporting the sustenance of man. But
they perceived not that from thence would arise the
industry of the people, and the verdure of the fields of
Great Britain, beyond those of all neighbouring nations.
In our own day, too, there are those—men who call
themselves political economists—who seem to be equally
surprised at anything that would_so encourage industry.
They would rather stop the industry of the people, by en-
couraging importation—a measure which must, ere long,
convert our green and verdant fields into brown and bar-
ren heaths. Their constant cry is, " Let us have cheap
bread" " Lower the rents." Cheap bread, by all
means, let us have. But what has rent to do with the
cheapening of bread. The cheapness or dearness of bread
depends not upon the rent, or any other burthen the
land may bear ; but upon the proportion between the
demand and the supply. Let our farmers, in England,
Ireland, and Scotland, be encouraged to furnish abun-
dant supplies, and we shall have a plentiful and cheap
market. _ _ _

PARISIAN BALLOONING.—M.Poitevin made his ascent
on Thursday from the Hippodrome, mounted on the back
of an ostrich, amidst the cheers of an immense concourse
of persons assembled. The balloon rose very majestically,
and took an easterly direction. From the very little wind
stirring at the time, it remained over the Batignolles for
upwards of an hour. There were two persons in the car.
M. Poitevin gives the following account of his ascent :—I
left the Hippodrome at half-past four, in the midst of a
perfect calm, and ascended rapidly. I sought a current
to carry me away from Paris, but did not find the slight-
est breeze. At last some wind arose, but it carried us
over the middle of Paris. It was then a quarter past six.
By the light of the lamps I could distinguish the build-
ings, and after some time found myself near the Northern
Railway, not far from the ground : my anchor grazed the
houses. At a quarter-past eight the cold became so sharp
that my companions, seated with their legs under them on
the ballast-bags like Bedouins, could not hold out longer,
and the prospect of pas?ing a night of icy cold in the air
alarmed them exceedingly. I then wanted to descend in
the midst of the station, but the locomotives, which were
moving about, appeared to me to render the descent dan-
gerous. I rose some metres, and, by the light of torches
lit to serve me as signals, I cast out the anchor, and it
caught by the side of the wall of the enclosure. A cpelnr7
pact crowd felicated me on my safe descent, and in a short
time my balloon was packed on a car. It was theahet
past eight. The ostrich was, on my reaching the ground,i
TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD. disengaged from between my legs, and from
which bound it. It did not appear to suffered in
have
look-
SlR,—Since I last did myself the pleasure of addressing any way, and when in the air contented itselsf
withone of those
you, I have ascertained the perfect legality of issuing ing round in every direction. The owner w
it stretcheda out its
promissory notes under two pounds free from stamp- who went up, and when he spoke to it s
b as if desirous of
duty, as proposed to be issued by the Corporation of head towards him, and moved its lim •
Liverpool, for payment of wages, &c., instead of borrow- ascending to him.—French paper-
ingmoney for that purpose. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT and PILLS,
Extract
years' d • on.
I have recently had opportunities of convening with, in the cure of a bad leg of ten_ Ynee
1 . , Alcester, March
and explaining the theory of the proposed Corporation of a letter from Mr. Harris,vrAa,
" Sir, I suffered for
the cords
issue to, many gentlemen in the Council and othslrs high 14, 1850, to Professor Hollows
. :d leg, in which were five
in official authority, most, indeed may say all, of'whom upwards of ten years witih
I tried various methods of
viewed the scheme favourably ; and I have little doubt running sores, and alt.h
by_
different medical men, still it
but that, after' further consideration, they will give tihe treatment as prescrin. •
bI l determinede
s sin go f Goo nd
the newspapers notices of the cures
system their support ; and by so doing they will be study, got worse.
le, was effeetec.l si; months ago."
ing their own interest and the public welfare. vue se. performed,
ae
A gentleman asserted that the greatest part of the ex- trying them
ofd v
penditure of the now waterworks would be about Bolton a ;Idea e'"*.•
your valuablet36:en,i_niibcinetshehiar

Sweden is, I believe, a case in point. A few years ago,
she was obliged to import a large quantity of corn to
supply her food. In consequence, however, of wise pro-
hibitory duties, which have put an end to importation,
she has become an agricultural country, and now not
only supplies her own food, but actually produces a large
surplus for exportation.
Another evil arising from our free-trade system is the
fact, that a large proportion, if not all, the corn imported
into this country is paid for with the sinews of our in-
dustry. Our capital, not our manufactures, is the com-
modity we give in exchange for the many millions of
quarters introduced from foreign countries ; and soon
must we feel the sad effects of thus benefiting the fo-
reigner at the expense of our own people.
Manufacturers I to whom our agricultural interests
have been sacrificed, think of this in time. Depend upon
it, the moment agriculture fails, or becomes materially
injured, the manufacturing interest must suffer likewise.
Your obedient servant,
ANGLO-HIBERNICUS.
Liverpool, 10th October, 1850.

CORPORATION NOTES.

Rgrintiturat alit orttruitural.

• a.
Excessive quackery is the great bane of garcinebnouitilttsbr';s'ehtioileis;
not of gardening only, but of every other art wnl_.„,s,
followed not merely by professionals, but also by;iw,,,
teurs. The reason is obvious ; each one wishes to t! tube
royal road by which he can acquire a knowledge
01.0
subject without learning the business by the ordinal.).
..t,
necesary routine. Such ill-judging amateurs find PlevV,
of persons ever ready to lead them still further astrakusl,
new inventions for overcoming every difficulty as it a,rto
Thus it is found rather troublesome to lay down
~,,,
between the rows of strawberries ; up springs an acc,`,,
modating gentleman, who furnishes nice clean-lof';
strawberry tiles, which are easily laid and as easitto
moved. No friendly voice cautions the amateur, of
delighted with the apparent simplicity and perfection of the
invention. The tiles are laid and look extremely well ;,.D..,u,
where are the strawberries ? Why the admirable ion,
tion of the tiles has encouraged a vast number of slugbsese
collect and take up their residence under them, havet not
animals find themselves well-lodged, for they tbef
only shelter but also food provided for them, whic" a-
take care to enjoy at the expense of the poor delude_tout
teur who expects to reap the fruits of the earth w.
labour. 01
New implements and pots are without number 0.
treatises on the various branches of gardening a And
numerous as the leaves of the trees they treat of.
...,
why is all this ? It is because the really practical, Tie
fears
snreos rpai:n•
yii will not,
iolt .fi
iraeosmi
ehaevheiss ought
tahret
theoristst
bl)
edcoo m, ci onmgt
oekdnfoooravainia,
,r d a l'' ti fbe
ought
tsne
not
tet .sbeei ?beer
case
;regtairridnegn
gardening,
too, indol en t. ~e,
art, is the amusement of the million; uthnelikperteicyteicraYel°eg{:arrs
dener can never be dispensed with, and should tii t.
ester
doubled
ehoeeeleil pleasurenbsalpfeerdle tasdoi
since
0 cpfe r
horticulturalacBnt4ioac aclt iagnnagdrdthde partenuerri
nsg:
knowledge,
their
eagi
that
periodi
nd theuem, fmbo
erotrr
more
Ile:
aen
specig
°ever::
tiorbe
et, a
toi f
.
taste for gardening has increased even in a greater
...„,r
What we want to see is gardeners taking.tbeir ront'iii
place as artists ; directing the popular tastes in ibis , 0 ,
otomoffesatnmhurt art, and
hi
akraneanaddrettothehbuxeeerr
apyscoeons
mwireneeeogsdubptl
eendhcteettmveeeerdomr
rkfebpneyi
fear
riwhcmatinshnemtanhat
they
ytfyohtmfthehiei
ternramegss
etspreeervi esiv
c:
nteeesncsd? e
g bege e
.
less required, on the contrary, as the scientific Prinabe
more respected.

MISCELLANEA.
Villa and Suburban Gardening.— In the Ours: hiS
:oil 15
eardening pursuits, the want of proper nourishin,
severely felt by the amateur; and it occasionallYlll3,iith
that such can only be procured at great expeose9f which
much difficulty. It is the want of proper ma ardour'
too frequently defeats his object, and damps his s„-mthe
It sometimes happens, however, that the very eereris,,,`t he
requires is at hand, but is neglected. He forgets "s of
has a heap of decaying weeds, that he has logs
q„ntitle,
Gooseberry prunings, Raspberry prunings, the reare
and dead wood of his shrubbery, and that these with
nuisance, which is daily increasing. What to °Let
them puzzles him ; the expense of carting a large °`-bot
tern-
something must be done with them. This is a-1 Tbef
them off his confined premises, is considerable. ;
in which scores of amateur gardeners are placed. ioge
do not know that Couch and refuse cuttings and Prunreest
are convertible into the very kind of material they rev
require in the great bulk of gardening operations; to be
mit me, therefore, to state how this knowledge 15 fog
improved by them. Suppose, for example, that
in an amateur's refuse corner a year's refuse of 11', 0;0
dation of burning matcers, by which the
Let a space near this heap be cleared Just suffie'efour
light a portion of dry meterials, in order to form au,in
process of time, be ignited, not with the intent. it•
consuming the heap, bit': rather with that of charrioled,
tber keepswt
bursting
adding
outof ;
When this is accomplished to the extent above 570
the
eur rubbish,
ffbuni ssohet,
is banked
aoonrtdkheeerdr ttuohne.pfiar ernevdebni
beneath inefli
15ov:roe:I:
don jaPst.
whole sh,to or

co. "
feeding slowly, but surely, look around t the ei
yard, and collect refuse parings of turf or Peat' „1 ;o
hausted soil from pots, and cover the burning heswiiia
to keep it in a smoulderino. state. It should re üborel
this condition until the whole mass has become coon'
through. During the process it will requi,ce ,°c: it heir'
attention to prevent anything like flame. ‘"e-ncl 10%
comes cool, it will be fit for use—store it avraY,
upon it as a prize of no mean value. It conits..l-ree.
chemical and mechanical virtues in no small tel.eld such
I recollect rightly, the late Mr. Andrew Knigh,u,t,-enlig",4
a fertilizer in the very highest esteem ; and well ""Ddicio„
for it would puzzle modern venders of quack lu'io tP"
for vegetable debility to approach it in value el°
present day.—Pharo. like ;
Adeges Abietis.—This insect forms the colue"
cresences on the spruce fir. The original Polilac: t st,shl
outside the gall, remaining all winter in a dety°;lllls,_ 'th.e
at the root of the bud. As soon bud s °
as
thewit ,er,
revives likewise, and speedily becoming enlarge"„ t is
juice imbibed, she lays some hundreds of eggs 51;e5con'e;
The bud meanwhile, instead of growing in length,: leach.
fleshy, and this fleshiness is communicated to the olic",rf
The result is an arrested bud, into the recesses ° tsicro
the young issuing from the cluster of ova on o°looo
it beneath betake themselves, and become soon,crritoile
during the growth consequent on the increasetlii, to Abe
occasioned by their presence in its interior. P;h'e
alleged diversity of the species produced by "er"“,
rounded cones at the summit of twigs (Cbern'
cineus Ratz.), and those from the larger, lourflet et'd)
and more oblong galls arising at the bases'. Rs
loped in the substance of shoots (C. vinicno glto
the greater exposure to the sun is sufficieututiootbe
a deeper tint as well as a more rapid 0° in .0.
the inclosed inmates. The difference assignedetectObe
structure of the wing-veins quite eludes , Ito,
Those arrested individuals that pass the witnAe.fealsle..s
branches are perhaps the progeny of winge“Afelly ,
which are oviparous. observe, also, that wing` us, ''',;;a
of two other species are in like manner oviOr°,osP,ict
those of A. Laricis and A. corticalis. M. cis'too
long since remarked this fact in regard to A. nelners,.i•
felt persuaded that it was only the secondaleeO";ca
whose winged females are in this condition• prop re'
sidered it to be a Psylla, and being anomalous' bad Clog
to form of it a new genus, vrtich, not finding baettetu9Cpt.
fixed a name to, MM. Amyot and Serville, (1101,:jel.
to supply the oversight, have called Cnaphol°°e° of A.• it
594, 595). The structure however of the laryfetes tilt 7, of
ges, as well as that of the mature insect, indica- r that'd'
follows the type of the Coccithe rather thon eittiee of r
the Psyllithe or Aphidte.—Annals and ffla.9azt"
tural History. in.° 0,1
The common foxglove leaves, if gathered
rei,f
heaps, suffered to heat slightly, and afterlioigatlco
form an excellent substitute for tabacco the 6'
Several other British herbs would also answer
purpose, if properly managed.

PERIODICALS FOR TETE M"'rtili;
li()rie •gb °
The Gardeners' Magazine of BotanY, 5111 for
and Floriculture still maintains its positionAthed ,i,
higher than any work which has yet been Peanid pr 3210
the benefit of gardeners and amateurs. Its °lced, '',4l:
cal information supplies all that can be retla.,lbaie l'as
the superb plates and elegant style of the . 5 10c:0;
render it a book for the drawing-room florist attpOn by
the working gardener. It has another claim
_tiot ls et
it originates with the class sneeringly called Prave ao le,
the ultra-scientific; school, from which we hi' cs rePrfrota
Nor
seen any great good proceed. The coloured swan ea.
sent Myrtus tomentosa, a beautiful stove] ant genteel
China; Rhynchospermum jasminoides, on, es-vregeet.srcecieri,
house climber, producing a profusion 0, schr, eta-
jasmine-like flowers ; Arides maculosuna var'ick Pebero
an orchid of gaeat beauty ; the famous Sttalortharret,
rine, introduced by his grace the Duke 01 Iviiiateu ettv,
land ; and the new fancy pelargoniunis--' or( Prpsciit
Fortnosissimum, and Caliban : these last are t Pr'
amts a
but are decidedly a step nearer to the old 50 • 0. 5
in cultivation. t beill° rg
es , elle
Hooker's Journal of Botany is full of inter
vac /0,
complete budget of information from scien7tocks Wool
—Dr. Blomfield in the United States, Dr.,,esides ea ,
dia, and Mr. Spence on the Amazon, 2' 2, or ot
contributions to the " Botanical Inforrard'aneven tet! jot
Sowerby's English Botany preserves theof the arjgress:
its way, giving to the public, for a tithe the P
• ed from .
u_.
cost, the finest illustrated flora ever issue s
niperviv aloes.
the present number completes the gent° ea fine 1310,40'
Curtiss's Botanical Magazine contains Leone, ..,,,
Sierra folla"-0
ceous plant—Spathodea llevis—from
a from the Tibite
an elegant species of that curious gn'ub, with sovi;
River; Gordonia Javanica, a stove s r. ja jack
ducing flowers in large clusters ; Stylidiu m
irn OP°
taucronl sob
flowers and, a handsome habit; Pite:a fine
Calanthe masuca, an Indian orchid ; and , reg
0. Salrniana. i —The 'utile
il FrUitiB'• Or 1,,
Maund's Botanic Garden an- ii nia macrant coc
this month are the fine new Esea
t°afalque tuliP' eir
ciaid the Rushoclt P
learia acanlis or violet rock cress, a
yellow-fruited Guelder rose, the
main apple.
-r•lc • iet °I

OPERATIONS FOIL THE "Hrb- leOrea ;
In the stove proceed as directed in our last ea toot ,
operations. Keep the greenhouse thoroughly vellecooti
water sparingly and carefully; avoid any u0P„• lot,
damp ; house everything, that requires protecto";in,
over and prepare all protecting materials, which 1,01F4
soon required • evergreens may be removed and P
no time being 'better than the present. Alit
I, euv- 0
Kitchen Garden.—Earth up celery, and blanc.redoll,
Tomatoes, not yet ripened, had better be gatriis*
removed into the stove, where, if laid on a dry si'e"
will soon ripen.
....a. ..,b1

ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDSI:vLII°P.
Henry.—The lilliputian chrysanthemums 11;:14y
had of the nurserymen : another season and L"
general.
J. Ilif.—Your flower is Chelone Mexicana. •or

here GRANDbut a MOVlNGshort
timMe
------------- ,or r ov'
CUSTOMS RECEIPT.—The Customs ReeeiPt 050' .00
pool for the quarter just ended, 10th October, ~.. te, Ss
£954,991 18s. ld. against £962,845 14s. 10d., Pllf'decte
of the quarter ending Nth 849• Thus £llO i 0
0ct.,,, •
is only £7,853, 6s. 9d. iivogi;:yelillr,rgtoe
Fl
reiriee
it must lose no time. It has drawn during the lectoilri,e of
and appreciative audiences. Aside from to fine VCC.,,rj?!
be derived from viewing this panorama aa ist I" 41'
t , t 0 .te
art, it possesses a double charm, in the factres ty
most faithful representation of some of the f e ie3st 5g:4
II
01717 r : i
thereforehi s ) ianl tl
osities in America. Every person who has t 1,000 g
for the sublime should see it. There is a trutaaintl sre,l
this description. Besides the Cave,
beauty about it that are not often see° in et vie°:,ooo
beautiful. The "Falls" in winter, surrounee'
I ,
snow, is superb in effect, ,
the at. _A by 1

heh;
11 pe
gave

c"" rer
Oa" Or
biefor
be.
Prlloo
(1,
vvo_
05
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)011, by
Teals yet
not
re,
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fr°

greeted
sceo
'ircederi?
t$-
re,
pr_
resent

"s,'lfer9
!in 1.!IS

of
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