The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-10-03 00:00:00

THE REVOLUTION IN GREECE

The Greek Observer of the 15th instant, publishes the
following account of the bloodless revolution which took
place the night before in Athens :
•' New Era—Constitutional Monarchy.—A wise revo-
lution, accomplished in one day, amidst the most perfect
order, without a single offensive cry being uttered, even
against the Bavarians, has renewed the claims of Greece
to the esteem and sympathy of nations and their govern-
ments. Everybody knows the unfortunate situation in
which Greece was placed. The Greeks had exhausted
every means in their power to induce government to adopt
a truly national policy. The parliaments of France and
England, and the London Conference, had vainly ac-
knowledged the many grievances of the Greek people the
government obstinately persevered in its evil course. The
nation had no other alternative but to plunge itself into the
abyss opetp-d by ten years' mistakes and incapacity, or to
extricate itself therefrom by a dangerous but inevitable
effort. For some time the movement was in progress of
preparation on different points of the country, that it
might be effected without any disorder. The hostile atti-
tude assumed by the government against those who sought
to enlighten it, the extraordinary disposition adopted
within the last few days with a view to assail the liberty
and the very lives of the citizens (a military tribunal had
been established) most devoted to the national interests,
should necesqarily tend to hasten the manifestation of the
contemplated movement. Last night, at two o'clock a. m.,
a few musket shots fired in the air announced the assem-
bling of the people in the different quarters of Athens.
Soon afterwards, the inhabitants, accompanied by the en.
tire marched towards the square of the palace,
vying, ' The Constitution for ever !' On reaching the
place the entire garrison, the artillery, cavalry, and in-
t...ly, crew up under the windows of the King, in front
of the palace, and the people having stationed themselves
in the rear, all in one voice demanded a constitution. The
King appeared at a low window, and assured the people
that he would take into consideration their demand and
that of the army, after consulting with his ministers,
council of state, and the representatives of the foreign
powers. But the commander, M. Calergi, having stepped
forward, made known to his Majesty that the ministry
was no longer recognised, and that the council of state
was already deliberating on the best course to be adopted
under existing circumstances. In fact, the council of
state was engaged in drawing up two documents. The
second was presented to the King by a deputation of
the council, composed of Messrs. Conduriotis, the Pre-
sident, G. Enian, A. P. Mavromichali, jun., Psyles and
Anastasius Londos. _ _ _

" While his Majesty was reading the propositions of the
council of state, the repr.sentatives of the foreign powers
presented themselves at the palace, and were told by the
commander that nobody could be admitted at that
moment, the King being in conference with the deputa-
tion of the council of state. The latter came out two
hours afterwards with the consent of the King. The new
ministry then repaired to the palace, where they held a
long consultation with his Majesty, who shortly appeared
on the balcony, surrounded by his ministers and other
personages, and was received with acclamation by the
people. The cry of Long live the constitutional King,'
resounded together with that of ' The constitution for
ever.' The new ministers entered immediately on the
discharge of their functions.
" The military revolution was directed on the part of
the regular army, by the Colonel of Cavalry (Demetri
Calergi) and on that of the irregular army by Colonel
Macryany. At three o'clock in the afternoon the garri-
son, after defiling before the Palace, reentered their
quarters, preceded by their bands, amidst the acclama-
tions of the people. An hour afterwards the city, in
which order had not been an instant disturbed, resumed
its customary aspect."

Letters from Bogota state the death of Robert Steuart
Esq., the British Minister at New Granada. Under the
administration of Lord Melbourne, he was a junior lord
of the treasury.

MADAME LAFFARGE.—The sale of the furniture, &c.
of the too celebrated chateau of Glandier has just taken
place, and it has revived the enjouement which all the
newspapers in Europe have recorded. The most trifling
articles seen in the late abode of Madame Laffarge have
fetched the highest prices. The wedding dress of lidlle.
Marie Capelle sold for 800 f., and still excited envy ; the
prayer book she used at ber wedding yielded fifty francs ;
a mere sketch of her face fetched twenty-five, some little
albums, a few soiled pages of verses addressed to her, and
other trifles, have attracted a crowd to the Glandier for a
whole fortnight.

CAPE or Goon HoPE.—By a mercantile arrival (the
Isabella) at Ringsbridge, we have advices from the Cape
of Good Hope to the 26th of July. In the interval from
the previous dates, intelligence had been received from
Natal, which, under all circumstances, may be deemed of
considerable importance. The commissioner, M. Cloete,
had proceeded, as we mere previously informed, from Port
Natal to Maurirzburg, the principal village of the emigrant
Boers, in the interior, in order finally to make known the

resolu :n adopted by the British government to include
Port Natal within the boundaries of our possessions in
Southern Africa, and to grant the farmers tenure of their
land, subject to that authority. Due notice had preceded
the commissioner, in order that the Boers might be pre-
pared for his arrival, but Instead of receiving him in a
friendly manner, agreeably to their former professions of
submission to the colonial authority, he was subjected to the
grossest insults. The ebullition partially subsided in a few
days, but the Boers stillcontinued intractable on the points
submitted, and after being duly subjected to a great variety
of petty personal annoyances he found it necessary to return
to Natal without fulfilling his mission. The importance
attached to this state of affairs may be judged of by the
fact, that immediately on the receipt of the intelligence at
Cape Town, his Excellency the Governor published a
proclamation intimating the determination of the govern-
ment to enforce the decree for the annexation of Natal,
and at the same time to despatch 200 men of the 45th
Regiment, with a proportionate number of artillery and
guns, to reinforce Major Smith at the port. Simultane-
ously with this movement two troops of the 7th Dragoon
Guards had been sent round to Algoa Bay, to be nearer
the frontier. With all this, however, it is not believed
that the Boers will again hazard open resistance to a mi-
litary force of adequate amount. There is, however, a
very general opinion entertained that the force at Natal
should have been long ago considerably strengthened,
and that the troops which lately advanced to Colesburg
should not have fallen back, but have remained on the
extreme verge of the colony, until everything was settled,
and the Boers were reconciled to the change.

THE ANTARCTIC EXPEDITION.

(Abridged from the Literary Gazette.)

We congratulate the country on the happy return of
one of the most memorable expeditions ever recorded in
English history ; an expedition fortunate in every respect,
in the outfit provision made for its success, in the intre-
pidity and skill of its conduct th oughout, in the perfect
accomplishment of all its scientific objects, in the con-
tinued health and preservation of the human beings ex-
posed to its perils and privations, in the harmony which
has never for a moment been interrupted among officers
and men by jealousies or misbehaviour, and finally, in
its auspicious arrival at home, after four years of brave
and unwearied exertion, in safety, to be crowned with the
rewards and honours so nobly earned from an admiring
and grateful nation. Justly may Great Britian be proud
of this achievement; and sure we are that its glory will
not be felt by Britain alone, but be acknowledged by the
whole civilised world, to which, as well as to ourselves,
its interesting and important results in science belong.
The examplary humanity and prudence of Captain James
Ross, Captain Crozier, and their gallant companions in-
trusted with the command and direction of the undertak-
ing, are above all praise ; and the reciprocating steadiness
and devotedness of the crews of the two vessels are no
less creditable to the national character. Three fine fel-
lows were lost by accident within the four years ; but
such was the effectual care and management bestowed
during all that time, under every circumstance of toil and
danger, that the first natural death occurred at Rio, on
the homeward voyage, and the first and only corpse was
there committed to the earth. The Erebus, Captain
James Ross, and the Terror, Captain Crozier, left Eng-
land on the 29th Sept.. 1839. A magnetic observatory
was established at St. Helena, and the important point of
minimum magnetic intensity—which exist in the portion
of the Atlantic traversed by the expedition—was deter-
mined. An important series of magnetic experiments
were carried out during the subsequent voyages. On Jan.
11, 1840, after passing in safety through vast fields of ice,
they gained a perfectly clear sea, and in lat. 70 47 S. and
long. 172 36 E. land was discovered at the distance of
nearly 100 miles directly in their course and between
them and the pole—the southernmost land ever discovered.
On nearing it, mountain peaks from 9,000 to 12,000 feet
were discovered. A landing was effected, and formal pos-
session taken. On Jan. 23, the expedition, after sailing
along this magnificent land for a long way, reached 74 15
S. the highest southern latitude that had ever been pre-
viously attained. Here strong southerly gales, thick fogs,
and perpetual snow storms, impeded them. On the 28th
a mountain 12,400 feet above the level of the sea was
seen emitting intense flame and smoke in grand profusion.
No appearance of lava streams could be detected on the
surface of the snow. This splendid volcana was named
Mount Erebus. The expedition pursued its course amidst
great difficulties, until only within 157 miles of the pole ;
but were compelled to return owing to the lateness of the
season. Many other discoveries were made. They de-
parted for Van Diemen's Land, April 4. There was not
an individual on the sick list when they landed there.
Ross was warmly welcomed by his old Arctic companion,
Sir John Franklin.—Second year. In this expedition
the voyagers were often in a position of appalling jeopardy.
During one violent gale amidst icebergs on Jan. 19, 1842,
the rudder of the Erebus was shattered and that of the
Terror utterly destroyed. The shocks sustained by the
ships for 26 hours were terrific. They fought however
against every obstacle, and traced the barrier of ice which
had impeded them the previous year, about 130 miles fur-
ther eastward, but all bey and was fruitless. A new
course was shaped for Cape Horn, and the ships refitted
at Rio Janeiro. One man fell overboard in a heavy gale
—the only casualty during 136 days of arduous duty ;
again there was not a man on the sick list.—Third year.
On Dec. 17th. 1842, the expedition sailed from the Falk-
land Islands. The details of the voyage are deeply inter-
esting. A large continent was discovered and taken pos-
session of; and at the extremity of a vast gulf, magnifi-
cent table topped mountains, 7,000 feet high, were seen.
There is no doubt now, that a continent exists to the
northward of the great barrier discovered in 1841 to the east
of Mount Erebus. The ships were much beset by ice and
storms. The observations appear to prove that the sup-
position of there being two magnetic poles of verticity in
the south (as is well known to be the case in the north) is
erroneous, and that there is in reality but one magnetic
pole in the southern hemisphere. Great perils were en-
countered from ice during the latter part of the voyage,
and the expedition was compelled to sail for the Cape of
Good Hope, which it reached on the 4th of April. The
researches of this voyage extended 12 degrees of latitude
beyond those of the previous voyagers in this meridian
(15 W.) viz. Cook, Bellinghaufen, and Biscoe. The tracts
of the enterprising Waddell, were frequently crossed. A
considerable extent of unknown coast was discovered.
The ships arrived off England on the 4th inst. Capt.
Ross's reception at the Admiralty was cordial in the ex-
treme. When at Cape Horn, making magnetometric
observations, the ships fell in with a party of Fugeans, a
most miserable race of creatures, wandering naked
amongst the constantly falling storms of this inclement
region. On their path from Cape Horn to the Falkland
Islands they observed a very dangerous bank, directly in
the line, on which it is probable that many a daring bark
has been lost, whose fate has never been disclosed to mor-
tal ears. On the island on which they lauded, in lat.
71.56 S and long. 171.7 E, where they procured speci-
mens of minerals imbedded in the igneous rocks, there
was not the least appearance of vegetation ; but was so
densely covered with penguins, which stoutly resisted
their landing, that it was with difficulty they could force
their way throng's them. The acquisitions to natural
history, geology, geography. bat above all towards the
elucidation of the grand mystery of terrestrial magnetism,
raise this voyage to a pre-eminent rank among the great-
est achievements of British courage, intelligence, and
enterprise