The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1851-08-26 00:00:00

THE GREAT EXHIBITION.

TUESDAY.—£2,773I6s. was taken at the doors, and
the number of visitors was 57,059. The building now
opens to the public at 9 o'clock in the morning, and closes
at 6in the evening. An important meeting of the Royal
Commission, which was very fully attended, took place in
the Crystal Palace to-day, and was presided over by Prince
Albert. All matters that could stand over, such as the
fate of the building, and the appropriation of the surplus
funds, are still in reserve; but the following is a summary
of the points finally settled : The Royal Commis-
sioners have fixed Saturday, the 11th of October, as the
day for closing the Exhibition to the public. It is their
intention to hold a meeting in the building on Wednes-
day the 15th of October, at twelve o'clock, to receive the
reports of the several juries, and to take leave of the
foreign commissioners. On this occasion they intend to
request the presence of the exhibitors, the jurors, the
foreign and local commissioners, and the members of the
local committees. I nmediately after the close of their
proceedings permission will be given to the exhibitors to
remove their goods, subject to such regulations as may be
made by the executive committee. The reports of the
juries, and the names of the persons to whom prizes shall
have been awarded, will afterwards be published in the
London Gazette. It is the desire of the Royal Commis-
sioners not only to present medals to the individuals to
whom the juries may have awarded them, but to mark
their sense of the great exertions of all the exhibitors,
and also of the jurors, the foreign and local commis-
sioners, the chairmen, treasurers, and secretaries of local
committees, and other persons who have rendered services
in promoting the Exhibition, and to present them with a
permanent memorial of the undertaking by distributing
medals to each, accompanied by a certificate and a copy
of the reports of the juries. The three medals of
which the designs were originally approved are intended
to he applied as follows :—That by Mr. Leonard Wyon
will be distributed to the prizemen selected by the juries,
that by M. Bonnardel will be given in certain cases recom-
mended by the Council of Chairmen, not as a mark of
excellence in degree on the part of those who receive it,
but for reasons which the Council of Chairmen have been
requested to state specially in their reports. The medal
designed by Mr. Adams will be given to the jurors.
WEDNESDAY.—The sale of season tickets produced
£1 10s. The money taken at the doors amounted to
£2,217 Ss., making a total of £2,218 18s. The police
report gives the number of visitors at 44,567. The tem-
perature, according to the thermometer, was, at 10 o'clock,
62 ; at 2 o'clock, 78 ; making a mean temperature of 73
degrees.

THURSDAY.—The receipts at the doors of the building
amounted to £2,470 25., and the number of visitors
50,482. Referring to the recent selection of goods added
to the Exhibition, with the view of illustrating, in a con-
densed form, the every-day productions of Manchester
and the districts around it, some idea may be formed of
the significance of that unpretending display when we
mention that at present 600,000,000113. of cotton are
annually delivered at Liverpool for consumption, nearly
the whole of which is manufactured into yarn and cloth
in or near Manchester.

FRIDAY.—£I,9S7 12s. 6d. was the amount taken at
the doors of the building, the number of visitors, accord-
ing to the police returns, being 17,978.
SATURDAY.—The receipts at the doors of the build-
ing only amounted to £1,434 17s. 6d., the number of
visitors, according to the police returns, being 14,908.
The declared value of our exports of cotton manufac-
tures last year, entered by the yard (1,358,238,837 yards),
amounted to £20,528,150 ; of lace, hosiery, &c., to
£1.343.780; and of cotton yarn (131,433,168. b.), to
£6,380,948 ; making a total declared value of £28,252,878.
Such are the astounding facts connected with a small and
commonplace-looking collection of goods, situated in a
remote corner of the Exhibition, which few have the
curiosity to visit, and still fewer the patience to survey in
the light which the figures we have given cast upon them.
When the visitor to the Exhibition contemplates the
stupendous machines which he will find placed upon the
railway, which, entering the western extremity of the
building, is conducted along the northern side of the
western aisle, he car.not fail to be struck with the extra-
ordinary progress made in the art of inland transport
%vithin a brief neriod of twenty years, especially if he
compares these machines with the engines which were first
used on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, the first
line on which the locomotive engine was applied to the
swift transport. of passengers.
The North-Western Company exhibits a locomotive
engine on a gigantic scale, called " the Liverpool," con-
structed by Messrs. Bury and Co. This vast machine is
constructed on the principle of the Crampton patent, the
peculiarity of which is, that the driving wheels are placed
nt the rear of the engine immediately under the firebox.
This machine is supported on eight wheels, the driving
wheels being 8 feet, and the supporting wheels 4 feet in
diameter. The cylinders are 18 inches diameter, and 24
inches stroke. The evaporating power of the boiler must
be enormous, since the heating surface exposed to the
direct action of the fire is 156 square feet, and the total
surface of the tubes which traverse longitudinally the
boiler, and by which the gaseous products of combustion
are conducted from the fire-box to the chimney and
strained of their heat en route, have a total ma'am of not
less than 2,090 square feet. Thus there is a total heating
surface of 2,400 square feet. The weight of the machine
when supplied with its full complement of coke and water
Os 37 tons.

The second engine exhibited by the North-Western
Company is " the Cornwall," designed by M. F. Trevi-
thick, one of the superintendents, and constructed at the
Crewe establishment of that company in 1846, for the
purpose of running express trains at a high rate of speed.
The cylinders in this machine are 171 inches in diameter,
and 2 feet stroke. The driving wheels are 8 feet 6 inches
in diameter. This increase of diameter is given to the
driving wheels with a view to obtain an increased speed
with a diminished wear, arising from too rapid reciproca-
tion of the pistons.
The cylinders in this engine are placed outside the
wheels. The centre of gravity is lowered by suspending
the boiler under the driving axle. The driving wheels are
placed about midway in the length of the engine, while
the others, bearing a lesser weight, are placed at the
foremost and hinder ends ; this disposition of the wheels
being found to be favourable to the motion on curves.
The boiler has 1046 feet of heating surface, with certain
peculiarities of construction and arrangement of the
working gear which renders it easily examined when run-
ning. The gross weight of the engine in working trim is
27 tons. It is supported on eight wheels, and has taken
trains at speeds varying from 60 to 70 miles an hour.

COWES REGATTA—THE CLIPPER YACHT AME-
RICA."—The great yacht match at Cowes, on Friday,
resulted in the defeat of the English yachts by the Yankee
clipper " America," beating all her competitors with ease,
after a most exciting contest. The day was fine, and at
starting there was not much wind. The start was bril-
liant in the extreme, and eighteen vessels were entered for
the cruise, all of which started except three. The start
took place at ten o'clock, and among the vessels, in addi-
tion to those named below, were the Bacchante, Wyvern,
Mona, and Brilliant. The utmost alacrity was displayed
by the respective crews, and in less than half a minute
the whole fleet was under way. The Gipsey Queen took
the lead, being to the northward in the strength of the
tide, followed by Beatrice to the southward, Volante,
lone. Constance, Arrow, Alarm, &c. The America was
in the westward line, the whole being moored in two lines.
She was the last to take " a motion," and, as soon as
her canvass was up, she slipped away from among the
fleet, and sailed up to her competitors, passing them in
succession until she was abreast of Norris Castle, having
only the Constance, Beatrice, and Gipsy before her.
Soon afterwards she hot ahead of these, and off Ryde was
ahead of all her competitors, and continued gradually to
increase the gap between them. At one o'clock she
carried away her jib-boom, and, of course, some little
time was lost in remedying the disaster. At the Needles,
the America was seven or eight miles ahead of the nearest
yacht. On the return from the westward, the America
came up with her foresail and mainsail " goosewing"
fashion, but for an hour 'afterwards there was no appear-
ance in the channel of the second yacht. Eventually the
America reached Cowes at 8.35; another gun was fired at
8.55, which was inferred to be the second vessel, but this
was a mistake. It was dark, and fireworks were being
exhibited, and among the confusion it was impossible to
pick the yachts out, even had there been any in the vici-
nity. The distance the Aurora was left outside the
Needles, with the ebb-tide against her inside the
Solent, would render the time of her alleged arrival
improbable, unless she brought up a strong breeze
with her. The Volante returned to Cowes with the
loss of her bowsprit. The America throughout the
race was beautifully handled ; and, in addition to her
own crew of seven Yankee sailors, had three of the best
channel pilots on board, the helm being taken by Under-
wool, of Cowes. Her Majesty and Prince Consort, with
the royal children, embarked on board the Victoria and
Albeit at two o'clock, and proceeded up the Solent in the
direction of the Needles, for the purpose of viewing the
match. The royal yacht passed the Needles before the
America had reached the Freshwater. When the two
vessels met, the America lowered her flag, and the crew
gave three hearty cheers ita honour of the royal presence.
The result of the race appears to have come like a thunder-
clap upon the yachting gentry, although they have been
somewhat prepared for the event. Four of the yachts
suddenly altered their course, and proceeded round the
Nab Light instead of passing between it and the island.
The America, followed by all the others, took the inner
channel, which is not the usual course, and which is one
of considerable risk at particular times of the tide. At the
termination of the race, it was objected that the America
had not gone over the course, and was not entitled to the
cup. The sailing committee met, on Saturday, at the
Club-house at Cowes, to consider the objection that bad
been urged, and, after due consideration, came to the
conclusion unanimously that the America was fairly
entitled to the cup.
On Saturday evening the America sailed from Cowes to
Osborne, in consequence of an intimation that the Queen
wished to inspect her. The Victoria end Albert also
dropped down to Osborne. At a quarter to 6 the Queen
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in the harp to ilshonte7, where the arrived at

proceadet
half•past 6 o'clock