The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-11-14 00:00:00

Nov. 14, 1848.

Efteraturt.

P O E T R Y.

JUDAS ISCARIOT.
(From the Italian.)
'The infamous reward he cast away—
Base bribe, by which the life of Christ was sold !
Then on a tree he fixed the fatal noose,
And from the bough the sordid sinner swung.
Murmured the dark apostate spirit, pent
In sad and rabid sound within his throat,
And Jesus cursed, and cursed his own foul crime,
Adding another gain to murky hell!—
Forth sprang, and with a loud and hideous howl,
The struggling spirit, which stern Justice then
Awaiting seized ; and en the Holy Mount,
Tinging her finger in the blood of Christ,
Wrote on the traitor's forehead sentence dire
Of never-ending woe, and forthwith hurled
Disdainfully the wretch to penal fires
—Passing those gloomy gates Hell stood aghast,
And quaked throughout her bound, and yelling wild,
As from the traitor's forehead, meteor-like,
With lurid ray that sign portentous gleamed !
J. F.

VARIETIES.

It is not generally known that stale bread, when im-
mersed in cold water for a moment or two, and rebaked
for about an hour, is in every respect equal to newly-
baked bread.
SMOKE v. CHARITY.—The Rev. F. Close told a public
meeting the other day that the people of England indul-
ging a vile German habit, puffed out of their mouths annu-
ally a sum that would suffice to maintain all the charities
Of England !
A TEMPERATE RETORT.—A tourist who had " put an
enemy into his mouth that stole away his legs," tumbled
from the deck of a barge into the Crinan canal, and, being
fished out, quarrelled with the captain for not having a rail
round the craft. The skipper turned the laugh upon him
by retorting that he should have had a rail round his
mouth.
CHARACTERISTIC.—An American lady, who had been
sick at Marseilles, and had received many kind attentions
from many of her sex, both French and English, was
asked to give her opinion respecting the two classes of her
ajmPathisers. Her reply was, "They are both kind. The
French ladies brought me flowers all day ; the English
ladies sat up with me all night."
A BEAUTIFUL HEDGE.—The best hedge in the United
States, says the Genesee Farmer, extends a mile on a
Plantation of three thousand acres, near Augusta, Geor-
gia. It is the Cherokee rose, which is now in full bloom,
presenting a magnificent floral spectacle, and filling the
atmosphere with delicious perfume. No animal without
wings can get over it or through it.
DECLINING A LOAN.—Phil was inclined for a trip to
the springs, and called upon his friend. " Hal, my dear
boy, lam off for the Capes, and I find this morning l'm
a trifle short—lend me a hundred will you ?" Hal, after
a pause, which apparently included a mental examination
of his financial arrangements, " Well, Phil, to tell you
the truth—l do not feel disposed—to make any permanent
investment."
NEW MODE OF SCARING RATS.—Catch a rat in a wire
trap keep him until night ; then procure a preparation
of phosphorus in oil, apply it all over the rat, except
ais head, and turn him loose into his hole. Such scam-
pering and getting out of the house as occurs, as his
Phosphorescent majesty pursues his alarmed friends,
Whom he is anxious to overtake, afford certainly a secu-
-I'4 against the return of the depredators for a long sea-
son.—Suffolk Chronicle.
THE POPULAR TASTE.—In one of the principal tho-
roughfares of one of the principal towns of the West
Riding (Sheffield) is to be seen the following very attrac-
tive exhibition. We copy the announcement verbatim et
literatim, as it appears emblazoned in large characters
over the entrance :—" To Bee, Seen, with in, Mr. W.
Smith, O'Brien, who, was, Condemned, to, be hung,
Drawn, and, Quartered. Also, Peter, Reaney and is,
Mother, admission one penny.
EASY METHOD OF INCREASING A LIBRARY.—
Ptolemy Euergetes was unscrupulous in his mode of
augmenting the royal library. He seized all books im-
Ported into Egypt by foreigners, had them carefully tran-
scribed teed returned the copies to the owners, keeping
the originals. He borrowed the works of Sophocles,
JEsehylus, and Euripides, from the Athenians, and served
them in the same manner, accompanying the return (not
of the originals, but of the copies) with a handsome
douceur.
CHEAP FOOD.—At a meeting of the Academie des
Sciences, on the 16th ultimo, a paper was read by M.
Payne, on the part of the author, M. Flandin, who exhi-
bited some specimens of horse chesnuts fecula, entirely
deprived of bitterness, and other specimens of bread and
biscuits prepared with one part of this fecula and three
Parts of wheat flour. The author declares that a horse
chesnut is worth as much as a potato, and that two trees
bearing this fruit at the door of every cottage in the coun-
try are equivalent to several acres of potato fields, the
more so, as the horse chesnut almost always yields a good
crop, and requires hardly any care.
THE FoximuNns.—The feeding of a ker.nel of fox-
hounds is one of the most striking illustrations of the
power of training to produce complete obedience. The
feeder stations himself at the door, and calls'each dog in-
dividually, the rest, however impatient they be, remaining
quiet until their turn arrives. In these kennels a bar-
barous custom of the dogs towards each other has some-
times been observed. If a dog gets down of his own ac-
cord from a bench on which he has been lying, no notice
is taken of it by the others ; but if he should unfortunately
fall from the bench by accident, his companions fly at him
and worry him to death.—Rural Cyclopmclia.
• A NATURAL MISTAKE.—A National Guard was walk-
ing into St. Paul's, when he was stopped for the ordinary
twopence. " Qu' est que c'est ?" said the astonished
Frenchman. " Twopence," exclaimed the clerical door-
keeper. " Plait-il " inquired the Frenchman. " Two-
Pence," shouted the twopenny janitor, getting very wroth.
After numberless explanations, the twopence was paid,
and the Frenchman walked in. " Hollo ! you sir, you
must take your hat off." No notice was takenovhen the
enraged doorkeeper ran after the Frenchman, and ex-
plained to him very warmly that he must not walk about
with his hat on. Pardon millefois," said the National
Guard, removing his shako, "mais je ne savais pas gee
c'crtait une 6flise !"—Punch.
CHLOROFORM A RELIEF IN THE CRISIS OF CONSUMP-
'TION.—Another instance of the efficacy of this very
valuable medicine I have just witnessed ; the beneficial
esult of which will, I trust, induce others to try it under
similar circumstances. This was a case of consumption,
where the patient had frequent vomitings of blood.
Amongst many other painful symptoms, perhaps the most
distressing was that of an extreme nervous irritability,
Producing a state of great anxiety. No relief could be
obtained from the most powerful soporifics. Chloroform
Was in this case administered with extreme caution, and
largely diluted with atmospheric air. The smallest pos-
sible quantity was sufficient. The agitation of the sys-
em was immediately subdued, the pulse quickly abated
in frequency, and the poor sufferer, with a serene and
Placid countenance, sank into repose with the expression
that she felt as if in heaven.—Bainbrigee on Chloroform.
THE END OF AUTUMN.—It was now the end of autumn.
The fog was heavy in the morning, as it hung sluggishly
about the hills over Pottleton, chilling the sunbeams as
struggled through it, so that the large drops of dew
thenlg all day to the blades of grass. The shrivelled brown
leaves, as they fell from the trees, allowed glimpses of the
distant country to be seen through the skeleton branches ;
and then, pattering down, lay thick upon the ground,
covering the wet doggy footpaths through the shaws and
copses. The tops a the noble chesnuts, that had
been so glorious in the spring, were now quite bare :
except that here and there a tawny, ragged leaf
fluttered and whirled about in dreary loneliness; and
the creepers that reached even to the chimney-tops
of the old houses had turned fiery red, striving to
Make as warm an appearance as they could in the
sharp mornings. Smoke curled up from the cottages,
and people began to collect wood for the long evenings,
and stack it in " cords" in the yard, as the cold nights
announced the approach of winter. Otherwise, the sea-
son was still fine—the calm old age of the year, now that
the turbulent passions of its spring, and hey-day of its
summer-tide, had settled down to rest, as it tranquilly
awaited its final passing away.—The Pottleton Legacy.
MR. MACREADY IN AMERICA.-We witnessed last
evening, with great pleasure, a repetition of Mr. Mac-
ready's Hamlet. We have no occasion to qualify in the
slightest degree the high praise we have before bestowed
Upon the impersonation. The actor masters the grand
difficulty which very few are able to master—to preserve
a nice yet palpable distinction between the madness
Hamlet is forced to simulate for the purposes of his
great revenge, and the real frenzy to which he is wrought
up by the melancholy tendency of his own mind, the
visits of his father's ghost, and the fearful disclosures
Which " harrow up his soul." In Mr. Macready's de-
lineation there is no confusion of the real with the
feigned—no slipshod reading to perplex the sense, and,
we must in justice add, none of that claptrap extravagance
that has been charged upon him in the part. If we were
to take exception at all, it would be to an over
.precision,
although such an exception might be unjust, as in Hamlet
More than any other of Shakspeare's characters, precision
is most absolutely essential, as it is the one in which, least
of all, an intelligent audience can tolerate that roughness
and unevenness which may be easily overlooked in cha-
racters reouiring a lower standard of art for the delinea-
tion. We amen attempt to instance any portion of the
Part evincing more especial merit than the others. The
death-scene, as are all Mr. Macready's death-scenes, was
strikingly impressive and beautiful.—New York Herald.
THE WRITINGS OF ST. LUKE.—St. Luke possesses two
qualifications as a writer, which, in a great degree, com-
Pensate for his omissions, and which enable us to supply
many of them with the greatest certainty. The first is,
ms perfect knowledge of his subject, and the next his ac-
curacy. No man who was not gifted in a super-eminent
eeree with this quality could have given a narrative capa-
ble of being tested as his has been in the following examin-
ation : he must not only have been an accurate observer,
but his memory must have been accurate, and his habits
'9.f thought and reasoning not less so ; hence his facts af-
ford the firmest grounds for resting conclusions upon,
and these, in their turn, furnish data for mathematical
l',easoning. The reader may give an incredulous smile at
the idea of working the dead reckoning of a ship .from
such disjointed and apparently vague notices, yet I have
none so,—and the result is nearer than I could have ex-
pected beforehand, had it been the journal of a modern
Ship, and I had her log-book lying before me. I admit
that a coincidence so extraordinary is, to a certain extent,
accidental; but it is an accident which could not have
happened had there been any inaccuracy on the part of
narrator : had he made an error of a single day it
fould have been difficult to have reconciled his state-
Z 1719 ; and bad it been any other island than Malta upon
Which the ship was wrecked it would have been impossible.
refer the reader to the account of the voyage for the
Calculations and authorities upon which they are founded.
The Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul.

Is IT LAWF UL TO ALLEVIATE SUFFERING BY CHLO-
ROFORM.—If there are some women who suppose that
God has ordained seasons of suffering to which they feel
it a duty to submit, and that the word "sorrow " means
either mental or bodily pain, or both, they will do well to
remember, that the sentence does not determine either
its amount or its duration, and we know that the amount
of suffering varies with almost every sufferer. The an-
guish is heavier on the one, lighter on the other, and
even with all the aid of this wonderful and valuable
remedy it must still remain so. For pain is in all cases
more or less endured, before it would be prudent to ad-
minister chloroform. Those remedies which for ages
women have never thought of scrupling to accept stand
on precisely the same ground as chloroform, only less
efficacious and less useful in their degree. If these were
lawful, so, too, is chloroform. They ameliorated pain to
a certain degree, but with unpleasant consequences; this
to a still higher degree, and with the happiest and most
harmless results.—Bainbrigge's Remarks on Chloroform.

KNIPP AND HER HUSBAND.-Gth. To a dinner and
much company. Mr. Cuttle and his lady and I went,
hoping to get Mrs. Knipp to us, having wrote a letter to
her in the morning, calling myself " Dapper Dicky," in
answer to her's of " Barbary Allen," but could not, and
am told by the boy that carried my letter, that he found
her crying ; and I fear she lives a sad life with that ill-
natured fellow her husband : so we had a great, but I a
melancnoly dinner. After dinner to cards, and then
comes notice that my wife is come unexpectedly to me
to town : so Ito her. It is only to see what I do, and
why I come not home; and she is in the right that I
would have a little more of Mrs. Knipp's company before
Igo away. My wife to fetch away my things from Wool-
wich, and I back to cards, and after cards to choose King
and Queene, and a good cake there was, but no marks
found ; but I privately found the clove, the mark of the
knave, and privately put it into Captain Cockle's piece,
which made some mirth, because of his lately being
known by his buying of clove and mace of the East India
prizes. At night home to my lodging, where I find my
wife returned with my things. It being Twelfth-Night,
they had got the fiddler, and mighty merry they were ;
and I above, come not to them, leaving them dancing,
and choosing King and Queene.—Pepy's Diary.

SUCCESSFUL MANcEUVRE AGAINST A SOCIALIST.—
A very good story is told, the truth of which is well
known, and which illustrates pretty strongly the real value
of la liberte du vote, for which the heroes of February
fought. In one of the more distant departments it was
well known that the peasantry had the full intention of
voting in favour of Raspail, who had been represented to
them as the friend of the people. The opponent of
the socialist candidate, aware that such was the case,
immediately formed and executed a scheme calculated
to checkmate the movements of Raspail, and ensure
his own nomination. Some few days previous to that
fixed for voting, the inhabitants of the surrounding
country remarked that several men, bearing the ap-
pearance of engieeers, or land-surveyors, were busily em-
ployed in measuring the land in every direction, and in
taking notes thereupon. Extremely puzzled as to the cause
of such very unusual proceedings, a sturdy old peasant, upon
whose corn-fields the surveyors were then at work, went
up, and demanded what they were about. The answer
was :—"As it is well known that Le Citoyen Raspail will
certainly be elected in your department, and that imme-
diately after his nomination he will carry into effect a law
upon the division of property, we are taking the measure
of the land hereabouts, that as little delay as possible may
take place in carrying the new law into execution !" The
report immediately spread like wildfire, and the result
was, that Raspail scarcely obtained a single vote, and that
his opponent was duly elected representant du peuple.
So much for the liberte du vote of Republican France.
—"Politics en Passant," Bentley's Miscellany for the
present month.
NAPPER TANDY.—General Napper Tandy, once more
celebrated than Mitchel or " Meagher of the Sword," is
thus described by a spy, who accompanied him on a
voyage to Ireland in a privateer, with some French offi-
cers, artillerymen, and arms :—With respect to him, the
French Directory had little reliance on the great promises
he made. He promised to raise for them in 'lreland a
legion of 10,000 men ; but they suspected his means of
doing this, as well as the weakness and vanity of his dis-
position. Being importunate, the Directory made him a
General provisionally ; he pledged his head for the success
of his proposition ; but, to his woful experience, could
not raise a single man, and bad scarcely set his foot on
Irish ground until obliged to make a precipitate retreat.
There was on board, besides Tandy, holding the rank of
General, provisionally, from the French Directory, Black-
well, educated under the Jesuits, but at the commence-
ment of the French revolution, being able to proceed no
further in that line, entered the army, and on the 14th of
July last got the command of a company of hussars, was
shortly after made a colonel, and during the passage com-
pelled Tandy to give him first the rank of adjutant-gene-
ral, and next that of general of brigade. This Blackwell
had Tandy like a child in leading-strings. There was also
on board General Ray, who was during the American war
a sort of commissary-general among the Illinois Indians ;
a colonel of artillery, eight captains, a captain of hussars,
and some inferior officers. His (Tandy's) weakness ap-
pears very prominent in the following circumstances :
He has got a few laced coats, which he is eternally over-
hauling and gazing on. The day he landed, for a few
hours, on the Isle of Arran, at Rutland, he intoxicated
himself to such a degree as to be incapable of getting to
the boat. During the action with the Tom armed mer-
chantman, he squatted on the deck, with a pint bottle of
brandy, which he emptied twice. The only thing in which
I saw him imitate the man was, that he had put two
eight-pound shot in his pockets, to leap overboard in case
of striking to the English ship. The French officers on
board, all except General Ray, agreed in atxusing Tandy
of cowardice, imbecility, and weakness, and wrote a letter
of impeachment against him to the Minister of Marine.
The names they gave him were " infame, imbecile, scele-
rat."—Castlereagh Correspondence.
THE COPYRIGHT OF PARADISE LOST.—As Lord Cam-
den cites the example of Milton, to show that he placed
no value upon the right of property in his great poem, it
may be well to repeat the authentic facts concerning the
sale of that copyright. Milton sold his copyright to
Samuel Simmons in 1667, for an immediate payment of
£5. But she agreement entitled him to a conditional
payment of £5 more when 1,300 copies should be sold of
the first editition ; of the like sum alter the same number
of the second edition ; and of another £5 after the same
sale of the third edition. The number of each edition
was not to exceed 1,500 copies. In two years the sale
gave the poet a right to his second payment, for which
he signed a receipt on the 26th of April, 1669. The se-
cond edition was not printed till 1674, and Milton did not
live to receive the payment stipulated for this impression.
The third edition was published in 1678 ; and his widow,
to whom the copy was then to devolve, agreed with Shn-
mons, the printer, to receive £8 for her right, according
to her receipt, dated December 21, 1680 ; and sh 3 gave
him a general release, dated April 29, 1681. Simmons
sold the right to Brabason Aylmer, a bookseller, for £25,
and Aylmer sold it to Jacob Tonson, one moiety in August
1683, and the other moiety in March 1690, at a price con-
siderably advanced. (Todd's Life of Milton, 193-195,
London, 1826.) It thus appears that the poet was very
careful to assert his full right of property, as he and others
understood it at the time, and to make it available to his
family. The amount which he chose to receive, compared
with the real value of the poem, or measured by a modern
standard, seems very trifling. But as such rights were
estimated then, and considering that the poem gained
slowly upon the attention of his own age, it was not a
grossly inadequate price. When it had been published
fourteen years and upwards, the copyright between one
bookseller and another, brought only £25. Yet its value
could not have been affected by any apprehension, at the
time of this sale, that it was not protected by the common
law. Such a notion had not then arisen ; and long after,
viz. in 1739, Lord Hardwicke protected by injunction the
title of Tonson, derived under the assignment made by the
poet in 1667 Doubtless Milton did not write his great
poem for money ; but we have seen that he supposed the
right of exclusive property in authors was acknowledged
by the law of his country, and he took pains practically to
assert the right in his own case. It seems by no means a
wild conjecture, that he did this for the sake of example,
as well as in order to preserve his reputation, by keeping
the control of the text of his poem.—Curtis on Literary
Property.
NARROW ESCAPE OF SIR CHARLES NAPIER BEFORE
CORUNNA.—It was a matter of extreme importance to
silence an advanced gun which was making great havoc in
the English lines, and a shot from which very gun even-
tually struck down Sir John Moore. Napier, as one of
Moore's Majors, par excellence, advanced upon it. The
ground was much broken, consisting of walled gardens,
and byroads, with deep cuttings. In the heat of the
combat, Napier had seized a musket, and gained a position,
on which he stood firing and rallying his men, urging them
to form a rush upon the gun. Four only of the gallant 50th
were able toreachhim, so deadly was the fire to which they
were exposed. Finding further attempts vain, and observing
that he was cut off from his regiment by a party of the enemy
who had concealed themselves in the village, whilst he passed,
he called upon his little band to endeavour with him to cut
their way through. Three were instantly cut down : the
fourth was wounded, and called on Napier to help him.
Napier, whilst assisting him, was wounded in the leg,
having the fibula fractured by a musket-ball. He now re-
linquished his musket, and using his sword as a support,
endeavoured to regain his regiment. At this moment he
felt a wound inflicted in his back by a soldier who had
emerged from one of the houses. Turning rapidly round,
he seized the musket of his assailant, which having
struck upon his spine, fortunately did not pene-
trate deeply. Whilst struggling, several other sol-
diers closed in upon him ; but with a degree of activity,
almost supernatural, he managed to keep his close anta-
gonist between him and his assailants, never losing hold
of the musket. At length the unequal combat was termi-
nated by a French soldier coming up with a short sabre,
and felling him to the earth with a blow on the skull,
which was supposed to have cleft it in twain. As he lay
in this state, he was rifled by the soldiers with such fero-
city, that they tore away a portion of his dress with his
watch ; and one, conceiving that he perceived some vitality
remaining, was about to extinguish it, when he was rescued
by the humanity of a French drummer, whose admiration
had been excited by his bravery. While the French were
carrying Napier to the rear, he in some degree recovered con-
sciousness, and saw Hennessy, an Irishman of the 30th, one
of the stragglers who had survived the murderous conflict,
deep in the French position, coining all alone with his
musket at the charge, towards Napier's escort, with the
full intention of rescuing his commander, or being himself
killed. Napier at once ordered him to lay down his arms
and surrender. " And for what should I snrrindher ?"
was the reply. However, the habit of obedience was too
strong, and Hennesey merely vented his displeasure by
letting the butt of his musket drop heavily on the drum-
mer's legs, and pushing him away from beside Napier,
determined, if he could not rescue, at least to carry his
commander. Soult, with the chivalric spirit of a great
warrior, rewarded Napier's preserver, and treated himself
with the greatest kinduesi.—Dublin University Magazine.

THE IRISH CHURCH THE CHURCH OF

THE PEOPLE.

(Fro,m the
_Record

The assumption, that England forcibly took away the
possessions of the ancient Church of Ireland, and confer-
red them on Protestants,—is not only at variance with the
truth, but is utterly and entirely opposed to it.
When Henry VIII. threw off his dependence on the see
of Rome, he not only met with no opposition from the
Catholics of Ireland,—they were even forward in taking
part with him.
Dean Murray, in bis History of the Irish Church,
states, that " No sooner had Henry asserted his claims to
the entire sovereignty of Ireland, than all the nobles ar-
rayed themselves on the side of the Crown." " Desmond
was the first who presented himself ; on the 16th of Jan-
uary, 1540, he executed an indenture, in which he utterly
denied, and promises to forsake, the usurped primacy and
authority of the Bishop of Rome, and all that should by
any means maintain it. " Shortly after, O'Connor and
O'Dunne gave similar pledges. O'Donnell, in his inden-
ture, dated August 6, 1542, declares that he will renounce,
relinquish, and to the best of his power annihilate, the
usurped authority of the Roman pontiff.' His example
was followed a week after by M`Mahon.
" In the January following, O'Neil, the leader of the
northern Irish, met the King's Commissioners, and en-
tered into similar engagements ; and the course of that
year the same was done by O'Brien, the first chieftain of
Munster ; by O'More, O'Rourke, M`Donel, and the head
of the De Burghs, who was known by the Irish title of
M'William."

Dr. Murray gives a copy of one of these indentures,
from the council-book at Dublin Castle, in which the
Lords Barry, M'Carty More, M'Carty Beagh, M'Cor-
mick, O'Sullivan Beare, Barry Roe, M`Donough, O'Cal-
laghan, &c., &c., " do promise that they will, as far as in
them lieth, annihilate the usurped authority of the Bishop
of Rome, and will expel and eradicate all his favourers,
partisans, and abettors, &c."
As a plain and undeniable historical fact, then. it may
be stated, without fear of contradiction, that when Henry
VIII determined to throw off the dominion of Rome, the
Irish, the native Irish, by their leaders, warmly and ea-
gerly went with him in the separation.
On Elizabeth's accession, both threats and allurements
were used by the Romish see to induce her to renew Eng-
land's fornier submission. But the Queen, says a Romish
bishop, " resolved to shake off the yoke of the Roman
see," and proceeded to the formation of aNational Church.
"As soon," says Dr. Murray, "as this determination
of the Queen was made known, the whole body of the
Romish priests abandoned their connexion with Rome,
and adopted the Liturgy of the Church of Ireland, and the
entire mass of the population outwardly conformed to the
Ritual of the Established Church. That the whole island
did actually profess the Protestant faith in the time of
Elizabeth, is a fact as certain as any in the records of his-
tory."
Carte thus describes the fact, " In the beginning of
Queen Elizabeth's reign, the Roman Catholics, univer-
sally throughout England, went to the parish churches,
where the English liturgy was constantly used. They
continued doing so for eleven years ;—and the case was
much the same in Ireland, where th Bishops complied
with the Reformation, and the .aoman Catholics in gen-
eral resorted to the parish churches, in which the English
service was used, until the end of Queen Elizabeth's
reign. But swarms of Jesuits and priests, educated in the
seminaries founded by King Philip in the Netherlands,
coming over to that kingdom (Ireland), as full of secular
as of religious views ;—they soon prevailed with an igno-
rant and credulous people to withdraw from the public ser-
vices of the Church."

Bevington, a Popish Bishop, says,—" For some time
the great body of the clergy conformed externally to the
law. It was publicly declared by Sir Edward Coke, At-
torney-General," and " admitted by Father Parsons, that
many throughout the realm did, either for fear, or lack of
better instruction, repair to the Protestant churches."
" What do we find, then ?" says Lord Roden, in his
Letter to Lord Alvanley, " not the property transferred,
as is often stated, from one sort of ecclesiastics to another,
but the persons then in possession consenting to, and ef-
fecting, in conjunction with the State, a reform in religion,
and subscribing and conforming to the doctrines, rites,
and ceremonies of the church, as it is to this day estab-
lished. Only two of the bishops, Kildare and Meath, were
deprived of their sees ; and this, for an act of rebellion
against the Queen, in refusing to acknowledge her as the
supreme governor of the clergy as well as laity." So that
the Irish Episcopacy, far more readily than the English,
joined in the Reformation ; in England every bishop, ex-
cept one, quitting his see rather than consent to Elizabeth
and the system of which she was the representative !
It is, then, one of the clearest and most unquestionable
facts in history, that o'n the proposition of Reformation
being made to the people of Ireland by Henry and Eliza-
beth, the people, their chiefs, and their bishops willingly
fell in with it ; and that with greater, not less, unanimity
than was shown by the Roman Catholics of England.
The change was made, not violently or by arbitrary power
and force of arms, but by consent. publicly and willingly
given. And the Popery we now find in Ireland is not the
descendant of the Irish Church of the fifteenth and the
sixteenth centuries; it is wholly of foreign implantation.
Jesuit priests were sent over from Rome, to re-convert the
nation ; and their success was mainly owing, as we shall
endeavour hereafter to show, to the gross neglect, and
positive wrong and injustice done to the Irish church by
the aristocracy and the governing powers, set over her by
England, most of whom shamefully abused the trust which
was publicly committed to them.