The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-04-28 00:00:00

biISCELLANEOUS.

the Vice-Chancel.
The subscriptions for the lunatic asylum in Wales exceed
£sooo'
BANK FAILURE.—The failure of Messrs. Inkersoleand
Goddard, bankers, Market Harborougb, Leicestershire
announced in London on Monday. , was
On Saturday, at the Court of Review,
lot-, Sir J. L. Knight Bruce, dismissed the petition againesii
the bankruptcy of Lord Huntingtower, with coats.
NEW CHURCHES.—The foundation stone of a new church
s.—This
was laid on Easter Tuesday upon Macclesfield Common
sattidoovenrFLriadnaey, Icashtesater. similar gratifying ceremony took plan
An old woman, a native of Lisburn, died there on Thus.
when, the train
day, aged 113 years. What was remarkable, in addition to
her age, was the fact, that she had not worn a shoe •
during
the last forty years, as she had been doing penance.
Mr. VILLIER'S MOTION ON THE CORN-LAW
ggage 'of the carriages
motion is fixed for the 9th of May ; and on the same day a
conference will take place in London of deputies from ail
parts of the kingdom, summoned on the invitation of she
Anti-Corn-law League.
RAILWAY ACCIDENT.—On the arrival of the train from
Glasgow to Lachwinnoch station on Friday, one of the por_
turdgotudde
hl
yon e
taa
rt
triuncgk, thoe a
fell, gaensdo nal e
numberlu
passed over his body. Instant death was the result.
which commence
-
Bench, Mr. Serieant Wrangliam, Sir Gregory Lewin, mr-
TnE QUEEN'S COUNSEL.On Wednesday, in the Queen,.
Talbot, Mr. Martin, Mr. Roebuck, and Mr. Watson, having
been appointed her Majesty's Counsel, those learned gentle-
men were called within the bar.
THE TEA TRADE, APRIL 24.—The deliveries of
the preceding packagesisullonwha Tea last
week were 517,200110, being a great increase over those of
of the
public sales of upwa Got trade
to-morrow.
COSTLY COLLECTION OF POOR RATES.—At the Iva.
ford Board of Guardians, on Thursday last, Mr. FitxuZ.
rice, the collector for Gaultier, stated the amount of his 1-
week.rdsTiOlfe
12s 9d., the co .
lection for the week to be £l4 • cost for collect.
ing which amounted to £l3 ss. 6d.1 !
Me LIVES LOST. —On Sunday night last, a fe
minutes past nine o'clock, a boat, containing seven persouir
Came in collision, on saes Thames, with a Greenwich , .•
vessel, called the Royal ,
Tar belongin to gam.
. g the Old Green-
vessel,
wish Steam-boat Company, by which three persons perished:
DREADFUL DEATII.—On Wednesday, a
Young ma
years of age, was let down a well in Goswell-street, Clenrit 21
well, for the urpose of cleaning it out, and in about aqu en-
of an hour twos spoken to, but no anawer being returanrtede
a boy was sent down, when it was ascertained that the f e '
poor fellow had been suffocated by the foul air. former
On Friday evening, the 14th instant, the revenue
No. 45, stationed at Portglenone: proceeded by a tarty,
march to a place in the parish of Kirkinriola, and su reed
cceeded
before daylight on Saturda • mornin in .' '
) Ballymena,g, Bonn, and saf 1 •
lodging in the excise stores, 56 bales, weighing
357 lbs., of prime leaf tobacco, which was most ingeniously--"b
concealed under ground.—Derry paper.
COLLEGIATE INSTITUTION, BIRMINGHAM.—At a s
meeting of the council and friends of the Roval School
of
blish a college for the board, lodging, and tutelary o esta.
students. Amongst the members present were the
o f its
Hon. Lord Lyttleton, the Rev. Chancellor L Right
Rev. Vaughan Thomas. Law, and the
CURIOUS BREACH OF PROMISE CASE.--The
action of
Captain -- against Miss H—, for breach of
promise of
marriage, under circumstancesnces noticed some m
has been settled by compromise. The jury
had months since,
been struck,
and the lawyers had been fee'd.
B ant But the gall son of Mars
has, we hear, accepted of compensation in the
for the wounds inflicted upon his heart by shape of 4550 obdurate fair
one.—Dublin Post. the
SINGULAR SUICIDE.—On Monday last,
gentleman residing in Prince's Square, London,Mr' Christy, a
previously given indications of an wed who had
pressed
a wish to take a walk which ration of mind, ex-
being accompanied by a keeper. Hconsented to on his
person of keeping so close to him, e complained to this
reached the swing bridge which and when they had
London Docks he suddenly rushed away
the basin of the
the Tobacco Dock basin. Roped away and jnroped into
but he made no effort to in
cave himself,
thrown out to him
minutes, and was dead when his b himself, sunk in a few
body was recovered.
SALE OF AUTOGRAPHS, &C.—At
&c. on Wednesday, belonging a sale of autographs,
to
autograph letter from Sir Philip S
the late Dean of Exeter, an
autograph note of Oliver Cromwell Sydney produced £4 65.; an
in fine preservation, and boreda was sold for £7 ;it was
payment of £l,OOO to thewife date 1648. A warrant for the
,etched £3 la. • of John Hampden, dated 1652,
. , an autograph letter from
£5 12s. 6d. ; a letter from Charles Dryden to his wife,
£4 14s. and asi n I. to Sir F. Windebank,
ter, unaddressed, frognilparnujaolhof Cromwell, £3 Ils. A let-
Ils.; one from Lord Nelson,*usun, was purchased for £2
dated on board the Amason,
September 24, 1801.
'nix SCOTCH CHURCH.—Sir George Sinclair, in a pamph-
let recently published urges with the utmost importunity,
the expedience of government at once coming forward with
a legislative measure for the settlement of the deplorable con-
troversy which has so lonf rent the Scotch Establishment.
If Mr. Colquhoun, of Kil ermont, is to be taken as an au-
thority on the intentions of the cabinet in this matter, the
policy recommended by the ex-member for Caithness is not
"addressed to certain
likely to be followed. In a letter _ _ _
members of the Convocation," the member for N_evrcastle.
under-Line says, I cannot now hold out to any of you any
prospect of immediate legislation ; none will proposed till
after the proceedings. of the next Assembly.
Ilenuiso TAADE.No one engaged in the herring trade
could have the
least idea this time last year that prices would
fall so ruinously low. The average price of the total catch
of herrings in 1841 was 18s. per barrel ; that of 1842, con-
sisting of 113,000 barrels in the Wick district alone, is 13a.,
fall, in one year, of ss. per barrel, and exactlY that sure
of loss to the curer, or rather more, as he could barely cure
a barrel of herrings under 18s. at the price paid for the cran
in season 1842. Now, let us see what may be looked for as
the result of another year's business. The markets in Ire-
land and many on the Continent are yet full of fish, which
can hardly be expected to be run off by the time new herrings
are sent in. The first price for the new will begin at little
more than where the old left off—say 15s. per barrel on the
shore of Wick, which, with an ordinary fishing, will quickly
recede to 11s. or 125., and allow as the average of the year
the latter price, viz., 125.—one shilling less than the average
of last year's take, which most curers think will not be main-
tained. The cran of fresh
fish, at the lowest rate that has
been talked of here, will cost 78. ; and it is yet questionable
if this price be not exceeded. The price of barr 1 galt
ooperage, and all other expenses, by those who e ' ---,
most economically, will cost 6s. 6d. ; thus making manage
as the price of a barrel of white herrings for th
13s. 6d.
showin, again, the prospect of a total lots e year 1843,
barrel on the year's take. A few years at-• of d• 6,1. per
the trade to a low ebb.—Jots O'Groat this rate will bring
roat Journal.

Jpeto

GRACE DARLING

atest pro-

The followinc has just been prin

duction of the new Poe

Among the dw

The natural h
And crowded
Inspired by o
Favour d

Whom, since

Laurea

1, and
street resound with

e, exalt

Known unto few, but

, Wordsworth

mbria's coast

ed as far as know

and low

A single act endears to
Through the whole land—to manhood, moved in spite
Of the world's freezing cares—to generous youth—
To infancy, that lisps her praise—and age
Whose eya reflects it, glistening through
Of tremulous admiration. Such true faint
Awaits her now; but, verily, good deeds
Do no imperishable record find

..aven, where hers may live

Save in the rolls of he_.
A theme for angels, when they celebrate
The high-souied virtues which forgetful
Has witnessed. Oh ! that winds and waves could speak
Of things which their united power called forth
From the pure depths of her humanity !
A maiden gentle, yet, at duty's call.
Firm and unflinching as the Lighthouse reared
On the island-rock, her lonely dwelling-place;
Or like the invincible Rock itself that braves,
Age after age, the hostile elements,
As when it guarded holy Cuthbert's cell.
All night the storm had raged, nor ceased, nor paused,
When, as day broke, the maid, through misty air,
Espies far off a wreck, amid the surf,
Beating on one of those disastrous isles—
Half a vessel, half—no more! the rest
Had vanished, swallowed up with all that there
Had for the common safety striven in vain,
Or thither thronged for refuge. With quick glance
Daughter and sire through optic-glass discern,
Clinging about the remnant of this ship,
Creatures—how precious in the maiden's sight !
For whom, belike, the old man grieves still more
Than for their fellow-sufferers engulfed
Where every parting agony is hushed,
And hope and fear mix not in further strife.
" But courage, father let us out to sea—
A few may yet be saved !" The daughter's words,
Her earnest tone, and look beaming with faith,
Dispel the father's doubts : nor do they lack
The noble-minded mother's helping hand
To launch the boat ; and with her blessing cheered,
And inwardly sustained by silent prayer,
Together they put forth, father and child !
Each grasps an oar, and struggling on they go—
Rivals in effort ; and, alike intent
Here to elude and there surmount, they watch
The billows lengthening, mutually crossed
And shattered, and regathering their might;
As if the wrath and trouble of the sea
Were by the Almighty's sufferance prolonged,
That woman's fortitude—so tried, so proved—
May brighten more and more !
True to the mark,
They steer the current of that perilous gorge,
Their arms still strengthening with the strengthening
heart
Though danger, as the wreck is near'd, becomes
More imminent. Not unseen do they app
roa
And rapture, with varieties of fear
Incessantly conflicting, thrills the frames
Of those who, in that dauntless energy,
Foretaste deliverance ; but the least perturbed
Can scarcely trust his eyes, when he perce
.That of the pair—tossed on the waves to bring
Hope to the hopeless, to the dying, life !
One is a woman, a poor earthly sister,—
Or, by the visitant other than she seems,
.A guardian spirit sent from pitying Heaven,
the tale,
In woman's shape. But wby prolong
Casting weak words amid a host of thoughed
ts
Armed to repel them ? Every hazard fac
resolve
And difficulty mastered, with
be left to perish,
That no one breathing should
This last remainder of the cre,V are all
Placed in the-little boat, then oer the deep
Are safely borne, landed upon the beach,
And, in fulfilment of God's mercy, lodged
Within the sheltering lighthouse—Shou, ye_ waves !
Pipe a glad song of triumph, ye fierce win.dst!
Ye screaming sea-mews, in the concert join
And would that some immortal voice, a voice
F throng pa
Fitly attuned to all that gratitude llid lips
Breathes out from floor or couch, h
Of the survivors, to the clouds might bear,
(Blended with praise of that parental love,
deueath whose watchful eye the maiden grew
Pious and pure, modest and yet so brave,
Though young so wise, though meek so resolute),
Might carry to the clouds and to
the stars;
wan Yea.
Via. to celestial choirs, GRACE DAILLING 9

•••••"`"'""'.....-----
RaDnuitaM HALL .—Under this head we have in former
,_ numbers, published two paragraphs stating that a person of
the name of Bird is seeking to dispossess Lord Brougham
of the B•fougham estate, " which, until it came into the pos-
Valoo of the present noble occupant, was called Bird's
Best." The paragraphs alluded to were sent to us and in-
_ as articles of news ; but, our attention having siuce
been called to the allegations, we have deemed it our duty
to refer for information to a gentlemen whoie antiquarian
pursuts, and knowledge, especially of the history of this
county, give credit and value to his statements ; and, from
this Fentteman, we learn the real facts of the case, which,
are, InnNeman,
brief, that tbe family of Lord Brougham (originally
Burgbam,
the co. which is Saxon), was settled at Burgbam before
oquest, and continued there till the present time, ore
the
during the lapse of from 1607 to 1724. That, in
1607, Thomas Brougham died, leaving two co-heiresses, win
some time afterwards, sold a portion of the estate to the
Countess of Pembroke : and a farm called the " The Hos-
pital," to one James Bird. an attorney, and steward to the
Countess. He, Bird, built a house upon that part of the
property which he purchased, and that is the house which is
called "Bird's Nest." Our informant has a manuscript of
Bishop Nicholson's which very clearly ►~
between
and the house
4. B"'whare Hall the seat of tbe-Bwwbacns*"
of
in the same gioroment And this sanso p.rogreiph, ie
Ca I " Mr. Bird's house." In 1676, bird exchanged part
of his estate with John Tufton, and that portion was settled
upon the " Widows of Appleby." In 1724, all that Bird
renell,_ Wall repurchased from his descendants by John
as Dr. Burn
sarimaata, of Seales Hall, commonly called,
,111., ss~s—•` Commissioner Brongharn,', and he entailed it upon
T'' 'our nephews, according to seniority, and whereby the
state came to the present owner, Lord Brougharn• Upon
information, it is cleat that the claim now set up by
mil' Bird has no legal or equitable foundation and that the
~ •le:rie claim of the Birds, however it roay have arisen, has
''"l'nated in soma mistake as to the nature of their ancestor's
I:lac—Kendal-Mercury.

G
ltiontaat, ELPIIINSTONS.--It is easy to he
on the Wig-
dOns or inn
-----Y of conduct after the catastrophe has taken place.
With regard therefore to our chiefs,
Envoy b I shall only say that the
~ ,_ as deeply paid for his attempt to out-
that
7_,__gnar. General Elphinstone, consciona that his p s
iirum!.__ had become 'enfeebled with those of his body, and
ing there no hope of Generale Notes arriv/!1 to assume the
command, called in another officr to his aid, who had but
alle object ha view (to get back, at all hazards, to Hindoscan.)
Ifs averred that a retreat to the Bala Hisser was impossible,
"We should have to fight our howaor one mile and a half.)
if we could not accomplish that, were we t Bala thr.ough
a waek's match to Jellalabad 7 Once in the Hisser,
which could have been easily defended by 1000 men, we should
have had. plenty of troops for foraging purposes' and the vil-
lage of Ben_i-shehr, just under the Bala Hisser, would have
ren us a twelvemo'nth's provisions if we had only made the
demonstration of a night march, to hare the appearance of
taking them by force. Sallies then
might also have been
made.,_ into the town, where there was always a party,.particu-
ierty the Kuzzilbasbes, who would have covertly assisted us,
until our
erenttuernfing
Independ fortunes permitted them to do so openly.
lie often refused to give an's ydeotpeirornioinntihonentaoskreetitufronr tiot rltt
gtneral. a cautious measure whereby he probably hoped to
escape the obloquy that he expected would attach to the
Council of War,
Shelton .composed of General Elphinstone,Brigadier
say. , Brigadier Anquetil, and Colonel Chambers. might
y. nominally composed ; numerically it was much more ex-
Shelton,
Captain Grant, with cold caution, obstructed every
and threw all possible difficulties in the way ;
Captain Bellew was full of doubts and suggestions, all tend-
lmeg to hamper and retard operations ; and numbers of young
ofetnh gave much gratuitous advice ; ill fact, the greater Wt
e night was spent in confusing the General's ideas, in-
stead of allowing a sick man time by rest to invigorate his
powers. Brigadier Shelton was in the habit of taking his
resat with him, and lying on the floor during these discussions,
when sleep, whether real or feigned, was a resource against
replying to disagreeable questions. Major Thain, a sincere
friend and s, good adviser of the general' withdrew in disgust
e council ; and Sturt, whos ever ready to do air,-
tho gin or give his opinion when asked from the same feeling
n
longer proffered it.—Lady Sale's Journal.

ter
SLAvitum IN LONDON.—In London and. Westmintlsieir
1,500 milliners and dressmakers carry on business
for
own emolument. It is calaculated, that besides jo_uem rneays__
women, there are 15,000 females employed under th
in-door and out-door apprentices. The usual curse of the
trade is for girls to commence, generally in the coontr at
14 years of age, as either in-door or out-door apprentices.
That apprenticeship lasts for two or three years. The in-
door apprentices pay a premium of £5O or £6O, and are
boarded and lodged by their employers. The out-door ahp-
prentices pay no Premium, and receive no salary. On te
termination of their apprenticeship, when they are between
16 and 17 years of age, they enter as "improvers" into the
large and fashionable houses in London, where they generally
remain one or two years, paying a premium, and receiving
is return board and lodging. The journeywomen are the
only class paid for their labour ; but their wages are in ge-
neral very small, varying from £l5 to £5O a year. In the
best regulated establishments, during the fashionable season,
which lasts four months, the regular hours of work each day
are 15, and in emergencies 18, out of the 24. In many es-
tablishments the hours are unlimited, the young women
never getting more than six, not often more than four,
sometimes only three. and occasionally not more than two,
hours for rest and sleep. Nothing is paid for thew extra
work, which in these establishments is often continued on
the sunday. One witness states, that she worked 15 times
the whole Sunday during the two years she was an improver.
Miss O'Neil, herself an employer of labour in Welbeck-
street, sta
pest that she has known the indentures produced
in entices, who have ventured to complain that
a"gtaielliabbarth shone no Sabbath day for them ;" and adds,
, when remonstrances have been made
respectingPsriuncchiPdaelecrations he Sunday, have sometimes
Put them down by declaring that the time of the apprentices
did not belong to tbem, but to their employers. Miss H.
Baker, also an employer, declares that, in one establishment,
where she formerly worked, she had
never more than four
hours' rest out of the 24 for three mouths cohn.sectively,
'On the occasion of the general mourning for is Majesty.
William IV., she worked without going to bed from four
o'clock on Thursday morning till half-past ten on Sunday
morning; and in order to keep awake she
.stiood nearly the
whole of Friday, Saturday, and Saturday nib; it,
nli,
.lows for half an hour for rest." Madame Victoire, a
liner, in Baker-street, says, " A young woman told me that
At night she had often laid down on the rug, because h
time for rest was so short it was not worth while going to
bed." Well, then, may Miss O'Neil declare that a r
thousands
estric-
tion of the hours of labour would be a blessing to
,f girls and young women, who are now utterly taxed beyond
with equal
their health and strength." Miss Baker adds,
tatice, that "it would be a great boon to a large number of
:,ersons, now totally unprovided for, if the hours of labour
are shortened, and night work prohibited." Another wit-
' as, who declares that nothing short of a legislative enact-
•,ent will reach the existing evil, feels, that as the young
en employed in linendrapers' and other shops have their
.art of labour regulated so as not to exceed twelve in the
I,y during the busiest time of the year, young women have
t till stronger claim to protection, on, account of their hel
i, p-
ie state, and the greater insalubrity of their occupation
aifor our own pirt we can see no reason why " young per-
s' employed in factories should be prohibited
work
from wor
s : more than 72 hours in the week, and " young persons?,
'gaged in dressmaking should be permitted to work 120
sari or more during the same period R tsniis-
,./isers. . tpor of C 0

only sitting

-parttaittateirp

HOUSE OP COMMONS-MONDAY

Sir J. GRAHAM gave notice that on Monday next he
would state the alterations he intended to propose in the
educational clauses of the Factories Bill.

In reply to questions from Lord J. RUSSELL, respecting
the bill which it was proposed to bring in, respecting the
importation of Canadian corn, and also respecting the duties
imposed by the legislature of Jamaica upon the produce of
the country and of Ireland.

Lord STANLEY said he was ready to lay upon the table the

information which he had received from the Governor-
General of Canada respecting the Corn Bill passed by the
legislature of that colony, and he hoped in a few days to be
able to give notice of the precise day on which he would in-
troduce a bill upon the subject. With respect to Jamaica,
he agreed with the noble lord, that it was most objectionable
in principle that the colony of Jamaica should impose taxes
on the produce of this country. It was only that morning,
however, that he had received a communication from the
Board of Trade upon the subject, and he would only then
say, that he would shortly give every information on the

subject.
On the motion of the house resolving itself into a com-
mittee of supply,
Mr. B. COCHRANE said he should not, for reasons unne-
cessary for him to mention, oppose the vote for the College
of Maynooth.
Mr. WILLIAMS entered into a long statement, in the
course of which he endeavoured to show that our colonies
were an enormous expense to the country—particularly our
possessions in the West Indies.
Mr. BERNAL said that his hon. friend was altogether mis-
taken if he supposed those colonies were so very expensive
to this country. They in fact mainly contributed to their
own expenditure, as was evidenced by the fact that for his
property in Jamaica, like all other proprietors of property
n that colony, he had of late years received nothing. In
fact, recently the internal taxation which he paid on his
property was five times greater than the returns he received

from it.
Lord STANLEY said that the Government were quite

agreed in principle with the hon. member, that those colo-
nies should, as far as possible, be made to support their own
expenditure ; but it was a principle which should be gradually
applied, and very many of the colonies already contributed
largely to that object.
Sir H. DOUGLAS called the attention of the government
to the insufficiency of funds in the colonies for the purpose
of spreading the Gospel. The Church missionary Society
not only had not funds to send out additional missionaries,
but they were unable to keep faith with those who had been
already sent out.
In reply to a question from the Lord Mayor respecting
the powers of the Government as regarded emigration,
Lord STANLEY said he felt great uneasiness at the hard-
ship to which some emigrants had recently been exposed ;
but anticipating a question upon the subject, he was prepared
to show that no blame whatever could be attributed to the

Government. In fact, in the very case referred to, the in-
terference of the Government had been carried to the very
extent of its powers. In October last they bad received in-
formation that the ship Barbadoes was loading, and was about
to take emigrants to Prince Edward's Island. Having rea-
sonsuppose that a case of probable deception was going
o nto
,
the Government emigration agent was instructed to in-
quire into the matter, and to give every assistance to the
emigrants. It turned out that the vessel was well found—
that she had an abundant supply of provisions, and that, in
fact, the provisions of the Passengers Act had been fully

complied with. It was represented by the British American
Colonisation Association that they had purchased 72,000
acres of land in Prince Edward's Island, and as this land
was alleged to have been purchased from private individuals
and not from the Government, there was no immediate means
of ascertaining the fact. The emigration commissioners went
even beyond their powers in this case. They remonstrated
with the company—represented to them the period of the
year, which rendered the attempt extremely hazardous; but
they were met by assurances that every possible precaution
had been taken. The Government, however, sent informa-
tion to the governor of the island, with instructions that, if
the vessel should arrive, he was to afford every protection to
the emigrants, and to compel the company to perform to-
wards them the obligations it had undertaken. The ship
sailed on the Ist of November, and on the 13th of December
was driven back to the Cove of Cork. The emigration agent
in the port, on inquiry, ascertained that it was the intention
of the company to support the emigrants on board until the
ship should be again ready for sea, and that she should be
once more provisioned for the voyage. It was held out in
February that the vessel would sail int. March, and yet at that
very time the company was insolvent, and the mortgagee was
in possession of the vessel. Here was a distinct fraud. Ap-
plieation was made to the Treasury for its interference, and
the Crown solicitor was employed, but when the dissolution
of the company took place it was found impracticable to pro-
cure a legal remedy. As, however, this company had been
sanctioned by gentlemen of high station, whose names must
have had considerable influence in enabling the company to
inflict this hardship and oppression upon the unhappy suffer-
ers, though not legally obliged, still he trusted they would
feel the moral obligation to remedy the great evil which their
high names and character had been a chief means of occa-
sioning to those unfortunate emigrants.
After a few observations, the house went into committee

of supply.
The votes were of a miscellaneous character, and led to a
desultory conversation.
The votes having been gone through the house adjourned.

HOUSE OF COMMONS.-TUESDAY

Sir J. GRAHAM said it was his intention, during the pre-
sent session, to introduce a bill for the better regulation of
the medical profession.
.... . . ..

Sir R. PEEL, according to his promise on Monday night,
entered into an explanation of the negociations respecting a
commercial treaty between Portugal and this country. We
had proposed to Portugal that the duties imposed upon the
importation of the wines, &c., of that country into Great
Britain should be reduced, provided the Portuguese govern-
ment consented to a reduction of the duties on our woollens,
cottons, hardware, &c., into Portugal. The negotiations,
however, had proved unsuccessful, a public announcement
to that effect having been made by the government of Por-
tugal. The Brazilian government, with whom negotiations
had been also in progress with a similar view, had recog-
nised the construction placed upon the existing treaty by the
British government, and that treaty will therefore continue
in force until the year 1844. The propositions, however,
made by this country for a re-adjustment of the commercial
relations between the two countries had been replied to by
a demand that the sugar, tobacco, &c., of the Brazils should
be allowed to be imported into Great Britain upon the same
terms as we admitted onr own colonial produce. Mr. Ellis,
the gentleman who was sent to the Brazils by the British
government, intimated his inability to agree to such a pro-
posal, upon which the Brazilian government proposed that
we should in no case impose a duty of more than 10 per
cent. upon Brazilian produce than that which we imposed
upon colonial produce. This Mr. Ellis could not concede,
and the negotiations had been in consequence suspended.
Mr. RICARDO then moved that an humble address be pre-
sented to her Majesty, respectfully expressing the opinion of
the house, that it was not expedient that any contemplated
remission of import duties be postponed, with the view of
making such remission the basis of commercial negotiations
with foreign countries. The hon. gentleman contended that
it was an erroneous policy to higgle about commercial treaties,
instead of throwing open our ports at once to the productions
of all other countries. We should buy in the cheapest markets
we could, and sell in the dearest ; for, according to all political
economists since the days of Adam Smith, it was most ab-
surd to manufacture at home that which could be purchased
much cheaper from abroad.
Mr. GLADSTONE was by no means prepared to agree to a
motion of so sweeping a nature as that proposed. He could
not consent to the application of the principles of political
economy, without any reference to circumstances, involving
the rights of capital as well as of domestic labour. Retalia-
tion was not always useless in commercial matters ; and even
if he were to admit the principle that our imports and exports
would take care of each other, he still would not overlook
the proceedings of other countries in judging as to what ought
to be the course adopted by this country. The amount of
produce affected by the new tariff was not less than twenty
millions per annum ; and at the present moment our com-
mercial regulations were the least restrictive of those of any
nation in the universe. Our existing commercial regulations
would be destroyed by such a proposition as that of the hon.
gentleman's. Even the unsuccessful negotiations set on foot
by this country with France and Portugal had, notwithstand-
ing their failure, given a severe blow to the restrictive system
in those countries. He had also to observe that the revenue
was not to be blindly sacrificed to an abstract proposition
which practically might be productive of much evil if suddenly
carried into execution.
Lord HOWICK thought the adoption of the motion would
not prevent the government from taking every precaution to
protect the interests of the country. Instead of being an
abstract proposition it was eminently a practical one. He
was aware that many advocates of free trade were favourable
to the principle of reciprocity, but it was a principle from
which he dissented, thinking that in our commercial legisla-
tion we should pay no attention to what was done by otber
countries, but look entirely to the least burdensome mode of
raising a revenue for ourselves. The right hon. baronet at
the head of the government had that very evening been com-
pelled to announce the total failure of two of his pet projects ;
and the truth was that this principle of reciprocity was a
remnant of the absurd old doctrine of the balance of trade,
which was now altogether exploded. He was of opinion that
if this country adopted the manly policy recommended in the
motion before the house, our character would be at once
raised throughout Europe, and all hostile tariffs must give

way•
Lord SANDON contended that it by no means followed that
if we gave up all our restrictive duties that foreign countries
would follow our example. On the contrary, our reduced
tariff of last year had been met on the part of foreign coun-
tries by no less than six hostile tariffs. He could not con-
sent at once to throw out of our hands, by such a motion as
the Present' all the power we possessed of inducing other
countries to adopt the principle of reciprocity towards ns.
Lord J. RUSSELL said that the six hostile tariffs might be
owing to the fact that we had not selected the best articles
upon which to reduce the duties. The question before the
house was in effect this,—whether it was not better now to
make reductions in the duty on certain articles which were
left untouched by the tariff last year. When it was proposed
to reduce the duties on the importation of foreign sugars, the
slave trade was dwelt upon as the grand difficulty in the way,
and yet in the late negotiations with Brazil not one word had
been heard upon the subject. It was time to reconsider our
commercial policy, and though he admitted that disadvan-
tages resulted sometimes front the adoption of abstract reso-
lutions, yet in the present instance the motion before the
house only pledged them to consider the most advantageous
reduction of duties, without any reference to the course pur-
sued by other countries. He was inclined to think that the
political consequences of adopting such a system of action
would prove to be extremely advantageous to this country.
Mr. D'lsnaEtt said, that as far as we had relaxed our
system of commercial restriction, other countries had pursued
precisely the opposite course, and he had no doubt but the
adoption of the motion would lead to a total abstraction of
the precious metals from this country. He opposed the mo-
tion as founded upon principles which he believed to be fal-
lacious, and which be believed would be found disastrous in

their application.
Sir H. DOUGLAS contended that we had no encouragemen
to reduce our tariffs, because we bad been met by hostile to

riffs in other countries.
Sir R. PEEL said he (lid not think it right to discuss this
motion in the details to which it would lead, for in that case
he knew the room he would give for misconstruction as to the
intentions of the Government, which intentions would be
communicated to the house on Monday week. He objected
to such an abstract resolution as that of Mr. Ricardo, as cal-
culated to create great embarrassment, and he was much sur-
prised at finding that Lord John Russell was prepared to
support it. The present Government had resumed the nego-
ciations with France, with a view to a commercial treaty, and
were they to stop short because they had nothing to offer to
France in return for the reduction of the duties which they
required from the French Government ? There was a con-
templated reduction of the duties on port wine, with a view
to get our cottons, woollens, hardware, &c., admitted into
Portugal on reduced duties also; and were we now to perse-
vere in reducing our duties,•although Portugal refused to meet
us by the reduction of the duties imposed upon our exports
to that country? He hoped the house would negative the
motion, for he thought the interests of the country were ma-
terially involved in endeavouring to get our manufactures ad-
mitted into other countries, by holding out to them the ad-
vantages
of allowing their produce to come at reduced duties
into this country.