The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1844-12-31 00:00:00

ItuEEIGN AND COLONIAL.

ARRIVAL OF THE CALEDONIA

The transatlantic mail steamer, Caledonia, Captain
Lott, arrived in the Mersey on Sunday afternoon, about
four o'clock. She left Boston on the 16th and Halifax
on the 18th instant, at noon. She had fine westerly
winds during the whole passage till she arrived off Cape
Clear, when she first met with currents of air from S.S.E.
At eleven o'clock on the night of the 13th, when one
hundred and fifty miles from Halifax., she passed the
steam-ship Acadia. As she neared this port she passed
the ships independence and Sontherner, both putting
back, leaky. The Southerner sailed hence, on the Ist
instant, and the Independence put to sea on Monday last.
The last-named vessel was said to be leaky when in dock,
but, some of the cargo having been removed, the leak
stopped, and she was reported to be-all tight and sound.
The Caledonia has brought thirty-two passengers, a list of
whom we subjoin.
From Boston :—Mr. Ernst. Eevers, Mr. Abraham
French, Mr. H. N. Patton, Mr. G. P. Ogden. Mr. Tho-
mas Penry, Mr. Samuel Vines, Mr. R. W. Harris, Mr.
M'Caw, Mr. C. Ramsay, Mr. Robert Adams, Mr. Ed-
ward M'Kay, Mr. G. B. Symes, Mr. James Law, Mr.
W. I. Jones, Mr. John E. Ward, Mr. B. L. Benson,
Mr. Jesse Joseph, Mr. C. Turner, Mr. S. Lewis, Mr.
G. Turner, Mr. IL E. Hoesch, and Captain Taylor and
servant.

From Halifax :—Mr. W. Bidston, Major Franklyn,
Mr. Wiggan, Mr. Warren, Mr. P. M'Cullogb, Mr. Wal-
ters. and Mrs. Todd and infant.

The rate of Exchange on London was 100 to 100.1.
The demand for the packet was moderate.
The official correspondence, embracing all the diplo-
matic negociations between the United States government
and Texas, which accompanied the President's Message
(an abstract of which appears elsewhere), appears to have
excited a great ferment in the public mind throughout
the States. The more ardent talk of an immediate war
with Mexico, while the more prudent not only deprecate
an appeal to arms, but find fault with Mr. Shannon, the
United States plenipotentiary, for the tone which he has
assumed towards Mexico.

The diplomacy of Mr. Tyler and his ministers, in rela-
tion to Texas, was viewed With much alarm by the mode-
rate men of both parties. The manner in which this
diplomacy has been conducted is censured in the strongest
terms by the leading democrats of the north and west, as
well as by the Whigs. Though some commend Mr. Cal-
houn for his boldness in the conduct of negociations with
Mexico. others, as we have said, think he and his
agent, Mr. Shannon, have acted very recklessly, and it
was said that he could not possibly retain his position in
the administration of Mr. Polk.

The proceedings in Congress were, meanwhile, watched
with intense interest. In the Senate, on the Bth instant,
Mr. M•Duflie gave notice of a resolution for providing
for the annexation of Texas. On the 9th he introduced
into the Senate a series of resolutions, declaring that the
rejected treaty of annexation was an existing compact
duly made by those having competent authority to do So;
and he proceeded to effect the annexation by joint reso-
lutions, giving the form of law to this compact. After the
resolutions were read and referred to the Committee on
Foreign Relations, Mr. Benton gave notice that he should,
on the following day, introduce his bill of last session,
which provides for obtaining Texas, with the assent of
Mexico. On the following day the bill was brought for.
ward, and referred to the Committee on Foreign Relations,
and, on the 11th, Mr. Ingersoll introduced into the
House of Representatives a project similar to that brought
before the Senate by Mr. M' Duffle. The resolutions
were referred to a committee of the whole house, to sit on
the 23d instant.

The Canadian Parliament opened on the 28th ult. The
election of M`Nab as Speaker was carried by a nejority
of 39 against 36.
On th 29tii ult.. between the hours of twelve and one,
the shock of an earthquake was felt over the whole of the
city of Montreal. It was severe enough to cause the
houses to shake, and pieces of furniture to rattle, and
was attended with a loud, rolling noise, as of the rapid
passage of heavy artillery in the streets. It occasioned
no accidents, although the area of its passage seems to
have been large.
The news of the election of Polk bad been received
with great joy in Texas. The subsequent intelligence of
the effect produced on the public mind by the negociations
between the United States and Mexico had created great
excitement. It was hoped and believed that the affairs
between the two countries had reached a crisis. Anson
Jones, Secretary of State, and President-elect of Texas,
had published a pi o.:larnation, from which it appears, says
the Herald, " that the Government of Texas declare,
that, unless the annexation project succeeds, or the inde-
pendence of Texas be acknowledged by Mexico through
the mediation of some third power, Texas will at once
open the war upon Mexico, and not stop short of the
conquest of the whole of New Mexico to the Pacific
Ocean."

In our foreign intelligence will be found an account of
the seizure of the Argentine fleet by the captaing of the
United States frigate Congress. The account is con-
firmed by details extracted from the British Pocket,
published at Buenos Ayres, Oct. 12. It is added, that
Captain Fitton, the commander of one of the Argentine
corvettes, refued to strike his when commanded by the
American officer, upon which a shut was fired over Lim,
when he complied. Captain Fitton made a written pro-
test against the whole proceeding. The vessels soon
afterwards resumed their colours, and the blockade was
re-established.

MOBILE COTTON MARICET, DEC. 4.—Since the arrival
of the foreign accounts, this market has been farther de-
pressed by the character of some of the orders in the
bands of the brokers requiring a further reduction in price,
as also by the present high rates of freight. Cotton is
arriving very freely, anu is put upon the market almost as
soon as lande '. Holders may be sa'd to be free sellers at
the rates we quote below : but while some of our figures
are a shade lower than at the date of our last weekly re-
port, the market closes firmly, and sales yesterday were
brisk at these prices. The bulk of the operations have
been on French account, while some have been for do-
rne,.tic markets. The sales of the week are estimated at
8,000 bales, namely, 1,200 on Wednesday, 1,000 on Thurs-
day, 300 on Friday, 500 on Saturday, 2,000 on Monday,
and yesterday 2,500 bales.
NEW ORLEANS, DEC. 4.—Sunday's mail brought ac-
counts from England to the sth ult. The demand on
Monday was not very active, and the busincs did not ex-
ceed 3,500 hales, at rather uneven prices, but, generally,
at a decline of cent on last week. Yesterday holders
were inclined to meet the views of purchasers, and, in
consequence, a large business was transacted, amounting
to 7,800 bales; making the total sales of the past three
days 43,100 bales, of which the greater portion was done
for the English market.
NEW YORK, DEC. 14.—With the exception of Tues-
day, when about 3,500 bales were sold, the market has
been quiet through the week ; prices, however, remain
about the same, although buyers have had some advan-
tage. The sales reach 7,200 bales, of which 4,800 were
Upland, ordinary to middling 4i to sg. middling fair to
fair 5i to 6, fully fair to good fair 6k to 6i; 3,100 Mobile
and New Orleans, ordinary to middling, 44 to 5i ; very
little of these kinds on the market; middling fair to fair,
6to 6 ; fully fair to good fair, 64 to 711. The stock in
this market is light. The receipts at the different ship-
ping ports, since the Ist of September, amount to 485,000
bales, against 399,000 bales last year and 530,000 bales the
year before; the exports have been 278,500 bales against
140,000 bales last year and 221,000 the year before, leav-
ing a stock of 259,000 bales against 260,000 bales last year
and 255,000 bales the year before.