The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-11-03 00:00:00

IRELAND.

THE PEASANTRY ARMED.—The peasantry of Tip-
perary are armed to the teeth ; every man has his gun,
blunderbuss, or pistol. It is fearful to contemplate what
may be the result, but such is the fact. The people do
not disguise their possession of the arms ; they walk about
with them in the noon obly, and it is a common expression
amongst the lower classes to say " here are the fowlers,"
when they see those desperadoes traversing the country.
The government, as we said in our last number, must
step forward—they must disarm the revolutionists of Ire-
land before it is too late. Ireland requires, nay, demands,
a stringent arms act. If strong measures are not taken
forthwith, this country will present a scene of bloodshed
and rapine unparalelled in the annals of crime. We use
strong language, but the times require it.—Tipperary
Constitution. . .

PRECEPT AND PRACTICE.—" Like people, like priest,
and I will punish them for their ways and reward them
their doings !" Solemn and awful words, spoken of a
corrupt race and a corrupt priesthood nearly three thou-
sand years ago ! but alas most applicable at the present
day. It is sad indeed to look on things around us, but it
is more sad to witness a judgment unimproved. That it
is so, in some instances, may be gathered from the follow-
ing circumstance :—On Sunday, the 18th instant, in a
large borough town in this county, the Roman priest ad-
dressed to his flock this precept:—" It would be sinful of
you to see your families perish with hunger while the
fields are full of cattle." The hint was not lost by those
who in solemn mockery are styled " the most moral, (f)
and religious I people on the face of the earth, as may be
seen by the practice :—On Tuesday, a large mob marched
to a gentleman's ground near the town referred to, and
drove cif a flock of sheep, which, after some difficulty,
the people recovered. On Monday, they were about to
slaughter two cows, and would have done so bad not the
owner made some sacrifice to them. Here we have " Pre-
cept and Practice"—the precept worthy of the priest, the
practice of the people."—Cork Constitution.
EXTRAORDINARY BIGAMY CASE.—At the Dublin
Commission Court, on Friday, Mary Downes, alias
Fitzgerald, alias. Browne, a respectable looking young
woman, about thirty years of age, was placed at the bar,
and indicted for having intermarried with Henry Augustus
Browne, in the month of June, 1842, her former husband,
William Fitzgerald, being alive. Considerable interest
was attached to the proceedings in this case, from the fact
that Mr. Browne, who is a barrister, and the prisoner's
second husband, was himself tried and convicted of bigamy
a few months since, and sentenced to seven years' trans-
portation, for marrying Miss Copeland, daughter of Mr.
Charles Copeland, the manager of the Royal Bank in Dub-
lin, having previously married the prisoner. The court
was crowded to excess at an early hour, and particularly
by members of the bar. Mr. Browne was in court,seated
beside his counsel, having been brought up on a habeas
corpus. The prisoner pleaded guilty, but put in an affi-
davit mitigatory of punishment, to the effect that she and
Mr. Fitzgerald, were Roman Catholics, and had been
married by a clergyman of the Church of England, who
she believed was degraded, and that consequently she
thought at the time of her second marriage that her first
union was not valid. She was sentenced to two months'
imprisonment, and it is thought that the effect of the con-
viction will be the acquittal of Mr. Browne.
THE REPEAL ASSOCIATION.—The attendance in the
hail on Monday was wretchedly small, and the proceed-
ings altogether destitute of interest. The Mayor of Kil-
kenny occupied the chair. The Head Pacificator, Mr.
John Reynolds, Capt. Broderick, and Mr. John O'Con-
nell, were the only occupants of the bench appropriated
to the speakers. Two letters were read from the " Libe-
rator," one commenting on resolutions recently adopted
by the Cork Repeaters, advising a reconciliation between
Old and Young Ireland—and the usual weekly epistle on
the subject of the distress. Mr. John O'Connell repeat •
ed his speech of the previous week, and denounced the
" criminal negligence" of the government in not admi-
nistering relief more prornptly,—when a large document
was handed to the chairman, who rose and said—Gentle-
men, this paper has been handed to me, but I presume it
should come through the secretary. The worthy mayor
then handed the document to Mr. Ray.—Mr. O'Connell
immediately got up, and having taken the document from
the secretary, pitched it over the rail, and desired
one of the clerks of the hall to throw it out, amidst loud
cheers.—Mr. Steele : Throw it into the street. That is
the proper way to treat it. (Bear, and cheers.)—lt was
said that the document was the remonstrance got up by
the Nation newspaper against the proceedings of the as-
sociat on. In a few moments after it was expelled, when
Captain Broderick was addressing the meeting, a noise
was heard at a side door. Immediately on hearing it,
Mr. Steele rose and said—Mr. Chairman, I have given
directions to the police to put out any intruder. (Hear.)
—Mr. O'Connell : If that is the individual who brought
in that paper, put him out ; he is not a member. (Cheers.)
—The rent for the week amounted to £ll5 9s. 4d., 111-
i eluding £52 from Liverpool.

ENGLAND AND IRELAND

The collection of the repeal rent is entirely abandoned
in Cork and Limerick.
The sheriff of the city of Kilkenny is in custody on a
charge of having forged several powers of attorney.
The Protestant colonists at Dingle have suffered an-
other calamity at Dingle in the total loss of their mission-
ary boat, which was dashed to pieces against one of the
cliffs during the late storm.
SALE OF FIRE-ARMS IN CAVAN.—lmmense quanti-
ties of new fire-arms, of Birmingham manufacture, have
been selling by public auction in the different towns
throughout this county.
GOVERNMENT PATRONAGE.—Mr. M. O'Connell,
one of the younger sons of the " Liberator," received on
Saturday last the official announcement of his appoint-
ment to the lucrative office of Registrar of Deeds, in suc-
cession to Mr. G. 0. Moore, who retires on his full pen-
sion. The salary is about £l5OO a-year. The ex-repeal
member for the county of Meath has for several years
filled the situation of chief clerk in the office to the head
of which he bas just been promoted.

Dr. Short's promotion to the see of St. Asap') appeared
in Tuesday's Gazette. A Cambridge paper, which pro-
fesses to be well-informed, states that it is intended that
Dr. Short shall bold St. Asaph and Sodor and Man at
least until Bangor also has become vacant. If this be the
arrangement, it seems to indicate the immediate erection
of the see of Manchester.
INTRIGUES AT LITTLEMORE, NEAR OXFORD.—The
Oxford Herald of Saturday last states, in confirmation
of the rumour we noticed a fortnight since, that the lease
of the monastery at Littlemore, which it describes as but
an humble description of lodging, has been transferred by
the Rev. J. H. Newman, "to a friend to provide
for his own personal convenience." Our own more pre-
cise information, which we derive from authority, and in
which we place the fullest confidence, is, that the mona-
stery is actually in the hands of the chiefs of the
Romanising party, to make what use of it may be found
convenient hereafter. We should be but too happy to he
able to place full confidence in our contemporary's implied
assurance, that the Church Commissioners had either de-
clined or been unable to effect the contemplated separation
of the chapel of Littlemore from the Mother Church of
St. Mary the Virgin ; but our information leaves no doubt
of an offer having been made by parties in connection with
the Anylo-Catholic Library to endow the chapel on
condition of having the first presentation; and our con-
temporary may rely on it that such a consummation will,
if at all, be prevented ohly by the watchfulness of those
friends of the Protestant Church whom it charges with
" seeing Romanism in everything." Homanism is just
now in everything, and we will not imitate the Oxford
Herald by shutting our eyes to the fact.—Church and
State Gazette.
THE WORD " PROTESTANT."—It has been attempted
within the last ten years or so to bring the word Protest-
ant, as applied to the Church of England, into disrepute,
and some individuals have declared their determination to
un-Protestantise her. They found their objections osten-
sibly on the well-known fact, that the word Protestant
does not occur in the Liturgy, nor in any of the authorised
formularies of our Church. But in the Litany of our first
reformed Liturgy there was a petition to be delivered from
the tyranny of the Pope, and from all his detestable enor-
mities, which, in fact, amounts to a protest. The first
German Reformers were called Protestants from the cir-
cumstance of their having protested, at a second Diet at
Spires, in the year 1529, against the revocation of a de-
cree of a former Diet at the same place, in the year 1526.
In consequence of the dangers with which the German
empire was threatened by the Turks and other enemies,
the Diet of 1526 resolved, that all the German principali-
ties should allow ecclesiastical affairs to remain as they
then were, until a general Council should decide on the
subjects in dispute betwixt the Church of Rome and the
Reformers. The immediate danger having ceased, the
Emperor Charles V. convened., another Diet, or Parlia-
ment, at Spires, three years afterwards, in which he
revoked the toleration which had been granted to the Re-
formers and laid them open to the tender mercies of the
mother and MISTRESS of all Churches. The minority at
this diet, consisting of six princes and the representatives
of fourteen imperial cities, solemnly PROTESTED against
this, their practical carrying out of the doctrine of keep-
ing no faith with heretics. All the faithful Christians
everywhere who obeyed the Divine call to come out of
the corrupt and -idolatrous Church of Rome, have been
called Protestants ever since. Protestant became after
that a generic name for all churches and sects that with-
drew from communion with Rome,and also for all the sects
that have separated from the Protestant, or Reformed
Catholic Church of England. In the Popish catechisms,
the words Protestant and heretic are synonymous. The
Reformers did not protest against the religion or the faith
of Rome, but only against the corruptions and the idola-
tries which Rome bad engrafted on the Christian faith ;
in the fundamental articles of which, as they are con-
tained in the Apostles' Creed, the Churches of England
and of Rome are agreed. The Protestantism of the Church
of England sternly rejects the idolatry and apostacy of the
Church of Rome, which consists in image-worship, the
worship of the Blessed Virgin and other saints, in the ex-
altation of her into a tned'atrix betwixt God and man,
instead of the Man Christ Jesus, who is the only mediator
of the New Covenant, and in several other heretical tenets.
Our Church, therefore, considered it absolutely necessary
to come out from among them—to separate and not to
touch the unclean thing, Popery.—The Church Warder
and Domestic Economy.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

Charles Phillips, Esq., Insolvent Commissioner, will,
at the spring circuit, attend at Carlisle, Monday, March
1 ; at Appleby, Tuesday, March 2 ; at Kendal, Friday,
March 5 ; at Lancaster, Monday, March 8 ; at Liver-
pool, Tuesday, March 16 ; at the Castle of Chester,
Thursday, April 1.
COURT OF PASSAGE.—At the Court of Passage last
week, the following was the only case of public interest.—
Anthony v. Hind and another.—The plaintiff was a por-
ter, and sought to recover damages which he had;sustained
by a pile of flax, belonging to the defendants, falling upon
him and breaking his leg. As the plaintiff was mending
cotton-bags in a warehouse in Formby-street, the pile of
flax, which had been insecurely stowed, fell, and injured
him in the way stated. A verdict was given for the plain-
tiff, damages £65.
SALARIES OF TUE JUDGES.—There are twenty-two
judges of the superior courts in England, whose salaries
amount to £123,577 a-year. The five judges of the Court
of Chancery are paid £33,000. The Lord Chancellor has
£lO,OOO, Master of the Rolls £7OOO, Vice-Chancellor of
England £6OOO, and the two Vice-Chancellors, Knight
Bruce and \Vigram, £5OOO. The s'x judges of the Court
of Queen's Bench are paid £32,000. The Lord Chief
Justice has £BOOO, and the Puisue Judges £5OOO each.
The six judges of the Court of Common Pleas have
similar sums, as also the six judges of the Court of
Exchequer, with the exception of the Chief Baron, who
has a salary of £7OOO. The judge of the Court of Admi-
ralty has £4OOO, and the average emoluments of the judge
of the Prerogative Court amount to £3577 ; making the,
number twenty-two, and the united salaries £123,577.

1. They shall meet once a month, at least, being sum-
moned by circular from the secretaries, at some fixed
place of business to be selected by themselves.
2. It shall be their first duty to carry out the plans of
the Council. _ _

3. They shall take measures for V. e collection and di-
gest of statistical and other information relative to State
Churches, and shall procure, by public competition or
otherwise, the writing of such tracts, or larger treatises,
on the question of national religious establishments, as
they may deem requisite to further the objects of the So-
ciety._ . _ .

4. They shall regulate the movements of the public lec-
turers engaged in the name of this Society.
5. They shall carry into execution, as opportunities
present themselves, the several modes of action prescribed
by the Council ; shall act as a central committee of advice
whenever occasion may require ; and shall have power to
call together the Council whenever, in their judgment, it
may appear desirable.
6. They shall hold themselves responsible to the Coun-
cil, by whose decisions they shall be bound.
Next come the " Modes of action contemplated by the
Society," which are embodied under eight heads :-
1. The collection and digest, from authentic and public
documents, of all such information as may throw light
upon the nature and tendency of State Churches.
2. The securing original es says on the question of State
Churches, for popular use, and fitted to supply to the
public, and especially to Dissenters, needful and useful
information on the subject.
3. The employment of lecturers, gratuitous or other-
wise, under the sanction and direction of the Executive
Committee; to explain and enforce the fundamental prin-

THE CLAIMS OF THE POOR.

ciple of this Society ; to expose the evils which have re-
sulted, and are inseparable, from any form of alliance
between Church and State; and to rouse the
especially Nonconformists, to an earnest conside
their duty in this matter.

tic, and
ation of

4. The promotionof the return to Parl;ame2zt,t
practicable, of men of known integrity and .ability,
versant with the principles of this Society, and disposed
to avail themselves of all suitable occasions for existing
discussion thereupon, and ready to promote its object;
and the furnisbir, of such members, when returned, with
all the wdecial information the Society can command.
5. The support of such members, whenever the Council
shall deem it advisable to agitate the question of Slate
Churches in the Legislature, by means of petitions to the
Houses of Parliament, and memorials to the Throne, and
in other appropriate and constitutional ways.
6. The removal of the question of . national religious
establishments as much as possible. from under the influ-
ence of party feeling ; the placing it upon the ground of
what is due to pure and undefiled religion, and to the best
interests, temporal and spiritual, of the people ; and the
enlistment of the sincerely religious of all classes of the
community by energetic appeals to conscience.
7. The adoption of preparatory measures for obtaining
the repeal of all the existing laws directly or indirectly
involving the union of the Church with the State; and
the enactment of laws to carry out, to their legitimate
extent, the principles of religious liberty.
8. The 'employment of whatsoever lawful and peaceful
means may be adapted to promote the one great object of
"The British Anti-State-Church Association."
We especially invite the attention of our readers, and of
the electoral bodies throughout the kingdom, to the
fourth and fifth of the above " modes of action." On
several occasions we have warned the latter, that no con-
fidence must be reposed in Dissenters at the hustings,
arid we placed before them proofs of the fact. Supporters
of Maynooth Grants and Popish Colleges will be supported
in return ; if they will only bind themselves not to sup-
port the Established Church. Churchmen therefore,
roust fight their own battle, and fight it manfully, or the
unholy alliance of schismatics of all kinds will overpower
them. They must never forget, too, that these schisma-
tics, however much they may hate each other, have one
common bond of love and union in their more intense and
comPivhePoiTe 404 Qf the church.—John Bull.

Portuguese Four per Cent. Bonds were last done at
391 ; Spanish Five per Cents. at 2hl; and the Three per
Cents. at 37k. The transactions were limited, but the
quotations will show that the decline of prices was
arrested. Mexican Bonds were done at 22 and 214 for
money and account, and the Unconverted Bonds also at
22. The business was trifling, and there is evidently no
disposition to extend the operations until further accounts
are received from Mexico. Dutch Four per Cent.
Certificates were done at 92.

MANCHESTER AND LEEDS —A special general meet-
ing of the proprietors was held at the Palatine Hotel,
Manchester, on Tuesday, for the purpose of entering
10,040 new shares, at £5O each. in this company, to be
exchanged for the existing- shares, of the same number
and amount, in the Huddersfield and Sheffield Junction
Company. Mr. George Hadfield objected to the Leeds
company taking £200,000 of stock from the Liverpool
and Bury Company, and granting them no interest upon
that sum, while they were allowing the Huddersfield corn- (From the "London and Paris Ladies' Magazine of Fashion
hpany interest. The chairman reminded Mr. Hadfield that
that would be a subject for discussion at the meeting of Black continues to be the favourite colour for walking
the company in November. The resolution was unani- dresses in velvet, silks, or woollen materials. Dumas
mously agreed to. will be fashionable for soirees as well as the promenade.
fuel;
LIVERPOOL, CROSBY, AND SOUTHPORT RAILWAY.—
This line is fast rising in public estimation, and we are rr
oepysalb,rroeci?hse'sb
glad to find that it is meeting with that support which must the principal materials for winter toile't&tecs:
the trimmings on
,I Plaids and
etasan d
dst,riiipaelsie, particularly
B,c .
amongeau
make the application to Parliament in its favour success- triple skirts are not so much used, but
tulle, or ribbon.
ful. Since the prospectus first appeared, the list of direc- robes de soirees are very deep in gauze, , lea_
rather than
tors has received the additional names of a number of rendering the skirt bouffante, increasing'
her materials are made
gentlemen of wealth and standing, and whose interests are sening the width. Many of the r
richer
raised in front; and the
connected intimately with the line. An arrangement is with trains. for full dress a little
The caracos,
orsages with points both before and behind.
also proposed for securing to the promoters of this line the c
interest and goodwill of the old " West Lancashire Corn-and waistcoat
bisques,
.. corsages—all that has been
tnme of bygone days—are now
rank
aod
at-
pany," which, as our readers are probably aware, failed in tempted to recal the ,
the application to Parliament for a bill last year. The line
is very likely to prove of very great advantage to this port, fined at the waist
. and widening on the hips. Embroidery
to give place to the Diana style,s a kind of tight body con-
as well as to the whole of the district through which it in soutache is superseded by the new gimps of every
passes, as was abundantly proved before the parliamentary width mixed with b. ads and chenille; the zephyrine is
committee last session. executed in silver, gold, silk, or worsted, and is equally
applicable for dresses, coiffures, bonnets, cap!, cords'
s.~®6 lieges, &c. Ribbon is also very generally used this
THE ANTI-STATE CHURCH ASSOCIATION. long broad ceintures are much worn, called e'charPes; ~,
new ribbons are very elegant, either brocaded or wl,"
For
edges resembling blond. termed guipure ribbon.
Having, in a former number, laid before our readers morning wear, the finest cachenzires and cloth dresses are
the somewhat impudent circular signed by the secretaries worn, the latter with gimp trimmings, the former with
of the " British Anti-State Church Association," and ad- flounces festonne's and embroidered ; some are with E 0
dressed to all the money-giving members of the Anti- deep a tuck as to have the effect of a double skirt. Mantes
Corn Law League, we now proceed to fulfil our promise of taffetas d' Italie, lined with sarcenet, the small sleeves
by bringing under their notice the machinery of this Asso- lightly wadded, replace the visites of summer; the form
elation. is pretty, reaching low behind, with one and sometimes
It has its treasurer, its secretaries, its auditors, and three pelerine.y. Marquises of satin form short mantelets
lastly, its executive committee, which is composed chiefly in front; the sleeves are formed in the material; these
of Dissenting Reverends, located in different parts of are trimmed with a very deep flounce ; the mantealt
England, Scotland, and Wales. Its "scheme of organisa- Infanta is, in the Spanish style, of black velvet, with
Lion" declares that this society is to be based upon the large collar trimmed with rich laces ; besides these we
following principles :—"That in matters of religion man have the Rouliere, Mouresque, Garrick, and Grecian. .
is responsible to God alone; and that all legislation by Bonnets have undergone but little change; the form 1$
secular Government in affairs of religion is an encroach- small, and lace trimmings much in favour ; bavolets are
went upon the rights of man, and an invasion of the added to the winter bonnet; velvet ones are much enli-
prerogatives of God (I ) and that the application by vened by coloured linings ; cerise is a favourite mixture
law of the resources of the State to the maintenance of with them ; the fashionable colours for velvet, or velours
seasotrg
any form or forms of religious worship and instruction, is e'pingle, are myrtle green, violet, blue jacinthe, and blacl,
contrary to reason (1), hostile to human liberty, and ornamented with velvet flowers, frequently of the same
directly opposed to the word of God." It would not be colour. For children, the gipsy form in beavers is pre'
easy to cram a greater quantity of trash into this space. ferred
The object of the society is then declared to be " the
liberation of religion from all governmental or legislative
interference ;" and this object is to be sought "by lawful
and peaceable means, and by such means only." Every
person " contributing not less than one shilling annually
to the general fund is to be admissible as a member."
The functions of the executive committee are thus de-
I fined :

FASHIONS FOR NOVEMBER

EMERALD AUXILIARY SCREW STEAMER.

(From the Steam Navigation Gazette.)
We have much pleasure in giving our readers the extract
from a letter by Captain Prichard to Lieut. Sarsfield, R.N•►
the intelligent Marine Manager of the City of Dublin
Company :

" Belfast, Oct. 15, 1846.
" This is to inform you of our safe arrival in this port
from London, after a passage of four days and three hours.
The first thirty hours we had a strong breeze from the
west ; after, for five or six hours, the wind was flying
about to the south-west, until we got to the Isle of Wight.•
We then got the wind to the northward, which carried us
to the Lizards, after this little or no wind ; but at ten
that evening it came on like a hurricane from the westward
to the north-west and round to the southward, and then
came a-tieaL There were two screw-boats which bad
left London, one twenty-four hours before us, for Lin:"
trick, and we passed her off the North Forelands.. The
other left thirty hours before us—we passed her off the
He of Wight. The Pearl—(built by Ditchbourne and
Mare,—engines by Maw:lslay and Field)r--left the same
day from Southampton that we left London; we spoke
her off the Land's End, and arrived here seven hours
before her. Close haul'd we beat theek the most; we
went to windward more than any we tried with ; we acted
lca:eblolubroitnh t
hwei tlhe a
wwei
rned aqu-ihteeaddryr
adndfariran, amnudchdibdetoteort
than f expected."
ount
We wish particularly to draw attention to
thi:f °seccveral
in consequence of the Emerald being the
first
vessels of various sizes, built at Liverpool,
steam power, having Mr. Grantham's patentwth U
g
ments, by which all spur wheels and multiplying gear are
removed, and the engines applied direct to the .
screw shaft
us in paddle-wheel steamers t thus obviating one of the
greatest objections to the screw propeller. The vessel
was also modelled by Mr. Grantham. Besides t!, fact
of the Emerald's great superiority over the other three
screw vessels, as stated in Captain Pritchard's letter, WC
aa
Tai Y a re-

ld notice a still more important circumst
he speed of the Emerald has been

) horse power, and cost
:...Lo,ooo. They carry about 200 tons dead weight,
,sides their coals, burn from SO to 100 tons per voyage,
of the same distance. On the other hand, the Emerald
can take from 200 to 300 tons cargo, burns about 25 tons
of coals, and has cost under £9OOO.
We shall wait with much interest for the result of the
Sarah Sands, a vessel of 1000 tons, now building under
Mr. Grantham's directions, and fitted on the same prin-
ciple.

bout equal to the

heel steamers
rtient, and 250

)0 tons rneasur

ge about._

PREMIUMS OF INSURANCE.

LONDON At LIVERPOOL,I•
to

Outward

Jamaica. 258 Od® 30 0 308 Od Aug,
Leewaird Isl. Dem. & Berbic 20 0 0 I 29 0 —3O
Honduras SO 0— 60 0 so o —6O
Havana 35 0 40 0 39 0
•••••••"
New York , B oston 29 25 0 15 0—
Charleston, Savannah -
New. Orleans
Canada •••. 25 o—so 0 25 0— so
British North America ) "
Newfounaland •
Brazils
River Plate
East Indies
China
Batavia

New South Wales
Ckpe of Good Hope
Africa
Gibraltar ..
Lima, Valparaiso, &c
Malta, Sicily, &c.

Smyrna anddonstaut in opl
Malaga

Western Islcs,Cape de Ve
Lisbon

•
25 0— 0 20 O-30 5
"
25 0— 0 25 0—
30 0 -35 0 1 30 0-- cn,;jo
35 0— 40 0 35 oa.- 4u
50 0-60 0 6o o o ;
20 0— 35 0 35 0-
35 0-40 0 ; 40 --

France
Holland
Hamburg, Bremen, Ac

3S 0-40 0 140 0
30 0 ; 105 0
15 0-17 6 17 6-2 A
50 0-60 0 40 0-50
17 6 20 0 17 6-3A 0
30 0-40 0 40 0- 0
7 6- 20 0 17 6 ---
15 0-20 0 ! 15 0 --

20 0 -
0 e-
-0 0—

-
25 0 17 6 ^ 000
•
17 G---
20

O 0 ; 20 0
O 0 ! 0 0'

Gottenburg, Stockholm
Petersburg, Riga, B.c. .
Oporto ~

O 0- 0
O 0- 0 0
0 9