The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-06-13 00:00:00

ITALY.

THE WAR IN LOMBARDY.—SURRENDER OF PIES-
HIERA.—FieId Marshal Rath, commanding the fortress
of Peschiera, refused the capitulation proffered him on the
26th, on the ground that no breach had as yet been
opened, and that his means of defence were not exhausted.
The fire was resumed on the 27th. On the evening of
the 30th the fortress surrendered, after an engagement at
Gaito between 30,000 Austrians newly arrived from
Verona, and 15,000 Piedemontese, in which the former
were completely routed. The King and the Duke of
Savoy were personally engaged in the battle, and both
slightly wounded. The Austrian garrison left Peschiera
on the 31st for Ancona, where they were to be embarked.
The Sardinians were to enter Peschiera on the Ist of June.
The King has endeavoured to induce the troops of the
garrison at Mantau to an engagement, but without effet.
Letters from Rome of the 28th ult. state that Monsig-•
nor Morichini had been sent by the Pope to Vienna, to
negotiate peace with Austria on the terms stipulated in
the letter addressed by his Holiness to the Emperor, on
the 8d ult. Pius IX had recovered all his popularity, and
on the Feast of St. Philip Neri the population made a
brilliant manifestation in his favour.
NAPLES.—lntelligence from Italy informs us that Co-
senza Calanzaro and Monbeleone have risen against the
authority of the Neapolitan government, and put to death
several of the gendarmes and police, with the fullinten-
tion of afterwards marching upon the capital.

SPAIN.—It seems certain from accounts dated Madrid,
June 3, that Forcadell, the Carlist general, had succeeded
in entering Spain by the frontier of Perpignan, and that
he had surprised a detachment of the Queen's troops.
Reports were current in certain circles in Madrid, on
the 4th instant, that the Carlists intended to attempt a
renewal of the civil war in Sprin. The Minister of War
had been confined to his bed for three days.

The Romanists are working hard in Australia. On the
sth of February, Archbishop Folding arrived in Sydney,
with ten priests, three lay brethren, and two nuns.
Hanover is in a state of agitation, and commotions are
of constant occurrence. Should further collisions take
place between the military and tne populace, a dreadful
effusion of blood is apprehended.
The Emperor of Austria it is said, behaved very rudely
at Innspruck, on the first, to a deputation of Viennese
ladies. The emperor took their petition, and without
saying a word, turned on his heel and walked away.
According to proclamation issued on the evening of the
Ist inst., by the civic authorities of Hanover, all houses
are ordered to be closed at 10 p.m., and all loitering is
forbidden.

His Excellency Lord Ilowden arrived at Portsmouth
on Tuesday, in her Majesty's steamer Firebrand, having
left Rio de Janeiro on the 28th of April. By this arrival
we hear of the effects of the news upon the Brazilians of
the revolutionary affairs of continental Europe, which
were unexpectedly astounding. French business was
stopped ; monetary transactions were suspended ; and a
blank Bourse on their part was all but the result. The
exchange with England was 25 to 4. The Emperor was
in Rio, much affected by the expatriation of the House of
Bourbon, with which he so closely allied. The affair of
La Plata are mending, but so slowly as to be almost im-
perceptible.
STEAM NAVIGATION IN BRAZIL.—The navigation of
the River Amazon by steam has been at length attempted,
the first essay having been made by a small steamer,
called the Guapiassu, drawing very little water. She
proceeded from the city of Para to the River Negro, on
the 6th of Nov., and returned on the 27th of Jan. last,
having occupied 82 days on the voyage, of which she was
33 detained at the bar of the Rio Negros, and called at
twelve different places, stopping several hours at each,
going and coming; the experiment completely succeeded.
The great difficulty apprehended was easily overcome,
that of procuring a sufficient supply of fuel. She could
not stow away more than 70 tons of coals, which were
only sufficient for seven days' consumption, whereas she
was 19 days with her steam on, and, consequently, obliged
to have recourse to wood. After trying several qualities,
they found four different qualities thereof, which answered
equally as well, if not better, than coals, obtaining a
higher degree of pressure, and a greater number of revo-
lutions from its use, at a much less expense—that of
coals for the whole voyage would have been 2929 milreis,
whereas the actual cost of the wood amounted only to 355
milreis, occasioning, moreover, much less labour from the
ashes being more easily removed. The fire-place of the
Guapiassu was constructed for wood, and the logs were
cut to suit it. Feru is highly interested in the navigation
by steam of the Amazon. A company is being formed at
Rio, for improving the navigation of the River Mercury,
which communicates with Rio and the provinces of Minas
and St. Paulo, the two most productive, fertile, .and beet
populated in the empire.

IRELAND.

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The Government have refused to accept the securities
tendered for the Irish Felon newspaper.
Mr. Mitchell's furniture was sold last week by direc-
tion of his wife. Everything sold at extremely high prices.
The books with Mitchel's autograph brought a hundred
times their value. A pike and two swords, which cost but
a few shillings each, sold at a guinea a-piece.
EXTENSIVE FAILURE.—The extensive firm of Thomas
Mooney and Co., of Pill-lane, Dublin, has failed. They
are deecribed in the directory as " wholesale ironmongers,
hardware, iron, steel, and Russia merchants, and whole-
sale tea and coffee dealers ; agents to the British Plate
Glass Company." The liabilities exceed £150,000. Mr.
Thomas Mooney is a director of several public companies.
There was a city attachment issued against this concern
at th‘_; suit of the Royal Bank for £30,000.
YOUNG AND OLD IRELAND.—At a meeting of the
Repeal Association on Monday, it was announced that that
Association and the Confederation had agreed to fraternise
and unite into one conspiracy. A General National
Assembly is to be organised, where Old and Young Ire-
landers will meet in amity on the understanding that nei-
ther moral nor physical force is to be mentioned by either
party. What then are they to discuss ? What is the
only intermediate point ? Nothing but Fudge.
THREATENED DISTURBANCES.—The Confederate Clubs
meet almost every night : the members are urged to lose
no time in making the necessary preparations for a con-
flict. Besides an abundant supply of pikes, 300 stand of
fire-arms, imported from England, have, it is said, been
added-to the arsenal of the Confederates, and 1500 more
are daily expected from the same quarter. The standard
price of a musket or rifle is fixed at Ils., and members
unable to pay are supplied at once on condition of their
contributing 6d. a week until the debt is discharged.
Tau CnePs.—We are informed by a gentleman of the
highest respectability, who has just passed through the
several counties of Ireland, that the breadth of land under
potatoes has hardly ever been exceeded, and that the crop,
the great part of which is second earthed, never looked
more prosperous.—(Limerick Examiner.) We are glad
to find similar statements in the Tuam Herald, the
Waterford Chronicle, the Ulster Gazette, the Cork Ex-
aminer, and other papers in the different provinces of the
sister kingdom. _

ARREST OF MR. MEAGIIER.—As this gentleman was
proceeding on Tuesday at the head of his club to the Con-
federation meeting he was stopped by the police, who re-
fused to let them walk two abreast, but offered to let them
pass singly. An altercation took place, and some blows
were given., when Mr. Meagher was arrested and taken to
prison. On Wednesday he was brought up and fined £5
for assaulting a policeman whilst discharging his duty.
Immediately after the above case had been heard, John
Byrne was charged with the same offence, and also fined
£5. Both parties at once paid the fines.
At the meeting of the Confederation on Tuesday the
chair was taken by Mr. Morgan, solicitor to the Corpora-
tion. Upwards of 400 new members were admitted. A
letter was read from Mr. Smith O'Brien, apologising for
his absence on the ground of illness, but adding that he
was desirous of taking the legal responsibility the ad-
dress recommending an appeal to arms. Very long
speeches were made by Messrs. Meagher and Daffy, who
stated that the principles on which they were invited to
join the new Association were the same as those of the
Irish Confederation.

The Rev. Mr. Willis, rector of Portadown, county Ar-
magh, in replying to the circular of the secretaries of the
anti-repeal declaration, concludes with the following re-
markable statement :—" I for one see nothing in my
obligation, as a minister of the church, to prevent me
from considering the question of repeal an open question ;
and, under the circumstances, so far am I from thinking
that a repeal of the legislative union would ` entail incal-
culable misery upon Ireland, or her church,' that I am the
rather inclined to look with hope and confidence for a re-
verse of this ; and I rejoice to know that such also is the
feeling of some thousands in my parish and neighbour-
hood." Mr. Willis is an Orangeman.
POLICEMEN AT FAULT.—At the Dublin police-office,
on Wednesday, Inspector Walpole and two constables
were charged with tearing a placard from the office-win-
dow of the printer of a penny unstamped paper called the
Irish National Guard. The act was justified on the plea
of orders to that effect from the commissioners. The ma-
gistrates decided that as there was nothing seditious or
indecent in the placard, whatever might be the character
of the publication to which it referred, the inspector and
his subordinates must be sent for trial. If there was ob-
struction by the placard to the public thoroughfare, it was
consequential and not direct, and therefore not chargeable
as against the printer.
REFORMATION IN DUBLIN.— On Sunday, four persons
renounced the errors of Romanisin in St. Thomas's church
in the presence of a very large and respectable congrega-
tion. The Rev. Thomas Scott, under whose spiritual
direction the converts have received instruction, adminis-
tered the form of recantation. The Venerable Archdea-
con Magee, rector of St. Thomas's, preached from Ro-
mans xii., 18—" If it he possible, as much as lieth in you,
live peaceably with all men ;" and subsequently assisted
in the communion service. Mr. Francis Frederick
M`Glynne, one of the four converts, had been intended
for the Rot:nisi' priesthood, and was prepared to enter
Maynooth College ; but yesterday he deliberately and
finally abandoned the apostacy of Rome for ever, and
solemnly embraced the faith of the early, ancient, Irish
Church—the Church of St. Patrick.—Dublin Herald
PuoTESThwr ORGANISATION—THE ORAN,art IrisTI-
TUTION.—It is with feelings of exultation we have to
announce that the work of Protestant union "goes bravely
on." Amongst several warrants taken out this week from
the Grand Lodge of Ireland for the formation of new
Orange Lodges was one for a lodge in this city to be
Called by the expressive name " Luther," No. 1,852.
The interesting ceremony of opening it was gone through
on Tuesday evening. The worshipful Grand Master, and
other officers of the Dublin County Grand Lodge, were
in attendance, and installed the officers of the new lodge.
Several visitors from the various Dublin lodges were also
present. A considerable number of members were duly
initiated, and an address was unanimously adopted to the
Prote,tants of Ireland, urging them to firmness and
patience, and denouncing the Protestant Repeal Associa-
tion as " a gross political imposture, a vile party swindle,
and an organised hypocrisy."—Dublin Herald.
AFFRAY WITH THE MILITARY.—A rather serious col-
lision took place yesterday between some soldiers of the
30th depot, stationed at Nenagh, and some of the towns-
people. The precise origin of the quarrel is not very
clear, but it is said that the military, who were at first
unarmed, had the worst of the battle, having fled to their
barracks, whence they speedily returned armed with mus-.
kets and bayonets. The people then in their turn beat a
retreat, but thirty or forty of the more resolute having
suddenly faced about, and their numbers being shortly
afterwards considerably reinforced, stone firing was car-
ried on with such good effect that the soldiers sustained
another repulse, and re-fled to their barracks in the
greatest disorder. The account—evidently a one-sided
one—states that eight of the military were conveyed to
the hospital, three of whom were not expected to survive.
and that ten or twelve more were severely, but not dan-
gerously, wounded in the melle.
ATROCIOUS THREATENINGS.—A number of threatening
letters have been addressed to Mr. Whitty, the foreman,
and others of the jury before whom Mitchel was tried.
Three of these letters are peculiarly atrocious. They are
each headed by a representation of a coffin, with the
words " 1848—perjury—J. Whitty—bribery." The first
gives him notice to keep what black cloth he has and to
make a pall of it, and tells him to " make his time to die,
for die he must." The second tells him to prepare his
coffin. The writer of another says he has sworn on the
Holy Evangelists to kill him, as he was the means of
killing Mitchel. Two letters of the same kind were re-
ceived by Mr. Mansfield, another juror in the same case,
one of them addressed to his wife. It has transpired also
that another juror, Yoakley, has learned that a virago
has been watching for him in Coppinger's-row, through
which he sometimes passes, and that she was heard to say
that when next she saw him she would bury a knife (which
she displayed) in his body. These traits illustrate the
de raved and frightful temper of the times in Ireland.
DEATH OF THE REPEAL ASSOCIATION.—There is an
end of the Dublin Repeal Association. That mighty en-
gine of Irish Agitation, raised with so much toil and trou-
ble by the late Daniel O'Connell, has yielded at last to
the repeated blows of the Young Ireland party, and is now
a heap of rubbish. At a meeting of the Irish Repealers,
on Monday last, Mr. John O'Connell declared that lie
could no longer resist the force of public opinion—that
the Excheouer was emnty—and that thp
having agreed to dissolve also, a new Association, com-
bining all Irishmen in one League, was about to spring
*up. The conviction that his political influence is hope-
lessly extinguished has been forced upon Mr. J. O'Con-
nell (to quote his own words) " in the most unmistakeable
manner," and, we may add, in a manner which has touched
the ex-leader in the most sensitive point. Conciliation
Hall, in a word, is insolvent, and Mr. O'Connell has no
notion of working for his beloved country for nothing.
" The country is entirely refusing us support," he dolo-
rously complained. "We had but twelve pounds last
week, and it is, therefore, impossible that we can continue
our sittings as the Old Repeal Association." Thus ends
the gigantic scheme of imposition so long and so prospe-
rously conducted.