The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1833-04-12 00:00:00

Asamassimmo
should have
that
as ample and full compensation ; but let
)Ltection be given in a clear, direct, and equitable-form, and
e(oas at present) by the oppression of particular branches of
eree and shipping, and by forcing valuable sources of
e, Wealth and revenue into the hands of foreigners, so
FtLy 1410_
e pre uging to the British merchant and shipowner. By
iteik. system, I estimate the loss to the country, directly
,neat IretlY, at three times the amount of that which it may
vered7 colonist, and that if such a system be longer per-
t belluportant branches of manufacture and commerce
I
tirretrievably lost to the country. Already the refiner-
at
gast°l(l°.hre(.so.far as regards the export trade) are at their
being now (as stated in a memorial lately pre-
-413
atwwtne Board of Trade by the London refiners,) only 61
Ali .41‘ there against 216 at this time last year, and
fI
saoom
tris Y Informed that at one period there were upwards o
BaernPloy ed.
Y, 1 would recommend to Mercator, and to all West India
gees, nlerchaots, or planters, candidly and temperately to
ustde
t 11.15 question, and to reflect upon the great and growing
nc4o !lee of other branches of foreign commerce, and of theirt they 4uParativeinsio•nificance • they may lament the change, bu
ikesZllttlwet resist the course of eve nts. The energies and neces-
kit eaty-five millions of people will not much longer
they ol restrained for their exclusive benefit, and although.
Zt4foatYtatlsltoeteheeerd hi preserving their present artificial auvan-
session or two, owing to the. pressure of other
itteckott• questions on the attention of Parliament, the day of
144,„41u5t Come and the longer it is deferred, (as withh
lilel,tan',,'"tioa,) the more excited will be the feelings of t e
ettlibt. they
the Worse for them will be the settlement.. Let
Qrivile~sea
have no longer seventy monopolists,
41 the House of Commons, to support their unjust
')
but a Parliament that sits pledged to remove. all
iriiti'lle,),°ruulercial as well as political. If, therefore, in place
w.th the petitioners in their prayer forah fair and
0t,4 ditshle
adJustrttent of their contending interests, they eys opposethose
t..liereoeteti4, and by such language and arguments
they Will convert the present sympathy of the. p.e-1
4L'if. 4'l`i th
,the kisea e country, into hostility, and their artificial
1
Ybtlried
111 l corruption, will be crumbled to the dust, and
4.
ts ruins.—Yours, &c.,
MERCATOI BRAZILIENSES.

0
the`
e,
Pl,„
erg/

to 1,4 ---
81, EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.
w't "1. hold and persevering exertions in the great cause
'tts ° -111°11count v in which is involved that of her long
e peal)rtlYi injured colonists, tempt me to communicate to you
prKall eulars of Mr. Borthwick's animated and eloquent
te the
good sense, honour, and patriotism of the citizens
Borthii has, in the course of the last few weeks, ad-
' re 8.- Beveral Um' es, immenselrcrowded audiences of the
et:`_eahle inhabitants of this city and its neighbour-
talk,'" Present state of our West India colonies, and the
t6eit'eennspira which has been so long in active progress
uttet
„.11)ss annihilation. With one only exception, the ad-
-6.4413c-ve been gratuitous on all these occasions, the ex-
ho:kg aid of the funds of the Royal Infirmary.
ite 'wieks addresses having embraced a vast variety of
‘tlatill3ihttant matter connected with our colonial interests
:115 impressed the deepest conviction on the minds
the
'ditp e," him impartially, that we were sacrificing to
.t e
ii:gnorance of a band of enlisted zealots and agita-
°ll,,,ti 4e'l(l ever been held by our ablest statesmen, to be
4t4.t4hvii, let sources of our naval strength and commercial
Cis conviction has gathered strength daily, and is
liNb; decide conviction
as it is almost universal, among our educated
'51134; I.'lo not hesitate to say, that the subjects which
;44'1 i• clt has treated have, more than any other, occupied
t tlt!, and engrossed the conversation, of the intelligent
tt Place during his entire residence among us.
nit :4tereies of the colonists, and of their country's coca-
thei't°BPerity and naval ascendency, have not been with.-
41, rNBtWace under this new and humiliating aspect of their
(W. `r.liorthwick's arrival here was quickly followed by
Qf the a.ents of the Agency Anti-Slavery Society,
°te tbatPeetable office it has for some time been, diligently,
~°l.e,(langerous person from town to town, with the de-
Ntibi:nleracting by vulgar and abusive declamation, the
melt
of
' truth. This agent has not been without
tiitb-: his masters: he has perseveringly placarded the
NtLinvitations to his chapel harangues, in spite of the
aFr(ipt and disgust expressed by the honest and think-
.4e,l,asses ; and he has shamelessly sold his impotent
,t-pricefor admission, level with the means of the low-
,.
the 4;411, wick's last address has left a lasting impression
Dote of Edinburgh. For five hours, and w'th
L'llere: the slightest hesitation, he poured forth a torrent
manly, and convincing eloquence to an assemi
'44,l:Wards of fifteen hundred persons, the most select
litti),.lslever did a champion or a cause prevail more tri-
ee
4a ()ill rse of this address, Mr. Borthwick had occasion to
to the individual of whom I have spoken
41, whom he characterised as " the hireling of an asso-
klieclt!NY engaged in propagating the most malignant
4thil;gainst our colonists." He then proceeded to prove
'lb as the fact, by producing the printed " Report"
eett„,
Niit 4,-/ Anti-Slavery Society," and reading the '
plain
ss. Messrs. Thomson, Knibb, Burchell, Philips,
ide4e., were "stipendiary lecturers" of the society;
!kid,' receiving a specific salary, their travelling expenses
tc; and a route was furnished to each, with a list of the
ens, and even villages, at which they were to hold
I°lli r
the ! they were authorised to make collections on these
°ne"ln , under due discretion, to use all their influence to
of
.provincial and other newspapers to their cause.
of ,k° Patient and clamorous disapprobation, from the
114 nritish honour and manhood, followed every clause
111,tt ,xposure ; but, as if the disgrace were not complete
p: futther appeared, from the same " Report," that
(I.:t.s-rnliary lecturers were bound by the terms of their
Itlets 843, in their preachings and harangues, whatever
Itb Y Which they served should at any time dictate; and
nanifested, by the formal minutes of the society
kb oldtheir agents were bought and sold hypocrites, and
.
kor intercourse with honest men.
e disclosure, made by Mr. Borthwick on this occa-
-4,lBoerve to close this long communication. He, observed.h
lep 411 his hand a statement signed by three Edinburg
11N- the highest respectability, declaring, that a person
Ito n them, a few days before, with an offer of his
pe ,4;,i,"4 ha procuring signatures for the "gradual eman-
toinn," then in the course of signing by the friends
tt,l°:_iists; and that, on questioning this person, he had
nine,;! that he had obtained six thousand signatures for
14 "'late abolition petition," a few weeks ago, at RN. 6d.
't though from them he intended to have a better

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44,
o es was concluded amidst tumultuous cheering, from
r 4 Ned to excess. Hats and handkerchiefs were
waved,
4t:lr! of the most animated excitement was exhibited,
thth
forr a
ee full quarter of an hour, when the assembly
cheers for the colonies, followed by as many
iti,ltthwick, and for the gentleman who had presided at
6t,
Bce•
P4/4, -4prit 6, 1833.

FAIR PLAY.

THE LIVERPOOL

EXTRACTS from the INFORMATION received by HIS MA-
JESTY'S COMMISSIONns to the ADMINISTRATION and
OPERATION of the POOR-LAWS.

FRAUDS ON THE METROPOLITAN PARISHES.
The following is from Mr. Chadwick's report:—
"In the metropolis I have found this cause—the fear of vio-
lence from the out-door paupers—in direct operation, as an
obstacle 'to retrenchment, in only three or four parishes. In
most town parishes the chief causes of profusion are, Ist, an
uncontrollable facility and temptation to fraud, which appears
to be unavoidable in the administration of any out-door relief
in towns, when not given in the • shape of wages for labour;
next, the ignorance of the annual officers, and often the opera-
tion of interests on their parts at variance with their duties.
The frauds committed in consequence of the facilities which
the system of granting out-door relief affords are such as these :
parties receiving relief as being out of work when they are iu
work; parties who have received relief in consequence of being
actually out of work continuing to receive relief after they have
obtained work ; parties who have received out-door rend in
money on account of sickness continuing to receive that relief
after they have recovered; women receiving relief on the ground
that they have been deserted by their husbands, whilst their
husbands are living with them; women receiving relief for
theihselves and families on the pretence that the husband is
absent in search of work, while he is absent in full work; par-
ties continuing to receive pensions for children or relations, as
if they were alive, when they are dead. The following extract
from the evidence of an experienced and able parish officer,
(Mr. Huish, assistant overseer of St. George's, Southwark,) will
afford examples ,
" The most injurious portion of the poor law system is the
out-door relief. Ido not serve a day without seeing some new,
mischiefs arise from it. In the smaller parishes persons are
liable to all sorts of influences. In such a parish as ours, where
we administer relief to upwards of 2,000 .out-door poor, it is
utterly impossible to prevent considerable fraud, whatever vigi-
lance is exercised.

" Has the utmost vigilance been tried ?
•
" Suppose you go, to a man's house as a visiter ; you ask
where is Smith (the pauper) ? you see his wife or his children,
who say they do not know where he is, but that they believe he
is gone in search of work. How are you to tell, in such a case,
whether he is at work or not? It could only be by following
him in the morning; and you must do that every day, because
he may be irk work one day, and not another. Suppose you
have a shoemaker who demands relief of you, and you visit his
place, and you find him in work ; you give it him on his de-
claring that he is out of work ; you say to him, as I have said
to one of our own paupers, Why, Edwards, I thought you said
you had no work ? and he will answer, Neither had I any ;
and I have got a little job for the day.' He will also say di-
rectly, owe for my rent; I have not paid my chandler's shop
score; I. have been summoned, and I expect an execution out
against me, and if you stop my relief I must come home' (that
is, he must go into the workhouse). The overseer is imme-
diately frightened by this, and says, What a family that man
has got ! it will not by
to stop his relief.' So that, unless you
have a considerable number of men to watch every pauper every
day, you are sure to be cheated. Some of the outdoor paupers
are children, others arc women ; but, taking one with another,
I think it would require one man's whole time to watch every
twenty paupers.
" Some time ago there was a shoemaker, who had a wife and
family of four children, who • demanded relief of the parish;
and obtained an allowance of ss. per week. He stated that he
worked for Mr. Adderley, the shoemaker, who now lives in the
High-street in the Borough. The man stated, on applying for
relief, that, however he worked, he could earn no more than
13s. per week. A respectable washerwoman informed me, that
the way in which this family lived was such, that she was con.-
vinced the man earned enough to support them honestly, with-
out burdening the parish, and that it was a shame for him to
receive relief. In consequence of this information, I objected
to the allowance; but one of the overseers, taking up the book,
said, But here is the account, signed by Mr. Adderley himself.
Can you doubt so respectable a man ?' Still I was not satisfied ;
and I watched the man, and found him going to Mr. Pulbrook's,
in Blackfriars-road. When the man quitted the shop, I went
in and asked whether the man who had just left worked for
them. Mr. Pulbrook stated that he did work for them, and had
done so during the last 12 months; that he was one of the best
shoemakers who had ever worked for him; that he earned only
about 12s. a-week, and that he (Mr. Pulbrook) regretted he
had not more work for him. The man bad left his book, which
I borrowed. • When the man came to the Board, I said to him,
Do you know Mr. Puibrook, of Blackfriars-road? Yes, I
do, I know him very well." Do you ever work for him ? I
have done a job now and then for him.' I then asked whether
he had not earned as much as 10s. or 11s. a-week for hits. His
reply was No never." I then produced the book between him
and Mr. Pulbrook, from which it appeared that he had earned
from 10s. to 12s. a-week for the time stated. This took hint by
surprise, and he had no answer to make. The relief was re-
fused him, and he never came again. I afterwards ascertained,
that in addition to the 13s. a-week which he earned from Mr.
Adderley, and the 12s. a-week which he earned from Mr. Pul-
brook, his wife and himself worked for Mr. Drew, the slopseller,.
living at Newington-causeway, and earned 7s. a-week from him.
On the average of the year round, they did not earn less than
3Js. per week. Besides these earnings the wife was in the re-
ceipt of a pension of 3s. a-week from a lady of the name of Ro-
berts, who resides at No. 1, Paragon. The man was afterwards
spoken to about the loss of the parish allowance, when he said,
did not like to lose it; it was a d—d hard case; it was like a
freehold to me, for I have had it these seven years.'
"No inspector would have found out such a case, except by
constant watching or favourable accidents. It might be sup-
posed strange that a shoemaker could have earned no more
than 12s. a-week ; but his answer was, that his bodily infirmi-
ties were such that he could not sit long enough to enable hint
to earn more than such a sum. This morning. I said to a man
of the name of Taylor, a tinman, who is receiving 4s. a-week,
'Taylor, how can you come here and waste your time to get
your lazy shilling, whilst, if you stayed at home, you might earn
your honest eighteeupence, and set your fatuity a good exam-
ple ? His reply was, I have no work ; I can't earn anything.'
answered,' Why, every time I pass your house, except on
relieving days, I always find you hammering' Yes, so I may
be—penny or twopenny jobs; will you find. me work ?' I re-
plied, That I could not seek pans to mend for him.' He went
away with his money. Had I positively challenged this man,
the first question with the annual officers would have been,
What is your family ?" There are six of us,' it would be re-
plied. What a family for a poor man to maintain !' exclaim
the overseers • let him have the money.' overseers are
in perpetual fear of a man with his wife and family coining
into the workhouse. They usually say, in such a case as this,
We pay 4s. per head for their keep in the workhouse; here is
six times 4s.,—what a difference this is ! Let us keep them
out at all risks.' We have bad instances of sawyers leaving
their work and paying men to work for them whilst they came
and got relief. 'Within these few days we found out the case of
a cabinet-maker named Baylis, working for a Mr. Edwards, in
Lambeth-walk, and at the same time receiving 6s. lid. per week
from us, under a pretence that he was, out of work. In fact,
such discoveries are perpetual."
"Does the practice of obtaining out-door relief extend amongst
respectable classes of mechanics, whose work and means of
living are tolerably good ?—I am every week astonished by see-
ing persons come who I never thought would have come. The
greater number of our outdoor paupers are worthless people;
but still the number of decent people who ought to have made
provision for themselves, and who come, is very great, and
increasing. One brings another ; one member of 'a family
brings the rest of the family. Thus I find, in two days' reliei,
the following names John Arundell, a sawyer, aged 55,
his son 'Wm. aged 22, a wire-drawer; Ann Harris, 58, her hus-
band is in Greenwich Hospital; her son John, and his wife also
come separately, and so does their sou; a lad aged 18, a smith.
Thus we have pauper father, pauper wife, pauper son, and
pauper grand-children, frequently applying on the same relief-
day. One neighbour brings another. Not long since a very
young woman, a widow, named Cope, who 'is not more than 20
years of age, applied for relief; she had only one child. After
she had obtained relief, I had some suspicion that there was
something about this young woman not like many others. I
spoke to her, and pressed her to tell me the real truth, as to
how so decent a young woman as herself came to us for relief.
She replied that she was gored' into it. That was her ex-
pression. I asked what she meant by being gored into it.—
She stated, that where she was living there were only 5 cottages,
and that the inhabitants of four out of five of those cottages
were receiving. relief, two from St. Saviour's, and two from
Newington parish. They had told her that she was not worthy
of living in the same place, unless she obtained relief too.—
I was completely satisfied of the truth of her statement by in-
-quiry. Her candour induced me to give her 55., and I offered
her a reception in the house for herself and child. The Conse-
quence was, we never heard any more of her.
" The most experienced witnesses declare, that the only test
of the merits of such cases is, by taking them wholly on the
parish. The parish officers of St. James's, Westminster, state,
that on one occasion, in the month of November last, up-
wards of 50 paupers were offered admission into the workhouse,
in lieu of giving them out-door relief, and that of that number
only four accepted the offer;' and that since then the same sys-
tem has been pursued in a number of instances, and attended
with a similar result.