The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-06-20 00:00:00

(Stunt ititstelianv.

The rate of discount of the Bank of England has been
reduced from Four to Three-and-Half per Cent.
Poor Tom Steele died at Peele's Coffee-house on Wed-
nesday.
Three men were drowned in Loch Lomond, on Tuesday,
by the upsetting of a boat.
On Wednesday, the bakers throughout the metropolis
reduced the price of the 41b. loaf O.
A considerable quantity of cider has been imported into
London from the United States.
The local rates of Leicester are eighteen shillings in the
pound. It is believed at present to be the most distressed
town in the country.
In London, during. the last seven days, the scarlet fever
has killed just three times its ordinary number, and typhus
and small-pox nearly twice the average number.
Large importations of cherries and other fruits have
been received in London, during the past week, from
France, Belgium, and Holland.
The sale of the estates of the Duke of Buckingham, in
Bucks, Oxford, and Northamptonshire, has realised
£262,900.
An unusual quantity of salmon has this week been
taken in the Tyne and sold at the low rate of sixpence
per lb.
On Friday, W. T. Smith, Esq., of Kentish Town,
whose intellect has been latterly impaired by paralysis,
blew out his brains with a blunderbuss.

In the poisoning cases at Bristol, the jury have returned
a verdict that the deceased died of prussic acid, but there
was no evidence by whom administered.
At Bradford, three chartists were on Friday committed
for trial for illegal drilling to military exercises, and one
for seditious speaking.
A man has been committed for trial charged with set-
ting fire to a stack of straw, at Bishop liiddleham. The
scoundrel had been refused relief by the owner of the
straw.

DEPLORABLEDEATH.—On Saturday, the Rev. E. Spen-
cer, a relative of Earl Spencer, was found dead in the
arch under the AWOL Deceased died of the effects of
drunkenness.

On Sunday, the house of Mr. Isaac. a halter, on the
Parade. Plymouth, was burnt down, in consequence of the
ignition and explosion of a barrel of naptha from a lighted
candle, and two children were burnt to death.

On Saturday, at • the Central Criminal Court, nine
Chartists were found guilty of a riot on Sunday, the 4th
instant, at Bishop Bonner's-fields. Sentence was de-
ferred.

Many of the shipwrights of Sunderland who had the
opportunity to work at the reduced wage of a guinea a
weak have declined to do so, -and nearly the -whole of
these working men are n 0.7 out or employment.
Prince Albert presided on Friday afternoon at a meet-
ing of the Commission for Promoting and Encouraging
the Fine Arts in the rebuilding of the Palace of 'West-
minster.

The times are su bad that a great number of pawnbro-
kers in dn., metropolis have given notice that they will not
take in pledges, it being next to impossible to get rid of
unredeemed goods by public sale.
The Hereford Journal states that haymaking is now
extensively in operation in that vicinity, but that the
crops generally are neither heavy nor remarkable for their
quality—a fact attributable to the extraordinary drought
and unseasonable heat of the early part of May.
An amusing joke was played off in the House of Lords
the other evening, when some noble lord. as Lord
Brougham entered the house, put a hair broom on his
seat. There was a general laugh at the noble lord's sur-
prise.
Nearly 200 young women, under the charge of six ma-
trons, sailed last week from Plymouth, in the Royal
George, for Sydney, New South Wales. These girls were
all selected in the Irish Union Workhouses, and are sent
by the Australian Land and Emigration Commissioners.
On Thursday week, the sum of £1,600, raised for the
relief of the widow and family of William Wyatt, and re-
warding Thomas Wyatt and others, who assisted in the
capture of the Adlington murdereas, was presented at
Macclesfield. _ . _

At the Old Bailey Sessions, on Wednesday, Re trial of
Mr. Barnes, surgeon, of Thaxted, for the abduction of the
daughter of the Rev. Thomas Harvey, was postponed, it
being suggested as probable that the affair would be com-
promised.
DRURY-LANE THEATRE.—The " anti-monopolists,"
as a morning contemporary facetiously termed the troop
of French actors whose performance at " Old Drury" has
given such offence to the English public, leave London
this week, after giving two farewell performances for
which they modestly charge only a guinea!
A few days since some sawyers, employed in a building-
yard, at Plymouth, who were sawing a tine elm that had
been blown down by the wind, found a sparrow's nest,
containing an egg, in the centre of the tree, which was two
feet nine inches in diameter at the place where the nest
was discovered, and which was perfectly sound.
Early in July the new Romish Cathedral in Saint
George's Fields is to be opened, with a " pontifical"
service by Dr. Wiseman. Tickets are already selling at
one or two guineas each ; and it is expected that the " per-
formance" will yield as much, or even more, than one of
Jenny Lind's benefit concerts!

THE HONEYSUCKLE.—The Gardener's Chronicle, in
a recent number has suggested the raising of varieties
from this beautiful creeper, and we allude to this matter
because a neighbour in the country has sent to our office
a pretty specimen of a variety, grown in his own de-
lightful garden. It is of a bright scarlet color and quite
new to us.

THE ATTJRDER IN COLD-BATH FIELDS PRISON.—The
coroner's inquest on the body of William Woodhouse,
late a warder in this prison, who was stabbed to death by
George John Howson, one of the prisoners, on Saturday
morning week, has terminated in a verdict of wilful
murder against Hewson, who has been committed to
Islewgzatc-fur -4-1 1 a .
THE CASE OF POISONING AT A P-ÜBLIC-DINNER.—The
inquest upon the body of Mr. William Cornfiel, one of
the sufferers, was concluded on Tuesday night, when the
jury returned a verdict of " Manslaughter against Edmund
Franklin and Edward Randall." Franklin is the pastry-
cook who furnished the dinner and Randall is the pastry-
cook's assistant. _ _ _

SUDDEN DEATH OF FATHER AND SON.—On Monday,
Thomas Watts, one of the under-porters at Trinity Col-
lege, Cambridge, dropped down dead. On the day but
one following (Wednesday last) the father of the deceased
dropped dead, as he was on his way to tell another son
when the funeral of his brother would take place. Both
died of disease of the heart.
FOREIGN FRUIT.—The first import of cherries at Hull,
took place on the sth inst., and consisted of 150 baskets
brought with 50 baskets new potatoes and a few cucumbers,
from Rotterdam. These were followed, on Friday, by 700
baskets cherries, 100 ditto potatoes, and 50 ditto green
peas, brought from Antwerp. On Monday, the Seagull
delivered upwards of 1,000 baskets cherries, 15 baskets
cucumbers, and 200 baskets potatoes.
THE EMIGRANT SHIP OMEGA.—This ship, which was
supposed to have foundered after the emigrants had been
taken out of her, has been passed, perfectly sound, 80
miles west of the Scilly Lights, by the barque Franklin.
Not a soul was on board, and the vessel was drifting with
the current, leaving little doubt that had the emigrants
remained on board every one would have been saved.—
Montreal Transcript, of May 20.
On Friday, the Lord Mayor of London, accompanied
by the sheriffs and several of the aldermen, all attired in
court dresses, went in state carriages to visit the Chinese
junk, Keying, which is now exhibited at Blackwall. The
Chinese at first mistook the footmen, who wore splendid
liveries, covered with gold lace, for the turtle-loving dig-
nitaries of the corporation, and accordingly made deep
salaams to them, until the interpreters explained which
were the masters and which the servants.
Peter Carlton, an Irishman, servant to Major Turner,
was brought vp at London police-court the other day,
charged with bigamy. His second wife did not wish to
prosecute him ; and, on the magistrate asking explanation,
it appeared that his first wife, .who represented herself to
him, in the commencement, as a widow, had another
husband living when he married her. He had deserted
her when he discovered that fact, and considered himself
free to go to the-altar a second time. This curious ease
has been postponed.

STEAM V. HORSEFLESH.—A gentleman, well known on
the turf, has challenged the best engine belonging to the
Great Western Railway Company to run half a mile for
1,000 sovs., the steamer to travel per rail, and the biped
on the Reading race-course, which is parallel with the
line.
About 560 of the British lace-makers near Calais, ex-
pelled from France by the events of the late revolution,
have been sent to our Australian Colonies, by the bene-
volent exertions of Lord Ashley, Lord Robert Grosvenor,
and others. The last of three ships chartered by the
Emigration Commissioners for their conveyance, sailed
from Gravesend near London, on Monday.
MunnEn. AT SHlELDS.—Yesterday week, at the Shields
races, a quarrel took place between two men in one of
the tents frequented by loose women, with some of whom
the belligerents had been drinking, and a fight ensued,
when one of the men, named Moody, stabbed the other
with a knife. The wound proved fatal in a few minutes.
The quarrel originated in the attentions paid by the de-
ceased to one of the women, which excited the jealousy of
Moody, who was soon afterwards apprehended.
On Thursday a little boy, five years old, travelling with
its mother and servant, by the third class train on the
Midland Railway, fell out of the carriage as the train was
proceeding, either from the opening of the door or over-
balancing himself through the window. The train was
stopped as soon as possible, as was the'down train, and
an engine was sent on to find the boy ; but before its
arrival the boy bad been picked up by a policeman, with
no further injury than a few scratches.
During a heavy thunder-storm which visited North.
with and its neighbourhood, on the 3rd instant, two
much cows, belonging to Mr. Dunn, of Hartford, were
struck by the lightning while grazing or lying down in
the orchard near Mr. Dunn's house, and died very soon
after. And on the next day, during another heavy thun-
der storm, Mr. Edgerley, farmer, of Wicham, near
Northwich, had a valuable cow and calf struck dead by
the electric fluid.

EFFECT OF CHARTIST DE➢IONSTRATIONS.—A corre-
spondent had a ship at one of the ports of Porto Rico
waiting to take cargo under regular charter; and, in con-
sequence of the news arriving of the general disturbed
state of Europe, and of the intended Chartist meeting on
Kennington-common, the merchants refused to load the
ship ; and in this ease the owners of the vessel sustain a
very considerable loss. Several other
ships were in port
at the same time, and also lost their cargoes.-Plymouth
Journal.

ROYAL THAMES YACHT CLUB.—The contest for the
prize of £lOO, open to all Royal Yacht Clubs, without
respect to tonnage, took place on Tuesday last. Eight
yachts started, all belonging to London, Plymouth, and
Southampton. The distance to be sailed was from Erith
round the Nore Light, and back. The winner was the
Musquito, of 50 tons, belonging to Charles Aiars, Esq.,
of London, which performed the distance in 7 hours, 25
minutes, 50 seconds. The Heroine came in second, the
Secret third, and the Daring fourth.
MURDER.—On Monday nigat, two men, named Ben-
nett and Cook, were returning hame from a cider-house,
about a mile distant from Ledbury, when near to Brad-
low turnpike, they were accosted by a fellow named
Samuel Taylor. A few words passed between them,
when Taylor struck Bennett a tremendous blow, which
felled him to the ground. The poor fellow, as soon as he
could recover himself, importuned him for merny, but to
no purpose, nor did he desist until Bennett fell a corpse.
The villain then made off, and has not yet been taken.
EMIGRANT SHIPS.—The consul of the United States
has transmitted to Lloyd's a copy of an act of congress,
dated the 17th of May, regarding the ventilation and pro-
visioning, of emigrant ships. The first section of this act
makes it incumbent on all vessels carrying fifty passengers
or under, in the between-decks, to have .a house con-
structed on the combings of the hatchway, with two doors,
so that one may at all times be open for the purpose of
ventilation. Where more than fifty passengers are car-
ried, a house must he constructed at each end of the deck,
one to be furnished at the top with an outlet for foul air,
and the other to be so constructed as to admit fresh air.
Cooking apparatus must also be furnished on deck.
TILE SUPPOSED MURDER AT BATTERSEA.—On Wed-
nesday, the Coroner for Surrey resumed the adjourned
inquest respecting the death of James Charles Gosling,
aged twenty-three, the party who was found in the river
Thames with a pistol wound in the forehead, and who it
was believed had been murdered and afterwards thrown
into the water. Mrs. Eliza Gosling, of Grove-place,
Brompton, identified the deceased as being her son, and
described him as having been very eccentric in his con-
duct, and incoherent in his language. He had frequently
said, that if he wished to commit suicide he should shoot
himself in the head and fall back into the river, so that no
inquest should be held on his body. The Jury returned
a verdict—" 'Etat the deceased destroyed his own life, he
being at the time of unsound mind."
MORE CHARTIST ARRESTS AT BINGLEY.—Three more
of the Chartists, engaged in the late riot and rescue at
Bingley, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, were taken
from their beds early on Thursday morning last, and
committed to York Castle by Mr. W. B. Ferrand. One
of the prisoners was liberated on bail, and the others
were escorted by Mr. Ferrand, with six of his keepers
(armed with double barrelled guns) and about eighty con-
stables, to the railway station, whence they were sent off
to York Castle. Two more men were taken' into custody
the same morning, on the charge of throwing stones and
using threatening language to Mr. Thacker, magistrates'
clerk, and one of the Bingley constables. The firmness
and decision of Mr. Ferrand as a magistrate have almost
put cm entire ,tcp to the Illegal proceedings of the Char-
tists in his locality.
ATTEMPTED MURDER AND ROBBERY AT HARROGATE.
—On Monday morning, about half-past five o'clock, when
the female servant of Mr. Todd, boot and shoemaker, at
High Harrogate, opened the house door, a man rushed
within the house, and seizing hold of her, tied a handker-
chief over her mouth to prevent her screaming. He then
commenced rifling her pockets. but finding little of value
there, he drew a razor, and attempted to cut her threat
with it. inflicting two severe gashes. When he had
frightened the young woman out of further resistance, he
hastily ransacked several of the drawers, from which he
removed several articles of silver plate ; but hearing a
whistle, (which was supposed to be given by an accom-
plice stationed near,) he suddenly decamped, leaving the
bulk of the property behind him, hut taking with him the
handkerchief which he had tied round the girl's mouth.
INCREASE OF PAUPERISM. The rapid increase of
pauperism in the parishes comprised in the Huntingdon
union offers a melancholy example of the rapid decline of
the rural population in comfort and respectability, or else
that the wholesome state of self-respect which kept a man
from the parish has been broken down, and the example
of one becomes the standard and rule for the many. The
Huntingdon union embraces 83 parishes, with a popula-
tion at the last census of 18,229—by the quarterly return
made at Lady-day, it appears that nearly one-fifth of this
number were receiving parochial relief, namely 3,416,
which is an increase over the same period of 1844 (four
years) of upwards of 1,300. The parish of Ramsey with
a population of 3,679, stands conspicuous in the increase
—at Lady-day 1844, the number of their poor receit Lig in
and out-door relief was 465—at the same period in 1848 it
was 1 410—ma'e'rig considerably more than one-third of
the whole population in a state of pauperism.
DEATH OF JAMES WATT, ESQ.—Our obituary of this
week records the death of James Watt, Esq., the last
surviving son of the illustrious improver of the steam
engine. He was born on the sth of February, 1769; and
was therefore, in his 80th year. Inheriting a large share of
the powerful intellect of his distinguished father, to the
extension of whose fame he had for the last thirty years
shown the most zealous and truly filial devotion, he united
to great sagacity and a masculine understanding the varied
acquirements and literary tastes of a well-cultivated mind.
His name will long be remembered in association with that
of the late Mr. Boulton, as they were for nearly half a
century successfully engaged in carrying out those inven-
tions and improvements by which the genius of his father
was immortalized. For the last eight years of Isis life he
had comparatively retired from active businesi, and had
devoted much attention to the improvement of his exten-
sive estates in the counties of Radnor and Brecon.—
Birmingham Journal.

A GIRL KILLED BY HER BROTHER.—On Monday, a
little interesting girl, named Mary Ridgwell, aged nine
years, and her brother, aged twelve, were playing together
in a yard fronting their parents' house, at Chelmsford.
The little girl was noticed going:to a pump with a pail in
one hand and a mug in the other, when the brother de-
manded the pail, which he got possession of. The deceased
then said, " You shan't have that," meaning the mug she
had in her hand, and, on his endeavouring to get it, she
threw some water which was in it over him. He then
struck her across the back, and they kicked at each other.
A painful blow appeared to have been inflicted on the
lower part of her abdomen. She reeled- towardS some
palings and swooned away. She expired in the course of
twenty minutes. From fright, apparently, the boy ran
away from his home, and was taken on the Colchester
road, about two miles and a half from Chelmsford. The
jury returned a verdict of manslaughter against the boy
William Ridgwell, and he was accordingly committed for
trial at the ensuing assizes.
TRANSPORTATION FOR FORGING.— At the Central
Criminal Court, London, on Thursday, John Wilkinson,
a respectable looking man, apparently over 60 years of
age, and described as a labourer, removed by habeas from
Bristol, was charged with forging a transfer upon the
Bank of England. It appeared that while the prisoner
was in business in Mint-street, Borough, in 1838, his son
married a lady under age, but by whom he got.£lsoo for-
tune. Of this £lOOO was invested in the Bank of Eng-
land Three per cent. Reduced Annuities, in the name of
the prisoner and a neighbour of his, named William Shep-
pard, as co-trustees for the son and his children ; and so
it was supposed to remain until 1847, when it was dis-
covered that the prisoner, accompanied by a person
falsely representing William Sheppard, forged a deed of
transfer, by which he drew the whole of the £lOOO out of
the bank, and converted it to his own use, thus leaving
his real co-trustee liable to his son and the children. The
jury found the prisoner guilty, and he was sentenced to be
transported for life.
DISINTERESTED • GENEROSITY.--Mr. Warren, the
author of " Ten Thousand a Year," the " Diary of a
Physician," and last, though by no means least memorable,
the dramatic narrative " Now and Then," in the course
of a lecture delivered in the hall of the Law Society, in
Chancery-lane, said, " a short time ago, a gentleman of
large fortune, a man, in fact, worth his £40,000, was in-
dignant with his only child, a daughter, for marrying
against his wishes. He quarrelled with her—he disin-
herited her—he left his whole property of £40,000 to his
attorney, and to two other gentlemen, all of whom were
residing in Yorkshire. What did the attorney do ? He
went to his two co-legatees, got them to sign their re-
spective claims over to himself, and then made over every
sixpence of the £40,000 to the daughter and her chil-
dren ! " The above gratifying circumstance is literally
true. The gentleman of fortune was a manufacturer in a
town celebrated for its linen manufactures within the
district of the circulation of this paper, and the disin-
terested attorney is one of the brightest ornaments of his
profession in the West Riding of Yorkshire.

June 20, 1848.

A disgraceful attempt has been made in London, by
number of blackguards, to prevent the French c0nn13811.2
who have taken Drury-lanetheatre from tieing heard. Doe,'
Macready felt this insult to the foreign artists so actlteialt
that he addressed a letter to the manager, stating th
" not only on the stage and in society, but from veal
many artists of the various theatres in Paris, I experien
the most gratifying and liberal attentions. It is wit,
equal pain and surprise I have heard of the disreputable
proceedings at Drury-lane." The row, which corinnenee
on Monday, was continued on Wednesday night.
FATAL AFFRAY.—An inquest was held on Thurstlt
at the New Inn, at Longford, near Glocester, on tat
body of a Mr. Organ, a respectable inhabitant of tho
city, whose death was occasioned in the following Of
ner :—Mr. Organ had been dining with a convivial ON
celebrating the anniversary of a society of which he was
member, at the New Inn. He left the house to go bOl
somewhat exhilarated by the good cheer of which lieba
partaken, when he was insulted by three fellows of dist:s
imitable character, one of them a returned transport, eeei,
a pugilistic contest was about to commence, when a four'
person, named Rudge, a man of very indifferent champ'
ter, came up and struck Mr. Organ a blow which felled
him to the ground. He was carried into the New
but it was discovered that life was nearly extinct, SO ",
expired in half an hour. The men were taken into rtv
tody, but succeeded in getting away from the policed
Rudge and another were subsequently re-captured, as
are in custody. The inquest was postponed.
IMPORTANT TO PUBLICANS.—RESTRICTION OF In:
SALE OF BEER, &C.—The Earl of Harrowby has leicelf-e
the table of the House of Lords a bill, which has D'
read a second time, intitled "an act for regulatineet`e-43e
sale of beer and other liquors on the Lord's Day." -1,1:e
bill is a very short one ; and after reciting that " whereas
the prohibition against licensed victuallers and other Pei.
sons in London, Liverpool, Manchester, and Newcastle:
upon-Tyne opening their houses before the hour of on;
o'clock in the afternoon on the Lord's Day has beet()
found to be attended with great benefits," it proceed,eo
enact " that no licensed victualler or other person so:'
open his house for the sale of wine, spirits, beer, or otil'
fermented or distilled liquors, or sell the same, on Suni
days, Christmas Day, or Good Friday, before the hour or
one in the afternoon, except refreshment for travellers, °
for supplying the wants of any person or persons wl3°
shall usually victual there." It also enacts "that even,'
person so offending against this act shall be liable to 0
penalty of not less than twenty shillings, nor more that;
fifty shillings, for every such offence; and every separate
sale shall be deemed a separate offence."
JUVENILE WRETCHEDNESS AND CRIMINALITY V!
LONDON.—Lord Ashley state that the number of theFels
30,000 at the least. From an analysis of a portion of the
class, he deduced the c haracter of the whole. In fiftee„
,"
ragged schools—and it should be remembered that on,
,
the best of their order are attracted to the school—theft;
are 1,600 pupils, from five to seventeen years of age, 't
regular attendance. Of these, 162 have confessed 05
they had been in prison several times-116 had run awe 2
from home-170 slept in lodging-houses, nests of
abomination-253 admitted that they lived altogether 7
begging-216 had no shoes or stockings-280 had no'ca%
hats, or bonnets-101 bairn() linen-249 never slept in
bed. Some of the children could not remember °ref
having slept in a bed in their lives ! Those who have
occupation other than begging and thieving, seli
matches in the streets, sweep crossings, hold horses, tl"e.
so forth ; and when they cannot afford the price of T,
miserable lodging, sleep, in inclement weather, in oo" a
ways, under arches, sheds, porticos, in yards, stables °
out-houses--where no rich man would suffer his doeto
lie at night. From this class, too long unknown and ne.
giected, springs up inevitably the great body of our prim
nal offenders. lc
TRAVELLING SWINDLERS. —The Devon ~„--1
states that two individuals, having the appearance r,
gentlemen, arrived in Teignmouth last week, and tooktir,
their abode at the Devon Arms. One of them, an egreee,e
able person, took a seat in the tradesmen's room on he
same evening, and immediately joined in gossip•
conversation was humourous, his appearance and ad'u.'";,
bespoke a man who had seen life, and he was echo° t.
'edged to be excellent company. He dined at f°l",'
smoked his pipe, ate a pint of strawberries for suPP4
and with his friend, who was less interesting, but eett3..ye
respectable, retired for the night. Evening after crenite
many tradesmen retired from the fatigue of businesseo
spend an hour or two at the Devon Arms, listening to id,
details of travels and adventures so pleasantly describeee
They were on equally agreeable terms with the host, °for
everything which they ordered was placed to account ,he
future settlement. At length, a pleasure party over td;
bar in a yacht was proposed. The strangers were lovit,fte
the host was to accompany them and be caterer•
ah,,
day came on Wednesday, when the party were all reEeLle
with the exception of the strange gentlemen, who, unt:rie
tunately could not accompany them, one being
the other obliged to watch the progress of his dispost%er
The party went. The strangers also went, but aill'ieea
way. The indisposed gentleman got better about elev
o'clock, and his watchful friend proposed a ride on horsed
back. They ordered dinner at five o'clock, and star.,:,
for their ride, but they never rode back, nor have t,13
been seen in Teignmouth since. A leather trunk, w117,,t
they could not conveniently take away, was left betel
and the next day the landlord shook it but found it enaptY.
SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF CHOLERA IN CIRCAssI:_
—At the meeting of the Medico-Botanical Society,
tin
of the Russian forces in Circassia, and from Dr. A-n 6;
Thursdayreceived f
rnoinighpt
rince vvG,uotrherti, readzow,
the
e lettersem ewmbni which c,riceef,
osky, his physician, detailing a new ani successful PLI
of treating this formidable disease. It would appear tila
the Prince's attention was first drawn to the matter bYt
noticing that a certain regiment of Cossacks suffered hu.,
slightly from cholera as compared with the other trooPs_e
On inquiry of the colonel, he learned that the recoveare:l
the Cossacks was attributed to the use of an elixir cwtt tie;
the Elixir of Woronege—a preparation of a somewhat
quackish description, the principal important ingr
of which was naphtha. Dr. Andreosky, findi"g buts
tity of elixir in possession of the colonel to be
dmeitiedrcmaisneesdotfochtroylenraapalnitdhaofbyitsel
successful with these, he administered it in found it
severe cases with equal advantage, and finallY The
effect a cure even during the most extreme collapses. a.
dose which he gave was from 10 to 15 and 20 drops;:„
glassful of wine, repeated if the first dose did not re
,',tel;
on the stomach, or if the symptoms required it, villa,
was not often the case. The naphtha used in the Iltrstee
army is not the ordinary naphtha of the shops, buts'ee
mineral naphtha obtained from Beker, on the shores choleraicf diliaerrtt,
the Caspian. It should be of a white or rose colour, tie,
used without previously undergoing the process of diseej
lation. Mr. Guthrie stated, in conclusion, that he „tet
sent to Circassia to procure a bottle of this naphtha,d's of
when he had received it, he would place it in the ho tot
au„:isleepdrornivtoinreing
the secretary, that the members might be able to age'.
precisely what are its properties. Fer
A SUBTERRANEAN FIRE.—At Lower Haugh nearesire
therham, on the estate of Earl Fitzwilliam, an exte; in
bed of coal beneath the village is on fire, and has heeteret
that condition, burning with greater or less intensityee out
least twenty yea's. The coal in certain places basse"tieit
—that is; it comes up to the surface of the ground; °o-
wes at one of these basoets that the fire originally for
menced, having been ignited by a " clamp "—(a fir sab'
burning stones intended for road materials). Tueeiree'
terranean fire les continued to advaece in various uifest
tions up to the present time, its progress being want 00
by the appearance at intervals of smoke and flames ueeen
surface of the ground ; the spread of which has eaes
generally stopped, however. by puddling the erill). '4O,
with clay, &c. A feeling of apprehension as to theeeen,
mate fate of the village has always continued to Prtrile'
and it is stated that a good many years ago the des 05
tion of the mausoleum of the Wentworth family, the
threatened by the approach of the fire, but haPPibeibieli
calamity was averted by severing the bed of coal, tbror];
the
_
purpose a shaft was especially sunk. Latterly, Jo
of destruction appears to have been going on w,ecl
wonted rapidity, and, naturally enough, has crew. two
corresponding degree of alarm. Our informant saisci,
so
beautiful detached cottages, the foundation of whi" rail
ceasedn e
quiteh underminedtoseparated,b e occupied
andnd ;
tsti sunk
twthat
ionofgnoennoel ruobsf
tot thhheacof themvoettot ugtibbo
t 1060:,
down had not means been resorted to for keeping 'hue
gether. The ground, in several large tracts, is one Stroh
hotbed, and where the heat is not so intense as to det in
vegetation, the villagers turn it to very good accottneeee
raising early crops of vegetables. Peas were seer', po'
weeks ago flourishing luxuriantly in the open air ; se'
tatoes are so forward, that one crop has been alr
eueY
cured, and a second crop got into the ground. Tn).ter,
posed earth is quite warm even in the depth lewNlNTilielf
The unnatural heat engenders a disagreeable
health ; an
doubtless to the detriment of animal
rro
houses in the wcrst localities are often filled with wea,ete.
strongly charged with sulphur, rendering them, as livsur'ee
tions, little better than a coal-pit. The cellars are, ,_utee
MOVING A HOUSE.—Within the last fortnigot4, el
is continually ascending and adulterating thesmatomo6dheti;
Americans have been outdone in this kind of Nr°,lseiclu
Messrs. Ransome and May's, Orwell Foundry, Ine 10,
where a brick-built house, two stories high, 26 feeVeeet,
has been moved a distance of 70 feet, and raised ef,
without sustaining the slightest crack in the wells utoofs
re cc
ings, or even in the papering of the rooms. The,,,eeenee
was accomplished under the direction and superin,e teow'
of Mr. Worby, the manager of the works ; and tueteeser,
operandi seems to have been this :—A series of .Pepeor'be
1 inches square, was first made through the bele rot°.
close to the ground, at intervals of three feet, oieeeri'i:
the house. Through these holes were inserted cal; ear
or pieces of timber about four feet long, and tilds ecx:
inside and out, having been cleared away, the entee ree
made to rest on blocks of wood ; so that duringuei
moval of the foundation, the superstructure w_eeee tee
entirely on them. The next operation was to reimteeb
foundation, and to lay in its place long pieces .fe 01' le
11 inches square ; these had a coat of mortar laid to te,
bed for the I rickwork, and were then lifted
walls, forming a kind of framework, on which, tneveci.,
levers and blocks being removed, the house i;eo43l,Piii
firmly as it did on its original foundation. Thee beers
was then raised to the required height, one ova
elevated at a time, and a number of longitudinela 0100,
of great strength laid underneath, and continue aid
the ground as far as the new foundation. As utol inert
tionary measure the sides of the house were boe tletel4
1 means of stout plinks run up at the angles, alweeleinP„er
together with iron rods. The whole of this utte
work occupied some time to complete, the w ita`'ge their
turning to it when they had nothing else to e9Fee
The timbers, along which the house was to slid bro 7„;.?
been well greased, three bottle-jack screws were
to bear upon one end of the framework, and ti,leig
of locomotion commenced. The rate of tracetiejo,.3o
about one foot in five minutes, but as a long, o,ot
curred each time the screws were refixed alio!. !Lee !°V,
play, play, not more than 25 feet could be accoe poiridao
day. The house is now standing on its second!, l'qi` beg
none the worse for the experiment to which "
subjected.—Sreolk Chronicle.

June 20, 1848,

348.

WEST AND EAST INDIA COLONIES.

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On Tuesday, pursuant to a requisition, numerously and
tespectably signed by bankers, merchants, and traders of
Liverpool, the Mayor convened a public meeting of the
Ihhabitants of the borough at the Session's-house, Chapel-
atreet, for the purpose, as stated in the requisition, " of
tonsidering the late measures of the government in con-
nexion with the East and West India Sugar Colonies, and
bow far they have been effective in carrrying out the views
contemplated by the Slavery Abolition Acts; and also to
consider the expediency of giving our approval and sup-
Pert to the resolutions recently moved and carried, in
reference thereto, by our member, Sir Thomas Birch, in
committee of the House of Commons." At twelve
o'clock the Mayor, T. B. Horsfall, Esq., appeared upon
the platform, and took the chair amid rapturous and pro-
longed cheering from every part of the spacious building.
On his right and left we noticed a great number of our
leading merchants and tradesmen.
The TOWN-CLERK commenced the proceedings by
reading the requisition which bad been sent to the Mayor.
The MAYOR then rose and said,—Gentlemen, I have
ozonvened the present meeting on the same principle on
which I have convened several others for the purpose of
affording the inhabitants of this town the opportunity of
Expressing, in a legitimate and constitutional manner,
tr opinions on passing events, whether those events are
f.arcumstances connected with the commerce of this coun-
Rl', or whether they are connected with British philan-
La.,..ropY. (Cheers.)
Mr. F. SHAND, in moving the first resolution, contended
that the act passed for the abolition of slavery in 1833
had failed in its anticipated effects. He complained that
the, great measure then propounded had so far signally
failed; and that not because it was not practicable—not
because it ought not to have succeeded—but because there
had been no pains taken, because there had been no efforts
made. by those who had the power, to give it success.
He said it was because, after the act was passed. a change
took place in the councils of the nation, and inconsistent,
unreasonable, and unjust demands were made from the
colonial proprietors. Mr. Shand, after some other ob-
servations' continued :—" I find that in 1833, the year in
Which the abolition act was passed, the growth of sugar
amounted to 3,646,205 cwt. ; at which time Lord Stanley
a* that so much had the quantity produced exceeded
InndvaenTs"ption, that he really thought it would be an
made advantage to the West Indies if they made less. They
and he'sUaoil3,l3tO? y would get
beyond the consumption,
Let me
they higher prices if they made
less. Let me observe, that from 1834 till 1840, a system
of regulated labour, under the name of apprenticeship,
was to have been established. I find that the average
returns for the next four years were very little less than
in 1833. They amounted, on the average—and there is
not much difference, the last being rather the most, to
3,488,363 cwt. But in 1838, by, I must say, an extraor-
dinary caprice of legislation—a shameful violation of the
compact of 1834—the apprenticeship was abruptl-;, with-
out any consideration to the planters at all, put an end to.
What was the consequence of this act ? The consequence
was that in the three following years the return fell off
from 2,824,372 cwt., to 2,214,764 cwt., and in 1841 to
2,147,218 cwt. ; making a difference of more than
1,100,000 cwt. annually. Results like these certainly
called forth many complaints. They led also to the most
vigorous efforts on the part of the colonists, who sought
in every part of the world, and made many struggles, to
obtain labourers for their deserted fields. Without stop-
Ping now to count the cost of so doing, I will refer to the
consequent result. In 1842, which was the last of three
Years during which they had exercised the greatest dili-
gence in procuring additional labourers, the production of
sugar, which had fallen to 2,148,000 cwt., rose to 2,531,725
cwt.. and went on increasing, with the exception of 1846,
Which was a very dry year, till in 1847 it again reached
3.202,775 cwt. I may add at this point, too, that the
ast Indies and Mauritius had not been standing still.
They had come on with giant strides. So that in 1847
the production of British sugar alone equalled, within a
trifle, the whole consumption of Great Britain. I might
discuss at some length many of the modes in which the
Measures of the colonists themselves were thwarted by
the Government. But I have limited myself to this one
fact, and it is the fact on which I ground my complaint,
that the system of free labour has never had fair play,
and that it has given such evidence of success that it
nught not to be abandoned at the present moment. And
Yet abandoned it must be—l say, abandoned it must be,
if the British colonies be left to the operation of the Act
-of 1846. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) I said before that
,
Would
set aside the cost, yet I cannot but bring it to
`near in favour of my argument. I must now add, that
the outlay of procuring labourers, and paying such very
high wages, and in attempting the improvement, cultiva-
tion, and manufacture of sugar has been so enormous
that, great as you considered the compensation to have
been, and high as you recollect the price of sugar was,
Yet it has all been expended through these channels, and
We must fall if we are to be brought into competition with
'the foreign slave dealer—the man who grows sugar under
the Act of 1846. We did pledge ourselves under the
Emancipation Act to an honest effort to make free labour
successful. And I say we have not done so ; that we
have not allowed it fair play; and I do not think this
nation has done justice to the undertaking which they
then entered upon.
CHARLES LAWRENCE, Esq., briefly seconded the reso-
lution, which, together with all the others carried on this
occasion, as well as the memorial of the House of Com-
mons, and the amendments proposed, seconded and re-
jected, will be found in our advertising columns.
Mr. W. RATHBONE, seconded by Mr. C. HOLLAND,
moved an amendment to the first resolution, which was
put and lost.

Mr. ADAM HODGSON proposed the second resolution,
and in doing so said, we ask that the expectation which
Was held out by the minister of the day, and which was
supposed by the West Indians to be guaranteed by all that
Was binding in those arguments of morality—all that was
'enduring in those pleas of humanity—all that was sacred
in those considerations of religion—that that expectation
should be fulfilled. Now, what was that expectation ?
That he should be in a measure sustained while passing
through the transition stage of a difficult experiment ;
that he should be supported till the new social system
should be consolidated, and that he should have the honest

• d cordial co-operation of the British people while carry-
ing out the new, and, as the West Indian alleged, the ha-
`2ardous experiment of the untried mode of cultivation you
had forced upon him. This was what was asked, and as
an honest man I ask of you to afford this. I ask it as an
abolitionist. I ask it as an Englishman anxious for fair
Play, and that our engagements to the West Indian should
be fulfilled. I am persuaded that the more the question
la understood, the more you will find the country true to
herself, true to the memory of the great men I have men-
tioned; true to their eloquent efforts of twenty, thirty, or
forty years for the abolition of the slave trade and slavery
--You will find that the country, true to herself, to her
Princ
of
iples, to British feelings, will never acquiesce—never
long and permanently acquiesce in a course legislation at
Variance with her expectations, her consistency, her cha-
racter, and her religion—(much applause.)
The Rev. THOMAS NOLAN, in seconding the resolution
alluded to the question as being one of cip-mnon humanity
as regards the negro, and one of common justice to the
West India planter. The measure of 1846 has had the
effect of stimulating the slave trade. The importation of
slaves, as had been proved by Mr. Hodgson, had been
'doubled as compared with 1844 and 1845. In addition
to the proof afforded by the previous speaker, Mr. Nolan
quoted the evidence of Dr. Cliffe to the effect, that the
Only Brazilian ship that ever captured a slaver was com-
manded by an Englishman, and he was dismissed the ser-
vice, and that since the West Indian islands have been
crushed, the sugar plantations of Brazil have risen up to
a large extent. On such evidence, and there was abun-
dance of a similar kind, were they inconsistent as aboli-
;Waists in seeking for a modification or a repeal of that
.a," which had aggravated all the iniquity against which
!l'e3, protested. England as a nation was guilty of it : let
It /lot be charged on the West Indians. It was England's
the
it had the sanction of England : it was supported by
Lae nation. Let the nation be just. That is the great
Found ; and we take the next, the anomalous position
ngland places herself in. She is wasting the flower of
fi,er navy in guarding the poisonous estuaries of the African
slave coast, at the very time that by her legislative enact-
ments at home she is holding out a premium that renders
hPutting down of slavery impossible. I recollect, Sir,
-raving heard—and in this company I shall be easily cor-
rected if I am wrong—that so long as the premium or duty
20 any an article exceeded such a per tentage on its value,
t 9, put down smuggling in that article was impossible.
Now the premium on slave sugar by the act of 1846 is so
great, it stimulates so much that it will be impossible to
Put down that most abhorrent of all systems of smuggling
that traffic in the lives of responsible beings like ourselves,
the creation of the same God. This is the great ground
to which we come • and if we speak feelingly—and why
Should we not ?—of one portion of our community, the
West India interest, and it is a mighty one, let us not be
understood to include the West India proprietors alone.
I. look on the negro as his dependLn' : and I regard
their interests as inseparable. One (ma° prosper by
the detriment of the other ; and that plilosophy, or
Political economy, or whatever you may please to
tbU it, must issue in ruin, that attempts to elevate
a labourer, whether white or black, at the expense
Eto the prejudice of the man who employs him.
ire I sit down, I will make one observation that will, I
Be°Pe, cause a thrill through the heart of every man pre-
yotit, for I address you as free-born Englishmen who love
Ivity Country. I hope the insignificance of the speaker
av, not detract from the importance of the remark he is
"out to make. I speak to Englishmen who have en-
wrd the shelter and protection of that blessing and mercy
Inhick God has given to your country. I ask you to recal
ikiulind the blessingsextended to your own highly favoured
Carlyand to remember that God has honoured her in
ways and has extended to her the blessings of a
Christian people, a preached Gospel, and a righteous law.
upon
you have, and everything you are, depends
col 11 the fostering blessing of God. Your ships, your
Ea°,,res, Your commerce,—those great pillars upon which
er4land's greatness stands, and stands the envy and
134—ation of the globe,—these are some of her blessings.
tied stands unrivalled in the annals of the civilized world,
thos'-'red wishes us to make use of the means to uphold
at he countries that he in mercy hath given to us. Look
Wretciece9Mpliment paid to your country during the recent
h,
p°, if I may so call it, of foreign kingdoms. See the
11041 e that you have enjoyed here ! England is freedom's
)'es,', • (`` No, no," followed by vehement cries of " Yes,
is fr.applause.) I said, sir,
ing but and I repeat it that she
Iler -eu°ol's home ! and that noth a suicidal act of
Yea own can ever bear the arms of England down ! Do
frotrittek a proof ? Is there a foreign monarch banished
tederidtakuthrone ? Where does he seek for a home but
Elige noble flag and mighty arms of magnificent
tißhtndl
Whose was the arm that stretched across the
-ea! deep and that snapped the African's chains ?
the co agland loves freedom at home and abroad ; and
gneanirs forward now in the representative of one of
44 to hits greatest men—l mean the English merchant,
" Past measures stultified, but to require that

the spirit and letter of the act of 1833 may be fully carried
out. lam speaking of English merchants; and I fear-
lessly maintain that they are a pride and credit to the
country to which they belong. Is not the name of a
British merchant a synonym for taintless honour ? Does
it not awaken the thought of intelligent enterprise, in-
domitable industry, incorruptible integrity ; and are not
these terms the most mighty and exalted amongst men.
(" Question.") I am speaking to the question. I am
speaking of those merchants who are the upholders of
ships, colonies, and commerce; and allow me to beseech
you and all around me, by the name of your common
country, to adhere to the principles which have made
England great amongst the nations ! Yes ! the greatness
of England depends upon the manner in which she holds
by the faith and integrity of her representatives in foreign
lands, the honour, spirit, truth, and valour of all those
names which are unmeaning until you localise them in
association with the name of England ! Remember
that God that made England great ! Seek your own
real interests by studying His will ! Remember Him and
say—"o, that we had walked in the way of His com-
mandments. Then our righteousness had been as a
river, and our peace as the waves of the sea. Happy are
the people that are in such a state ; yea, blessed are the
people that have the Lord for their God !" The rev.
gentleman resumed his seat amid vehement applause,
which was repeated at almost every sentence of his
admirable address, of which the above gives but a few
detached portions.
THOMAS THORNELT, Esq., I\LP., said :—Sir, the rev.
gentleman who has last spoken has addressed the meeting
with great feeling and ability, but I do say that that gen-
tleman has gone very far wide of the mark by supposing
that Lord George Bentinck's committee, in the measures
founded on their report, are to exclude slave-grown sugar.
I am as old an abolitionist as any man of my age, and
from my infancy I detested slavery ; but I declare that it
is totally impossible to destroy the slave trade by prohi-
biting the importation of foreign produce. We, of the
town of Liverpool, who are the greatest importers of the
cotton of the United States,—why, we import three-
fourths of the whole produce of the slave labour of Ame-
rica. And we import a very great quantity of tobacco,
the produce entirely of America ; and the rice grown in
the southern states of America is also the produce of slave
labour. Sir, I have as strong a sympathy as any one for
the distresses of the West Indians, but let me remind this
meeting that these distresses are by no means of recent
date. And let me say a word about the management of
the West Indian estates. Why, the West Indian estates
were always under mortgage. I never heard of one that
was not mortgaged ; and some houses in Bristol to whom
they were mortgaged sent their own ships out, charged
high freights (higher than they can charge when the navi-
gation laws are repealed), and these charges were so
great that it seemed to me extraordinary how the sugar
could be grown for the price it was and the proprietor
not be in embarrassed circumstances. And indeed there
is something about the cultivation of the West Indies
that deserves a passing notice. Now I have many friends
among the West Indian proprietors, and they have com-
plained to me about the embarrassed condition of their
estates. "Did you ever see your estate ?" said Ito them.
"Oh dear, no !" they replied. " Well," said I, " you
are a planter there—that is, a farmer; you have never
been within five thousand miles of your estate, and yet
you expect that estate to bring you in a great revenue."
Why, the thing is almost impossible. What would you
think if a farmer in the neighbourhood of Liverpool was
to live in Jamaica ? I admit the difficulties of the West
.0 lion pronrietors, but there are parties at home also
suffering great difficulties. The cotton manufacturer is
in great difficulties. I believe his present embarrassment
is owing to the unsettled condition of Europe. But in
their embarrassments they do not tax the West Indians,
and why should you tax all the people of England for the
sake of any particular interest ? Now, in 1842, the du-
ties on British sugars being 225. per cwt., our prices
besides were 245. above the price at which sugars of equal
quality were selling in this market. The revenue paid
that year was £4,000,000, and an additional payment of
£4,000,000 for the West India planters. Now, in that
year I received a letter from Wolverhampton, the borough
which I have the honour to represent, from a grocer; and
the grocer said—" I beg to inform you that, owing to the
enormous price of sugar, there is no demand for it for
preserving fruit, and the people living about here are
unable to get any remuneration for the fruit they have
grown, inasmuch as they cannot afford to buy sugar to
preserve their fruit." We got over that evil, and got
over it as well as we could ; but the time has gone by for
taxing one section of the country for the support of ano-
ther. I grieve over the distresses of the West Indies ; I
grieve over the distresses of any part of the country, at
home or abroad; but I do protest, on behalf of the peo-
ple of the country at large, and on behalf of my own
constituents, against paying a tax for the sake of putting
a certain amount of money into the pockets of the growers
of sugar. I wish just to make one remark upon the re-
port of the Parliamentary Committee, which has been
already quoted from by Mr. Hodgson. I beg the meeting
not to understand that that report is the unanimous re-
port of the committee. I believe the main report was
carried by but a small majority.—Mr.Thornely concluded
by moving the amendment.
Mr. C. ROBERTSON, in seconding it, said the simple
question before the meeting was this—are the consumers
of this country, men, women, and children, to pay on
every pound of sugar a tax of one penny for the support
of parties connected with West India property ? and is it
a measure demanded by a sense of justice at home, by
the labouring population of the colonies, and by the
colonies at large ?
The resolution was carried.
The Rev. Dr. M`NEILE next addressed the meeting at
great length, and amidst repeated bursts of applmige. Tn
moving the resolution, he said, " I beg to say in the first
place that it is not as an opponent of the principles of free
trade that I address the meeting. (Cheers.) On the
contrary, I am free to say, that if this world of ours was
in such a condition that the principles of free trade could
be carried out fully, fairly, and universally, I would not
only most gladly agree with it, but most cordially rejoice
in it. If it could be carried out fully, without reserve ;
fairly without partiality ; and universally, without excep-
tion. (Hear, hear, and applause.) The most captivating
theory has been presented to this nation, with a very vi-
cious, because partial, application of it. (Applause.) The
effect has been electrical. I don't wonder at the success
that has attended the hon member for the West Riding.
(Hear and applause.) He propounded the theory I allude
to, to the nation, with a very partial application made at
the time—the exponent of that partial application confin-
ing it at the time to one particular subject, corn. (No,
no ; yes, yes. A voice—read his speeches; another voice
—he has read them long ago,.to your sorrow.) The
sophism, the sophism I say was not perceived. That it is
a sophism I think it will presently appear, because to this
hour the lion. gentleman is not prepared to go the whole
way. (" Yes he is.") Very well; I must continue my
story though. The nation did not perceive the sophism ;
The practical difficulties in the way of carrying out thetheory
were not felt to be such as should abate the stimulus given
by the theory itself. (Hear.) The golden prize appeared
within reach ; the right hon. Baronet the member for
Tamworth was converted—(oh, oh, and cheers)—and the
majority of the House of Commons was surrendered at
discretion ; perhaps 1 might say without discretion.
(Laughter and loud applause.) I wish to speak in excel-
lent good humour, as well as good taste ; therefore I shall
say, they surrendered to the peace-promising, illustrious
Richard. (Loud laughter.) Well, sir, what I complain
of is this, that the hon. gentleman did not propose to go
the whole way with his theory. (A voice, " Yes he did.")
He applied it to corn, as he thinks, with success; he is ap-
plying it. and is sanguine of success, to shipping ; but why
stop with corn and shipping—why not apply it to sugar ?
(A voice, "He does.") He is willing to apply it to sugar ;
be it so. He says, " Have free trade in sugar, and you
will have cheap sugar as you have cheap corn." Now,
the gentleman who seconded the last amendment made an
enumeration of this kind. I was surprised at his stopping
with sugar also. Why stop with sugar—why not apply it
to the machinery with which cheap sugar is produced ?
(Hear.) Is he prepared to go the whole way now,—free
trade in slaves .7 (A voice—" No, no,"—" Yes, yes."
Reiterated cheering.) (A voice—" Slavery is not free
trade.") Is the bon. gentleman, or any of his friends
who move and second the amendments at a great public
demonstration of this kind, prepared to come before the
public and avow what one has now said, go all the way
with free trade, even to the machinery which makes sugar ?
(A voice—" Certainly.") Then let England know that—
let the people of England understand that. (Applause.)
Has the hon. gentleman such entire confidence in his
system, in his principle, that he is willing, I ask again, to
apply it not. only to the produce, but to the mode of pro-
ducing ? Why then, if so, and if his friends be true to
those principles, let him rise in Isis place in parliament,
sure of the support of the country, and let him call upon
the government to remove our blockading squadron from
the coast of Africa altogether. If he be sincere in saying
that restriction in anything must be protection to some-
thing, why then let him remove the restriction from the
West Indies. They do not and they cannot smuggle men
from the coast of Africa, and that restriction is a protec-
tion to the Portuguese, who do smuggle men. (Loud ap-
plause.) Let those gentlemen, then, call upon the govern-
ment to repeal the Negro mancipation Act of 1833,
which they are bound to denounce as an iniquitous inva-
sion of the liberty of the West Indies, to get the cheapest
labour they can find. (Cheers.) Now, I will suppose at
the early period of the hon. gentleman's career to whom I
have already alluded—when he was making an honourable
independence at Stockport—l will suppose he had dis-
covered a species of machinery unrivalled for the produc-
tion of printed calicoes, much desired both in the home
and foreign market • I will suppose for some reason or
other an act of parliament was passed suppressing that
machinery, and that a posse of constables was sent to the
mill at Stockport to prevent its introduction into the mill.
Sir, with what indignant eloquence would not the hon,
gentleman have denounced such a restriction as an abomi-
nation—a treason against free trade in machinery, as well
as in printed calicoes. (Hear, hear.) What, then, it will
be asked, do I advocate the extension of free trade so far
as to advocate the revival of the slave trade ? (Hear,
hear.) No ; but I tell you what I do. I show, I think,
very fairly, by thus driving the argument to the extreme,
its absurdity, if fully carried out—l show that the princi-
ple of free trade, fully, fairly, and universally carried out,
is inapplicable to a world like ours—a chequered world,
where adjustments are to be made—where compensations,
balances—considerations delicately to be investigated, and
carefully to be harmonised, are to be taken into account,
the utmost we can do is to approximate the desired per-
fection. (Loud applause.) And if you can only approx-
imate in the removal of restriction, you should only ap-
proximate, and should attempt no more in the removal of
protection. (Hear, and loud applause.) Suppose it has
been found, as a vice of the machinery I alluded to just
now, that it cat .the fingers of every man, woman, and
child employed at the mill; and suppose that the people
or the parliament of England rose in their majesty and
said, " We won't have printed calicoes, however cheap, if
stained with human Mooch put them away ;" they would
make the cases parallel.. And would that be a case fqr