The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-07-25 00:00:00

great toe, and often inflames from.increased walkin

and, from the bending of the joint at every step, painful
pressure is made on the inflamed and cushiony cluster of

art of setting down and raising the foot on the ground.
22. .Chilblains must not be passed over, though this is
not the place to ,enter upon any scientific statement or
curative details, other than a very simple allusion to
their cause and cure. Damp and cold, conjoined with a
constitutional aptitude, as languid circulation, &c., ar,
the remote and near causation ; extremes of tc -ti-

mpera
suddenly experienced, spirituous potations, and sedentary
habits, increase greatly the tendency to such. The feet
should be kept dry, and of an uniform temperature. The
subjoined quotation is so much to the point, that it ought

not here to be omitted, from an author from whose work
several of these early hints are culled :—" Sportsmen,
therefore, in snipe or grouse shooting on the moors, may
always avoid them (chilblains) by a careful attention to
the dryness of their feet, both during the period of their
day's sport and after their return ; but let them remem-
ber that the feet, if damped only by perspiration, are as

)1. a horny developement of the outer or scarf
inguage epidermis—arising from united pressure
, car, nn an irritation in the spot (being a law of

a bard tubercle with a crown and

roux. as It, IS 11.11p1,pc1 1, GN•
I, the crown or head is flat and rough unless polished by
against the shoe—the stem is conizal, horny, and pointed,
ay be two or three stems—the points of which piercing down
quite through the true under-skin, and sometimes

rabbi
there
towards or

penetrating the capsull of ajoint when seated over such, cause the
well known exquisite pain by irritating the delicate expansion of
nervous fibrils with wich the skin &c. in every part of the body is
beautifully supplied. They are chiefly classed into hard and soft.
The latter being of the same structure as the former, only from
being situate in a part where they are kapt moist hresent their cha-
racteristic softness and marceration of crown,in fact; the hard corn is
most commonly on the outside of the little toe, where the principal
pressure with friction of the shoe cccurs. The sides of the nails,
the sole, and the heel, are obnoxious. also to these pests of the feet.
From what has been stated it will be evident that to cut off the head
of the corn is only a temporary relief, and not a radical cure—this
is only accomplished by cautiously digging out the tail or stem,
wsich may be seen with a magnifier, and which any steady handed
person may do for themselves by the folowing method, which can
be only very briefly described in this already prolonged but useful
note :—put a drop of oil on the corn (where soaking in hot water and
rubbing with a rough towel or the finger nail will
.not remove it—

only practicable in an infant corn)—with a pen knife cut away a
little of the head, if very large and protuberant—then cut cautiously
round it so as to loosen it by degrees out of its bed, and thus to clear
the stem at last by means of grubbing round it as you would do in
ng out apiece ofstickfrozen in the ice—a sharp pointed bodkin
accessible instrument to the generality of people, though an
r the lancet pointed quadrille of the chiropo-
delicately and dexterously employed the point
t at, when it may be forced up, lifting at the
,y the fingers, or far better a small pair of
~.,_zers—thus with care and without pain may
t literally and figuratively is, he removed. Not a
ild be drawn—and if all the stem or stems(where
licated by dint of patience
t will test the success of

same tie

forceps

drop of bi

mined from all pain
Fart and round the toe
tters skin, or oil-silk, and leave undis.
le plaster should be removed : first, ex.
)bserred to have been left--thusguard.
(the cause—a complete cure may be ef.

welcome relief

Lyn by redness arennd

liable to the disease as if the wet Were to penetrate
through their shoes or boots. Care must, therefore,
always be taken to dry the feet oa return from shooting,
before any refreshment is taken, and most especially
before the feet are placed near a fire."l. It is better
to walk up and down a room after drying wet feet or
cold feet, than to put them before the grate to be toasted.
Gentle friction with flesh brush, horse-hair scrubbing
brush, and the use of such stimulating applications as
brandy, whiskey, turpentine, can de Cologne, campho-
rated spirits of wine, &c., will often dismiss the promise
of " itchy chilblains." if inflamed and very tender,
cooling lotions will be best. A little acetate of lead
solution (sugar of lead) in rose-water, or equal parts of
acetate of ammonia solution and rose-water, or common
water, or brandy or vinegar and water, or rubbing with
snow in winter, may be resorted to. Enveloping the
part in oiled silk will be of great service and comfort
after the employment of foregoing. The progress of a
chilbhain, if not discussed early, is to form a blister,
which bursts, and developes a troublesome, sluggish
ulcer, that, in addition to soothing and digestive appli-
cations, often calls for constitutional remedies, which
must be here left as belonging to the province of the
family medical attendant ; only, every pedestrian should
know the outline of those common annoyances, which
may, at any period of his rambles, bring him up for a
day or two's rest at some little country inn, where physic
is not likely to be the first-rate qualification of the gude-
wife, and yet it may be that no other " medical skill " is
is within reach.

23. The nails are generally quiet in their behaviour,
or, at least, may be kept so by the scissors ; however,
a word need not be despised hereupon. If they are suf-
fered to grow too long, they have in the foot an especial
tendency to grow downwards and inwards or backwards,
often causing serious discomfort, either by " growing
into the flesh" at the sides, or by the pressure made
upon them by the upper leather of the shoe. On the
other hand, if too short, they do not defend the pulpy
extremities of the toes, the exquisite endowment of
which, with a minute nervous network for maintaining
great sensibility there, whereby danger may be warned
to the body, would be diminished : both too long and too
short may interfere with the firmness of the step by im-
peding that due expansion of the toes, whereby the base of
the locomotive pivots extended is for further security. The
best mode of trimming them is by cutting them off
square, and not too short, lest the bed of the nail should
be injured. It is stated that hard walking" has actually
had the effect of forcing off the nails of the great toe,
attended by loss of blood from rupture of small vessels
connected with the epidermis" ! Nails will grow again

oes happen

xtreme cold wi

where t'iis ever
them to drop offtoo, as every one knows, being then " frost-
bitten."

lf, by the pressure of a shoe too short in long walking,
the corner of the nail (generally the great toe) has been
forced into the flesh, and become very painful, cutting
out such corner is not always the best plan, but, with a

piece of glass or knife edge, to scrape thin the convex
portion or back of the nail, from root to free the
edge. This will draw out the offending part, by the
middle of the nail having been thus artificially weakened,
so as to let the sides collapse nearer to each other. If
the nails are split or cracked, or injured by any accident,
fold them round with plaister, to defend them.
24. There is such a thing as "riding" of the toes, as
it is called. This is where one toe bends over its neigh-
bour, and is very prejudicial to good or long walking.
Such requires proper surgical advice and treatment,
unless where it is only beginning, and will submit to
being kept in its place by a ribbon interlaced amongst
the toes, so as to bind all in their places.
25. Sometimes the nails will hook round towards the
next, and this is not uncommon to a partial extent. It
is a source of much annoyance to the pedestrian,§ and
is to be remedied very differently from the way which he
would naturally adopt, viz., cutting away the hooking

part ; but he must cut often the opposite side, on the plan
of "flogging the willing horse." He will say, Posibly very
true ; but how, he will inquire, does it so happen
so ? It is replied, Because the more a nail (or the hair)
is cut, the faster it grows • and thus the hooking tendency
is counterbalanced. The science of medicine is not
without its analogous facts of a far more striking cha-
racter.ll The shoes must be neither tight over the toes
nor short in the length.

26. Immoderate'Perspiration will be the lot of some
few readers of these " Hints." This is an annoying
condition of the feet, though not unhealthy in itself,
whilst the odour is so disgusting where it is excessive.
It is needless to say that extreme cleanliness and neat-
ness is here of moral obligation and medical utility. Let
such avoid the.fi►Uy of attempting to check it, unless they
desire to pay the penalty of injured health thereby. Let
black stockings be avoided, for the dye increases the
disagreeable smell. Woollen should be always worn.
The feet should be very rarely washed, but wiped occa-
sionally with a moist, often with a dry, towel. Socks
should be often changed.

27. " As it often happens during the day that the
healthiest feet are affected with a redundant perspira-
tion," remarks the author of the " Art of Preserving
the Feet," " which feels inconvenient as the body cools,
it is always proper, as soon as exercise ceases, to change
butA. .tocAtogs and shoes, drying the feet hastily with
a proper towel, and using, at pleasure, the spirituous
sponge." By giving attention to these, and the follow-
ing quotation from an experienced military officer, Col.
Shaw,if the feet will be best provided to cape against
flinty roads and long exertion. The Colonel remarks—
" The great difficulty in walking is to keep the feet
in good order. This can be done if a little attention
he paid at the first. For some days before starting,
dip your feet in hot water as often as possible for a

few moments; then rub them quite dry. Let this be
done morning and evening, till you find the feet quite
free from a damp feeling. Provide yourself with a
good-sized tin box, full of the best yellow, or, as it is
called in some places, soft soap. It has something
the appearance of honey in the comb. Before start-
ing in the morning, rub the soles of the feet, especi-
ally about the heels and toes, well with the soap, until
it has the appearance of a good lather for shaving ;
and then put your woollen stockings on. Let this be

done every morning before starting, and you will find,
even in the hottest or wettest weather, you will be
able to do a great deal of work, and at the end of

the day find your feet cool and free from blisters.
Instead of washing the feet at the end of a journey,
rub them first with a damp cloth, and then dry them
completely. In some places on the Continent it is not
possible to get this soap ; but in almost every apothe-
cary's shop you can purchase stag fat, which does
very well : if you cannot get stag fat, buy goose fat
or hog's lard. With these fats I first rubbed the feet
with spirits, which is an improvement ; but nothing
will stand comparison with yellow soap. Have your
e stockings wasV. i ft— --I if +hey

aect as otten as possible ; anc. ti , nave
not time to dry during the night, they can be easily
buckled on the outside of the knapsack. By attending
to these directions, and by instantly rubhinr

dry, and putting on fresh flannels and linen at the end
of your day's work, and eating as much animal food
as possible, yet drinking no more than is necessary,
both body and feet will get into the highest possible
condition."

28. Caulions.—Those who have not a high instep,
in other words a good arch, to the foot, will not be

able to walk so long and so far as those who are
gifted with a well-turned arch of their foot. The flat
foot, or splay foot, does not receive the shock of the
weight and force of the body in progression as favour-
'lvas t' --bed `" . Iv, the

ie proper arc. . foot' , and, consequent!,
structure of this foot sooner feels a sense of weariness

and lakes on inflammation. In the foot regiments a well:
formed man in other respects would be rejected if he have
a very flat foot.

Avoid getting damp feet, and remaining long so,

Avoid the habit of puttino
warmth.

them on the fender for

Avoid opening a Mist , particularly before the end
of your journey. It is painful at the time, and the
foot gets sore afterwards. Get a needleful of silk ;

the two ends together ; next morning cut off both ends
with the scissors, leaving the silk in the now flattened
blister undisturbed.

I The art of preserving the Feet, &c.
" In the army it must be peculiarly disadvantageous ; and in
pedestrian excursions over Wales or the Lakes, or in walking
matches, it often operates like a bill of suspension of Habeas
Peden."—Art of preserving l'eet.

- II If the reatiei has any thirst for this kind of knowledge and
illustration of nature's adaptive code of laws, such works as Dr.
Arnott's "Elements of Physic's," and Dr. Davis's "Manuel of
Health," will gratify him.
IT Memoirs of Peninsular Campaigns.

'; There are three arches in fact to the foot, all tending to dimin-
ish shock, and present a modifying elastic resistance to pressure.

-•
NOTICES

Abbotsford edition of Waverley. _ Part 33. Cadell ;

Edinburgh • Philip; South Castle-street

Volume IV of this noble edition of our great novelist
commences with "The Bride of Lammermoor ; " and it
will be gratifying to the subscribers to observe that, in
every respect, this part is equal to those which have
preceded it. The steel engraving represents " Fast
Castle, Berwickshire," and is a very beautiful specimen
of drawing as well as of engraving. The wood illustra-
tions are all of a high order ; but one in particular is quite
a gem. The subject is " Dick Tinto and the author of
the Bride of Lammermoor; or, we may as well say, the
author of Waverley, for his is the portraiture which is
presented to us, more life-like and spirited than any of
the more pretending likenesses which we possess in such
abundance. The painter is Lauder; and it is admirably
cut by T. Williams. " Dick Tinto and the Sign Painter"
is a scarcely less perfect production.

Lancaster Castle, its History, and Associations. By J.
Hall. Whittaker, London : Taylor, Liverpool.
The object of this pamphlet is to supply all the infor-
mation which can be obtained relative to Lancaster Castle

and its associations. Much interesting anu
matter connected with the history of the place has been
gathered by the author, and many curious circumstances
are narrated connected with the unfortunate inmates. It
appears that annually a mock election takes place, amongst
those confined as debtors for the representation of the

SELECTIONS.

No VARIETY IN ENGLISH DRINKS.—The drinks ain't
good here ; they hante no variety in them neither ; no
white-nose, apple-jack, stone-wall, chain-lightning, rail-
road, hail stortnginsling-calabogus, switchelflip, gum-
ticklers, pheltn-cutters, juleps, skate-iron, cast-steel,
cock-tail, or nothin', but that heavy stupid black fat
porter.— The Attach 6; or, Sam Slick in England.
TORIES, WHIGS, AND RADICALS.—" He said he could
tell a man's politics by his shirt. ' A Tory, Sir,' said he,
for he was a pompious old boy was old Blue-Nose; a
Tory, Sir,' said he, ' is a gentleman every inch of him,
stock, lock, and barrel ; and he puts a clean frill shirt on
every day. A Whig, Sir,' says he, 'is a gentleman every
inch of him, and he puts an unfrilled one on every other
day. A Radical, Sir, ain't no gentleman at all, and he
only puts one on of a Sunday. But a Chartist, Sir, is a
loafer ; he never puts one on till the old one won't hold
together no longer, and drops off in pieces.' "—Sam Slick
in England.
FASHIONABLE COOKERY.—VeaI, to be good, must look
like anything else but veal; you mustn't know it when
you see it, or it's vulgar; mutton must be incog., too;
beef must have a mask on ; any thin' that looks solid,
take a spoon to; any thin' that looks light, cut with a
knife • if a thin' looks like fish, you may take your oath
it is flesh ; and if it seems rael lesh, it's only disguised,
for it's sure to be fish ; nothin' must be nateral ; natur is
out of fashion here. This is a manufacturin' country ;
everything is done by machinery, and that that ain't must
be made to look like it ; and I must say, the dinner
machinery is parfect.—The Attache; or, Sam Slick in
England.
GARRICK'S OTHELLo.—Detelmined to judge for him-
self in regard to the merits of Garrick's acting, Quin, on
the night on which his rival was announced to perform
Othello, secured himself a place in the pit of the rival
theatre. About this period had been published Hogarth's
famous prints of " Marriage a la Mode," in one of which
it will be remembered, is introduced a negro footboy en-
tering the aparment with a tea equipage. To the quick
fancy of Quin (naturally on the watch to turn his rival
into ridicule), it may really be imagined that there appear-
ed a ludicrous similarity between the appearance of the
footboy and the blackened face and diminutive figure of
Garrick. Accordingly, when the latter made his re-ap-
pearance in the third or fourth act, Quin suddenly exclaim-
ed, loud enough to afford amusement to half the pit—
" Here is Pompey, but where are the tea-things?"—
George Selwyn and his Cotemporaries.
AN OLD MAN'S REMINISCENCES.—" I have seen and
remember so much, that my life already appears very long ;
nay, the first part seems to have been a former life, so
entirely are the persons worn out who were on the stage
when I came into the world. You must consider, as my
father was minister then, that I almost came into the
world at three years old. I was ten when I was presented
to George I. two nights before he left England for the last
time. This makes me appear very old to myself, and
Methuselah to young persons, if I happen to mention it
before them. If I see another reign, which is but too
probable, what shall I seem then ? I will tell you an odd
circumstance. Nearly ten years ago I had already seen
six generations in one family, that of Waldegrave. I
have often seen, and once been in a room with, Mrs.
Godfrey, mistress of James II: It is true she doted ;
then came her daughter, the old Lady Waldegrave ; her
son, the Ambassador; his daughter, Lady Harriet ; her
daughter, the present Lady Powis ; and she has children
who may be married in five or six years; and yet I shall
not he very old, if I see two generations more! but if I
o, I shall be superannuated, for I think I talk already
CD n old nurse."—Letters of Horace IT a/pole.