The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1850-09-03 00:00:00

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POETRY.

RYDAL HEAD FROM WINDERME,RE.
JUNE 1, 1549

On Rydat Head the sunshine loves to rest,
Bright when near summits are in shade o'ercast ;
With Evening's golden radiance parting last,
When grey clouds sleep on Fairfield's sheltering breast ;
'Tis a briiht spot—and on its airy crest
The dews of heaven descend, and tree and fast
The crystal stream pours down, where linger last
The verdunt hues on autumn's gorgeous best;
And long shall England love it—dwelling near
A bard who wrote no line he need to blot,
The current of his verse as pure, as clear,
As is the mountain-rill. ' iis a bright spot,
Even for his sake. whose song shall still be dear
To those pure in heart, who of the world are not.—
JULY, 1830

On Rydal Head the weeping clouds shall lie,
Feeding the eager ever-flowing stream,
Whose varied melody for us shall seem
To mourn-the silence of the voice that nigh
Murmur'd long time resposive harmony.
When evening suns burst forth with golden gleam,
Bright'ning that summit with benignant beam,
Then imaged forth how fair his memory.
The good man's memory i 3 more than fame;
The Christian's life departs, but not to douse,
A sacred sweetness breathing from the name.
Like fragrance rising from the gather'd rose.
His works are his best monument, how vain
A crumbling stone! that fails—these shall remain.

[From "Hand Book for the English Lakes."]

NOTICE.

Observations on the Elements of Taxation, and the Pro •
Active Cost of Gran, by S. Sanders, Hemel
Hempstead. London : John Olivier, 59, Pall Mall. -
TUE pamphlet before us, which we must apologize for
having overlooked, consists of cbe,ervations made by the
writer froni time to time during the discussion of Free-
trade in Coen, and now printed in a colleCtive shape. An
mportant feature in Mr. Sanders' views and mode of
reating that question consists in the fact that, he very
properly connects it with the great problems of taxation
and currency, which our Manchester school of philosophers
studiously Keep in the back ground. The whole of the
essays, or sections. into which the pamphlet is divided,
a .e very cleVer ; and will repay an attentive perusal.
The leadingpesition laid down by Mr. Sanders is, to
state it briefly, that by far the larger portion of the taxa-
tion of the country enters at once into the various articles
of food, and other products of its industry, enhancing the
price of labour, rnaterial.',', and failing, at last, upon
the consumer, whether at home or abroad. Thus, to
commence with the labourer, if he is taxed sixpence per
day, or one4hird of his average incime of Is. 61, thirty-
three per cent. is thus added to the cost of the product of
hislabour, Whether it is corn, hmases, or any other de-
scription of property, of which lab'our is the base. Nearly
the same rate of taxation pr, sses upon the other portions
of the community, whether engaged in commerce or in
manufactures ; and has been added to the realized pro-
perty of the coentry, which is only the accumulation of
such taxed labour. Hence, we have established two values;
an intrinsic, or labour value, and an artificial value, or
labour with taxation added. A house, the value of winch
is £lOO, contains £66 13s. 41 of intrinsic labour, and
£33 6s. Bd. of taxation on the articles used and consumed
by the labourers; and were houses moveable and capable
of being transported, like grain, from countries where
they can be constructed for less money, we should soon
witness an extensive fall of rents, and the labourer would
have to pay his quotum of taxation out of diminished
wages, to enable us to compete with the foreigner. Our
manufactures and other products being similarly enhanced
in price, no difficulty would occur in their interchange
amongst ourselves : and under a system of protection to
the extent of tie rate of oer taxation, as compared with
the foreigner, creaieeition with him would not be inju-
riously felt. If we bought of our neighbour at the
artificial, or enhanced value, we should sell to him our
labour, or its proceeds, at the same.
Free traders have altogether lost sight of this new
element of the cost of production, introduced dutieg the
last century by the large increase in our debt and the
cost of our public establishments. They have omitted to
consider the fact that if the natural price of a quarter of
wheat, measured by the intrinsic labour contained in it,
is 335. 4d.—the rate which prevailed two centuries ago,
with wages at Is. eld. per day—we are now compelled to
demand a price which will enable the British grower of
wheat to collect from the consumer the 33 per cent. of
taxation andincreased cost of labour, &c., imposed upon
him by the ration. It is perfectly obvious too that justice
requires that the British f grower should have protection to
this extent.
We cannot at present notice one half of the striking
arguments, anal facts with which this pamphlet abounds;
but we shall probably on an early occasion lay a few
extracts froM it before cur readers. The remarks upon
the question of the currency, as indissolubly bound up
with that of protection, we recommend especially to our
agricultural . ien ds.

Baines' Eistory of Liverpool.

Threenurnbers oft hisundertakine havealrendybeen issued,
and judging from theircontents, the wort: wilt be in t liigh-
est degree uscful and interesting. Mr. Baines commences
by minutely tracing the causes which led to the commercial
power of this port and the surrounding district ; in the
course of which much valuable information is thrown out
with regard to the appearance of Lancashire and Cheshire
prior to the reformation, with the state of agriculture and
the pursuits of the inhabitants at that remote period. In
treating this subject, it has been necessary to glance at
general history, not only as respects England at large, but
also the cotithrnt ; and, in doing so, the reader discovers
the minute acquaintance with everything bearing on his
subject possessed by the author. The work will be em-
bellished by a number of accurate wood-cuts, and will,
when completed, form a most valuable item in any library,
whether public or private, select or miscellaneous. Mr.
Baines has been long esteemed as an excellent historian,
and this work will enhance considerably his well-earned
fame.