The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1851-01-14 00:00:00

10 CORRESPONDENTS.

earth; and whose exports are inundating not only
There will of course be prizes awarded at the great Exhibition, this country; but the whole of Europe.
and they will be distributed, it is understood, by the highest We leave the subject here without further re-
per sooo.ge in the realm. The highest prize is, we think, mark—without glancing at the effect produced, or
ona
We are requested by a highly respected correspondent to state to be produced, by the new source of wealth dis-
that Archdeacon Manning has not joined theChureh of Rome. covered in the soil of the great Republic. It is
Mr. Marshall was curate to Dr. Hook, and not to Archdeacon sufficient to know the fact that, so far as statesman's
Wilberforce, as stated by our correspondent.
craft can accomplish it, the United States will avail
We are not aware that any step whatever has been taken to
prevent the contemplated removal of the North-American themselves of all the worldly good that God sends
Mail-packet service from this town. ' them ; and will not allow themselves to be duped
We feel rather flattered by the couple of columns of abuse into the absurdity which our Free-trade politicians
which the :,fail—we beg pardon of the editor, who is usually placed as a trap before them. We may give to
understood to represent a paper, or weought rather to have
said, " the proprietor" of that journal—has showered upon Brother Jonathan, and he will take. But he gives
us, as a penalty for our refusal to march through Coventry nothing in return.
with him to St. Barnabas's, in search of a candidate for
Liverpool. 9i course, we are obstinate "heretics,"
"hire-
lings," "traitors," and all that sort of thing; hut we are , vi•
a E are beginning to understand why the ex-
ambitious of printing neither red bills nor blue bills, except
as a matter of business; we never go whining about for cessive indignation expressed by her Majesty's
orders to reprint our marvel' ore efforts at reporting; and prime minister, Lord John Russell, at the aggres-
we will merely add, that we care just as much about what
"the proprietor" chooses to say of us as the public care— sign of the Pope, and his minion, Cardinal Wise-
and that is nothing. man, has so far moderated itself as to postpone its
liament—February. Time was when the Barons
and Commons of England, backed by the authority
of their Sovereign would have taken prompter mea-
sures to repel such an insult to the throne and the
constitution of the realm. We live, however, it
The opening of the session of Parliament is seems, in an age of truckling and cowardice. We
drawing near, before which it is important that the PrOtest with one breath, and say "All hail !" to the
opinions both of the clergy and the laity should object of our loathing with the other. Our pre-
have been laid before the throne. We beg, there- cious Whig ministry is about to hid us bow down
fore, to direct the attention of our Protestant read- to the one God in our own land, and to leave a
ers to the urgent necessity of their signing promptly sister land to worship the Diana of the Ephesians,
the two addresses—national, they may be called— Mahomet, or Vishnu, or any other god or goddess
from the lay members of the Church of England ' whom it pleases their priestly tyrants to adopt, and
to her Majeser the Queen, and from the clergy and ,to call upon us to endow. The only question re-
laity to the Archbishop of Canterbury; both ad- maining is,—How long ? When will the people of
dresses calling for protection to the Protestantism this gulled empire know the characters of the mi-
of the kingdom against Papal aggression from serable clique in office, whom they are weakly en-
without and the taint of Popish practices within trusting with their confidence.
the church. Although, hitherto, the fact of the ad- The public thought that the letter of Lord John
dresses in question being depotited at a few places Russell to the Bishop of Durham was an earnest of
in this town for signature has had little publicity I his determination to revert to that sound Protestant
given to it, they have already had enrolled upon course of policy from which he and his predecessors
them the names of a great number of the Pro- lin office had fatally departed. A straw thrown up,
testants of our town ; and we trust that this notice, however, is sufficient to show how the wind blows;
with the advertisement in our columns this day, , and probably the following extract from a leading
will be sufficient to induce the masses of our article in the London Times—a journal which is
fellow-townsmen, by their signatures, to give a just now toadying Lord John, or, being the
signal proof, and ground of confidence, to the stronger party, is patting him on the back—will
Protestant party in the legislature, and to her Ma- prepare our readers for what is coming :
jesty the Queen of these realms, that the anta. "It is quite evident now that, whatever the fifth article
gonism of England both to Papal aggression, and of the Legislative Union may say of the unity of the two
to Romanizing practices in the church, is decided, churches, public opinion in England refuses to recognise
their indentity. Things may be done against the one which
resolute, and unchangeable.
must not be done against the other. Titles and pretensions
.........-.. will be allowed there which will be treated with the most
determined resistance here, and much will pass for current
THE present month's number of Blackwood con- coin in Dublin which is treated as base and counterfeit in
tains a very striking article, entitled " British London. We are not saying that these things ought to be,
Labour and Foreign Reciprocity," which appears tiuntetsitpantinfnua
nnotoriouss
oaunndd unr 11 eitilti a
ob
rl e
w fact.ron c, Bet
htahse
bde iesn-
to have been suggested by Mr. Carte's " Harmony drawn in indelible characters; gnot by acts of the legisla-
of Interests, Agricultural, Manufacturing, and ture, or the pen of speculative politicians, but by the
Commercial," the production of an able American spontaneous and irresponsible instinct of an united peo-
writer. We are not here about to review the article pie. To treat the establishment of a Roman Catholic
in question as a whole, in which shape, however, we nhioerrliffcheryinin Englandkind froma sa nt insulte stnatiltilmgerneta toe; inn
Romandegree
can cordially recommend it as worthy of the attentive Catholic hkgrarchy in Ireland, would be the very pedantry
perusal of our readers. Our object is only to cull a of bigotry."
few facts from one portion of it, which deals parti- The gist of this is unmistakeable. To treat an
cularly with the effects of our free trade measures insult levelled against the Crown, through the
upon the position and probable future policy of the Church of England in Ireland, in the same way as
great transatlantic republic ; and our contemporary an insult levelled against the Throne through the
will, perhaps, excuse us if, in doing this, our Church of England in England, is " the very
remarks may be to some extent a condensation only pedantry of bigotry !" " Public opinion," the
of his own more ample text. Times says, "refuses to recognise the identity" of
The great card of the free traders—the chief bait the two churches, although an act of Parliament
held out on every platform to the selfishness of the declares them one and indivisible. " Things may
manufacturing classes—was the prospect, nay, the be done against the one which must not be done
certainty, that, by opening our ports to the agri.. against the other." We beg pardon of the Times,
cultural products of the United States, we should but it is not so ; and Lord John Russell, his patron,
open out almost an inexhaustible market for British or tool, will discover the fact, to his cost, if he
commodities. The American people were to meet adventures upon any such mean and Whiggish
us with open arms, to abolish their restrictive tariff, course as is shadowed out by our contemporary.
to lay aside their dream of establishing a native The time has not come yet for giving up the
manufacture, the approaching reality of which was Church in Ireland to Rome, as a salve for the
striking terror into the hearts of the cottonocracy, wounded feelings to be caused by the rejection of
and to devote their undivided energies to the work its approaches to the Church of England. Lord
of developing the resources of their soil, and raising Clarendon may have to be appeased ; the M'llales
cotton for the looms, and food for the mouths, of and other turbulent demagogues of Ireland may
the population of Great Britain. In vain it was have to be appeased ; Lord Minto and Lord Pal-
objected by the opponents of the mad policy of the merston may wish for a graceful mode of retreat
day that America had been, since the first declare- from their pledges to Pio Nono ; but the Pro-
bon of her independence, pledged to maintain a testant Churchmen of England will stand by their
policy protective to the native industry of her brother Protestants in Ireland to the last, and
people. In vain the fact was pointed to that the regard the downfall of one church as hut the pre-
raising of the entire revenue of the republic from its cursor to the downfall of the other. The Church
custom-house duties on imports, with the absence of Ireland is to be, it seems, the sop to the wolf.
of all internal taxation, was the great principle of Reason and natural history assure us of the fact
its institutions. Still charlatans persisted in their that the wolf will get hungry again

Ebt Eiberpool otanlarli.

TUESDAY MORNING, JAN. 14, 1851

outrageous assertions ; and still insensate mobs

gaped, in extacies of greedy delight, at the prospect
held up before their greedy eyes.
Well, we have been now travelling on the path
towards perfect free trade for the last ten years ;
and where, so far as the United States are con-

THE ministerial organs are just now giving us a
foretaste of what will constitute the .10 Triumphe
of their masters in the session of Parliament which
is approaching. We are to be overwhelmed with
blue books, Board of Trade returns, and other sta-
tistical contrivances, and persuaded, against our
reason and experience, that the people of Great
Britain were never in a more prosperous condition
than at the present moment. A regard for our
own safety, however, suggests that we should test
rather stringently the correctness of those docu-
ments, and weigh well their real hearing; and to a
part performance of this task we devote a portion
of our columns to-day.
We are told, vauntingly, that the amount of our
exports in 1850 has been £60,400,525 against
£54,089,809 in 1849, making an increase in the
year of £6,310,716. Hence, it is left to be inferred
that increased prosperity is undeniable. Let us
enquire, however, what constitutes our exports,
and how far is their increase or decrease a correct
index of our prosperity. Our exports may be
classed under three heads :—First,----of articles of
native produce, such as grain, cattle, minerals, &c.
Secondly,—of articles of which the raw material is
of foreign growth, but into which British labour
and skill enter as components : and thirdly,—of
foreign products, imported into this country as to a
depot, and re-exported to neutral markets. With
respect to the first of these, native products, we
have no authority for believing that any increased
export has taken place. In fact, we may say, with
some confidence, that the export, in quantity, has
decreased, rather than increased. The money
amount of exports under this head may have in-
creased to a trifling extent, as the money price of
most other commodities has advanced.
The second head, into which we have classed
our exports, is that portion of them which consists
of labour employed upon the perfecting for human
use of foreign raw materials. Under this head
there will be found an undoubted increase in value.
Our exports of manufactured Cottons, for example,
we have no doubt will figure in the returns of the
Board of Trade as above those of last year—the
quantity we know to have been less. But there is
a fact, or two, connected with our exports of manu-
factured Cottans, worthy of consideration. We
consumed of the raw material last year 1,513,5171b5;
and taking as our authority the annual circular of
Messrs. Dufay and Co., of Manchester—which our
friends in that town will not object to—the average
price of middling New Orleans Cotton was in 1849,
4d. 11-12ths per lb., and in 1850, 7d. 2-9ths.
The increase in 1850 would thus he, in round
numbers, 21 per lb. Taking the average weight

cerned, is the realization of these splendid pro-
phecies and assurances ? The American president
of the day, and his cabinet, hold as fast to the

maintenance of the principle of protection, although
a few trifling modifications of the tariff have been

conceded, as their predecessors of the past half
century. The American people have done just
what every man at all acquainted with their insti-

tutions and temper expected thern to do—that is,

they have devotid the capital which British folly
has been throwing into their lap to the perfection

of their native manufactures, the development of
the vast resources of their soil and climate, and the

extension of their commerce throughout the world.
Their manufacture of cotton goods were to be laid

aside. Yet, how great has been its increase will
be gathered from the following table of

BALES OF COTTON WORKED UP IN THE UNITED STATES

Northern manufacture,

Southern do,
None.

1843-44
1844-45
1845-46
1846-47
1847-48

347,000 bales

None.
423,000 „ 37,000 bales.
428,000 „ .... 40,000 „
531,000 .... 75,000 „
518,000 „ —.100,000 „
Thus a manufacture, which Free Trade with Great
Britain was to have destroyed, has increased from
347,000 to 618,000 hales within six years. During
the past year, we believe, a further increase has
taken place ; and, what is most threatening to
British supremacy, is the transfer going on of this
branch of industry from the New England States
to.the locality where the raw material is grown,
and where, besides the saving of the cost of inland
transit, the manufacturers will have the advantage
of the cheap labour of his present non-adult, and
comparatively useless slave population.
A similar progress has been made in the deve-
lopment of the mineral resources of the United.
States. It was hoped that, under the influence of
Free Trade, and as the result of the promised
diversion of American industry to the raising of
agricultural produce, we should be enabled to pro-
vide an increased and permanent market for our
coals and iron. America still maintains a protec-
five. duty of 30 per cent. upon these two essential
raw materials ; and, as the result, the native pro-
duction of coal and iron has been as follows, during

1848-49

the periods named

1821 to 1829, average tons
1835 to 1841 „

37,000 .. 90,000
- .. 250,000

1,108,000 .. -
1,621,000 .. 380,000
3,089,000 ..800,000

1842
1844
1848
Nor has the agricultural development of that great
continent stood still whilst her people were thus
rapidly increasing its mineral and manufacturing
wealth. In the year ending June 30th, 1848, we
find that they exported 958,744 barrels of flour,
1,531,000 bushels of wheat, 5,062,000 bushels of
corn, and 226,000 bushels of corn meal. In the
following year, up to August 31st, the exports had
increased to 1,114,016 barrels of flour, 4,684,000
bushels of wheat, and 12,721,000 bushels of corn,
corn meal having fallen to 88,080 bushels. The
following table of the export of provisions shows a
still further and gigantic increase.

of the bale of cotton, as estimated by the eminent
firm of Messrs. Hollinshead, Tetley, and Co.,
cotton brokers, of Liverpool, at 3861b5., and
assuming for the sake of even figures, £3 10s. as
the advance per bale, which is less than is warranted,
it will be found, by any one who will take the
trouble to carry out the calculation, that the raw
material of cotton consumed by us last year has
cost us no less than £5,697,207 more than the
same raw material cost us in 1849.
With respect to the third class of exports, viz. :
those of foreign and colonial products, shipped out
of bond, a similar advance in price will be found to
have swelled their money amount. For the item of
cotton alone, exported, we may add about
£1,500,000 to the excess created in its export as a

1840. 1841. 1844. 1848. .
in
crease,
Beef, article, making up the whoe lncrease,
Beef, barrels 19,631 56,537 106,174 133,286 attributable to the enhancement of the price of this
Butter, lbs. 1,177,639 3,785,933 3,251,952 3,406,242 raw material, to seven millions sterling. Chinese,
Cheese, lbs. 723,217 1,748,471 7.312,145 17,433,632
Pork, barrels 66,281 133,290 161,629 253,486 Last and West Indian, P4azilian, and other tropi-
Ham, lbs. 1,643,879 2,796,517 3,886,976 56,060,822 cal produce, contribute their influence. In con-
Lard, barrels 7,418,847 10,597,854 25,746,385 37,446,761 I nexion with this advance in raw materials and

But it will be said, America has imported from foreign produce, we may remark that the chief
us in increased amount to meet these vast imports. countries to which we have exported more largely,
Such, however, does not appear to be the case, in quantity, of cotton goods than usual hare been
according to Mr. Carte's returns of the customs' the United States and India, both of which have
revenue of that republic. The following is given eminently benefitted by the rise in the prices of
as the customs' revenue derived from imports in their products at our expense. Thus America has
the years named : increased her purchases from us of plain calicoes
5,000,000 yards ; of printed and dyed 8,000,000
yards ; and of a few other articles ; but as a set off
she has received from us at least three-fifths of the
six millions sterling increase in the value of cotton,
in addition to a large amount for her breadatuffs.
This is certainly no great increase of the imports Another singular fact, which the free traders will
of a country whose population is increasing more have to explain is that the countries whioh have
rapidly than any other country on the face of the chiefly decreased, some of them largely, their coo.

1844.5

27,528,000 dollars
26,712,000
23,747,000
31,757,000
28,346,000

1845-6.
1846-7.
1847-8.
1848-9,