The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1850-04-09 00:00:00

THE LltEit#oot StANDARD.

SOUTH LANCASHIRE SPRING ASSIZES.

NISI PRIUS COURT.—TUESDAY.
On the Sitting of the court this morning the case of " Saul v.
Barclay" was resumed; and, after a lengthened investigation,
a verdict was returned substantially for the defendant.
WOODROW V. THE LANCASTER AND CARLISLE RAILWAY

COMPANY.
Mr. James Woodrow, the plaintiff, is a commission agent in
:Manchester, twenty-three years of age, and doing a good busi-
ness. On the 10th of February, last year, he was about to pro-
ceed to Glasgow on business. He arrived at Preston, nd took
his place there for Glasgow in a train which left the in the
course of the afternoon, booking himself right through. The
Lancaster and Preston line was then leased to the Lancaster
and Carlisle Company, Upon the arrival of the train at Car-
lisle it was rearranged, and the plaintiff and a gentleman, named
Mackintosh, who accompanied him from Preston, were removed
to a carriage belonging to the North-Western Railway Com-
, piny. Having proceeded about four or five miles beyond Car-
lisle, an accident occurred just after passing the Rockliff sta-
tion, when the carriage in which they were was thrown over an
embankment; four persons were killed, and amongst the par-
ties injured was the plaintiff, who brought the present action
of compensation for injury received. The plaintiff received se-
rious injury to his spine, which compelled a detention at Car-
lisle for about eleven weeks, when he was removed to the resi-
dence of his parents at Glasgow, where he was under medical
treatment for a considerable period.
His LORDSHIP having summed up, the jury retired, and after
an absence of half-an-hour returned into court, with a verdict
for the plaintiff, damages '5OO.
SOMERS V. THE LONDON AND NORTH-WESTERN RAILWAY.
The plaintiff, Miss Maria Somers, was a young lady of the
theatrical profession, who, on the 14th of January, left her
lodgings, in Manchester, in a cab, with two trunks, one con-
taining heri bonnets, the other the theatrical apparel, with trin-
kets and other articles of the value of ..€l3O. These trunks
were taken to the London and North-Western Railway Station,
and given into the charge of two of the company's porters,
and marked " Rugl.y" in chalk. Some confusion took place at
the station, and a number of the swell mob were actively en-
gaged. Upon her arrival at Rugby, the trunk containing her
theatrical dresses and trinkets, with her gold watch, was not in
tile train. The action was brought to recover the value of the
missing property. Verdict for the plaintiff, damages .t'4o.

TAYLOR V. SMITH.
This action was brought for the breach of a covenant entered
into by defendant on the 23c1 of February, 1842, by which the
fee-simple of a certain parcel of land situate in Boundary-street,
sold to the defendant Smith, at 18s. a square yard, by the trus-
tees acting under the will of the late Mr. Johnson, providing
he paid the whole of the amount by 1841. Smith afterwards
resold some of this land to the plaintiff, who had built ten houses
upon it, and paid him 255. 9d. per square yard. Plaintiff had
an opportunity of selling this property for £1,400, in August,
1848, to Messrs. Dogherty and Prince, and applied to the defen-
dant for the conveyance of the title to the property, who referred
him to Messrs. Johnson, the trustees. They refused to convey
the title until the remainder of the purchase-money was paid.
This action was brought for damages incurred by the plaintiff
for breach of covenant. A verdict was taken by consent for '866.

WEDNESDAY.
STUROIS U. ISLAM AND ANOTHER.
Mr. Thomas Sturgis, the assignee of the estate and effects of
Mr. Norman M`Leod, and Mr. M'Eachan, were the plaintiff's in
this case ; the defendants were Messrs. Irlam, Wanostrocht,
and Co., and the action was brought to recover several sums of
money, amounting to £5,500, received by the defendants, as
brokers, upon policies of insurance on the ship Integrity, and
which they had withdrawn from the plaintiff to cover a debt
owing to them by one of the owners. For the defence it was
denied that the defendants knew anything whatever of Mr.
M'Eachan in the matter. It was also stated that their entire
dealings were with Mr. M`Leod, and that he had given them
an authority to retain the money and place it to his credit. In
summing up the case, his LORDSHIP observed that the main
questions for the jury to consider were—first, whether the po-
licies in question had been effected for the joint benefit of both
Mr. M'Leod and M'Eachan ; and, secondly, if so, whether the
defendants were aware that M'Eachan was a joint owner at the
time of the transaction. He would ask for their verdict speci-
fically upon both these points. After consultation the jury
found—first, that the insurance was effected for the mutual be-
nefit of both parties; and secondly, that they were of opinion
that the defendants were not aware that M'Eachan had any in-
terest in the vessel at the time of the transaction.—His LORD-
snip then directed a verdict for the defendants, with liberty for
the plaintiff to move to have the verdict reversed ; and also with
liberty for the defendant to move for a non-suit.
^ •

CASE OF COLLISION-COWMAN AND OTHERS V. COULTHAND

AND OTHERS.
The plaintiff in this action was part owner and commander of
a vessel called the Eliza, trading between \Vhitehaven and Dub-
lin, in the coal trade, and the defendant was part owner and
captain of a similar kind of vessel, belonging to Whitehaven.
The action was brought to recover ..e1,089 the value of the Eliza
and her cargo, in consequence of her loss by collision with the
Fortunate on the night of the 17th of January last. For the
plaintiff several witnesses were examined, amongst whom were
the crew of the Eliza. The jury found for the plaintiff, damages
.€959 15s.

THURSDAY.
The parties in the special jury cases of "M`Cormick v. Hum-
phreys," " M`Cormick and Another v. Humphreys," and
"Humphreys v. M'Cormick," agreed to a reference.
MALCOLM V. SCOTT AND ANOTHER.
This was an action for money had and received, and paid for
the use of the plaintiff, and for interest, and on account stated.
The defendants denied the debt, and thereupon the issue
joined. The Attorney-general, (Sir J. Jervis,) Mr. Crompton,
and Mr. Mellish, appeared for the plaintiff; Mr. Martin, Mr.
Watson. Mr. Cowling, and Mr. Atherton, for the defendants.
The plaintiff, Mr. George Malcolm, is a merchant of Liverpool;
the defendants are merchants in London, carrying on busi-
ness under the firm of Scott, Bell, and Co. The case was par-
tially gone int•, when a discussion on technical points ensued,
which resulted in the attorney-general submitting to a nonsuit,
with liberty to move.

DAD USBANDRY.-FAZAKERLEY V. uonEnsom.
This was an action brought by Henry Fazakerley, Esq., of
Chorley, azaints one of his tenants, James Rogerson, for un-
skilful husbandry. After the case had been opened and a wit-
ness examined, the court adjourned.

FRIDAY.
FAZAKERLY V. ROGERSON.
This case, which was partially gone into on Thursday, was
resumed this morning. The plaintiff was the landlord, and
the defendant the tenant of a farm, and the latter was alleged
to have broken the contract by breaking up meadow and pas-
ture land, and by sowing wheat after oats; and was also al-
leged to have committed an offence in trover, by going upon
the land and taking half a standing crop of 1849, after the
period of his tenancy had expired. A number of witnesses
were called for the plaintiff to prove that it was not customary
to plough up the meadow and pasture land to the extent which
the plaintiff had done, and also that he had no right under the
course of tillage which he had pursued, to have entered the
farm and taken half of the wheat crop. The plaintiff's wit-
nesses, admitted in cross-examination by Mr. Martin, that the
farm was in an exceedingly bad condition when the defendant
entered upon it. The defence set up was that the farm was in
a most wretched state when taken by the defendant, who ex-
pended £2OO in manuring it, and that added to the rent, £2BO,
would make .480, which the landlord derived from the tenancy
in addition to ''3o for repairs, and the ordinary expense of
ploughing, harrowing, &c. With regard to breaking up the
meadow and pasture land, Mr. Martin contended that any land
except that which had not been• broken up since Richard Ist
entered the Holy Land could be broken up by the tenant of a
farm. He protested agait.st the fantastic notions of the Scotch
agriculturists, and said that it was only necessary that .a man
should manage his farm in a tenant-like manner, and if Ile did
not so manage it he was to be held responsible. No damage
amounting to the hundredth part of half a farthing had been
done to the farm, and he maintained that the plaintiff had been
amply remunerated. A great number of witnesses were then
called, whose evidence tended to show that it was the custom
of the country to sow wheat after oats, and also to break up
pasture and meadow land; and the out-going tenant was enti-
tled to half the crop of wheat which he left upon the land. In
cross-examination of the witnesses, it was made to appear that
many of these" customs" were of very recent origin. Mr. Know-
les, in reply, pointed out that the witnesses for the defendant were
interested in the questions at issue, inasmuch as they were ten-
ants themselves. The defendant, he said, had not put so much
manure upon the land as he was bound to do under the agree-
ment. He undertook to put thirty tons of manure upon every
acre of arable land ; he had put on, apparently, between 400
and 500 tons, and that was not the quantity which, by stipula-
lation, he should have put on. His lordship then summed up.
He said the " custom" to which the jury were to have regard
in deciding the cause was, not the "universal custom" which
was spoken of in law books, which governed the law of succes-
sion in different manors, &c., and which related to a practice
continuing from the time of Richard 1., but merely such a
general custom or practice prevailing in the neighbourhood as
should guide parties entering into contracts, by showing what,
in the neighbourhood in question, were understood to be the
rights and uses of the tenant with regard to the land. If the
plaintiff had satisfied the jury that what was Cone was contrary
to good husbandry and the custom of the country, he was en-
titled to a verdict. The jury retired, and after a protracted
absence returned into court with a verdict for the plaintiff,
damages one shil'ing, on the ground that the defendant had
placed more land under tillage than he had a right to do by
the custom of the country ; and for the defendant, on the
ground that he had a perfect right to take off half the wheat
crop on leaving the farm.

BOOTHMAN AND ANOTHER V. THE 'MANCHESTER, SHEFFIELD,
AND LINCOLNSHIRE RAILWAY COMPANY.
In this case, a verdict was taken, by consent, for ..2,000,
subject to a special case.
The cases, Campbell v. Humphreys and another, and Camp-
bell v. Humphreys, were withdrawn.

CALDWELL V. POTT.
In this case, a verdict was taken for the plaintiff, by consent

SATURDAY.
LIBEL: FAIR V. HORNBY.
This was an action for libel. and the declaration stated that
the plaintiff was steward to Thomas Clifton, under whom the
defendant held lands and tenements, and that the defendant,
in reference to the extension of a lease of such land, &c., wrote
two letters to the said Thomas Clifton, whereby the character
of the plaintiff was libelled. The defendant, in answer, pleaded
not guilty.

Messrs. Martin, Sergeant Wilkins, and Atherton, appeared
for the plaintiff, and Mr. Roebuck and Mr. Crompton for the
defendant.

Mr. MARTIN stated the case. The plaintiff, Mr. James
Fair, was the steward and land-agent to Mr. Thomas Clifton,
of Lytham-hall, and formerly acted in a similar capacity for
the Earl of Derby. The defendant, Mr. Wm. Henry Hornby,
was a manufacturer, residing at Blackburn, and he married a
Miss Birley, and so became occupier, under lease, of a house at
Lytham, (a watering-place below Preston,) belonging to Mr.
Clifton, upon which the defendant expended a considerable
sum of money. Subsequently, considerable negociation took
place between the plaintiff and the defendant as to the renewal
of the lease; arid, after much correspondence between them,
the defendant wrote several I etters to Mr. Clifton, complaining
of the conduct of the plaintiff, and in one of these he (Mr.
Hornby) said—" Investigation alone can prove the truth or
otherwise the charge I have made, and which I now repeat,
that, having laid out little short of £€OO at Lytham, on premi-
ses which I expected to be honourably performed, I have been
deceived, robbed, and grossly insulted by Mr. Fair and Mr.
Haydock, and to you as their employer, as also owner of the
soil, I make this statement, to the truth of which I am pre.
pared to take the most sacred affirmation."
After an address for the defendant by Mr. Roebuck, the jury
found a verdict for the plaintiff, damages 405., costs 40s.
After the settlement of one or two cases, of no public interest,
the whole of the business was concluded, and Baron Rolfe left
in the evening for London.

SETTLEMENT OF THE WATER QUESTION.-
MR. STEPHENSON'S REPORT IN FAVOUR
OF THE RIVINGTON SCHEME.

(FROM OUR THIRD EDITION LAST WEEK.)

A special messenger arrived this morning from London,
and brought to the Town Hall, from Mr. Stephenson,
twenty-five copies of that talented gentleman's report on
the Water question ; and through the polite attention of
the Chairman of the Water Committee (Mr. Procter), we
have been favoured with an early copy, and proceed to
lay before our readers the most salient points of that im-
portant document.

The report occupies no fewer than fifty-eight pages of
printed matter, besides an immense mass of tabular sta-
tistics, most elaborately drawn up.

Mr. Stephenson enters most minutely into the various
questions submitted to. him. He contends (contrary to
the report we. reeeiy,ed. yesterday) that we cannot pre-

TO COMPLETE THAT SCHEME.
Mr. Stephenson says the water from the sandstone fr
preferred for drinking, whilst that from Rivington, from
its softness, is better for almost every other purpose ;
the former may be said to be the most palatable, and the
latter the most useful.
The following concluding remarks are too important to
be omitted--

I now come to address myself to the last question put
to me, namely,—
" Under all the circumstances of the case, what
course is recommended to be pursued ? "
In the progress of this report I hope I have succeeded
in explaining the conclusions to which I have arrived at
each step of the investigation, and made intelligible the
facts and reasons on which they are based. The follow-
ing are the results, in my judgment, established as regards
the Supply from Wells :
That the new red sandstone in and about Liverpool
does contain a very large reservoir of water.
That it is fissured most extensively.
That a sympathy, varying in degree, does in conse-
quence exhibit itself between wells, and generally
the mass of sandstone may, for all practical purpo-
ses, be regarded as exceedingly permeable.
That notwithstanding this extensive permeability,
individual wells sunk into it are not proved to be
capable of yielding a supply, much, if at all, ex-
ceeding one million of gallons a day.
That a slight tendency has evinced itself of the salt
water from the river making its way into the mass
of sandstone rock upon which Liverpool stands.
That if any attempt be made to obtain an increased
supply by deepening the present wells much below
the range of the tide, this tendency will be accele-
rated in velocity and very materially increased in
amount.
That there is no probability of an adequate increase
of the supply of water being obtained from the
existing wells by boring or sinking them deeper.
That the various proposals for obtaining water by
sinking at one point in the immediate vicinity of
Liverpool will not produce the stipulated quantity.
That no position offers itself as eligible for the con-
struction of adequate reservoirs in the Childwall or
Alt Valley.
And, finally, That the most, if not the only, feasible
plan for making the water contained in the sand-
stone available for the purposes named in the in-
structions, is to sink a series of wells scattered
over a large area of country lying to the east or
north-east of the town.
Having thus expressed my opinions in reference to the
various plans which have been suggested in or near Li-
verpool for the attainment of the great object in view, and
I trust disposed of the engineering questions, my conclu-
ding remarks will be confined simply to the prudence and
policy of carrying out the scheme.
The estimates, which have been prepared with the ut-
most care, certainly declare in favour of this project, as
far as present economy is concerned ; but in weighing
this advantage, it is essential to bear in mind that the
capital has been charged with 4} per cent. interest,
whereas I know that corporate bodies are raising money
at 4 per cent. for similar objects. This modification in
the rate of interest would necessarily reduce the mone-
tary superiority, and if the proper decision depended
solely on this point, further remark would be needless;
but as "I am confident, when the honour was done of
referring the full consideration of this important matter
to me, it was not intended that I should be placed under
any restrictions whatever, (and in this spirit I construe the
instructions,) I am impelled at once to declare, that
in carrying out this system of wells, several very grave
difficulties and contingencies suggest themselves.
In the first place, a yield of from a million to a million
and a quarter has been calculated upon from each well,
and the computation is based upon the most careful revi-
sion of all the facts that have been elicited, but it cannot
be overlooked that this supply may be in some instances
interfered with. It is true that such an interference may
at present appear remote, but this circumstance does not
in my mind justify the neglect of taking it into account ;
on the contrary, when we are c mtemplating the expendi-
ture of a large amount of public money, it seems of the
last importance to render its value permanent, and this is
obviously achieved by making its utility permanent.
I will not for one moment conceal from you that this
part of the subject cannot be freed entirely from doubt ;
but suppose that it be so, the next step for consideration
is the probability of obtaining parliamentary powers over
so extensive an era of country as is absolutely necessary,
and there cannot be a question that a formidable opposi-
tion will have to be encountered, which, if even not en-
tirely'successful, would certainly obtain restrictive clauses
that might embarrass the undertaking much beyond what
I have ventured to contemplate in the estimate of the
annual cost of working. In any event, to secure the ne-
cessary powers could not fail to be very costly.
In addition to this, it is impossible to throw out of the
balance of circumstances the position of the Rivington
project:—the powers have been obtained at a large expense
of time and money, and numerous prospective interests
have been dealt with and adjusted; large contracts have
been entered into, and certain responsibilities must be
met. These, from the authentic statements which have
been laid before me, cannot fall short of £70,000 or
£BO,OOO, the interest of which, in the event of the aban-
donment of the Rivington plan, must of course become an
annual charge on the Well system.
Such are tne circumstances which in any dispassionate
mode of treating the subject must be allowed their due
weight; and with this conviction I have anxiously endea-
voured to give to each its proper influence, both present
and prospective. The contested parts of the project have
had my uninterrupted study since I was on the ground,
and I believe it has been made evident :
That the Rivington scheme is adequate to the supply
of an abundance of water to meet both the imme-
diate wants of the town, and also the prospective
demands which may arise from any probable in-
crease of population for the next twenty years to
come.
That the reservoirs are fitted for such a storage as
will secure an uniform and copious supply at all
seasons.
That little apprehension need be entertained respect-
ing the mains being carried over the Wigan Coal-
field.
And that with proper care the total cost should not
come up to the amount which has been stated.
Believing, as I do, most sincerely that these qualifica-
tions are possessed by the Rivington plan, I come to the
deliberate opinion that, after having expended such large
sums of money, and incurred such heavy responsibilities
to obtain an abundant supply of water of unquestionable
quality from an unfailing source by means of gravitation,
and consequently at a comparatively inconsiderable annual
outlay, the inhabitants of Liverpool would be deserting
their true interests, both present and prospective, if they
failed to hold fast the powers which they now possess,
and may never again be able to obtain, for accomplishing,
in the most perfect manner, a great social advantage now
so much and so universally sought after, and were to
abandon them for an alternative which I am convinced is
surrounded with difficulty and uncertainty.
In thus distinctly and unequivocally expressing the
conclusion I have come to, I feel that I am only perform-
ing that duty which the importance of the occasion, and
the high trust reposed in me by the unanimous appoint-
ment of the Town Council, alike demanded.
ROBERT STEPHENSON
24, GREAT GEORGE-STREET, WESTMINSTER,
March 28th, 1850

ease were stated last week,
dozily rely upon a sufficient supply by deepening the ex- THE POISONING IN ,NORFOLK.—The principal fea-
o deaths have to be added
hasistinbgecwoemlles,
some
e extent,
reservoird deteriorated'
rwioartaertedun
bd
yer
continuedLit,e pool
andtlit es w ofa
are
extraordinary
that
to those of Mr. Page and hie son. This deplorable af-
-tothsaot mi
and extensive pumping, and that as we have expended so fair still excites universal attention throughout the coun-
much on the Rivington project WE SHOULD BE ARAN- try, but is still enveloped in mystery.
DONING OUR TRUE INTERESTS IF WE NOW NEGLECTED Information of a vague nature has been given to the po-
lice of Chesham, Bucks, relative to the alleged. murder of
two women. The remains of two women have been found
at a spot indicated, and it is believed that some foul crime
has been perpetrated. The circumstances are under in-
vestigation.
A PROVIDENT THIEF.—On Thursday, at the Guild.
hall, a prisoner, charged with uttering base coin, a well-
known thief, on being searched, was found to have in his
possession a savings'-bank book, in his own name), and it
appeared that he deposited his ill-acquired savings in that
institution.
At the vestry meeting of the parish of St. Giles;
Durham, last week, the Rev. F. Thompson said that as
he had never been able to appoint a churchwarden wha
gave him satisfaction, he had resolved to nominate him-
self, which he did, notwithstanding the loud protests of
the meeting.
On Tuesday evening, two carpenters employed in mak-
ing alterations in the second tier of boxes in the Strand
Theatre, quarrelled and fought, and one of them threw
the other, named Matthews, over the front panelling into
the orchestra, falling with him. Matthews is dangerously
injured : the other man, who fell uppermost, was not
much hurt, and is in custody.
THE ORPHAN WORKING SCHOOL.—The Queen has
been pleased to present to the above institution, as no-
minee in right of Her Majesty's munificent donation of
250 guineas, Joseph Parrett, one of seven children of the
Rev. C. E. Parrett, Independent minister of Mevagissey,
Cornwall. His wife died of cholera last year, and his in-
come arising from all sources is under £7O a year.
AN IMPROVED VERSION ?—A school-boy (resident not
one hundred miles from Burnley) was repeating a task in
geography the other day, and came to the passage which
states that " the established religion in this country is
episcopacy." The hopeful pupil, however, boldly ren-
dered it " the established religion of this country is hy-
pocrisy," which the worthy Dominic considered so likely
a case as to allow him to proceed uncorrected.
The Mayor of Southampton has refused to sign about
forty summonses of parties who have declined paying
church rates in that town. The Mayor also presided at
an anti-state church meeting, held last week in South-
ampton. This is the worthy who, as one of the '...'eace-
mongering Society, was so successfully ridiculed by Major
Edwardes at the Shrewsbury dinner, for refusing to re-
ceive Lord Gough with civic honours.
A LUCKY BRICKMAKER.—Mr. Thomas Haines, of
Cheltenham, some time ago obtained the contract for
erecting a very large building in the neighbourhood of
Worcester, and it is calculated in its erection about four
millions of bricks will be used. As he has up to the
present time only made about one-tenth of that number,
the removal of the duty will save him, in this building
alone, between £9OO and £lOOO.
THE COTTON AND OTHER TRADES.—In the whole of
Great Britain in the year 1841, there were employed
214,780 shoemakers, 126,137 tailors, making together
340,917 individuals engaged in those trades, whilst the
number of persons occupied in all branches of the cotton
manufacture did not exceed 280,889. The figures will no
doubt surprise many who have been taught to regard the
cotton interest as the most important in the country, and
one for the maintenance of which no national sacrifice
could be deemed too large.
A NAVVY'S ACCOUNT BooK.--A sub-contractor on
the railway was summoned before the magistrates as-
sembled at Ulverston, last week, for refusing to pay
wages. One of the complainants handed in his book of
the time he had worked, and said the magistrates would
very likely not be able to read his writing. He said,
" You see, sir, I am only a poor writer, and when I had
made one whole day, I make what I call a horse box,
; for three quarters of a day re, ; for half a day ;
and for a quarter of a day —." This statement excited
considerable laughter in the court, and ultimately the
wages were paid.
PROLIFIC PINCUSHION.—It has often been a matter of
surprise what becomes of the multitudes of pins and
needles daily disappearing in a house, no one knows how.
The following incident will show where a few of the lost
needles may be found. A lady of our acquaintance, a
thrifty housekeeper, laid her hand the other day on an old
pincushion, which had been in the house for a generation ;
and feeling something inside pricking her finger, she had
the curiosity to cut it open and empty out the bran, when,
to her amazement, needles of every description lay about
in bristling array. After picking them all out, she counted
the astounding number of 273 serviceable needles, 20 of
them large stocking ones, besides a number of broken
pins.—Dundee Courier.
ANOTHER MURDER BY PROCURING ABORTION.—A
short time since, a young woman named Ann Tollington,
aged 27, finding herself enciente, went to a certain house
in St. James's-street, where one of these practitioners
gladly offered to relieve her from the consequences of an
illegitimate birth. The young woman consented, and a
drug was given to her, but this failing, the woman made
use of an instrument. The child was soon afterwards
born, and Tollington, after living for a few days in unut-
terable agony, at length expired. The accused person ab-
sconded on perceiving the serious turn things were taking,
and has not yet been apprehended. The following verdict
was returned :—" That the deceased died from perilonitis
after premature labour, such labour appearing to have
been produced by mechanical means."—Notting.Journ.
LOZENGE HocusslNG.—On the 16th instant, a man
residing at Handsworth, was travelling by
- railway from
Edinburgh to Birmingham, when two men in the same
carriage offered him and a fourth passenger a lozenge
each. The fourth man ate his lozenge, and slept all the
way to Birmingham. The Handsworth man did not eat
his lozenge, nevertheless he fell asleep for a few miles,
and on awaking found that he had been robbed of £l2.
He accused one of the lozenge-givers of robbing him,
but, of course, the man denied all knowledge of the rob-
bery. Strange to say, he made no effort to have the men
apprehended, and the two " hocussers" left the train at
Crewe in order to go to Manchester. The Handsworth
man did not at first connect the lozenge-giving with the
robbery, as he only gave information of the matter to the
Birmingham police on the 27th, probably after seeing
some account of similar hocussing in a newspaper.
Worcestershire Chronicle.
RIOT AT GREENWICH FAIR.—The three days of
Greenwich fair closed on Wednesday night, previous to
which a quarrel took place in front of Richardson's trav-
elling show between a soldier of the Royal Artillery and
a person who was standing in the crowd ; and there be-
ing a great number of soldiers at the fair, a general row
was the result, during the progress of which the military
behaved with great violence, and inflicted serious injuries
on all who opposed them. They rushed in a body up the
steps of the theatre, and having gained possession of the
platform, they forthwith commenced a violent attack upon
the performers and the audience, as well as the crowd
below. Men, women, and children, were similarly
attacked, and having gained possession of the swords,
staves, and other theatrical properties, they were used as
weapons of warfare. The police arriving on the ground,
the soldiers made another fearful onslaught, and knocked
down several of the police and civilians. The latter in
their turn fought desperately with the artillery and ma-
rines, and a great number were seriously wounded, some
being carried off with their heads cut open. After some
resistance the police succeeded in apprehending five of
the more desperate soldiers. These were instantly
marched off to the East Greenwich station. They soon
after captured sixteen more of the ringleaders, whom they
conveyed to the Greenwich lock-up.
THE TAILORING TRADE.—A very numerously atten-
ded meeting of the journeymen tailors of the metropolis
was held last week in London, Alderman Sidney, M.P.,
in the chair. The chairman detailed at length the evils
from which the operative tailors were daily suffering, and
dwelt at some length upon the fact that the Government
system of clothing the army by convict labour, and other-
wise giving low prices, had in a great measure caused the
present depression. The Government allowed for the
clothing of the infantry £255,000 yearly, and there were
105 infantry colonels, who, exclusive of other remunera-
tion, derived on the average £6OO yearly each as profit
upon the soldiers' clothing. These colonels received out
of the £255,000 as much as £64,000 altogether, or in fact
25 per cent., and of course it was their interest to get any
hands, whoever they might be, to make that clothing at
the lowest possible amount, to obtain the largest possible
profit. The price allowed for making a soldier's great
coat was 5d., and out of that the workmen had to find
candles and thread. A good workman would make a
great coat in less than a day—two could make in one day
three great coats, and thus realize between them Is. 3d.,
inclusive of the cost of thread, &c. The London tailors
had every reason to attempt the overthrow of such a sys-
tem, which he was sorry to say extended in some degree
to the other branches of industry. It had come within
his own personal observation, that the widow of an emi-
nent physician who was in the deepest distress, and who
had two children to provide for, earned only 3d. a day by
making shirt-wristbands. He hoped that the attention
of the Legislature would be directed to this shameful
evil, for although a Government could not be expected to
regulate the price of labour, it might do much to prevent
its undue depression.
ARE THE POOR BETTER OFF.—The Morning Chronicle
has recently published many startling disclosures as to
the real condition of the operative classes. The following
reports must have caused serious misgivings to that free-
trade organ :-- A workman in the slop trade.—My
average clear earnings are 10s. a week, and I am employed
all the year round, and never lose a day. At first I could
earn near upon 365. I am quite satisfied that the low
wages do not arise from too many English hands, but
there is a wholesale importation of cheap labour every
year. Germans, Polish Jews, Prussians, Austrians, Bel-
gians, and Hungarians, come over like Italian boys."—
An inferior workman in the slop trade.—" I make on an
average ss. or 6s. a week clear. Occasionally I can make
from Bs. to 9s. clear ; but for that I must begin work at
six in the morning, and sit close at it till eleven at night,
or seventeen hours a day, and work on Sunday. Seven
years ago (1843. Sir ROBERT PEEL'S tariff in 1842) I
alone could get, by working twelve hours a day Ar six
days in the week one-fourth more than my wife and I
can get now by slaying day and night and ALL THE SUN-
DAY LONG. MY COMFORTS HAVE NOT INCREASED IN
ANY WAY WITH THE DECREASE IN THE PRICE OF
PROVISIONS. Bread, tea, meat, and sugar, are all
cheaper, and yet I can safely say lam twice as badly off
as I was then. And so, I know, are all the people in my
trade. OUR WAGES HAVE GONE DOWN MORE THAN
PROVISIONS ; that is to say, WE WORK MORE THAN
TWICE AS HARD AS WE DID, AND OUR WIVES TOO, AND
LESS FOOD AND LESS COMFORT." Another inferior
workman."—" When I first began I could earn, by my
own unassisted labour, 365. a week, or more. Now I, my
wife, two boys, and two girls, Sunday and long hours,
cannot earn more than 30s. Provisions are cheaper than
they were, certainly ; but wages I have found fall faster
and sooner than provisions, SO CHEAP TEA AND SLTGAB'S
LITTLE BENEFIT."

vehenubeforetr
iRAPIDnont
whwei
were
irLeeuhel -rpTdiaEnl
Mayor,Rp
of their friends, in
ail'ehbrnleAei.Ko Is
minutesNttoihGenee. One of
oo?odfpnmyri lot , MsdALuLoc
produce
, .dual , ,
i:otile 5 sie0000:001,11, ';,'oi
butter from four quarts of cream. The - lev'ed
reee° 101
its great simplicity. It operates on a .-c-, the •
as was acknowledged by all who witnesl is 0,1
The mechanical action of the air, whit be''
the cream in such a manner that a theroug Ow
re°o
the particles takes place, prevents the c pi
on the surface, and does its work with o,,,ath°o
,I
and in the most complete manner. -`„,'" tsfroyi
experiment of Monday exceeded the exll-,.,t el if '
before whom it was made; the stateree'olo', 0,
exhibitors being that the butter would b:eAftSir ' Iti:ieti,
cream in twelve minutes, and from reilk2vono ,;,t to 'ttlke,
The butter was washed in the churn L').ailli ' hsfaliti,t+l ''
milk, putting in cold water, and Prf,,--pdio,' 14 k•'411% kr
against the sides of the churn, moving '''":o,ila 7 I„;kilaNt oilor Rio
and forwards, and changing the water . , ,I.ll'tpl4l'sln4 on
clear. , itt ; 0 itl/41'kkt;',Nh, ia7heZlei
EMIGRATION AND RAGGED SCIIOOI',-.. 00,ils, , 1k0).,119V NI." Wit
held last week on behalf of five Voutive, ieff , t. 61.0'h 0'h,1,11
England, from the Ragged Dormitori, a Aslltiolii , lin4Nl'alitZThe
street, Westminster, the chairman, LIA isee pe ),1 , ‘tk't p„,The °it
on the intending emigrants to address tro freje 0 , , .1,,, 'N<Z...l4iLsl'l.!
out of the five ascribed their fall to ta,,ea p,' , ' 6tatß,,, '
saloons and theatres; and they all „,..relB"eci ,hilf ' ;N\i,..4,,,kttrk", AN,
which they had been brought to the /wig to ,A, , ' ,Titt,itt,4 ~... , ,wie, ~
the:hope with which they looked fool's,. ~,,,- , ,i„, litv, st.
fate. The last—Stephen Whitehead, 8,51;4°0 11i41,11,,'11^74r0h......111,41
gent-looking lad, of one or two-an"""-,, olp , . ~,4,..t Ls-. A,,
emotion that he had, unfortunatelY, ;es" ~.1',)11,, I, lc"e,,ll,a(liti
tale to tell than any one who had aP?„„'' i; 01414 1' ~,'N'ith,_ " rorii
before he had lost his mother. She TV 'if . ' Iflitif:,,.oiii..."---v,
with her endeavours honestly to suPPar,glollo,4l ill .' I. Itkii' rlitt-ab
at length expired in the workhouse, a jol 6,014, 'iatk ,caii:afc
carried by two men. (At this point, 01:vbitellsr , i'.,lslikili,,,, 1
out the greater part of the narrative, rogelsil ;itlkfk -re at
much affected that he was frequently 9u de 0' i 4tk rtititt:tathi
to his tears.) He had seen her with beans
.I,!cisol '' I, k,•11ri1!1ik,..41:1,0_
to the burial ground, and deposited
~,i- 0,0, )I„kl4i,lit.,- -ti
„,, 'l, ' • --‘,ll,
would not describe the scene. It 'c-b • t,,,,, ,t h
that, after the funeral, he was brougbt.,:cle ,' ' „_,%„-ek b; e.;
thiovue,set—iehded,
down
od atobrtohtehehrawtehdo
hwtasliksl:o;w:o-000.1108 ,
,i. k
..iszi,,
kk 4,4;
country—in a word, a convict. He r, by it 01 VIII 4
the workhouse, but was contaminateu, gto p kitirmfoorr
taminated. He called upon the meet:ion ptedo ki\lititit:;lherield
position, and think of the course he a A big. )th: Iltit4ll4
the walls of the workhouse, and found lookmfrr ike., ~ a roenc,
unfettered in the middle of a street, 8111,.,,e5!,`e i Wands
subsistence. There were but two ocu'ieosluis
~ 4sil,tki t
steal. He had never been taught to ,of tip,
sk, vile ele
t.. 1.4 j
irnegsDao
loaf, sibltoagseantti,sfyanhdu:tgaekri:gbea
wleaenf:,:biletpuiegeflrit' 4e 4 I°r It
perience) begging was considered
country much more disgraceful thainti,,fe'l:olll;lll:3l'; ;
.141iti,t1b-Al Illitfletlh'ln4rrui
ty401411,446: for
the accomplished burglar ; bu, Wig' (Role pooh
: 0 ' . ft Ili AYr
lady's pocket in Cheapside het was coil ~00ed oh ~ '‘' Nth% 2.!
mill and a prison. When released, he ' the OA re , Nil.,, been
made for him, and was cast loose uPI,,,e rjes , ittkitkittitpL4 ~._
as when he entered. Prison disciPu":, 0101;30 Vit:illtZ 14,lert:
effect in reforming the criminal, bec11410040010„0# ' -iiatiie%iiti.el:
compulsory, and every one had to 'ci scli„is cit / liOtb, 'r\ e4l,,l,,igerii
blished rules and regulations. Raggeeiple7, YtVtA, (44
true antidote to crime, for their Pr'ilita 50_3,1 fro' i° ' ,e)tZ,V, A
adherence to their voluntary lawa•A 0011700 h 1,4"11t11',4,..,1'0f,,,141,11.
like a blessed dream since he hl"heard Zio
,i 4 jr )iayik..iV,Zotrice. AI
school, for it was there that he had beard j,iS k'e,ic
school, for it was there that lie sjooo ';Orir ' NirrNilk*•-;'
of love and kindness uttered to hi° a- a 0-09 ,- .- bold,"F'3'
died. Kind words, he said, opened,.
ovia,
vi a i . , 11114,44,k4rii....Le:
warm sunshine does the petals of a P the clotiperOir I'l4l, 14,k 44:41Y
words of harshness shut them fraal Ipreas, iiis kratolk °kr, nla,
them for ever. He then ended bY .e WI 44. , itol
htuedeoemfioorawhhaetreahfatedrbeaenn
hdoonneestforanhaltai"oefeht
to 01, Sl44.tfilkiolell:Airl
cd o i 311(1r Iv
society.
__The earrice co AO Vok,_Rt,thp v. ...,...; 1
FINE FLOWING RINGLETS• ape ti, rj stze):‘nth, .ork
infants and young children is, 1,31,‘ mote:4o sirj . NI itclikfroi4 1
and nurses, too little regarded- l'ut orgllo ,lr Oft lot._tt;t high
injurious than the supposition thaw.
...el 1' ~, , 1341,5 47 oittaii I?,
oilook
ticular can continue with ilnPuntbe ea' ,j,lO ' , il:wi;:t4,,,si;',ll,l
strength or weakness are laid in it of/ties'rej 'j, "1,41 qt ""ith A;ila
majority of the fine flowing ringl_' 41 'pc bikeotlit, al
after years, are traceable to this cep (~' Nilttait)t,(llll Tit
RIDGE'S BALM OF COLUMBIA, °.; prod
00,, . )I,lterekqeWith 1
genial and invigorating qualitie- Ic"olisrlf •
,A 1 01 / Ilylopitiq.lie:at A
storing the growth of the hair . P for APS. ei it' ' 'IVL of
.(Ilietice: at
eery
ec
rycorwdihnegretopethrseopnrailntaeid di - i°l2tijabc°l l'ii lir A -40 rk 4t,
klk 11l daring
the tender years of infan• and c bele- 14.,
s i ages anroaelbsbe"ed , ilittiocti,.'49, hes
tion should be witho it. For eth,. r,icb',..i. At \., %till tj,....kitt ~11 tl
balm is pre-emin:. . A 50° or gurirobl'or: i I 1/4, clat:
appearance, witbA gentle weiveibe ochta ift , i "'Pe ), 44d 14,
luxuriant, and4raceful,. being • the btlilou ' , 4,, 1 v!t,meet '
its use. Foicleanaing the hair..
_..., pities ,'lff 104,_11ro,stit st.
able, as it effects this essential 0111°;;repiol \ Qi2,3174, 1,711, ht
arrtheanngaatititrit4atl, moisture ;oindunfelfitztuPogrepl7oo.'ordii i, '
11441:44\41.%441,41,i Ncit,titc
who use,..orilinary detergent in 6i, so 09,, '4l4)rwift
Price3s 6d., 01.1) JOU
remove scurf. • k for i,no I,- ibliii
no other prices are
13
,Wellington-street North, DP' de
genuine. 1te...--.0, P-001 g
~7•5.001140t° ".
/:94106.31huutehiompkteeleoprars.04pperstase

~peS;nll
s, O"e at
48tant

Cc

e.
t.u,kip,,
he
44 at

witotZ thit trot,
4,oh,r4'ort. '1
rnia,
411'd