The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-06-06 00:00:00

IEI tOtritt Rellls,

The Installation of the Bishop of Chester is to take
place on the 16th instant, in the cathedral of the diocese.

HOARDING ur.—At the last Garstang market one per-
son offered for sale no less than 111 loads of old potatoes.
At this season of the year one-fourth of that quantity is
considered a large stock.
INSTINCT IN BIRDS.—On Tuesday, two boys, residing
at Great Harwood, near Blackburn, robbed a lark's nest
of the young ones, which were nearly fledged. They
removed them to their residence, about half a mile dis-
tant ; yet on the following morning the old birds found
their way through a hole in the broken window, and when
discovered were engaged in feeding their young brood,
which were prisoners in the cage.
EMPLOYMENT IN MANCHESTER.—The official report
for the present week, indicating the state of employment
in the borough of Manchester, discloses further proofs of
declining trade. Nearly 900 hands, heretofore engaged
in full work, have been discharged from that rate of em-
ployment, whilst upwards of .500 are placed on short
time, and from 300 to 400 are thrown wholly out of em-
ployment. The results of the report are as follows :
Number working full time last week, 30,272 ; in the
present week, 29,390. Number working short time last
last week, 6,675 ; present week; 7,229. The number of
hands wholly out of employment last week was 8,520 ;
in the present week the number is 1,144.
CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY.—On Sunday last,
June 4th, two sermons were preached in the Parish
Church of Croston, near Rufford, by the Rev. Henry
Powell, secretary to the Church Missionary Association,
after which the sum of £l3 was collected in aid of that
valuable society. The children of the Sunday-schools,
who presented a very neat and clean appearance, walked
in procession in the morning to the rectory, where, after
singing a hymn in a very impressive and affecting man-
ner, they were addressed in suitable terms by Mr. Powell.
They then proceeded, headed by the venerable and dearly-
esteemed rector, to the beautiful church, to attend the
usual morning service. The inhabitants of the village
appeared much interested in the scene. The present rec-
tor (the Rev. Mr. Masters) will, next month, have pre-
sided over the spiritual welfare of the parish for fifty years,
and has, during that unusually long period, always mani-
fested the utmost solicitude for the well-being of his pa-
rishioners, by all of whom he is much beloved and re-
spected. We hope some step will be taken to perpetuate
the recollection of his labours for half a century.

CHARTIST DISTURBANCES.—OR WedlleSday, a troop
of infantry and another of pensioners arrived at Bingley
from Bradford, and immediately after two troops of
hussars arrived, from Oxley into Bingley, in order to
assist the civil authorities in the apprehension of a number
of men, who, on Friday, rescued to chartist prisoners,
whom Mr. Busfeild Ferrand, late M.P. for Knaresborough,
had committed to York Castle for training individuals in
military movements. The soldiers remain in the town,
but no outbreak was apprehended. On Wednesday, the
threatened demonstration of chartists and repealers in
Manchester, went off as everybody expected. The autho-
rities prohibited the meeting, and issued a caution to all
well-disposed persons to keep within their houses. The
rebels did not enter Manchester, perceiving that _ample
arrangements were made to meet them, but resolved to
hold the meeting at Failsworth. Mr. John Henry, son
of the member for the county, who was acting as a moun-
ted patrol, was attempting to apprehend a man rioting in
Oldham-road, when the fellow suddenly stabbed Mr.
Henry in the face with a pike or sharp weapon. Although
arms were not generally displayed by the crowd, yet the
instant they were called for they were more numerous
than was anticipated. Several arrests were made during
the day. At Walsden on Sunday week, between 2,000
and 3,000 met mostly armed with bludgeons, the different
ranks preceded by black banners, with pike-heads on
the tops. They marched in full military array, apparently
well-drilled, and a terriffic storm of thunder and lightning
hail and rain, had no effect in thinning their ranks.

EXTRAORDINARY OPTICAL ILLUSION. - Professor
Wheatsone, in his indefatigable researches into the ab-
struse, but beautifully interesting, phenomena of light
and optics, discovered a property in optics, previous to the
perfecting of calotype pictures, to which Mr. Cundell has
since successfully applied it, and,which, while most extra-
ordinary, in an optical point of view, will probably lead to
discoveries in the delicate arts of obtaining sun-light pic-
tures, and the effects resulting from them, of very consi-
derable importance. A board is provided about two feet
long, and a few inches in breadth, at each end of which is
an upright piece truly perpendicular, with a grove at top
and bottom, for sliding in a picture ; in the centre of this
board, at the height of the centre of the uprights, are
placed two small mirrors, at angle of 45 degrees, with the
edges of the board, or 90 degrees with each other, in front
of which is a piece of metal with sight holes, sufficiently
apart to suit the sight. On placing two calotype pictures
of the same object in the grooves, against the uprights—
such, for instance, as a jug, vase, piece of statuary, geo-
metrical figures, &c., each eye of course sees the reflec-
tion in the corresponding mirror of one picture only, the
left hand picture being seen by the left eye, and the right
hand picture by the right eye ; yet, the singular result of
this arrangement is, that the spectator sees before him a
fac simile of the object from which the pictures were ob-
tained in its original state, with the lights, the shadows,
the under cuttings, and all the full roundedness and pro-
jecting points of the solid body. In fact, so complete and
beautiful is the illusion, that it is impossible, by any at-
tempt, to see the pictures as viewed separately, and a
perfectly finished solid body is represented to the eye of
the astonished viewer. It must be pictures taken by sun
light, in different points of sight, to have the effect, as no
two drawings by hand could be done sufficiently correct to
prevent confusion in the shadows, and meeting of the
corresponding lines. Professor Wheatstone, in the first
instance, applied it to the representation of geometrical
solids, which may be drawn mathematically true, and
shaded to Nature.

OUR PRESENT POSITION.-It was impossible. that we
should not in. some degree feel the effect of the continual
revolutions. Itwas impossible that one part of the politi-
cal machinery of Europe should be out of order without
the rest being disturbed at the same time. Two-thirds of
the continent have been upsetting, destroying, and recon-
structing for the last three months. Society has been dis-
organized, institutions overturned, and trade palsied.
That England should retain her composure, that English
commerce should maintain its stability, and English capi-
tal its security at such a crisis, was just as unlikely as that
the pulsations of the heart should remain unchanged by a
shock in the system and a fracture of the extremities. The
disturbance of Lyons vibrates to the looms of Manches-
ter ; the convulsions of Paris and Berlin are felt in Liver-
pool and London. The distress of the burgeoiseie and the
Burgersehaft reacts on the manufacturer and the mer-
chant ; and if the operative of Lancashire or Yorkshire
seems worse off than his compeer at Paris, it is only be-
cause his master is not anticipating his wages by a com-
pulsory tax, nor exhausting on idleness the means of
creating wealth and remunerative labour. The distress in
the commercial world is indeed great; but the wonder is
that is not greater. France is wholly, and Germany is.
partially, withdrawn from the sphere of mercantile corres-
pondence. They make nothing, they import nothing,
they order nothing. The stagnation of their silk imparts
lethargy to our cotton. The palsy of French machinery
clogs the action of its British fellow-labourer. When
wheels cease to play and jennies to spin, coal and iron be-
come superfluities. Two staple trades in England are
thus struck down by one heavy blow. And on these two
many besides depend for support, energy, and life ! It is
no wonder that in such a state of things men should be-
come discontented. At any time distress like the present
would be acutely felt. But now it is worse than at any
other. It comes at the climax of a period of bitter suf-
fering. It comes after the train of misery occasioned by
an unexampled dearth. It comes after unprecedented
sums have been sent abroad for cotton and corn. It
comes, too, while the rec ollection of the years '45 and '46
is still strong in men's minds, years of golden visions and
gorgeous extravagance. To expect that men should reason
calmly, wait patiently, and suffer silently under such con-
ditions, is irreconcileable with the dictates of common
sense and the lessons of ordinary experience. It is at such
a time that the new reform movement commences in the
north. It must be admitted that the scene is well selected.
The first precept of the dramatist, Si vis me fiere, &c., is
duly obeyed. In no other place could agitation rouse so
great a multitude or command so great a spmpathy. The
speakers and the hearers are alike in the same boat. A
man has but to look around him, and his eye is sure to
light on hundreds in the same plight as himself, merchants
without capital, brokers without commissions, manufac-
turers without orders, and all the long series of trading
and professional men, whose fortunes and subsistence de-
pend upon the prosperity of a great commercial depot, or
a large and crowded port—all stunned, dismayed, and
pauperized, not by one crisis, but by an array of revolu-
tions, not one of which could have been foretold twelve
months ago. It is strange that Birmingham and Liver-
pool should seize this opportunity for proclaiming their
grievances, courting sympathy, and demanding relief ?
Timm