The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1833-11-26 00:00:00

MODES OF SALUTATION.

The Dutch, who are consideredgiealeiters, have a morning
salutation, common amongst all ranks—" Sinaokelvk ecten !'
—" May you eat a hearty dinner !" Another, probably adopted
in the early periods of the republic, when the people were mostly
navigators and fishermen, is—" Hae vaart awe ?"—" How do
you sail?"
'rbe common salutation in the southern provinces of China,
amongst the lower orders, is—" Ya, fan ? Have you eaten
your rice ?" When the Chinese meet, after a long separation,
they fall on their knees, bend their faces to the earth two or
three times, and use many other affected modes. They have
also a kind of ritual, or "academy of compliments," by which
they regulate the number of bows, ~enuflections, and words to
be spoken upon any occasion. Ambassadors practise their
ceremonies forty days 1 efore they appear at court.
The Japanese take off a slipper, and the people of Arracan
their sandles in the street,' and heir stockings in the house,
when they salute.
In Otaheite they rub their noses together.
The inhabitants of Cannene, when they would show a parti-
cular attachment, breathe a vein, and present the blood to their
friend as a beverag,e.
Two Negro Kings, on the coast of Africa, salute by snapping
the middle finger three times.
An Ethiopian takes the robe off the person he meets, and tics
it about him, so as to leave his friend almost naked.
The inhabitants of the Philippines bend very low, placing
their hands on their cheek, and raise one foot in the air, with
the knee bent. They also take a person's hand or foot, and rub
it over their face.
Greenlanders have none. Laplanders apply their noses
straightly against the person they salute.
In the Straits of the Sound, they raise the left foot of the
person saluted, pass it gently over the right leg, and over the face.

Two jurors were fined ten dollars each in the Superior Court
of North Carolina, for having fallen asleep during a trial which
was to have been submitted to their consideration. Their happy
insensibility was not discovered until the other ten jurors had
retired.—Seto York paper.

Eiturpool tanDarD.

TUESDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 26, 1833.

Our readers will observe that the present is the first
number of the third volume of the LIVERPOOL STANDARD.
We have now been in existence more than a year and a
day, and we are proud to say that our labours in the ser-
vice of the public have obtained for us a larger circula-
tion, and brought to our support a greater number of
zealous friends, than have fallen to the lot of any public
journal in the same period of time. Not to us be any of
the praise ! We have only done our duty to the best of
our humble abilities, in a cause which we rejoice to say
is every day becoming more national. The principle's of
the LIVERPOOL STANDARD, much misrepresented as they
still are, have been fairly and fearlessly put to the test in
this part of England, and they have triumphed ! The
public voice has responded to our call, and men of all
ranks and classes—the wealthy and the good—the wise
and the well-disposed—the really noble and the truly pa-
triotic—all who love their country and have anything to
lose—all who revere religion and the laws—have now
seen the justice and utility of conservative principles, and
have cordially rallied round ou'r conservative standard.
Oar creed is that of cur country—its honour, its wel-
fare, its happiness. We are of no party ; we are no
respecters of names or men. Whatever is for the national
good is our passion—whatever is congenial to the interests
and honour of our fatherland is with us a sacred preju-
dice which no sneers can assail, no opposition bear down.
We stand upon the old highways and the beaten paths
of the constitution, the enemies alike of royal or popular
usurpations; and we are determined to stand at our post,
and maintain our opinions unawed by dishonest ministers
or factious conspiracies in the worst of times. There
are men whose aim is to overturn and destroy, under the
pretext of repairing and improving the institutions of
the country. With these men we are at open war. We
have, however, no personal rancour to indulge, no per-
sonal enmity to gratify, no wrongs to avenge ; but having
noble principles to defend, and sound views of policy
to advocate, we will never shrink from the performance
of our duty. He only is our enemy who is the enemy
of his country, and who for the sake of personal aggran-
disement would lower England- in the estimation of
Europe, and pollute public morals by a sanguinary revo-
lution and civil war. We desire the preservation of the
monarchy and the pure religion of the reformation. In
this holy cause we have put our hands to the plough, and
God forgive us if we ever turn back !

.• The anirs in Spain seem to be fast hastening to a
crisis. In Madrid cries of " down with the Queen," and
"down with lea," her prime minister, are frequent, .and
the whole kingdom is evidently in a state of distraction.
In Portugal. Dos PEDRO, supported by foreign merce-
naries, still retains possession of Lisbon, while Don Mt-
GUEL appears to have gone into winter-quarters at
Santarem. Oporto is also in the bands of the Pedroites,
but all the rest of the kingdom is in the power of DON
NIIGEEL, and nine-tenths of the people are devoted to his
Pause.

We have been somewhat at a loss to account for the
apathy and the apparent impolicy of the measures of DON
MIGUEL; but what has recently occurred has helped to an
explanation. The slurring process seems to be the one
adopted. MIGUEL knows that his troops have little or no
chance before the desperate adventurers from England
and France, who are fighting for life and plunder; but he
calculates upon their resources becoming exhausted, and
upon quarrels about the spoil committing more havoc
than he is able to do by active hostilities. One French
officer, of some distinction' in the service of PEDRO,
has already committed suicide; and a few weeks ago there
was a serious mutiny among the shabby and hungry
rogues who call themselves " British officers." A regi-
ment of genuine British soldiers, commanded by real Bri-
tish officers, would drive them out of the kingdom in
twenty-four hours. It is therefore pretty clear, that do.
mestic broils will do more for MIGUEL than anything else.
These adventurers, of course, expect to be paid for
their ;eminent services, and like all men of their class
discontented patriots at home, and insolent tyrants
abroad, they will not be content with a trifle.—
The day of settlement must come, for they are
needy and importunate; and when it does come, then
will begin._the,.re.action. -Unfortunately for PEDRO lie
is entirely in the power of these men. He is friendless
and contemptible. They alone keep him where be is ;
they alone call his poor child Queen, and him Regent•
Empty title ! They are the Regents—these hireling
scoundrels collected from the goals and the stews of
Paris and London, are the sovereigns of Lisbon. What do
they care for liberty or constitutions, for PEDRO or DONNA
MARIA ? Their liberty is the liberty of plunder—their
idea of a censtitntion is to secure rations, to obtain a
living at the expense of others, to acquire money, or
land, or houses, or something convertible into money.
These they must obtain, or woe be to their ostensible
master ! If ever PEDRO should gain the entire and un-
questioned possession of Portugal, these locusts would
be sure to eat him up, and convert to their own uses the
best portions of his territory. The only safety he has
consists in their devouring one another, and unless better
success attends their cause, it would not surprise us if
this desirable consummation were speedily to take place.

By the New York packet ship, Napoleon, Captain
Smith, which arrived here yesterday, we have received
New York papers to the 9th, and a file of Montreal pa-
pers to the sth instant. They are unusually barren of
intelligence. The accounts previously received of the
improvement in the public health at New Orleans are
confirmed down to the 25th of October. There had been
two or three nights' frost, on which reliance was placed
for the removal of the epidemic, which has swept away
so large a portion of the inhabitants of that city and its
vicinity. Whether the frosts will agree as well with ve-
getable as with animal matter is questionable. The su-
gar cane is not likely to benefit much by the contact.
"Accounts of a recent date had been received from the
river Plate, at New York, stating that " the political
state of the country was still unsettled, and that, for the
preceding week, the garrison of the city (Buenos
Ayrds) kept upon their until., the sentinels hailing

every body that passed." At Monte Video greater tran-
quillity existed.

The Alabama question, relative to the Creek Indians,
excites much controversy. There seems a strong dispo-
sition to make it a party question in some quarters ; and
in others to denounce that disposition. It is at least a
question of much difficulty ; and one in which not only
the welfare of the parties c:.;ncerned, but the character cf
the government, may be deeply involved.
Previously to the sailing of the Napoleon, the Cale-
donia packet ship from hence had arrived out. The in-
fluence of the intelligence from hence, as to the state cf
the markets, could not be felt. We have elsewhere
given the latest state of the Charleston markets.

The Montreal papers do not present a single feature of
interest The commerce of the Canadas, as regarded its
exports, had maintained itself, for the ten months which
had elapsed, very nearly on a footing with a correspond-
ing period of the last year. In wheat and flour, how-
ever, the exports to this country for the present year had
exceeded those of the last by about 120,000 bushels of the
ormer, and 37,000 barrels of the latter.

The poet of the Morning Post was pleased, a. few days
ago, to inform the world, in lively rhymes, that— ,

"Lord Durham's come to town ;"

for which important information, derived we trust from
the best sources, our worthy contemporary, we hope, has
not laid himself open to the consequences of a criminal
information. In other quarters it is stated that Lord
GREY has been to Brighton, -that a cabinet council has
been held, and that important changes are on the eve of
taking place in the administration.
These sort of rumours, we admit, are generally preva-
lent at this season of the year, and previous to the meet-
ing of Parliament. That Lord GREY is anxious to retire
we can well believe, for no man can see the east wind
more clearly than the noble Earl ; and as the ruling pas-
thou is strong in death, we may rest assured that he will
not willingly abdicate without conferring upon some of
his amiable and virtuous kinsmen a last mark of his affec-
tion, or without leaving some dear son or brother in office
as a legacy to his country.

But the secret which we long most of all to know con-
cerns the illustrious and patriotic Earl of DURHAM.
" Lord DußnAm's come to town !" There is something
in that. So exalted a personage, whose health has been
so extremely delicate, that he recently, and under medical
advice, was induced to visit the extremity of Europe, in
order to drink the waters of the Neva in the genial clime
of Russia—a nobleman who made such a sacrifice for the
good of his country, would not, we are convinced, have
gone to encounter the fogs of London at this period of
the year, unless urged thereto by very important consi-
derations. Now the question is—what are these consi-
derations ?

There is one point, discernible enough, which will
perhaps furnish some clue to the inquiry. Lord DUR-
HAM told the hole-and-corner Whigs of Gateshead that
he was ready once more to devote his powerful talents,
as an astute and sarcastic writer, and as an eloquent
debater, to the service of his country. In common par-
lance this means that Lord DURHAM is quite ready to
accept office under his father-in-law, who made him an
Earl, and that he is above the caprice or the. fastidious:-
ness of rejecting the profits and emoluments which office
confers. The noble Earl also told his devoted followers
that he had the honour to be the author of the first re-
form bill. Whether he employed Sir JOHN KEY to enter
his admirable work at Stationers' Hall, in order to secure
the advantages of the copyright to his family, is not
stated, but we are bound to presume that such an act of
parental providence was not neglected. It was necessity
and unavoidable circumstances which induced Sir WAL-
TER SCOTT to confess that he was the author of Waverley
the confession of Lord DURHAM was extorted from his
excessive modesty. Rumour in her own invidious way
had certainly pointed her long finger at the Earl of
DURHAM, and the world admitted that such a stupendous
.work could alone have proceeded from the pen of so
stupendous a genius. It was a proud day at Gates-
head, and a never-to-be-forgotton day at Lambton Castle,
when its Lord, putting aside the tinsel draperies of
diffidence which becloud other men, with a degree of
candour never to the adequately admired, conferred upon
his friends the honour of confessing in their presence,
that he was the author of the reform bill. The authors
of Icon Basilike and Junius's Letters were mere fools--
Lord DURHAM is a man of more exqui'site taste and
nobler sentiments !

There is, however, much in all this which does not
meet the eye. To Lord DURHAM'S modesty we are un-
der inexpressible obligations. He who writes a work is
best qualified to correct its proof sheets. ft is admitted
on all hands that Lord BROUGHAM, and Mr. STANLEY,
who is a gentleman, and whom we strongly suspect of
an inclination to Toryism—it is admitted, we say, on all
hands, that the noble and learned Lord, and the right
honourable Secretary, did commit the heinous offence of
palming a spurious edition of the reform bill upon the
public. Some wicked persons, jealous no doubt of the
fame of Lord DURHAM,- have more than insinuated that
Lord BROUGHAM, on receiving Lord DURHAM'S first
perfect version of his reform bill, read it with great care,
and then thrust it under the kettle, which at the lone
hour in Berkely-square, was enlivening the learned
Lord's study of a dry suit in chancery; and there are
one or two distinguished members of the house of
STANLEY, who affirm that the right honourable Secretary
of that name lighted his cigar with the DURHAM ver-
sion of the bill even without reading it.
This is of course, in the present state of the libel laws,
which the Whigs, with great consistency, hold in abhor-
rence, dangerous ground to tread upon ; but if we have
committed a trespass, we are quite satisfied that neither
Lord BROUGHAM, nor Mr. STANLEY will call to their aid
the professional assistance of his :MAJESTY'S solicitor-
general.

On the other hand, Lord GREY is not compromised by
the political or prudential acts of Lord BROUGHAM and
Mr. STANLEY. The noble Earl knows well enough that
the reform bill needs amendment. " All nature," as a
certain illustrious statesman who wrote •a play, which
questionless has not met the fate of Lord JOHN RUSSELL'S
Don Carlos—" all nature cries aloud for it through all
her works." The bill is in a consumptiye condition.—
The present measure is useless and IneffdCtive to all in-
tents and purposes. We admit, being compelled to make
a choice of evils, that it is infinitely superibr to the bill of
Lord DURIIAM. Still it IS, as Lord DURHAM'S was, per
pre-eminence, a bill of fraud. It purportedlto give liberty
and the political franchise to the poor man, but it did no
such thing practically. It invaded the hereditary and
prescriptive privileges of the poor man. It robbed one
place in order to distribute its suffrages in a new place.
It robbed Preston, for instance, for the benefit of Bir-
mingham. It threw the outvoters of towns upon coun-
ties, or upon boroughs with which they had no family,
no kindred, no natural connexion. It destroyed old at-
tachments ; severed ancient alliances ; sepulchred local
affections; shut out from the exercise of privileges per-
sons who had been born to the right in particular places,
and who had always been proud to exercise it.

In short, the reform bill was a glaring fraud—a flagrant
job—concocted for the benefit of Whig families—preserv-
ing all that was base in the representation for the sake of
the GREYS, PETTYS, FITZWILLIAMS, GROSVENORS, CA-
VENDISHES, RUSSELLS, GONERS, (see the first edition of
JOHNSON'S Dictionary,) and other Whig families. The
Radicals now know this well. A change has come over
the spirit of their dream. Their eyes are now open to the
fatal ambuscade into which they were led, and they look
back upon the past with sorrow, and to the future with
those indignant feelings which imposition and disappoint-
ment invariably inspire.
We have taken the town of Preston as an instance of
the enormous injustice of the reform bill, simply because
its locality is in our own neighbourhood. Its former
electors, we concede, enjoy their franchise for life. But
who will represent them when they are dead ? Their
children ? No such thing. They are rooted_out as the
execrated weeds of a family garden. A house rented at
ten pounds a year is declared to be the tenure of the
political privilege. This amount of rent fixes the mi-
nimum below which the occupant of a house ceases to be

VEMBER 26, 1833.

an elector. In the present state of affairs rents are not
likely to rise. Every reduction of taxation must lower
them: Take the taxes off timber, tiles, bricks, glass, &C.
as Sir HENRY PARNELL proposes, and cheaper houses at •
lower rents must be the result. In this case we are al••
ready at our numerical maximum with respect to the elec-
tive body. Rents are actually on the decline in most
towns in England ; and the period is near at hand when
thousands of workmen, who might at present quail
themselves to vote, if they felt disposed, will be for ever
excluded by the late re form bill, from the political fran-
chise.

This, then, brings us back to the point from which we
started, and to a certain extent enables us to conjecture
the secret reasons which have induced the noble premier
to call to the councils of the nation the illustrious Earl
of Du R utm. We have said that no man is so Well 'quail'
fled to correct the proof sheets of his own work as the
author himself. Lord DURHAM is the author of a work,
the first reform bill fir example, from which the present
work now in the hands of the public, and recently se
popular, was pirated. Parliament is expected to meet
about the end of January, or the beginning of February
next. If Lord DuntiAm be selected, and we suspect
he
is, to reform the reform bill—to correct and amend the,
spurious edition—to erase the interpolations of Lord
BRouonAm and Mr. STANLEY—the time chosen is Pre'
cisely that which gives to the noble Earl the requisite
study and leisure for the arduous undertaking. The
death struggle has fallen upon the assessed taxes, and
the Whigs are pledged, which pledge we should deal
of no earthly value, were it not that 'they are also eon'
polled to relinquish the best portion of these tale!'
namely, the house and window taxes at the termination
of the next April quarter. In fact, Lord ALTUORP, or
whoever may be CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER during
the ensuing quarter, will be badgered and intimidated'
into the remission of these burdens, and when the
major part is gone, the minor will not be worth the 0"
pense of collection. The whole of the assessed taxes.
must go, and the honest and worthy collectors. of them,
for whom we have a particular respect, may make 'IIP
their minds that they are going the last of their rounds.
This is all pleasant enough we confess ; but with the
taxes where goes the criterion of enfranchisement ? The
reform bill is knocked on the head by this species of
financial reform. A new tenure of privilege will befe
to be concocted, apart from taxation, and this task Is
likely to devolve on the ingenious Lord DURHAM. We
may well envy the talents of the noble Earl, but certes
we do not envy his onerous and responsible duties.
The next question is, will the poor rates be made the
substitute for the assessed taxes ? Will the man who le
rated to the poor upon a rental of ten pounds and upwards
be alone admitted upon the elective roll? Beware, inY
Lord DURHAM, what you are about ? If you o)nriect
poor rates with political rights, and exclude from the WI.
chise all who do not pay certain rates on or before a cer-
tain day, you will put an end to poor rates as effeCtUallY
as you have done to the assessed taxes. Lord Bularsa-
TON has already taken the alarm, and if poor rates inter"
pose between the householder and the right of voting at
elections, it will not be long before there are as mall
unions formed to resist their payment as there are at pre;
sent to resist the taxes. "What is to become of the poor?
you will probably ask. Pshaw ! when did a Whig case
for the poor ? Ask Lord JOHN RussELL—did he consider
the merits, the rights, the wants, or the claims of the
poor, when he advocated the reform bills in the House of
Commons ? Not be; nor did one of your Unprincipled
..
party ever admit the right of the poor man, or the °Peril-.
tive, to a voice in our elections. You had no liberty to
spare for any man who did nut keep a shop or let lodging°
—a vender of gin, a receiver of stolen goods, a dealer. In
old clothes, or a retailer of quack medicines. The union"
ists are sensitively alive to all these nice points, and !e
are much mistaken if they are not prepared at this
hour,
or rather as soon as the assessed taxes are repealed' t°
make an attack upon the poor rates, especially in Londo!+
.
where a large portion of the rates are consumed in
taining the police. The poor, of course, will have t°,
shift for themselvesbeg, steal, or Starve—endeavour
.t°
transport themselves—or get on or out of the world
any manner approved of by Miss MARTINEAU, and other -
interesting and benevolent ladies of a certain age.

Still we have not answered the question—what s4o'
Lion is Lord DURHAM to fill in the cabinet ? Here
confess we are at fault. If he were a lawyer we should
think that he would aspire to the office of attorney gene-
ral. If he were not too amiable and too retiring a P"r"
sonage, he might covet the premiership; but at any re.""'
we should like to see him secretary for foreign affairs in
the room of Lord PALMERSTON. He would have t
Whigs engaged in a hot war before three months, an
then would begin the fun in right earnest.