The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-09-05 00:00:00

AMERICA

The steamer America reached this port on Wed-:
nesday, with New York papers of the 16th ultimo. She
brings no specie. The wheat harvest has been got in in
fair order. Flour and grain markets dull. The new cot-
ton crop had a downward tendency. Bills on London,
1091 to I. No news from Mexico beyond that Paredes
has escaped capture.
The commercial intelligence received from the United
State is not of much general importance, except in so far
as it applies to the state of the cereal crops, which, on the
average, will be superabundant. Eventually this may
become of considerable importance to this country, inas-
much as it will tend to keep prices moderate should we
have occasion for any considerable importation. The rate
of exchange was tending downwards, so that we are not
likely to have any further importation of bullion for a
considerable time to come. Nobody is, however, taken
by surprise in this case, as it has been calculated upon as
the natural course which business would take for several
weeks past. The reports of the southern states respecting
the prospects of the cotton crop, taken in connection with
the stock on hand in Europe, from that of last year, ren-
ders a moderate price for that article absolutely certain,
at all events, until the ensuing season.

SLAVE-lIOLDING INVASION OF A• FREE STATE.—It
was stated a few days since, that some Missouri runaway
slaves had been pursued into lowa, where they were taken,
and afterwards rescued. As a sequel to this, we learn
by the St. Louie Reveille that on the 7th instant " about
100 men, all armed, started from Farmington, Missouri,
for Salem, lowa, and we shall in all probability soon hear
of the recapture of the negroes, or the arrest of the abo-
litionists, and probably some bloodshed, which generally
accompanies such lawless acts."—Boston Emancipator.

THE WEST INDIES.
The royal mail steam-ship Tay arrived at Southampton
on Saturday. She left Jamaica on the 7th August, Anti-
gua on the 10th, and Fayal on the 26th. She has made
the quickest passage on record, having come up five days
before she was due.

Much excitement existed in Jamaica in consequence of
the stoppage of the Planters' Bank. The suspension was
occasioned by a rumour that one of the agents had de-
camped with a considerable sum of money, and an unex-
pected run on the bank in consequence. The demand
was met for some time, but ultimately the bank was com-

polled to stop. Though considerable inconvenience will
be felt in consequence, we hope that no loss will finally be
felt, as it is said that the assets are £lBO,OOO, whilst the
_ _

liabilities are only £72,000. The effect produced by the
outward steamer ki advices we have referred to elsewhere.
The Jamaica House of Assembly was opened on the 3rd
ult. by the Governor, who, in a very lengthened address,
recommended, among other things, an inquiry into the
public debt as to whether it would not be desirable to give to
the whole of it the character of an English funded debt—
the establishment of a branch of the Bank of England—
an uniform acreage rate on land, to substitute the paro-
chial taxes on hereditaments and live stock, and the estab-
lishment of a commission for the general survey of roads,
tologe, •vice. x-nc excitement among the negroes hac
died away. Arrivals of African emigrants continued to
take place. The Dutch bark Rhyn, Captain Brendlight,
arrived in forty-seven days from St. Helena, with 280
Africans. She received on board 334 at St. Helena, but
fifty-four had died on the voyage from dysentery. The
ship Glasgow, Captain Hamlin, arrived at Morant Bay
with a number of Africans on the 28th of July from Sierra
Leone. She left that place on the 28th of June, on which
day a captured slaver, having on board upwards of 500
persons, was taken in. The endeavours of the hon.
Captain Darling to produce and cure tobacco in Jamaica
have been attended with complete success. The samples
are equal to the produce of Cuba. The weather in the
West India Islands generally was fine and healthy.
At Port-au-Prince repeated executions of persons of
colour were taking place.

Russia has concurred with France and England in pro-
testing against the present pretensions of the German
Diet in respect of the Duchies.
Louis Blanc escaped to Ghent, from whence he pro-
ended to Dover, and is now in England, alike the coun-
try of refuge for the ex-King of the barricades of 1830,
and the would-be socialist dictator of 1848. The where-
abouts of M. Caussidiere is not known.

The Paris papers of Friday consider the speech of Baron
Wessenberg, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Austria, to
the French and British Envoys, in respect of the offered
mediation of France and England as a refusal to entertain
it, and that it would become necessary, therefore, for
France to interfere with arms in Italy. _ _

FRENCH FORCE SENT TO VENICE.—In a Council of
Ministers held on Thursday it was decided that 4000
troops of the line should be immediately sent to Venice.
Three ships of war have been already sent from Toulon,
and have now most probably arrived at Venice. AR order
has been given to embark two regiments at Marseilles, and
Colonel D' Hilliers, chef du cabinet of General Lamori-
ciere, Minister of War, is about to leave Paris immediately
for that place. It is also stated that several officers, and
amongst them MM. de Vaux and D'Elchingen, who had
been put on half-pay, are about to be employed on active
service, and sent to the army of the Alps. The De'bats of
Friday says that the sending of troops to Venice is a mea-
sure adopted with the concurrence of the Government of
Great Britain, and that the integrity of the Venetian terri-
tory will be guaranteed by the two powers. The Consti-
tutionnel says that at a grand review at St. Petersburgh
the Emperor of Russia announced that he should send the
cross of the Grand Order of St. George to Michael
Radetski.

SUCCESSFUL INSURRECTION AT LEGHORN.—Letters
from Leghorn, of the 26th ult., mention that an insurrec-
tion broke out that morning, which was completely suc-
cessful. The established government had been deposed,
and a provisional government appointed in its room.
_ _

PEACE IN DENMARK.—The Rob Roy, which arrived in
Hull, on Thursday, brings official communications, stating
that an armistice between the German Confederation and
Denmark was signed at Malmo, on Saturday, the 26th of
August, to continue until the first of March. This news
is of the utmost importance to the mercantile interest, not
only of Hull, but of the whole of Great Britain.
The Vienna papers publish accounts of a riotous move-
ment which took place at Vienna on the 21st inst., and
which originated in a proposed reduction of wages to the
workmen employed by the Government to the following
standard :-20 kreutzers, instead of 25 kr., to the men ;
15 kr. to the women ; and 10 :kr. to young people under
fifteen years. The 22d passed quietly, and most of the
workmen returned to their work ; but the riot broke out
again on the 23d, and the combat between the labouring
classLs and the National Guards continued till sunset.
Some of the workmen were forced to retreat to the isles
in the Danube. Six labourers were killed and sixty
(among whom are ten women) wounded. The National
Guards have had one man killed and sixteen wounded.

BRAZILS.—Her Majesty't packet Petrel arrived at Fal-
mouth on Thursday, from Rio Janeiro, whence she sailed
on July 7, but subsequently received dates, when at
Bahia, to the 16th. She sailed from Bahia on the 24th,
and from Pernambuco on the 31st. It is reported, by the
dates to June 26, from the River Plata, that Rosas had
refused to receive Mr. Hood as the representative of Great
Britain to the Argentine Republic, but that Captain Gore
and Commander Herbert had interfered to prevent Rosas
carrying out his offensive policy. There was no news at
Rio or the Brazils generally. The disquietude which
lately prevailed at Pernambuco had been put down. The
packet following had not arrived at Rio. The Petrel's
freight amounts to about £65,000. The Rio circular re-
presents trade as having been rarely so dull as it had been
during the month of June, but an average amount of
coffee transactions had been effected at a partial decline of
prices.
Amongst the royal contributors to the fund for the
completion of the Cologne cathedral, are the Queen of
England for £350, the Emperor of Austria for 8000 flo-
rina, the King of Holland for 1000 florins, Archduke
John of Austria for 300 ducats, and the Duke of Baden
for 2000 florins.

PARInAN STATISTICS.—There are at present 25,000
apartments to be let in Paris, chiefly those of which the
rent varies from 1,500 to 2,000 francs (C6O to £80).
There are 35 new houses finished on the Boulevard Beau-
marchais, and they contain but 35 lodgers—that is, one
on an average per house. As a proof of the depreciation
of the value of house property in Paris, it is sufficient to
mention that a house in the Rue de Baune producing
3,000 francs (Xl2O a,year) was lately offered for sale at
the upset price Of 3,009 francs (X 1,4001, IP4 could find
Rio purchaser.

Loivuzvrry.---Tht Moniteur of Monday announces
the death of Doctor Dufour, at Orthez, in his 104th year.
He preserved his faculties to the last.

A- legitimate insurrection took place at Montpellier on
Tuesday last, but was almost immediately suppressed.
The Prefect and two magistrates were wounded and a
gendarme killed ; six of the insurgents were wounded.
EDUCATION.—On the 20th of March, the Colonial
Government of Van Diemen's Lind introduced their bill
for a general education scheme, which merged the Church
of England as one among many sects, by placing
,the
government of the local schools in " ministers of religion
of all denominations. having a pastoral charge of school
districts;" excluded the Church Catechism from all but
a 'few town schools ; and proposed a capitation tax of ss.
per head on every inhabitant. The bill was opposed by
all the non-official members of council, and thrown out
by seven to five.

THE PRESS IN FRANCE.—The French Republic, estab-
lished in the name and under the pretence of liberty, is
exhibiting itself in acts of despotism, such as France has
Trot witnessed for 60 years. Public meetings are prohibi-
ted ; mob orators are gagged ; a military Dictator
promptly suppressed all seditious journals ; a law has
been passed punishing with fine and imprisonment all
publitations casting contempt on any part of the Repub.
lican constitution ; and General Cavaignac has now an-
nounced even to the respectable journalists of Paris, that
ne -hostile comments will be permitted. La Presse and
the Constitutionnel have ceased to have leading articles.
All the journalists of Paris have protested against the
tyranny. Gem Cavaignac in reply, candidly said, " The
republic is still in its infancy ; it is too weak to resist the
journalists of the opposition ; when it shall have grown
you shall have a carte blanche to attack it." M. Thiers
on Tuesday followed up the protest of his literary
brethren, observing that the Republican government was
more arbitrary than even that of the Bourbons.

PIRATES IN THE CHINA SEAS.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.
At six o'clock, a.m., on the glorious first of June, as
her Majesty's sloop Scout was cruising on the east coast
of China, between Amov and Chumno Bay, we were
hailed by a fisherman, and informed that two large junks,
in sight, were pirates. Captain Johnstone immediately
made all sail in chase and at nine thirty sent Lieutenant
Blake, Messrs. Goddard and Chatfield, midshipmen, in
the first and second gigs and jolly boat, who boarded and
took possession. of the smaller junk without a casualty;
found on board a crew of thirty-nine men, and an immense
quantity of firepots, gingalls, matchlocks, and one small
21b. gun, all ready for
Br.. co.auoara in charge of the prize, Captain Johnstone
again made sail after the other junk, which in the mean-
time had set her topsail, and was endeavouring to escape.
At ten thirty he came up alongside of her, and summoned
her to surrender ; on which she opened fire from her 61b.
guns and gingalls ' • the ship recommenced firing, which
was returned with a great deal of spirit from the junk.
At one o'clock p.m. the prize ran up alongside of the
junk, and opened fire, with small arms and small guns.
A two p.m. sent pinnace, first cutter, first and second
gigs in charge of Lieutenant Josling, Messrs. Stanley,
Hatchard, and Chatfield, midshipmen, and Mr. Scriven,
master's assistant, to board ; but, owing to the height of
the junk, all endeavours were unsuccessful • and Captain
Johnstone, seeing that the boats were suffering severely
from the junk's fire, ran on board in the ship. and heading
the boarders himself soon cleared the decks. We had
one man killed and eleven wounded, including Lieutenant
Josling severely, and Mr. Stanley slightly.
Thejunk's crew. consisted of one. hundred and thirty-
five men, of whom twenty were killed, sixty-four drowned
by the sinking of the junk, fifteen wounded, and thirty-
six taken prisoners. We arrived here yesterday and
delivered them over to the mandarins, who seemed very
glad to receive them. The captain. of the junk, who was
a noted chief, cut his throat and jumped overboard.
Amongst the first to come on board and congratulate us
was Captain Loring; our late much respected commander,
who had so often led us on to victory. We sail again in
a few days, as we are all very anxious to avenge the death
of our shipmate, who was respected throughout the ship.
I have the honour to be, Sir, your very obedient servant,
• AN EYE-WITNESS.
Her Majesty's sloop Scout, Amoy, June 5:

IRELAND.

The Earl of Roden will sell his Dundalk property, and
be the first to net on the Encivinbered EStates Sale Bill.

Lord George l3entinek is about to visit Ireland to " ob-
serve" its wants.

A clergyman-
in the county of Down, says—" The po-
tatoes are recovering, and putting on a healthy green as-
pect."
Forty young females, from the ages of 14 to 18, were
removed from the Sligo Union Workhouse last week, to
proceed immediately on their voyage to Australia, where
they are sent out as emigrants, at Government expense.
The Mallow Savings Bank has stopped payment. This
is the third bank in the south of Ireland whichhashroken
within a short space of time. The liabilities are not
mentioned.

The Special Commission for the trial of the leaders and
other parties implicated in the late insurrection is fixed
to be held at Nenagh on Thursday, the 19th instant. The
presiding Judges are to be the Chief Justice of the
Queen's Bench and Chief Justice Doherty. _ _

THE ORANGE INSTITUTION.—The application for ad-
mission into this " loyal association" still continues un-
abated, and, when we consider that it is the only society
in which all orthodox Protestants can meet as brethren,
we cannot wonder at the increase in its members.
—The Limerick ExaMiner
states" that a gentleman residing on the co.ntinent b..
written to a party in Limerick to state that he met
Messrs. O'Gorman, O'Donnell. and Doyle, i& Brussels,
and that the first-named was about to set out for Paris.

The ship William Penn, of St. John's, New Brunswick,
and bound thence to Greenock, with a cargo of timber,
was lost on Friday night, at Dunlough Bay, on the coast
of Cork. The night was foggy, and the vessel struck on
shore, and immediately went to pieces. The crew, 27 in
number, were saved.

MORE ARRESTS.—The Tralee Chronicle announces
on Friday the arrest of Mr. John Supple, a respectable
solicitor, and one of the coroners for the county of
Kerry. He had been, it seems, a member of the " Exile
Club." Rumour has it that these proceedings on the
part of the authorities have been hased on a letter of Mr.
Supple's, found among Mr. Smith O'Brien's papers.

QUEEN'S PLATES RUN FOR IN IRELAND.-:-The im-
perial Government is by no means niggardly in its allow-
ance to assist the breed of horses in Ireland, the sum
granted to be run for in Queen's plates being no less than
£1574 each year. A vote was taken for this amount on
Wednesday evening., and it received the unexpected vote
of Friend John Bright ! Wonders never cease.
EMIGRATION TO AUSTRALIA.—On Monday week 191
young women, lately the inmates of poor-houses, left
Dublin in the Shatinon steamer for Portsmouth, from
whence they will be shipped for Australia. They were re-
joiced at the prospects before them. Each was provided
with a fair supply of clothing for the voyage. Their ex-
penses out will be borne by the several unions from which
they have come. Other unions are to follow the example
of those that have sent out this cargo of emigrants.
From all parts of Ireland, the accounts assure us that
permanently settled weather has set in; and • harvest
operations are in rapid progress in every direction. From
Enniskillen we learn that the corn is, or rather has been
in, some danger, for though it is said that wheat and oats
are damaged, yet we are told that since the weather has
taken up things look much better, and no serious deficiency
in the harvest is apprehended. The potato crop is much
injured, but even of this some hopes are held' that' it will
yield better than was anticipated. From the south we
hear better reports of the potato.
ARREST OF M'MANUS.—On Friday Head-constable
Crowley succeeded in arresting M'Manus, of Liverpool, on
a charge of treason. He also arrested a young man named
Daniel Corcoran, whohad been a clerk in the establishment
of Messrs. Lyons, of Cork, on a charge of aiding the escape
of T. B. M'Manus. M'Manus is the person who a fort-
night since was arrested by Constable Baine, in Monks-
town, and who escaped from the two policemen who had
him in charge at Mrs. Barry's hotel. On Saturday last
the American ship N. Chase, cleared out from the custom-
house for New York, and subsequently Daniel Corcoran
engaged a berth f)r himself, and another for '! his brother
Patrick Corcoran." On Monday a gentleman went aboard
the vessel then riding in the man-of-war roads waiting a
wind, who represented himself as the Patrick Corcoran.
About two o'clock on Friday Head-constable Crowley
went on board the ship and recognized M'Manus, whom
he had previously known in Liverpool, though he was dis-
guised, and arrested him. He also arrested Corcoran, and
brought both prisoners to Cork last night. On examina-
tion, before Mr. A. F. Roche, J.P., who was personally
acquainted with the prisoners, M'Manus said that he un-
derstood a charge was preferred against him, and very na-
turally he sought to avoid arrest. Corcoran, when asked
why he represented M'Manus to be his brother, replied
that though not his brother in blood, he certainly was in
mind and sentiment. Both prisoners were committed to
bridewell for the night.—Cork Constitution.

JOINT STOCK COMPANIKS.--All *act of Parliament
affecting joint-stock companies, including railways, has
just come into force, entitled, "An act to amend the acts
for facilitating the winding up the affairs of joint-stock
companies unable to meet their engagements, and alio to
facilitate the dissolution and winding up of joint-stock
companies and other partnerships." The acts referred to
by this statute- (11th and 12th Victoiii, cap. 45) are the
7th and Bth Victoria, cap. 111 ; the Bth and 9th Victoria,
cap. 98 ; and the 9th and 10th Victoria, cap 28. The act
is to apply to the 7th and Bth Victoria, cap. 110, and to
mining companies, and to certain building societies.- On
a creditor obtaining a Judgment otorder- for payment, an
application can be made by petition to the Lord Chan-
cellor in a summary manner, where no fiat in bankruptcy
has issued, and the court can order a dissolution of the
company, and appoint an "official manager" to wind up
the affairs, with full powers to act for the benefit of the
parties ; the same result to follow a dedaration by a corn,-
pany of its insolvency. The act contains 128 sections,
with a schedule of forms, and many of the clauses have
reference to the power:of the Court of Chancery, and to
the duties of the " official managers," whose appointments
are vested in that court, By the 123rd section district
commissioners of bankruptcy and judges of the county
courts are constituted masters-extraordinary in Chancery,
and matters may be referred to them, and they are to
have the same. powers as masters in Chancery, to whom
petitions under this act are to be referred, and they are to
appoint, after hearing the parties,
i the" Official Managers."
In all proceedings the new IF, s to be termed " The
Joint-Stock Companies Winding-up Act, 1848."
A very singular effect of lightning occurred at Moulton,
in Suffolk, on the afternoon of Wednesday. A flash-
struck a shock of oats in a field belonging to Mr. Woods,
consumed one sheaf, • completely 'thrashed another, and
moved a third to a great. distance, On. exatubliug the
place afterwards it was found that the electric fluid had
end the saps in three distinct places,

PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS.
CHELTENHAM.—The nomination took place on Satur-
day, when Mr. Grenville Berkeley and Mr. B. Escott
were proposed as candidates. On a show of hands, it was
declared to be in favour of Mr. Berkeley, when a poll was
demanded, which would take place yesterday.
DERBY.—The polling took place on Saturday, when
Mr. Bass, the celebrated ale and porter dealer, and Mr.
Lawrence Heyworth, of this town, were returned after
rather a severe contest. The numbers were, Bass, 956 ;
-Heyworth, 912 ; Freshfield, 775 ; Lord, 758. Mr. Fresh-
field was a candidate for the city of London at the late
election, and Mr. Lord is the talented secretary of the
Protestant Association.
LEICESTER.—On Friday, Mr. H. Paget withdrew from
the contest, and Mr. Harris and Mr. Ellis have been de-
clared duly elected, in the place of Sir Joshua Walmsley
and Mr. Gardner.

FREE TRADE PRODUCTIVE OF PAUPERISM

One of the last Parliamentary returns distributed is
entitled " Poor Laws : Return of the number of families
and persons relieved with in-door and out-door relief, for
the weeks ending 20th Feb., 1846, and 20th Feb., 1847."
We could not take up this paper without the reflection
passing through the mind,—" It was in Feb., 1846, that
Sir Robert Peel conferred upon us all the blessings of
Free Trade. Here, then, in his comparison of Feb.,
1846, when Free Trade was only proposed, with Feb.,
1847, when Free Trade was actually enjoyed, we shall
find some of the practical benefits of ' cheap bread, cheap
clothes,' and cheapness in general and in particular."
We opened the return, but strange to say, here are
the results.

" Number of families relieved with out-door relief.
Week ending Feb. 20, 1846 (Protection) .. 321,017
Week ending Feb. 20, 1847 (Free Trade) .. .. 365,247

Increase of pauper families
" Number of persons so relieved.
Week ending Feb. 20, 1846 (Protection)
Week ending*Feb. 20, 1847 (Free Trade)

44,230

648,748
792,486

Increase of paupers out-door . 143,738
" Number of persons relieved with in-door relief.
Week ending Feb. 20, 1846 (Protection) .. 106,390
Week ending Feb. 20, 1847 (Free Trade) .... 121,575

Increase of paupers in workhouses

15,185

Total ionreaso of paupers in the first
year of Free Trade .. 158,023
Such was the view presented by a single return,—the
last, as we have said, that has been circulated. But, on
looking a little further, we find that even this is too
favourable a view of the case ; for a previous return, and
a more complete and elaborate one, dated " July 4, 1848,"
had been printed by the House of Commons more than
six weeks since, and in that return.we find the account of
the quarters ending at Lady-day, 1846, and Lady-day,
8147; and the general results are these:—
Number of paupers relieved.
Quarter ending Lady-day, 1846 (Protection) .. 1,145,697
Quarter ending Lady-day, 1847 (Free Trade).. 1,471,133

Increise of paupers in the first year of
Free Trade
There can be little doubt that 1848, the second year—
would present a still more lamentable picture. But then
we should be told of the commercial crisis of last autumn,
the French Revolution, and what not, as among the
causes. We think it, therefore, happy that we are able,
without these perturbations, to compare merely 1846 with
1847,—the last year of the old system, with the first of
the new. And we leave it to the admirers of Mr. Cobden
and the League, to explain, if they can, how it came to
pass, that the first and most immediate result of the
adoption of their theories happened to be the increase of
the pauperism of the country, to the extent of nearly
30 per cent.