The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1832-12-28 00:00:00

VARIETIES.

is a pleasure to stand on the shore, to see ships
tossed upun the sea; a pleasure to stand in the window of a cas-
tle, and to see a battle, and the adventures thereof below ; but
no pleasure is comparable to the standing on the vantage
ground of truth, (a hill not to be commanded, and where the
air is always clear and serene,) and to see the errors, and wan-
derings, and mists, and tempests, in the vale below; so always
that this prospect be with pity, and not with swelling or pride.
Certainly it is heaven upon earth to have a man's mind move
in charity, rest in Providence, and turn upon the poles of truth.
—Bacon.

A SUNDAY AT THE SANDWICH 'ISLANDS.—At an early hour
of the morning, even before we had taken our breakfasts on
board ship, a single islander, here or there, or a group of three
or four, wrapped in their large mantles of various hues, might
be seen winding their way among the groves fringing the bay
on the , east, or descending from the hills and ravines on the
north, towards the chapel; and, by degrees, their numbers in-
creased, till, in a short time, every path along the beach, and
over the uplands, presented an almost uninterrupted proces-
sion of both sexes, and of every age, all passing to the house of
God. So few canoes were round the ship yesterday, and the
lauding place had been so little thronged, as our boats passed
to and fro, that one might have thought the district but thinly
inhabited; but now, such multitudes were seeßgathering from
various directions, that the exclamation, "What crowds of
people ?" was heard from the quartey-deck to the forecastle.
Even to myself it was a sight of surprise:—surprise, not at the
magnitUde of the population, but that the object for which
they were evidently assembled, should bring together so great
a multitude. And as my thoughts re-echoed the words, "What
crowds of people!" remembrances and affections of deep power
came over me, and the silent musings of my heart were,
" What a change, what a: happy change!" when at this very
place only four years ago, the -known wishes and example of
chiefs of high authority, the daily persuasion of teachers, added
to motives of curiosity and novelty, could scarce induce a hun-
dred of the inhabitants to give an irregular, careless, and im-
patient attendance on the services of the sanctuary. The scene,
as looked on from our ship, in the stillness of a biightly-beam-
ing Sabbath morning, was well calculated, with its associations,
to prepare ' the mind for strong impressions on a nearer view,
when the conclusion of our own public worship should allow us
to go on shore. Thditgh the` services` had commenced when we
landed, large numbers were seen standing round the doors with-
Out, but, as we afterwards found, only froni the difficulty of ob-
taining places within. The house is an immense building, capa-
ble of containing many thousands, every part of which was
filled, except a small area in front of the pulpit, where seats
were reserved for us, and to which we made way, in slow and
tedious proce:'siou, from the difficulty of finding a spot to place
even our footsteps, without treading on the limbs of people,
seated on their feet, as closely,,almost,.as they could be stowed.
I cahscarce describe the emotions experienced in glancing an
eye over the immense number seated so thickly on the matted
floor,. as to seem literally one mass of heads, covering an' area
of more than nine thousand square feet. I have gazed on many
worshipping assemblies, and of every variety of character, from
those formed of the high and princely, with a splendour And
pageantry of train befitting the magnificence of the cathedrals
la which they bowed, to the humblest "two or three" who ever
caine together at a place where prayers were wont to be made.
I have listened with delighted attention to some of the highest
eloquence the pulpits of England and America of the present
day can boast; and have watched, with sympathetic excite-
ment, the effect produced by it. I have seen tears of convic-
tion and of penitence flow freely, even to the seeming breaking
of the heart, under the sterner truths of the word of God : but
it was left for a worshipping assembly, at .Hido, 'the most ob-
scure corner of these distant islands, to excite the liveliest emo-
tions I ever experieoced, and to leave the :deepest impressions
of the extent and un,;earchable riches of the Gospel which I
have ever known. With the exception of the interior chiefs,
and .a few others, scarce One of the whole multitude was in other
than the native dress—the maco and the kihei—the simple gar-
ments of their primitive state. In this respect, and in the atti-
tude of slaing, the assembly was purely pagan; but the breath.:
less sileuLe; the eager attention; the hatf-suppressed sigh; the
tears the various feelings, sad, peaceful, joyous, discoverable
in the faces of many of them, all spoke the presence of an
invisible but omnipotent power. It was, in a single word,
a heathen congregation, laying hold on the hopes of eternity.
The simple appearance, and every deportment of that obscure
congregation, whom I had once known, and at no remote period,
only as a set of rude, licentious, and wild pagans, did more to
rivet the conviction of the divine origin of the Bible, and of the
holy influences by which it is accompanied. to the hearts of men,
than all the arguments, and apologies, and defences of Chris-
tianity I have ever read.—Stewares Visit to the South Seas.

. .
As; OLD ENGLISH CHRISTMAS.—The following picture of
Christmas is extracted chiefly from a book called "Christmas
Entertainments," and speaks of England 200 years ago.—
Athena/ph There was once upon a time hospitality in the
land : an English gentleman at the opening of the great day,
had all his tenants and neighbours entered his hall by day-break,
the strong beer was breached, and the black-jacks were plenti-
fully about, with toast, sugar, nutmeg, and good Cheshire
cheese ; the rooms were embowered with holly, ivy, cypress,
bays, laurel, and misletoe, and a bouncing Christmas log in
the chimney glowing like the cheeks of a country milk-maid;
then was the pewter as bright as Clarinda, and every bit of brass
as polished as the most refined gentleman; the servants were
then running here and these, with merry hearts and jolly coun-
tenances ; every One was busy in welcoming of guests, and
looked as snugly as new-licked puppies; the lasses were as
blithe and buxom as the maids in good Queen Bess's days, when
they eat surloins of roast beef for breakfast; Peg would scuttle
about to make a toast for John, while Tom ran harum-scarum
to draw a 'jug. of ale for Marjerv. And afterwards This great
festival was in former times kept with so much freedoM and
opennessuf heart, that every one in the country where a gen-
tleman resided, possessed at least a day of pleasure in the
Christmas holidays; the tables were all spread from first to the
last, the sirloins of Beef, the minced pies, the plumb-porridge,
the capons, turkeys, geese, and plum-puddings, were all
brought upon the board ; .and all those who had sharp stomachs
and sharp knives ate heartily and were welcome, which gave
rise to the proverb,
"-Merry in the hall, when beards wag all."
There were then turnspits employed, who, by the time dinner.
was over, would look as black and as greasy as a Welsh porridge
pot. but the Jacks have since turned them all out of doors.
Ile geese, which use to be fatted for the honest neighbours,
have been of late sent to London, and the quills made into pens
to convey away the landlord's estate; the sheep are drove away
to raise money to answer the loss at a game at dice or cards, and
their skins made into parchment for deeds and indentures; nay,
even the poor innocent bee, who was used to pay its tribute to
the lord once a year at least in good metheglin, for the enter-
tainment of the guests, and its wax converted into beneficial
plasters for sick neighbours, is now used for the sealing of deeds
to his disadvantage. "
A DOUBTER CONVINCED.—When the first news of the capture'
of Varna reached Warsaw, a German trader ventured to doubt
its truth, in a large coffee-house, where the company were dis-
cussing on the subject, and said that it wanted confirmation.
,He was scarcely out of his bed the next morning when a police--
officer came into his room without ceremony, and informed him
that the grand duke wanted to see him. "Why—what," ex-
claimed the terrified German,
,"what have I done?" "You
will soon know," replied the satellite. With unpleasant fore;
bodings the poor man arrayed himself in his best, and obeyed
the summons. "So," says Constantine to him, "you do not
believe that the emperor's army has taken Varna—what do you
know about Varna that makes you doubt of its fall ?" " Please
your highness, I am a poor ignorant man; I merely thought—"
You thought; then, sir, you must -learn to think right."
Pardon, your highness—l meant no harm." "There is no
harm-done: do not he 'afraid. Hold!" continued Constantine,l
seeing the German about to prostrate himself—" a courier is
this moment going to Varna, you will go in his kibitka and
clear up your doubts." Away they go, click clack, day and
night—the poor German in a mortal fright, under the idea that
he is on the road to Siberia. They arrive at Varna, and the
courier addresses his companion for the first time since they,
left Warsaw. "Sir, this town is Varna; you will 'have. thd
goodness to put the question to any body you like, and con-
vince yourself. Now, sir, you see these troops—look at them
well—examine the uniforms. Are you satisfied that they are
Russian troops?" " I am perfectly satisfied," answered the
German. "Then, sir," replied his companion, "you have no
further business here. In a quarter of an hour another courier
will start for Warsaw; you will return in his kibitka, and
report yourself to the grand duke." Away he goes again, jolt, .
jolt, in fear of dislocating half his bones, for being free, thii
journey, from mental anxiety about Siberia, he had leisure to
observe that he was flesh and nerves. Constantine Welcomed
him with a horse-laugh. "Now," he said, "you will go to that
, cafe where you were the last evening you were in Warsaw, and
acquaint the company that the Russians are in Varna."—
Slade's Travels in Turkey.
SEAL-CATCHING ADVENTURE IN THE HEBRIDES.—III a north-
west direction, and about forty miles distant from the Butt of
the Lewis, "placed fat amid the melancholy main," is Sulisker
—a small island, or rather rock, in the Atlantic, to which an
immense number of seals is in the habit of repairing at a ceri
tain.period of the year. This period is in the month of Septem-
ber or October, when a boat generally, goes thither every: year
from Ness, for the purpose of killing seals, and bringing'bome
with them the skins and oil for sale. Ness, it may be Mention-
ed, is the norther-most, and consequently the remotest district
in the Lewis. It is inhabited by a singular and primitive race,
of undoubted Scandinavian origin, totally dissimilar from those
who inhabit the other portions of the island, and exhibiting in
this, as in other enterprises equally daring, a hardiness and
moral courage, added to a caution and perseverance, rarely to
be found amongst any people. About nine weeks ago, a boat
left Ness, on her usual trip to Sulisker. She contained seven
persons, some of them far advanced in years, having their
grandchildren along with them in the boat! The weather be-
came very boisterous shortly after this weak but, adventurous
band left their homes and pushed to sea, This gave some cause
of uneasiness at the time, Which,' however? did not increase till
the usual period of returning had considerably elapsed without
the appearance of the Sulisker expedition; when great and re-
newed anxiety was entertained by their friends on their account.
The feeling soon becanie general; and so great an interest was
felt 'in their safety, that although the weather was. still stormy,
a vessel was immediately dispatched by her humane owners, to
'rescue them, if possible, from the island, if, as. was supposed,
their detention was occasioned by the loss of the boat, from the
violence of the waves, after having reached their destination.
On arriving at Sulisker, the boat was found by the vessel in
question in fragments among the rocks, so far verifying the
conjecture previously formed; but the men were not there. A
signal, however, was found flying from an oar which was stand-
ing on the rock. A pot containing some wild-fowl, which had
been in the process of cooking, was also foundhauging over the
dead embers in the fire place of a hut which had been erected.
Various Other indications of precipitate 'departure as well as of
recent occupancy were seen, all of them inducing the belief that
the boatmen had lauded in safety, and .were rescued from 'their
lone and horrible situation by some_ ship, to which they had
made the signal alluded to; consequently on the vessel's return
to Stornoway the fears of' the community were greatly allayed.
Weeks—long and anxious weeks, however, passed on, affording
plenty of time for intelligence, if they had been landed-on any
part of the kingdom; but still there was. no word from these
poor Ness adventurers, till lately, when a vessel arrivedat StOr-
noway, mentioning that she had spoken with another vessel at
sea, the captain of which stated that he had a few flays previous
picked off a rock in the Atlantic, seven men who were of a
strange outlandish appearance—could'speak no English, Merely
clapping him on the shoulder, by way of testifying their thanks
for his services—and of whom he could, consequently, give no'
other account than that they seemed
.greatly distressed, and
were landed- by him, at their own request, ou a neighbouring
island, which was inhabited. The
.People thus spoken of were
at once conjectured to be .the missing Nessmen, and the isrifid
to be-I{Ona, which is another hyperborean solitude adjacent to
Sulisker, 'than which it is something larger, and is inhabited by
only one family, natives of Ness. In conseqnence of the infor-
mation alluded to, Captain Oliver of the Prnice:of Wales; re-
venue cruizer, handsomely volunteered to proceed to Rona, to
ascertain if the people-were there, and if so, to take them off.
He left Stornoway on the 20th ultimo, and reached that solitary
spot on the morning of the following Saturday,When-he hoisted
his colours and fired a, gun, which roused the people on shore,
who came running along the island from their hut, and among
them were recognised the unluelty seal-catchers. The sea at
the time ran mountains high, fringing the unsheltered Rona
with its foam, whose misty spray flew wildly upwards, almost
shrouding it from the cutter's sight. The island, which, from
its rocky iron=bound formation, is scarcely, at any time accessi-
ble, could now only'be approached in one place, where' at the
greatest risk and by means of ropes, on which they came swing-
ing dawn, a. rock of immense height, the people were received
into the 'cutter's 'boat. 'Captain -Oliver arrived' on Monday,
bringing the exiles of Sulisker aria Rona to their rejoicing
friends. They state that they were a fortnight at Sulisker be-
fore they were taken off, and placed on the other island. 'The
boat'wzts stove the night they reached. They go; nothing on
thesisland save a few wildfowl which 'they had 'salted' for 'their
Winter proyision, a melancholy prospect ! They saw 'several
vessels .to which they in vain made signals :for relief; and 'Were
looking hourly for death from hunaer and cold, when they were
rescued by a vessel, which, from the description given" of her,
must have been from Greenland. or fhb Straits, and iminned, as
chance would have it, by brother adventurers. They speak in
the most gratelid terms of their deiiverers, and are vowing
never' to enter on' another seal-catching expedition. Captain
Oliver, whose humane exertions in this matter entitle him to the
highest praise, left a few bags of bread with the lonely occupant
of Rona, to makeup for the breach which must have been made
in his limited stores by the intrusive Lewismen, during their six
weeks 'stay withliiiu—a stay, however, which he would much
rather hate seen Prolonged ; for lie is said to haire shed tears on
parting with these temporary companions of his, exile, which is
one of the most wild and solitary on the face of the creation.—
invert-ten Courier,

GREAT SUCCESS FROM SMALL BEGINNINGS.—On the 6th of
September, 1680, I -dined (says the celebrated John Evelyn)
with Sir Stephen Fox, now one of the Lords Commissioners of
' the Treasury. This gentleman came as a poor boy from the
choir of Salisbury, then was taken notice of by Bishop Duppa,
and afterwards waited on my Lord Percy, (brother to Alger-
non, Earl of Northumberland,) who procured for him an
inferior place amongst the clerks of the king's kitchen. In
this situation he was found so humble, diligent, industrious, and
prudent in his behaviour, that (his Majesty being in exile) the
king and lords frequently employed him about their affairs,
and trusted him both with receiving and paying the little
money they had.—Returning with his Majesty to England,
after great wants and great sufferings, his Majesty found him
so honest and industrious, and withal so capable and ready,
that being advanced from Clerk of the Kitchen to that of the
Green-cloth, he caused him to be made paymaster to the whole
army, and by his dexterity and punctual dealing he obtained
such credit among the bankers, that he was in a short time able
to borrow vast sums of them upon any exigence.—The con-
tinal turning thus of money, and the soldiers' moderate allow-
ance to him for his keeping touch with them, did so enrich him
that he is believed to be worth at least two hundred thousand
pounds, honestly gotten and unenvied, which is next to a mira-
cle. With all this, he continues as humble and as ready
to do a courtesy as ever he was. He is generous, and lives
very honourably, of a sweet nature, well spoken, well bred,
and is highly in his Majesty's esteem, and so useful, that being
long since made a knight, he is also advanced to be one of the
Lords Commissisioners of the Treasury, and has the reversion
• of the cofferer's place after Harry Brouncker. He has married
his eldest daughter to my Lord Cornwallis, and gave her twelve
• thousand pounds. In a word, never was man snore fortunate
than Sir Stephen; heis virtuous, and very religious.
CURIOUS CASE OF VISUAL DECEPTJON.—A very curious case
ofdeception was communicated to me by the son of the lady
principally concerned, and tends to show out of what mean
materials a venerably apparition may be sometimes formed.
In youth, this lady resided with her father, a man of sense and
resolution. Their house was situated in the principal street
of a town of some size. The back part of the house ran at
right angles to an anabaptist chapel, divided from it by a small
cabbage-garden. The young lady used sometimes to indulge
the romantic love of solitude, by sitting in her apartment in
the evening, till twilight, and even darkness, was approaching.
One evening, while she was thus placed, she was surprised to
see a gleamy figure, as of some aerial being hovering, as it
were, against the arched window in the end of the anabaptist
chapel. Its head was surrounded by that halo which painters
give to catholic saints; and, while the young lady's attention
was fixed on an object so extraordinary, the figure bent grace-
fully towards her, more than once, as if intimating a sense of
her presence, and then disappeared. The seer of this striking
vision descended to her family, so much discomposed as to call
her father's attention. He obtained an account of the cause of her
disturbance,. and expressed his intention to watch in the apart-
mentnext night. He sat, accordingly, in his daughter's cham-
ber; where she also attended him. twilight came, and nothing
appeared; but as the gray light faded into darkness, the same
female figure was seen hovering on the window; the same
shadowy form; the same pale light around the head ; the same
inclinations, as the evening before. " What do you think of
this ?" said the daughter to the astonished father. Any thing,
my dear," said the father, " rather than allow that we look
upon what is supernatural." A strict research established a
' natural cause for the appearance on the window. It was the
custom of an old woman, to whom the garden beneath was
rented, to go out at night to gather cabbages. The lantern she
carried in her hand, threw up the refracted reflection of her
form on the chapel. window. As she stooped to gather her
cabbages, the reflection appeared to bend forward; and that
was the whole matter.—Sir Walter Scott's Demonology.
ADMIRAL LORD DUNCAN.—History does not perhaps record
. a situation of more perplexing difficulty than that in which Ad-
miral Duncan found himself placed in the summer of 1797.
For a considerable period he had maintained his station off the
Dutch coast, in the face of a strong fleet, and in defiance of the
seasons, and when it was known with certainty that his oppo-
nents were ready for sea, and anxious to effect a landing in Ire-'
land, where they expected the co-operation of a numerous band
of malcontents. At this most critical juncture, he was deserted
by almost the whole of his fleet, the crews of his different ships
having, with those of the channel fleet, and the fleet at the Nore,
broken out into a mutiny, the most formidable recorded in his-
tory. With the assistance of a foreign force, Ireland was pre-
pared for Open rebellion • Scotland had its united societies; and
England, too, was agitated by political discontent, when a spirit
of a similar kind unhappily manifested itself in the British fleet.
Fortunately for 'Great Britain, the enemy was not aware of the
insubordination that existed throughout the fleet. At a time,
however, when Duncan had only two line-of-battle ships under
his controul, his ingenuity supplied the place of strength, and
saved this country from the disgrace of a foreign invasion; for
it cannot be doubted, that had the Dutch commander known
the state of helplessnesi in which the nation was placed, when
its right arm was so effectually bound up by the demon of re-
bellion, they would have chosen that moment to run for our
shores. It was then that the happy thought occurred to the anxi-
ous mind of Duncan, that by approaching the Texel with his puny
force, 'and by making signals as if his fleet were in the offing,
he might deeeive the wary .De Winter into the belief that he
was blocked up by a superior squadron. This stratagem was em-
ployed with entire success, nor indeed was it known to De Win-
ter that a deception had been practised upon him, until he had
become his antagonist's prisoner. This manoeuvre, so singular
in its conception, so successful in its execution, and performed
at a moment of such extreme national difficulty, stands un-
paralleled in naval history ; and alone gave to him who devised
it as good a claim to the honhur of a coronet, and to his coun-
try's gratitude, as if he had gained a great victory.—Lives
of Distinguished Scotsmen.
STRUCTURE AND USE OF THE HUMAN LUNGS.—The human
lungs, like those of the inferior animals, vulgarly called
" lights," are soft, spuugy substances, which, when healthy,
will float in water. Their use is to assist in the purification of
the blood. In many creatures the respiratory apparatus has
an appearance very dissimilar to that of the human lungs. In
fishes, the duty of pulmonary organs is perforined by their
gills; and in insects, no air being admitted by the mouth, their
blood is ventilated through the medium of small holes arranged
along their sides. Whatever the structure may be through
which the atmospheric air is admitted to act upon the blood, its
function is equally essential to life.; for though an insect may
live much longer excluded from the air than a human being
can possibly do, yet it will, after a time, certainly perish on
account of the deprivation. When "holding our breath," we
soon come to experience a feeling of suffocation. This is
merely a nervous impression, produced by the blood passing
impure through the lungs to the left side of the heart; and it
indicates the necessity of respiring fresh air to purify that fluid.
To' suffocate an insect, we have only to smear it with thick oil.
The oil fills the breathing pores in its sides, and this obstruCtion
of the medium of respiration, if continued, will eventually
kill the creature. Common water always contains a portion of
atmospheric air ; and fishes will be smothered if confined to
water which has been deprived of its air, under the receiver of
an air pump. The sensible change which the blood undergoes
in passing through our lungs is observed in its colour, charac-
terized as venous blood. It enters the lungs of a blackish or
deep-purple colour ; but in leaving them it is of a bright ver-
milion red, and it is then called arterial blood. This change
is owing to the action of the inhaled air. It may be asked—
" How can the fluid which is contained in vessels be at all
affected by the respired air which is external to these vessels ?"
The lungs, with the exception of the air-tubes, (branches of
the windpipe that perforate them in every direction,) are one
mass or net-work of blood-vessels. These, when approaching
to the surface of the lungs, divide into an infinitude of small
branches, the coats of which are so'extremely- thin that the air
we breathe readily acts through them, and makes the requisite
changes. The circulation of the blood, from the time that it
leaves the lungs until it returns again, is very simple. The
i
.
first stage of its progress is oecupied n passing from the lungs
to the left cavity of the heart. The left cavity of the heart then
contracts and forces it along the arteries, (the vessels that put
sate,) and 'by them it is conveyed to every part. of the body to
bestow nourishment upon the different parts. All the demands
of the system, in the way. of nutrition, being supplied, the
blood returns through the veins to the right cavity of the heart,
and from
'thence to the lungs, to be purified. When purified in
the lungs, it pursues the same route anew. By the preceding
description it will be seen that the colour of the blood becomes
changed, during its passage through the lungs, from a deep
purple to, a bright red. In the arteries it is always of the ver-
milion colour; and in the veins it is as uniformly blackish or
deep purple. PersOns unacquainted with the latter fact, while
submitting to the operation of letting blood at the arm, have
been frequently heard to exclaim "it is frightfully black." •
'Such persons are not aware that the dark hue of venous blood
is its natural appearance. This popular mistake is fostered by
quacks to persuade the uninitiated that they are unwell, when
in reality there may be little or nothing the matter with them.
One vessel excepted, professional men never let blood from an '
artery; for, 'if once cut, an artery of any considerable size is
not likely to stop_bleeding unless it be tied at the 'incised point
with a thread. The exception to this rule is a small artery,
which may be felt, and, in many persons seen, pulsating On the
temple. This vessel is sometimes opened in apoplexy and other
dangerous eases of head disease,

One of the fathers saith, "that there is but this difference
between the death of old men and young men; that old men go
to death, and death comes to young men.—Bacon.
WHIG NON-INTERVENTION AND BRAVERY,—France and
England assisting four millions of brave Belgians to put down
two millions of pie t Dutchmen.

SUPPOSED AFFRONTS.—`° Without knowing particulars,"
says Bishop Butler,—one, at least, of the soundest reasoners that
have ever lived,—" I take upon me to assure all persons who
think that they have received indignities or injurious treatment,
that they may depend upon it, as in a manner certain, that the
offence is not so great as tltey imagine.

HINTS TO ENGLISH WOOL-GROWERS.-The Wool-growers of
Podolia and the Ukraine, and particularly in the Asiatic pro-
vince of Astrachan, have a peculiar method of turning wool
to fur. The lamb, after a fortnight's growth, is taken from the
ewe, nourished with milk and the -test herbage, and wrapped
as tight as possible in a linen covering, which is daily moistened
with warm water, and is occasionally enlarged as the animal
increases in size. In this manner the wool becomes soft and
curly, and is by degrees changed into shining beautiful lock,.
This is the kind of fur which passes under the- name of Astra-
chan, and is considered on the Continent as the most genteel
lining for winter cloaks. Similar trials with German sheep have
been attended with the same success. The Saxon breed of sheep
have, within the last ten years, superseded the merinos, and their
wool is of superior quality.

L -id
LIFE IN A TURKISH MAN-OF-WAR.---I have hiteerto
little on the habits of the captain pasha—those of most Otto-
man grandees. He led a life of absolute ennui. He could
neither read nor write, nor was there any body to read to hint'
had he wished it. He did not play at chess, therefore had an
enjoyment less than the sailors; neither had he any person to
converse with, an advantage possessed by every body else on
board. Between a master and his slaves there can be no eon'
versation, since the latter must assent and smile c,s reyle.
legs seemed made for no other. purpose than to bend uncle'
him: his hands., to run over his comboloyo (rosary.) A Pal:
ghiler was never froin his lips, except while he eat, or praye,n""
or slept: how he performed the first of these.offices I have
scribed; suffice for his meals, that they took place twice a tlaY.,
at unsettled hours. Officers continually stoodbefore him, aTi
crossed, eyes cast down—a painful apprentissage which every
Osmanley goes through before arriving at power—and antic'
gated every desire with surprising dexterity. If he wished ra
rise,_ he was lifted on his legs; if he drank, the glass was he'
to his lips; if he walked, he was supported by the arms ;. if au
ignorant fly alighted on his brow, officious fans warned the '1"
truder not to return; even when he spat, which was not rave'
he being asthmatic, there was never wanting one to hold bps
,P
handkerchief for the precious token. Such servility—thou
perfectly natural from the effect of early education, therefore
not abstractedly servile—was disgusting to witness, performed'
too, by men who in their own homes exacted the same front
their inferiors, and thus made themselves amends for their own
humiliation. From the top to the bottom of the ladder is
gradation of similar servitude. The grand vizier kisses the
sultan's foot; he bows to Mohammed. The pasha kisses
grand vizier's foot; the bey, the pasha's; the aga, the bey
and on. No mussulman subject is so high but what he 1174
a master, and none so low as not to have a slave; the son
slave to the father. I often saw the capitan pasha's sou, j
royal page, with him; but the youth never sat or tasted food i
his presence. With all his deficiencies, Achmet Papuchgi W 3,5
a good-natured man, a complete contrast to his prddeeessn';
during the last twenty years,. who were all remarkable foe
cruelty. The quality seemed inherent to the office. In th
middle of the day he crept into the kennel abaft the inizej:
mast, and reposed for some hours, his example being duly f°d
lowed by the officers, stretched out on the quarter-deck, an j
covered by flags to keep off the sun. On waking, coffee ae
chibouques were served. Water was then brought, with aCO
plete change of garments, and in the same narrow box, six feet
by three, by two high, he washed and dressed ; then came (I'4
and enjoyed, the cool of the evening on his quarter-deck con,'
always doing me the honour to pace me beside him wity,
chiboque; and, no doubt, it was a droll sight to the crew, ',1(3.
all gathered round the pasha and me thus cheek by jowl. "be
band, consisting of as many drums .and cymbals as could.,
collected, with two clarionets and one fife, usually. made a 11"1-6,
'for our benefit. It played the hunter's chorus in Freischui?t
Zitti, zitti, and Malbrook, over and over till I fairly wished,..l
at the bottom of the sea. I not only could not stop my Ca.'
but was obliged to applaud liberally. Thinking, one evcniug:
that its style was more adapted to Turkish music, at the sata"'t
time intending a compliment, I asked the pasha whether;
could perform any Turkish airs. ."Turkish air !" he repo!et,,
with astonishment : "Mashallah ! have you not been lister";
to them-this two hours?" I bowed, and, took refuge in tgiti,i3
ranee. He asked me one evening if I would like to see d,
regular soldiers; I had never heard of any being on b°Tid
Presently six scare-crows marched aft,:preceded by a drug'
fife, each carrying a musket, and wearing a shabby taetieofrom
form. A first-rate's marines! I could scarce refrat° fixed
laughing out at the idea, although a thousand eyes were g
ri
on me to observe my admiration. The pasha told them-ievas
ously to do their best, for a judge' of military performances
by. Accordingly they went through the manual exercise, , ao.
of
the same was rendered exceedingly amusing by the droller)
the jester, who, shouldering a long chibouque, acted as f'l,,, gely.
man, to the roars of both spectators and soldiers. I war•—
Applauded, and the pasha in delight gave the corporal a I'leo
e
11,4
tit gold, which was contested by the jester, who swore t
,cf
without 'him the troop would have been disgraced. The ebo,
entertainment of every evening was provided by the crew, wb i
when our orchestra closed, commenced acting gross buffoonell;
such as ducking in tubs of water for money, when many a P°ls
fellow half drowned himself in vain attempts to take aith t
lips the thin bit of silver, shining at the bottom; or playing,:,
bear and monkey, when both the bear .and monkey well 0,,
served the piastres their beating 'gained them; or blind nr,°,l
buff. This last game was capital. The blind man, provinle,a,
with a stick, was at liberty to hit every body within reach, or
subject to the inconvenience of tripping over the bodies .of,„11,150
prostrate fellows, or over the comings down a hatchway. "I,he
pasha's attendants received sundry blows in keeping him off
presence, and as he readily foundhis way amongst them, I situ,
posed that he was purposely all Owed a peep-hole, especiallY.."l„,
his excellency enjoyed it much. • A game also of men liangl
in pairs to the spanker-boom, till one turned senseless, or
quarter, afforded infinite-amusement. Each exhibition the (1,',.0t.,
'was convulsed at the writhings of the actors; the pasha, fora a
ting his' auteur would join in the laugh, and rapidly courbt7.
his beard with 'his fingers, throw pieces of gold at the vier%
"Well," he said to me one evening that I was more tw`•
usually tired of this foolery—" does your capital' pasha ani.tuter
himself in this way ?" I could not for the life of nine
him; I simply answered that the English callitan pas
always else to do. A dead silence, and mutual looks'of rof
prise, ensued. Such were the occupations of the third part' of
the empire; of one of time chiefs on whom depended the fate
Ttakey.----Slade's Travels in Turkey.

.-.1 11ad aHle,
THEATRICAL INTELLIGENCE.—Laporte has engaged D ire'
de Meric to sing at Covent-garden before she appears a' Aliso
lane in' Don Juan; she is to sing in Der Freischutz.---- the
Kelly, has entirely refitted the Strand theatre, with a view t 0 '
In
commencement of her lectures, &c., on the art of acting,the
January. She has met with the utmost encouragement i0,,/iss
highest quarters, and the Queen has become a subscriber. the
Kelly's list of patrons and patronesses includes man)" °
first names in the kingdom.—The Coventarden pant°%er
this year is the joint work of Reynolds and parley ; the for al-
drew out the first scheme, and the latter, with some materi'o-
terations, has carried it into execution.—The Drury'-lane rise
tomime is by R. Peake. Stanfield's paintings will surrirces•
. everybody—even those who best know his skill and reso!l
50,1•
In both theatres the whole strength of the company, eo,l3l•dc w 0
musical, is to be employed. —Don de Trueba has with ro3toit
his Men of Pleasure from Drury-lane rather hastily,'on aectibe
of the very unjust attacks upon him personally, in many °wits
newspapers. The main fault attributed to 'his comedYgean
that in the dialogue it trenched a little on decorum,' tieSt'
concludes his engagement at Drury-lane on FridaY, front
,when he performsOthellu.—Letters'have been receive" pi-
New York, stating, that young, Kean does not return 1;00
gland`for same time.---Hoivard Payne had just taken a 1,030.
at the Park-theatre, the produce of which amounted to fi were
The boxes and pit were filled, though the tickets for hotel 001'
issued at live dollars each, and many more were purchase", I''"
were presehted. The performiliices were Catherine ao,;aof
truchiu, (the hero and heroine by Mr.' C. and Miss 'Wei'
Kembe); and 'Charles the Second, in •whieh Mr. Jainq. oef'
.14ck performed Captain Cupp. The African Roscias o,tj'eis•
forming. on the bublin stage. The Dublin Express, in clif the
ing his performance in Zanya, says, " ToWards the close Are
piece, when, like the tiger, the ferocious passions of Za.l, be'
at ,their height, and he beholds his hated victim groanicr.„'el
neath.his diabolical vengeance, the Rost•ius gives full 54,y le
his powers: some of the best passages were given in
superior excellence."—Plane he and C. Dance, whose I.'l
pic Revels and Olympic Devils have each run more, lrodr,l
nights, have written a hew comic hurletta for Madame „veil
to be produced on Wednesday. The subject san l
•plaX
one, (the " Loves' of Venus and AllOnis.") Yestris iie'btatia
'the part of theliertiine. • MU•cijoioski, the 'most er,,joatf;
violinist of the east of 'Elittipe, has just areiVed in "
'His manner is said to be most peculiar, but, like Paga°l-
- something more than a manuerist.—Court Journal.

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