The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1851-06-10 00:00:00

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD

the bowling-green, which is carefully kept, is occupied
every fine evening by a nume.?ous company of " crack play-
ers." Mr. Jones, the landlord, since he has succeeded to
the hotel, has exerted himself to the utmost to render
his house attractive by the completeness of his arrange-
ments, and civility of himself and his assistants. _ _ _

DOCK CONIAMTEE.—TheLuaI weekly meeting of this
body was held on Thursday. A plan of a mahogany shed
for Messrs. Chaloner and Fleming was approved of.—A
letter was read from Mr. Kennedy, Chairman of the
Master Stevedores' Association, calling upon the com-
mittee to establish some test of fitness for parties acting
as master stevedores, and in the event of the committee
having no power in the matter, asking to whom they
should apply. Mr. Robinson said, they had no right to
interfere with loading of ships. Mr. Fisher said, the best
answer they could return to the writer of the letter was to
say, the stevedores-W.-ere in the same position now as the
porters. They had no test even for a master porter.
The writer was under the impression they tested the
qualifications of master porters—no such thing. Mr.
Robinson moved that the communication be allowed to
lie on the table. Mr. Tobin said, that not a tenth of the
vessels coming to Liverpool employed stevedores. The
crew did the work. He never had a vessel stored or
unstored by stevedores. The letter was then ordered to
lie on the table.—A letter was read from the Rev. D.
James, incumbent of St. Mary's, Kirkdale, again asking
for a grant of £3O towards the establishment of religious
services on the north shore, for the benefit of the work-
men constructing the new dock works. The Roman
catholic families employed there were 22, whilst the pro-
testant families connected with them were 142. Mr.
Langsdale said, if it could be done, it would be of great
use. The letter was referred to the solicitor, to report
upon its legality.—A communication was read from Mr.
Wainwright, stating that the dock accounts for the past
year had been presented to both houses of parliament.—
A communication was read from a female, whose name
we did not hear, asking the .committee to assist her in
recovering some dock bonds and other property to which
she was entitled as the legal representative of her uncle,
a person named Lucas.

HEALTH COMMITTEE.—At the weekly meeting, on
Thursday, Mr. Fresh, the inspector of nuisances, reported
the cleansing of 1,185 cesspools and ashpits ; the issue of
700 midden-notes to persons whose middens were to be
emptied ; the inspection of 128 nuisances complained of
by the inhabitants ; the reference of 33 others to the
borough-engineer for remedy by drainage; the sanatory
examination of 1,751 court-houses in the most crowded
and unhealthy districts of the town, and the inspection of
193 cellars which had been formerly cleared of their in-
mates.—Within the last few weeks the average amount of
water used in watering the streets of Liverpool has teen
214,896 gallons per day.—During the week ending Sa-
turday, the 31st ultimo, the deaths registered in the bo-
rough were 168, of which 115 were in the parish, and 53 in
the extra-parochial wards. This shows a decrease of 53,
compared with the previous week, and the same decrease
as compared with the corresponding week of the three pre-
ceding years. The principal falling off has been in dis-
eases of the lungs, which caused only 49 deaths last week
against 73 in the week previous; the number being also
less than in any week during the preceding seven months.
From zymotic diseases there were 50 deaths ; from ty-
phus, 8 from bowel complaint, 8 from scarlatina, 4 from
measles, I from scurvy, and 11 from small-pcx; two only
having been vaccinated. Of the total deaths 100 were
children and 68 adults. The mean temperature of the
week was 56 degrees, nearly two degrees higher than the
previous week.—The medical -officer called attention to
the want of sewerage in Back Upper' Parliament-street.
It was ordered to be made.—A number of the inhabitants
of Bedford-street memorialised the committee upon the
subject of a nuisance caused by the smoke from paint-
works in that street. The chairman intimated that the
committee could not interfere, as they had no " smoke
engineer."—Mr. Davies, deputy borough-surveyor, ex-
plained that the delays in the paving of South Castle-
street-were now obviated, and that the work would pro-
gress as speedily as possible.

&anat. anb llorttrulturr.

The Floral Exhibition of the Bebbington Society will
take place on Thursday next, and will be grace.; by the
band of the 91st regiment, whose performances have given
so much pleasure.—The Cliildwall Exhibition will come
off on the 19th instant.

Amongst the serials which we have received this month
the following still take the lead as illustrative works on
botany, and are alone worthy of special notice :—Curtis's
Botanical Magazine, which contains its usual number of
plates, but this month they are mostly known species.—
Hooker's Journal of Botany is particularly interesting,
from its containing a second report upon Mr. Spruce's
dried plants from the Amazon, and other particulars.—
Maund's Reissue of the Early Nos. of the Botanic Gar-
den and Fruitist has plates of the pretty Lachenalia tri.
color, Erica herbacea, Polygala chamzebuxus, and Loni-
cera Tartarica; besides which, a figure of the apple called
Dumelow's Seediing.—Sowerbys English Botany pro-
gresses more rapidly than was promised ; the figures of
the species of Mentha in the present volume are beauti-
fully executed.

;.,•ricultural tiociety

in a lecture delivered to the Royr
of England by Professor Way, that gentleman state(
the combined experience of those who had obtained
favourable results from the use of common salt went to
prove :—That common salt improved the quality and
weight per bushel of the grain of wheat, barley, and
oats ; that it strengthens the straw of these cereal crops ;
that it increases the crop and improves the quality of
swedes, turnips, and carrots. and still more of mangold
wurzel; that it improves the quality of the grass in
healthy pastures, and makes it more palatable to stock ;
that it kills wireworms and slugs, ana destroys noxious
weeds; and that it promotes the health of animals when
given with their fcod. Common salt has also been found
beneficial to potatoes, peas, &c., but not so commonly as
to the other crops mentioned.
To those of our scientific friends who intend vh
world's fair, we recommend a visit to Mr. WyldE
which is thus described in the London paper
model is constructed on the concave surface o-

. .
the south pole occupying the lower portion and the north
perpendicularly above it, without regard to the inclination
of the ecliptic. On entering the globe accordingly, we
find ourselves surrounded by the South Pacific Ocean,
and already we are struck with the peculiarly picturesque
effect of the model. The tracts of land surrounded by a
wide expanse of blue ocean present at once a striking
picture. Four galleries, connected by a stair in the centre,
enable one to survey the whole internal surface ; and from
the upper gallery, over which the icy regions of the north
pole form a vaulted canopy, the eye reaches downwards in
all directions, and is able to embrace almost the whole
surface of the glebe. The outward circumference of the
galleries are near-enough to the surface to enable one to
examine closely the'minutest details of the model, and

the relative positions of plain and mountain, valley and
table-land. Each part is appropriately tinted—the fertile
valley, the granite range, the snowy peaks, the volcanic
craters, the lake, the river, and the sandy plain ; and
while the ,characteristic features of each tract are thus
rendered apparent at the first glance, all blend and melt
together when the vision groups them into masses, so that
the-eye-as readily gathersthe relative magnitudes of minor
divisions of sea and cowatry as those of oceans and con-
tinents. The choice of the concave surface, which to
most persons will appear objectionable as not giving a
notion-of the globe as it really appears, will upon the first
inspection at once be applauded. The superficial confi-
guration of the various tracts of land is exactly identical
with-what it would be on a convex surface, and the only
difference is in the direction of the axes of the diffemmt
elevations, which converge to instead of diverge from a
common centre—a 'difference scarcely appreciable to the
eye, owing to the-smallness of the elevations relatively to
the extent of the -surface. The advantage, on the other
hand, of the concave surface, in allowing the eye to em-
brace so large a portion of the globe, is paramount, 'the
-spectator being able to extend his range of vision almost
indefinitely. without change of position, and being thus
endowed with a kind of übiquity ; whereas, only small
portions at a time of a convex surface could be grasped,
and the survey of any extended region would require a
corresponding-amount of locomotion, while immediate re-
ference by the eye from one to the other of the two dis-
tant points would be impossible. On the importance of
this remarkable work as a means of instruction to those
bent upon the acquisition of solid knowledge, or as a
source of interest to the more worldly and superficial
gatherers of information, it would be superfluous to ex-
patiate. It is evident that the vivid impressions which
such a comprehensive survey of the various features of the
globe we inhabit as is afforded by Mr. Wyld's model pro-
duces must tend to fix upon the mind deeply and perma-
nently all braneles of knowledge and every variety of fact
that may be conveyed in connection with the physical
peculiarities of the earth. Those whose knowledge is
already extended, by having what was an abstract con-
ception solidified as it were into concrete perception,
will find themselves enabled to rise with greater facility
into a higher region of research, while those who have yet
to master the-fields of knowledge already laid open will
find the path-smoothed for them, and many an effort of
thought avoided, by what may be called a material tuition.
The space within which the globe is placed is surrounded
by a circular corridor formed by the beams and joists by
which the model is supported, and outwardly again are
four large apartments. These, as well as the corridor,
are intended to contain maps, plans, models, geographical
works and books of travels relating to every-quarter of the
globe. So that the " Model of the Earth" will be a
depository of all the information that can be obtained of a
geographical and topographical nature. -Such an institu-
tion as this must .necessarily be of immense practical
utility, and no less than the work which 'has given rise to
it, is deserving-the warmest support of the public.
LIQUEFACTION OF CARBON.—In an article on the Ex-
hibition in the. Times of the 2nd of Juneit is stated that,
" If it were practicable to liquefy pure charcoal and allow
it to crystalize incooling, we should producediamonds arti-
ficially." Carbon was liquefied not long since by Mr. Des-
pretz of Paris, by means of the heat produced by an enor-
mously powerful-combination of galvanic batteries. On
cooling, it invariably assumed the form of plumbago,
whatever its original state had been. It has, therefore,
been conjectured that the diamond is the result of an ex-
tremely slow crystalization at a moderate temperature,
which perhaps occupies ages, and which cannot be arti-
ficially imitated.

THE SUPREMACY OF THE POPE CON-
TRASTED WITH THE SUPREMACY OF
THE QUEEN.

On Tuesday evening, the Rev. Hugh Stowell, of Man-
chester, delivered a lecture on the above subject, in the
Amphitheatre of this town, in connection with the
Church of England Institution. Mr. SAMUEL HOLME
occupied the chair, and the proceedings having been
opened with prayer, by the Rev. Mr. Mosse, introduced
the lecturer in a speech of some length, in the course of
which he alluded to the loyalty of the people of England ;
and contended that the supremacy of the Pope was utterly
incompatible with the supremacy of the Queen, and would
not be tolerated by her Protestant subjects.
The Rev. Huai{ STOWELL then came forward, and was
received with much enthusiasm. No nation he said, ever
so sturdily or so steadily withstood the usurpation of the
great mitred despot of Home as our own glorious nation ;
and no nation had achieved the victory of the reformation
more majestically or effectually than our own beloved land.
They had deemed that the battle with Rome had been
finally fought and won; and finally won it would have been
if they had not slept upon their arms, and drunk of the
cup of her sorceries. But it was useless to bewail the
past, except as it led them to redouble exertions for the
future. They were fairly committed to the great struggle
again. The battle between the independency and supre-
macy of the throne of England and the usurpation of the
mitred prelate of Rome was again to be fought. (Hear.)
The conflict, to be successful must he enlightened, and
based on sound information and just views. These must
be derived from reading and thinking—from searching the
records of the past, and especially fiom searching the
pages of the record of divine inspiration, the only infalli-
ble guide far Protestant men (Hear, hear.) The ques-
tion for them to decide was, whether there should be the
supremacy of the Queen or the supremacy of the Pope—
whether they would have the dark despotism of Pius the
Ninth or the free enlightened opinions of intel:igent Pro-
testantism ? By the supremacy of the Queen he under-
stood what was expressed in the 38th article. It was
short and simple, and easy to be understood. It affirmed
thnt she had authority over all her subjects, whether lay
or ecclesiastical. In a court of justice she had supreme
Jurisdiction. (Hear.) The supremacy of the Queen was
a legitimate and scriptural supremacy. She derived it
not from usurpation, nor from conquest, but in direct
lineal descent from her ancestors. She held her throne
by the will of God, and also by the loyalty of her people.
(Cheers:) The authority of the Queen was scriptural,
and as such they were hound to obey her. But further,
the supremacy of the Queen extended over all religious
bodies whatever. Many Protestants denied the supre-
macy of the Queen except over the Church of England.
They said she was the head of the Church of England,
but over them she had no control. He knew of no such
distinctions. They all received the protection of the
state, and they should all submit to its government.
(Hear, hear.) And they all would do so except the
Church of Rome, that alien body, which wanted another
head. He was aware it would be said the Queen was the
head of the Church of England. This he repudiated.
The Queen was never called the head of the Church of
England in any official documents. Many of their friends
said this was a battle between two churches. It was not
so. Nor was it true that the Queen was the head of the
Church of England, as the Pope was the head of the
Romish Church. The articles of the church gave the
Queen no power to administer the sacraments, or to min-
ister the word of God. They could not look upon the
Queen as having no interest in the church, and they had
ever found that a nation most flourished, as might be seen
by the Jewish nation, where God was most honoured.
His object was to show that the supremacy of the Queen
was scriptural, legitimate, modified, measured, whole-
some, and successful in its results. (Cheers.) On the other
side he would claim to show the sovereign pontiff, whose
supremacy was founded upon fraud, forgery, and unsup-
ported assumptions. Mr. Stowell then adverted to the
various disputes as to papal succession, and to the tem-
poral, as well as spiritual, interference of the Roman
'Catholic Church. Consistent papists must obey the
Pope in preference to any earthly power. Away with the
horrible abomination. He had no sympathy with men
who did not abhor the Church of Rome,—no sympathy
with that loyalty which did not denounce her,—no sym-
pathy with the sense of justice of that man who did not
reprobate her,—no sympathy with the purity and integ-
rity of tbat man who did not utterly abominate her odious
confessionals—(hear and applause)—he bad no sympathy
with the Englishman who did not say, come what fearful
invasion may, never let that worst of all calamities befal
us, that Protestant England shall again io tied to the

chariot wheels of the monstrous usurper of Rome. 1
(Loud cheers.) In conclusion, Mr. Stowell referred to
the duty incumbent on all sound-hearted Protestants at
the next election, and said that two stanch Protestant
members had been found for Manchester. Let Liverpool
take care that she had not been distanced in the race.
O❑ the motion of the Rev. Mr. PARRY, seconded by
Alderman PARKER, a vote of thanks was passed to the
lecturer by acclamation.
[As a verbatim report of this splendid oration i
to be published in a more durable form than newspal
forms can supply, we have no doubt that all our readers
will possess themselves of a ropv.l

CORRE

SPOND.ENCE,

PROTECTION AND CURRENCY

" So far from urging the Government to bring separately
under the view of the legislature the questions of Currency and
Corn, it was the decided interest of the landowners to have
insisted on a careful revision of both these subjects conjointly.

They are in themselves intimately blended : it is absurd to talk
of price without reference to money; and it is impossible to
alter the quantity of money without affecting prices. Dis-
jointed discussion on tl ese two vital points is the precise cause
of the dangerous conclusions now sanctioned by Parliament,

existing proprietors."•
Currency."

'—Sir James Graham

ira his" Corn and

forty shillings,

It seems now generally admitted tha
and even lower, will be the ruling price of corn. But

become money

On the other bend, it is wonderful how the Freetraders
can expect more trade, when they vote in Parliament for

contracting the money, through which only trade can be
carried on. It is in vain to look for improving trade,
whilst money does not increase with the increase of popu-
lation and productions.
' Our candidates at the approaching election must not
be permitted to pass this question sub silentio. If their
e addresses leave the question of Currency
_untouched,

tnt will be found to proclaim on the
law which gave birth to the panic of

that ti