The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-05-26 00:00:00

SPEECH OF THE REV, HUGH 14'NEILE,

IN THE AMPHITHEATRE,
AT THE MEETING OF THE CHURCH MISSIONARY
SOCIETY, MAY 22,

[At the request of several persons who heard Mr.
M`Naile's eloquent speech at the Amphitheatre on Monday
last, we are induced to present it to our readers in a com-
plete form, seeing that it contains much important matter not
only with reference to the Church Missionary Society, but
with reference to the Tractarian heresy which is now afflict-
ing the Church.--En. STAND.]

I have been requested to move this resolution—" That the
divine blessing, which has of late been so manifestly bestowed
upon the labours of our missions abroad, calls for our grate-
ful thanks to God ; and that we desire to commend to the
special prayers of all members of this association the several
missions of the society, that in each of them the Gospel may
continue to be the power of God unto the salvation of many
souls." (Cheers.)
Before I offer any observations upon what may be called
the peculiar matter brought before us in this resolution, I
wish to make a few upon another subject. Some of the
opening remarks of our Christian brother from Africa invite
me to a kind and friendly explanation. (Hear.) I sin sure,
sir, that you, in common with us all, must have been grieved
at the appearance of embarassment with which an important
feature of our great subject was approached by that reverend
gentleman, and at the apparent feeling of pain with which he
refrained from what might otherwise have been the tenor of
some of his observations, especially when that short sentence
dropped from him, that " the Africans are a doomed race."
(Hear, hear.) Upon this, sir, with your permission, I think
it important to offer what, I have said, a kind, a friendly, and
an affectionate explanation. (Applause.)
I most cordially agree, sir, in the sentiments of all our
dear Christian brethren, that the Gospel is to be preached to
every kindred, tribe, people, and nation, without exception
and without reserve,—without exception as regards them,
and without reserve as regards the manner of approaching
them. (Hear, hear.) We are encouraged in this work by
the plain precepts of our Lord himself, who left to us his
command that his disciples should go into all the world, and
preach the Gospel to every creature. Here is no reservation,
and here is no exception. (Hear.) We are encouraged, too,
not only by the precept given by Him who will never fail to
give power for the obedience of his precepts to those who
ask it, but we are encouraged also by a certain class of pro-
phecy. (Hear, hear.) There are prophecies which declare
that the Lord shall gather, during his absence, from the earth
a people unto himself out of every kindred and tribe, and peo-
ple, and nation, and their number shall be exceedingly great ;
it is said, indeed, to be "a multitude without number," that
is, beyond man's calculation as to number, out of every
kindred. This is encouragement from prophecy, as well as
precept, and this, you will observe, applies as fully to the
African as to any other class of human beings. (Hear.)
Here, I hope, there is no cause to complain ; here, I be-
lieve, we all go together as one man. But, sir, there is ano-
ther class of prophecies which refer, not to the spread of the
gospel for the conversion of sinners, but which refer to the
fore-ordained dealings of Almighty God with the nations of
the earth as nations, not to his dealings with individuals as
sinners, calling them, unreservedly, by the glorious procla-
mation of pardoning mercy, to be reconciled to himself.
(Hear, hear, and applause.) But, to his dealings with the
nations, as nations : surely it is not too much to expect
from those who love their Bible, and eulogize their Bible,
and who take pains in reading their Bible, to distinguish be-
tween those two classes of prophecy. And, sir, out of love
to our Missionary cause, and out of that which is inseparable
from true love, jealousy—l say, jealousy is inseparable from
true love, and I prove it thus,—" God is love," and God
says, " I am a jealous God,"—(applause)—out of jealousy
to the cause I love, and for the good of bat cause, a false
ground of support should not be put forward upon which to
rest any part of its claims, I think it of the utmost impor-
tance that the distinction referred to should be made ; and
that those prophecies which refer to the divine dealings with
the nations, connected as they are with the Second Advent
of the Messiah, and with the national resuscitation of the
Jews, should not be advanced as part of the grounds of our
encouragement in preaching of the gospel. (Hear.) The
distinction I think is clear ; and I am persuaded it will com-
mend itself to those who are in the habit of discriminating
while they read the Scriptures. (Hear, hear.)
It is here, with regard to the divine view of nations, as
such, that we are to take up the solemn language of God
concerning Canaan. (hear, hear.) The Canaanites when
driven forth, before the victorious sword of Joshua, and af-
terwards more completely by King David, spread forth, as
we know from profane history, and became settlers in Africa.
There is the race of Canaan. The descendants of Sham
peopled the East, and are now to be found in the millions of
Hindostan as well as in the wandering Jews, all over the
world, whilst the western nations were peopled by the
descendants of Japheth. Now, thus runs the word of the
living God,—

" Cursed be Canaan : a servant of servants shall he he unto hi
brethren. Blessed be the Lord God of Shem ; and Canaan shall be
his servant. God shall enlarge Japheth, and he shall dwell in the
tents of Shem ; and Canaan shall be his servant."
It certainly becomes us to be modest and careful when we
anticipate from such language the dealings of God with the
world ; but when the events of history have set their seal upon
a certain interpretation of language up to a certain point, it
does appear to me the fair result of legitimate reasoning, to
anticipate that future events will put a similar interpretation
upon the remaining language of the prediction.
There was a very remarkable predictic- of a different kind
uttered by a heathen poet ; he anticipated that the Indians
would make settlements in the west and north. Is it not
so? Did not he sing—
Gelidurn potat Indus Araxem ?

(Hear, hear, hear.) Did be not anticipate the Indians would
come and drink the cold Araxes littering his prophecy
from human sagacity, he supposed the then civilized tribes
would make incursions into the then barbarian countries, and
make settlements in the west. But, Sir, did it turn out so?
By no means. (Hear, hear.) The descendants of Shem did
not occupy the tent of Japheth ; Hindostan made no incur-
sions into the west ; the Indians made no settlements in Eu-
rope, but the divine word had said that " Japheth shall dwell
in the tents of Shem," and, accordingly, the western nations
did make incursions, the western nations did make perman-
ent settlements and establish themselves, within the boun-
daries of Shem. (Hear, hear.) The divine word is then ful-
filled by history ; and in each clause of the prophecy it is re-
iterated upon the disobedient disrespectful child, " Canaan
:shall be is servant." (Hear, hear.)
• May this be withheld? May we eulogize the Bible and
circulate the Bible, and after all, make use of only extracts
from the Bible? (Hear, hear.) But does putting this for-
ward damage our missionary cause ? In no wise. (Cheers.)
Does putting this forward set a duty before men, which con-
travenes tie plain precept to seek the temporal as well as the
spiritual good of all their fellow Christians? In no wise.
(Cheers.) Did the prophecy interfere with a duty of this
kind, to proclaim emancipation to the negroes in our colonies,
and did those who hold such views of prophecy withhold
their advocacy from the great abolition cause ? By no means.
(Loud cheers.) Sir, lam thankful to be able to say while
these views have been for many years in my head and heart
1 nevertheless felt it my duty, acting upon the precept, and
not upon the prophecy, to throw all my energies, when the
proper opportunity arrived, into the cause of the abolition of
the detestable traffic in the slavery of human beings. (Cheers.)
In like manner our views of prophecy with regard to the
Lord's final dealing with the nations, interfere in no respect
with our ordinary duty in preaching the gospel now, or
causing it to be preached, to every creature. And, now, I
think it is only fair, it is only right, that if the class of pro-
phecy to v‘hich I have referred, wherein the nations of the
earth are spoken of as nations, be referred to at all,
they should be referred to in their context. (Hear, hear.)
And if the passage that " Ethiopia shall stretch forth her
hands unto God" be brought forward, Ethiopia not express-
ing in that place individuals to be converted from the African
race—in which sense we have no objection to place it in a
different context, but if " Ethiopia" means the race itself,
as a race, (and this seems to me its true meaning in the
Psalm,) then let the passage be taken in its context, and thus
we find it—

" The Lord said I will bring again from Bashan, I will bring my
people again from the depths of the sea, that thy foot may be
dipped in the blood of thine enemies, and the tongue of thy dogs in
the same."

Of what people is this spoken, but of that people agai❑ and
agai❑ called " his people," whose restoration to their land is
connected in prophecies without number, with dreadful de-
struction upon the enemies that shall attack them there—the
Gog and Magog who shall asse►rble against the unwalled
villages of Judea, and in whose blood the very dogs of the
restored Jewish nation shall be made red? (Hear, hear.)
And what follows? The description of the tribes—little
Benjamin, the Princes of Judah, the Princes of Zebulun, and
the Princes of Napthali—" Because of thy temple at Jeru-
salem shall kings bring presents unto thee: princes shall
come nut of Egypt, Ethiopia shall soon stretch out her hands
unto God." Here is the context : (hear) Israel is restored ;
the battle of Armageddon is fought; the King of Israel is
there—

" The beam that shines on Zion's hill
Shall lighten every land ;
The King that reigns in Zion's towers
Shall the whole world command !"
(Cheers.) Then, " because of the temple at Jerusalem"
Princes shall come ; because of the restoring love of Jehovah
the King, " Ethiopia shall stretch forth her hands unto
God." ( Hear.) This is the context ; and the glory of a
passage lies in the context ! (Loud cheers.)
I have ventured to say so much in the way of explanation,
and I do trust and hope, most sincerely, that our dear friend
and brother has nothing to complain of, nothing to feel hurt
by, nothing that the tenderest feelings could be wounded by,
in any of the expressions concerning his race. (Hear, hear.)
If we read the prophecy I have ventured to read before you,
we read it, we beg to assure him, with feelings kindred to
his own, with sympathy for that race; we read it. I beg to
assure him, not in unkindness towards the " doomed race,"
but we cannot blot it oat—there it is—it is our duty to
attend to it—to explain it—to mark the progress of events ;
and it is our happiness to see that those events, so marked
in the divine word, present no hindrance nor discouragement
whatever in the preaching of the Gospel to every creature of
every clime, and every name, under heaven. (Hear.)
We give God thanks, then, for the blessing which has
already attended the preaching of the Gospel. (Cheers.)
Many of the details of that blessing have been brought before
us by my dear and reverend brother Mr. Bickersteth ; they
do :indeed call for thanksgiving to the only source from
whence such blessings can flow, and we are invited to pray
that in all the stations occupied by this Society the Gospel
may still be found the power of God unto the salvation of
many souls. (Hear.)
I do not know whether it was the intention of the managers
of this Association, who drew up this resolution, or not, but
it has certainly been their act in the wording of the resolu-
tion, to call the attention of the mover of it to the quality of
the Gospel preached, because upon the quality of the
Gospel preached must depend whether it can be expected
to prove the power of God unto salvation. In looking at
every remedial process it becomes a wise man to acquaint
himself with the nature of the evil to be remedied; and if wo
would look to the nature of the process which must be car-
ried on as remedial for sinful man in this or any other coma..
try. we must first be acquainted with the nature of his dis-
ease. (Hear.) It will at once be admitted that man's dis-
ease is sin, but it is not at once readily seen that sin acts
with regard to two things; it acts with regard to the divine
law, and also with regard to the human conscience. With
regard to the divine law, sin exposes man to the anger of
God : with regard to human conscience, sin exposes man to
his own condemnation. (Cheers.) Suppose him freed from
smilesh
im cannot
the penalty, and the anger of God removed from him, yet, if
him
sec
er thatr
he has his own condemnation still resting upon
' rds
he
iciaimnniontHveheaavepne, yaceetwifiLlii. own God he.Tarltlo
fruochn uponallbe
have peace; so that the state of mind which produces be to v
self-
condemnation must be addressed as well as the state of con-
ducto which exposes to penalty and wrath. (Ilear'
kp hear.)
e se
t himin
o
It
atis tah
de
issetacnrectesefrlof-mcori
theentin ofsinner
true God
that he deserves not to be received e in peace thaett Coalk
vi
m es him
feel an interest in staying away. (Hear.) wiiat made the
first self-condemned sinner hide from thu presence of •
heavenly Father among the trees of the garden ? t his
bounding, es before, in all the buoyancy of happy h"peead, of
he heard the voice of his beloved Lord in the gaidetoi. be
hold
hi shrinking with shame from that friendly voice,' codes,
voqring to hide his head among the trees. 'why Co.
UQ4 sewed to love hint' 13Y .110 n'cun;! earna witl%
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pravinK that God lona man "is this was manifest the love
of God that he gave his Son ;" but our great difficulty lie'
. let inducing men to love him. They will not come to him
that they might have life. And why not? Because they
are secretly condemned in themselves. (Hear.) Oh, sir,
there is more of alarm about eternity among men than is
generally supposed. (Hear, hear.) Alen talk about God's
mercy, and express a hope that all will be well •, but ninny a
trembling heart lies beneath those fair and outside bravadoes.
The poor heathen do not hide it; they hare not learned to
stifle their conscience with mere talk ; they have recourse to
bleeding sacrifices to appease their God, and that Bhews the
real secret of alarm that lies within. How shall we address
them ? What is the power of God to win them to himself?
What is the quality of the Gospel that must prove the power
of salvation to them ? Is it to begin with moral precepts?
They know already they are sinners; witness their bleeding
rites. Where must we begin? Why, from the very nature
of the disease, pardoning love is the first step of the remedy
(hear) ; the atonement, instead of being reserved for a higher
class, is the very A B C which God has commanded' to be
preached to every man. (Loud cheers.) It is the manifes-
tation of God's love in the way of pardon! (Hear.) " In
this was manifest the love of God, that he gave his Son "
what for ?—" to be the propitiation of our sins ! " That
touches the point; that goes to the very sore place; that
goes, sir—a quaint but faithful expression of a Scotch poet
occurs to my mind—dir/ upon the bone. (Applause.) It
is pardoning love ; and it is proclaimed from heaven, that it
may produce grateful love upon earth. (Renewed applause.)
I delight in representing true religion as an echo ; and I be-
lieve I use not only a beautiful but a correct illustration
when I say that all true religion upon earth is an echo • the
sound that raised it is love from heaven—" God so loved'
the world that he gave his Son,"—and the sound that is
raised is love upoil earth—" We love him because he first
loved us." (Loud cheers.) Another illustration is given
by Archbishop Leighton ; he says, " Our love to God is a
repercussion of the beams of his love to us." If this be so,
and we expect the Gospel to prove the power of God to sal-
vation among the heathen, it must be the Gosp!'l which
begins with the atonement instead of reserving the atone.
ment for a future and more elevated condition—(cheers)—
therefore, I am rejoiced to find upon every side reference
made to the first principles of this society. (Hear.) I re-
joice to find we are not only going forward now to send our
arrows abroad, but that we are come back to examine and
re-string our bow—(cheers)—that we are not only engaged
in procuring funds to multiply our preachers, but we are en-
gaged in giving you fresh assurance of what the thing will be
that shall be preached—that it shall be the Gospel of the
grace of God manifested in the gift of his Son, giving him-
self unto death a curse under the law that he might redeem
us from the curse of the law; and, therefore, exhibiting to
the poor heathen, the poor wretched stave of Satan, the ele-
ments of liberty, for it is the love of God in man's heart
that makes him a free man—the prevailing love of God in
man's heart puts everything in its right place. That is the
supreme sentiment, and it ought to be supreme. (Cheers.)
Before him alone mau bows, which he should do, for man is
the image of God ; and when the Spirit of God is in his
heart, everything is subordinated and arranged in his mind.
This, then, is liberty; and to give liberty this must be pro-
claimed. It is Christ's office, the office of his preachers, to
proclaim liberty to the captive ! Anti-Christ withholds this
liberty by withholding a full reconciliation to the Father;
Anti-Christ keeps his disciples in doubt still as to whether
they are indeed reconciled, as to whether the Atonement is
quite sufficient for them ; Antichrist keeps them in doubt by
a repetition of the sacrifice, and by requiring them to perform
certain conditions, in order that it may be applied to them
by the prayers of the church, which keeps them waiting for
years upon masses before they can be fully satisfied they are

reconciled to God. I say this not in the way of angry and
petulant controversy : I say it in deep and unfeigned con-
cern, she does not proclaim the only healing balm of Christ
to win a sinner to the Father's bosom, but keeps him down,
crouching to a fellow-creature on his knees, until that fellow-
creature r eiterates and reoffers agai❑ the sacrifice of Christ

for the living and the dead. (Cheers.) Any approach to
this would mar the great object we have in view : we can not
expect that the gospel adulterated with such sentiments
should prove " the power of God unto salvation." (Hear,
hear, hear.) It is, therefore, sir, with great satisfaction we
have heard to-day such sentiments from head-quarters—such
sentiments from the deputation—and that we have seen such
sentiments were uttered at the meeting of the Parent Society ;
and that we have seen, by deed as well as word, that the Pa-
rent Society are determined to maintain the purity of the
gospel. (Hear, hear.) I say "by deed as well as word."
Mr. Bickersteth has referred to the case I allude to. It was
the case of a reverend gentleman, who was engaged as a mis-
sionary for this society, in the East Indies, in the Presidency
of Madras. He entertained some extraordinary notions
about bow the gospel should he preached to the heathen; he
felt that some reserve should be used in bringing the full
statements of the gospel before them, and he wished to con-
struct a church which should express in its compartments
something of the sentiments of his mind upon the subject.
Here is a plan of his proposed church (the rev. gentleman
here exhibited a small plan from the account of the matter
issued by the society), and I will tell you what compartments
it was intended to contain. Here, in the centre, was the
choir for the faithful; beyond that the chancel upon an ele-
vation; upon one side a chapel for catechumens; upon ano-
ther a chapel for penitents ; between the faithful and the
nave there is a screen, and then outside is the nave
for the heathen. (Hear, hear, hear.) He wrote express-
ing his views to the corresponding committee of this
society at Madras ; they were dissatisfied, and passed a
resolution expressing their dissatisfaction, and they wrote
home to the Parent Society's Committee. In the meantime
the rev. gentleman had appealed to the Bishop of Madras,
and the Bishop of Madras wrote home, desiring to refer the
matter, supposing it to come within range of the law of refer-
ence, to the Archbishop of Canterbury with other bishops
of the English church. The Parent Society's Committee
did not feel it was a matter within the law of reference, and
after mature consideration, they acted upon the decision
of their corresponding committee—they have acted upon
their own descretion—they have removed the rev. gentleman
from their employment—(loud cheers)—they have sanctioned
the conduct of the corresponding committee in withholding
his salary—(hear, hear,)—in cutting off the communication
between him and the society ; and, although the matter has
been laid, as a matter of course, before his grace the Lord
Primate, yet, not coming under the law of reference, his
grace has not seen it right to adjudicate on the matter.
(Hear, hear.) The committee, acting upon their own views,
have now published a pamphlet containing all the resolutions
of the corresponding committee, the plan of the proposed
church, the letter of the Bishop of Madras, and all the docu-
ments connected with the whole concern. (Cheers.) They
stand before_ you as having freed themselves from the first

suspicions of any approach to this evil in one of their mil.
sions, therefore, they strthiLirefore you, in deed as well as it

. . ,
word, the defenders of the purity of the gospel, which might
he expected according to the divine blessing " to prove the
power of God to the salvation of many souls among the hea-
then." They have at the same time manifested all dutiful
submission to their ecclesiastical superiors, and express their
sincere regret that ally part of the conduct of their corres-
ponding committee, should have worn for a moment the ap-
pearance of disrespect to the Bishop of Madras. (Loud
cheers.) It is of no small consequence that this should be
the tone taken by this society. (Hear.) If there be an in-
stitution in Great Britain which may justly be considered as
giving more pointedly than any other to the public the pre-
vailing sentiments of the Church of England, prevailing in
point of numbers, I may say prevailing now in point of pa-
tronage, the standard in every way, and certainly 1 may say
largely prevailing in point of income—if there be such an in-
stitution, it is the Church Missionary Society. I would ask,
how can the Dissenters of England, who have been charging
our church with this heresy of tractarianism, and have grounded
some late proceedings in opposition to the wishes of her Ma-
jesty's government upon the charge of the Church's unsound-
ness, how can they ascertain that charge by matter of fact?
(Loud cheers.) The history, the conduct, and this language
of the Church Missionary Society are all in opposition to
such a charge. (Cheers.) It is of importance that this
should be known; it is of importance that the integrity of
the English Church should be vindicated. (Hear, hear.) I
stand not here to vindicate Tractarianism, but I stand here
to vindicate the Church of England against it ;—(great
cheering)—and I believe that many of the things which 1 and
a few others took the liberty of saying years ago, without be-
ing believed, are now believed, respecting the machinations
of the Church of Rome—(hear, hear)—and respecting the
secret designs with which she is encroaching stealthily upon
many of the positions that ought to be maintained by the
Church of England alone. (Hear, hear, hear.) We said,
some years ago; that there was a plan of this kind in progress,
but we said it with little effect. Some mourned over the
statement as an instance of fanaticism in us ; some lamented
that gentlemen capable of being of so much use if they would
turn their talents and attention into the proper channel,
should devote themselves to such ultra, and more then ultra,
or extra Protestantism ;--( hearl—and we were treated like
Cassandra of old, while the heresy, like the wooden horse,
was winning its treacherous way into the citadel of our great
university. (Hear, hear.) Many of the charges we made
then have turned out to be true, and they are now forced
upon the attention of the country ; they are now forced upon
the attention of the Government. (Loud applause.) The
danger to the English Church arising from Tractarianism is
forced upon the attention of the Government because of this
late movement amongst the dissenters. (Hear.) Here we see
the wonder working hand of Him who bringeth good out of
evil. (Cheers.) The impatient charge made by a large body
of dissenters—a body of whom I would speak with the highest
respect the Wesleyans, who suddenly, when the subject of
national education is the matter before us, change their tone
—the decided opposition they have given, and the reason they
have given, namely, unsoundness of the church—has forced
the subject upon the notice of men its authority who before
hinted that there might be too much made of it, and it did
not deserve their attention. Now they do give it their atten-
tion. (Cheers.) This is important every way, for we have
always professed, that notwithstanding the advaneennent in
learning, the improvement in various arts and sciences, of
these latter days—notwithstanding the march of mind, as it
is called, there is nothing in natural knowledge to check false
religion. (Cheers.) Religion is a matter of the heart, not
of the intellect ; and you may cultivate the intellect up to
the highest attainment of mathematical learning, while you
leave the heart untouched and unwon to God, and you leave
the poor creature the slave of sin ; and not only so, but
although he may secretly see reasons against superstition, he
has not the power of moral energy to emancipate himself
from the superstition. There is a proof of this at hand, and
an extraordinary one. Has there not been an advance of
secular learning upon the continent? Have there not been
great advances in scientific attainments, and their application
to the wants and comforts of society, in France? They have
gone forward there, and have now traced our steps in the
establishment of railways. Well, one would think that
science enough to construct a locomotive engine would put
n ; but what have we
rench railway, among
nowan e n?cl
lA,t o, e ah
agreat
at dtehael
opening
e rosft iat i
Fo
other ceremonies of the day, the cardinal archbishop of the
church coming forward to bless the line, and sprinkling holy
water upon the rails! (Hear, hear, and laughter.) I really
do not think this is any subject for laughter at all. I think
it a most grievous and awful thing that men advanced in all
the secular attainments which adorn society should still be
plunged in such superstition, and can consent to be present,
and sanction by their apparent countenance such an insult to
common sense as this. (Hear.) It is a melancholy proof of
the state into which we are fallen. But all these things tend to
endear to us an institution like the present, which not only
acts in the propagation of truth abroad, but which savingly
re-acts in the preservation of truth at home. (Hear, hear.)
I value it highly, air, indeed. I would that all who are con-
nected with it would warn their friends, as the Bishop of
Calcutta is reported to have warned his friends upon his late
friend in the Mysore
rmeceetrivoepdolaitalenuteorubr,yatueinlestittrnheailhferroemsy
111 have alluded to. I
country, who tells me of 4 chaplain to the East India Com-
pany, in the diocese of Madras, who has these notions. He
ogifvtehsei
loan,ndeed a
and h
y erey distressing account of the moral diameter
mentions names, which I will not mention ;
hut hesays the Bishop of Calcutta, upon his late metropoli-
tan visitation, warned his hearers to avoid that gentlemen Ds
a false prophet. (Cheers.) I think the matter has gone so
far with us now that a warning to all our lay friends to avoid
the evil becomes our plain and obvious duty. (Loud cheers.)
The battle is not to be fought by the clergy only ;—(hear)—
the evil is not an assault upon the clergy only—it is an
assault upon the church, and the church consists of the
people. (Hear, hear.) Wu are your servants for Christ's
part,sttk e
of forming
thec
a u
r h peahr t,,—
ye indeed,ar
e God's building, ye are God's but only a comparatively small
workmanship ; we are labourers together with him, but yc
are the husbandry. It becomes you to keep yourselves pure ;
it becomes you to chew you have profited by the instruction
yon have received from us, that your spiritual senses are cv.
cruised, as St. Paul expresses it, to 4f- discern goad and evil,“
end TM t 9 atteß4 the cainiary of any rap; whq ifOtil.4i
till ter
M; tho oirtiOlni of your 11440, (Pitterz,) It hoeorPcs RP
tff IMPOff V4I if pm 1410 oq iiiiiiir.74o qoppßil fkl, ff?' .

t .s' ntism of your church. (Cheers.) If you wish to keep
your church a missionary church, with any prospect of good
to the heathen, you must keep it a Protestant church; and if
you will keep your church Protestant, you must practically
protest not only against popery, commonly so called, but
also against semi-popish statements and proceedings within
her pale. (Hear, hear, hear, and great cheering.) You
should withdraw yourselves, not from the church certainly,
happily there is no occasion, for our churches stand
within moderate distances one from another, and there is
scarcely a neighbourhood to be found where you may not
have a choice without serious inconvenience. In large towns
you hate all this within the parish, but even in country
places, highly and justly as you value the order and regu-
larity of parochial subdivisions, where every thing of a higher
description is right ; you should never consent to allow them
to overbear your love of divine truth, and protest against
error ; and whenever there is a man who makes the forms
and commandments of men, however innocent or even
valuable in themselves, the prominent theme of his instruc-
tion, to the neglect of the great truths of God, leave him
" alone in his glory," and go to another church. (Great
cheering.) In a church supported by endowment you cannot
help yourselves. The remedy lies in higher hands, and
doubtless will be applied at the right time. Do not be im-
patient when men in authority do not move. When men in
authority move they must move with power, and it becomes
power to be patient. (Hear.) No man is fit for the posses-
sion of power who has not first learned the exercise of pati-
.. Where the church is endowed, there the minister re-
mains, whether the people attend him or not; but in a great
many of the churches which have come to the assistance of the
endowed churches, to gather the overflowings of a unprovided
population, and where the minister is supported by the con-
tributions of the people who take the pews, you can refuse
to take the pews. You can starve tractarianisrn out of the
church ! (Renewed cheers.) I cannot but feel that this is
of much importance. I know I am taking a serious step in
giving such advice to the laity ; and I will say for myself, I
have not done it impatiently. It is a long time now this has
been working ; and mans of my friends complain that I have
not spoken of it long ago. It is indeed of the highest im-
portance. If it be our duty to expose error, it is equally
your duty to separate from error. It is for your sakes we
contend, that the truth of the gospel may remain with you ;
but in vain shall the clergy on either side contend, if the
mass of the laity treat truth and error alike. I conclude now
by calling your attention to the greatest evil we have to con-
tend against in this matter among ourselves, among men
who are not openly infected with this heresy. It is the great
desire and aim of the enemy of mankind, who is called in the
scriptures the Devil, to keep matters peaceable as regards reli-
gion. Whatever commotion there may be upon other subjects,
he earnestly desires there should be no commotion about
religion. (Hear.) Let that be quiet. Moderation there, he
preaches ; he endeavours to create a state of indifference
with regard to eternity, whilst the aim of true religion is just
the reverse of this—it is to excite a concern about eternity.
As soon as, by the mercy of God, it appears successful, com-
motion is inevitable: the newborn child of God stands; he
no longer goes with the multitude to do evil, and the multi-
tude jostle him. They rush forward as before ; he is in their
way, arid they jostle him ; lie finds new life in him, new aims'
and objects, lie changes his course, and then he jostles them.
Thus there is commotion (hear, hear); and in this world,
wherever salvation begins, commotion begins. (Cheers.)
What is the cause of this? It is " the strong man armed "
that desires "to keep his goods in peace." Now, sir, the
way in which the great enemy of mankind checks this com-
motion varies with the times and circumstances of the world.
At first he took a summary way ; he put an end to this re-
sistance by the hungry lions of pagan Rome, and afterwards
by the burning faggots of papal Rome ! (Loud cheers.)
When he had got rid of the resistance, all was fair and all
was peace again ; but now those who are still called " pesti-
lent fellows," as the apostles were, are not to be got rid of
by so summary a process. What is to be done then ? What
is his " ingenious device" now? (Hear, hear.) His plan
now is to throw such discredit over the meaning of divine
revelation, that no man can tell what is truth and what is
not truth ; and any man who dares to say what is truth, is
denounced as a bigot; the public opinion is turned against
him, in proportion as he lays hold of God's truth. (Hear,
hear.) Satan endeavours to represent our heavenly Father
as having given us a revelation which means nothing or any- '
thing that anybody pleases! (Hear, hear, hear.) He en-
deavours to propagate that sort of charity, as he has mis-
called it, which will not give offence, which will not run the
risk of giving.offence, upon any occasion, by determining
what is truth, but which will treat what I think truth and
what other people think truth, and what anybody thinks
truth, truth and error, with the same gentlemanlike, kind,
civil, polite, anti-Christian forbearance ! (Loud cheers.)
This is to be gentlemanly ! In this way he has rendered it
an act of absolute soldiership for any man to dare to say he
knows what is truth ; to attach certainty to almost any
statement of revelation, is almost the same thing as to prci-
claim war. (Loud cheers.) I think these sentiments only
want to ba meditated upon, to be entered into, and
believed, for the force of them to be felt. (Hear.) I
know that persons who are naturally quiet are not so
likely to feel .the force of them as the pioneers who so
forward to receive the first blows ; but those, I say, who are
faithful enough to believe the Bible, and to state what they
believe as God's truth, are now exposed to odium as un-
charitable, unkind, and bigotted. (Hear, hear, hear.) The
only way to attain and retain a character for charity now
is to admit—to say, " I may be wrong in this, I cannot say,
perhaps Christ was not God,—l must not dare to say posi-
tively he is, for that would give offence to the Unitarians—
perhaps there are other mediators between God and man : I
must be modest, and I may be wrong—my Roman Catholic
brethren may be right in praying to the Virgin Mary—l do
not say." (Hear, hear.) This is what goes down now, sir.
(Loud cheers.) Oh, sir, we must beware how we yield to
the current that is setting that way. (Hear, hear.) I fear
not only from the outbreak of this heresy, but from the
sapping and undermining effects of this false charity. (Hear.)
I see little of the tone and temper that won the Reformation,
and it can only be retained by the temper which achieved it.
(Tremendous cheers.) As for this glorious Gospel for the
Heathen, let us hold fast by its purity to him ! Let us mul-
tiply the resources for the spreading of it abroad ! Let us
multiply prayers to God that he will give us men as well as
money—that he will touch the hearts of dear young students
at our Universities—that he will win them not only to the
enjoyment of himself, but to imbibe so large a portion of his
own spirit that they .will yearn over the perishing millions
!of the heathen world, that they will be ready to devote them-
selves to the service of the Lord, ready to resist the allure-
ments of home, the entreaties of friends, the tears of parents,
the embraces of brothers and sisters, and tear themselves
frOm all that makes England next to a Paradise upon earth,
to go into the depths of.pagan barbarism, enduring perils by
land and perils by sea, hunger and thirst and nakedness, i
so be they may testify among the Gnatiles " the unsearch-
able riches of Christ." (Great applause.) Sir, let us en-
courage them who do go with an anxiety to go, and bring
before them all the .arrimating hopes and promises of the
Gospel—above all the assurance that wheresoever the Gospel
is preached in its purity, there the thorn is changed for the
fig tree, and the thistle is transferred into a myrtle tree.
(Renewed cheers.) Yes, sir, as it has been beautifully
written, and frequently quoted, respecting the effects pro-
duced upon savage Greenlanders by the pure Gospel as
preached by our Moravian brethren—

The wretch who once sang wildly, danced and laughed,
And sucked in dizzy madness with his draught,
has wept a silent flood ; reversed his ways,
Is sober, meek, benevolent, and prays ;
Feeds sparingly, communicates his store,
Abhors the craft he gloried in before—
And he who stole has learned to steal no more."
The reverend gentleman then resumed his seat, amidst ap
plause which made the Amphitheatre ring.

SOCIETY FOR PROPAGATING THR GOSPEL.—The annual
meeting of this society was held on Friday, in St. Paul's
Cathedral. The Bishop of Norwich was invited to preach
the sermon. His lordship dwelt at some length on the ex-
cellency of au established church, and its superiority to one
left to the caprice of time and circumstances, and exposed to
all kinds of danger. At the present moment we had a go-
vernment of which any country might be proud ; and we had
a church in which any christian might rejoice. But we
should not rest on this our fancied security. The church laid
claim to an apostolic character. He was aware that the term
"apostolic" might be made to bear different interpretations.
By one party, of whose devotion and learning he would wish
to speak in the most respectful terms, it was contended that
in de church there was an unbroken, undeviating line of
succession from the apostles themselves, assuming for the
clergy of the church of England a position over all other
sects and denominations by right, and giving to the priest.
hood something approaching to a miraculous power. Such
claims were untenable and dangerous. The more closely this
doctrine was examined the weaker it appeared—in many parts
its links were held together only by a single thread. If we
looked into ecclesiastical history we should find that many
on whom this succession depends were monsters of iniquity,
unrivalled in profligacy and vice. The church of Zugland
was a truly apostolic church, not on account of the succes-
sion alluded to, but because it was founded on those great
truths which the Saviour and His Apostles taught. The
missionaries of this society are, it appears, principally em-
ployed in the four great divisions of our colonial empire. 1.
British North America. 2. West Indies. 3. India. 4.
Australia. At the present time there are in the United
States 19 bishops, with upwards of 1,000 clergymen. The
Bishop of Nova Scotia reports that within the last fifteen
years he has consecrated 119 churches; and that within his
memory the clergy in that part of his diocese, which com-
prises Nova Scotia, Prince Edward's Island, and Cape
Breton, have increased from sto 50. The whole number of
clergy employed in these provinces is 227, and since the
creation of the two new sees in 1839, 41 clergymen have been
added to the society's list of missionaries in the diocese of
Toronto, while in that of Newfoundland their number has
been raised from 10 to 25. In the West Indies the society
contributes to the support of 40 clergymen, besides teachers
and catechists. In India the society has 47 missionaries. It
has established a college at Calcutta, for the education of a
native clergy, and grammar-schools at Madras for the in-
struction of the middle and lower classes. Four thousand
young persons have beets confirmed by Dr. Wilson, Bishop
of Calcutta, since his arrival in India. In Australia and
Van Diemen's Land 50 missionaries are labouring in their
respective spheres of duty. The expenditure on the general
account of the last year was £75,151. The income on the
same account was--From the Queen's letter £35,315 ; from
all other sources; £35,776; total, £71,091.
The bill before Parliament. having at last passed which
authorises the Brighton Railway Company to reduce the
number of its directors and make sundry other changes in
the concern, it is to be hoped that some permanent arrange-
ments will then be determined for the working of this line.
Of late the public have been greatly inconvenienced by the
frequent alterations of time and fares, and we are sure the
proprietors cannot benefit by it. Indeed we hear three or
four new coaches have just started on the road in consequence
by the inhabitants of Brighton. This speaks volumes as to
the present (mis) direction of the Railway.

HEARTLESS RonnellY.—lnformation was on Saturday
given of a most cruel robbery committed upon Mr. S. Foster,
a gentleman residing in Soley-terrace, Clerkenwell. Mr.
Foster at the time of the dispute between our Government
and the Chinese, relative to the opium traffic, had a son re-
siding at Singapore. When hostilities commenced the latter
unfortunate gentleman with 15 others were taken prisoners,
and Mr. Foster, jun., from the treatment he received died.
The sad tidings of his end were harrowing enough to the fee-
lings of his parents and others to whom he was most dear,
who naturally with eargerness sought for every information
tending to throw light upon the mystery attending the death
of their relative, and nothing seemed altogether satisfactory
to them until Sunday week last, when a wan dressed as a
sailor called upon Mr. Foster, to whom he handed some let•
ters which had been writip by the father and received by
the son. A father can only conceive the feelings of Mr.
Foster on receiving these documents : he welcomed the stran-
ger, telling him his home was there as long as he pleased, and
then anxiously enquired after his lost son. In tears the vis-
itor gave an account of the demise of the young man, declar-
ing that he watched over him by day and by night until his
sufferings terminated, and thus obtained tne papers he pro-
duced and much valuable property, which, however, was then
on bbard of a vessel which he had come home in, which was
then in the river on its way to London from Liverpool,
where part of the,cargo was discharged. All this appeared
feasible, and every luxury that could be obtained was lavishly
bestowed upon him. The sequel, however, will prove the
villany of the ruffian. In the dead of the fifth night he got
up and broke open every drawer and desk in the room in
which he had slept, and then descended to the drawing-room
and parlour, whore he laid his hand upon every portable arti,
cla, with which he escaped from the house. Hl.; name i 4
stated to ba Ho_hpri Al4rbry I tie “I'Abogt 12, is 5 Not 9inchex .
doph (400:1p1041011, with h!oatt whiihsq:o tnaetias
the eitht! 4 PlllOO b! flffrFfifilfif I 4 OPHAlleflfrigrl!

CORRESPONDENCE.

PUNCTUATION IN THE PRAYER BOOK.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD.

Sut,—ln one of your past numbers, (March 28,) which
has just reached rue through a friend, I find some remarks
made at a meeting of the Prayer Book and Homily Society,
in Liverpool, by a reverend clergyman of cons:derable weight
and eminence.

As it is a subject to which I have paid attention, and have
some facts to communicate on it, youlwill oblige my by giving
them a place in your respectable journal.
As a principle, it surely must be objectionable to introduce
or remove any stops which have received the sanction of
authority. If this be allowed as a practice, in the private
jugdment of those who superintend the press, who can say
to what extent it might be adopted ?
All alterations of this kind ought to be watched with jea-
lousy, and not to be allowed on any account whatever, except
ordered by convocation. The insertion of a comma after the
personal pronoun before " being" is not found in any of the
old copies—and as it is unnecessary, to say the least of it,
ought not to have been introduced.

I agree with this gentleman in his remark, that the words
" We beseech thee, that he being delivered from thy wrath"
are clearly a petition.
But it is equally clear with this punctuation. that the ex-
pression in the office of private baptism, " Give thy Holy
Spirit to this infant, that he, being horn again," &c., is
equally petitionary. Will the present advocates for baptismal
regeneration, in the sense in which they use the term, admit
it to be a petition? Clearly not. And, therefore, for one,
I should pray for the restoration of the original pointing.
On the second point, the removal of the comma after
" Grace" has no sanction from authority.
If my information, received from a source on which I can

rely, be correct, the stop is found in the copy (of that part
of the catechism added in the beginning of the reign of
James the Second) inserted in Rymer's Fmdera. It is also
found in an old prayer (book ?) now in my possession, of
1639, and every old copy that I have consulted.
I am aware that the participle is given or rendered in
the Latin prayer book by a feminine adjective ; but this
Latin copy of the prayer book is not the original of this an-
swer in the catechism, as it was not first written in that lan-
guage, and there translated by Bishop Overall.
There is not, if I am correctly informed, any authorised
Latin copy of our prayer 000 k : one was ordered by convo-
cation, but it was never finished, and consequently did not
receive the sanction of that body. Hence, an appeal to that
Latin translation which is now printed cannot be of any
final weight in determining the question.
Archbishop Wake. in his paraphrase of the catechism,
placed an "and" between the two participle•, iveu and or-
dained. I mean an outward and visible sign of an inward
and spiritual grace, given unto us, and
.ordained by Christ
himself. This would appear to give his !gay's of the subject,
and he is no mean authority in determining such a point.
Next, no old definitions read it thus.

All end with grace, or anequiralentexpression

A visible sign of invisible grace. signum saerte
rei latentis—or, Sign= sensibile rei sacrte latentis. With
this definition Dean Nowel's catechism agrees, and our ca-
techism is said to be a compendium of his.

Would •not the present punctuation support the notion
that sacraments and grace are synonomous?
But the authority of one, who had more weight with our
reformers, according to Dean Milner, than any other, main-
tains the dogma. that Sacramente communia, gratis non
communis. -And Bishop Andrews, cautious as he is in such
matters, asserts that it is in our being duly prepared that the
sacraments become efficient—" Without the Holy Ghost
received, nothing will do us good—receive baptism and it
becomes John's baptism—Egenum elementum—a barren
element. I would say let the old punctuation be restored
against the world.

With much respect, I am, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
JAMES HEA.RN.

Hatford Rectory, Berks, May, 1543

MR. COBDEN'S CORN POLITICS.

TO THE EDITOR OF TILE MORNING HERALD

Sir,---This gentleman's doctrine is " take care of your im-
ports, and your exports will take care of themselves ;" or, in
other words, open your markets, without restriction, to foreign
productions ; purchase them in preferbnce to home produce
whenever you can do so at lower prices, and pay for them as
you may be able, in goods, if sellers will take them, or if they
will not, in money, whilst you have it, without regard to their
measures, to consequences, or the results of past experience
in the importation of foreign corn. He tells the farmers that
in favourable seasons they produce corn enough to supply the
home market—that were they to produce more they would
have to export it to Holland or elsewhere, and sell it for still
lower prices than those they received here ; yet he proposes
as a remedy to permit the importation of foreign corn, duty
free, when it is not required, or in other words, to add fuel to
the fire, that he says consumes them ; that their landlords are
the only parties that reap benefit from their present labours,
and that their (the farmers') interests would be best promoted
by the manufacturers and others being supplied with cor❑ at
the lowest prices, with out regard to their being remunerating
or otherwise to the home growers, who are, he says, oppressed
without relief, whilst the consumers thus having abundance
of cheap bread, low wages would be sufficient to support them,
cheap goods will he the 'consequence, the demand for these
would increase, when profit would accumulate in the pockets
of their employers, whilst the oppressed farmers would not,
or could not, suffer increased injury ; such as might follow
would fall upon their landlords, for the tenantry must live,
and when they cannot longer pay rent their landlords must
go without it. Such a state of things he calls prosperity
Unfortunately the farmers listen to such wild declamation ;
they think their present state, from the low prices they receive
for their produce, unsatisfactory ; some of them are even in-
duced to think it cannot well be worse, and are even disposed
to become passive instruments in the hands of those who
would consummate their destruction. My object, therefore,
is to prove the fallacy of such doctrines, and to satisfy the
minds of reasonable men, that were the measures promulga-
ted by Mr. Cobden and his colleagues to be adopted, they
would not only be inconsistent with the safety and well-being
of the country, but most injurious in their consequences,
from which those whose interests it is professed to protect
would, in all probability, be the first to suffer.

Such, then are Mr. Cobden's dogmas. I will now'consi-
der what are the facts of the case, and what the results to be
expected, were•his opinion to be acted upon. To withdraw
protection from the cultivation of the soil would.place our
farmers in competition with the foreign corn-growers for the
supply of the home market on equal term., for the ratio of
freight and charges from the shipping ports.on the coast, to
London, Liverpool, and Wakefield, the three greatest mar-
kets in England, are fully equal to those from Hamburgh
and others on the opposite coast, exceeded only in a small
degree by those from the Baltic, and not materially so from
those American ports that lie on the Atlantic. It is well
known that in those corn-producing countries the proprietor
of the soil is also the farmer ; for they have no middle class,
such as our farmers; they feed their people with black rye
bread, who seldom partake of animal food ; they clothe them
scantily with the coarsest fabrics ; their labourers rarely know
or seldom consume any of the foreign productions that form
the luxuries of life ; the lowest rates of wages remunerate
their labours ; they live in ignorance, and know no better ;
yet this is the state in which Mr. Cobden and his supporters
would place our agricultural peasantry, when once reduced
by their projects to the level of competition with men so cir-
cumstanced.

When the landlords can no longer receive their rents, it
follows they must themselves become farmers. It happens
that I do know several residing on their estates, who from
choice at present cultivate 2,000 acres of arable land and up-
wards with advantage. If the wretched system and state of
the agricultural labourers on the Continent, particularly in
the north, removed but a short degree in slavery and barbar-
ism, were to be from necessity adopted here, that invaluable
class of men, the farmers and their labourers of the United
Kingdom, could no longer maintain their position in society,
but be degraded to gratify the master manufacturers, such as
Mr. Cobden is, who hope, bnt I trust vainly hope, they will
then continue to have very cheap food from foreign sources,
or with their aid to cause great depression Oa' production here,
low wages and consumption for all the goods they can pro-
duce with ample profits for themselves.

I hold it to be impossible for our farmers, or even their
landlords, if forced to become such, to continue to live as
heretofore in society, to possess the ordinary comforts of life,
and to bear their share of public burdens, if they are to be
placed in a state of equal competition with the corn-growers
of the Continent, either in this market or elsewhere ; 255. to
30s. per quarter for good wheat are full and remunerating
prices in all their shipping ports, and if even tile state Of out
markets would not afford thorn above 20s. to 255., andin that
proportion for other grain, they must still send their surpluses
here because they have no other market to depend upon or
resort to that will afford even these prices in ordinary times.
I ask Mr. Cobden and his disciples, do they believe that it is
possible for wheat to be produced here and sold at such rates,
sons to indemnify the growers, let them be whom they may?
Within the last twenty years I have known wheats, equal in
quality to those of Norfolk, shipped from the ports of Po-
merania for 15s. per quarter, after producti' crops with
accumulated stocks, without diminishing cultic talon, having
no other means for employing their agricultural population,
whom the owners of the soil must necessarily support.
If the farmers and landlords of the United kingdom are
alive to their own interests—if they are determined not to
cross their arms and shut their eyes against the necessity for
protecting themselves by every means in their power—they
will not only support the present corn laws, but they will
make great efforts to improve cultivation, particularly by
promoting furrow drainage, the use of the subsoil plough,
and the preparation of suitable manures, calculated to in-
crease the productive powers of their various soils; they will
thus best promote production, improve the quality of the
grain, and with drier surfaces on their lands benefit the
climate, and give more certainty to the harvests. Such
measures when rigorous! g acted upon, will also, in pro-
portion to increased production, diminish the expense of
cultivation, enable them to afford their crops at comparatively
moderate prices, and at the same time support, if not in-
crease, the comforts of mon farmers and landlords, provided
Mr. Cobden's schemes are extinguished.
I now turn to the manufacturers with their and other la-
bourers, who have been led to believe that their interests
would be promoted by the repeal of our corn laws ; they are
invited to. think of themselves, only, to forget the golden
rule of " live and let live; " they are told that, when sup-
plied with bread and meat by the free importation of foreign
at lower rates than they can be afforded for by the home pro-
duce, beneficial employment with increased comforts will be
secured to them. I must, therefore, advert to the conse-
quences that I believe would be produced by such a system !
and, first, as regards the home market for their goods, I
think it will be admitted by Mr. Cobden, and those who act
with them, that in ordinary times the home is the safest, the
most certain market that is in their possession. In the ag-
gregate they possess the entire consumption of 27,000,000
persons, which, independent of, or including that of our
colonies and foreign possessions, much exceeds the whole
of our export trade, whilst the exporters of goods are al-
most wholly dependent on the United Kingdom for the
sale and consumption of the foreign productions which
they must necessarily receive in payment for their. ex-
ports ; thus each of these two great classes into whichthe
community is divided are dependent on the other, and:
in point of numbers I think they must be nearly equal
classing those who live by agriculture, or who are connected
with and dependent upon them for employment, on the one
part, and those who live in cities and towns, with all who are
employed in manufacture, or connected with them as arti-
sans or tradesmen, and therefore dependent upon them, on
the other part.
I think I have shown that the well-being of the agricul-
tural community, of which the landed interest forms so pro-
minent a part, must depend, necessarily, on the continuance
of protection against the foreign corn growers ; it is also to
be considered that this .body are the best customers, and form
a most important portion of those who consume the manu-
factures of the country and of foreign imports—that in pro-
portion as their means are reduced by the reduction of the
prices they receive for the produce of their lands and labour,
in a still greater degree must their means for purchasing both
be diminished, and at last exhausted. Let Mr. Cobden and
the other mannfacturers as a body "look well to these facts;
and weigh the consequences to themselves arid to the general
community.

But I will suppose,
for the sake of argument, the trade in
corn to be free ; that with large foreign supplies, added to
those of borne growth, low prices prevail for ono, two, or
even three years. In consequence of the exertions of our
fawners Pa;',AlYsecl, their spirits tlrpressod by s''s-*lg the ft).;
0
reifn grawors, with whom they optilFl flat compop, FrurPrrv"
t4'041,401f ovr tiWir ploaps 0 dsfl*: tho 0140 iroco of !werve'
to,eo Of44lo9fl!tilto itg(pcps4o 044:0140.14th F4,"l"l.rtliiPlyi

what remained badly paid—the consequence of such a state
of things must be the abandonment of the cultivation of poor
lands, pithprobably the second descripion of soils, which,
without the advantages of the usual rotation of crops, would
soon cease to be of value for pasture.

,000,000 Earley and rye
In round numbers about -30,000,000 quarters of corn are
}•ears of seurcity, for the last
;1•81own ob ervations and ex-
required for the anuual consumption of the ULited Kb,g-
dom, a which fully 20,000,000 are wheat, about a simile;
OgrOtr:e),f,t(rtlOoe
greatest
o3mre
nerience, when supplies were drawn from every quarter, and
very high prices paid for them, we have never been able to
non eat the :
obtain them in quantity equal in the aggregate of all hinds to
s(blie'x'satiynd,teisltp'vuoeilaisttesu:reSOit(
one-tenth part of our usual consumption, whilst the actual
deficiency probably amounted to fully one-fourth, when the
difference was necessarily met by greatly increased economy
in the consumption, the unavoidable consequence of very-

high prices
Should the trade in corn become free, I am or ,
that in three years from its being so. the home culti
will be diminished in ordinary seasons not less than on_
part, and the produce fall away to the extent of 10,00:
quarters annually, without the prospect of receiving sul
from other countries to that extent, taking it for gr.
that we had the means of paying for them, which 1 bt
we do not possess. I ask, what then would be the str
our people, particularly the improvident manufacturers,
generally spend their wages as fast as they earn them, am
labourers generally, when placed for bread at the tnerm
the foreign growers, who must be expected to avail the
selves of their necessities to increase in their demands
high prices, whilst our means to meet them would be re!
larly becoming more deficient?
It is a favourite doctrine, as I have already said, with
opponents of the corn-laws, that we ought to admit fore
corn indiscriminately, free of duty, whether wanted or r
and to rest on their assurances that the payment would
taken in our manufactures ; this is the basis of all the
positions, although all past experience has shown a contrary
result, whilst the knowledge of the fact, were it to exist, that
we were becoming dependent on other countries for the sup-
ply of a considerable portion of our food, would confirm their
belief that we must look to them for these supplies, that not
being in a state to do without them we must pay for them
with cash whilst we had it, and that in place of their taking
our manufactures in payment they would find it for their in-
terest to retain their prohibitory tariffs, and to apply that
money, as they have hitherto done, in the advancement cf
their own works, as the best means of affording benefich I
employment to the surpluses of their rapidly increasing po-
pulation, for which they possess no outward vents, whilst
the risk of high prices to be caused by our want of supplies
might cause these governments, in order to preserve mode-
rate rates for the supply of their own' people, to prohibit ex•
thoseporta toi opnp
oasnedd ttloiutsh
edisappoint s t, hwe h
ihl
so.
tp
thees and
f.al l
idependenoffce
lee i
if.
rrinp
home market, without
ould
wincrease,but perhaps reduction in
their export trade,
diminish their means and increase
their difficulties in no ordinary degree. nary
Mr. Cobden and his :friends may plausibly talk of ragingencou-
our import trade and the leaving e •
exports to take care
ground of themselves, on the
that the first must terminate
when our means are exhausted to pay for the last, but corn
and other necessary food are exceptions•
rule, for these are neceitaries of
life;ifandto every general
we once place
ourselves in a state of dependence on orei,
as the uncertain means for being able to pay supply, as well
for it, it will
not avail us to say we have goods if they will take
take them, but
which they do not want,—when our moneyl
what can be es pected to follow, but
the mos; is
exhausted,
quences—the consumption of everything even
nerious copse-
use greatly reduced, the revenue unavoidably diminishing;
and, comini°,ll,..
and, to support it, increased income tax required,usyniitt'hisrib.:l" '
niched means and numbers to pay it! - -lin-
Let not the farmers be deluded by Mr. Cobden's rs
that reduction in the prices for their produce must.b.snran'e
be their landlords in the reduction or extinction be
fbtoirnie
rents; last years prices were remunerating, but they have
since, after a favourable harvest, fallen from ;is,. to"":7 ""
3°s. to
4t.is. to 475. for wheat, a fall of nearly one-fourth
more in proportion for other grain. The rent of the and
still
poorer
lands in England is considered to be about one-fifth
the gross produce, and of the better descriptions about one_
,of
fourth; this proportion is already lost by the reduction". -
• , but the landlord neither can or will consent l4
price, t to be the
only sufferer; the tenant must bear hts share, the tradestn,n
they both employ mast participate,—and, if it at last C
comes necessary, the landlord must become the cultivator e
of
-
116 own soil. What then will be left for the displaced fa'
mers and their families but to become labourers, or emigrate
to other quarters, with their reduced means, and the wor,,i
before them to begin de novo, without youth or vigour to
enable them to struggle with its difficulties.
Mr. Cobden reproaches our government with holding out
alternate expectations of changes to prices to both farmers
and consumers, which had not been realised ; such opinions
must necessarily be contingent and dependent on the seasons
being good or bad, therefore beyond the reach of human
means.
The great object of our corn laws, next to securing
of thepeople, is
supplies for the wants s steadiness
in • s and their result has been to preserve a greater
equality , . er
than have been found in countries
equality of prices where
such laws were not in force.
That gentleman also taunts the supporters of the corn
laws with the fact that the greater proportion of the peopi:,
partially in the
in both Scotland and Ireland, also north of
andpotatoes. live chiefly on oatmeal I ask him
England,
,robust, laborious, or
where he can find a more
working race of men than the peasantry of Scotland, or more
lar than those of Ireland, whose misfortune
bony and muscu Compare them with t
towant employment? he habits
iotfitsheir fellows in England, who consudin, e wheat bread, and
I ask where the advantage will be foun
du
We have middlemen who advocate afixed ty, at various
the graduated scale The comparison
rates, in preference to
fixed duty to be useful todence of facts; a
rests on the evidence
t be high to exclude foreign growth s
our home growers must
datl supplied froM -- '-
when our markets are abundantly _
~,. _ . our home
ar d ti
e unt, ad ric in cone
growths ; but when
the-
duty cannot beemaintainnped ,esb - ecauses it
quence very high,
f the consumers, whilst the sliding
would add to the distress 0 .
~ _ e
the advance
of supplY 1
is ID iown b. advance of
scale, as the want
of
duty until it altogether ceases;
the rate
prices, reducesprices fall, affording evidence
and on the other hand, as
the duty of
our borne growths. increases
abundant supply from
tectioo and
encouragement of
to the exclusion of for the pro
our home growers.m obedient servant
I a, Sir, your ,
JOHN GLA.DSTONL
,-.
Carhop Gardens, May 18.
_____-........------........-....

THE CHARLEVILLE DEMONSTRATION

present
A i n
r vi last
1131 gui
car
ar-
If the concurrent accounts of the Freeman': jon, 7
Limerick. Reporter, and Nation are to be relied on., ntai"
gathering at Charleville was by far the most formidable -'e
point of numbers, of these dangerous assemblages of tn.,-,;:n
that has yet congregated together at the bidding 06i!,
O'Connell, aided by the Roman Catholic clergy. The t,
draws the
occasion; while the latter bow somewhat present on
lo'
former papers state that 200,000 persons were
and declares that 350,000 was under the mark. Be th;
it was, moreover, presidedth deo,o,l_
asst
ble; chairmanrorators aotftltileieddi dinner—priests,
er,iitis'e-,
a priest's meeting; a priest
aytitohne,r,evccaasnsbueffincoienretalysoinmapbolesindgoutbotabnuswt
ethr,tithethe ',
smtra
adflayaier,xhesihseitniotinallya
prie,,st.ere.
poses of its projectors;
enznceill'ition of . . Roche, one of the l'"'
of the countpeaey
even the middle class of the laity appear to have absented
ofar'fht eiCireo:"riwkrfmth°einhCbers, and a Mr. Clancy, a justice
themselves, for by the list of_
lguests at the dinner, composed
400 persons, the names of e.!sr•etilly,mninm are deemed Woe_
of
thy of the honours of print. M. t., e( ell speaking
cc
his
rophecy of 1543 being the repeal year, says— t
P " 1 thonght I understood the apathy and indifference
retarded the progress of the national
Irishmen
in sup ( :
of self government, and to have for Ireland.l)t
Gentlemen, we are sure of the people—we find then_
1 ever
where gathering 810Und us. _ ery_
A Voice.—And they rind you the same.
4, me. O'Connell.—A second Daniel. (Great lau titer.
From Ulster to Sligo—from Mullingar to Charleville g every
broughout this broad land the yeople are honest
where t , of ' hear, and
sincere (Loud cries hear.) I tell you it is
safe to mock them, or safe to desert them—and I tell Hies;_.l-iot
tars it is rota[ fe to compromise with them, for they will
liberty d nothing else. (Cheers.) The aristoer. ',I
have not, to be sure, joined us, bu_t what care I for them '
I can laugh at them. Some fewilal
have
fthe gentry i
have joined 1
—but, as I said before, we
0. the people. ('Hear,' us
that all? no! we have and
cheerin) But is
and the cler,7 of
the people
—we have the heart. head, and hands,. th,
Power, and intellect, and piety of the land ; and Yet tell ,
I'll not accomplish 3 repeal of the re union. (Cheers.) 1-
ther on he repeats his demand for 3,000,000 Repealerc
Proceeds to state the next step in his plan, which }
somethin of novelty, being another of his ingenious
cessful attempts to drive a coach and six through v
parliament, He is to have ' a conciliation consultatio,_
Dublin. ' You will see the progress of the future earl
inent, and the number of members for the differnt cities
towns, making io all 300, discussed in that assembly.
one can calculate, M the coldness of the present rnotn f
• the enrolment of 3,000,000 Rep:- ' en what
enthusiasm
inlreland• (Hear. create
hear.) I call on the differri, de. '"
and see whether they shall think it worth their while 'tiiitr'ie ,
.-ElOO, in sending to Dublin, in order to consider what co -m-
-then further done in the cause of repeal. (lin
hear.)qin be
Peel and Wellington know that France and America
looking at us—that Europe is watching 0„r moveineilc.tia are
the most intense anxiety, and that England can neveilt; with
se-
sheure until Ireland is contented. Let it be remembeie' be
swas lately forced to concede to Canada, which li. (~
!that
a few years since in a state of actual rebellion, by whicha'l well
lost her charter and rights in appealing
to a foolish iil she
force. Do you think that the men who conceded to paltry
Canada—and I mean the term ' paltry' only as regards her
resources when contrasted with Ireland—will dere refuse
us the right of governing ourselves, and which is now only
delayed by the themselves
apathy existing among Irishmen •
(Hear, hear.) '
So much for the lay speaker—now for the clerical.
The Hey. Mr. Blake, who responded to the toast. of "
people," after declaring that the regeneration f I
could only, be effected by a lf i , o. -re
. rpea o tle ' ahointra '
of union,' thus poeticall •wound his . b
1 tip " pcacefu)
rangue---
.... _

an act of

rs will create

thanhe
ss I
aoxv to•
nbeyosekeen
To rally in—
" For Erin
tnEboo‘r.ffi
on t
stroke,zheieevrie:cogarruaeslee with zeal;
Then onward with the banner of repeal."
(Great cheers.)
But the rev. gentleman's loyal aspirations for cast
the Saxon yoke" were mere " leather and prunella"
pared with the burning zeal of the Rev.is 111.. Col
stalwart parish priest of Mallow, who evident!
claim to the championship of the church mibtant.
Right Rev. Dr. Crotty. Bishop ofiven in or Cloyne a s
nd Ros
Irish Catholic hierarchy," being gder of tt
The Rev. Mr. Collins said, Ireland was not withou
and he was proud to say that the hierarchy of het
amongst her best friends. (Cheers.) They were
knew their rights, and they would reduce theinsolve
the level of the brute creation if they did not st;
their country's cause. Ile w3s a mail of peace b.
and profession but he would lay down his life r
that his country should continue
igh in t
t misehrrateny and
tli
(Tremendous cheers.) They m
long as a remnant of the constitutioners .) reinnim
should their agitation continue.
(Che A
Eastern despotism should be established through
uefore the voice of Ireland would cease
ration of her own parliament.
when they m
belief that Peel and Wellington,
cent declaration of hostility against Ireland, 1,
of a bill actually drawn up for the purpose of
onion. (Laughter and cheers.) They wanted
of state necessity made out to justify them it
of their own follasowers, and h thong'
eisew,.,
ville that day, well the people
out that necessity for them. (Cheers.) Fo
would not look upon the man as an IrislimAr
stand by his country for better or for wors-
In strict justice to Dr. Higgins, tit ii
be observed, that although" the b; •'
present oil the occasion. •
apology for Rhier'
attrer of t k '

imilAr co,
a,ast. •

Arrangir,
14e Cpatla

to cal! f

Cheers

lit the people c

end the

And were
men and

This was t

signs to a: