The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1845-11-18 00:00:00

Salt, 20

reis per I

reis Per lb: Freig
We have also been favoured with the following extract

h ts 70s

from other accounts

" We fear that, notwithstanding the interference of the
English and French, we may remain in this state of sus-
pense for some time yet. It is rumoured Buenos Ayres is
to be blockated. Indeed, it has been intimated, in a pri-
vate, but semi-official manner, to ti.ose who have friends
there, recommending them to secure what property they

can and quit Buenos'Ayres as sown as possible. Colonia
has been taken by a joint force, under the English and
French admirals. It is supposed they now proceed up the
river. Rosas, on his part, has prohibited communication
with the British and French men of war; and, from less
to more, their is no doubt that direct and active hostilities
will ensue speedily on the other side of the Plate as well
as on this_"

The story of Tom Thumb's abduction turns out to have
been a fabrication. He has been exhibiting at Marseilles
and Tolouse.
ALGERIA.—The French under Martial Bugand de-
feated the Arabs on the 2Gth ult., repulsing them with a
loss of 300 men. _ _ .

Letters from Madrid state, that Abd-el-Kader offers a
premium of I,ooof, to every European soldier that chooses
to enter his service, besides rank as an officer.
The Colonial Gazette says that Sir George Gipps,
governor of Australia has been recalled, and that Sir
C. Fitzroy, late governor of the Leeward Islands, is
likely to succeed him.
A Paris paper states that the Emperor Nicholas intends
to abdicate the supreme power, and with this view " left
the reins of government, at his departure for Italy, in the
hands of the presumptive heir to the throne, to initiate
him into the practice of Kovernmeut."
Mr. Southgate, an American missionary, has been
1., Bishop of the American Episcopal Church
_onstantinople. He was many years in Mossul, and
published a work upon the Nestorian Christians. He is
the first Protestant bishop ever appointed in Constanti-

named as t

nople.
AN AMERICAN WELL.—A practical gentleman offers
for 30,000 dollars to sink an Artesian well in Boston to
the depth of 1,700 feet, by which it is estimated that more
than a million of gallons of the very best water can be
thrown into the city every day, and to a height of at least
]OO feet above the surface of the earth. An effort is about
to be made to raise the money by subscription.

A letter from Trebisond, dated October 17, announces
that a new disaster has befallen the Russians in attempt-
ing to throw provisions into a fortress the garrison of
which was suffering from starvation. The convoy, con-
sisting of 1000 mules and horses laden with supplies, was
attacked by the indefatigable Schmail, and would have
been entirely captured but for a sortie of the garrison
He carried off, however, 400 horses with their respective
burdens, and sabred several companies of Russian in-

fantry.
Tug RIVER PLArn —Tho Frgl4.ll govornment- 11
e identiv acting in good earnest, to compel a sett'ement
of the differences between Buenos Ayres and Monte
Video. A large squadron of ves3els of war has been, as
our readers are aware, lying some time in the river Plate ;
and we now learn, by an arrival at Liverpool from Rio
Janeiro, that this squadron is to be assisted by a military
force. The Resistance, troop-ship, had arrived at Rio
on her way to Mcnte Video, with the 45th regiment of
infantry, which she had brought from Gibraltar. The
Cyclops steamer, which was at Rio, was also expected to
take her departure for the Plate. . .

SPAIN.—The Madrid Gazette publishes an official des-
patch of General Roneali, giving an account of an at-
tempted insurrection at Valencia in the evening of the
2d instant. The revolters bad been foiled in their inten-
tion to surprise the guards of the regiments of Girona
and Lusitania ; but three officers and a number of men
of the first of those regiments had been more or less
dangerously wounded. At 11 o'clock p.m., the hour at
which General Roncali concluded his dispatch, the city
bad resumed its habitual tranquility. The General had,
nevertheless, deemed it expedient to declare the city and
province in a state of siege.
The National states, that the Duke of Sault Tavannes,
peer of France, has just put a period to his existence.
One of his friends, upon entering his chamber on the
morning of the 12th instant, discovered him suspended by
the neck ; he immediately cut him down and ran for
medical aid, but the vital spark bad long fled, and the
body was quite cold. This act of despair is attributed to
personal griefs, and a variety of conjectures are afloat as
to the real cause, which we shall at present refrain from
entering into. The Duke of Sault Tavannes was quite a
young man, tall and powerful, and of a most vigorous
constitution.

MExico.—The West Indian steamer Avon arrived at
Southampton on Monday. The news from the West In-
dies is unimportant. Everything was quiet in Mexico
when the Avon left, but matters looked somewhat war-
like. The troops (such as they are) were being drilled
and exercised from daylight until dark, and guns have
been mounted on every available space. The appeara:-.,:_
of the seven American men-of.war at the Sacrificios had,
however, rather dismayed the Mexicans. With the Eng-
glish, French, and Spanish, there are eleven altogether,
and the fleet had somewhat an imposing appearance. The
ex-President General Comalesco and son, with the Minis-
ter of War, Bussandre, took their passages from Vera
Cruz to Havannab, to join Santa Anna. This latter per-
sonage, it appears, is wonderfully getting in tofavour again.
A complete reaction has taken place, and it is the opinion
of many that ere long he will be reinstated with all his
former honours.

--.--......'--

THE GERMAN REFORMATION

One year has elapsed since the letter of Ronge to the
Bishop of Treves commenced the spiritual warfare, at the
head of which Ronge has since maintained his place.
Within that year congregations numbering their hundreds
have been formed throughout the vast extent of Germany,
and beyond its frontiers. Where Papery is most domi-
nant the spirit of resistance to its tyranny has been most
active. In the city of Breslau alone, the number of Re-
formed Roman Catholics has reached 6,000. and through-
out the entire province as many again ; the province of
Breslau being an important and highly esieemed point of
Popish influence. Amongst the latest intelligence re-
ceived is an account of a meeting held at Breslau a few
weeks since by the deputies of the " Christian Catholic"
communities of Silesia, to which no fewer than forty
numerous congregations sent their representatives, and
at which Ronge himself preached. The accounts received
from other parts of Germany are of the same stirring
character, and denote the same existing agitation and ad-
vance. The depths of the thinking mind of Germany
have been stirred, an?. the hearts of its less thoughtful,
but not less feeling poor, disturbed and gained ; for the
members of the several communities are of every class
and rank. The fact has been denied. It has been stated
that the movement from the first confined itself to the
mercantile middle class, and failed to acquire either the
respect of the learned and cultivated, or the sympathy
and regard of the humble and the poor. It is the pitiful
revenge of the foe that circulates the unfounded slander.
And what is it that these united congregations have
accomplished ? What have these scattered and divided,
connected and associated flocks asserted
though intimately'
their common cause to be ? It is answered in a word—
freedom from spiritual bondage. And they have obtained
it. They have torn themselves for ever from the unau-
thorized dominion of an ambitious man ; they have re-
nounced the errors—hardest of all errors to renounce—
sanctioned by the authors of their existence, the parents
of their love, the tender and affectionate teachers of their
early years. They have declared as one man that there
is no scriptural warrant whatsoever for the Popish doc-
trine of Transubstantiation; for auricular confession, abso-
lution, adoration of saints, veneration of relics, pilgrim-
ages, and the like; and they have abjured them all as
tendencies towards evil and not towards good.
The hindrances which retard the final success of the
infant church are not within her own bosom ; they assume
a physical form, and are without. Rome and her bishops

are foes that can be met and overcome; they are already
conquered. The governments of Germany have power to
aid or interrupt the movement—to prevent it, none.
Enactments never suppressed opinion yet ; the stake that
burnt Cranmer could not consume the fixed idea for
which he died. Austria, with her 12,000,000 Catholics,
may oppose with all her sternness the steady coming on
of Reason, and it shall come at length in spite of her.
Bavaria, with her half-civilized half-despot King, the pa-
tron of art, but the oppressor of the immortal mind, in
which all art resides—the cultivator of the Graces, but
the violator of man's most sacred rights—may forbid one
syllable of the " glad tidings" to appear in the books and
journals of the land, but the interdict is powerless before
the doors and at the hearths of an unsatisfied and think-
ing people. Congregations of the German Catholic
church have already established themselves in Bavaria,
and taken firm root in the soil in spite of the frowns of
the builder of the Walhalla. Saxony is a determined, if
a secret, enemy of the pious movement ; and Saxony is to
be pitied rather than heavily censured for the poor part
she acts. With her population of a million and a half,
she numbers but 30,000 who profess allegiance to the
Pope ; yet in that small minority stands the King him-
self. In so very small a family individuals are missed ; a
solitary one can not be spared, and it is worth a struggle
to preserve him. Happily for mankind, no less than for
the German Church, the 19th century may not produce
such instances of persecution as distinguished the darker
era of the Reformation. Fanaticism and intolerance re-
main, it is true, ever the same : but the nod of the Pope
has ceased to be Jove's thunderbolt, and the machinations
of the Jesuits, less terrible in their consequences, meet
with opposition from even Roman Catholic Governments.
Nor is it to be feared that the favour conceded to the
movement by the Powers of northern and Protestant Ger-
many, and the obstruction offared in the south and east,
will involve Europe once more in a bloody, albeit religious,
Prussia is wary and wise, and having much to gain,
ntly bides her time. " The authorities," writes the

of Prussia, addressing his Minister, " are to take no
steps until the King's decision is known," and that deci-
sion must wait a further development of the capabilities
of the movement. Austria may oppose in silence, but
she will not fight. She has too much to fear and to lose
from a profitless crusade. As for France and Belgium,
we apprehend that they will care but little whether their
subjects are " Roman Catholic," or " Apostolic Catho-
lic," provided they remain good citizens, and do not
meddle with the " existing state of things."
It is impossible to ascertain exactly how many seceders
from the Romish Church in Germany have written them-
selves members of the German Apostolic Church. We
believe that the number, if correctly stated, would sur-
prise those who have been taught to regard the schism as
the purposeless and wayward movement of a selfish sprit.
Be this as it may, firm is our conviction that the infant
Church, purified as she is from the corruptions of Popery,
bas grappled so closely with the German mind, and taken
so strong a hold there, that the attempt to cast her forth
again will prove as impotent as fruitless ; and since we
fear nothing from internal dissension, we believe that her
course, though slow, is clear and safe, and prosperous
too, as long as she carries on her front, as now, the signs
of Christian grace—the transparent emblems of Christian
charity and love. _ _

The names of Ronge and Czars
a European fame.
John Ronge was born on the 13th October, 1813. at
Bischofswalde, a village in the circle of Neisse, in Silesia.
He was the third child of his parents, who had twelve
children, two of whom died early. The parents possessed
a small farm, in which the children laboured. From his
Gth until his 12th year, John kept the sheep, whilst his
elder brothers attended to the farm. "My father," says
Ronge, " was grave, fearless, of a sound judgment, and
free frum superstition. He died in March, 1812 ; my
mother lived for her family, and died in October, 1831."
His earliest instruction was received at the village school,
where he was taught to read, write, and cipher, and where
he learnt by heart the Catechism and Biblioul history.
At the instance of one of the teachers, the father of

ski have already acquired

Ronge consented to send his son to the gymnasium at
Neisse, where he remained from the year 1827 until 1836.
German literature and history were his chief delight here.
During the three years that followed, Ronge accomplished
his term of military duty at Breslau, and in December
1839 he entered the priests' seminary. Here he found a
moral stagnation, on the one hand engendering depres-
sion, and on the other, levity, discontent, or indifference.
The fearful system enforced, the silence, idleness of mind,
the continual hourly repetition of the same forms of
prayer, the want of all social communication with those
around him, wrought upon the ardent mind of the student,
and filled him with alarm lest his moral energy might
give way beneath the pernicious influences of idleness and
hypocrisy. In the year 1841 he quitted the seminary to
undertake the office of chaplain in Grottkau, whither he
had been called. It was here that Ronge first began to
preach as a Reformer. His superior at Grottkau, the
vicar-general of the diocese, would have brought the
people back to the darkness of past ages. Ronge resisted
his efforts. At a later period he published an article
against the proceedings of the chapter of the cathedral of

Breslau, whose chaplain he was, and for this act he was
suspended in February 1843. He proceeded shortly af-
terwards to Laurabiitte, where he acted as chaplain, and
as teacher of the school in the iron-foundry, where his
famous letter to the Bishop of Treves was given to the
world.

John Czerski is the son of poor but pious parents. He
was born at Werlubien, a village near Neuenburg. His
career is shortly told. Until his 13th year be attended
the village school, where he learnt Polish and a little ci-
phering. Love of knowledge took him to the grammar
school of Bromberg, which he quitted after a 9 months'
stay for the Royal Gymnasium at Conitz, at which school
he worked his way up to the first class. After continuing
a year and a half in this position, he was received into the
Marien Gymnasium of Posen, which he quitted at the
end of six months with a certificate that obtained for him
admittance into the priests' seminary.
" Here commenced," says Czerski himself, " a period of men-
tut and doubt. t.dica tlic.l, yvaiitrie grcatest zeal

but could not make up my mind with several of the dogmas'

which I compared with the Bible. Thus dropped the scales from
my eyes. I began to suspect that the pure light of the Gospel
had been dimmed and darkened by human additions. Still I
saw not clearly, and doubting led me often into discussions with
my colleagues respecting particular points of faith."
. . .

Upon leaving the seminary Czerski was appointed vicar
in the cathedral of Posen, at which seat of priestly rule he
remained a year and a half.
- - -

" Here my eyes were fully opened. Here I made the same
experiences which Luther himself had undergone in Rome.
I remarked that the bidding of the Lord ' Go ye into all the
world, and preach the gospel to every creature,' and the teach-
ing of St. Paul,' Give attendance to reading, to exhortation, to
doctrine,' were, for the most part, altogether disregarded.
Notwithstanding the great throng of priests, I saw thousands
thirsting for the word of God passing through the world with-
out teaching, with no consolation."
These and similar convictions of the baneful influence
of Rome led to his early and determined renouncement
of her authority :
" I am too much of a Christian to act against my conviction.
I was and am too much penetrated by the pure word of God to
teach false doctrines as scriptural and true ; and even my
enemies will concede that my former life gives warrant for the
assertion. I resigned my office of Roman Catholic priest, and
quitted the banners of a hypocritical hierarchy. I acknowledged
openly and frankly my error and the change in my views; a
change, I trust, founded upon pure belief, upon the word of
God, and not upon the inventions of man."
Is Czerski, is Ronge himself, a Martin Luther I The
question need not be answered, for upon neither will de-
volve the difficult task committed to the hands of the ear-
lier Reformer. The final triumph of the " Second Refor-
mation" is independent now of the exertions of an indi-
vidual. Toe bold energy and enthusiasm of John Ronge,
and the milder but not less earnest spirit of Czerski, have
accomplished their mission. It remains for the multitude
to proceed steadily and faithfully to the home of freedom
and tranquillity that now awaits them.

LAW INTELLIGENCE

CHANCERY COURT.-TUESDAY

PICKFORD V. TRU GRAND JUNCTION RAILWAY

COMPANY

The Lord Chancellor gave judgment to-day in this case, I
which came before his Lordship upon an appeal motion
from the judgment of the Vice-Chancellor of England.
The plaintiffs in the case are the Messrs. Pickford, the
celebrated carriers, and the defendants the directors of
the Grand Junction Railway Company. The plaintiffs
filed their bill, charging the defendants with having made
certain charges for the carrying of goods which were
illegal, and they prayed a declaration of their rights, and
also an injunction to restrain the defendants from making
the charges complained of. Upon the case coming on be-
fore the Vice-Chancellor, he refused to grant the injunc-
tion asked for on the ground of delay, the plaintiffs, hav-
ing allowed a considerable time to elapse between the
filing of the bill and application for the inj,inction. From
that decision the plaintiffs appealdd to the Lord Chancel-
lor. His Lordship, after going shortly into the facts of
the case, stated his opinion to be that the plaintiffs had
failed upon all the points urged by them in support of
their application ; and the appeal must, therefore, be re-
fused, with costs.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER, TUESDAY

JOYCE V. GREEN

Mr. Jarvis, Q.C., moved their Lordships in this case,
which had been prosecuted in the Liverpool Court of Re-
quests, for a rule of prohibition to set aside the proceed-
ings in the case. The defendant was an attorney, and,
having subpoenaed the plaintiff on a trial in which he was
professionally concerned, the plaintiff summoned him for
his expenses, which amounted to a guinea. Now, the
learned counsel contended, that the defendant incurred
no liability in subpoenaing the plaintiff, but the party for
whom he acted did.
Mr. Baron Parke said the attorney might render him-
self liable by promising the witness to see him paid.
Mr. Jarvis said that ought to be stated in the summons,
and nothing of the kind appeared in this case in the sum-
mons. He said, in reply to the Chief Baron, that judg-
ment had been recorded in the case, and the amount
levied for, and contended that the commissioner of the
Court of Requests had no jurisdiction in the case.
The court refused the rule, stating that the objection
ought to have been urged when the proceedings were
pending in the Court of Requests.

THE BAR AND THE PRESS.-At a meeting of Queen's
Counsel, held at the Attorney-Generals, on Wednesday,
it was resolved unanimously that the Oxford and Western
Circuits had been wrong in coming to the resolution re-
specting reporting by counsel.
In the Bail Court. on Wednesday, application was made
(on the ground of certain informalities) for a certiorari
to quash an inquisition, which was held upon the body of
Joseph Ward, who was killed by a collision of an engine
with a truck left on the Birmingham and Gloucester Rail-
way, and the jury found a deodand of £1,500 upc-n tl)e
engine. The court granted the application.