The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-09-26 00:00:00

Square, ready to sympathise in the hatred of the one
against scholarship, and of the other against tithe-
proctors and landio, (ht. There can be no doubt of
the power of our contemporaty,—of his hold upon
public opinion; and there can be as little doubt that
such power is mischievously exercised, when on the
one hand we find it directly, though unintentionally,
prolonging the existence of lawlessness and outrage,
and on the other misleading the executive and the
üblic at ho me by gar bled statements and perverted
facts.

If we look abroad through the world with an ob-
servant eye, it is impossible not to be struck with
the conviction that we are fast hurrying towards
vast and important changes in the relations, exter-
nal as well as internal, of civilised nations. Europe
is at peace, it is true. Her mighty armies no longer
trample her battle-fields. The sword is in its scab-
bard ; and the trumpet's sound, which urged to
conflict, is exchanged for the busy hum of industry,
or the murmur of intellectual strife, from the lips of
men awakening to a sense of their influence in the
new order of things which is approaching. But in
this very pause of national progression—this truce
to international struggle—are to be found the indi-
cations of that change which is now " throwing its
shadow before," and of which, in fancy, we hear
the sound, like the far-off surging of the coming
,empest. It is not in the din and hurry of life that
the mind of man is most active, and most disposed
to investigate its claims to a share in the regulation
of the affairs of the woad; and it is not amid na-
tional conflict—amid " the pride, pomp, and cir-
cumstance of war"—that those internal changes are
wrought, which exercise so important an influence
upon the destinies of nations or of m nkied. In a

state of peace it i, that such changes are silently and
slowly, but surely, brought about ; that the demo-
cratic element works up to the surface of society,
and grows in power until it threatens to overwhelm
all those checks, and to break all those ties, which
for ages have bound THE GIANT to the earth.
The accomplishment of such a consummation,
throughout Europe—the elevation of democracy,
not by violence, as at the close of the last century,
to run riot for awhile, and then to be prostrated for
another generation; but the gradual uprising of a
power, which feels its own strength and acknow-
ledges its own responsibilities—we see at hand. In
the growth of friendly relations between civilised
nations we see it; in the growth of commerce, and
the spreading conviction throughout the world that,
in its civilisation and the industry of its people, is a
country's strength. But is the result of this change
to be, or not, for the permanent good of mankind ?
That question, the solution of which must depend
upon the spirit in which the change is wrought, we
purpose briefly to speculate upon; and in doing so
we shall confine our observations principally to our
own land, although we are satisfied that the indica-
tions are equally and similarly significant.
What then do we witness in the present temper
of the British people ? Everywhere we see the frail
remnants of feudalism crumbling before that awa-
kened power of democracy to which we have re-
ferred. The throne is no longer, as of old, hallowed
and revered per se, although few there can be who
do not love and honour its lovely occupant. Lofty
lineage and ancestral honours are glowing dim in
the splendour of newly-won and inordinate wealth.
The glittering equipage of the merchant rolls side by
side with the cumbrous family coach of the far-de-
scended ; whilst the demesne of the former, increas-
ing field by field and farm by farm, threatens at no
distant date to swallow up the last of those posses-
sions, the gift of monarchy or the reward of con-
quest, which for ages have owned the latter for their
lord. Unportioned talent treads upon the heels of
lethargic aristocracy and self-satisfied wealth ; and
wrestles for the victory in every walk of science and
of power. The bench, the bar, the church, the
senate, the camp, are opened to the intellectual
athlete; and the world's honour waits upon the
steps of the victor. Nor is the struggle confined
within these limits, wide though they are. The eyes
of the middle classes are equally turned towards the
acquisition of station and of rank by the force of
their own unaided energies; and if they do not, as
yet, contemplate the summit of their ambition, at
least they aspire to a large share in the controlling
of those who have reached that eminence, and now
hold in their hands the powers of the constitution.
But amongst the lower classes a somewhat
changed state of things presents itself. Fallen, and
falling lower day by day, in the scale of comfort, the
labourer looks with a jaundiced eye upon the con-
test, of which he feels that the most substantial re-
wards are wrung from his unceasing toil. The de-
cline of the old feudal feeling has done nothing for
him. The admission of new elements into the con-
stitution has only left him more hopelessly at the
foot of that ladder which some have ascended and
others are struggling to ascend. Hence, we see the
working classes are everywhere rushing into com-
binations, into the delusive mazes of Chartism, into
wild and speculative theorism, and, occasionally, even
into violence and insubordination. These classes
are fast becoming ready instruments for the dema-
gogue. They swell the triumphs of the fierce agi-
tator ; and threaten, ultimately, to be arrayed against
property, against order, and against the law.
Now to what does all this tend ? To good or to
evil? Obviously to the latter, unless we can devise
an instrument to control and guide to a right end

these numerous elements of intellectual and physical
power, which are intent upon achieving for them-
selves their several objects, and, we may add, their
irreconcilable objects. And in what direction are
we to seek such an instrument ? We cannot seek
it in an enlargement of the powers of the executive;
for against such a step we must encounter the com-
bined opposition of the entire mass of the nation,—
of the talent, the rank, the wealth, and the physical
force of the people, whom it would tend to thrust
back from the realization of their various and con-
tradictory hopes. And equally vain, ultimately,
would be the attempt to give added power to demo-
cracy ; for, pacify a portion of the struggling masses
as we may, we only widen the gulf which divides
them from the masses below their condition. Be-
tween prope. ty and the depth of poverty and wretch-
edness there can never be permanent peace. Con-
cede all that theorists of the wildest order demand ;
extend the suffrage to the utmost ; give political
power to toil-enslaved and suffering millions ; and
you only hurry forward the conflict between the
possessors of wealth and those who have it not.
It cannot be, therefore, in merely theoretic legis-
lation —in organic changes of the constitution,—
that the remedy for the dangers of our present state
of society lies. We have tried such a remedy
already in the Reform Bill, which has only tended
to push forward the crisis which is approaching.
Still less do we conceive that the remedy is in eco-
nomical legislation,—in the corn-law repeal and other
similar appliances of our modern race of philoso-
phers. The power of capital is large enough already ;
too large for the nation's happiness and permanent
security ; and any measures whose tendency is to
weaken the bonds which still bind a large portion of
our population to their superiors,—any measures
which tend to draft our peaceable agricultural popu-
lation from the healthy and virtuous pursuits of out-

door industry; from the bill and the valley, and the
fresh air of heaven, into the dense atmosphere and
the vicious contact of our manufacturing towns, can
only add to the dangers with which we are already
menaced, and can add little indeed to the comforts
of those who are submitted to ,he change. We can-
not, if it were even desirable, arrest suddenly the
centralization of the masses of our population which
is going on day by day ; but neither can we safely
hurry it forward, by bolstering that commerce which
is its cause.

Here, then, we have the clue to our position. We
must prepare for the accumulation of that demo-
cratic power which threatens, in its present state, to
overwhelm our institutions. We must prepare, for
the increasing masses of our population, a healthy,
a sound, and,—to be these it must be,—a religious
education. The source of danger from the efforts
of the unprincipled agitator, is in the ignorance of
those upon whose passions he works and whose
brute strength he is prepared to direct against the
established form of society. To counteract those
efforts we must EDUCATE. And, noble as is the
voluntary effort now making, and desirable and im-
perative as it is, in the first instance, to address that
effort to remove the mass of ignorance and vice ex-
isting among our manufacturing population, we
mnst neither confine ourselves to voluntary opera-
tions, nor to any particular locality or class. As a
nation we must educate, for the nation's security !
There is ignorance, and crime, and improvidence
amongst our manufacturing poor ; but these are
also to be found elsewhere. They are to be found
amongst those classes which, at no distant date,
must swell the masses in our manufacturing towns ;
and we must educate to provide against the danger
of such classes being thrown, ignorant and desperate,
into a position where the unrestrained indulgence
of the passions is too often the rule and too seldom
the exception.

Whilst we take the opportunity, therefore, to di-
rect the attention of our fellow townsmen to the gru
tifying and laudable effort now making amongst
them to supply to the destitute children of our ma-
nufacturing masses that sound Scriptural education
of which sectarianism would deny them,—of which,
in especial, " liberalism" (which rooks upon the
working of popular feeling and passion in a direction
hostile to the institutions of our country, with the
same malignant joy with which the lost* spirits watch
the errors of mortal men,) would deny them, we
cannot shut our eyes to the imperative duty of the
state itself to step forward and fill up tbe'vast defici-
ency of educational facilities which must still remain.
The next session must witness the passing of an ex-
tensive measure of national education ; and; a Con-
servative ministry, relying upon the gratitilde and
fervent support of an affectionate people, must learn
to despise alike the raring of fanatical and hypocri-
tical declaimers, and of furious republicans, who see
in the ignorance, vice, and poverty of an entire-peo-
ple, the stepping stone to the accomplishment etheir
own " bad ambition."

We understand that an iron steam-ship, of 600 thus
burthen, wilt be launched from the building-yards of
Messrs. Thomas Vernon and Co., Barrack-street, about
twelve o'clock at noon this day.

Tar; FUNDS, SATURDAY EVENING.—The last quota--
tions of the English securities are—Consols 951 to 4 for,
money and the account ; Exchequer-bills, 61s. to 635.
premium, and 635. to 655. premium; India Stock, 267 to,
269 ; and New Three-and-a-half per Cents, 1021 to f.—
The foreign securities were much the same as last quoted,
very few bargains having been entered into during the
hours of business, Spanislr Actives left off 184 to 4 ; the
Three per Cents., 264 to 4 ; Portuguese Converted, 43 to
; Peruvian, 23 to 4 ; Mexican, 34 to 4 ; Dutch Two-and-
a-Half per Cents., 534 to k; Danish, 864 to 874 ; Co-
lombian, 254 to 26k ; Brazilian, 754 to 764; and Belgian,
1044 to 1054.

COLLEGIATE INSTITUTION.—It will be seen from the
advertisement, that Robert Addams, Esq., the eminently
popular lecturer, commences a course upon steam and its
applications. at this institution this evening. The subject
is oue of extreme interest, and as Mr. Addams bas the
most superb collection of working models in the kingdom,
and always keeps them up with the most recent improve-
ments, there can be no doubt, that the man of science as
well as the mere tyro, will find much in these lectures to
elevate the mind, as well as to gratify the senses. The
succeeding lectures upon electricity, illustrated by the
superb apparatus belonging to the institution ; and those
on astronomy, in which Mr. Wallis's magnificent orrery
will be introduced, cannot fail to be highly attractive,
and to give a high tone to the lectures at this popular in-
stitution.

PROTESTANT MEETING. —At the usual weekly meeting
of the Dublin Protestant Operative Association, on Thurs-
day last, the following resolution was unanimously agreed
to :—`' That the treasurer be desired to send over £2O to
Liverpool, in order to procure a great meeting at the
Amphitheatre to further the views of the association, ex-
plain the condition of the Protestants of Ireland of the
working class—their wishes, their principles, and their
grievances, and to petition for a repeal of the emancipation
act, as a preparatory step to such laws as shall convert
Ireland, and can alone promote the happiness of the
empire." We can assure our Protestant Irish brethren,
(notwithstanding the Repealers have been allowed to pass
resolutions in this town advocating a dismemberment of
the empire,) that in no town are their grievances more
deeply sympathised with than in. Liverpool.

charge,

THE Rev. HUGH M'Neree.—We find in the Reeord
of Thursday last a letter from Mr. M`Neile on the sub-
ject of the rumoured refusal by the Bishop of Down to
permit Mr. M`Neile to preach in the church of Holy-
wood. The rev, gentleman says, " Last month, while in
Ireland, I received a letter from Mr. Gordon, a member
(the Chairman, I believe) of the committee of manage-
ment for the building of the new parish church at Holy-
wood, requesting rue to preach a sermon at the opening of
the church on the Sunday next after its consecration,
which, he said, would be the first Sunday in September.
I replied, that I regretted I could not comply with the
request of the committee, as my engagements rendered it
necessary for me to return to England previous to the day
he mentioned. My letter crossed another from him,
telling me that the church could not be ready so soon as
he had said. So the matter ended as far as I know. I
had no communication upon the subject, directly or indi-
rectly, from the Bishop."
GILL STREET MARKET.—The new covered market in
Gili-street, Dansie-street, &c. (a description of which, as
a building, we furnished some weeks ago,) was opened to
the public on Saturday last,—lslington Market, for which
it is substituted, being closed, preparatory to its being
taken down,—and we are glad to say—that notwithstand-
ing an opinion pretty widely entertained, (but in which
we did not concur,) that it would fail to be available, to
the desired extent, for the public convenience--with a
success, so far, that surpasses the expectations of even
the most sanguine of its projectors in the corporate body.
The doors were thrown open at five o'clock ; about six
the farmers and market people began to flock in large
numbers—the building being appropriated, as stated in
the official notice, " for all kinds of provisions, the food
of man, except live stock (save rabbits and pigeons), and
for garden plants, flowers, and roots, growing and garden
seeds and garden stuffs, and for earthen and other ped-
lars' wares." In a short time the whole was neatly dis-
posed for sale, and the attendance became numerous,
though not inconveniently crowded, in the several wide
avenues, and the business became brisk and satisfactory
to all parties, the articles which were offered being at
very moderate prices, though all excellent in quality.
We never, indeed, saw finer piles of vegetables, and the
fruits and flowers were beautiful and aromatic. The
butchers' meat, ham, cheese, butter, &c., were also prime ;
and from the size of the shops, stalls, and standings, and
the large improved bins for potatoes, and iron boxes for
eggs, &c., and the general cleanliness and free admission
of light and air, it was universally acknowledged that the
market excelled in elegance, comfort, and convenience,
St. Martin's, St. James's, or even "the great" St. John's.
By the way, why should not this be analagously called
" St. Silas's ?" The bustle and activity increased as the
day advanced, and so continued until the close, at eleven
at night; and though some allowance must be made for
the attraction which the novelty held forth to the curious,
we may assume that this new mart is a decided hit, and
will prove a great and permanent benefit to the surround-
ing district. Amongst the visiters were several members
of the market committee, who had been in daily attendance
during the week, and under whom Mr. Luya, the active
superintendent of St. James's market, (Mr. Stonehouse
having but just been appointed,) conducted the opening
arrangements in a manner which effectually prevented all
difficulty or confusion. All the shops and standings were
takers with the exception of a very few, which are proba-
bly by this time let. Those who had stood in Islington
Market for years had, of course, the preference. The
fish-stands were also taken. The vacant but enclosed
ground at the north end of the building was, as antici-
pated, found to be very convenient for carts with the
bulkier kinds of farm and garden produce; and the cellars
(under the whole of the shops on each side) are well
adapted for the preservation of provisions, &e. The
market has already succeeded so far that it is probable it
will ere long require to be enlarged to the northward ; and
the only regret is that the corporation did not purchase
the whole of the land and houses running into Pembroke-
place, and erect a handsome main front, a priori, in that
street, which they will perhaps find necessary in a very
few years.

THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD

THE LATE DISTURBANCE AT THE
AMPHITHEATRE.

Yesterday, Jeremiah Smith, the young man who had
been so severely struck in the pit (or circle) of the Am-
phitheatre on the night of the repeal demonstration, that
his life was for some time in danger, had so far recovered
that he appeared before Mr. Rushton, with his witnesses,
to charge Bartholomew Kelly (who had been liberated
on bail), with the assault. The prisoner, who appeared
at the bar in a white fustian dress and a black necker-
chief, is a stout young man. The complainant is of slen-
der make, had his head wrapped up, and appeared to be
yet very feeble from the effects of the blows he had re-
ceived. The prisoner was defended by Mr. Davenport.
Richard Jones, a young man, being sworn, said :
I am a tin-plate worker, in Thornton-street. I was at
the Amphitheatre on the night of the free demonstration,
and saw complainant (Smith) struck by the prisoner on
the head with a large stick. He fell from the blows, and
the prisoner afterwards kicked him on the body when he
was down. I was in the pit and about three yards from
him at the time. There was a great fight, and sticks
and life preservers were flying about their heads.
Cross-examined.—l merely went to listen to the
speakers. There was no discussion. Mr. Daniel O'Con-
nell, jun., had just made a speech, and I believe some
resolutions were passed. (A paper was shown to the
witness. It was not read, but was an intended resolu
tion to the effect :—" That considering the agitation of
the repeal question, after her gracious Majesty's late
speech from the throne, to be disloyal, no chairman
should be elected for such purpose.") I do not know
whose handwriting this is, and know nothing of it. It
was a repeal meeting, and I am not a friend to repeal.
I did not take any weapon with me for protection, and I
went by myself. The pit was moderately crowded, and
I was about three yards from the complainant. The
prisoner wore a blue slop, a Scotch cap, and a white
moleskin waistcoat. I stood at the door inside when
the officer took him away, and saw hint in custody, but
did not see him taken up. This was a few minutes after
the assault, and there was a good deal of confusion at
the time. I did not see any one dressed like him. I
knew Swift, and had spoken to him before, but not that
night until I saw him struck. I had then been there
about two hours. I did not go to disturb the' meeting.
To questions by Mr. Rushton, witness said Swift made
no noise, or game any interruption. There was a counter-
resolution from the.stager and some persons raised their
hands for it.

Edward Hitchcock said, --I work in a warehouse.. I
was at the meeting on the night of the 12th September.
I saw the prisoner strike the complainant twice on the
head with a stick, and he fell, and the prisoner kicked
him on the shoulder When he was, down. He fell insen-
sible and a crowd got round him. (A thick handle ()fan
axe was here produced) That was the weapon. Fri.•
soner put it under his Abp. He passed me, and I felt
the stick under his dress, and called' the police.
Cross-examined.—l went soon after six o'clock. The
meeting was quiet for a'dout an hour. Two resolutions
had been passed before. (The paper was. shown.) Ido
not know the handwriting. I know Swift and Jones,
but had not seen them for a day or two before. It was
a repeal meeting. I went to hear the speeches. Swift
and .Tones were together in the middle of the ring. I
can't-swear whether blows 'Were struck previous to the
assault. I saw another man in a blue slop,-but he had a
straw hat' and a black handkerchief. The place was for
sometime in a continual uproxr. I gave the prisoner in

Thomas Blackwood Hannah Fai€l,—l am a shipwright,
and was at the repeal meeting.—To Mr. -Rushtbn, Some
persons'proposed a resolution against repeal, and a row
commenced, in consequence, I suppose. A fight began,
and sticksvrereflying about in all directions. Isaw the
prisonerstriking two persons who were on the ground.
I ran on.and made towards the stage. I called the po-
lice and they came. Swift was struck by the prisoner,
and severely injured. I had to carry him to three shops
before he vra assisted. Two apotheearies refused: to
have anything to do with him. Iw= about three yards
off from him when he was struck.

Cross-examined.—l am a shipwright; and an Orange-
man. I went there about 7,—not to make a disturbance.
I had no weapon with me. There was a counter-reso-
lution, but I could not hear the words. An individual
got up and proposed something. I can't tell who he-
was as I never saw him before. (The paper was shewn,
but witness said he did not know the writing.) Two or
three speeches-were made without interruption. I went
alone. I have- seen Swift and Jones, but don't know
them. There were-many people in the pits There was
a circle of police-officers made after I picked him up,
but none were there before the row. Other-parties were
also struck, and I 'savr many blows given. Five persons
were striking Swift at one time, and the prisoner was one
of them. I saw another man in a blue slop. —By Mr.
,Rushton. There was no interruption to the meeting but
:the counter-resolutionf and occasionally some-hisses and
groans. _ _ .

- Thomas Jones, a. marble-mason, said,—r can't tell
what caused the row, which commenced on the stage.
The prisoner struck-me twice with the stick produced.

CrossNexamined.—About eight the row began. I was
dragged by the neck and kicked. lam sure the prisoner
is the man. _ _

Swift, the complainant, being called, was allowed to
give his evidence sitting. He merely said that be was
in the pit when the row began ; that he gave no inter-
ruption to the proceedings ; and when knocked down
became insensible.

The surgeon who had attended him said, that two
severe blows had been inflicted on the side of the. head,
and a severe one on the jaw. There were aleo contu-
sions-on his body..

Police-officer No. 30' said, he arrested the prisoner.
Hitchcock called for air officer. Witness asked him what
he had got under his slop, and he said, " Nothing." He,
however, found the stick upon him under his slop. There
was no blood upon it.. Witness arrested him on the stage.
Hitchcock had not hold of him, and did not touch him
in his presence so as to feel the bludgeon.
Hitchcock was recalled by Mr. Rushton, and ex-
plained that he felt the bludgeon before the officer
came up.
Mr. Davenport then entered upon the defence, and
called

John Makin, who said,—l was at the theatre, and
went there about half-past six. The house continued
quiet about an hour, and then there was confusion. A
man in white trousers• got on the stage to propose a
counter resolution. They wanted to thrust him off, and
others cried, " Let him speak, he's a Repealer." Others
said that he was not, and he turned out to be a counterfeit.
There was clapping of hands and other noises from those
in his favour. He was expelled from the stage. The
crowd came like a wave,au the pit ; both parties began
striking each other. saw two men lying, and others
hiking them.
There were other witnesses to the same effect, and
one who spoke to others being in the house,in blue slops.

Mr. Rushton said he would take the last fact into the
depositions in behalf of the prisoner.

Mr. Rushton then said that he had no doubt but the
last witness's statement was the true version. It was
wrong in parties, opposed to the object of the meeting to
go there, and they had brought about all the disturbance.

The police ought instantly to have been sent for when
it began, and they would have given the protection re-
quired, as from what had previously been heard, a num-
ber of them were posted in the neighbourhood. But the
prisoner, instead of being one to calt them, laid about
him with a heavy stick, and severely injured the com-
plainant, who it did not appear was an aggressor. It
was necessary to quell the disturbance, but not in that
way ; and the prisoner must, therefore, be committed
for trial at the sessions for the aggravated assault.—He
afterwards intimated that he might be liberated on hail
—himself in £lOO, and two sureties in £4O each. The
prisoner, we are since informed, found bail.

The repeaters did not need Mr. Conner's resolution :
the work goes bravely on without it. A Roscommon
landlord has been shot, and many others w!ll probably be
shot too, before " the war" is over. Indeed in the asso-
ciation on Thursday a certain Mr. Smith, law agent to
the Dublin corporation, got a pretty plain hint to prepare
his coffin. They are fine times and comfortable pros-
pects. ' • -

PROTESTANTISM AND THE PRESS.—In rendering aid
to prevent so foul a stain being cast upon the Protestant
character of the country, as would be imposed by a back-
sliding from the great principles of the Reformation, and
a relapse into those dangerous errors from which it was
so happily calculated to redeem the world, great praise is
due to the Protestant press of the United Kingdom, more
especially to the London Standard, and Morning Herald,
and scarcely less to the Manchester Courier and the Li-
verpool Standard, (the Liverpool Mail, we regret to say,
is an unenviable exception) and we rejoice that so power-
ful an engine as this distinguished portion of the public
press has on all great questions proved itself to be, is thus
so nobly engaged in so sacred a cause. The Liverpool
Standard of Tuesday last allows the important subject to
take the precedency of all others, by introducing to the
notice of its readers the copy of an address which it ob-
serves is well adapted for public adoption, and trusts that
some members of the Protestant public in Liverpool will
take the matter in hand, and promote to the best of their
power such an important movement.—Preston Pilot.

•
THE MERCURY'S MEMORY.—The reporter of the
Mercury has a treachrous memory to deal with. He did
not furnish our reporter with any particulars of the An-
nual Licensing Sessions. All that our reporter was short
of was obtained from another quarter—namely, the sub-
stance of the very few words uttered by the mayor. The
whole of the rest was taken from documents equally ac-
cessible to all the reporters. The Mercury forgot (or he
would not have alluded to the slender favour erroneously

alleged to have been conferred, even had it been so) that
our reporter a few days before gave him the materials for
a paragraph—which, supposing he had favoured him as
stated, would have only been tit ',for tat, and not worth
notice. He also forgot to say anything about the para-
graph alluded to by " Tit-for-Tat, relative to the Lood.
hiana, and he must also have forgotten himself when he
states that he was at the Licensing Sessions " during the
whole time. "Heleft these sessions long before they were
closed and long before our reporter left. We fear our con-
temporary's memory is on the wain ; but if ho continue to
attack us, we think we shall be at n 9 loss to And a" Row,
land for his COliyer"