The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1848-12-05 00:00:00

to one who,

belong to what

...a. &I, asuuuJ I,IIC ULU
or not with reference to the faith upon which results1 the
most tremendous hang. Commence the work of retro-
gression, and where shall you stop in the backward move-
rnent ? Confound the minds of the unreflecting with the
public declaration that the state is bound deliberately to
propagate that which the state acknowledges to be false-
hood, degrading to man, and blasphemy to God, and upon
what other points will you have courage to enlighten them ?
Can it be an act of intelligence or liberality to foster
and encourage openly and unreservedly the errors for en-
tertaining which the recognized teachers of our church
declare eternal punishment awaits us ? Is it left for the
most advanced age of the world to make known aloud
and unblushingly, that it matters little what you do, pro-
vided only that you preach ? Is it to be the crowning
work of our "expedient" legislation to lift A veil from ti

rising generation-, a
fathers worshipped
from

... • a,h4.
d to make them mock the creed their
We cannot drag ourselves away
open confession of our faith. We make it in the
church ; if it is worth a straw we carry it with us into our
daily occupations ; if it influences our private prayers, it
follows us into our public acts. Truth may be disliked,
but it cannot be avoided. We may plant error by its
side, but it must wither as a thing that takes no root.
There cannot be two religious truths for one nation. The
Bible cannot be true and wafer-worship right. We can-
not abide by the book and encourage the worship.—

IfOrnin_q

Dec. 5, 184$.

IL fttraturt.
VARIETIES.

Mrs. Somerville, in her Physical Geography, says that
the honey bee was introduced into America not many
years ago, and is now spread over that continent.
One hundred and forty unpublished letters, addressed
by King William 111. to Henry de Lorraine. Prince of
Vaudemont, were recently sold for something like 6s. 6d.
a-piece.
The Musical World has a curious letter from R. Schu-
man, from Leipsic, pointing out a canon attributed to
Mozart, which is note for note the same as Non nobis
Domine, said to be by Bird, asking if there be any evi-
dence in England proving the composition to be by Bird,
either from the date of publication or otherwise.
The awful results of war are not confined to the bloody
scenes of the battle-field ; but disease—slow, consuming
disease—more than any of the instruments of war, scat-
ters death among those engaged in the trying fatigues and
exposures of military duty. Of those who have died in
active service of Mexico, the proportion of those cut
down by disease to those who fell on the battle-field is
about five to one.—Gen. Taylor's Address.
RAFT LOAD OF MONKEYS.—We find the following
story in La Democratic Pacifique :—" A state corvette,
just returned from a cruise in the Indian seas, brit:l9-s
news of a rather curious incident. At one of the islands
a dozen monkeys were caught and brought on board.
Their gambols were mightily relished by the crew. One
night, however, when the ship was out at sea, some of
the monkeys managed to get into the commandant's
cabin, scattering ink over official charts and papers, and
perpetrating other mischiefs, so that he ordered them all
to be flung into the sea. The sailors, however, were
much grieved at this, and on their remonstrance, the com-
mandant gave permission that a raft should be constructed
on which the poor animals might be left with some chance
of being drifted ashore. The sailors fitted the raft with a
small raft and a sail, which they set easterly in the direc-
tion of the land. They placed on the frail skiff a store of
biscuit and water, and then were obliged to abandon the
twelve prescripts to their fate. The crew, much moved,
waved their hats, wished them a bon voyage, and watched
them out of sight. .
THE CHEVALIER PAUL JoNEs.----The following adver-
tisement in the Times brings back to popular recollections
the name and the deeds of a faithless son to his country
hen She latter was so pressed by foreign foes as

w..
the aid of every arm she could call her own :—" The under-
signed, having been appointed deputy public administra-
tor of Admiral the Chevalier J. Paul Jones, the first com-
modore of the American navy, Member of the Order of
the Cincinnati, Chevalier of the French Military Order
of Merit, Knight of the Russian Order of St. Ann, &c.,
and who died in Paris, in 1792, hereby gives notice to the
heirs of the said Chevalier Paul Jones to transmit their
claims for adjudication, that they may participate in the
late decision of Congress, and approved by the President
of the United States, granting 50,000 dollars to the heir,
of the said Chevalier Jones. The undersigned is also
authorised to receive the claims of the heirs of the officers,
&c., of the first American squadron of 1779, consisting of
the ships of war Bon Homme Richard, Alliance, and
Pallas, commanded by the said Chevalier Jones, that
they may particip to in the bill before Congress for
200,000 dollars, should that bill also become a law. All
claims, attested by documents, to be directed, prepaid, to
the undersigned, on or before March 1, 1849.
THE REMNANT OF THE " GRAND ARMEE."—Did the
tears of exiles fertilise, Siberia would be a teeming land.
Since its first subjugation by Ivan the Terrible, how many
a Russian magnate, lord of thousands of serfs, owner of
millions of rubles, proud of his position, and confident
of imperial favour, has suddenly found himself travelling
eastward under escort, banished and a beggar. How
many mournful trains of minor offenders have plodded
their weary way across the Uralian chain, guarded by
barbarian Bashkirs, to labour in the mines of Nerchinsk,
or to lead a peasant's toilsome life on the margin
of the Frozen Sea. From those vast and :ce-bound re-
gions, escape can rarely be accomplished. But at inter-
vals, during the last five-and-thirty years, bearded and
toil-worn men of martial aspect have crossed the German
frontier, and astonished those they accosted by wild tales
of suffering, and ignorance of the most notorious events.
Some have inquired for Napoleon, and wept when they
learned he was a captive, or dead. Circumstances of cur-
rent history, known to each child and peasant, were to
them a mystery and a marvel. These strange wanderers,
escaped from long bondage in Siberia, were amongst the
last survivors of that countless host led northwards by a
Corsican's ambition, and whose funeral pile was lighted in
Moscow's city.—Blackwood's Magazine.
MAN'S Foon.—What do men really live upon ? The
answers will be various enough. The Guacho, who in the
wide pampas of Buenos Ayres, managing his half wild
horse with incredible dexterity, throws the lasso or bolas
to catch the ostrich, the guanaco, or the wild bull, con-
sumes daily from ten to twelve pounds of meat, and re-
gards it as a high feast day when in any hacienda he gains
a variety in the shape of a morsel of pumpkin. The word
bread does not exist in his vocabulary. The Irishman,
on the other hand, regales himself in careless mirth on
his " potatoes and point," after a day of painful labour,
he who cannot help making a joke even of the name he
gives to his scanty meal. Meat is a strange idea to him,
and he is happy indeed if four times a-year he can add a
herring to season the mealy tubers. The hunter of the
prairies lays low the buffalo with sure bullet ; and its
juicy, fat-streaked hump, roasted between two hot stones,
is to him the greatest of delicacies. Meanwhile, the in-
dustrious Chinese carries to market his carefully fattened
rats, delicately arranged upon white sticks, certain to find
a good customer among the epicures of Pekin ; and in his
hot, smoky hut, fast buried beneath the snow and ice,
the Greenlander consumes his fat, which he has just car-
ved, rejoicing over the costly prize, from a stranded whale.
Here the black slave sucks the sugar-cane, and eats his
banana ; there the African merchant fills his wallet with
sweet dates, his sole sustenance in the long desert jour-
ney ; and there the Siamese crams himself with a quanti-
ty of rice, from which an European would shrink appalled.
And wheresoever over the whole inhabited earth we ap-
proach and demand hospitality, in almost every little spot
a different kind of food is set before us, and the " daily
bread' offered in another form.—The Plant, a Biogra-
phy, by Schleiden.
PRINCE EDWARD'S ISLAND.—Prince Edward's Island,
situated on the coast of IN ova Scotia, contains about
1,300,000 acres, and a population of about 50,000. The
soil is generally fertile, light, easily worked, and adapted
for every agricultural purpose. It grows excellent crops
of grain and potatoes. The quality of wheat grown is
superior to that of New Brunswick. When the French
had the island, it was considered the granary of Quebec.
The oats grown are better than the average produce of

England. -The island is long and narrow, and has many
fine harbours. No part of it is twelve miles from the
water, which is full of fish of various kinds. In many
places carts may be taken down to the water's edge, and
filled with lobsters; cod, mackerel, and herring abound
all round the coast. The climate is extremely healthy,
and the country beautiful ; but the long winter is an ob-
jection. There is, however, plenty of employment in
winter for labourers, in clearing land, procuring fuel,
fencing, and getting timber for shipbuilding. A good
deal of shipbuilding is going on ; 200 vessels were built
in 1847; in consequence of the long, narrow shape of the
island, and its numerous harbours, a man can always be
near enough to take wood to a s

here is

sufficient water-power for corn and sa,-v -mills. The Le-
gislature provides schoolmasters in every district, and
good churches are open to all denominations of Chris-

tians. The wages of common labourers are 3s. a day.
Mr. Cunard, the contractor for the trans-Atlantic steam-
boats, holds a large estate in this island, which he dis-
poses of in the following manner :—He extends roads
through his waste lands, and lays out lots of fifty acres
each along the sides of the roads, in such proportions as
to always have ready a good stock of these small farms
for sale or lease ; he is ready to let elch of these farms

years, paying no rent for the first three years, I
then 6d., then 9d., and then Is. an acre, with
enabling the tenant at any time to purchase the

hen 3d

-The veneration shown to

at twenty years' purchase
THE MADONNA IN ROME
the Virgin by the lower classes is inconceivab
cupies so prominent a place in their minds, that th
no room for a just sentiment of the Deity or his works

bow to

Where there is one knee bent to God, th-ousant
her,—with them she is the ruler of the world. We con-
stantly find her picture at the corner of the streets, under
which a lamp is kept incessantly burning. There is not a
nook or recess anywhere in which some pious person has
not erected a tinsel altar under her figure, so that passers
by can kneel and say a prayer or two, and then n,ove on.

OAK-TREE WITH A CARRIAGE-WAY THROUGH IT.---
An anecdote is told of the late Duke of Portland, father
of the present Duke, and grandfather of the late lamented
Lord George Bentinck. His Grace, who was a celebrated
man in his day, had a large party at dinner, and after the
cloth was removed, the wine having circulated with the
usual freedom, the company was somewhat elevated, when
an immense oak, celebrated throughout the whole coun-
try, and the ruins of which are still to be seen at Welbeck,
became the subject of conversation. The duke offered to
bet five hundred guineas that he could drive a carriage
and six right through the heart of this magnificent repre-
sentative of England's forest glories. A gentleman took
him at his word, and the subject was dropped for the even-
ing. Next morning his Grace recollected, not with the
most pleasant feelings, the transactions of the preceding
evening. The oak which he had virtually doomed to de-
struction with one of the finest ornaments of his estate,
and rather than devote it to ruin, he resolved to sacrifice
the five hundred guineas. Accordingly, he intimated the
design of immediately delivering a check to the gentle-
man who had taken the bet, when he learned that nume-
rous bets on the same subject, amounting to a very consi-
derable sum, had been made by other partieg, in justice to
whom he considered that he was bound to attempt the feat.
Accordingly, an archway, sufficient to admit a carriage,
was chalked out on the ample trunk of the tree; a tunnel
was excavated through the solid mass, and his Grace, on
the appointed day, in the presence of a large company of
ladies and gentlemen, was actually driven in state in a
carriage drawn by six beautiful horses right through the
oak. The remains of this giant of the forest, magnificent
even in ruin, are still standing; and, but for this foolish
frolic, the tree might have flourished for many ages to
come on the ducal domain of Welbeck.
LAW IN RUSSIA.—In Alexander's reign the Jesuits
had made themselves all-powerful in some parts of Po-
land. A rich landholder and possessor of 6,000 peasants
at Poltzak, the Jesuit head-quarters, was so wrought on
by the artful assiduities of the Society that he bequeathed
his whole fortune to it at his death, with this stipulation
—that the Jesuits should bring up his only son and after-
wards give him whatever portion of the inheritance they
should choose. When the young man had reached the
age of twenty, the Jesuits had bestowed on him three
hundred peasants. He protested vehemently against their
usurpation, and began a suit against the Society ; but his
father's will seemed clear and explicit, and after having
consumed all his little fortune, he found his claims dis-

owneu oy every triuunai in me empire, inclutung eve
General Assembly of the Senate. In this seemingly hope-
less extremity he applied to a certain attorney in St. Pe-
tersburgh, famous for his fertility of mind in mattera of
cunning and chicanery. After having perused the will
and the documents connected with the suit, the lawyer
said to his client, " Your business is done ; if you will
promise me ten thousand rubles, I will undertake to pro-
cure an Imperial ukase reinstating you in possession of all
your father's property." The young man readily agreed
to the bargain, and in eight days afterwards he was mas-
ter of his patrimony. The decision which led to this sin-
gular result rested solely on the interpretation of the
phrase, they shall give him whatever they choose, which
plainly meant, as the lawyer maintained, that the young
man was entitled to such portion as the Jesuits chose—
t which they chose and retained for themselves.

i. e., to the

The Em.peror admitted this curious explanation ; the son
became master of 5,700 peasants; and the Jesuits were
obliged to content themselves with the three hundred they
had bestowed on their ward in the first instance.

A HIGHLAND FLOOD.--That stream (the Findhorn)
which was so calm, and bright, and sunny, when the ot-
ters floated down its current in a still summer's morning,
was a fierce and terrible enemy in its anger ; and, for a
great part of the year, the dread of its uncertainty and
danger was a formidable cause for the preservation of that
profound solitude of the forest which so long made it the
sanctuary of deer, roe, and every kind of wild game. The
rapidity with which the river comes down, the impassable
height to which it rises in an incredibly short time, its in-
certitude and fury, would render it an object of care to

," unaccustomed, like the Highlanders, to wrestle
mountain torrent, and, excepting in rare instances,
to swim or manage a coble, it inspires a dread, al-
mounting to awe, and none except ourselves ventured

to keep a boat above the fishing-station of Slui. Pent within
a channel of rocks from fifty to a hundred and eighty feet

lity of diffusion ; and the length of course
ancealing beyond the horizon the storms by
which it is swelled at its source, its floods then descend
with unexpected violence. Frequently when, excepting a
low wreath upon Beann-Drinechain, the sun is shining in

a clou

nd the water scarce ripples over the

glittering ford, a deep hollow sound—a chill approaching
roar may be heard in the gorges of the river; and almost
before the wading fisherman can gain the shore, a bank of
water, loaded with trees, and rocks, and wreck, will come
down three—four—five feet abreast—sweeping all before it
in a thunder of foam and ruin. In ordinary cases, after
two days of rain, the stream will rise twenty or thirty feet
—it has risen nearly ten fathoms in its rocky gulf ; and
once upon this occasion it mounted fifteen feet in a quarter
of an hour. When the dawn broke, it appeared sweeping
through the trees, which the evening before hung fifty
feet above its brink—a black roaring tempest loaded with
ruins and debris, from which were seen to rise at times the
white skeletons of trees peeled of their bark, beams and
couples of houses—a cart—a door—a cradle, hurrying and
tilting through the foam and spray, like the scattered " float-
some of a wreck.—Stuarts' Lays of the Deer Forest, Sje.
A SHIP AMONG ICEBERGS.—II, is impossible to convey

a correct idea of the beauty, the magnificence, of some
of the scenes through which we passed. Thousands of
the most grotesque, fanciful, and beautiful icebergs and
icefields surrounded us on all sides, intersected by numer-
ous serpentine canals, which glittered in the sun (for the
weather was fine all the time we were in the straights) like
threads of silver twining round ruined palaces of crystal.
The masses assumed every variety of form and size, and

many of them bore such a striking resemblance to cathe-
drals, churches, columns, arches, and spires that I could
almost fancy we had been transported to one of the float-
ing cities of fairyland. The rapid motion, too, of our
ship, in what appeared a dead calm, added much to the
nagical effect of the scene. A light but steady breeze
ig, with considerable velocity, through a

f ponds and canals, which, from the immense
quantity of ice that surrounded them, were calm and
unruffled as the surface of a mill-pond. Not a sound
disturbed the delightful stillness of nature, save the
gentle rippling of the vessel's bow, as she sped on
her way, or the occasional puffing of a lazy whale,
awakened from a nap by our unceremonious intrusion on

his domains. Now and then, however, my reveries were
disagreeably interrupted by the ship coming into sudden

sionally when we arrived at the termination of one of
those natural canals through which we passed, and found
it necessary to force our way into the next. These con-

ship's hell ring ; but we heeded this little, as the vessel
was provided with huge blocks of timber on her bows,
called ice-pieces, and was besides built expressly for sail-
ing in the northern seas. It only became annoying at
meal-times, when a spoonful of soup would sometimes
make a little private excursion of its own, over the

shoulder of the owner instead of into his mouth. As
we proceeded, the ice became more closely packed, and at
last compelled us to bore through it. The ship, however,

recollected, while thus surrounded, filling a bucket with
water from a pool of ice, to see whether it was fresh or

was exc

llent, and might almost compete with the water
of Crawley.—Ballatyne's Hud-

from the famOus sp

AN ENCOUNTER ON THE PRAIRIE.—No enemies
showed themselves as yet, and the hunters proceeded
quietly up the river, vast he

the crt

r made by most of the white travellers
mly destroy these noble ani-

e butchery. La Bonte had practice
in the art, and before the buffalo

enough to perfect h

as a first-rate hunter

ne nom ieit me camp
a band of cows for that

to-Wards they

g the bed of a dry hollow-in the prairie,
when he observed them suddenly jump away towards him,
and immediately after a score of mounted Indians appeared
in sight,
.whom, by their dress, he at once knew- to be
Pawnees and enemies.. Thinking they might not discover
bim, he crouched down in the ravine; but a noise behind
causing him to turn his head, he saw some f