The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1833-04-23 00:00:00

STANDARI).

great outlay and expenditure and unnecessary calls upon pub-
lic liberality.
I hope this attempt to deprecate your opposition will not be
altogether ineffectual.—Yours, &c.,
WILLIAM W. SQUIRES, M.D.
Everton Terrace, April 20th, 1833.

OF DREAMS.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STINDARD.

Sta,—Ou looking over the Liverpool news of the other day,
I was sorry to see an instance quoted of a modern dream's in-
fallibility. As it is one of the most remarkable misfortunes of
mankind, who, for unaccountable apprehensions, torment them-
selves with what is past, or perplex themselves for what is to
come, and augment their present troubles, by making use of the
night,.which is designed for their rest, to increase their misery,
and to afford themselves new materials of affliction, I humbly
offer the following explanation of their cause, and firmly trust
their absurdness (which the doctrines of the Christian religion
fully establish) may meet the attention of all those who are in
the nervous habit of reposing confidence in their too often dis-
mal piesages.—Yours, &c. X. Y. Z.

Dreams are errors of an old date ; they have seduced several
great men to believe in them, as containing a solution of hea-
venly mysteries, not seeing they were to be accounted for in a
natural way : for they have their rise partly from the constitu-
tion of men, and partly from the active nature of men's spirits
even in the time of rest, when they cannot use the senses and
organs of the body, which are then fast bound up in sleep. The
mind is therefore obliged to sport itself in the imagination,
Where there is a medley of ideas, relating to different objects
by the blending of which together it creates chimeras that never;
did exist, nor possible to be: and sometimes the soul diverts it-
self in the memory, where are imprinted the ideas of things that
have struck our senses, or the traces of things which we have
done, or design to do. If the mind happen then to be in any
violent passion, the ideas of the imagination are confounded
with those of the memory; so that the dreams which proceed
from such a confusion are incapable of any interpretation, and
consequently it is profane to attribute them to the Holy Spirit.
How foolish is it to imagine that our dreams are more capa-
ble of infallibility and intercourse with Heaven than our
thoughts when awake, which arc frequently then engaged in
deep and rational meditations ! How unworthy of God it is to
fancy him to be the author of dreams, and that by them he
warns us of things that are to come, when, of a hundred thou-
sand dreams, we shall scarcely find one that can have any
meaning at all; the rest are only mere groundless figures, of
which there is no signification. only
would prove quite other-
wise if they were from God, who never does anything in vain ;
for all his gifts answer the ends they were designed for. So
those inspirations which proceed from the omniscience of God
must of necessity be intelligible ; for God, who is infallible,
never produces effects contrary to his own perfections.
How ridiculous is it to imagine that the great God, who is
light, truth, and order is the author of dreams, which are full
of obscurity, lies, and confusion ! It is in vain to support that
opinion from the authority of holy scripture, since it is expressly
forbidden in Leviticus to observe dreams. Furthermore, a re-
gard to dreams and vain delusions has been the occasion of the
failure of many actions.

It is true that great secrets have been discovered in the night,
by revelation, which is the peculiar favour of God, but not at
ail by dreams, which have nothing to do with inspiration; and
it is (and was) an improper way of speaking, to call those vi-
sions in the night which appeared to Abimelech, Solomon, and
other holy persons, by the name of dreams, they being prophe-
sies full of high holy meanings. In fine, it is great weakness
to be moved by dreams, or to give any credit to them.

DOMESTIC.
COURT AND FASHIONABLE WORLD.

The Queen held her third Drawing-Room this season on
Thursday afternoon, at St. James's Paiace.—Her Majesty en-
tered the State Rooms about half-past two o'clock, accompained
by the King, and the Great Officers of State, and the Officers
of the Royal Household took their stations about their 'Majes-
ties. The doors of the Throne Room, in which their Majesties
took their station were then opened, when those who had the
privilege of the entree were admitted. The ladies in waiting on
her Majesty were the Dowager Duchess of Leeds, Mistress of
the. Robes ; Lady Mayo (in waiting), and the Marchioness of
Wellesley; the Maids of Honour Miss Mitchell (in waiting),
Miss Hope Johnstone, Miss Eden, and Miss Bagot; Lady
Isabella Wemyss and Mrs. Berkely Paget were also in atten-
dance. The Queen was also attended by. the Earl of Denbigh,
her Majesty's Lord Chamberlain ; the Earl of Erroll, Master
of the Horse; Mr. Ashley, Vice-Chamberlain; Captain Pec-
hell, Equerry in Waiting; Sir George Hoste, Gentleman
Usher; Mr. Hudson, resident Gentleman Usher ; and the Page
of Honour. The King was attended by the Duke•of Devon-
shire, the Lord Chamberlain, the Marquess of Winchester,
Groom of the Stole, and the Officers of his Household.- The
Marquess of Queensberry and Sir Joseph Whatley were the
Lord and Groom in waiting. The Duke of Devonshire was at
Court for the first time since his Grace's accident. The Hon.
Corps of Gentlemen Pensioners formed avenues to the entree
and general entraces. The Mexican Minister presented to her
Majesty, M. Pacheco, a member of the last Mexican Congress.
When the entree company had paid their respects to the Queen,
the general company were introduced.
On Thursday, at her residence in Lower Grosvenor-street,
the Dowager Marchioness of Lothian.
On Tuesday, at her residence in the Strand, Frances Eleanor,
the amiable lady of Sir John Deane Paul, Bart., granddaughter
of the eighth earl of Strathmore, and only sister to Lady Ra-
vensworth.

On Tuesday, at her residence in Grosvenor-square, Lady f
i
Julia Petre. 'the sudden death of this lady proceeded entirely c
from the agitation experienced in parting from her favourite
daughter, from whom she had • never been. separated, and whetct
was united, on the morning of this disastrous event, to Captar '
Sir John Pechell, one of. the Lords of the Admiralty.
. -. he
"Tiles," asked a sapient Member of the Senate, when
they the
I
heard Lord Althorp commence his list of reductions with
repeal of the duty on theni. "'files ! well, I never knew „ oti,
were taxed. How long have tiles been subject to duty ?"
„E_ us."
a long time," "
said Stanley ; ever since the time of R. edit.
'
"1 am much obliged to you," said Spooney, who belie announce
ADMIRAL Loan GA DIBIEII.—We regret to have to
.t 4 o'clock
the death of this.excellent and amiable nobleman, a abridge, in
on Thursday morning, at his house at Iver, near I 1 1' the few re-
the 77th.vear of his age. His lordship was one o , the glorious
maining:gallant officers who had a command in Jimmanded the
battle of the Ist of June. On that occasion he ccthat broke the
Defence, of 74 guns, Which. was the first shiP,4ion and had to
line. The Defence was dismasted in the ac%.ine on each side,
contend with two French.ships•of- the line, kigrceen,s and for that
Lord Gambier
forces both of which struck to him.. At Copenhr
was the ccmmauder-in-chief of the navalFE2oo a 0 year, which
service was rewarded with a pension °`'ship again commanded
latter he generously declined. His loYfieet in the Basque roads.
the naval force _against the Frenkh..‘ his loyalty and his devo-
His public life was distinguished bygie life by an uninterrupted
tion to the constitution;. his rivii,_,
series of acts of kindness and p ihow thropy.
N.—Died on Thursday morn-
THE LATE EARL .01,. CARNAR v.,% r-souare, Henry George Her-
ing, at his residence in Grosvoy.aron Porchester, of High Clere,_
county Southampton,
bert, Earl of Carnarvon and _lBJeerage of Great Britain, and High
in the Vt,':une 3, 1772, succeeded on the death
Steward of Newbury, born .fit Earl, June 3, 1811, married April
of his father Henry, the firs -
daughter and heir of the late Colonel
26, 1796, Elizabeth Kitty
'ct Dyke Acland, by whom (who died
John and Lady Harro
I.,ev `?-Ishin has left issue Lady Harriet Eliza-
March 5, 1813) his lor G. Stapleton. Henry John Geo.
. .
both, married to the W.,,,,* Earl of Carnarvon) married, August
Lord Porchester (Ilene, eldest daughter of the late Lord Henry
1830, Henrietta An, to the Duke of Norfolk, and to the Hon. E.
Howard, and nieceip. P. for Callington. Lord Carnarvon start-
C.
Herbert, late 111;T.nd of Mr. Fox, and participator in the poli-
ed
in life as the friClhe presentremier who, however, omitted his
tical opinions of tVerlinisterial arrangements attendant on the for-
lordship
in the r,ifesent ministry, and thence it is said arose his
mation of the prsc Reform Bill, which he denounced with all the
opposition to th . an ultra Conservative.
=,or of the Foleys was an extensive iron-master in
v e,hrehme eanncce of _or
sot
His great grandson was raised to the Peerage in
. /late Peer was a staunch adherent of the Whigs, who
The.-i on their accession to power, with the Lord Lieu-
rewarded h
I,lylolr.cester.
''. WOrcestershire, when it -became vacant by the (le-
y grCiie Earl of Coventry ; and also the Courtly office of
ctain of the Band of Gentlemen Pensioners, to ivhich, we
a salary of £lOOO is attached. By his lordsh4fs de-
ncteilcnisacenieleve,
mise a vacancy is created in the representation of West Worces-
i tershire, for which the present Lord (late the Hon. Thomas
Henry Foley) was member in the last and present Parliament.
- The remains of Lord Foley will be interred at Whelley, in Wor-
> cestershire.

The death of Lord Foley will, it is said, be the most formida-
ble blow to the Insurance Offices which they have experienced
since the demise of the two senior members of the present
Royal Family. -

We understand that a numerous meeting of the clergy of the
Archdeaconry of Middlesex took place on Thursday at St. Mar-
tin's Vestry, when it was determined to petition the two Houses
of Parliament against the measures now in progress respecting
the Irish Church, but it was agreed to postpone the framing of
the petition until the bill was introduced into the House of
Commons.

PORTSMOUTH, April 18.—A court-martial was held [this day
on board his Majesty's ship Victory, in this harbour, to inquire •
into the cause and circumstances attending his Majesty's sloop
Larne taking the ground on the Goodwin Sands, on the 4th
instant, and to try Commander Wm. Sydney Smith, for his
conduct on that occasion, and also for neglecting and disobey-
ing the first article of his private instructions under the head of
pilotage. , The Court, after hearing the evidence and the de-
fence, desired that Commander Smith should be reprimanded,
and admonished him to be more cautious in future, which was
accordingly, done.
FACTORY COMHISSION.—We rejoice in the appointment of a
commission
.to visit the manufactories, because we see, even
from the writings of the editors of the leading London' newspa-
pers, that, as regards cotton mills at least, there is an utter ig-
norance, not only of the general condition of the workers in
them, but even of the nature of the employment in which the
children are engaged. And it is not in ignorance that Parliament
ought to legislate. So far as the masters in this branch of bu-
siness'are concerned, we do not believe that any material disin-
clination would be felt to increasing the age at which children
should be legally admissible into factories. They would not ob-
ject to its being gradually raised from nine to eleven or twelve
years. But it is not to be concealed that this step would, in
many instances, most deeply injure the interests of working
families; and 'perhaps cause a considerable additional pressure
on the poor's rates., We very much question also whether, in-
stead of redeeming young children from labour, it would not
lead to their being compelled to work harder for lower wages,
either as band-loom weavers, or in some other way. Let the
point, however, be strictly looked into; and, here, as elsewhere,
let the ultimate decision be in accordance (if that can be ascerr
tained) with the balance of advantage.—Manchester Guardian.
A SCENE.—Extract from Mr. Oastler's speech at the recent
public meeting at Bolton :—" Some time since, I happened to
be at Leeds, and having been obliged to stay all night, I ordered
that I should be called up early in the morning. I was called
up, and found it moonlight and starlight, and a morning so cold
that the teeth of a strong athletic man would chatter in his head.
I drove in my gig through the streets of Leeds, and I met nobody
but two or three watchmen. The shops were closed, and the
windows dark; I saw nothing but the glimmerings of the watch-
men's lanterns; all was still, save the sound of the watchmen's
feet and my gig. 1 arrived in the suburbs; I heard a dismal
sound—it fell like the knell of death on my ear. It was the fac-
tory bell ringing; the streets were instantly crowded. There
were no strong, hale men, nor any lights. The parents were
in bed, but their children had risen, and were trudging through
the cold to the factories. I spoke to one who, with bread in his
mouth, was hurrying forward, for fear of being fined. I asked
him where he was going ? He said to the mill. I asked him
if he had said his prayers ? He answered, no, he had no time—
and then he ran on. I pursued my journey ; and I saw the
sheep in the pastures, and the cattle resting, for they had not
risen to feed, much less to work. There was no need of a law
to protect them ; they are vested property. It were better if
British infants were the vested property of the factory master;
then perhaps he might find an interest in using them kindly.
(Cheers.) In an hour I met three able men going to their
employment. They were weavers, and did not need to go so
early as the factory children. But still the sun had not risen,
nor did I hear the cattle lowing, or the herds bleating. I went
on, and in a while I heard the birds singing and then the cattle
began to graze. Then I met the agricultural labourers, with
their implements gracing their brawny shoulders and athletic
frames. They were ruddy, healthy, and strong. Aye !
said I, this looks like england. They were not b0y5...," nor
dwarfs, but men—freemen. (Cheers.) Their offs:prAi,g were
not immured in a h—h bastile • but either not ris- .en, of else
gambolling in the fields. In another hour I met La dairymaid,
with her milk-pail; it seemed natural. I felt me,vself in a land
where all might be. happiness and liberty
my recollection to what I had seen at Leeds. —when, good God,
I reflected that the poor, miserable, decrepit beings had been
working there, in an overheated atmosphe
I'T' for full three hours,
by gas-light and by star-light,
1""l 'et sickened within me.
I asked myself if Christianity, if linir,9 . if liberty_ required
this sacrifice ? and I resolved, that re- when I turned
factory child than I had yet done." (Conti cheers.)
EVILS OF THE POOR LAWS.— of the worst and almost
incredible effects of the poor-rate system, as it is administered
-(a direct premium to unchastity.
in En.gland, is its operating as • makes a prominent figure in the
This is la
circumstance NvlnchJ
reports before us. The usurr .1
allowance for an illegitimate child
r 'to increase this to a handsome sum,
is 2s. weekly, 'and, in orde."?
it is not uncommon for -males
to bring large families upon
of.-pa-
rishes. In Mr. Cowe .1; , lreport fronaSwaffham, in Norfolk,
the case of one woma is mentioned who received, for her seven
" illegitimate children;or 14s. weekly,—had she been a widow " she
"
would not have re: ceived so much by 4s. or ss. a week;" thus
'ird child about2s per cent. more valuable to a
making "a bash-
parent than a 1 'one," Mr. C • 11observes,
egitimate as wee Ho
, that amongst the poor " it is considered
.a good
farther states;,,
speculation t; marry h woman who(:an briny a fortune of one or
two bastard. sto her husband !!" 'Phis is a hopeful specimen of
English ros
bastard.
English but the corrupting influence of the system has
extended
much farther than this, and has actually, in some
places, . reached even the higher classes. Captain Pringle re-
,•oin the agricultural district of Cumberland as follows :
por
" ts '',.ems not unusual for the daughters of the small farmers or
It see. ems
as they are here called (men farming their own pro-
pert.,sd state
!,y) to have bastard children, and to come Is> the parish for
dlowancean a. "The following extract is from a letter written
the overseer of the parish of : We at this time, in
Y.etr parish, are supporting two bastard children whose mothers
re-lave landed pyoperty of their own, and would not marry the
Pe'athers of their children.— The daughters -orsome farmers,
and even landowners, have bastard Children. These farmers
and landowners keep their daughters and children with them,
and regularly keep back their poor-rate to meet the parish al-
lowance for their daughters' bastards. We have no doubt the
same grievance exists in many other parishes.— I could ad-
duce many townships where one or more cases of farmers'
daughters receiving such an allowance had occurred, but shall
prefer giving an extract from the letter of a clergyman of a
parish more than twenty miles from that to which the above
refers A very different description of women have, of late
years, beCome the mother of bastard children ; formerly it was
confined to the daughters of cottagers, and girls employed in
farm husbandry; but of late very respectable farmers' daughters
have been in that situation, and applied to have their offspring
taken care of by the parish.' "—Glasgow Herald.

DEMOLITION OF THE JAIL OF TAIN.—THREE PERSONS
BURNT.—It was discovered this morning (Monday, the 15th
inst.). between two and three o'clock, that the New Jail of 'fain
was on fire. When the alarm was given, only the westmost
room was in flames : but some delay took place in getting the
jailors to open the prison. Upon their arrival the keys were,
after some confusion obtained, but owing to some mistake in
discovering the proper keys, the fire extended to the passage,
and no access could be obtained to the prisoners in that por-
tion of the jail, and the consequence has been that George
Alexander, architect in Golspie, and Angus Macleod, vintner,
Ballintrade, both confined for debt, along with Macleod's wife,
who came on a visit to him on Saturday last, have all been
burnt to death. It was truly horrifying to hear the cries of the
sufferers for assistance, before they had been suffocated by the
smoke. The delinquents, who were confined in the tower ad-
joining the jail, were all saved, and allowed to go at large.—
The Jail and Court-house, with the exception of the Tower, are
all burnt to the ground, and no part saved, owing to there being
no fire engines in the place. The portraits of Air. Macleod,
Sheriff of Ross-shire, and Mr. Murray, Provost of 'fain, which
were placed in the Court-room, were with difficulty rescued
from the flames free of injury. It is believed the fire was occa-
sioned by some ashes being placed in a wooden cinder-bucket
in the room where the fire originated, in which there was a
considerable quantity of straw which ignited, and gave rise to
the conflagration. The remains of Alexander, and Macleod
and his wife, have been found in the ruins, but neither of them
can be distinguished. Had not the morning been calm and
still, Ellison's hotel and stables would have also been destroyed,
as well as probably the British Linen Company's Office, but
every precaution was taken to prevent the fire from extending.
—Edinburgh Advertiser.
THE IRISH MEMBERS,—AII amusine story is going the
round of the clubs. The other night gr. and Mr.
**** ****, were observed coming away_ arm in arm from the
House of Commons, and overheard colloquing" in the follow-
ing characteristic anecdote :—" Will ye dine with me to-mar-
row, —— ?" " Faith an' I will, with all my heart"—
" Rimimber, 'tis only a family dinner I'm asking ye to."—
" And what for not ?—A family dinner is a mighty plisant
thing !—What have ye got ?" Oh! nothing by common !
Jilt an iligant pace of earned beef and potatoes." "By the
powers, that bates the world !—Jist my own dinner to a hair—
kirring the 4cel."—Court Journal.