The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-03-28 00:00:00

. .
• _
"enerally throughout the country. For years it has baffled COMMITMENT TO THE Assizes.,—At the Police-court
hallds,seet at defiance the calculations of our most acute men of yesterday, a man named Peter Dogherty was committed for
hasivnetssio Granted that the crop is large, the immensity of it I trial, on
two charges of uttering base coin.
like ratio• like be The consumption is going on in the
(4...._
. i Tis well known that the ingenuity and talent THE HALIFAX AND BOSTON ROYAL 'MAIL STEAM-
eeund n some instances the trickery) of our manufacturers snips.—We draw attention to the advertisement of the
are dailY ad • • Halifax and Boston steamers in our advertising columns.
therto unknoctting it
in
the production of various articles hi- The new steam-ship Hibernia is appointed to leave Liverpool
at 2 ie eri i and theaverage weekly consumption is taken on the 19th April. The passage money by this vessel, we
.e,.. , . not 28,000 bales. Avery large quantity (say 200 to
. eseanut,OpOrOielepasles) is held and will be held at any thing like pre- observe, is reduced to thirty guineas, with one guinea stew-
trade the immense crop
; so that with any thing like a good ard's fee. Rumour speaks of the Hibernia as, perhaps, the
most complete steam-ship afloat.
rambling, crop will be required to keep prices from
s i
It ALGANOBILLA SEED.—A Treasury order was last week
e. i
‘e e l known to those in the trade, that the hulk of
'ue speculation now being done in our market is on London received, which, pursuant to the recommendation. of
called
aeeoent; so that "the speculative spirit at all limey too Board of Trade, directs that this article (commonly
Prevai •.
slept in Liverpool" is led or, andalgarobilla) be charged the same duty as bark, namely, 3d.
faaPitalibt. 12 abettetl by the London e,ut our contemporary. need not he alarmed, for per cwt. A prior Treasury order had directed it to be
charged with the same duty as st;cklac, which then paid ls.,
de has improved, and must coetinue to do so, to the dis- b t nowpays only N. per cwt. Previously, algarobilla was
eotnfitu things e ' League," u
ad
ct,ertreitriiatwhose aim, glory, and boast is charged an valorem duty as "unrated."
tnbeyalsntal7y are, if they cannot be made worse, ha FINES:UPON PUBLICANS AND BEERSELLERS.—Tv‘enty-
moa e earth and spirits in the vasty deep five informations were heard, on Friday, forinfractions of the
tubes lastP
'e, encore ass their selfish schemes. With the sale of 52,000 law for regulating the sale of sale and spirits in the town.
and freely
prices are not higher. Cotton is still plenti- Of these, thirteen were against publicans, which were dis-
soete return y offered at prices which yields a VERY HAND- posed of as follows :—Two £5 each and costs, (second con-
The
cotton
to the manufacturer.
riected withotiviction,) one £4 and costs, three £5 each and costs, two £2
trade is on too large a scale, the parties con- each and costs, two £1 each and costs, two postponed, and reputation it here are too respectable, and jealous of their one acquitted. There were twelve informations against beer-
the prim ti, be guilty of any rig or combination to get up sellers, which were disposed of in the following manner :
since, nod ditt_was attempted by the Americans a few years one (second conviction,) £5 and costs, one (also a second
eaeknowled 'e
disaster and ruin were the result. But it is conviction,) £3 and costs, seven £2 and costs, one 10s. and
dues not
touch landPaoY
aged
on all hands that the present price of cotton costs, one postponed, and one acquitted. Total amount of
the grower for his outlay, and would throw fines, £76.
many other
eapitai. things
out of cultivation—a happy medium in this, as in FillE.—On Saturday afternoon, about half-past four o'clock
to ti rsts will invest when
whenfirethey
they see it to their interest so had broken out in the Old Quay Company's yard, at George's
think the low price of cotton an indncee Dock. In one corner of the yard were about five hundred
no reason , , even to ten times their present extent, we see crates of glass bottles, packed in straw, the property of the
uncalled for
they Maas
y not do so without incurring such Bank Quay Company. Three engines were quickly got into
Neraid ur remarks as those quoted from the Morning play, and the flames, which for a short time raged very
fiercely, were quickly quelled. About one hundred of the
lIIGHLY PROMISING---'-1.••=-".---"`"
crates were destroyed. It is supposed that some sparks
STATE OF THE WHEAT from the engine communicated the fire to the straw. The
CROPS. property was not insured.
We e
- -aye conversed----- ELECTION OF GOVERNOR OF THE WORKHOUSE.—The
experience i with a gentleman who has bad much deputation of gentlemen who went to the south to enquire
counties, n agriculture, and who frequently visits the corn into the system and success of the management of several
grain, are °a° the general condition of the growing crop of workhouses, which had been under the charge of some of the
which is I' the
ourselves of the :ratifying information with
fi"eeldhaicandidates remaining on the list as elegible for the vacancy
of the favoured us,—the result of a careful inspection of our House of Industry, were, it appears, detained ry. nn the Principal corn districts throughout the cumstances beyond their intended time. They were, how-
everwheatcrop is assures us that the present appearance of the ever,. expected' here last night, and we learn that in all pro-
witnessedthe rnost Promising that he remembers to have bability the election will take place this day. We are
strength or at this season of theyear, both as regards unable to state which of the nine will be the favoured
harvest is like]T ant and forwardness of rowth,—and that the
ilaidEtheepirria_os‘t
y to
weeeso afiendividu.al—eseveral of them having high claims to pre-
favoured be the gby three or
earliest, (probablyfour rence
productive, with which we have been
--low
STEALING COTTON.—Three persons, named Joseph Ma-
ifith ,as the pri'oe:ufsince the year 1827. With this prosect
kenzie, William Collister, and Robert Samuels, alias Stretch,
hosheinstant beingo4.vheat now are—the last ayeragecol [the
alias Hurst, were placed at the bar, on Friday, charged with
Price -the Probele'l. is•
6d.. per quarter, or
.;.). D
lift • • er
stealing a bale of cotton from the King's Dock quay, the pro-
s must 1 Ity—he is strongly of opinion, is, that
teost, continue to d l'
tool
- • a bushel, at te petty of M . ~ r Hydes, of Oldhall-street. It appeared that the
the
ends an rage ) . ec me, unas. .
cottonvesselwhichwas lying in the
was unloading from a
d before
I rice will have e submitte to
th
aeee °f
naveYeadock, and Makenzie was employed to assist removing
bee
tien of the growing He attributes the present
.fine appear-
bales to Mr. Hydes's warehouse, butithey ewerefbneotto
as ia 14e sell durin, thes
.thiefly to the superrioar_preeparra
taken until the evening of Thursday.
.lowever, prisoner
in 'sett '' eve
ma e plopitious summei o let
Y . s hired a cart, and was in the act of having the bales carted to
the 8 better conditio Y add, that the land was never perhaps
Launcelot's-hey, when the police interfered, and they were
neen•Pring of teen as a seed-bed for the spring-corn, since
taken into custody. Committed for trial.
Ing Pros corresponding season-182i, so that the
Pronesie Pct for thebeautiful button has
AGATE BUTTONS.—A new.and very .
The 'g yield of oats and barley is equally
just been produced, which claims our notice from its novelty
dieted vaieets or
' our in'orm.pre- of material and embellishments. The button is intended for
in the deonsiderable fall • ant (who. had some time.agof
d
all sorts of garments, being in different shapes, from the shit t
forei ecrease of in the price of grain,.notwiths. an
of
to the dress coat. The material is porcelain, and either in
least, suppiie sthe stock on hand, and
.irrespective . .
white,or beautifully ornamented with principal devices.
bv • s), appear also to be entertained so
traderfr a plain
who, th' Intelligent indie'd ' We were shown by the agents to the manufacturers some
eandidi'°ugli naturalla .i. uals engaged in the eto.ru ies
horn buttos which have all the finish and glossiness of the
circolarY
.hold
, out no prospectnx of ant
obtaig remunerlanist•ei
epreicern,
finest silk ;nay variety of devices appear upon them suitable to
taaY be (in Our last Publication,oanaelvsatBceinstant, and which the taste of the wearer. These buttons are much cheaper
Fr„ee•aled cd. the first ' dated. ~
is _
than silk, and more durable. We understand that Messrs.
Past, it aelous as
he
authority, it remarked . .
W • ; 1 t •nd Chidson are the only house who keep these
e corn trade has been for some time ooir.g i a oec appears
urriog to to become more irregular weekly, nothing sorts retail.
rather to de render it capable of the least improvement, but
case at e Press the value of every article. Such was the
Inten, eur market to-da fth chit
freely 'lnce of h e 1 ad a moderate
at euYers, wheat,
ofr ll CI t's
was offered
Week • a decline of 2d. ,o a e ion ,
of
' as
had per 701bs. from the rates last
risount,
s.. sales been practicable, beyond a mere retail
ewer ter use
holders appeared d', -d to accept even
and eoems• Flour was also
difficult
sell than ,ln the'arlly soine h so more to
erid corn cir w attcheaper. '
ay last, it i celar o. Messrs. R. Makin and Sons, dated
trail We have es also remarked :
intere this
,e_eperienced in every department of the corn
el)). estioeul_° cane, another excessively dull, heavy and un-
to Red aeeemket. In wheat, a few casual sales of very
Le-day, amount appeared to be the only transactions notified
sub y, though holders disposed to
sioticed,° any material decline were not generally
coke, a slay material
_, from the low rates previously.
de needed get anatement, notwithstanding, was partially
"reitio our was likewise in very slow request, and all
ss It is ih,ris rather
'apP•l ••"P°ssible cheaper.
tide ' Y soosewh , after. the long depression of trade, (now
aftelliate ein• 1 at reviving,) and the consequent want of
s r, 00, „ oYment of masses of r industrial classes,—
recente, LnePerils and ex ense in wl which the country has
s i
beenPossiele involved both P•
Peet n' we say' to • I b d 't is ine
at home and a roa ,--i -
itoseed9w before' wilt ihold our thankfulness for the pros-
% late soil us of an abundant harvest from our own
Ace niunit . • The general good and contentment of the
eues win I_ll will thus be promoted ins thou h some sacri-
als he "ave to he submitted to g by • cl. •
80tee 1 re and there consequence in ivi-
,,, °ss or i ~ no general benefit can arise without
-nconee tlet:ve, may h_
donenience to particular interests. Much.,
Provol things,'hto avert any severe pressure from this
erea " Manures •Ythe general introduction of the most ap-
oversed fertility t'on sufficient quantity, which, by giving in-
crea;"nie the precarious
home soils, would, a certain extent,
elterlel productie nous nature of our climate, and, by in-
avertitreatsi" °f our nt
On.
a .given area, be tantamount to an
national i territorial surface. This is a subject of
enit elected or ov importance though hitherto almost wholly
to aral soi,letooked,
e even by our most celebrated agri-
,ssebteit ell s• Vi 'e shall probably be enabled, ere long,
Z(‘)e hed stasesmmunication upon it, addressed to a distin-
Who nan from the '`Le' • •
wheat 41
we are indebted' per. intelligent gentleman
fail crop for our present information on the
en • , and
vets vvithio e. nded on facts and experiments that have
•e a els own kit owl edge nd • ow ege and that of others conversant
iuterest d •
e in • •
agrieultural improvements.
kr ........—.............,e_

CIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN
KNOWLEDGE.

_it the close
--
surer
„, . ,
.last of weerc James Pownall, Esq., the trea-
4,4nicua, this society, received the following anonymous corn-
, 011t:on, addressed to himself as treasurer
for
Promo.
tiriz c, 015ing over the accounts of the SocietylB42
kipe„
„nristin Knowled,c, for the there appears
that"tre face of them a'rery gross e3;re oa ir'. It'is
£583 13s
ll'herealeyre is a balance due to the treasurer of
.ti 1•!
expe --,,, tl.don ding up the different items of receipt and
tae tl(nture • - . of £416 6s 3d. in
, e ire ,It would appear there is a sum .
it cart Sr hands at the credit of the society. Perhaps
error h c explained through the STANDARD paper how the
is
"as arisen? WIt is quite clear from the accounts that it
e
Al ave been requested to give the following complete re-
Irtl,°,,the ner •
_u4let,t(l„asY• of the District Society for Promoting
u rteo„ 4nowledge informs an anonymou.s,
eht ,r)"?' correspondent, that the sum remitted to the Pa-
but not very
1148 icletQft London, for books during the past year, was
tile port d• not £l4B 18s. 13d ,as erroneously stated in
t)verstiec.,-L°ll just:issued. and ha't ;he error originated in.lan_
I;4Ppoii;7.tioati the part of Mr. Kirkey, the. society'stmraerckent,hyis
aarrteitle u l'a r i
tgenin t(
Iva th
el-ib
edser sell om inno otime
notice
tt
alongin g
to mark
others)
i. , ti,,.,ecti(n in the proo(faSieet.
iii,psequer these circumstances the treasurer cannot hold
°all i, resPonsible for what his correspondent is pleased to
t(l,t,h Thez
an grosse
aesr r 0 r . '
stated ,
glad eiftrea.slirer;', in the rerrpmort £583 13s. 9d.. due
to„ this 1 , therefore, only correct,' and he will be
pi "eut tt, explanation should lead is anonymous corres-
i °re a affOrd his aid in liquidatin, so large a debt, to a
,eeo °llrate 'ae •
a,
Repaw 41,2_ qsuaintance with the largeb sums which have
the Parent Society,
thealr as to ia`ithrmot-rer Yearsra,t o
(. for
rknboowlesdtgoe of the usefulness of
tr It rpieAt society itself inceffecting their distribution." .
th,,,,hle oft!'ll,,v,e_Occurred to the querist, had he been at the
that arnop,..`,-",.,-. the two sums mentiond. in his letter, that
that the 'l,, exactly to £lOOO, and he might hare surmised
‘'e inac::ssion of a single figure would have occasioned
'cY, which is the simple fact.

LOCAL NEWS

Dii,
which this
torice,rLtuAßNloNic CoNcERT. The late hour at
110tjee 4opeluded last evening, compels us to postpone"• our
l'H ndaY next.
vtilis OtivtRPOOL DOCKS BILL—The second reading of
Nels:w°r regulating the mode of ad measurement of foreign
t5,4:11.4, Lials,:Ppointed for Monday (yesFteriddaayy.
week this bill
reoorretPorted to °t(lii re
1-91-AS
BlLfLCnOlmnonsr. On Tuesday the
IV, 'l4B considered,°''asned of
amendmentso agreed to,d. and
v Op Tuesday the bill was read a third time and
; titiei, (i)pdaY last the breviate, (~f the Liverpool Fire Pre-
-41
c'4l' I ill' which was noticed in a letter signed " Alpha,"
IN airi4st OtnaTher, as eontaininr, some objectionable causes,
t :' on the table of the Holise of Commons.
bhht°,lllv(4)l. WATERING BILL —This bill, which has b.een,
"-1 ev,,elto Parliament by the • Commissioners for. sin
'lllg,Lws eel.rsage, and for the promotion of which a public meett.e,,`"e II ZItlY beld was on Thursday last, read a first time
')cr,, -"e °f Co coons.
Irtii ~,It:ItAL E ,
n Sunday last, after two
L,-„'e s'ulir); 5,,L,5t• Andrirvewl''sTaNu.rTh°, by the Rev. Hugh Stfoorwed,le,
,it"P,Pott 4',A112 was collected in a4t. "
, Jude,‘,e schools in connectionalildweintlf tilLetfcahnudrsch; and
:11,01d tc,:i! oh the same day, the co c tiOns for the schools
+Neile_ %,mt church, after two sermons by the Rev. Hugh
jalLivti;l,alllourited to £lO3 ss. 4d.
aOhig. 1,u,?1' PtMALE ORPHAN ASYLUM.—On Sunday
be`," of 32',1., after a sermon by the Rev. B. A Marshall, the
VhtZ,k of tkl-s,..(Jd.was collected, at St. Mark's C. urcl for the
e,. lqt,js i,iteresting institution ; and at the_ same' time,
ill „Gb', Y 8 Church, Icirkdale, after a sermon by the. Rev.
'lq ft} " of Aigburth, the sum of £l7 was contributed
\II le sauce t•
re, e 6, euject. Tellers 4,!, Pleasure in Canino. the attention of those of our
eet},le Je\",,,", the Public who are interested in the conversion
the shq (4,'„n, the east to a public meeting to be held in the
Of 414`..ev.. ,f,"e'oe,°,,,Rodney-street, to-morrow evening,
detail'e
Parts ' Nssio ? "dinuel, a converted Jew, will give
ad
other
fore Of ,n in the Holy Land &c., in which, an
1,4, of (1.'14 he travelled for a l'iumber of years for the Pur-
ill‘)thigir,e,loitiating the knowledge of the Gospel among
,110 doki-b'tc,Oku_ntryrne.n,
th, 'AiN, 4 ''',: very intereTtltelgrev. gentleman's address
I)(2ar'lartrintic;ArrNsT A BeNaPIT SOCIETY.--The officers of
)I'°lied befor'Y "dge of the Order of Modern Druids ap-
bity :4 by j e Mr. Rushton on Saturday, having been surn-
tilliltip t''ertai:sePh Crook, to show cause why they refused to
ta4) hi,h (j,,84,..41 of money which he claimed as the allowance
tottopit had-007, a recent sickness. It appeared that the
Ilti(l.t t: ante stnerelY gone on one occasion to receive sodirie
celve ont per raihvay by his brother, and that he , (I,
41,1 th‘leerhr.atl"etriY 11,,coefit from it. Mr. Rushton. (lid not think
;1t e[ore ()torment as to take the plaintiff off the box,
rt.e, 4Aekies
I,ered the money to be paid.
''')l
hi the
''-- I"C"°RTE AND -MUSC BAZAAR.—Wvee.
,4, og owtuvertiserneut, that Mr. Dreaper has rem?
tltipelieqNiusieuillew Premises in 80ld-street. He sty.les themr_as
tl,ttlev,, 41, 4
stao2c; Ur," W.hiCh the spirited proprimetoa
cohn.
kkthei h 4 c.)f that ic that will, no doubt, ensure to hi_
Itie
,kti Patronage which he has hitherto for many
'iolrj,,
01'11
whiheiri,ted.
g I
4 0,4(4, Illiarrn
,ch Nliss Weller is to perform t , ,
i is evening,
We have seen the repeater
tit Ss of \'').,i''e Concert. It is one of the most superb
tillikb.vvillbe it'2,l,lssrs• Collard and Collard.
Olka ''''l/ . °sPection at Mr. D.'s bazaa\r\.'e understand
the
gli e c.,f f, LAD IMl'll B
0 Thursday, .
1.4' ivil ,01114,0,_ OvtNitsT BILL.—
On the foi&s Solved
.itself into committee'' ons
etsh.
ei
.s.
4 0t4)5 iv re 'l'w,o, aunisinr, colloquy took place.
v'll-citiee tilieestllit)f)°Bied
be read
Ot,‘ trine „. hp
4 -ng put that one of the clauses be
sir,
01 tat " r• Iln amidst'' much noise and confusion,
111 1)4, e (lo me rese and said—Please to
chairman,
tht Ive
,i, the
cling'a (A laugh) Mr. Greene l'itiNti te oh, n'e• Mr. 11 time : I wantetnoel;no the
w9ain pUt
,p he , (Roars f 1
ttt'rlet4ll,o4t, as f,, _ 0 aughter) Mr.
_G
h reeuneestion of the
sir, what
ktrteupt•ofor AtocitarSoWsee comd gather,
rte e.q
d The clauses
, a hd the repowratsbrirooutg7tswupe arid receievd.

NEEDLEWORK PICTURE.—We had the pleasure of inspect-
ing a few days ago a very beautiful specimen of needlework,
the production of the Misses Oils, of Warwick-street. The
subject is a hunting party in the East, and consists of several
figures on horseback, with wild boar and dog. The lights
and shades are extremely well managed, and give the ap-
pearance of a finished oil painting. The tall grass, from the
midst of which the boar appears to be roused, is beautifully
worked. The figures are splendidly executed and correctly
made out. The colours are vivid in the extreme. As a speci-
men of handy work, industry, and perseverance, this tableau
may compete with some of the tapestries of old. It has occu-
pied the Misses 011 is upwards of a twelvemonth. The size is
7 feet 7 in length, and 6 feet 5 in width. The picture is
framed in a rich rosewood and gold mounting. It is to be
disposed of by subscription.
STABBING BY A BLIND MAN.—Peter Callighan, a blind
man, residing in Lace-street, was, on Saturday, charged with
having stabbed police-officer Dixon. It appeared, that, be-
tween twelve and one o'clock, on Friday night, the officers
were called into Lace-street by a woman, who stated that
her husband was pursuing her with a knife. They found the
street in some disorder, and discovered that the prisoner was
keeping the street in disorder, and, as they could not induce
him to go home, the officers determined on taking him to
bridewell. The prisoner ran into an entry and Dixon followed
and seized him by the collar. The prisoner took out a large
clasp knife and began to cut savagely at Dixon's arm, which
he severely wounded in three places, severing one of the
arteries. Dixon went to the Northern Hospital, where his
wounds were dressed. The prisoner was committed for trial
at the assizes.

AFFLICTING OCCURRENCE.—On the morning of Friday
week Mr. James Taylor, a respectable gentleman, residing at
Birkenhead, and who until lately carried on the business of a
timber merchant there, was found weltering in his blood in a
field contiguous to the railway station. He was immediately
removed to the house which ha formerly occupied, when Mr.
Liddell, apothecary and chemist, of Birkenhead, attended,
and found that the unfortunate gentleman had inflicted a gash
in his throat in width about four or five inches, and extend-
ing over the gullet. The wound was immediately stitched
up, and the usual remedies applied. It is supposed that the
unhappy man committed the rash attempt in consequence of
being recently reduced in circumstances. On Friday even-
ing he was so far recovered as to be enabled to write a letter
to his wife, and he appeared very solicitous about her and
his children. Oa the morning in question he had gone out
with the avowed intention of taking a walk, and when he
was found he had a razor in Itis hand.
COMMITINUNT:=A boy named Thomas Daniels was yes-
terday brought before Mr, Rushton, on a charge of having
stolen from a respectable female by whom he was employed,
a cape, a scarf, and other articles of dress. He had, it ap-
peared, without promise being held out to him, afterwards
confessed that be had taken them, and sold them to a man
named Ford, a tailor, in London-road, who had given him
the small sum of Is. 6d. for them, though they were worth
I3s. or Ids. It came out also that the prisoner, who had
previously robbed the complainant, had also sold to the
same man some time ago, two pieces of calico, at a price far
below the value. Ford appeared in court, and endeavoured
to explain away these transactions, but failed. There was,
however, not sufficient evidence against him to enable the
magistrate to convict him, the only witness being the boy
himself. Mr. Rushton strongly remarked that he (Ford)
was the greatest delinquent, and lamented that he could not
send him for trial. The boy was committed for trial at the
sessions.

SEAMEN'S WAGES.—On Friday eight persons belonging
to the ship Caledonia, which has arrived in this port from
New Orleans, summoned the captain of the vessel for non-
payment of their wages. It appeared that he had been obliged
to employ a boarding-master at New Orleans to procure him
hands. He had in this way made up the number he required,
paying from 18 to 30 dollars for the passage. However, it
was soon found out that most of the hands were totally in-
competent for the task they had undertaken, either from
sickness or other causes, and, in consequence, during a great
portion of the voyage, the ship was manned by only about
half a dozen hands, instead of more than double that number.
In three cases Mr. Rushton decided that the men were en-
titled to £3 Is. 6d., and 165., and dismissed the other cases,
at the same time severely reprehending the practice of taking
such hands on board without first ascertaining whether they
were competent or not. The captain said they were obliged
to do so, for as soon as the vessel arrived at New Orleans all
the hands ran away for the purpose of trying to get better
wages.

ASSAULT.—Richard Jones was on Saturday, charged by
Charlotte Henry with ha iring violently assaulted her. The
girl stated that she was returning along Basnett-street from
the Liver Theatre, on Friday night, when the defendant
met her, and having struck her violently on the mouth, pro-
ceeded to beat her very severely. He was the keeper of a
brothel, and she recently lodged with him; but, as he per-
mitted robbery in his house, and she refused to comply with
his commands, and he had manifested great towards
her. She was so weak from the blows which he inflicted
upon her that she was compelled to go home in a car. She
had been at home but a short time when the defendant
rushed into the house, accompanied by two women, and
again ill-treated her. The defendant brought some witnes-
ses forward who said the complainant was drunk, but a
police-officer said she was, perfectly sober. 111 r. Rushton
said, assaults which which were committed by men on wo-
men were, generally, very base and dastardly ; but the worst
description of assaults were those committed by fellows who
kept brothels, on the poor, defenceless, and degraded women
who come under' their power. The defendant was ordered
to pay a fine of £2 10s. and costs, or to be imprisoned one
month. He was further to find bail, himself in £5O and two
sureties in £25 each, for his good behaviour, or be impriso-
ned two months.

DEFECTIVE STATE OF OUR MARITIME LAWS.-At the
police-court, yesterday, a seaman, named Daniel O'Hara.
who had arrived a fortnight ago in the bargue Charles, from
Savanilla, applied to Mr. Rushton for an order on the cap-
tain for the amount of wages due to him, amounting to £6 is.
Captain John V. Giles, an intelligent young man, said he had
been in command of the ship during the voyage, and, that
lie did not dispute the claim made, nor other similar claims,
which would doubtless vet be made by others of his crew.
He was, however, peculiarly and painfully situated. The
ship was owned at, and hailed from London, He had been
sent by the owners from London to take charge of her, and
under their directions had her fitted up for the voyage in a
suitable and economical manner, and had drawn bills on the
owners in behalf of the several tradesmen who had done
work, or supplied stores or other articles. He had made a
successful voyage, the vessel having earned a large amount
of freight. On his return to this port, he made out and gave
in all his bills ; but he found that they were all returned un-
paid, that the ship was mortgaged far beyond her value; that
an agent was sent down who had received the freight ; that
he had paid so far as he could out of his own pocket, (and
which he did not expect would be returned,) that he had
since been assailed by the creditors at his house and else-
where every day ; and that he found on consultin . two re-
spectable solicitors that he could not attach the ship or the
freight. In this dilemma, he being only a servant of the
owners, lie wished the advice, and, if possible, the aid of the
magistrate. Mr. Rushton said that the applicant could by
law claim his wages either from the captain, or from the
owner or owners, and the claim not being disputed, the de-
fendant must pay the man's wages, for which he (Mr. Rush-
ton) was obliged by law to make an order. He, however,
advised the defendant to consult his attorney—some respect-
able man—who would instruct him how to act. Captain
Giles said that he would do so, but he could not help re-
marking, that while Liverpool was proverbial for administer-
ing justice to seamen, (through the Merchant Seamen's Act)
there was no legal protection extended to captains and mates,
from such acts of owners or agents, as those of which he
complained ; and by which they might be totally ruined
in their property and prospects. Had the ship been in
London, he could have commenced process in the Lord
Mayor's court, which would have enabled him to attach the
ship and freight for the payment of the debts, he being
only a servant of the owners. Mr. Rushton said that
no such privilege existed here, and repeated his injunc-
tion to employ a professional adviser. Meantime the order
must be issued against him, and if he did not pay, his goods
or other property would be brought to sale.—Captain Giles
said he could not complain of the decision as it was legal, but
he considered his position one of great and unmerited
hard-
ship,—arising out of the defective state of the maratuueiltawset.
He then left the court. We understand the ship
wholly discharged, and that, though she made about is
12(100
so
of freight, Captain Giles has no lien upon her • nor can he,
from the circumstances under which she is placed, raise any
money upon her. What the result will be remains to be seen.

On Wednesday evening, Captain Irwin, master and owner
of the brig Jean, of Carlisle, lying at Fathaw, near ewrY,
while assisting the men it: :N
turning the windlass, fell down
apparently dead. Captain Irwin was formerly master of the
City of Carlisle steamer, which traded from Warrenpoult to
Liverpool.

THE IRON COLONNADE OP Tim LIVERPOOL AND LEEDS
JUNCTION RAILWAY.—The following description of this
massive but elegant structure at Hunt's Bank, Manchester,
may not prove unacceptable to our readers. The colonnade
is 738 feet in length and 24 feet wide, and is supported on 52
cast-iron columns, each weighing about four tons. These
carry 46 main girders, averaging six and a halt tons each ;
and upon the latter rest the ends of the longitudinal girders,
of which there are 86, varying from 34- tons to 52 tons in
weight. The columns stand in pairs, at intervals of 28 feet;
and the height of the main girders from the pavement of the
street below is 18 feet. The columns are of elegant propor-
tions and by no means so squab and thick as those of the
ancient Egyptian temples. Each column rises from a strong
base, about a foot high, and has a button or mushroom-formed
head ; from which springs the favourite reeded or fluted ca-
pital of the Egyptian architecture. In the upper work (con-
sisting of the girders and parapet), which forms a noble frieze
or entablature above the columns, is placed over each pillar
a paunch, containing two figures of a species of winged ser-
pent, one of the favourite embellishments of the Egyptian
architecture ; and by this sparing but judicious use of orna-
ment, the general effect is heightened of the chasteness of-
the design, and the massive character of the structure. Tile
whole will be fenced off on the side next the New Bailey
prison by a cast-iron screen, eleven feet in height; the top
of which will be seven feet above the rails when they are laid.
The necessity for this high screen (to shut out the prison)
requires great massiveness in the whole structure ; and the
style which has been adopted, as most in accordance with
this requirement, is a modification of the Egyptian ; which
was also the more requisite i❑ consequence of the columns
standing along the centre of the street.—a position which
would not be adapted to the plainest of the Grecian orders.
The columns stand upon stone basements, which project
about one foot above the pavement, and give firmness and
solidity of appearance to the structure. There will be about
1,020 tons of iron work in the whole. The spaces between
the longitudinal girders will be filled in with brick arches,
and on the ballast over these the rails will be laid. The
whole is rapidly progressing towards completion, and will
probably be finished i❑ about two months.

THE HONEST (?) LEAGUERS

So Quaker BRIGHT, .
That Rochdale wight,
Will put in no disclaimer,
But BROUGH Am's hit
Has caus'd a "split!"
And wrung the truth from HAMER!

" EDUCATION !".

•" ROBBERY !"

VATTX

Eustace Giles's speech at Leeds, March 23, 1843,

Dissenters, now, are ill at ease,
E'en " education" cannot please !
" Teach not (they cry) th' untutor'd man
" Unless you teach him on—our plan 1"

CORRESPONDENCE,

VENTILATION OF CHURCHES AND PUBLIC

BUILDINGS

(CONCLUDED FROM OUR LAST.)

TO THE EDITOR OF THE LIVERPOOL STANDARD,

If any one be doubtful that a constant supply of fresh air
is necessary to life and health, after the facts I have related,
their doubt may easily he removed. Let them confine a
mouse under a glass jar, full of air, arranged so that no fresh
air can enter in from without. In proportion as the oxygen
is consumed, the animal will begin to shew symptoms of
uneasiness, similar to those experienced by persons in a
crowded building where no provision is made for ventilation
(as in many of our churches). In a while longer the animal
will pant in its breathing, as if to dilate its lungs to the ut-
most, struggling for air. In a few hours it will die con-
vulsed : so necessary is a constant supply of air to life and
health in all animals.

The effects of want of ventilation on the human system are
different in different individuals. Its action being directly
on the blood, it tends to produce that disease or disorder to
which there may be a predisposition in the party suffering
the effects of it. In some way or other it cannot but be de-
cidedly injurious to all. The venous blood, being allowed
to pass through the lungs unaerated, acts like a slow poison
on the system- One very general effect from it is, a cold-
ness in the extremities, accompanied by frequent headaches.
This coldness arises from the deficiency of oxygen also. The
union of the oxygen of the air with the carbon in the venous
blood, is the means of the generation of heat for the warmth
of the body ; and of course therefore, if the oxygen be defi-
cient in quantity, there will also be a deficiency of heat.
This is especially felt by ladies, and all who have not much
outdoor exercise.

Dr. Combe, in speaking of churches, says—" If 1,000
people be confined in a church for 11 hours, and no provision
be made for ventilation, for a renewal of its air and the
escape of the breathed air," (as in most churches in this
town,) " what will be the result? 1,000 people will require
for their health, in that time, 4,000 hhds. of air. If no pro-
vision be made for this, by openings in the roof for escape,
and at the bottom for supply, healthy respiration is impossi-
ble." Yet so wholly are considerations of this kind without
influence on the public mind, that in this and almost every
large town, churches and halls for 1,000 to 3,000 persons are
built without any means of ventilation, except such as may
serve to let off the surplus heat in summer. When these
places are filled for some hours, the consequences are suffi-
ciently marked. It is impossible to look around us towards
the close of the service in one of these churches, and not see
the effects in the expression of feature of every one present.
Either a relaxed sallow paleness or a hectic flush is observa-
ble, and, as the necessary accompaniment, a sensation of
mental and bodily weariness is felt. I know churches in
which, during winter, not only no means of ventilation are
employed during service, but even between services the win-
dows are kept closed, as if deadly infection, and not air, were
outside; and where, consequently, the congregation must
inhale for hours an exceedingly corrupted air, and suffer the
penalty in colds, and bilious and nervous attacks. Dr.
Combe once attended a church where the windows were all
shat, and, in consequence, the open door was of little use in
supplying the air for the breathing of so many people, there
being no egress for the expended air. At the conclusion of
the service, he heard one general complaint of headache,
sickness, and oppression ; and the reality of suffering was
amply attested by the pale and wearied appearance__even of
the most robust. How frequently scenes of this kind might
be witnessed in our many crowded churches in this town !
I know of many instances of suffering from it. St. Jude's,
I believe, is the only church where we have any adequate
provision for ventilation—at least where the means are made
use of, if they exist—except in the summer season. But to
draw to a conclusion. There is scarcely a day passes in
which a well-employed physician does not meet with some
victim of the popular ignorance on this subject—of some
instance where health has suffered, or recovery been retard-
ed, by a disregard of pure air to the wellbeing of the animal
economy.

I am afraid, sir, you will think I am trespassing at very
great length upon your kindness ; but I think you will not
think I have said more than the importance of the matter
justifies. A few words more, and I have done. I could
quote Dr. Jackson, an army physician, shewing the suffering
produced in the army before ventilation was attended to
there. I could quote Dr. Carmichael, who shews that dis-
ease was induced by the want of it, in Dublin, in a public
institution, to a great extent; and that when ventilation was
attended to, the disease vanished. But I must not say more.
This requirement of our body is disregarded to an extent
which will appear incredible when the absolute necessity of
it is better understood.

If, in compiling and arranging these remarks for your
paper, I am the means of drawing the attention of those
connected with the management of any of our public build-
ings to this important subject, I am confident they will see
the necessity of, and their responsibility in, supplying that
building with air, and thereby preventing an amount of hu-
man suffering—who knows how great ? Should this be the
case, which I would fain hope, it will amply repay me any
trouble I have had in preparing these statements.
Thanking you most sincerely for the room in your excel-
lent journal,
I am, sir, your most obedient servant,
A YOUNG PHYSIOLOGIST.

On Monday, the St. Helen's Waterworks Bill was read a
second time, and referred to the committee of selection.
A case of bigamy is now occupying the attention of the
Monmouth magistrates, which creates great interest in the
neighbourhood. The subject of the proceedings is a very in-
teresting young woman, 21 years of age, named Eliza Ann
Dent, otherwise Morgan. The charge against the prisoner
is, " That she did feloniously intermarry with one Richard
Stanley Wall, her husband, Edward Dent, being then alive.
The Standing Orders Committee have reported, " That,
in the case of the Manchester Stipendiary Magistrate peti-
tion, the standing orders ought not to be despensed with ;"
and the bill, therefore, cannot be brought i❑ this session.
THE EARTIIQUAKE.—The Newcastle (on Tyne) Journal
says that the earthquake was distinctly felt in that town. It
was also experienced in Dumfries, betwixt twelve and one
o'clock.

THE ARNOLD TESTIMONIAL.—Many of our readers will
be pleased to hear that the subscriptions to this testimonial
have reached upwards of £B,BOO.
The Cornwall assizes commenced at Bodmin on Wednes-
day. Among the cases is an indictment of Frederick Peter
Statton (who, by the bye, on his card assumes the affix M.A.)
for falsely pretending to Jenny Francis, from his skill in
witchcraft and sorcery, to discover where certain lost or
stolen property might be found.
CHURCH-RATES.—Sir H. Jenner Fust delivered judgment
in the celebrated Braintree church-rate case, and as far as we
can understand the conflicting opinions, it appears to be in di-
rect contradiction to the well known decision of the court of
common law. The learned judge said, the leading point in
the case was, if the minority and the churchwardens could
make a rate that was voted after the majority had refused one,
the vestry being still sitting. He then alluded to several de
cisions, and concluded as follows :—" Is this rate a valid one ?
Can it he supported by law, by authority, by principle, and
by reason? The churchwardens have to see that the church
is repaired ; was it reasonable that they should pay the ex-
pense ? The parishioners, when they become owners or oc-
cupiers of lands or tenements in a parish, know that by the
common law of the land they are subject to the payment of
rates for the repairs of the church. How could they be re-
lieved ? They could not relieve themselves from the obliga-
tion by any vote of theirs. The tax existed long before they
met to consider it. The church required repair long before
they who opposed the rate voted against it. The estimate of
the repairs required had been made out before they voted
against the rate. Making a rate and imposing a tax seem to
be two very different things. The churchwardens had sub-
mitted estimates of the expense of the repairs required.
There was no objection to the estimates ; there was no objec-
tion that the rate was too large, but they would not have a
rate at all. They took on themselves to alter the law, and
they had no right to do so. They had not done their luty ;
they were resolved not to repair the church, which by law
they were compelled to do. What would be the effect if their
decision should be upheld ? The court could have no diffi-
culty in citing authorities upon the point. It was good as a
general position that the rate should be made with the con-
sent of the majority of the parishioners in vestry assembled.
The Court of Queen's Bench had repudiated it, but, on
a careful consideration of it, he (Sir H. Jenner Fust) thought
it bore him out in the opinion entertained on this case.
The parishioners had no right to vote against any rate at
all. The cases of voting in corporations for persons
not qualified for office had been cited in argument. It had
been said their votes were thrown away, and that the mino-
rity who voted for a properly qualified person, would return
the individual disqualified. The votes of those who refused
the tax already imposed upon them were illegal. They have
ninoadrieghbtyttohriyjnhoerrietysh,ovualsd
innotthbies acuiyseragt,e,oadt. all. The o
deto
decision
ratas
the
ofl ne
circumstances,tgior grant titt
oa it,p prevent
ywe Thera,st
had been found that a rate so made was illegal. Lgcnoodouldiiio
prin-
cipleftalice tn,
thatsutop ptaoll,lretterhdaetiecti.wrcauTsuhti.iseetcacenhscisie,risao,wfraetraldisieosnnes,adaselid,t—haolilroitottykdy,a,
not
get a rateous
ofbut
and
i must
courti t ;
be
btlei
reversed.el
,v7e, sut rnyd under
As
uwouldcptri
judgmentetl
erroneous,
octcourt
urt admitting the libel might be obtained--
error may he applied for—or the case might go up on writ
of
to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. The court
expressed a desire that an appeal from its present decision
t
might be presented, as then the whole points would be set-
tled. If not, the court would proceed to enforce the rates.
The court reversed the sentence of the learned judge of the.
Consistory Court; retained the principal causes ; and directed
the libel to be admitted to proof. No order was made for the
present as to costa."