The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-07-25 00:00:00

DIED.

At the Cape, DANIEL PRIMROSE. Esq., late of Tralee,
nephew of General Sir M. O'Connell, Commander of the Forces
at New South Wales.
At Witherslack, Westmoreland, aged 68, the Rev. J. DAVY--
SON. 65 years minister of that place.
On the loth ult., at his brother's house, in Pratt's-buildings,
Bishopwearmouth, after a short illness, LUKE HALL, Esq., of
Great George-square, of the firm of Hall and Roose, of Liver-
pool, ship-owner and ship-chandler, aged 60, deeply regretted by
a large circle of friends.
On the 6th instant, at Bakewell, in the county of Derby, aged
83, JOHN WILLIAMS, Esq., late of the Royal Engineers,
Malta, which situation he held for twenty-five years. He was
an intimate friend of John Horne Tooke, and the last of those
persons who, with him, were arrested on a charge of high
treason.
On the 7th instant, at Newcastle-upon-Tyne, agel 73, the
Rev. JAMES WORSWICK, forty-eight years Roman Catholic
priest in that town.
On the 9th instant, aged 70, Mr. THOMAS BRADBURN,
Craddock-street, Preston, many years judge at Preston races.
On the oth instant, aged 28, MARY, wife of Mr. T. HAWKS-
WORTH, St. James's street.
On the 10th instant, at his seat, Torpoint, Cornwall, aged 74,
Rear-Admiral Sir JAMES HILLYAR, K.C.8., and K.C.H. His
decease was very sudden, he having attended divine service on
the previous evening.
On the 12th instant, aged 73, JOSIAH WEDGWOOD, Esq.,
of Maer in Staffordshire.
Same day, in Dennison-street, aged 51, Mr. WILLIAM
OWENS, of this town.
On the 12th instant, at Leeds, aged 56, Mrs. SARAH SKIL-
BECK, of this town, ooth of Leeds.
On the 13th instant, at Kent-house, Knightsbri.lge, the Hon.
AUGUSTUS ALGERNON VILLIERS, R.N., brother to the
Hon. C. P. Villiers. M.P. for Wolverhampton.
Same day, at Burniston. aged 89, Mr. JAMES TOWNEND.
Same day, at Hull, in her geth year, Mrs. MARY HILL.
On the 14th instant, Captain JENKIN JONES, R.N., one of
the elder brethren of the Trinity-house, who was accidentally
drowned, off Padstow, whilst engaged on a survey in the Bristol
Channel.
Same day, accidentally drowned, while engaged on a survey
in the Bristol Channel, Captain RICHARD DREW. F.R.S., and
one of the elder brethren of the Trinity-house.
ta Same day, LOUISA, second daughter of Mr. JAMES PEERS,
Fairfield, West Derby.
Same day, at his father's honse, Goulborne, near Newton, of
a decline, in his 19th year, JAMES SMITE!, nephew of Mr.
Kershaw, Ormskirk, who was educating him at the Warrington
Model School, with the intention of removing him at Christ-
mas next to .the Diocesan Training School, Chester. While
under the care of the Hou. and Rev. Horace Powys and the
other masters at Warrington, he gave proof of good abilities.
Same day, at the house of her friend, the Rev. T. s_myth,
York-crescent. Clifton, BARBARA FRANCIS, eldest daughter
of the late HENRY CLAY, Esq. of this town.
Same day, at Driffield, aged 58, Mr. T. HOLMES.
On the 15th instant, aged 50, Mr. CHARLES CALVERT.
tanner.
Same day, at her residence, Wood-end, near Chichester, Lady
MARY LOUISA LENNOX, only surviving sister of the late
Duke of Richmond, and aunt of the present Duke. She was
born Nov. 2, 1760, and was, consequently, in her 83rd year.
Same day, at Birmingham, MARIANNE ELLEN, the infant
daughter 01 the late Mr. GEORGE GLOVER, of this town.
On the 16th instant, at her house, in Queen-street, Chester.
aged 93, JANE, relict of the late ROWLAND JONES. Esq.
Same day, at 47, Steyne, Brighton, aged 85, Miss REBECCA
BOND, many years a resident of that town, and formerly of the
United States of America.
Same day, in Hull, aged 100 years, WILLIAM GEAGAN ;
also a few hours afterwards, aged 98, ANN, his wife.
On the 17th instant, Miss GEE, of Holly Wood, Stockport, a
lady much respected.
Same day, at his residence, in Erskine-street, aged 81, EDW.
RIGG, Esq.
Same day, in Islington, in his 79th year, Mr. CHRISTOPHER
IMESON, formerly of Masham, Yorkshire, and for many years
a well-known and successful instructor of youth in the Isle of
Man.

.`,:ame day, at her residence, Sydney-place, Edge-hill, after
protracted sufferings, borne with exemplary patience and re-
signation to the Divine will, aged 76, Mrs. ANN WILLIAMS.
relict of the late Mr. Nathaniel Williams.

Same day, at Richmond, in her 92nd year, Mrs. REAY.
Same day, at Rugeley, after a protracted illness, Mr. JOHN
COX, tanner, aged 57 years. His loss will be long and severely
felt by a numerous family, and regretted by a large circle of
acquaintance.
On the 18th instant, at Thistle Cottage, Fortis Green, Finchley,
aged 8 years, youngest son of Mr. WILSON, the vocalist.
Same day, at Collyhurst-road, in her 90th year, Mrs. MAR-
GARET ECKERSLEY.
On the 19th instant, after a lingering illness, Mr. JAMES
BLACKFORD.
Same day, at her father's house, Dingle-head, in the 30th year
of her age, MARY, the wife of EDWARD DUNCAN, Esq., and
eldest daughter of William Foster, Esq.
Same day, suddenly, at his residence in Leeson-street, Dublin,
the Right Honourahle JOHN RADCLIFF, LL.D., Judge of the
Irish Prerogative Court.
On the 20th instant, aged 53 years, Mr. SAMUEL MARROW,
Sutton, St. Helen's, for the last 33 years agent to Messrs.
Bournes and Robinson ; he lived universally respected, and
died deeply regretted by a numerous circle of relatives and
friends. His end was peace.
Same day, in the 68th year of her age, ELLEN, wife
of Mr. JOHN WOODRUFF, import surveyor of her Majesty's
Excise, of this town. She was a good and affectionate wife and
a kind mother, and was much beloved and respected by all who
knew her.
me d; -it his residence, Chester-street, Mr. EDWARD

Same day, a:. ...is
EDWARDS, aged 66 years.
On the 22nd instant, in his 78th year, deeply regretted, HUGH
MATTHIE, Esq., of Islington, in this town, and o: New-hall,
Cheshire.
Same day, at his mother's, JOHN, fourth son o' Mrs. MAR-
GARET WHITEHEAD, Regent-street, in the 20th year of his
age.
On the :3rd instant, at his residence, Fishergate-hill, Preston,
Capt. WM. LUNT, late of the 93rd Highlanders, aged 71.

TIDE TABLE.
Days. Mrn. Evn. Height. Holydays, c.
. 5. U. 51. F. I.
Tuesday 25 g 52 10 14 13 2 St. James.
Wedges. 26 10 94 10 54 14 10 St. Anne.
Thurs.. 27 11 14 11 34 16 4 Mars sets 1111 26m ev.
Friday... 28 11 33 -- 17 8 Mercury in Perihelion.
Saturday 29 013 033 18 5 Jupiter rises 8h 42m ev.
Sunday. 30 053 113 19 0 7th Sunday after Trinity
Monday 31 1 33 1 54 18 8

NORTHERN HOSPITAL, JULY 22.
[WEEKLY REPORT.]
ADNIITTED.
Accidents l6 I Cured 26
Medical and Surgical cases Attending as Out Patients. 7
Upon recommendation ... 9 Irregular
- Died
Total
Remaining in the Hospital . . 72.

DISCHARGED.

House Visiters, James Heyworth and Robert P. Carter, Esqrs.
Treasurer, R. W. Bateson, Esq.
__

Chaplain. Rev. Wm. Hughes.--House.urgeon, Mr. Parker.

PREMIUMS OF INSURANCE AT LLOYD'S.

Outward.

Horne.

LONDON itt LIVERPOOL,
to

Jamaica
Leeward Isl. Dem. & Berbic
Honduras
Havana
New York, Boston
Charleston, Savannah
New Orleans
Canada
British North America
Newfounaland
Brazils
River Plate
East Indies

1 25s Od@ 30 0
20 0 0 0
40 0 0 0
35 0 40 0
40 0 0 0
30 0 0 0
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0 0- 0 0

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New South %Vales .

Cape of Good Hope
Africa
Gibraltar
Lima, Valparaiso, B,c.
Malta, Sicily, &c.
Smyrna and Constantinople
Malaga
Madeira
Western Isles, Cape de Verds'
Lisbon
Cadiz
France
Holland
Hamburg, Bremen, &c.
Gottenburg, Stockholm
Petersburg, Riga, &c.

Oporto

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TUESDAY MORAING, JULY 25, 1843.

" Had the rate of mortality in Liverpool been
thus reduced to that in Birmingham, nearly 40,000
lives would have been saved in the parish of Liver-
pool during the interval which has elapsed since
these recommendations were offered to the notice of
the Common Council (in 1802). Could the rate of
mortality NOW be reduced to that of Birmingham,
1250 lives would lie ANNUALLY saved"!
In this closing sentence of 1)r. Duncan's able
pamphlet is our ample excuse for returning to the
subject which we agitated in our last publication ;
viz, the adoption, at once, of some sweeping and
copious measures for the improvement of the sani-
tory condition of our town. Twelve hundred and
fifty.perishing human beings annually warn us, by
their premature deaths, to put forth eur energies to
stay that pestilence which is generated so fearfully
in our streets. We cannot look on with folded
hands ; we cannot stand by and calmly contemplate
the progress of this awful mortality. We can no
longer delegate our duty, with respect to it, to the
Council, or to any body, public or private. It is
the affair of the community; and to the community
we now address ourselves upon the subject of the
remedy or remedies to he adopted.
We have already referred to the importance of the
formation of spacious thoroughfares through the
crowded parts of the town ; and we now turn to the
consideration of another remedial course, viz. the
better sewering of the whole town. Within the
past twelve years, under the existing sewerage act,
considerable progress has been made in this impor-
tant branch of sanitory regulation. Dr. Duncan
states it as his conclusion, arrived at by examination
of a recent map published by the Commissioners of
Sewers, that of the 57 miles of inhabited streets within
the parish of Liverpool, 25 are either wholly or
partially sewered. There are therefore 32 miles of
streets or courts for which no underground drainage
is prepared, and the state of which must, in conse-
quence, be extremely offensive and unhealthy. Of
these the bulk, of course, will be the narrow and
confined localities inhabited by the working poor;
for of the sewering which has been already com-
pleted, we find that only four miles consist of streets
inh,:bited by the working classes, whilst 211 miles
are in the spacious and airy parts of the town inha-
bited by the middle and superior classes. The
cause of this is sufficiently obvious. The outlines
of a complete system must first he formed. The
main arteries of underground communication must
be laid down, before the branches can be at all at-
tempted. Hence our wide streets are already
sewered, whilst the densely-packed localities adja-
cent have yet to 'be acted upon. In many cases,
too, it has been found impracticable to drain, from
the want of such spacious sewered thoroughfares as
those whose formation we have advocated, and with
which the adjacent streets and courts could be made
to communicate.

We know not what may be the precise extent of
the powers, or the means at the disposal of the
Commissioners of Sewers, to r pair the existing de-
ficiency. We greatly suspect, however, that they
are not large—that they are not equal to the emer-
gency in which we are placed ; for in no other way
can we account for, much less justify, the very in-
complete condition of the drainage of the town.
There is no subject upon which the opinion of com-
petent parties has been more strongly expressed
than upon the importance, as conducive to health,
of proper severing ; and if the rate, allowed by the
existing act to be le. ied for the purpos , will only
permit its accomplishment by a gradual progress
which, it is evident, must be years before it orertakes
the growing eril, our conviction is decided that in-
creased powers ought forthwith to be sought, either
in the shape of an authority to anticipate the rate
by mortgage, as in the case of the " Watering Bill"
of the present session, or by some aid from the
Corporate Estate. An effort must be made, and
promptly made ; and there is scarcely any direction
in which it could be more advantageously made
than in this.

There are no doubt many auxiliary measures of
police and sanitorial regulation, by which the health
of the entire town might be materially improved.
By the powers vested in the Health Committee of
the Town Council much may be achieved, and we
trust will be achieved. We hope to be assured of a
thorough reformation of those dens of infamy and
filth—the common lodging-houses—which exist,
and constitute fertile sources of disease and crime,
throughout the town. A more comprehensive sys-
tem of scavenging and cleansing the streets inha-
bited by the lower classes of our population must
be adopted ; and attention must be directed to
an evil which has hitherto escaped that prominent
notice which it demands, as a fertile originator
of disease—viz., the state and locality of the schools
frequented by the children of our poor. The fol-
lowing passage on this particular subject, from
Dr. Duncan's pamphlet, presents a picture which
we believe few indeed of our readers could have be-
lieved was to be witnessed in the town of Liver-

pool :
" Mr. Riddall Wood, who spent some time in Liver-
pool, about seven years ago, in investigating the state of
education in the borough, found that there were, at that
time, 24 1 dame schools with 52 10 scholars, and 194 com-
mon day schools with 6096 scholars. In his Report to
the Manchester Statistical Society, he says, the condi-
tion of most of the schools in an extensive and populous
district, stretching upwards from the North Shore to
Scotland-road, is wretched in the extreme, corresponding
in a remarkable manner with that of the population.
With few exceptions the dame schools are dark and con-
fined; many are damp and dirty ; more than one-half of
them are used as dwelling, dormitory, and school-room,
accommodating, in many cases, a family of seven or eight
persons; above -10 of them are cellars.' Of the common
day schools in the poorer districts,' he states in another
part of his Report,) ' it is difficult to convey an adequate
idea; so close and offensive is the atmosphere in many of
them as to be intolerable to a person entering from the
open air, more especially as the hour of quitting school
approaches. The dimensions of the schools rarely exceed
those of the dame schools, while frequently the number
of scholars is more than double. Bad as this is, it is
much aggravated by filth and offensive odour arising from
other causes.' [` See Report of a Committee of the Man-
chester Statistical Society, on the State of Education in
the Borough of Liverpool. in 1835-3G.'] Mr. Wood
states that the masters and mistresses are generally ig-
norant of the depressing and unhealthy effects of the at-
mosphere which surrounds them, and he mentions the
case of the mistress of a dame school who replied, whe❑
he pointed this out to her, that ' the children thrived best
in dirt.' He notices particularly a school in a garret up
three pair of dark, broken stairs, with forty children in
the compass of 10 feet by 9 ; and where, ' on a perch
forming a triangle with the corner of the room, sat a cock
and two hens ; under a stump bed immediately beneath
was a dog-kennel, in the occupation of three black ter-
riers, whose barking, added to the noise of the children
and the cackling of fowls on the approach of a stranger,
was almost deafening. There was only one small window,
at which sat the master, obstructing three-fourths of the
light it was capable of admitting.' In Manchester, so far
as I can judge from the Report of the Committee of the
Statistical Society, the schools for the
.working-classes,

especially the day schools, are somewhat better than those
in Liverpool, although the 'day schools nre described as
being ' deplorably bad.' Neither in Manchester nor
Liverpool was there a common day or dame school, where
there was a play-vround, where the children could get the
change necessary for young persons.' (2231.) In Bir-
mingham, Mr. Wood stated to the Committee on the
Health of Towns that, taken as a whole, the state of the
dame schools was much better than in Liverpool and Man-
chester.' They were " small rooms, but generally on the
ground floor, and not, as in Liverpool and Manchester,
frequently in cellars or garrets.'
The most efficacious remedies, however, for the
existing evil, we are confident are to be found in the
measures to which we have chiefly addressed our-
selves—viz. ventilation of our most unhealthy loca-
lities, by the formation of spacious thoroughfares,
and a thorough and complete sewerage of the town.
Without these, all other measures are mere tin-
kering—mere trifling with the vast difficulty to be
subdued.

We have again to draw attention to the highly
indecent and improper spirit in which the duties of
the gentlemen—or some of them—who fill the office
of " visitors " of the Workhouse schools, are per-
formed; and, whilst doing so, we cannot but express
our regret at the unfortunate selection, by the Select
Vestry, of the parties to whom this office is con-
fided, There were, surely, amongst that body,
gentlemen who could have watched the course of
instruction pursued in these schools, in a spirit less
offensively impertinent towards the officials engaged
in them than that displayed by Mr. Urquhart.
There were gentlemen quite as fitted by their acquire-
ments and their principles to give an opinion upon
an educational system as this individual. There
were gentlemen who would have used his office for
a more worthy purpose than that of pandering to the
appetites of an anti-church, and, indeed, popish,
newspaper; and a colleague, or colleagues, who would
not have permited themselves to be dragged at his
heels in a crusade for the re-establishment, in the
schools in question, of that infidel system of edu-
cation which we have, happily, got rid of in the
schools of the corporation, and which is evidently
the pet system of Mr. Urquhart. Upon these
grounds, we deeply regret—and so must the Select
Vestry—that such a duty as that of "visitor" should
have been placed in such hands.
We pass over for the present, because they are
evidently given in a garbled, and, we fear, an unfair
manner, the details of the conversation which took
place at the Workhouse on Tuesday last, on the
subject of the schools ; and which was, of course,
furbished up for the Mercury by Mr. Urquhart, or
some other of his " liberal" colleagues. 'We pass
over, for th,:f present, any discussion of the question
whether " the Protestant Catechism"—one of those
Catechisms which are supplied and taught to the
children of Church of England parents, and to them
alone—is a most "unbecoming book," or whether
Mr. Urquhart is a judge of what is becoming or un-
becoming to be taught to the children of such
parents. Mr. Urquhart is, we believe, not a member
of the Church of England; and we would, therefore,
much rather place confidence in the opinion, or
practice, of the Chaplain of the Workhouse than in
his. We are told indeed, in his exparte and highly-
coloured report, that the Catechism in question was
discountenanced by Mr. Rector Brooks ; but we
have to set against this statement the fact that it has,
until detected by this searching and judicious
"visitor," been used for some years in the school,
without any authoritative declaration against its
propriety.

We proceed, therefore, to the report, as signed by
the visitors Messrs. Urquhart, Molyneux, and
Henderson, and which is as follows :
" We refer the Poor Law Commissioners to our obser-
vations of the 17th June, and the 3rd July instant, on the
state of the schools and other matters connected with the
Workhouse ; and we are sorry to find that no steps have
been taken to improve the training of the children, nor
the adopt.on of any of the suggestions therein made, ex-
cept the surgeon removing the sick from Low-hill school."
Splendid grammar this passage !

" When we consider the past and the present condition of
the human beings brought up in this Workhouse, and the
heavy expense to the parish in building an industrial
school, we consider it imperative that no time shonld be
lost in adopting a system of moral, physical, and had.
lectual training, as a preventive of vice and crime,—an
elevation of character to usefulness and virtue, and a
saving to the parish."
Grammar almost equally splendid !

Now, what was the substance of those reports, to
which the visitors here refer the poor law commis-
sioners. We have them not at present before us ;
but we remember they alleged something like in-
competence in the masters—or rather the master
and his " two ignorant paupers ;" ignorance in the
children ; the want of " moral training," &c. But
have those statements been proved to be true? The
" ignorant paupers," at least, have vindicated them-
selves from the charge of incapacity, to the satisfac-
tion of most men. We would place their acquire-
ments any day in the scale against those of Mr. Urqu-
hart himself; and especially we would do so, in gram-
matical acquirements! They are " paupers ;" and this
is "the head and front of their offending"—the reason
why "liberal" charity looks doWn from its eminence
and despises and slanders them ! An examination
of the children, in the presence of a great portion of
the select vestry—which Mr. Urquhart and his co-
visitors did not attend—has proved that neither were
they ignorant nor their teachers incompetent or
neglectful. The repetition of the wholesale charges
against the school management and its effects, by
the visitors, is, therefore, almost as great a violation
of propriety as can be imagined.
But it is insisted upon that "no time should be
lost in adopting a system of moral, physical, (!) and
intellectual training,"—Scotch moral philosophy,
gymnastics, and logic or mathematics, we presume !
These poor children are only taught the precepts
inculcated in their Bible, and the doctrines of their
church; they have no "moral, physical, and intel-
lectual training." Pray, what are Mr. Urquhart's
notions of moral training ? What new and happy
system of morals does he possess, which is not to
be found in the Ten Commandments and the New
Testament ? In the " physical " training of little
workhouse lads, would he substitute calisthenics for
taw and handball ? " Intellectual training," too !
We suppose such would be a short cut—by way of
the Penny Magazine, or Dr. Lardner's Cyclopeedia—
to universal knowledge; and this short cut "as a
prevention of vice and crime—an elevation of cha-
racter to usefulness (!) and virtue,—and—a saving to
the parish !" Alas ! when men wade beyond their
depth, what awful foundering and beating of air and
water do we see 1

But these poor children have their acquisition of
useful knowledge, their " moral, physical, and in-
tellectual training," impeded by four catechisms;
one of them the obnoxious " Protestant catechism"
complained of. We may briefly explain away this
grievance—this great waste of time and training !
The first catechism is Dr. Watte Catechism for
Children ; the second is the Church of England
Catechism; the third "an Explanation of the Church
of England Catechism ;" and the fourth " the Pro-
testant Catechism." These books are placed before
Church of England, or Protestant, children alone,
and at the hours when Roman Catholic children are
withdrawn by their priest to be instructed in the
doctrines of their religion. That class of children,
too, have no less than four catechisms, in which,
generally speaking, they are thoroughly drilled.
Yet Mr. Urquhart makes no objection to the waste of
time in the education of the Popish children. Their
thorough training in a belief of the doctrines of real