The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1846-09-22 00:00:00

THE KABYLES OF MOUNT ATLAS.—Amongst the
most determined enemies of the French in Africa, are to

be enumerated the Kabyles, tribes dwelling in the'ranges
of the Lesser Atlas, from Tunis to Morocco. 01 differ-
ent race from the Arabs, they are believed to be the abo-
riginal inhabitants of Northern Africa. Secure in their
wild valleys, they have ever preserved their independence.
Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Arabs, all failed to
subdue them ; and, although some of the tribes, whose
territory is the least inaccessible, are now partially under
the rule of the French, the maritime range, from the east

of the Metidjah to lhilippeville, remains unconquered.
Their numbers are inconsiderable, roughly estimated at

eighty thousand. This would give a fiihting population
of at most from sixteen to twenty thousand men; but that
small force has been found efficient to preserve from fo-

reign domination the almost impregnable fastnesses in
which they dwell. Although the tribes wage frequent

war amongst themselves, a common enemy unites them
all. Tne attachment of the Kabyles to their country and

tribe is remarkable. Like the SWiss, or the Spanish Ga-

licians, they are accustomed to wander forth when young,
and seek their fortune in other lands. Kabyle's servants
and labourers are found in all the towns and villages of
Northern Africa. But if they learn that their tribe is

threatened or at war, they abindon their situations, how-
ever advantageous, and hasten home, and to arms. They
are very brave, but barbarously cruel, giving no quarter,
and torturing their prisoners before cutting off their
heads.—Blackwood's Magazine.
SKETCH OF T. S. DUNCOMBE, ESQ., M.P.—He is the

most gentlemanlike demagogue of whom we have any re-
collection. Of course we speak of the exterior man alone,

not desiring to go the length of assuming that other men,
of perhaps more ardent patriotism, but of manners more
rough, may not possess quite as many of the real qualities
of the gentleman, those which are independent of conven-
tional customs, habit, and dress. In those externals,
however, let their worth be what they may, Mr. Dun-
combe is certainly distinguished from the members gene-
rally of the House of Commons, so much so, that a stran-
ger entering the assembly would naturally observe the
singular elegance and finish of his attire as Oistinzuishing
him even in a place where well-dressed men are rather
the rule than the exception. We have been almost
tempted to think, too, that in proportion as his Tribuni-
tian displays grow more bold, and his principles more
democratic, he has become more and more anxious to
preserve his old character as one of the most fashionable
men about town,—thus, as it were, drawing the personal
distinction more and more strongly, the more he approxi-
mated towards the principles of the working classes.
Strange as it may seem, the most able parliamentaty ad-
vocate of the " great unwashed" is himself a perfect
model of every thing that is recherche in dress, manners,
and carriage,—nay, be has even been called the " Dandy
Demagogue." One thing, at least, is certain, that he is,
to look at, almost the very last man from whom you
would expect such powerful, nervous, and humorous
speeches as he has made during the last few years, or the
bold and clever tactics, followed out under every disad-
vantage, and against overwhelming odds, with which he
has puzzled and sometimes discomfited the most distin-
guished masters in •the petty strategies of party politics.
It is well that we should get over our surprise at this
contrast between the man and his doings, because we
shall then be better able impartially to estimate the value
of those doings, and to examine the machinery by which
he has obtained his unquestionable influence in the de-
bates of the House of Commons, besides exciting a cer-:

tain degree of interest in the public mind on behalf of
whatever subjects he may choose to bring before parlia-
ment ; otherwise we should be continually puzzled with
practical contradictions. Not in his careful attention to
dress alone does he so differ from his colleagues in Radi-

calism ; the contrast extends to his physical and mental
organisation, his whole bearing and demeanour. There
is not one of them, however honest may be his intentions,
or respectable his conduct. who does not prepossess a
casual observer unfavourably rather than favourably.

They have all some physical defect to overcome, or some
want of mental training, or some jaundiced, distorted view
of things, grating on the feelings of a lazy public, and
creating a predisposition not to attend to their represen-
tations. A Wak ley is considered too palpably to embody
in his person and style of speaking some of the more
commonly received ideas of the demagogue. With all
his shrewdness, clear-sightedness, and information, he
still has a stout array of prejudices to overcome, before
he can make his way to the feelings of a fastidious audi-
ence. A Roebuck, nn the other hand, with fewer natural
disadvantages, more authorised pretensions, and more
regular training, wilfully deprives himself of these privi-
leges, by indulging in distorted views of existing things,
and in a habit of spiteful but pointless personality, which
renders him at once annoying and ridiculous. The mind
of a Hume, though well constituted, is too contracted for
an assembly which, with all its short-comings, is so en-
lightened ; and his defective address destroys what little
influence his steadfastness of character and consistency
of purpose have acquired for him. And so in like man-
ner is it with most of the leading members of the extreme
Liberal section. They all seem to have been forced by
some accident, not harmonising with their previous ca-
reer, into the position they hold, without having had that
power of adaptation so singularly displayed by Mr. Cob-
den and some others, by which a stranger to the forms
and customs of the house becomes at once amalgamated
in feeling with those whom he finds there, as if he had
been all his life accustomed to these new duties. But
Mr.Duncombe has every natural advantage in his favour.
Whatever disapprobation he may at times excite by the
license he occasionally gives himself when making his
personal attacks, it is a difficult thing for him to destroy
the prestige at first created on his behalf. Tall and very
well proportioned, there is a striking air of elegance in
his whole figure, which is rendered still more pleasing by,
the absence of all affectation ; which is, in fact, precluded
by a peculiarly frank and manly deportment, and a capti:
eating openness of manner almost amounting to famili-
arity. A handsome face, singularly expressive of the
humorous, a remarkably intell gent eye, and a voice at
once sonorous and harmonious, complete the attractions
of this fortunate and favoured candidate for popularity.—
Fraser's Magazine.
A HousE TO LIVE IN.—Another acquaintance of ours
—and this we will say that we are proud of being known
to him—dwells in an old-fashioned gloomy house at Pe-
tersham. It is a respectable old gentleman in a-brown
coat, black shirts, white waistcoat, and a pigtail; and is
a member of the Royal Society as well as of the Society
of Antiquarians. The house in question suits him, and
he suits the house ; it was built in the time of that impu-
dent intriguing Dutchman who came over here and drove
out his uncle and beau pere ; and it accordingly possesses
all the heavy dignity of the Dutch houses of that period.
The windows are pedimented and cased with mouldings ;
they are lofty and sufficiently numerous ; the doorway has
two cherubs flying, with cabbages and roses round the
shell that hangs over it ; and the lawns are still cut square,
and have queer-shaped beds and parterres. There is
something dignified and solemn in the very bricks of tLe
mansion, wearing as they do a more regular and sombre
hue of Ted than the dusty-looking things of the present
day ; and when you once get into the spacious rooms,
all floored and all pannelled with oak, you feel a glow of
veneration for olden times—though not for those times—
that you cannot define, but which is nevertheless excess-
ively pleasing. While sitting in the well-stored library of
this mansion, you expect to see Addison walking in at one
door, and Swift at another ; and you are not quite sure
but that you may have to meet Bolingbroke at dinner,
and take a glass of wine with Prior or Pope. There are
numberless large cupboards all over the place ; you could
sit inside any of the fireplaces, if the modern grates were,
as we wish them, removed ; and as for opening or slam-
ming a door in a hurry, it is not to be done ;. they are too
heavy ; no such impertinences can ever be tolerated in
such a residence. And then our friend himself—we
could tell you such a deal about him, but we are writing
about houses, not men—you must go and get introduced
to him yourself. Let it be put down in your pocket me-
moranda, whenever you hear of a house of this kind to
let, either take it yourself or recommend somebody else
whom you have a regard for to do so. It is not a hand-
some, stylish kind of house, but it is one of the right sort
to live in.—Blackwood's Magazine.
MICHAELMAS GOOSE.—The old custom of eating
goose on Michaelmas-day has much exercised the inge-
nuity of antiquaries. Brady remarks that this festival is
no longer peculiar for that hospitality which we are taught
to believe formerly existed, when the landlords used to
entertain their tenants in their great halls upon geese ;
then only kept by persons of opulence, and, of course,
considered as a peculiar treat, as was before the case at
Martinmas, which was the old regular quarterly-day ;
though, as geese are esteemed to be in their greatest per-
fection in the autumnal season, there are but few families
who totally neglect the ancient fashion of making that
bird a part of their repast on the festival of St. Michael."
There is a current, but erroneous, tale, assigning to Queen
Elizabeth the introduction of this custom of the day.
Being on her way to Tilbury Fort, on the 29th Septem-
ber, 1588, she is alleged to have dined with Sir Neville
Humfreville, at his seat near that place, and to have par-
taken of a goose, which the Knight, knowing her taste
for high-seasoned dishes, bad provided ; that after her
dinner she drank a half-pint bumper of Burgundy to the
destruction of the Spanish Armada; soon after which she
received the joyful tidings that her wishes had been ful-
filled ; and that, being delighted with the event, she com-
memorated the day annually by having a goose for dinner,
in imitation of Sir Neville's entertainment; and that,
consequently, the court adopted the like practice, which
soon became general throughout the kingdom. This
anecdote is a strong proof that the usage was sanctioned
by royalty in the days of Queen Bess, but there is evi-
dence that it was practised long anterior to the destruc-
tion of the Spanish Armada. Among other services,
John de la Hay was bound to render to William Burnaby,
Lord of Lastres, in the county of Hereford, for a parcel
of the demesne lands, one goose fit for the lord's dinner
on the feast of St. Michael the Archangel ; and this as
early as the tenth year of King Edward the Fourth. The
custom may have originated in a habit, among the rural
tenantry, of their bringing a good stubble goose with their
rent to the landlord at Michaelmas, in the hope of making
him lenient. In the Posies of George Gascoigne, 1575.
are the following stanzas :
" And when the tenants come to pay their quarter's rent.
They bring some fowl at Midsummer, a dish of fish in Lent,
At Christmas a capon, at Michaelmas a goose;
And somewhat else at New-year's tide, for fear their lease fly
loose."
"We may suppose," observes a writer before quoted,
" that the selection of a goose for a present to the land-
lord at Michaelmas would be ruled by the bird being then
at its perfection, in consequence of the benefit derived
from stubble-feeding. It is easy to see how a general
custom of having a goose for dinner on Michaelmas-day
might arise from the multitudes of these presents, as
landlords would, of course, in most cases, have a few to
spare for their friends." In Poor Robin's Almanack for
1695, under September, are these quaint lines :
" Geese now in their prime season are ;
Which, if well roasted, are good fare:
Yet, however, friends take heed
How too much you on them feed,
Lest when, as your tongues run loose,
Your discourse do smell of goose."—Sharpe's Jiag,

THE EXECUTIONER OF LOUIS XVl.—When Louis the

Sixteenth was about to suffer death, Sanson, the public
executioner, had the resolution to refuse the dreadful
office. "Say not to," said one of the regicides, "your
own life will be the penalty of your unwise disobedience."
"Be it so then," instantly replied Sanson, "do with me
as you please ; I will never be the murderer of my king."
One of this man's relatives performed that execrable deed,
and it is to be regretted that, having the same name, the

odium of that act has been attributed to a person meriting
a better fame.—Brady's Claris Calendaria.
ENJOYMENT FROM PlCTURES.—Pictures are a set of
chosen images, a stream of pleasant thoughts passing
through the mind. It is a luxury to have the walls of

our rooms hung round with them, and no less so to have
such a gallery in the mind, to con over the relics of anci-
ent art, bound up " within the book and the volume of
the brain, life passed among pictures in the study and
the love of art, is unmixed, (if it were possible) with baser
mater 1" A happy, noiseless dream ; or, rather, it is to
dream and to be awake at the same time ; for it has all
" the sober certainty of waking bliss," with the romantic
voluptuousness of a visionary and abstracted being.
They are the bright consummate essences of things ; and
"he who knows of these delights to taste and interpose
them oft, is not unwise !"—Haelitt.
LEARNED COURTIERS.—It was while the king was

'rom home upon this Assyrian war, that his queen Bere-

. . . .
nice, in Egypt, sacrificing a bull to the gods, vowed that
if they brought her husband safe home she would cut off
her beautiful tresses, and hang them up in the temple in
token of her thankfulness. Euergetes soon afterwards
. _

returned a conqueror, and the queen's locks were yielded
up to the knife, while the whole court praised her hero-
ism. Conon, the astronomer, was then busy in noting
the places of the fixed stars, and immediately grouping
together into a constellation one of those many clusters

which the earlier astronomers had left unnamed, he
marked it out on his globe, and gave it to the world as

the new constellation of the Hair of Berenice. Callima-
chus took the hint from the courtly astronomer, and, in a
poem which we know only in the translation of Catullus,
makes the hair swear by the head from which it was cut

off, that it was against its will that it left the queen, and
was raised to the skies; but, what could it do against the
. _

force of steel ? The poet and the astronomer have here
been of use to one another ;. the constellation of Coma
Berenices is known to hundreds who have not read Cal-

lirnachus or Catullus, but it is from the poet that we learn

why the queen's locks were set among the stars.—
Sharpe's History of Egypt.
'Baal-Ines GARDEN.—There is another fine garden in
the vicinity of Cairo, which belongs to Ibrahim Pacha,
and occupies the whole of the little island of Rhoda ; the
locality pointed out to travellers as the soot where Pna-
roh's daughter went down to the river to bathe, and found
the infant Moses among the bulrushes. This garden is
under the superintendence of Mr. Trail, a Scotch horti-
culturist; and is rich in every variety of tropical vegeta-
tion and Indian trees, besides whatever European pro-

ductions can be made to succeed in this dry and burning
climate. It is laid out in the English style; and the
beautiful flower beds, and the graceful willows drooping

their flexible branches over marble balustrades into the
calm Nile, reminded me of the fair gardens of the West,
and some of those lovely creations of my own country
which have no equal in any other part of the world. No
pains or expense have been spared in rendering the gar-
dens of Rhoda as complete as possible; but when I in-

quired of Mr. Trail whether Ibrahim Pasha understands
enough of botany or horticulture to appreciate the rare
collecti,n of plants and trees he has assembled together
there, he assured me that all his highness's knowledge of
that science is comprised in enjoying a fine peach when it
is served at his table. The ladies of his harem are oc-

casionally permitted to visit the gardens; but Mr. Trail
declares that he would rather see a flight of locusts alight
upon the premises than these fair recluses. They gather
halt the flowers, tread down the remainder, devour all the
fruit within their reach, and six months are scarcely suf-
ficient to repair the ravages effected in less than six
hours by them when they are let loose in the bowers of
_ _

Rhoda."—Mrs. Romer.
MEXICAN SuPEnsTrrloN.7—.But Mexico has one fatal

feature which makes the mind despair of her ever holding
the rank of a great nation. However glaring may be the
superstition of continental Europe, it is of a feeble hue to
the extravagance of Mexican ceremonial. In those re-
mote countries, once guarded under the Spanish govern-
ment with the most jealous vigilance from the strangers
eye, every ceremonial was gradually adopted, of every
shape and colour, which the deepest superstition, aided by
great wealth, the influence of a powerful hierarchy, and
the zeal of a people at once desperately ignorant and sin-
gularly fond of show, could invent. Rome, and even Na-
ples, were moderate, compared with Mexico. The con-
veyance of the Host to the sick was almost a public pa-
geant ; and its carriage to the wife of Santa Anna was ac-
companied by twenty thousand people. The feast of
Corpus Christi exhibits streets through which thirty or
forty thousand people pour along, of all classes of society.
with thousands of soldiery, to swell and give military bril-
liancy to the display. At the head of the pageant moves
a platform, on which the wafer is borne by the highest
dignitaries of the church. Then_ follows, in a similar ye-

hide, " Our Lady of the Remedies," the blessed Virgin
Mother, a little alabaster doll, with the nose broken and
an eve out. This was the image of herself given by the
Virgin to Cortes to revive the valour of his soldiers after
their Mexican defeat; and this the priests profess to be-
lieve, and the populace actually do believe. The doll's
wardrobe, with its precious stones, is valued at a million
of dollars. The doll stops all contagious diseases, and is
remarkably active in times of cholera.—Blackwoods Ma-
gazine.
THE RAVEN.—This bird has been highly honoured in
some of the ancient British traditions, which record the
transmigration of the mighty prince Arthur into the body
of a raven, in which shape he shall dwell till the approach
of the hour for the restoration of his kingly line, Many
of the superstitious notions concerning the raven may
have their foundation in the fact that the bird's acute
scent enables him to detect the presence of dead bodies,
where human senses would fail to impart any information.
Murders have thus been discovered, and ignorance has
ascribed to the raven supernatural powers. The follow-
ing account of one of these events is generally put forth as
entitled to credit, and it does not contradict any natural
law :—A gentleman was murdered in his bed at an inn ;
the body was taken to a river near the house, and, to pre-
vent it from rising, the murderer passed a stake through
it, making one end fast in the mud. When this was done
a very small part of the stake still appeared above the
water. In a few days afterwards some ravens perched
near the spot, over which they were constantly flying and
croaking. Their numbers increased, and the peasants.
alarmed at such an unusual appearance, attempted to
drive them away, but the birds persisted in keeping close
to a particular part of the river, as if searching for some-
thing therein. This induced the people to examine the
water, but nothing was seen save the end of the stake.
This was drawn up, when, to the surprise of the specta-
tors, a body rose to the surface. Suspicion became ex-
cited ; the marks of cart wheels were traced from the river
to the inn. The owner was apprehended, and, learning
the above particulars, was terror-stricken, and confessed
his crime. The ravens were probably at first attracted by
the effluvia from the decaying body, and one or two would
of course soon attract numbers.—Sharpe's London Mag.
COSTUME OF THE AFFGHAN LADIES.—When in pub-
lic the high-born Affghan lady is so completely enveloped
by her large veil (literally sheet), that the person is en-
tirely concealed from head to foot;. there are two eyelet
holes in that part of the sheet which covers the face, ad-
mitting air and light, and affording to the fair one, her-
self unseen, a tolerable view of external objects. I trust
I may be permitted without indiscretion to remove this
shroud, and give some slight description of the costume.
Over a short white under garment, whose name of kam-
mese (chemise) sufficiently denotes its use, is a peirau, or
jacket, which, amongst the higher classes, is made of
Bokhara cloth, or not unfrequently of Russian broad
cloth, brought overland through Bukhara. This garment
is generally of some glaring gaudy colour, red or bright
yellow, richly embroidered either in silk or gold; it is
very like the Turkish jacket, but the inner side of the
sleeve is open, and merely confined at the wrist with
hooks and eyes. A pair of loose trowsers, gathered at
the waist with a running silken cord, and large at the
ankle, forms a prominent feature in the costume, and is
made either of calico, shawl-cloth, or Cashmere brocade,
according to the finances of the wearer. Instead of
stockings, they wear a kind of awkward-looking linen
bag, yellow or red, soled with thick cloth or felt, the top
being edged with shawl-cloth. The shoes are similar to
the Turkish slipper, with the usual Affghan high-pointed
heels tipped with iron ; and as these articles must from
their shape be an impediment to walking, I presume that
the real use to which they are generally put must have
given rise to the common expression in Hindoostan for
any punishment inflicted, the term being " jutte mar,"
literally, beating with the shoe. The weapon put to this
purpose would be very formidable, and I have little doubt
that the beauties of the harem keep their lords in high
discipline by merely threatening with such an instrument.
—A Peep into Toorkisthau.
MODE OF CONDUCTING THE HERRING FISHERIES.--
The fisheries of the greatest importance to Shetland,
speaking commercially. consist of ling, cod, and herring.
Obvious though the advantages are that might be derived
from this source, yet the prosecution of it by the native
Shetlanders beyond the mere supply of food, is compara-
tively but a modern pursuit. For centuries the Flemings
and Dutch were the chief adventurers, and engrossed the
whole fishings, not around the islands only, but also on
the coasts of Scotland. So early as the twelfth century,
it is said, the salting of herrings, in a temporary manner,
was known to the Scottish fishermen, and if we may cre-
dit tradition, the Dutch purchased them from us in that
state, and likewise carried away immense quantities of
dried cod, which are still known in Holland by the name
of haberdien—an evident corruption of the word Aber-
been, the port from whence they were shipped. The
balance of trade, however, appears to have turned against
us after the Flemings had discovered (about the year
1307) the method of pickling herrings as a staple article
of exportation. During the following century, the Dutch
herring-fishery became independent of the Scotch, for
they used only large vessels with nets, on board of which
the fish were cured, without any communication whatever
with the shore, except at Bressay Sound. The vast ad-
vantages reaped by these enterprising foreigners appear
to have aroused the attention of the old Scottish parlia-
ment, for in the reign of James 111., and in the year
1471, it was enacted, " That certain lords,
spiritual and
temporal, and burghs, soud gar mak great schips, busses,
and ither great pink-boats, with nets and ither abuilzie-
ments for fishing." This act was confirmed by James
IV. in 1491, when it was further ordained, that no vessel
should be employed in the herring-fishery under the bur-
den of twenty tons. In 1573 the government of James
VI. appointed the herring-barrel to contain nine gallons
according to the Stirling jug, which was the standard
Scotch pint. By an act of 1660, and several preceding
acts, it was ordained that no herrings should be exported
before Michaelmas, all those caught before that time
being appointed to be sold in the home market for the
service of the country.—Fraser's Magazine.

Sept. 22, 1846.

THE LIVERPOOL EXHIBITION OF WORKS'OF

MODERN ART.

NOTICE SECOND.
We shall commence our notice to-day in the second
room, in which we find several paintings of a very high
order of talent by Liverpool artists, some of which are in-
finitely more deserving of a prominent position in the
exhibition than many we could point to, which, but for
the names of their respective artists, might very justly
have been consigned to inferior places. This apparent
favouritism, by the committee, of men of established repu-
tation, or of those who can affix to their names the sym-
bolic letters R.A., A.R.A., or R.H.A., is one of the
greatest difficulties with which the young artist has to
struggle. It is the cause too, we doubt not, of much
heart-burning. In all the arrangements of such an exhi-
tion as this merit ought to be the leading test. A❑ ar-
tist, whose pictures already command notice, might very
well afford to give away a little, to allow unknown merit
a fair chance to be appreciated.

No. 325, Sir Guyon and the Palmer approaching
Excesce at the Porch of the Bower of Bliss, by W. Hug-
gins. The subject is apparently taken from the following
passage of Spencer :
" Under that porch a comely dame did rest,
Clad in fayre weedes, but fowle disordered, .

And garments loose that seem'd unineet for Wornanhed;
In her left hand a cup of gold she held,
And with her right the riper fruit did re-.ch,
Whose sappy liquor, that with fulnesse sweld,
Into her cup she scrazed with daintie breach
Of her fine fingers, without fowle cmpeach,
That so faire winepresse made the win. more sweet
Thereof she used to give to drinke to each,
Whom passing by she happened to meet :
It was her guise all straungers goodly so to greet.
So she to Guyon offered it to taste."
E'penser's Faerie Queene, Book 2, Canto 12.
We regard this picture as one of the most meritorious in
the whole exhibition. The subject is well told, and the
figures, scenery, and adjuncts are faultlessly painted.
The principal figure, the Bacchanal in the foreground,---
" Excesse,"—is especially excellent, the flesh, limbs, and
attitude precisely those which would belong to a "comely
dame" indulging in the habits described by the poet. Sir
Guyon is a striking figure, and his shirt of mail a most
skilful piece of painting. Mr. Huggins has advanced his
own previous reputation and the credit of our local art
very materially by this production.
No. 318, a portrait of an English and Scotch terrier,
by the same artist, is full of truth and merit ; and No.
439, in the third room, we do not hesitate to pronounce
the best painted portrait in the exhibition.

329 is a landscape by Copley Fielding, full of that ar-
tist's style. The subject is from Ariosto, where Angelica,
flying from Rinaldo, seeks a refuge in the forest. if any-
thing, the light thrown upon the figure and steed of the
lady is a little too strong, and inconsistent with the idea
of a person hiding from pursuit. The objection, how-
ever, has little to do with the merits of the picture, as a
landscape. which are great.
331. The Gypsy's Encampment, Rydal Water, West-
moreland, by E. Williams, senior, is a fine landscape.
Mr. Williams has several other in the exhibition, all of
which, especially No. 100 in the first room, are very clever.
291, by F. Pickering, certainly does not owe its place in
the exhibition to any merit it possesses. It is a bad pic-
ture.
294. Deer Slalkers Refreshing, by R. Ansell, is a
good specimen of the artist. The dogs in particular, and
the elder figure, are well painted.
334. The Vale of Clwyd, by J. Allen, is a fine
picture, most elaborately painted. We much question,
however, whether it is not throwing art away, to lavish so
much detail on such a landscape. The aim, however, of
the artist has been to give the scene as presented under a
strong and clear light; and he has succeeded triumphantly,
at the expense, however, of giving to the picture very
much of the character of a panorama.
316. On the Conway, after Heavy Rain, by Mr. West,
is a good picture.
245. Touchstone nominating the Degrees of the Lie,
by W. L. Windus, a Liverpool artist, is a panting of
great merit. The scene is the 4th of Act 5, in "As You
Like it.

Jaques.--‘, Can you nominate in order, now, the degrees of
the lie ?"
Touchstone.—" 0, sir, we quarrel in print, by the book. As
you have books for good manners, I will name you the degrees.
The first, the retort courteous; the second, the quip modest;
the thhd, the reply churlish; the fourth, the reproof valiant;
the fifth, the countercheck quarrelsome ; the sixth, the lie with
circumstance ; the seventh, the lie direct. All these you may
avoid but the lie direct; and you may avoid that, too, with an
If.' 1 knew when seven justices could not take up a quarrel;
but when the parties were met themselves, one of them thought
but of an If,' as 'lf you said so, I said so ;' and they shook
hands and were sworn brothers. Your It' is the only peace-
maker; much virtue in ' If.'"
The figure of Touchstone is most characteristic, and the
stolid expression and attitude of Audrey are inimitable.
The whole picture indeed is well managed.
387. Another work of Mr. Windus's, is a pleasing little
picture of A Rustic Girl.
238. The Ejectment, by W. Davis, Liverpool, is a
painting of great character and ability, though evidently'
the accessories and the background require working OP.
The subject is the ejection of an Irish family of the far—
mer class, and the story is very strikingly told. The
figures in the foreground are well painted, and the whole
scenery in excellent keeping with the sombre spirit of the
Picture. A few more days bestowed upon it would render
it a work of great value. As it is, the talent displayed
upon it is unmistakeable.
239, 240. The Village Church and A Scene on the
Tees, Yorkshire,. by H. J. Boddington, are two beautiful
landscapes, as are 209 and 211 in the first room by the
same artist.
241. The Letter Writer, by George Keet, Liverpool,
and 312, The Lost Game, are Egyptian sketches of much
merit. They are not the beat, however, of the artist.
His No. 50, in room first, is an excellent little plasterer
and No. 124, The Tombs of the Caliphs, which we ob-
serve marked " sold," is ver7 meritorious. Mr. K. has
altogether seven productions in the exhibition.
376. Scone in Bristol, by W. G. Herdman, is an ex-
cellent picture.
188 Margaret Ramsay, by Miss. E. Hunt, is a most
delicate specimen of flesh colouring. If the original was
half so ethereal, the smith, " Hal of the Wynd" might
well be afraid of taking any of her delicate limbs into his
nervous gripe.
304. Harem Captives, by R. Rothwell, is not a success-
ful effort of the artist.
354. Summer's Evening, by G. A Williams, and 335,
Dutch Fishing Boats caming to Anchor, by W. A. Knell'
are pleasing compositions.
309. The Palace Garden, by J. D. Wingfield, is fist
ir
affair.
314. Prayer, by H. Tiffin, is a very interesting and
clever picture, placed in a corner wherd it cannot be pro-
perly seen.
272. Old Forest Hall, Arden, Warwickshire, by f: •
H. Henshaw, is one of the best landscapes in the exhr : -
bition, bold in character and well painted.
278 is a fine specimen of Lance's Fruit.
Amongst the other meritorious pictures in this roots
are 241, A Welsh Rustic, by J. J. Hill, 251, Heads oft"
Village, by H. J. Pidding, a painting full of character,
and 276, The Maiden's Gift, by W. Duffield.

FREE TRADE AND MANUFACTURING
PROSPERITY.

Notwithstanding the assurances that the Yankees would
pay us in the consumption of cotton for all their previous
frauds—that we should array all Pomerania in printed Cs'
licoes, and that even Russian furs should give way to the
wares of Manchester, it turns out that we are on the brink
of a period of great commercial distress. With the popw,
lation of Ireland actually starving, a great proportion 01
the labourers of England likely to be thrown on the poor'
rates for support, we are about to have the hands of the
manufacturing districts turned out for the positive lack of
a market. It will be too clear before the winter is over
how desperate a last throw of the millowners the attempt,
to bribe foreigners to buy by offering to them the markets M
the English farmers. Some time ago the manufacturers
of Blackburn came to a resolution to reduce their hours of
labour. They did so, on finding that the demand was
failing, and that to work the ordinary number of hours
would be still more to glut a flagging market. The
other millowners, however, whether waiting upon the
issue of events, or still preserving a hankering belief 10
the false prophets to whose " testimonials" they were
subscribing, or, perhaps for the sake of that phantate
which has ruined so many thousands in all classes of life,
" keeping uo appearances," refused to follow the examPle
of the millowners of Blackburn, and hence the following
resolutions adopted by the latter :
" 1. That the cotton-spinners and manufacturers in this
town and neighbourhood having almost universally adopted:
short time, In pursuance of t,:e resolutions unanimous:V..
passed at the last meeting, this meeting regrets elree_ur,
ingly that, in consequence of spinners and raanufaeteac7s,.
in other towns not uniting with them, it will be n
sary to resume working full time. time t° •
"2. That seasons of stagnation will, from
buman
time, occur in trade, and can be prevented by no t,
measures, however wise • but that the evil effect of such
stagnation may be greatly diminished by a temporary re-
duction of the hours of labour, and of the quantity of
goods produced.
" 3. That the tendency of working full time in present
circumstances will be to increase the price of cotton, lola
to depress trade in general, and will probably lead to the
usual train of evils incidental to over production, limited
demand, and want of confidence.
" 4. That this meeting cannot separate without record;
ing their opinion, that the relative prices of cotton en!
cloth and yarns render short time still more necessarZ
now than at the last meeting; and that although they e?...
journ sine die, the secretary call a melting hereafter tu,
reconsider the subject, at the request of any five member*

of the association." of
Now, if the plea of insanity were allowable in courts h
insolvency, could any rational commissioner visit wit,:
penalties the manufacturers who ride this John GOD'
race into their courts? It is not strange that a highly-r,ei
spectable authority, the Blackburn Standard, shooL
state that " unless an improvement takes place in the
market, a stoppage of the mills, or a great number of they'
partly if not altogether, will be inevitable before winter I
over." Let no man interfere with the progress of the Cod
den testimonial, the lesser gratuity to Mr. G. Wilson, 11 t
the " little go" for Friend Bright, for if the matt,
is not done quickly it is likely never to be done at
With the prophets of the League, as with the equal"
tO
honest seers whose hands you " cross with sixpence,
outlive the time of fulfilment is to outlive all belief in tiled
powers of vaticination. In the case of the manufactur'‘
this will be evident. The Manchester Guardian 0,,11).
well say that the depression of the labourer " makes
roads upon the demand for articles of clothing and toslrlh6
factures." The mill-owners have assisted to destroy
home market by oppressing the labourer and the fornict
and when they have sent their goods out to China 5;),
back, like a cargo of Madeira (except the improvenaeo"A
sad find that after freight both ways is lost, they 100
cannot sell their wares in England, it remains for tuo
who warned them of their 'conduct to congratolistO tb
on their position. ,

Sept. 22, 1846.

Obipping

TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 15.—Wind N.W. light

AuatvEn.—Heury Bliss, Cummings, from Ne; Orleans—
Hate, Branagen, from Montreal—Especulador, Roche, from
Saint Übes—Charles, from Ostend—Countess of Westmoreland,
Clark, from Venice.

SAlLED.—Spruce, Clarke, for Riga—Luvia, Calonius, for Lu-
beck—Bridget, Wade. for Lisbon—Recovery. Moore, for Mira-
rnichi—Leander, Phelan, for St. John, N.B.—Freeland, M'Ken-
zie, for St. Petersburg—Globe, Ward, for Valparaiso.

The Orphan, Burrows, hence for New York, put into Belfast
Lough yesterday, dismasted
Her Majesty's steamer Devastation, from Plymouth and the
River Plate, at Rio Janeiro previous to the 17th July
Constanza e Onore, Serra, hence at Bahia
Ch,ster, Maxwell, hence at St. John, N.B.
Havre. Carpenter, hence at Picton
Scotland, Kelso, hence at Dalhousie
Lady Constable, Poole, hence at ditto
Mary & Ann, Beimster : Cynthea. Gallsworthy ; Mary Ann,
Cleal, and Maria Grace, Guthrie, hence at Newfoundland

Katinka, Casely, from Leghorn at Denia, and sailed for this
port Ist September
King Alfred. Knill, sailed from ditto for this port 29th August
Margaret, Robertson, hence at St. Petersburg
Isabella Agnes, Auld, and Eleanor, Laing, hence at Riga
Primrose, Crossman. hence at Pillau
Tenth of January, Tunteler, hence at Brielle
Rosa, Fish, hence at Helvoet
Charlotte, Muys ; Barbara Catherine, Bohn ; Jeune Leonie,
De Vries,-and Catherina, Hansen, hence at Antwerp
Superb, of Greenock. off Cape Clear on the Bth instant
Quenec, Aug. 13.—The Calcutta, from Liverpool to this port,
that was on shore on Metis on the 29th May, has become a
wreck, and was sold o- the 10th instant. The Liverpool, Oli-
ver, from Quebec to Liverpool, which was on shore on Basque
Island on the 22d June, and was sold on the 12th instant,
has been got off and towed up to this port.

WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 16.—Wind N.W.

Artnivsn .—Albert Henry, from Boston—Templar, from Cey-
lon—Susan, Fisher, from Mauritius—St. Catharine, Oliveira,
from Genoa.
SAILED —Grecian. Todd, for Cephalonia—Berbice, Black-
Inure, for Madeira and Berbice —Oregon, Glidden, and Medora,
Young. for New Orleans—Fairfield, Loveland, for New York—
Abbotsford, Lock, for Restigouche—Philomene, Christens, for
Antwerp—Dalmatia, Smith, for Boston—Jane Hammond,
'featly, for St. John, N.B.

Britannia, of Pictou, was passed 19th August, in lat. 46, long.
40, a derelict
Antelope, (steamer) O'Brien, hence for Rio Janeiro, was
spoken 13th instant, at eleven a.m. thirty miles N.E. by E. from
Tuskar
Asia, hence off Maranham
Jasper, Selwyn, hence at Messina
Ann, Ballingham, sailed from Marseilles for this port Sth inst.
Charlotte, Voss, and Liverpool, Millott, hence at Danzic
Annette Bage, Gamst, hence off -Frederickshaven
Jane & Alfred, Evans, from Antwerp, at Milford, for this port
Content. Cooper, from Cape Coast Castle, at Cove
Elvira, from Calcutta, off the Start
DUNFANAGHAN, Sept. 12.—The schooner Express, of Glas-
gow, was lost off the west end of Tory Island, early on the
morning of Tuesday, the Bth instant, and all hands perished.
Already four bodies have been washed on shore, and were in-
terred by the keeper of the lighthouse. She was'laden with sul-
phur, Spanish nuts, and some bales of damask muslins have
drifted ashore, and is surposed to have been from a Spanish port.
She has become a total wreck

THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 17.—Wind W.N.W.
AitalvEn.—Franconia, Ganeett, from New Orleans—Messen-
ger, Garrick, from Quebec.
SAX LED .—Georglana, Williams, for Calcutta—Maria, Cerrio-
gotccvich, for Syra—Mary Elizabeth, Thom, for Santa Martha
—Columbia, Rollins, for Philadelphia—Europe, Furber, and
Findland, Brown, for New York—Villa di Sorento, Longobardo,
for Messina—Ellise and Ann, Thomas, for Dordt—Uranus, Ho-
horat, and Heinrich—Haestop, for Angostura—Lady Douglas,
Ritson, for Africa—Alidi Maria, Oaytes, for Amsterdam—
Schyryd, Nowlan, for Smyrna—Mischief, Lewis, fcr Mauritius
Nautilus, Farlan, for Malaga—West Indian, • Capman, for
Cuba—Betsey, Allen, for Corfu—Java, Perry, New Orleans.

Lancashire Witch, from Jama'ca, off Cape Clear.
Black Eyed Susan, Coke, hence at Ancona.
Helve lye, Thomas, hence at the Cape of Good Hope.
Cynosure, sailed from Patras 26th Aug.; Clemanthey 30th,
and Gilbert Jamieson, 31st, for this port.
Faro, Zappar, hence at Trieste.
Caroline, Curry, sailed fdr Malta for this port srd Sept.
Zephyrus
uma,
Hutchinson ; Eliza Bell, Bell; Mary Lawson, Via-
Lkins Vaux ; and Ariel, Darling, hence at St. Peters-
uurgb.
Elizabeth, Edmonds, hence at Antwerp.
New York, from New York, off Tuskar 15th instant.

FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 18. —Wind S.S.E.
ABRlVED.—Edinburgh, Law.son, from St. John, N.B.—Mary,
Roberts, from Rouen—Cwsar, Jansen, from Havre—Amity,
Nicholas. from Hamburg—William Barber, from Rotterdam—
Trinity Yacht, from Denia.
SAILED —Rugene, Groenendahl, for Ostend—llebe, Thomp.
B°ll, for Gibraltar—George William, Clough, for Hamburg—
yhristian, Craig, for Lima—Thetis, Aitkin, for Narva—Tyrean
N,t,e,k, son ; Alioth, Barrell ; Halcyon, Patten, and Ashland
,„'„"iaras, for New Orleans—Lady Sale, Anderson, for St. John,,
Juno, Spohn, for Dantzic—Aaguste, Kerkliove, for Gheut
Nelson, Sengwick, for Wellington, N.S.
Triton, Tuton' hence at Cadiz.
Amity, Forrest, and Adelina, Bra 'field, hence at Lisbon.
Vintage, Cockril, sailed from Oporto Ist instant, and Mersey,
Steele, gth instant, for this port.

Ocean, Hall, hence at Havre.
Harriet, Kraeft, and Hendrika Elizabeth, Reimers, hence at
Relimet. _ _ .

DUNDEE, Sept. 15.—St. Lucia, Edward, from Liverpool to
Marva, has put in here leaky, and must discharge to repair.

VESSELS SPOKEN

John Cabot, from Africa for this port. 10th Aug., in lat. 32,
lon. 30, out fifty days, very leaky— Charles Forbes, from Bom.
bay for China, 29th April, in lat. 6 north, captain ill—Catherine
Jamieson, 2d June, in lat. 25—Socrates, for Calcutta, 21st
July, in lat. 11 north—Lancashire, hence in lat. 50, by the
Ursula—British Monarch, from Cuba for Loudon, 4th Aug. off
Cape Antonio—Cairo, Elphinstone, and Tropic, all from Ja-
maica for London, 9th Aug., in the Gulf—Corfu, hence for St.
3ohn's N. 8., 6th ,in 50, lon. Erskine,
'
na
for Chi, jthinstant instant, inlat. lat. 51. lon. 14—Juliet
11, by the GOver-
-4;l*--Voluna, Ganges, and Sunbury, 6th instant, in I:.t. 47, lon.
b J the steamer Caledonia—Leone, from Panama for Havre,
port Philip for London, 21st Aug., in tat. 36 north, lon. 3g west,
by the Enchantress—Robert Pulsford, 2d Aug., in lat. 13 north,
lon. 36 west—lda, hence for Quebec, sth instant, in lat. 49—
Aurora, of this port, and Success, from Calcutta f,r London,
28th Aug.. in lat. 40 north, lon. 38 west—Castle Lauchlan,
from Jamaica, for London, '2gth Aug., in lat. 41, lon. 39—Rock-
91ire, I lth instant, off Bardsey, by the f.intin—Malabar, sth
Istant in lat. 50, lon. 13—Niagara, hence, 50th Aug. in lat. 51,
~°1?- 31—Bolton Abbey, hence for Valparaiso, 3d June—Valpa-
irso. bth Aug., in lat. 16 north, lon. '27 the Paragon—
St. Helena, from Mozambique for Simon's Bay, sth
July> in lat. 35. t south, lon. 21 east—Ostrich, from Madras for
f c,,„°o, 20th 'Aug in lat. 30 north, lon. 40 west—Templar,
N,,r-e'"v. Ceylon for this. port, 30th Aug., in lat. 40 north, lon. 37
i 17th Aug., in lat. 25, lon. 36—Hope, of Work-
st
hoMeward bound, 10th instant, off Tuskar—Agnes, I lth
Quebec off Bardsey, by the Jumna—Zenobia, hence for
in lat;' 3.1 St Aug. in lat. 48, lon. 48—Gunga, hence, 25th July,
7%, " 15 north, lon. 26 west— Amity, hence, in lat. 48, lon. 31—
las Lowry, Graham, hence for Sydney, N.S.W., 29th July,
Cork ("111, lon. 25 west—Joseph Wheeler, from Sydney for
34, 04'0012 put into Flores for provisions,) lgth Aug., in lat.
In ". l 42 at. ~,7. —Lewis, from Rio Janeiro for Bremen, 3d instant,
'at. 35 lon. 29—Zante Packet, from this port, igth Aug., in
°,O. 7—Eliza, from Gulf of Taranto for Plymouth, 21st
Clyd
e
in lat 37 lon. 9—Ranger, from Marseilles for the
insta.nt, in lat. 45, lon. 16.

SA,ISATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 19.—Wind South, light.
Ai';').--Larpent, Bland, for Bombay—Glendaragh, Kissock,
0110 Stoddart, Dean, for Calcutta—Vesta, Shearer, and
14as 'l:3'iller for Rio Janeiro—Serampore, Baker, and Arelie-
'belphc;"_telle', for New Orleans—Columbia, Rollins, for Phila-
illy (s), Ryrie ; Henrietta, Eaton, and Mary Sheil,
or ryd°r Halifax, N.S.—Venelia, Walker, foF Newfoundland—
hice, Brown, for Newfoundland, Rm.—Liverpool, Simford,
ZJira ,JOll. N.B.—Spartan, Prowse, for Prince Edward Island
Clipperton; Waterloo Packet, Kenny, and Hrghlander,
Del c' 'or Dordt—C August, Ashkendorff, for Danne—Mary,
tatei'ste, for Antwerp—Ann Ingate, Mad n, for Anco.na—
treeini.', baglish, for Elsinore—lnvoice, Rollings, for Syra-
4galta", Minde, for Memel—Levantine (s), Easterley, for
Jab' &c.
terp,lr. Chinow ; Charlotte, Rendell, and Ed, Ball, from Li-
at Messina.
arecan'tr, Nicholas, from Liverpool, for Labrador, at Baltimore
pm_ ), with loss of foretopmast and mainmast sprung.
Abb,Vider, Rice • Acadia, Younger; Diana, Crow; Fairfield,
butt and Columbia, Crowar, from Liverpool, at St. Peters-
' ehristi.,
• Wassi, cols Haab, Rude, hence off Frederickshaven.
Nort,'Y Welliko, Chernitsky, hence at Copenhagen.
tish, Algayrd, hence at Hamburg.
txe„. auks, Curtis, hence at Palermo.
Liveg'anze, Shaxon, from Messina. at Palermo, and sailed for
gPool. 3oth August.
asArtg.ina, Turcan, sailed from Palermo, for Liverpool, 31st
Ait h.tri
iv I) 'te, Harris, from Patagonia, at .
inda Kennedy, from Jamaica, off Cove.

STJNDAY, SEPTEMBER 20. Wind S.E., light.
ARRIVEDpriJohn Farnworth, Christie, from Jamaica—Ocean,
4.o::cliard, from Moulmein—Jane Anderson, M.Killar, from St.
brrew, N B._Katinka, Caseley, and King Alfred. —, from
ernia—Ocean (al, —, from Havre—Lucy Ann, Askew, from
killing,
Weekland, from Uleaborg—Bethlehem,
`,..llinE, from Riga.
n.— Paragon Ledger, for Ceylon—Knickerbocker, Stege,
kor St. Thomas—T. Bennett, Eldridge, for Charleston—Theodosia,
Irving. for New Orleans—Kestrel, Turner, for St. St. John, N.B.
"—British Merchant, Shield, and Jane, Potts, for St. John, N.B.
--Tory, Kelly. for Yarmouth, N.S.—Johanna, Linse for Dauzic
Albion, Stanford, for Dordt—John Hall, Tracey, for Genoa—
Princess Josephine, Lassen, for Hamburg—Arthemise, Duche-
min , for Havre-2Eolus, Marks, and Concordia, Bindeman, for
Memel—Patriot, Christie, for Pernau—Lonise, Prutz, for Riga.

Orphan, Burrows, for New York, that put into Belfast Lough
uismasted, has been towed pack to this port for repairs.
Twee Gebroeders, Gertrueding, and Clemence, Ninteman,
.epee at Scheldt.
Elvezer, Phillips, hence at Havre.
460recluita Clementina, sailed from Cadiz, for Liverpool, sth
September
Flota. from Denis, for Liverpool, off Lisbon.
Laurence, Salmon, from Arracan, at Downs.

`T
4A
• IM RN

TIDE TABLE

HEIOHT

HOLYDAYS , ETC

- ,
I, .
1 ep .
•,,,,',egdayS 25 —..._. 07)16 10
'n
ednes. 23 023 039 16 10
~.n.urs... 24 055 111 tl6 9
day.. 25 128 11 45 116
Saturday 26 2 4 2 konday. 15 1
aundaY - 23
27 245 3 7 14 0 16th Sunday aft. Trinity
28 3 3 .4 5 13 0

LIVERPOOL CORN EXCHANGE, SEPT. 15.
There was less animation at our market this morning ;
in Wheat and Flour a limited business done for.consump-
don, at prices rather lower than this day week.
Oats and Oatmeal are also cheaper, and bonded Flour
but little inquired for, either in store or on the passage.
Indian Corn is the only article much noticed to-day,
an active demand being experienced at about 2s. advance
on the currency of this day se'nnigbt.