The Liverpool Standard and General Commercial Advertiser.
Liverpool, Merseyside, England, 1843-09-19 00:00:00

COTTAGERS' PRIZkS

FRUIT.—Dish of A pples—lst, Richard Mann; 2nd,
Timothy Mason. Dish of Plums-Ist, Timothy Mason ;
2nd. John Woodward. Basket of Fruit—lst, Betty Win-
stanley; 2nd, Timothy Mason; 3rd, Richard Mason.
Dish of Pears—lst, Betty Winstanley ; 2nd, T. Mason.
VEGETABLES.—Brace of Cucumbers—lst, Richard
Mason; 2nd, Betty Hitchmough. Celery-Ist, Richard
Mason; 2nd Betty Hitchmough; 3rd, Thomas Moss.
Cauliflower—Betty Winstanley. Brace of Red Cabbage
—Richard Mason. Brace of White Garden Cabbage—
Richard Mason. Bunch of Onions—lst, Richard Mason ;
2nd, Timothy Mason. Garden Turnips—Richd. Mason.
Carrots—Betty Hitchmough. Parsley—Betty Hitch-
mough. Bunch of Swept Herbs—Betty Hitchmough.
The best Basket of Vegetables—Betty Winstanley.
PLANTS.—Geraniums—Richard Mason. Fuchsias—
Richard Mason.

BASKET OF CUT FLOWERS.-12, Richard Mason ; 2nd,
Timothy Mason.

DEVICE OF CUT FLOWERS.-ISt, Ralph Ashton; 2nd,
Betty Winstanley.
DAHLIAS : 12 varieties.—lst, John Quick ; 2nd, Tim.
Mason; 3rd, Richard Mason. Six varieties-Ist, Richd.
Mason; 2nd, Timothy Mason; 3rd, John Quick. The
best Dahlia of any colour—Timothy Mason.
HERBACEOUS PLANTS.—Betty Hitchmough.
PAN OF RosEs.—lst, Richard Mason; 2nd, Timothy
Mason.

PAN OF PANSIES.—Ist, Richard Mason ; 2nd, Timothy
Mason.

CLEANEST AND NRATEST COTTAGE.-ISt, £2, Betty
Winstanley ; 2nd, £l, Richard Mason ; 3rd, 10s., Martha
Mawdsley.

ROSES'AND CREEPERS.-Ist, Martha Mawdsley ; 2nd,
Betty Winstanley.
BASKET OF WINDOW PLANTS.—RiChard Mason.
REWARD FOR LENGTH OF SERVICE.—John Hitch-
mough, who had worked for thirty-eight years in the
same family. _

MODEL OF A FLOWER GARDEN.—James Edgington
SUBSCRIBERS' PRIZES.

PAN OF DAHLIAS.—Mr. Patrick Manley.
PAN OF ROSES.—Richard Alison, Esq.
PAN OF PANSIES.---Mr. Richard Mason.
DEVICE OF CUT FLOWERS.—C. S. Parker, Esq.
TRAY OF FRUIT.--lst, R. Alison, Esq. ; 2nd, Mr. Levi
Hitchmough.

VEGETAALES.—CeIery—Mr. Joseph Boyes. Cabbage
—Mr. Fazakerley. Cucumbers—Mr. John Molyneuz.
Onions—Mr. Thomas Hunt.

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCE.—White Wheat-Ist, Mr.
Thos. Bramall ; 2nd, Mr. Robt. Turton. Red Wheat-
-Ist, Mr. Robt. Turton; 2nd, Mr. Richard Dwerryhouse.
White Oats—Mr. Levi H itchmough. Barley—M r. Thos.
Bramall. Beans—Mr. Thos. Wright. Swedish Turnips
—lst, Mr. Thos. Lawrence ; 2nd, R. Watt, Esq.
EXTRA PRlZES.—Turnips—Mr. W. Longton, Mr. W.
Boyes, and Mr. Richd. Dwerryhouse. Cabbages—Mr.
Lawrence and Mr. Levi Hitchmough. Model of Hale
Church, Mr. Ralph Dunbabin. Model of Hale Parson-
age-house, Mr. Brookfield. Device of the "Cock and
Trumpet," Mr. James Winstanley.

We are glad to observe, that Mr. Edward Davis, op
tician of Shrewsbury and Cheltenham, (well known and
respected in Liverpool,) has been appointed by her Ma-
jesty the Queen Dowager to supply her with philosophical
instruments during her stay at Whitley Court.
SUDDEN DEATH.—On Tuesday evening last, as a car-
ter, named Thomas Salisbury, about 45 years of age. was
taking his tea, at the gate of his master's stables, in Upper
Frederick-street, he suddenly fell down on the ground,
without uttering a word. Mr. Fitzgibbon, surgeon, was
instantly sent for, but pronounced him to be dead.
ARRIVAL OF THE GREAT WESTERN.—Tbe Great
Western steam-ship, Capt. Hosken, arrived in the Mersey
at four o'clock on Thursday morning. She left the wharf
at New York on the 31st ultimo, at two p.m., stopped off
the battery for a passenger, and started, full speed, at a
quarter before three. She was unable to get the steam
properly up during the greater part of the way, owing to
the badness of the coal. She performed the passage in
about thirteen days twelve hours. The accounts by this
vessel are of the same date as those by the Hibernia.
FREE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.—A most numerous
meeting of the friends of the Free Church of Scotland was
held at the Liverpool Amphitheatre on Thursday evening,
Mr. Alexander Dunlop in the chair, upon which occasion
very powerful addresses were delivered on behalf of the
recent secession by Dr. Cooke, of Belfast, Dr. Buchanan,
of Edinburgh, and Mr. M. Crighton, of Fifeshire. In
reply to a question as to whether the non-intrusion party
were friendly to the established Church of England, the
chairman replied that they were friendly to all, of every
Christian denomination, who held the faith of Christ in
common with themselves.

RE-OPENING OF RAINIIILL CHURCH.—This church,
which was only built a few years ago, has, through the
inrncaant t.hemrs of /kg nresent incumbent. the Rev.
T. B. Ingham, late Of uongieton, been round too swan
for its worshippers, and called forth an enlargement—
which undertaking has been accomplished ; and to defray
the expenses private subscriptions have been made to a
tolerable amount, and recourse had to public collections.
Thursday last was the day announced for the re-opening,
when the rev. incumbent read prayers, and selected for
the first lesson the eighth chapter of the first book of
Kings, and for the second lesson part of the fourth chap-
ter of St. Luke's gospel, after which the Hey. Hugh
Stowell, of Manchester, delivered a most impressive
sermon.

STEALING TIMBEIL—On Wednesday last, John Jones
was brought up at the police-court, charged with stealing
veneers, mahogany, &c., from the premises of Messrs.
S. and J. Holmes, in wose employ he had been for some
time. The prisoner had lodged with a person named
Carmen, and had been observed to bring home timber at
different times ; he had also been frequently spoken to
respecting the manner in which he had obtained it, and
on one occasion threw some veneers into the fire. On
searching the prisoner's lodgings, a piece of mahogany
was found, also some veneers in his tool chest. He said
the wood had been given to him by a person named Jar-
man. Mr. Rushton considered that some further inquiry
should be made, and the prisoner was accordingly re-
manded.

THE POLYTECHNIC SOCIETY.-The first monthly
meeting of this society, after the summer vacation, took
place on Tuesday last, and was well attended. A very
interesting paper " On Modern Architecture" was read
by Mr. Horner, who admirably explained the comparative
styles and the respective merits of ancient and modern
structures. He illustrated his subject by a tine collection
of bold line engravings, drawings, and diagrams—the
latter drawn at the moment, and showing a rare taste
and rapidity as a draftsman. He gave the preference to
general English Gothic architecture over that of the con-
tinent, and, we think, established his position by referring
to York Minster and other buildings, as compared with
those of foreign countries. He also gave some pleasing
illustrations on the structure of roofs, including those of
the modern material—iron. A short and interesting dis-
cussion followed. We shall probably furnish an abstract
of the lecture in our next—being at present pressed for
room.

GARDEN THEFTS.—CAUTION TO DEPREDATORS.—
Two men were yesterday brought before Mr. Rushton, on
a charge of stealing a quantity of apples from the garden
of Mr. Squires, near Kirkdale. An old man who had
been out taking his early Sunday morning walk, saw one
of them come out of the garden with two handkerchiefs
full of something, which afterwards turned out to be
apples. He soon after joined the other, who was not far off,
and the witness followed them, and had them apprehended
at Walton. The evidence against one of them (Perry)
was not conclusive, and he was discharged. Mr. Rushton,
in addressing them, spoke strongly and justly on the
meanness and dishonesty of fellows who robbed gardens,
after the owners had taken pains during the season, or for
years, to bring their fruit to perfection ; and he quoted
the section of the act against parties who destroyed or
stole vegetable stuffs, which renders them liable to im-
prisonment and hard labour for a period not exceeding
six months. He then required the delinquent to pay Is.
(the value of the apples), and 20s. fine for the offence, or
to be imprisoned seven days.
THE NEW CHURCH AT RAINHILL.—We have no-
ticed in another paragraph the re-opening of this church,
and have since been supplied with the following additional
particulars :—The church was originally built about seven
years ago, and then contained about 350 people. It has
now been enlarged to accommodate about 700. The funds
have been partly provided by the Chester Diocesan So-
ciety, by one of the London societies, and by private sub-
scriptions. The cost of enlargement, including the erec-
tion of a new tower and spire, now in progress, will be
about £BOO. The interior of the church has been greatly
improved by opening and ornamenting the roof, and by
the introduction of beautiful painted windows in the
chancel and transepts. Indeed, we have seldom seen so
pretty a little church as'it now is. The rich painted win-
dows, executed by Mr. Evans, of Shrewsbury, in his
usual excellent manner, throw a lively tone over the whole
interior of the church, which makes the mind feel it is in
a sacred place, which we wish were more frequent in reli-
gious edifices. The alterations, which gave unmixed gra-
tification to all who had the pleasure of being at the le-
opening, have been made under the direction of Mr.
Welch, architect, of Liverpool, and, we doubt not, when
the new tower is completed, the change in the external
will be as striking as is already effected within the build-
ing. After the ceremony, as many of the ladies and gen-
tlemen as could be :.ccommodated, were hospitably enter-
tained and refreshed at the Parsonage, and retired highly
gratified with the whole proceedings of the day.

NUTRITION OF THE DATE.—An African traveller ob-
serves that the Barbary date possesses the quality of nu-
trition in so great a degree as to be unequalled by any
other production of nature. The English receive but very
moderate supplies of this valuable fruit, which prevents
its importance being generally known ; but its efficacy is
unfailing in giving strength and vigour to the constitution,
whether in youth, manhood, or old age. Milton alludes
to it when he mentions—
Fruits of palm-tree pleasantest to thirst
And hunger both..

CHARGE OF SEDUCTION AND ROBBERY.

At the Police-court, on Saturday, the case which has
appeared in the local papers was brought betore Mr.
Rushton, three men having been apprehended as the
guilty parties, and the girl herself, her father, and her
cousin, a young woman, having been brought from Tar-
porley, where they reside. One of the prisoners, James
M'Dowall, was admitted to he the pretended husband :
the other two, apprehended as having aided in the mock
marriage and robbery, the young woman declared she had
never before seen. Their names were John and James
AP Duff; but, as Mr. Dowling announced that they could
not be identified, and that there was reason to believe
they were not the right parties, they were almost immedi-
ately removed from the bar. We quote the remainder of
our report from the Albion:—
Miss Reece, whose age is said to be about eighteen, is
evidently a simple, artless young woman, of handsome
features, with light auburn hair. She was very neatly at-
tired in a coloured muslin dress and straw bonnet. She
carried a reticule in her hand, and by her side stood her
father and cousin. From her statement it appeared that
she was the daughter of a stonemason, and that, during
the Tarporley wakes, she met the prisoner, first at a small
public-house in that town, where there was a village
dance, and afterwards at her own house and that of her
sister, at Kersal. After having paid his addresses to her
for about three days, making proposals of marriage, and
appointing the following Monday for the celebration of the
nuptials, he took his leave of her on a Thursday evening,
having first made her promi-e, " So help her God," to
meet him on the pierhead of Liverpool on Saturday. She
at first expressed some reluctance to use the words " So
help her God," or " By God," for she could not exactly
recollect which of those expressions he told her to repeat.
but she at length consented to his request. and they
parted. Accordingly, upon the Friday night, she started
froni borne with her sister Martha, and met him between
the hours of three and four o'clock on the following day,
on the Liverpool pierhead. He then accompanied them
to an inn, where the cousin and herself slept together that
night and the next, he showing some attention and con-
cern on their behalf, telling them to make themselves
comfortable and to be sure to look tinder their bed, lest
any fellow might be hiding there. When Monday ar-
rived, the day on which he promised to make her his wife,
he feigned sonic excuse, and amongst other things,
alleged that he was short of money, whereupon the cousin
refused to remain any longer. and left for Tarporley.
After her departure he took her to Mrs. Dixon's tavern,
where he said she was his wife from that moment, and,
having made her sware that she was, they slept toge-
ther that night. In the morning lie asked complainant
whether she had any money, to which she replied in the
affirmative, and he then took £5 out of her purse, which
was lying on the side of the bed, and left the house, for
the purpose, as he alleged, of buying the ring and the
license; the cost of both of which, he said, would exactly
amount to the sum he had taken. In a little time after
he returned, and stated that he bad been to John's Church ;
that the clerk said the parson would not be up till ten
o'clock ; and that he could not proc. e a license without
going to the Bishop of Chester. The latter part of this
statement she discredited, but he silaiiced her rising doubts
by telling her that she might go to ! clerk and satisfy
herself of its truth. After which, 1 , out, and, hav-
ing brought in two of his companh s, they sat down to-
gether and finished three bottles of wine together before
they stirred. After his companions had gone, he cried,
said that he had done wrong, and that she could have him
imprisoned and kept to hard labour if she pleas( ; but,
after he had ceased to weep, he went out and speedily re-
turned with a black eye. She remain d with him that
night also ; and, on the following morning, he requested
of her to give him whatever additional money she had,
saying, that she had now no call for it, that she had better
give it to him to take care of, and that one of his pockets
should belong to her and the other to himself. She at
first refused to surrender her purse, which contained £7,
but he succeeded in getting it from her, and ssed,
though repeatedly asked afterwards, to return a single
farthing. Miss Reece, who told her tale with amazing
volubility, was proceeding to show next the manner in
which he had effected his escape from her, and how she
had been restored to her father, when
Mr. Rushton asked her whether there was any marriage ?
She replied in the negative.
Mr. Dowling said that there was no pretence for saying
that there ever had been a marriaga Between the parties,
although that was the offence for which the prisoner had
been brought to Liverpool, and that the original state-
ment on this subject, in the newspapers, had been greatly
exaf gerated.
Miss Reece said that, in her absence, the prisoner had
shown a paper to her ceasin, and represented that it was
a license.
Mr. Rushton said that he was reluctantly obliged to
stop the case, inasmuch as no larceny appeared to have
been committed and no force used. He thought the girl's
conduct had been extremely imprudent, and that it ought
to be a lesson to other girls how they formed an intimacy
with fellows of the kind, who prowled about the country
in search of prey. The prisoner was deserving of the
strongest condemnation ; his conduct was perfectly dis-
graceful; he should be left to the reprobation of -11 honest
men ; and it was only to he regretted that, ui :ei 'he as-
pect of the case, the magistrates could nut take Las proper
cognizance of the offence.

The prisoner, who was said to be a Manchester man,
was then ordered to be discharged.

GLEN EsK.—Lord Panmure had a strong party this
season of sportsmen in Glen Esk, and seldom have his
lordship's friends enjoyed such sport as they had this
season. During the first fortnight 3.400 brace of grouse
rewarded their toil. The first four days the average was
from fifty-six to twenty brace a gun. Sir T. Moncrieffe
was the 2.st t successful.—Caledonian i fallei.l(--Qiatna 3Lfiei .r/i/j1„1 uiL
abundant, it may be agreeable to know that in trance a
pleasant bread is made by a mixture of flour and apples,
in the proportion of one of the latter to two of the former.
The same quantity of yeast as in common bread, beat up
with the flour, add warm pulp of the apples, and when
boiled the dough is considered set. Then put it into a
proper vessel, allow it to rise for eight or twelve hours,
and bake it in long loaves. Very little water is requisite,
and none generally if the apples are fresh.
RAILWAY TO BURY.—The Manchester and Leeds
Railway Company have commenced surveys of the coun-
try betwixt Heywood and Bury, for the purpose of ex-
tending the Heywood branch railway through the vale of
the Roch to the large and increasing town of Bury. This
will be an extensive public improvement, as it will open a
new line of communication with Manchester and Liver-
pool on the south, and Rochdale, Leeds, York, and Hull
on the east.

DEATH OF DICK CURTIS, THE RENOWNED CHAMPION
OF THE LIGHT WEIGHTS. - This celebrated pugilist,
whose science and prowess in the prize ring was for years
the admiration of the sporting world, on Saturday even-
ing last paid the debt of nature, at his house in Little
Surrey-street, Blackfriars-road, London. He had long
been ill from his nightly excesses amongst the scions of
aristocracy, which sapped the foundation of a vigorous
constitution.

BUTTER WITHOUT CHURNING.—A cow, the property
of Mr. W. Smith, of Whittlesea, has been regularly
milked for the last twelve months, but during the last
thirteen weeks, after standing for two meals as usual, the
cream, when taken off, has changed gradually to butter
without the assistance of a churn of any description, and,
when made up, is considerably firmer than any other but-
ter at this season of the year. Strange as this may ap-
pear, it is an indisputable fact.—Stamford paper.
Horne Tooke, when at Eton, was one day asked by the
master the reason why a certain verb governed a particular
case ? He answered, " I don't know." " That is im-
possible," said the master. " I know you are not ig-
norant, but obstinate." Horne, however, persisted, and
the master flogged. After the punishment the master
quoted the rule of grammar which bore on the subject,
and Horne instantly replied, "I know that very well ;
but you did not ask me for the rule, you demanded the
reason."

The town of Ipswich was visited on Sunday afternoon
by a thunder storm of unusual violence. The rain de-
scended in torrents ; and after a short interval the water
rushed through the streets like a river. The congregation
Church of St. Peter's Church were detained in the for an
hour, as the streets were impassable ; and then were only
able to escape by placing 1,1 inks across the road and form-
ing a temporary bridge. The Key Church and St. Ni—
cholas Church were so flooded that there was no afternoon
service. Many of the inhabitants have sustained conside-
rable damage.

MISHAPS OF TOWN COUNCILLORS.—When the Mayor
and Corporation of Devenport were proceeding in separate
boats, to present their address to her Majesty, on her ar-
rival off Plymouth, their boats became separated, and
some delay occurred in making their way to the royal
yacht.—Another Western Mayor (Truro, we believe,)
was capsiz:A, and half drowned; of course he could not
appear in the royal presence.--The corporate dignities of
Falmouth also got separated while on their way to the
yacht, and the address of the inhabitants could not be
presented by the deputation of the corporation who were
charged with it. When the Mayor (Joseph Fox, Esq.),
was presented to her Majesty, he kept his hat on. It was
explained to the Queen that he was a Quaker ; upon which
her Majesty smiled, and said, " Oh, I know," as inti-
mating her acquaintance with this peculiarity. Her Ma-
jesty then turned to Prince Albert, and, smilingly, spoke
to him of the Quakers, of their dress and p
customs.

POSTOFFICE NOTICE.—The following notice has been
izsued by command of the Postmaster. General :—" Her
Majesty's Government having decided that Southampton
shall be made the port of arrival and departure for the
Peninsular, Mediterranean, Oriental, and
tNirvi-esetsTtoiflluntri(silei.a
mails, instead of Falmouth, the following are thearrange-
ments which have been sanctioned, and which will come
into operation on and from the 18th instant, on which day
the next packet for the West Indies will be dispatched
from Southampton. The respective mails to be forwarded
,paaieldkettrsanfrsommitteSdoufrtohmamLptooinidoanij
bLyontdhoen
pre-
sent, upon the undermentioned day's :—Peuinsular mails,
namely Vigo, Oporto, Lisbon, Cadiz, and Gibraltar, every
by the morning instead of the evening mails, as at
Thursday. Mediterranean, namely, Malta, Greece, and
*EI sgtyopft tahre:imlotili(tiliia andthe
month. West Indies the t2d and 17th Of the
lltobeSomuatidiaemupptoina
The Brazilian packet will continue to be despatched month.
(tihiey Io
nearestnio?
the Islands,
i .5 rtil,i.e
Falmouth as at present. Letters to and from the from
terranean and the East Indies,
the Aledi-
i ~ &c., intended
to be for-
warded by the direct packer,
should henceforward be ' instead of via' Marseilles,
* When the ht of the addressed rid Southampton." lc month fall-
Mediterranean and East India mails will be made up in
London and despatched on t
f When the 2d on 17 I the previous morning.
t i of the month falls on a Sun-
day, the West India mail will be made up and despatched
on the following morning.

i.ittrature.

POETRY

SONGS OF BLARNEY

Hurrah for reptile ± let the cry ring aloud,
And mountain and valley re-echo the din ;
The blood-seeking Sassenachs, haughty and proud,
Will quail in their hearts when our war-notes begin

Too long they have crushed us, too long they have swayed,
But the term of their license kill quietly he o'er;
Though the cry for revenge has awhi'e been delayed,

Now raise it in earnest, and pay of' the score

When repale we have got there is nothing we'll want,
For Erin and freedom then make the air ring!
Good whisky and bale you will have without scant,
And when we succeed I will soon be your king !

'Tis I'll lead the way, stick you fast to my tail.
But rememher, my boys—need I give you the hint
That you'll neither get whisky, nor bafe. nor repale,
Unless, my dear jewels, you bring. me the " tint."

It oug

secretion

ma! have

EYeet,

ind, h

The subject
the fact of

In looking

fruit, to

of blueish or
skv."—Dl

greyish masses forming the horizon and
.Arnvitt's Elements of Physic, Vol. 11. Part I.
p. 265. Longman, Rees, & Co., London. 1829.
Electricity : Shock Direct and Indirect.—ln order to
certify the reader as to the double source of danger in a
thunder-storm,—which is, in fact, an electric discharge
between clouds oppositely electrified, accompanied with
the usual phenomena of flash and sound, only operated
on a grand and terrific scale,—we shall premise that all
bodies are possessed of electricity, and that the spark
and noise are not the solitary indications of a disturbance
of that fluid in a body, or of its restoration to its equili-
brium again. The shock felt by any body, animate or
inanimate, when its electrical condition has been dis-
turbed and recomposed, is generally considered to be the
direct effect of restoring the balance between positive
(vitreous of French philosophers) and negative (resinous
of French) electric states : but it may be also caused in
a manner indirect and circuitously, in technical words
by induction.

In order to show how this occurs, we shall translate a
passage from a first-rate work on physic, embracing
electricity, in French, by M. Pouillet, wherein the author
details an experiment quite conclusive on the point, and
which illustrates the principles by a practical example,
and can be repeated by any one who chooses 90 to do at
their leisure.

M. Pouillet, speaking• of bodies electrified by induc-
tion, returning to their original state as soon as the influence
ceases, remarks that this may occur in two ways, instan-
taneously or gradually : in either case the recomposition
of the two electric fluids takes place correspondingly.
" In these phenomena," M. Pouillet proceeds, "neither
one nor other of the fluids issues from the mass which
receives the electric influence, but they both experience
a change of place throughout the extent of the mass, as
well when they separate as whe❑ they reunite ; and
these rapid electrical motions produce in the ponderable
particles of matter very remarkable mechanical disturb-
ances or chemical effects.

For example, a frog, prepared and arranged as shown
in the adjoining figure,t appears to experience no effect
when the machine is turned slowly, which charges the
conductor with vitreous (positive) electricity ; neverthe-
less its natural electricity is disturbed by induction, the
resinous (negative) is excited in that part of the frog
corresponding to the conductor (head), whilst the vitreous
(positive) is repelled into the ground by the wire ; and,
as soon as a spark is drawn from the conductor, the
sudden reconv,sition of the electricities in the frog im-
presses upon its whole body a sort of convulsion, which
makes it leap as if it sprung up by a voluntary motion ;
stl iking proof, that, in the return to the natural state, the
particles of bodies are thrown into agitation by the elec-
trical fluids in their effort to re-unite.
A disturbance of this kind is called the return shock.
The experiment would not be attended with success upon
a frog after it has been dead five or six hours ; but it
would succeed very well with a frog just decapitated and
skinned, and better still with a living frog just out of the
water.

In connexion with a powerful machine, a man who
is in communication with the ground: undergoes similar
shocks. This may be tried with a conductor on a grand
scale : two persons placed at the two extremities of this
conductor do not experience sensible effects whilst the
charge is made ; but if one of them approaches sufficiently
near the conductor to draw sparks, the other experiences,
at the moment, all the violence of the return shock,
without the appearance of any trace of electricity or light
between him and the conductor.

In studying the effects of thunder, we shall see that
a storm cloud may act in an analogous manner, and strike
at one and the same time, by the direct and by the return
shock."

The interruption to the transmission of electricity
from the earth and bodies on its surface, to the clouds,
when the latter fly high, and the air itself is dry and in-
sulating, i.e. non-conducting, along with other favoura-
ble meteorological conditions, as to temperature pres-
sure, &c. ; is supposed to account for that buoyant ex-
altation of the common feeling, called by the Germans
genzeingefiihl the opposite atmospheric conditions, of
course then, will account for the opposite feelings of
languor and depression, by the loss of electricity our bo-
dies sustain (using a common term) through the im-
proved conducting media of moist water air, near clouds,
&c.: this state of depressed animal energy is subject of
notoriety —not only amongst ourselves as human beings,
but also among all classes of the animal creation. In
some nervous temperaments, i. e. where irritability and
sensibility of the body are not counterpoised by the equal
developments of the muscular and circulating systems,
the sensations during a thunder storm are exquisitely
distressing, quite apart from the moral condition such as
alarm—those whose legs have been fractured or hurt it
may be years ago—who may have old gun-shot wounds,
&c., find these places, become painful; all this may be
owing to electrical changes in ourselves andbodies around:
the strength of body and animal spirits return after the
thunder has " cleared the air," as people say—or as we
should rather say, after the air has cleared itself of the
thunder cloud, which return shows the depression to
have been independent of muscular exertion.
Shoes and Boots.—With reference to the plan of wear-
ing cork soles, which we omitted to speak about, we
have lately seen a new plan of inserting the cork sole,
which certainly to our mind obviates many of the objec-
tions to the old plan, whereby the leakage through the
stitching of the upper leather is prevented by a series of
double stitching, which renders the upper leather more
secure than before, whilst guarding against the possi-
-r - _ a_..z._a ~.. ~1.., NVIr. J. e lignuness and

effectual resistance to wet seems to recommend this plan
far before the heavy leather soles, for.those who have
much walking in all weathers. We shall try the plan
for some time, and hereafter, if the work should attain
to the honour of a second edition, we can give the result
of the trial fairly. A boot-maker of the name of Russell,
Duke-street, Liverpool, is the party to whom we allude
as having drawn our attention to his " improved cork
sole."

With regard to the wear of woollen socks—especially
when the soft fine lamb's wool is used, as in the before
alluded to, midge pattern—the method of washing them
requires care in order to prevent them felting, or " run-
ning up," so as to become inconveniently small; thebest
plan is to have them washed before deeply soiled, so as
that they can be rapidly washed in hot water, and
immediately put upon awooden stretcher to dry gradually;
by this means they will keep their shape and elasticity.

Instructions to Bathers.—" With respect to the man-
ner of bathing, the most important point is to moderate
the shock to the nervous and the delicate. This, as a
general rule, is best done by a sudden immersion of the
whole body. The uneasy feelings are much augmented
by the practice, adopted by the timid, of gradually per-
mitting the water to ascend higher and higher until the
whole body is immersed. A little fortitude is necessary
to take the first plunge, but after this little or no incon-
venience is g .nerally felt ny repeating it. The time
best adapted for bathing demands also a passing com-
ment. By common consent, early in the morning, before
breakfast, is preferred ; and it is considered to be impro-
per whilst digestion is going on, or at least during the
early stages. The process of digestion occasions a con-
centration of the vital activity on the stomach, and this
is morbidly modified by any cause that acts powerfully
on the nervous system, or interferes with the general
vascular and nervous action, as bathing certainly does.
But although before breakfast is the best, it is not the
only time for bathing. Under similar circumstances it
may be advantageously had recourse to whenever diges-
tion is completed, or considerably advanced. The best
general rules for guidance, as to the use of the cold bath
especially, when performed at seasonable times, are not
to employ it when the individual is cool or chilly, or when
the heat is undergoing resolution by the establishment
of perspiration, which is a cooling process."—Dr. Dung-
linson's Elements of Hygiene. Philadelphia, 1835.
(P. 417.)
Let even a coward, at entering the water, but believe
the fact, that " the human body, in an ordinary healthy
state, with the chest full of air, is lighter than water;"
and? as 'Ur. Arnott justly t•bserves, "it would lead to the
saving of more lives, in cases of shipwreck and in other
accidents, than all the mechanical life preservers which
man's ingenuity will ever contrive."

e., pot insulate!