Star.
London, England, 1823-07-14 00:00:00

BAYONNE, JULY 6.

Among the various accounts which we have re-
ceived from M.tdrid, we select the following parti-
culars, the corre,:ness of which we of course cannot
guarantee, but w.iich, coming from persons who have
the means of being well informed, are not unwoi thy
of attention :

a MADRID, JULY 1.

" We by *no means enjoy here the tranquillity which
the arrival of the French and the establishment of
the Regency seemed to prOmise. Confidence dimi-
nishes, and the majority of the Sp'aniards apprehend
that the struggle will be long and sanguinary : their
apprehensions are partly founded on the conduct of.
the Regency, which they judge to be impolitic, in
as much as it seems to flitter and depend upon the
unenlightened and ferocious part of the nation. The
proscription of individuals of the better classes ex-
tends daily, and but for the presence of the French,
massacre and pillage would have covered Spain with
mourning. Fur this reason, people in this capital
think themselves happy to have French soldiers in
their houses, whom many do not quit even in the
public walks and theatres: the common people mur-
mur at this preference, and call the French who ac-
company the citizens, traitors or Jacobins. Com-
plaints have been made to the-Commandant, and se-
veral officershareheen obliged to change their quar-
ters : but this degenerating into abuse, it has-been
found necessary to acknowledge, that if such voci-
ferations were not despised, the officers must be quar-
tered in the houses of shoemakers and masons, who
could not even offer them a chair.

This will give an idea of the unpleasant situation
in which we are, and of the rage or despair of the
partisans of the Faith, who are disliked even by the
French. Addresses have. been sent to the Regency,
from the provinces, demanding the reestablishment
of absolute power, and of the Inquisition : as that
tribunal never affected the rower classes, they are
pleased with this, and it is not probably for nothing
that repairs are making in the, prisOns of the Holy
Office in this capital, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid,
and Logrono. Emigration continues, and all the
Constitutional divisions have with them a train of un-
fortunate individuals, who have fled to avoid the ven-
geance of the partisans of the Faith, not td speak of
those who have emigrated and still are emigrating to
foreign countries. The Members of the Government
at Madrid, elated by their triumph, have net agreed
with the Counsellors of the Duke, on the necessity of,
a reconciliation, and the anathema has been pro-'
nounced, whence it will result, that the Constitution-
alists who are still in arms will not so readdilay them
down. The Regency issues decrees from day to day,
but they are not executed in the provinces, especially
if they tend to require Enancial aid, so that the Army
of the Faith is in want of everything, and suLiiSts•
only on requisitions, or the assistance of the, French ;
in a word, these latter are in the same situation as the
English were in the last war, who were forced to sup-
ply the Spaniards with everything, even tobaced;
only that Spain 'had at thactime immense resources,
of which it is now destitute.
" The scanty contributions that are levied arc ab-

sorbed among the governors and their immediate 4
pencients ; and in the provinces the disorder of the
'minces is at its height.

Generals Molitor and Bourmont have prop()
io raise some R. yalisr battalions at Valencia and
I le, btst at the expense of the I', end' treasury, Sp
. _ _ •

- • --TN
being entirely exbdisted. Tl:e triumph of legitira,
in Spain is certain, if the same sactifices continue
be made ; but the French must take care nee
change their mode of proceeding. It is certain 6,4
Ihe Constitutional divisions arc destitute of resource•
The following is an extract from an authenticl
ter written by a superior Officer in the army act,
neral Ballasteros :

VILLENA, JUNE
" I take advantage of the departure of the beam,
for Valencia, to let you know how we ate going
Since our departure from Arragon we Lore nor 61
a moment's repose. Our army was then about 20,000
strong, but when we arrived on the banks cf theluti:
we had lost above 6000 recruits; and even sincellse
battle at Aleir.t almost all the conscriptshaveriaisto
'us, so that we have hardly nine or ten thousand vsee,
of whom 1800 are Officers, and this including theNe;
tional Guards of Valencia, who have followed us.
" We may say that we arc marching through*
enemy's country, for the people everywhere receive
us very ill, and call us Jews and Jacobins; in truth,
.we well deserve these names ; for, being withoutte.
sources, and without communication with the Ge.
vernment, we live only by requisitions, having bees
obliged to carry off all the plate from the churches,
to pay the troops. We bivouac every day. Bell*.
teros does not quit us either day or night : the en**
follows us closely, and we are surprised at his 64.
ness and the rapidity of his movements. We al
not acquainted with the intentions of the General;
,butit is thought that the greater part of our army
will go to Andalusia, and the rest will protect Ali.
cant. All I can affirm is, that the 9or 10,000 nee
that we have, ire firmly resolved to follow the Ge-
neral everywhere, and to die for the Constitution."
" It is, in fact, to be presuried that BallasteroS
sttjl
throw himself into Andalusia, where he was chick
engaged during the waf of independence.—We see
that the counter-revolution has already taken place
place at Grenada. The rest of that great province,
Malaga included, will soon follow that example, and
the Constitutionalists will be masters only of the,
ground which they occupy. However," the removal
of the Rayal•Family to Cadiz seems to have disap-
pointed General Bourdesoulle, who will have not
only to blockade that city, but to keep in check Vd-
lacampa, at Ronda, and the guerillas that Lopes
B4IIOS has left on the right of the Guadalquiver,
which are supported by Badajon.
" Several small bands shew themselves on the road
from Madrid to Seville, which will make it neces-
sary to have sufficient garrisons at Evija, Cordova,
Ciur.!ad Real, &c. Bourdesoulle has asked for rein-.
forcements, but they cannot be sent him at present
without stripping the capital. General Bouick bay-
ing received 2500 men from France, has reales
Leon, and his Generals, Huber and Alhignac, have
entered the Asturias. It is poiitively affirmed theta
division of Spanish and Portuguese Royalists, form-
ing on the banks of the Minho, in Portugal, will.
shortly enter (Wilda by way of Chaves, Mot:weir
and Orense, which would place Murillo in a bad po-
sition and bring the civil war into that province,.
which has hitherto been free.

" The reception of Mina at Barcelona was ez•
tremely brilliant; he brought with him several French
Officers and 300 soldiers prisoners of war, and the
Gazette of Barcelona says, that he had left a greater
number in the vations fortresses held by the Constir
tutional troops.

The General made his entry at the head of I,Boo'.
and left the city on the 24th, with a fine division of
4,600 men. We know nothing of Lis movements,
but General Molitor has detached from Valencia a
body of 4,000 men for Arragon.
" A French squadtbn of one ship of the line, a cord
vette, and three brigs, is cruizing before Cadiz. Two
frigates have anchored at Port St. WI, and landed
a quantity of money and some military storm &Ye'
ral sums of money were also landed, at the end of
June, at Santander; and the reattances by way of
Bayonne still continue. The army payseven for the
lodging of the officers; provisions are, in coihV
quence, plentiful and not dear. •

AI This evening the approaching departure of the
Duke for Seville is spoken of.
" A great number 'Of Portuguese einigiants arrirt
in Spain, ispecillty

The Hamburg!) Mail which reached us this morn,
ing, brings a long, and what may be called denzi4i•
cial article from Si Petersburgh, on the pat and pre..
sent state of the Continent, more particularly, Franc*
and the Peninsula. The writer, prematurely think-
ing that the war in Spain would terminate with the
occupation of the capital by the French, congratulate*
the Sovereigns who assembled at Verona on the %vie.
dam of their policy on the great objects already ob.
.
rained, and. others that will follow. The tranquilliti
of Europe is Considered to have .been rather threat.
ened by
•Frarce than Spain. •

' .

What," says the waiter, g‘ was France in 11:22?—,
A :volcano, overx which one walked with trembling,
Wljat..was to be, feared frons,France? That t•oltl -
accumulation of infernal ingredients would cause di,
volcano to 'must, and that the all consuming lava

•

would issue in a torrent like that of 1790. The in-
evitable consequence would have been new wars, the
duration and the issue of which it was impossible to

foresee: nay, the Peninsula might have joined Revo-
lutionary France, and thus the East of Europe have
been engaged in a contest with Ate West. which,
would probably have made Germany the theatre of
desolation and bloodshed."

If this is intended as a vindication of the war in
spills, it is a most unfortunate one; for Spain is at-
tacked on the mere ground, that if the Revolution
which threatens, had taken place, she atip,ht have
joined in it. The writer still dwells on the state of
France, where he says it the elements cf Revolution
were spread, not only among the citizens, but even
in the army, which should be the free support of the
throne or the security of the French nation." The
efforts of the King of France to make his children
happy, were ineffectual ; for " hostile winds brought
from the West, principles and inaxims which only
served to kindle the fire on this side of the Pyrennees ;
they even possessed the minds of persons who were
called into the Great Council of France to co-operate',
for its real happiness."
The proceedings at Verona are next noticed ; and
it is said, that " proceeding on the fundamental prin-
ciples of the Holy Alliance, to uphold with a strong
hand the restored order of things, and the happiness
of nations, the whole Diplomatic Assembly at Verona
clearly saw that.it was high time to stop the sources
which threatened, fr om the West of Europe, to de-
luge the world with new sufferings."
The writer forgets, however, that the representa-
tite'of one of the most important Powers in Europe,
that'of Great Britain, did not see either the danger
or the necessity for interference which is here as-
cribed to the whole of the Diplomatic Body.—
The tranquillity of France since war commenced
is much dwelt upon, and one passage would almost

seem to let out the real secret of the war : it is that
is the noble occupations of war and developed
national activity we always forget the discords which
spread by the evil-minded threatened to destroy the
national prosperity." The same reason would, how-
ever, have justified Spain in being the aggressor,•or
in fact ant other nation ; and for this matter France
might has welljaave attacked Great Britain,Austria,
Prussia, the Netherlands, or Russia. To those who
have seen that all the engagements in Spain have
teen little more than affairs of outposts, the following
description of the campaign must be amusing:
44 France, since the march of its army, has, as was
foreseen, returned to a state of tranquillity, in which
ahigh spirited people is flattered at seeing its victo-
rious standards wave in the territory of a foreign and
heroic Nation. The people, which thought itself
humbled, finds itself again raised to the rank of in-
dependent Nations, who are able to perform great
deeds by their own exertions. It sees the name of its
future King enrolled in the list of Generals, who will
defend his own kingdom from attack—it sees a brave
Nation retire before its armies, and the majority cf.
that Nation come to meet them with wreaths of
victory."

Raving satisfied himself that the war was necessary,
to save France from revolution, the writer labours to
prove that it ss as equally called for on account of
the Peninsula. In doing this, however, he goes some-
what too far. " If," says he, " the fireof Revolution
is to be quenched, it cannot be suffered to glimkier
under light ashes, which the slightest breath may
• carry away. _ _

" There have been persons who have found some-
thing great in the Revolution in the Peninsula, be-
cause it had not degenerated into the horrors which
distinguished that of France. But must we wait
for the very worst before we find anything to disap- •
prove? Were not the civil wars in Spain and Por-
tugal sufficient to make us detest the revolutions
which produced and supported them ? A people can-
not be called happy unless every individual citizen,
by his own fireside, can look without apprehension
to the ensuing day. Did such a state of things exist
in the Peninsula before the French army entered it ?
Was not the Blood of-the citizens shed by each other's
hands? Was not the majority subject to the oppres-
sion of a party which despised all principles? Has not
'the French army been received as a delivering angel?
" The advocates of the re-action beyond the Pyrennees
'generally have the word ' Inquisition' in their
mouths, the re-establishment of which, after the res-
toration, they pretend to have been the true cause
•of the Revolution ; but.this is a great error. It is an
acknowledged fact, that after the expulsicu3 of the
Tiench,tlie re-establishment of that tribunal, which
*hey .had abolished, was .considered by .the whole
Spanish nation as one of-the main.pillars of the Spa-
nish Monarchy. Would not alhousand 'voices have
.ni!en raised against it on the King's return, had•not
4e prialciples imbibed by 'the Spaniards from their
•nfancy made • them look on it as necessary?
—Would not the Clergy, who were always consi-
timed as a branch of the Inquisition, and who, doubt-

14s, contributed to its re-establishment, have been
the subject of incessant persecution, if the nation had
theught otherwise? No person, unless actually weak
in mind, will consider this as a defence of the Inqui-
sition, and its frequent cruelties. The light of reason
too strong, in our times, to call..thitlgsgood which it
cannot a p provr."
The writer seems to feel that he has gone too far,
by way of qualifying his apology for that gentle

castigator, the Holy Office, says 6 the efforts of the
Christtan Sovereigns aretoo evident to make us lose
a word to sheer• that they cannot be inclined to pro-
tect:th e Spanish Inquisition in particular, as it formerly
exercised its functions."

The principle assumed by France, that Spain could
only receive her institutions from Ferdinand, is in this
demi official article openly contended for; and if the
131 itish nation can once be led to believe the doctrine,
it may relieve itself of no small expense, and all the
complicated machinery of Lords, Commons, Cabinet
Councils, &c. at once.

The old maxim, that g, two heads are better than
one," is completely exploded by this Northern Legis-
lator. " Are there not," says he, " thousands of dif-'
ficulties when all the inhabitants of a single town are
to make resolutions relative to the whole society, and
to essential changes in the Constitution? Must not
these difficulties be far greater in a large Empire ?"

The article next takes a review of the conduct of
the Btitish Government, which we shall give without
comment, reserving our remarks. until tomorrow :
we may however observe, that the writer does not.
seem very well acquainted either with the liberal views
of our Ministers, or the manner in which they were di-
rected towards preserving peace. The following are
the writer's observations :

Lord Liverpool has blamed Ferdinand for not
having fulfilled the promises respecting the organi-
zation of the State, which was made in 1814. But
we apprehend that his Lordship did not weigh the
difficulty of introducing into a country like Spain
new and extensive changes, after it had just been
making every sacrifice for its old institutions.
,6 The mention of Lord Liverpool leads us to the
apparently important point of the difference in the
opinion of this Minister and his colleagues, and that
of the other Ministers at Verona, respecting the af-
fairs of the Peninsula.

" The main point is—does such a difference of
opinion respecting the cause of the war really
exist ? We think not. Even the Papers laid
before Parliament sheiv that England must be as
hostile to revolutionary movements in Europe as
other nations ; and they prove that the British Mi-
nisters considered the political char sin the Penin-
sula as opposed to the existing European- system.
%Old they else have earnestly advised modifica-
tions in the Constitution of Madrid ? But the Con-
gress of Verona never asked anything more than mo-
difications, and an assimilation of the Spanish Consti-
tution with those of other States.

" But all representations made to the Spanish Go-
vernment were fruitless. The King, who at the be-
ginning of the Revolution had decidedly expressed
himself against it, became, from the day that he was
deprived of the Council chosen by himself,.a passive
instrument of the party in power, a prisoner, without
any influence in the Government. His present Mi-
nisters, and the Cortes, rejected with pride, and even
with contempt, every proposal for conciliation.
" The Sovereigns who had already shewn in the
cases of Naples and Piedmont, their firm adherence
to the system they had adopted for the welfare of the
nations, could not hesitate in the case of Spain, es-
pecially as civil war had already broken out in that
kingdoth. France was here the most interested, as
Austria had been in the affairs of Naples, and the
duty of interference was so evident, that the Allied
Sovereigns not only approved the interference of
Fiance in the affairs of Spain, but even invited the
King of France to employ it.
"The only difference with the English Cabinet
was about the mode of interference. It merely ob-
jected to the entrance of French troops into Spain ;
this was all. Had it had a positive interest to pre-
' vent this at med interference, it would, in the consci-
ousness of its own power and influence, have used
other lanpage. England did not fear anything.
from the war ; but for its possible consequences, it
apprehended that the new policy which disin-
terestedly seeks the repose of Europe, might dege-
nerate into the old policy, where interest predomina-
ted. It feared nothing else; this was the sole ground.
on which England refused its assent to the war, for
on the principles which led to the war it agreed with
the other Powers.

-44' Whether the moderation and wisdom of the Al-
lied Sovereigns gave any reasons for such apprehen-
sions, time w ill shew, unless it is shewn already, as we
affirm to be the case. From the war between France
and Spain no other war will arise.
As We have been told that the English nation, full
of enthusiasm for the Spanish Liberals, is ready to
take up arms for them. In this, as in other points,
we have not been told the truth. With what ardour
has the :Parliament approved the centrality resolved
on by Ministers.
" How decidedly was the motion to repehl the Fo-
reign Enlistment Bill rejected ; a motion that was
-considered 'favourable to the Spaniards. We must
leave it to the Public to judge of the correctness of
our observations; but we think the calm observer,
who remembers what his country and himself have
suffered, and appreciates the peace they now enjoy,
will acknowledge.that.the .resoltlions taken at Vero-
na intended the real-happiness orthim and his fellow.

citizens.

6, Russia will always look back witb peide on this
pesiodof her,history, and on ber,great Monarch, who

disintereAedly employs his vast posver in securing
the peace and tranquillity of the whole world."

Madrid Gazettes to the 6th inst. have been re-
ceived. In the official part of the Journal of the sth,
the proclamations of MenuAci are inserted, accom-
panied by a note which is likely to have the effect of
making that General adhere more firmly to the Con-
stitutional cause, which we believe he never intended
Ito desert. In this note it is observed, " That as soon
as necessity and physical and moral weakne-s obliges
them (the Constitutionalists) to yield, they do it with
haughtiness and want of faith, adhering to their er-
roneous principles, which are so contrary to our an-
cient laws, front their desire to govern under the pre-
text of modifications. That this would be leaving
the serious revolutionary disease at the root is too
well known not to be viewed with contempt, horror,
and indignation, by all honest Spaniards who wish
for the happiness of she nation and the King."

The Leeward Island Mail arrived this morning,
from St. Thomas's, after a passage of only 30 days.

FROM THE IRIS OF VENEZUELA.
CARACCAS, MAY s.

" Dnoor.t..o-The Legislature of this year would
open its proceedings on the 3d of last April, and it is
said, by a very respectable inhabitant of that capital,
that one of its first determinations will be the nego-
tiation of the debt contracted by M. ZEA, as no one
doubted the claims of the Loan Contractors."
It appears to us, that such an act has never been
doubted, and that the delay that has occurred in this
transaction, ought only to be attributed to the want
of official advices, occasioned by the unfortunate in-
terception of the communications of that Minister,
which rendered those measures necessary that have
been interpreted in -a sinister manner by the per-
sonal enemies of M. ZEAi and of the Government of
Colombia, thus filling those who are interested in the
Loan with apprehension.