Star.
London, England, 1831-04-01 00:00:00

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LONDON.

FRIDAY, APRIL 1.

GOOD FRIDAY=—CIO.te Holiday.

TO FOREIGN CORRESPONDENTS.

THE EVENING STAR.

•s• In the Political Department of the STAR, its Readers are aware
that due attention has been paid to the importance of the events pro-
rrevting on the CONTINENT. This Paper not only presents the
spirit of the best French Journals; but the original observations of
as intelligent Correspondent in Paris. The Revolutions in BEI..
NIL X, POLAND, ITALY, and SWITZERLAND, are events which
crave so rapidly succeeded each other, that a Journalist has found it
itifficult to make his arrangements keep pace, with his desire to gratify
hi• readers, with the earliest information. These arrangements will not
be neglected ; but, in the mean time, the conduetots of the STAR invite
rstaLic MEN, in all countries, who desire that interesting facts and
statements should, in an lINGARILED MANNZR, be laid before the
British nation, to transmit the same to the STAR Office, London. They

are particularly anxious to recei—e original communications from
Poland; and also from Italy, Belgium, Spain, Portugal, Prussia, and
Austria, whether from English travellers or residents, or public-spirited
natives. Hitherto the world has been hood-winked by Journals and
Gazettes, published under arbitrary surveillance; but a genuine British
Journal ought :o derive its information, as far as possible, from less
suspicious sources ; and this it is the determination, of the conductors
of the STAR, to effect as far as possible.

A private letter from Barcelonnette, in the Upper Alps, I
dated the 22d ultimo, states, that Prince CA RIGNAN-Ofl
whom a notice will be found in another department of this
paper—has entered Savoy, at the head of four brigades of in-
fantry and cavalry. The same letter adds, that there is at
Genoa about twenty-seven thousand men ; at Turin, twenty'
Jive thousand ; and at Coni, three t4usand,—all under
arms, and on the alert—arising from a gar of general insur-
rection, on the expected entrance of the French.

Advices from Vienna of the 25th ult. received this day,
speak thus : " Though our regiments were already for the
most part complete, a new levy of 50,000 recruits has
been ordered in the Austrian States." Our Readers recol-
lect that 48,000 have been already levied in Hungary, and
10,000 in the kingdom of Lombardy and Venice. " In every
regiment of the line, the first battalion of the Landwehr
(Militia) is now called in, to its first complement; and the
second battalions are already being organised. In the cities
•f Brunn, Prague, Vienna, and Gratz, 40 battalions of
artillery, each battery consisting of six cannons, are pre-
paring : among them are two rocket batteries. Neverthe-
less, it is believed here, that peace will be preserved, and
the armaments ordered by the Government are considered
as necessary, to attain this object. M. DE RIBEAUPIERRE,
formerly Russian Ambassador at Constantinople, has ar-
rived at Vienna."

Files of the Diario Fluminence, Rio Janeiro paper, from
the 16th to 25th Jan. are receivei this morning. These
papers contain the continuation of the laws, relative to the
finance and the expences of the several departments of the
administration.

Their Imperial Majesties were proceeding in their tour in
the provinces, and were, on the 13th Jan. in the town of
Barbacena.

The contineptal intelligence supplied by the arrivals of this'
morning, contains farther evidence that open war between
France and Austria may be daily expected. In the extracts
which we have made from the French journals, received by
the Estafette, will be found paragraphs from the Moniteur,
Le Temps, Journal des Debuts, and Courier Francais, all
warlike—all taking it for granted, that if negociation will

not induce the Austrians to withdraw from the re-
♦olted districts of Italy, the French Government has
determined to oppose such a direct infraction of the
non-interventional contract, by recourse to the more
potent reasoning of the sword. We insert, it will
he seen, a paragraph from a Frankfort Paper, giving a
most pitiable account of the Italian forces under General
Zucci ; but the other paragraphs from Italy give a much
more favourable account ; and no more faith is to be placed

in the intelligence in the German Papers, on the affairs of
Italy, than in the same papers on the affairs of Poland. They
may, however, we presume, be believed in the statements they
afford -of the warlike preparations of Austria. That Power
has not crossed the Rubicon of non-intervention, without cal-
misting on a French war as the consequence.
We are friends of peace from principle, and in that res-

pact, admirers of the just forbearance of the French Govern.
meat. Nations, however subject to philosophy, are liable
to be the prey of ambitious and less scrupulous neighbours ;
and such in all instances has been the fate of the Hindoos.
We therefore proscribe offensive wars, but not defensive
ones; and we consider those as defensive in any power, when
its weaker allies are assailed. We think, therefore, that
France has a justifiable cause of war, in defence of the Italian
States against Austria, and of the Poles against Rusasia. All
freemen are the allies of free France and if war be made on
weak states by despots, because they are free, or will be
so, it is in fact an attack on France. If, therefore, after
the French Government has exhausted negotiation in vain,
the despots choose to persevere, no war was ever more just,
than that which France may be forced to wage, under such
circumstances. If the despots are determined to provoke
their fate, let them suffer the consequences of their pride
and folly. England is hospitable, and there are Holyroods
for all of them, provided they bring with them a sufficiency
of their moveables.
CLAUSEL is right in asserting, that if he marches, his
first despatches will be from Milan. Aided by the people,
and entering Italy as deliverers, there can be no doubt of the
success of the French armies ; and, if necessary, the same
would be the case in Saxcniy and Poland. So u LT, as Mi-
nister of War, will, like CARNOT, organize victory wherever
the French armies appear; and if the French Generals
organise flee Governments as results of victory, the peace
of E.trope will this time be fixed for centuries.
From Belgium, the intelligence, we are happy to observe,
is more agreeable ; and that the judicious proclamation of
the REGENT has had a tranquillising effect.
The Prince of ORANGE has long been resident in Lon-
don, and not, as any be supposed, for purposes of pleasure*.

If unable to influence the judicious ministers of this coun-
try, he would be able to give a certain character to the pro-
tocols of the ministers of the five powers—to correspond with
greater facility with friends of his house in Belgium—and,
above all, be able to ascertain the price of any London
journals open to a bidding. His English journey was
therefore not without objects ; and doubtless not without a
certain degree of success.

Ought we then to wonder at the abominable diatribes
which appear in, at least, one of the London papers ; and in
that paper, above all, which, in the opinion of the world, al-
ways had a price I The opinions expressed by that journal,
probably since the conclusion of the bargain, are, we ven-
ture to affirm, confined in London—to it alone. England,
generally, admires every act of the Belgic people, and of its
well-inclined government ; and recognizes, with satisfaction,
the virtuous patriot who has been placed by the voice of his
country, at the head of the Belgic Councils.
Of the Orange Plot, no doubt whatever exists. Its
formation, and even its success, was announced in the very
Journal which is the malicious organ of the disappointed
faction.

Doubtless the very Belgians, who so heroically rescued
their country from the Congress of Vienna in August,
have again rescued it from a plot hatched in London, and
to be sustained by a purchased portion of the London
Press.

We have no objection to the Orange family as Stadholders
of Holland, and as Dutchmen they have public and private
virtues ; but the Belgians will never, if able to prevent it,
permit any Dutchman to reign over them, and employ their
resources for Dutch objects. It was an act of gross tyranny
in the Congress to expect it ; and the insurrection in
August, and the recent outrages against the Orange
adherents, prove the feelings of the nations. Such ebulli-
tions give, however, no more an evidence of incapacity in
the Belgic Government, than the riots in Hampshire were
evidence of the incapacity of the Duke of WELLINGTON,
and those in Edinburgh of the incapacity of Lord GREY.

Some little intelligence from• Poland will be found among
our other exclusive matter, but not of much interest.—Our
next news from that scene of noble enterprise must, we
consider, be of much importance.
A letter which appeared in our first page yesterday, ex-
plained the martial courage and determined spirit of the
Poles; but it is lamentable to discover, how that country is
hermetically sealed against even volunteer aid. Silesia and
Posnia under Prussia; and Moravia under Austria, separate
it from France and Belgium. The brave and ex-
perienced Excelmans reached Warsaw as a fugi-
tive, and only by swimming a river ; but we re-
gard his arrival as equal to an accession of twenty
thousand men to the Polish cause. Doubtless, Prussia had
a delicate part to play ; but after the events of July, the
KING should have given his subjects the long-promised
Constitution, and have made common cause with France
against the stern policy of Russia and Austria. The royal
dynasties of Europe can only secure themselves by timely
yielding to the invincible March of Intellect, and the blood-
less triumphs of the Printing Press.

The Ministry have been greatly strengthened by the
accession of that virtuous senator, Sir HENRY PA RN ELL,
as Secretary at War.

CITY, ONE O'CLOCK.

This day, being Good Friday, is kept as a strict holiday
in the City; the Stock Exchange and Royal Exchange are
closed.

The Bank of Ireland have notified to the merchants and
traders of Dublin, that on and after the 30th, they mean to
raise the rate of discount on commercial bills, from 4 per
cent. to 5 per cent. per annum.
The express from Paris this morning, brought the French
3 per cents. rather higher, 48f. 70c.
The speech of Baron Louis in the Chamber is rather more
pacific than that of Casimir Perrier ; still no positive con-
clusion can as yet be drawn, whether the answer from Aus-
tria will be pacific or not. At all events, we see that the
French Government are In great alarm, owing to the im-
mense armies now drawing in on all sides round her; and
she is doing all in her power to negociate for a general
disarming.

His MAJESTY will hold a levee every Wednesday (as
originally announced) after the 13th of April.
The French Ambassador had a long conference with• Vi-
scount Palmerston yesterday, at the Foreign Office.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer left town at an early
hour yesterday morning for his seat in Yorkshire.
The Right Hon. Charles Grant entertained the Cabinet
Ministers at dinner for the first time, at his new residence,
in Great George-street, on Wednesday evening. Most of
the Cabinet Ministers were present.
Wednesday the Lord Mayor gave a splendid entertain-
ment to the merchants and bankers who accompanied him
to present to his Majesty the address of the great body of
merchants and bankers of the City of London, in favour of
the ministerial measure of reform.

The Duchess of Glocester and the Princess Sophia visited
the Duchess of Cumberland yesterday, at her residence in
the King's Palace, St. James's. Prince Esterhazy, and
great numbers of the nobility and gentry, called yesterday,
to make their enquiries after the Royal Duchess.
The accounts of the riots in the Scottish metropolis,
against the anti-reformers, were exclusively in the STAB, of
last night; and it affords us infinite satisfaction to observe,
that illuminations have been general in other great towns
of Scotland. Whenever the illuminations are fixed in
London, we hope there will be greater accord ; and that if
any are hardy enough to invite a breach of the peace, that
the true friends of reform will not be moved to break it.
Illuminations should be spontaneous, or they do not testify
anything.
The Common Council yesterday, on the motion of Mr.
Alderman VENABLZS, supported by Alderman WAITHMAN,
voted the freedom of the city to Lord Join; Russzu., to
be presented in a gold box, value 100 guineas. Some oppo-
sition was attempted by Mr. Richardson and Alderman Fare-
brother, but repelled with indignation by the whole Court.
We regret that the compliment was not extended to Earl
GREY, as the father of the plan.
A letter from Mr. Burge to Lord Godericb, upon the sub-
ject of slave manumission in Jamaica, has just been laid be-
fore parliament; by which it appears that from the year
1817 to 1826, the total number of manumissions granted
was 4,782, of which, 1,951 were paid for, and 2,831 were
gratuitous.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.-EXCLUSIVE.
FOR THE STAR.

FRANCE.
PA KIS, MARCH 31.—A Prefect who presented himself;
yesterday at the house of the Minister of the Interior,
without having first asked leave to come to Paris, could
not obtain an audience. All functionaries will understand
that in the present situation of affairs, it is an imperious duty
for them to remain at their posts.—Moniteur.
The Moniteur has already given an account of the review
which took place in the Champ de Mars on Sunday last ;
but since yesterday the Government has reflected upon the
consequences of the entry of the Austrians in Bologna; and
diplomacy at last feels that it is time to take a high tone.—
The speech of M. Perier at the Chamber of Deputies in the
sitting of the 28th, was much more warlike than all the ha-
rangues pronounced up to that day, and yesterday the
Moniteur, returning to theceremony of Sunday, made a nar-
rative, in a style very warlike. The following are the most
striking passages of that article, which, in the present cir-
cumstances, merit to be read with attention :—" The day
of the 27th was appointed for one of the most solemn military
spectacles: the 'delivering the flags to the troops.—
What grave thoughts arose at these rallying signs around
which will probably be decided the destinies of the country !
What generous sentiments were awakened by the oaths of
the warriors who have just sworn to die for its defence. Nine'
regiments of infantry, eleven regiments of cavalry, eight
batteries of artillery, and two companies of sappers, to which
were united six battalions and a squadron of the National
Guard, contributed to this ceremony. The interior of the
Champ-de-Mars presented the most imposing attitude. At
the left, was seen dense masses of infantry bristling with
bayonets; at the right, long lines of cuirassiers which formed
walls of iron ; the sparkling helmets of the dragoons,
the streamers of the lancers, brilliant squadrons of chas-
seurs and hussars. The banks were covered by an im-

mense population : a part who could not find room
were obliged to station themselves upon the side of the Seine.
—The rational guard shewed that regularity and that dis-
cipline, which has caused them to be for a long time the
admiration of their countrymen and foreigners. The infantry
afterwards defiled, with an ease and confidence which only
belongs to old troops : with that vivacity which characterises
the French youth, and which presage victories. In passing
before the King, before his beautiful and numerous family,
the soldiers waved their hands, brandished their sabres, and
made the air resound with the most lively acclamations. The
enthusiasm reached the citizens, who, forcing aside the ,
harriers, precipitated themselves in the Champ-de-Mars
nearly upon the columns, to admire nearer the brilliant uni-
forms, the martial assurance, and the perfect instruction of
these fine troops. An air of satisfaction reigned upon all
countenances, and numerous eulogiums emanated from the
bosoms of all the groups of citizens."
Various explanations have been given respecting the ex-
traordinary fall in the funds which took place this day. The
probable cause is, according to us, the fear of war, which
preoccupies all minds ; and which the discourse made so
unexpectedly by the President of the Council, appears to
have justified. Nevertheless, this evening the excitation
seems already calmed by the assurance given at the Cham-
ber by a Minister, that the diplomatic note of our Govern-
ment, on the subject of the occupation of Bologna was re-
ceived with deference ; it appears, moreover, that indepen-
dent of these negociations, and whatever may be the event,
the affairs cf Italy are not so much compromised
as has been thought. They write us, that after having
attempted all the means of resistance, defences will he fixed
in the strongest positions of the Appenines ; and that the
National Government will be transferred to Ancona, and,
if it were necessary, go from thence into the ranks of the
army. Whatever may have been said to-day at the
Chamber, by an illustrious General, France has promised
nothing to the Italian revolution ; but a country like
France must hold more than promises, it should realize
all the noble hopes which it has given birth to. There
is, nevertheless, a great difference between protecting the
independence of nations, and putting France at the mercy
of all commotion& ; and until this period, no other name can
be given to the events which have taken place in Italy. The
character of France is traced. She will claim, energeti-
cally, the accomplishment of treaties, and she will not retract
before any consequences the principles which she has ad-
mitted ; and if war should be inevitable, if she is obliged to
proceed in the glorious route which she volnntari!y closed
since the fall of Napoleon, she can say with the chief of the
I empire, at the rupture of the treaty of Amiens—" When
they know all the moderation of our conduct, there is not a
corner in Europe which will not give us approbation. In
an age such as ours, where the enthusiasm is founded in
some sort upon reason, victory is nearly already assured, to
the cause which has on its side justice and good right. Our
political situation, which the affairs of Belgium and Italy
have so much complicated, has need of being searched into :
that we will soon do."—Le Temps.
The discourse pronounced yesterday in the Chamber by
the President of the Council, abounds with wisdom and
firmness. It is a noble reply to the party who accused the
Minister, at his entry in office, of wishing for peace at any
price. Behold, since, our glorious character in Belgium!
the first circumstance where foreign intervention could
wound our honour and our interest; Well! M. Casimir
Perier has not hesitated to demand explanations ; and these
explanations, supported by an army of 500,000 men, can-
not fail of being all for the • honour of those who demand
them. There are some who think it would be better
to commence negociating by cannon shot. Those will,
without doubt, not think it sufficiently honour-
able for France, to cause the evacuation of Bo-
logna, by a simple threatening note ; they are
so susceptible upon this point, that they would wish
nations to send challenges first, to save explanations
afterwards. A wise government, and which comprehends
all its responsibility, sends first threats ; and afterwards, if
need be, regiments. It places, by this method, right on its
side ; it has for its reason, humanity ; things which in our
opinion do not spoil a good cause, nor stifle the enthusiasms
of a nation, when that enthusiasm is not the factious result at
a system of terror.
The entry of the Austrians into Bologna, is an attempt at
the independence of Europe. In demanding of Austria an
explanation upon this flagrant intervention, France takes
the advance of the other cabinets, who are not so much in-

terested in that power which exercised in Italy a right of
propaganda, which belongs to no one, and which is not less
odious under the flag of liberty, than under that of despotism.
These explanations must be plain and precise ; they must
not be waited for ; because, if it is not yet a case of war,
it is already a point of honour, and M. Perier has promised
us satisfaction. Let us wait then, and have confidence to ap-
preciate the character which France must play, with a minis-
try which it has courageously called to be the jealous de-
fender of her interests, and the wise and proud guardian of
her power.—Journal des Debats.
Until now, the government has lived upon illusions. We
must not allow ourselves to be deceived, upon the character
of the communication made yesterday by the president of the
council ; whatever were the precautions with which it was
pronounced—whatever the palliatives with which it was ac-
companied, it is war. We know that for more than a
month, Austria has declared that she would intervene ; and
that she liked better to run the chances of a war with France