Star.
London, England, 1812-10-30 00:00:00

he surrender This

reserved for public execution.
What would;bephpught
the gang of robbers -
'propose to surrender, on
be then allowed to rival

their arms and baggage What.situation would be
feekoned proper for the Magistrate whoihould agree
to such terms of capitulation ? , • 1-
.The ease as put appears so per‘tly absurd, that
it cannot be entertained for a moment. But what is
a gang of a dozen of robbers entering the premises
of their neighbours, compared to bands ensign:teed
of hundreds of thousands of ruffians spreading ha-
vock, desolation, misery and death, over the posse's-
ions of the wretched inhabitants of an invaded coun-
try To whom can the victims apply for redress ?
They have no appeal but to their own physical and
moral powers--:they cin Lave no avenger but their
own arm. Say that they vanquish a band of these
villainsvillains treading upon the invaded soil—
villains wielding arms for the destruction of their
property and families—villains who have other asso-
ciates still at large, and spreading desolation over
their country—ought such wretches to experience
moremerey than should be dispensed •to a gang of
common thieves ? Oh, , but they cast down their
arms and cry for mercy ! So does the highwayman
when vanquished, yet you hang him ! Oh, why
are you so cruel, ye men of feeling !
The real source of this false humanity—this act
of injustice to the human species, must be sought in
those ferocities of mankind, which, by their exist-1
ence, have led to the pursuit of arias as a regular and+
honourable profession. The code of the soldier is
obedience to his superior—he has nothing to do with
the cause of quarrel—he has no personal or family
injuries jo avenge. He can have no feeling of the
justice due to the cries of outraged humanity—or
rather his sense of natural justice is inevitably per-
verted, from the necessary and peculiar circumstances
of his own profession and situation. He is victor
to-day, bat it might have been otherwise : nor does
his victory restore him to his family and habitation.

It is not surprising then that the regular profes-
sion of arms should lead those who follow it, to a
line of conduct very different from that which should
be exhibited by the inhabitants of an invaded coun-
try (not soldiers) fighting for all that is dear to them
—for existence itself ! And as, in the course of
things, it falls to the lot of soldiers to detail the i
passing events of war, nothing cm be more natural
than that such details should receive a tincture of the 1
military feeling, and the public mind,gradually re.
ceive a correspondent bias, which ought to be cor.
rected.

If I find that you second these my humble efforts
to a*aken mankind( to a true sense of the dangersi
which their mistaken humanity will sooner or later
bring upon them, I shall occasionally recur to the
subject —I am, &c. AN ANTI•GALLICAN.

,50 leagues in extent Testa all the 1
i which now unite in Moscow, the ,'
.hick they were directed by the soul
movement. The corps engaged never
Jain the closest metual connection.
valuable to the conqueror this vast
the domains of his adversary--however
._ _ Jos to the vanquished—it was not till
..e present moment that the latter must begin to
feel all the depth of his wounds, all the danger of
his situation. A short sketch will demonstrate this:
—Moscow, which all the efforts of Peter the Great
could not strip of its importance, for even of the
rank and characteristics of the true capital of Russia,
:.
esitAuasitaetdicnpearortlyf inbtehiengceenxtcreepof that
ted. usvassutnouempirdn e--ing
iseevines are incomparably the most fertile of ,any
ai those climes. The more northerly districts con-
sist almost uniformly of vast marshes, impenetrable
sts, and sandy plains. The duration and exces-
sive rigour of the winters condemn this portion of
the Russian States to nearly absolute sterility. In
the more southern provinces, on the other hand, we
find steppes or boundless desarts, whose gravellysoil
as impregnated with salt, and totally destitute of
wood and water. The province of Moscow and its
adjoining Governments, situated between these ek-
tremes, produce in such abundance all the necessaries
of life, that from that large city, as a sort of gene-
ral entrepot, they were spread over the whole sur-
face of the empire. A single glance at the map will
be sufficient to thew, that from Moscow issue all the
great roads of Russia. We may distinguish nine
.principal ones, diverging in all directions ; and their
ramifications ramificaons establish an easy intercoursel
between this central point and the extremities which
hence received nearly all their subsistence and the
materials for their industry, in exchange for the par-
tial supplies with which they furnished it.
But to St. Petersburgh, above every other city, is
a constant communication with the ancient capital
necessary for the supply of its incessantly returning
wants. Let us again cast our eye upon the map,
and we shall see that only four great roads issue from
the city of Peter the First. Two of them ascend to-
wards the North—namely, towards the marshes of
...

Finland, or the sterile and frozen governments ox
Olonetz and Archangel. A third road leads by Riga
to Prussia and Poland ; it is intercepted by a French
corps. There remains a fourth, the only medium
of communication between the two capitals; and it
is in like manner cut off by the Grand Army itself !
What means, then, are left to St. Petersburgh of re-
newing its supplies of provisions, while, insulated as
it now is from Moscow, it has lost all its connections
with the provinces which supplied it with subsistence.
By sea ? But is not the Biltic shut by the ice for
eight months in the year ?
The first of these rigorous months has commenced.
That proud city, which still re-echoes with empty
menaces against our armies, and the chaunting of
imaginary victories, must, at once, experience a fai-
-1 lure of all her resources. She will awake to a terrible
certainty—her frightened inhabitants will doubtless
calculate, that the banks of the Neva are 60 leagues
nearer the head-quarters of the conqueror, than the'
banks of the Niemen from Moscow*.
But is it Russia alone that has to lament the de-
' plorable fruits of her folly ? Will not the insidious
ally who seduced her, also suffer from the errors
which that Power has committed ? While Russia is
thus struck to the core, we cannot doubt that the
shock must be felt in London. The Englishman will
suffer in what is dearest to him—his mercantile
speculations and his gold.
But the Russians, in aiming so cruel a blow at
themselves, in destroying the very focus of their
commerce and throwing back, for more than a cen-
tury, the still imperfect work of their civilisation—
have they not done us some mischief that may balance
their own enormous losses ? Have they acted like the
wounded soldier, • who courageously sacrifices a va-
luable limb to save the rest of the body ? Have they
prepared our certain ruin, and purchased at the ex-
pence of their ancient capital, the safety and the ho.
nour of their empire ? No : they have uselessly
ruined one of the finest cities in the world—they have,
without any advantage to their cause, treated their
own country with more barbarity than Attila ever
displayed against in enemy who had provoked his
fury. While inflicting a mortal wound on their
country, they have ch.ne us little or no harm. A
few observations will be sufficient to prove this
double truth.
Three-fourths of Moscow are in ashes—doubtless

we must deplore this frightful calamity, the effect of
barbarism without example ; but this misfortune falls
entirely upon our enemies, and cannot endanger the
existence of our legions, as some persons, adopting
an opinion totally destitute of foundation, might for
a moment believe.
Suppose Paris burnt, could the army which' oc►
cupied the Beauce, the Orleanais, and Picardy, in
short, the provinces from which it derives subsistente'
—could this army want provisions ? Certainly not.
Very well, our position is exactly similar to the case
we have now put, But there is one essential remark
which modifies the comparison to our advantage
almost all 'parts of Prance are rich and well peopled,
consequently two hostile armies could .there find
abundant resources.
, The same cannot be said of Russia. 'the central
territory of that vast empire alone presents the advan-,
„tages of fertility—the remainder is comparatively a
desart, as unproductive of men as of the means of
',subsistence. Our entrance into Moscow and the po-
sition of the enemy, driven from all his internal pro-
iinces, sufficiently tell.h3w little we have to fear from
the threats contained in his ridiculous proclamations,
of reducing us to the most severe privations. Far
from being ourselves exposed to them, vie are even
likely to famish St. Petersbtirgh this winter; and our
army, interposed between the enemy and his two ca-
pitals, already closes the channel of all those supplies
which are indispensably-necessary forks stippcirt.—
But while, amiditiesources of every' kind, our-solT
slips enjiy repose-fin* their fatigues in Moscow-,partially saved by their courage, the Russians, thank

to the skilful mitneoufres of their Generals, wilt watt*
every thing in their own country. The enemy is
flying to Casa°, 500 leagues from St. Petersburgh,
and 300 from Moscow—the latter city should have
been the bulwark of the empire, the rampart of his
army, and the depot of his stores, the centre of his
communication:. and the granary of. his subsistence,
and in it our army, master. of all its movements, i;
deriving new strength to finish on the confines of Asia
the reduction of those barbarians whom ithas marched
to combat from the extremities of Europet,
• One great man!, of the 18th century blamed ano.
ther for employing his pen in writing the history of
Russia. The same reproach will not apply to hint
who shall continue it to that period when at becomes
a chapter in our annals. It must always be with the
most lively curiosity that the philosopher will enquire
what the Muscovites were, what they wished to bet
and what they are become..
$ Never before was the flag of France carried to sod, a di,.
tauce. In surveying the theatre of the exploits of thy, Quit At.
my, we must be astonished to see it at A smaller distance ben
Bagdad than from Paris, and as near the whores of the Persim
gulf as the banks of the Seine.
" Tell me, I beg of you, what Ton propose to plume by
writing the history of the wolves and bears of Siberia I wiyi
can you say of the Czar that is not to be foetid in the Life of
Charles XII.? I will never quote the history of these baths:lint;
I would rather wish I could forget that they inhabit ow huals '
sphere."—Later from Fredenck of Prussia to Voltaire.

SWEDEN:
-,.

STOCKHOLM, OCTOBER is.
The Life Guards, and ail the other troops el.
boned here, have set out for Dalaro, and are already
arrived at Carlscrona and Carlsham ; but it is thought
that this is merely for a shoe', and that no Expedition
will •sail from Sweden ; indeed. the season is now
too far advanced. We have only the Militia and the
West Gotha regiment, that do military duty here.--
A great many Russian noble families and others,
make daily applications for passports to be permitted
to come to Sweden, and last week no less than 560
such passports were sent to Petersburgh. There are
several reports about the Russian army ; but what
may be relied on is, that they are in great want of
Generals : Kutusow is acknowledged to be a brave
and courageous man, but what can he do alone ? Ba.
ron d'Armfeldt, a Swede by birth, is much talked of;
but he is no further employed than to be the Chief
Governor of Finland, and one of the acting Adju.
tant-Generals of the Russian army, and as such ac.
companies the Emperor Alexander, and thus, has
no active part in the war. It is a very remarkable
circumstance, that this very Baron D'Armieldt, who
was the first favourite of Gustavus 111. and who,
after his death, or assassination, attempted to throw
Sweden into the hands in Russia, and on that ac.
count was outlawed, and his name placed on tie gay
lows ; and who, during the reign of the late untor-
' tunate Gustavus Adolphus, was pardoned ; and who,
soon after that time, was invited by the Emperor
Alexander, through his Ambassador at Stockholm,
Mr. Alopeus, to betray his country, but then refused,
should at last be induced to go over to the Russian
party. The real cause has not been generally known,
but the fact is this—Baron d'Armfeldt, who was one
of the first to sign the act of abdicating Gustavus
Adolphus, did, perertheless, some time afterwards.
during the reign of Bernadotte, send a man to a prin.
ter in Stockholm, with a kind of advertisement, call.
ing upon the Swedes to arm in favour of Gustanu
Adolphus. The printer having read the advertise-
ment, and finding it to contain a language contrary
to the established Government. told the person sent
with the advertisement that he could not print it, and
that he found himself bound to detain him ; and he
laid hold of the man. However, as be was stronger
than the printer, he escaped. The printer :hewed
the paper to the Lord Governor of Stockholm,
Baron Skioldebrand, who immediately recognized
the hand-writing of Baron D'Armfeldt, in several
places where the stile of the advertisement was cor-
rected and altered, went to the Crown Prince, and
imparted the business. Baron D'Armfeldt having,
in the mean time, been informed of the bad success
of the person he had sent to the printer, went to the
Russian Ambassador; General Schutelen, and took
the oath of allegiance to the Emperor of Russia...
The Swedish Government, which could not there-
fore punish him as a traitor, ordered him to quit
illreden, and even sent an escort with him to Torneo,
tad Annfeldt thus got to Finland, and afterwards
to Russia, where he was immediately employed as
'aforesaid ; and, to the great surprise of Bernadotte'
*as presented to him as a Russian subject at the in-
terview Bernadotte had with Alexander at Abo.—
There is a great talk of an overture of peace between
Russia and France ; and England, it is positively
asserted, has promised St. Lucie to Sweden. In the
mean time we get subsidies from Great Britain, and
the best understanding subsists betiveen Greatßritaia
pa4fweden.


+OE EVENING STS; •

LONDON.
1141DAYs OCTOBER SO.
We hare received letters from Alicant to the end
of last month. We are sorry to find that the exPecii*
tiOg under QelieTal MAITLAND, from which so much
was expected, and which would unquestionably have
intercepted King Josuif and his followers, if it had •
been pushed forward in time, still remains inactive
under the walls of Alicant. The change in the Cali
mender was, however, expected to produce a cbeir
of measures, and we sei:Ze: to learn thaeGeeleg
MAITLAND has by that gallant ea
enterpiising Officer General Ross.
The following is opr most recent intelligence fres
our army under Generals HILL and Smutty, futile
South o Spain ;
SEVILLE, SEPT.
" The distinguished brigade, under the command
of Colonel Srxnarrr, with the le of his Majesty's
Guards, the 59th,,n4,7014igteilipts, detacbmeett
of the 95th, and German tegions, with the P°"11•
guese under Colonel Dowser, had received the Mar-
quis of Wes.usurron's orders to proceed oa the Mhz.
rSeptember to Truzillo, and from thence to Toledo

ova not his lit 'b Only Oa this base of I.!
ecutisr. • lines of operation
lught of the insultingnantazit* central point to wl
who, when surroundif,Nrat of this grand
.mor
Looset to maintair
on condition that they u But, however 11
trch about their busines,s with portion of the do
ro What situation would be injurious its lop

- , -
afirom hfrscow to St. Petersburgh there are £5 post stations,
of which the peinelpal are khr, i'ver, Torieck, 11ovogurod,
t
&c. o
a Thedagrft total distance is 6£ll inlirspi, Ot tOlt,bssupos, countiof
as . ' - .3, ii, . a.. .
I- Enylists co
and . • ' • *hie established
is Mach* chit 'w elf
minassrce of the • is extremely'
vadtatlllMV-prbdoetiVe. The bemp„ ' • 'ilte. which'
',England obtained fornsrlbussia, *ere 'Mita the mutt
provinces, now in the possession of our army.