Star.
London, England, 1825-12-29 00:00:00

PARIS ACADEMY OF SCIENCES.

REPORT or M. DUPUTTRIIN ON TII PROPOSITION OP
MESSRS. COSTA, .LASSIS, AND LASSERRIE.
• M. Dupuytren rose, for the purpose of reading his
third report on the question.of yellow fever.
It will be recollected that M. Costa, after having
combated the system of contagion, and the sanitary
measures which result from it, proposed, conjointly
with Messrs. Lassis and Lasserre, to make upon them-
selves all the experiments which might be judged ne-
cessary to throw a light upon the question ; and also to
put on clot! es which had been worn by individuals
who had died of the yellow fever, and which could
be sent from the Antilles to France, in chests hauled-
cally sealed.
M. Dupuytren, after having expressed his admiration
at the devotion of the physicians who had made this
proposition, referred to the attempts which had at dif-
ferent times been made to accomplish the same object.
A considerable number of physicians, impelled by their
zeal for humanity, bad fearlessly put on shirts which
had been worn by the sick ; injected into their sto-
machs black matter which had been vomited, either
mixed with water, or without it, in potions of from nine
to ten ounces, and had even inoculated themselves with
it. Dr. Vailly, who arrived at a town where the yellow
fever was raging, died of that disorder eight days after
having made similar experiments. His death, however,
proves abs-lutely nothing in favour of contagion, since
it may always be doubted whether,when near the bun
tain bead of the malady, it has not been contracted by
inlei.tion. Others have satisfactorily overcome these
trials; but their su.cess does. not the more make against
the doctrine of contagion, since it may be always sup-
posed that circumstances which were peculiar to those
persons preserved them.
" 'may be added," observed M. Dnpuytren, 4' that
these experiments are noi conclusive for another rea-
son, in making themohe dilletent means which follow
nature in vie transmission of the virus, have been too
much overlooked. Each species of virus has its pecu-
liar mode of transmission. Some, like syphilis and
hydrophobia, do not act by their and are only
transmissible by inocul.tion ; on the contrary, the
measles and scarlet lever, ate only transmitted by their
ealvia, and all cents to inoculate for them would be
visiii; the itch is tra Ismitted by contas t and inocula.
turn; others, like the rock virus, a e transmissible by
effluvia, by c titact, and by inocul In our Assts.
► .ute igatnati.se t,t tlsc wodes by which the yellow level

[PRICE SEVEN PENCE.

is communicated, in cases where it is transmissible by
oth-r means than infection, it is necessary to try them
oils Even that is not entaugh; it is necessary, is making
these trials, to be eare'ul to place ourselves in the
conditions which experience has taught us to be the
most proper to the developement of endemic disorders,
conditions, which, unhappily, are hut too little known:
M. Dupuytren here alluded to a series of questions,
h.ch it would be necessary to hare resolved before
decidedly conclusive experiments could he made. "It
is requisite," said lie, " to boon the influence which
heat, humidity, and the greater or less elevation above
the sea exercise. It would be also of importance to
mike researches as to the effect of crowding together a
number of men io the same pjaee—for instance, to see
lithe emanations from the bodies of negroes are more
hurtful than those from whites Would not the enact
proportion of men assembled in the same place be
another condition of the problem ? Is it not possible
that it mar be the same with the yellow fever as with
certain miasmas, which, concentrated in a room filled
with sick, have not a deleterious operation, and which
become pernicious almost immediately when a slight
augmentation of the number takes placer- M. Dupuy-
tren went onto cite an important fact—" ate of your
Commissioners," sold he, "is a physician tn an hospital,
olit of the wards of which can, without inconvenience,
c:,ntain t sob hundred sick. In ordinary cases, this num-
ber is not exceeded ; but in 1815, the heaping together
of the patients having caused the saititat y precautions
to he neglecte I, this number was . carried to 300.
From that moment the air suffered an a t ratio"!•, the
nature of which could not be ascertained by a chettical
analysis, but which wis known by a nauseous odour,
and by the appearance of rottenacu in the hospital, and
by fevers of a virolent character. What is remarkable
is, that it was not necessary that a great augmentation
of the sick should take place to give rise to these effects
—a simple increase of twenty patients, that is to say, a
tenth more than the customary number, sufficed to de-
stroy the proportion which existed between the mass of
air and the s ck. Another and niq less important re-
mark is, that sever .1 different affections developed in-
the impure air of the ward found it vent nut of the hiss •
petal, and were communicated to houses in which the
same causes of infection no longer existed, as if the p;cs-
portion, when once broken, developed itself in a vitas
of a peculiar. nature.'
The conclusions of the 'left:lt are—grst, that the
zeal of the Physicians who hid proposed themselves as
subjects for experiment. deserves the highest praise;
second, that although the experiments pointed ont can-
not conduct to any conclusive result, they ongl.t to be
considered as the commence•itent of series for the
purpose of throwing a light upon the stPlect, and that
from this title they ought to be a ppr.ored and en-
couraged, whenever they are not of a nature to com-
promise the security and tranquillity of tie pubic.
The Commissioners have not thought it their duty
to confine themselves to these condoms:its. ,4 Consider-
ing that the yelow fever might, ;n :pie of the vigilance
of Government, at one time or other make its appear-
ance its our western provinces, and these exercise [he
greatest ravages—that in this case the state of uncer-
taiiity in which the public mind would I e left might be
attended with the most lamentable consequences, they
are of opinion that too much haste cannot be made to
take advantage of the prevent interval of the absence of
yellow fever in Europe, til obtain the most positive in-
formation as to its nature, its mode of transmission, and
the means proper, either to prevent ills invasion, or to
cure it when it has dictated itself. They, is conse-
quence, request of the Academy to prop se a grand
prize to him who should throw the greatest light upon
these divers questions, the value to be proian timed to
the extent of researches and voyages which might be
undertaken. They hope that the Goiernmetit will not
se use to add new funds to those placed at their dispo-
sal by M. Montbyrn."
Upon this proposition, a slight discussion aro,e. Mr.
Geoffrey alluded to a fact which had been communi-
cated to him by M. Dupuytren, and drew from it a con-
clusion contrary to the system of purely local infection.
M. Bow, who resided a long time at Charleston,where
the yellow fever is endemic, cited a number of facts.to
prove that the disorder had a peculiar operation in the
port and in the neighbouring streets; the influence of
the temperament was also very sensible there. M. Bose
concluded by pointing out the results which had been
collected on this subject.
Id. De I.A Place asked, in reference to the con-
clusions of the report, it the Academy would au-
thor ise and encourage experiments which might produce
disastrous results to those who might attempt them ?
The conclusions of the report were put to the vote and adopted.
In teterence to the institution of.a grand prize, proposed by the
Commission, for the best work on this important subject, it was
understood that the Academy could not nine to any decision until
after mature deliberation, and with this view the report of .5.1.
Dupuytren was ordered to be printed.

Intelligence has been received of the arrival of Capt.
FRANKLIN with his party, all in good health, at
Latha-
buche, where it was intended to pass the winter. On
their route a canoe was stuve in, which occasioned con-
siderable delay; but another being prrearesi they were
enabled to proceed. In compliance with a superstitious
prejudice of the Indians, two large eyes are painted •on
the bows of the canoe, which ate thought by the Indians
to keep it in a straight direction. Capt. Faawarn had
heard of the death of All 5. FRANKLIN. The Commis;
sioners appointed to ascertain the boundaries te:wtt ft
the United States and the Britislx.territory, had made
considerable progress in their labours, which ere as-
pecteJ to be b ought to a conclusion about May or
June, in the ensuing year.

A Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year are
generally the coopatalatioos at this (mho Season, and every
auxiliary is eagerly sought after for the embellishment of the
Person; the moat prominent trait of beauty in either Sea is a Ire
Head of Hair; its beautiful arrangement is aided and assisted by
the wonderful energetic powers of Rows.axis Manassas Ott,
which h.ts, by its superior excelleace, in rooming the eltipmee
and durability of that grand ornament, gained the bdmirsfon of
the whole world. Parents and Guardians moat offer to Is se
under their care a more acceptable present, u dist easeful adoin,
ment attended to so youth is ot the highest iimperzanu. C ni-
,hictora of Seminaries will 110.1 Itowaarue's Macastaa Ott. hid
pens Ably necessary. To prevent impositions acct for ilowismais
.11sessair Gil.
Signed its fled, A. ROWLAND AND SON.


. •

THE EVENING STAR.

LONDON.

SWAIM PAID.
A nglq.Meslcan 5 ptm 100 35
Brazilian 100 5
Bolivar 50 3
Poto.i. La Paz, & Peruv. 50 5
Real del Monte 400 400
United Mexican 40 20
Ditto New 40 10
Canada Company 100 • 10 -
blesican Company 100 10

:11

F

THURSDAY, DECEMBER 29, ISIS.
STOCK EXCHANGE, TWELVE O'CLOCK.

The Consol market appeared in a very unsettled state tb is
morning, they opened at 811 8!, afterwards were done at 82 to
for the Account, and are now SI; 82. A good deal of money
business was done in the earlier put of the morning. Console were
done at 814 for the opening.

In the Foreign Market little is doing.
Current Prices: Old Spanish 113, Colombian New 643, Rus-
sian Ts*. Greek Bonds 16 171. Exchequer lUle S discount.

PC ICR OP STOCKS AT TWO O'CLOCK.
Bank Stock 21S 2141,E
3 per Cent. lted. 8114 14 1307/3 811/4
3 per Cent. Cons. Shut.
31 per Cent. 8914 •
31t per Cent. Red. 891/4 1/4 88/s 891 A
Long Ann. 19% 20
India Bonds par. 2 pron.
£l.OOO Escheq. Bills 3 disc. 1 prem.
1;500 ditto 3 disc. par.
£lOO and £201) ditto 2 5 prem.
Cons. for Account 82 81% R 2 IA 81% 82:
FORRION FUNDS, TWO O'CLOCK.
Austrian Ills S p Ct Mes. Scrip.
Ditto Acct. 90 Neapolitan Bonds,
Ihnids.6ll 67 Penis. 11.1101 p C. 41
Do. Sctip,S pC. 1823, es. Ditto Scrip, 1825.6 pC.
Buenos Ayres Bonds 74 Positive's Bonds 76
p Ct. Pmts. Eds. Sp C.
Colombian lids, 6 p C. Ditto Acct.
Do. lids 1824. 601 61 601 611 1 Do. Bonds, 1822,
I/o. Ace. 611 611 Itsups.Bds,lB22, S pCt. 79 81
Danish Bonds. Ditto Acct. 791
Ihs. /darks Span. 3p Ct. C. 121
Ditto Bends. 3 p Ct. 1.825, Me Ditto for Ace.
Ditto Acct. Ditto 510, 111
Greek Bowls Span. s p_. I.N. 1323,
Do. Bds, 1823,17 161 French Bente+, Sp C.
Ditto Acct. Exchange
hies. Bonds p. Ct. SS/ French Rstr:tes. 3p C.
Ditto Acct. S p C. Exchange.
Dn. 1id5,1825. 6 pC. 641 S Guatemala Bands,
Do. Acct. 651 41 SI I Ditto Scrip dis.
BRITISH AND FOREIGN SHARES, TWO O'CLOCK

424
61 7 61
is
Si
575
274
17;18
24

The Money Market is recovering from the pressure
to which it had been subjected, slowly, but steadily,
and with an accelerated power•

This is imputed to the return of mutual confidence,
and with perfect justice. But the cause of this confidence
is an opinion on the part of th.rse who have future pay-
ments to make, that when the day of payment arrives,
money will not be wanting to enable them to discharge
the debts they owe, either by means of forthcoming
receipts from others indebte I to them, or by means of a
sale, on beneficial terms, of such public or private secu-
rities as they may be possessed Of. Tnis conviction be-
coming every day more diffused, commercial men cease
to hoard, in idleness, masses of money which they may
profitably employ for a few days, weeks, or months,
before those hoards are wanted for their own. individual
purposes—and consequently, money is returning into
circulation in great abundance. From this very sim-
ple cause, the STAR singly and alone, argued that the
late panic might have been arrested on the threshold,
before it stalked abroad in the gig*tic and terrible
strength which it afterwards assumed, by an increase
of the interest of Exchequer Bills. Three days after we
suggested this remedy, Government accordingly did
increase that Interest on a small portion only of the Bills
then outstanding, which partial measure, like all half
[measures, though sound in principle, was insufficient
in degree.
_ _

We reiterated the necessity of an increase of interest

universally, and to a higher rate, so often and so vehe-
mently, that we at length wet e really ashamed of thing
the patience of our Readers with this everlasting theme,
in which we were still unsupported by any one of our
contemporaries. At length, when general rain seemed
to be impending, and when Exchequer Bills fell to
a discount of tear and a Half per Cent. the mea-
sure so often pressed by us on the public attention
was adopted, but with a very sparing hand.—
It has been, however, immediately effectual is stopping
• the progress of the calamity, as the event incontestibly
proves. Eacheq'►er Bills are now virtually at par, the
large Bills only being at two shillings discount, while
the small ones are at an equal premium. Funded pro-

petty, as a matter of necessary consequence, rises with
Esc.bequer Bilk—and Si per Cent. Stock, which ten
days ago sold for 81, now at the price of 89, and
must continue still further to advance. We have no
earthly doubt, that, from the same cause, Consols, be-
fore the middle of January, will be at 85.
• In the meantime the stoppage of so many Country

Banks has pressed hard upon the poor. The local notes
having ceased to be negociable, the labouring classes
are thrown upon their own resources ; and they now,
in a time of general distress, discover the invaluable

blessing bestowed on the country in that admirable
foresight which planned the institution of Savings'
- Banks, which fostered and encouraged them, not only
by legislative safeguards, and by free and gratuitous
official services, but by the actual stimulus of a national
bounty, in the shape of higher interest than any rate of
profit afforded for' he use of money in the market.
The Local Savings' Banks all correspond with the
National [hist Qiice in London, as the central depart-

Meat. Theformer receive from the poor, individually,
sum* as low as even oqe shilling and op to considerable
*mounts. They remit these deposits in sums not less
thin fifty poutitli to the National Debt Office, by order
of which department they arse invested in stock at
he rice of the day. PA whatever the interest

'may be, which the Government •is thus enabled
'-to realize by its inve talents, the Saving? Banks
receive compound half yearly interest from Government,
At the rate of three?ence per ct. per diem, or 41.115. Sd.
rer annum. There vre upwards of four hundred local
Banks thus in communication, ind accounting with the
National Debt Office, which computes on each item
paid in or drawn out, compound interest at the rate
above specified from day to day, and twice a year
balances with each of the Local Books to a farthing.—
At a single day's notice, the Trustees of any of those
Banks may draw out the whole, or any part of. its
balance, at the time being.
By these facilities it bas happened, in the short space
of five or six years, that the money now at the disposal
of the poor, is not less than thirteen millions sterling,
and the ordinary rate of savings, for some time, has
exceeded a million every six months.

This great resource, fus, during the late distressei,
become most powerfully available to the labouring and
provident poor. The sums drawn out, however, have
not been so large as the general suffering throughout
the country might have given reason to suppose.
We understand that not more than 200,0001. has
been drawn out by all the Banks: within the last six
weeks;and little doubt exists that much Of this has been
withdrawn in the way of panic, by the •ery ignorant
poor, rather than from necessity.

-000..--.

Letters were this morning receive 3, by a respectable
merchant in the City, from Constantinople, of the 25th
of November, and from Smyrna, of a recent date, with
which we have been favoured. They contain no intel-

ligence of political importance beyond the fAct of_ the
Porte having officially directed an officer of great dis-
tinction in proceed to the Dardanelles, to receive his
Excellency the Honourable STRATFORD CANNING, as
Ambassador Extraordinary from this country-

Demerara Papers to the 15. h of November have been
received ; they contain no political intelligence, but at
the time the Colony was tranquil. One of these papers
states, that Mr. Wm.xen, the Superintendent of the
Winkel Department, at Berbice, had been superseded
in his office. A fatal accident had occurred at De-
merAra, by the upsetting of a Cotial wh•le navigating
the Rapids, in consequence of which Mr. Gaoacocx
and Mr. BazmNast were drowned.

This forenoon we received German Papers to the 23d
inst. Neither the Austrian Observer nor the Vienna Court
Gazette to 17th D •cember inclusive, make any mention of
the death of the Emperor of Russia. It will be seen
that the Magistrates of Hungary are not yet fullyrtis-
fied with the rescript of the Emperor of AUSTRIA :The
following are extracts :
CONSTANTINOPLE, Ncossases 25.
The landing of the new expedition from Egypt at
Navarino, without meeting any opposition, induces
most persons to expect, that the insurrection in the
Mores will very speedily be quelled, especially as the
depositions continue among the Greek Chiefs at Napoli
di Romania. Some Members of the Government are said
to have been put in prison, and others banished toCandia.
Tartars have brought news from Larissa, that the
Captain Pacha had supplied Para' and Lepanto with
provisions, and then proceeded against Missolonghi,
where Redschid Pacha, it is said, only waited for his
arrival to make another attempt to take that important
place by storm. It he Friend of Me Laws, of the lath
of November, endeavours to represent the state of things
in this part of Greece as not entirely hopeless; but
many, even of the friends of the Greeks, here begin to
look upon these hopes as illusions, with which, perhaps,
the author deceives himself.

VIENNA, Dscanza 17.

The news of the death of the Emperor of Russia, re-
ceived here from Berlin, by letters of the 15th, had less
effect on the Exchange there than it had here. Oar
funds are, however, recovering. A Courier from the
new Emperor is every moment expected.