Star.
London, England, 1831-02-09 00:00:00

PRESENT STATE OF SWITZERLAND.

.
1 Coi-
f Cantons. Chief Towns. ' SquareP°Pula. Religion. I tingen
league. Soo. t
IForevx.
..-....-.........-- —..--
Zurich Zurich 90 224,150 Protestant 3,7:10
~ Bern Bern 327 337.710 Mix d 5,824
Lucent Lueern 73 105.600 Catholic 1.734
Uri Altorf 37 13 930 Do. 238
Schnitz Sawicz 31 36.040 Do. 012
Unterwald Santa' i 37 23,150 Do.
I 382
a Glaris Glaris 31 28,960 Mixed 482
Zug Zug 1,4 14.710 Catholic 2.-144
Fribourg Fribourg 78 77.060 Di. 1,-!10
Soleure •leure 33 54,380 Do. 994
a Basle /kale 24 55,350 Protestant '9lB
, Schaffouse Schaffouse 17 28,050 Do. 466
r Appenzell Appenzell 19 57.510 Mixed 972
>.St. Gall St. Gall 104 157,700 Do. 2.630
Orisons noire 318 92,096 Do. 1,6440
t. Argos!' rau We MIA* U.l. 2,4141
Tisividir Feauenfeld 42 - Wit Da. 1,520
Tessin Lugano 146 ISM/ Catholic 1.804
irked Lausanne 155 1781890 Protestant 2.964
Valais Sion 216 77,20 Catholic 1,280
Neerw:hotel Neuchatel 38 as,die Protestant 960
Geneva Geneva 12 53,580 Mixed 880
Total
1 —
1,925 2,037,030 33,738

1,925 , ,8301 I =,75e
The Annuaire for 1831 contains some curious documents
relative to the mortality and the population of France, and
particularly relative to the progress of the population in the
city of Paris during the year 1829.
It appears by the calculations of M. Mathieu, that that,
are in France 520,728 individuals of from 20 to 21 years of
age. Allowing the half of this number to be women. there
would remain 260,354 men. This calculation supposes the
population to be 30 millions, which is about that of the
kingdom. After alluding to the progressive augmentation
of the population from 1817 to 1828, the author re-
marks, that the number of boys exceeds that of
the girls, and observes, that if the total increase (which is
one out of 162) should continue in the same ratio, the po-
pulation would be augmented a tenth in fifteen years, two-
tenths in twenty-nine years, half in sixty-four years, and
that it would require 110 years for it to be double what it is
at present. The table of M. Duvillard gave only twenty-
eight years and three-quarters as the average duration of
life before the Revolution ; but, according to M. Mathieu,
its average length is now thirty-one years and a half,
which makes an increase of nearly three years, and in-
dubitably is to be attributed to vaccination, and the exten-
sion of the comforts of life among the lower classes of so-
ciety. The births which took place in Paris, in 1829,
amount to twenty-eight thousand seven hundred and twenty.
one, of which 14,860 were boys, and 13,961 girls. Of
this number 1,856 were born in wedlock,' and 10,153 were
illegitimate. There were but 2,103 natural children of
known parents. The marriages were in the following pro-
portions :—Bachelors and spinsters, 5,873 ; bachelors and
widows, 349 ; widowers and spinsters, 710 ; widowers and
widows. 191—total, 7,123. During the same year the
number of deaths in private houses were 15,268, in the civil
and military hospitals and the prisons, 10,047 ; ..!76 bodies
were found in the Morgue—total, 25,591. Thus, in 1819,
the births exceeded the deaths by 3,130. During the year
1828 there were in France one hundred and twenty-eight
persons who had attained their hundredth year. In the de-
=lint of Dordogne 11 ; in the Gironde, 13 ; and in the
Pyrenees, 10. There were but two in the depart-
ment of the Seine.
By a report from the Minister of CRIMINAL Justice -
in FRAN ce for 1829, it appears that out of 7,373 accuse•l
persons in custody, 4,523 could neither read nor write,
1,947 could read and write imperfectly, 729 could read
and write well, and 170 had received an education superior
to the above. Hence, out of 100, only 39 had received in-
struction, while 61 were in complete ignorance. In crime,
against the person, 41 out of 'lOO were able to read, and
38 out of 100 in crimes against property. Out of the
7,3J3 accused persons in custody, 2,808 were acquitted,
and 4,475 condemned, namely,.— 89 to death, 1,353 to
hard labour, 1,222 to solitary confinement, 1 to the pil-
lory, 2 to degradation, 3 to banishment, and 1,825 tecor-
rectioaal punishment. -•
In a publication which has just appeared epos the sub-
ject of SEASORtiIt COALS, it is argued that the duty
ET:upon and enhances the poor-rate and assessed taxes.
fling six persons to a family, and cutting off the frac •
.tional parts of a penny, the counties taxed for seaborne
coals; viz. Sussex, Essex, Suffolk, Cambridge, Kent, Nor-
folk, Lincoln, Hants, &Wiry, Dorset, Middlesex, Devon,
and Cornwall, pay on the average 41. 14s. 9d. for each fa-
mily to the poor rate. Essex, of itself, pays about 61. 4s. 6d.
per annum. Thirteen counties not so taxed only pay an
average of 21. 17s. 2d. In one county (Devonshire) for in-.
stance, nearly one-thirteenth part of' the population is main-
tained out of the poor rates ; hence it follows that out of these
rates (without taking the fractional parts over and above the .
children allowed for each person) 8951. 10s. go into the
pocket of government every year for duty ; but in addition
to this a collection is made every season expressly to provide.
coals for the poor. Last year the sum of 2401. was col-
lected, out of which sum the tax of 391. 18s. was paid,
thereby showing that not only are our compulsory payments
enhanced, but that our private contributions suffer by a large
deduction from the amount. In the taxed counties, the aver-
age paid for the assessed taxes for each family' is 21.95. Id ;
in the untaxed, 11. 10s. 10d. per annum ; Essex of itself
pays 11. 10s. 10d. per annum ; Essex of itself pays
21. 14s. The author, among other arguments in favour of
the abolition of the duty, urges that the real lees to the re-
venue would not be so great as on the first view of the ques-
tion it may be supposed, " the duty being materially aug-
mented in its nominal value, by the sums paid in the go-
vernment departments; and it must not be forgotten that
nearly all the naval arsenals, and the principal part of the
government offices, are situated where the coal-tax is .
charged. It appears that the whole duty is collected in the
following places, and in the proportions set against them :
Load's awl /limey ... 1.414,190 Lime . . . 410,891 •
N— 83,664 Suffolk . . • MS!
t ek is
8.a;7
152,549 Dorset
. • •Ary
-Devon 42,784 Cambridge' • • 8175
Hams ... 37,813 Llscola • 7•194.
;Bowes 18,296
Cqnuwall • • - 32;721
The Isle of Anglesea pays 6,1371. a part of. Yplsilte:'r
7,6141. which, with a few trifling sums collected in:eariotts
made the total for 1829, 844.2661.

' - amnia BIIPS.—A couple a bet °Can tionspina igen%
Ts
chain, heated rod hot in the wan and in tise,warnt-
ing-pan, imparts equal warmth to the with red hot
coals, and avoids the sulphurous effluvia of the latter, yr well
as the occasional danger of removing them.