Star.
London, England, 1831-01-04 00:00:00

ING, JAN. 4, I

• PRICE 711.

forthwith opened to her vessels, before the arrangementsint ld be carried
into effect on her me; pursuing, in this act of prospective legislation, a
similar course to that adopted by Great Britain, in abolishing, by her
act of Parliament, in 1825, a restriction then existing, and permitting
our vessels to clear from the colonies, on their return voyages, for any
foreign country whatever, before British vessels had been relieved from
the restriction imposed by our law, of returning directly from the United
States to the adonies--a restriction which sire requited and expected
that we should abolish. Upon each occasion, a limited and temporary
advantage has been given to the opposite party, but an advantage of no
importance in comparison with the restoration at mutual confidence and
good feeling, and the ultimate establishume of the trade.upon fair
principles.
It gives me unfeigned pleasure to assure you that this negociatine
has been, throughout, characterised by the most frank and friendly
spirit on the part of Great Britain, and concluded in a manner strongly
indicative of a sincere desire to Widnes the best Madura with the
United States.. To this amides to tit idlest extern
my ability Is a I shall timenif.
Although the rem is iadt the bat en
tendered is his erantey by time Mallow at the Cart of St. lames, it
Would be doing violence to my feelings were Ito dimes the abject
without expressing the very high sense I entertain of the talent ad a.
adorn which have been displayed by him on the oceasion.
The injury to the commerce of the United States moles hem the
exclusion of our vessels from the Black &a, and the raises foetal of
mere sufferance upon which even the limited trade enjoyed by us wititTur-
key has hitherto been placed, have for a long time, been a source of much
solicitude to this Government, and several endeavours have been made to
obtain a better state of things. Sensible of the impetrate of the object, I
felt it my duty to leave no proper means unemployed to acquire for
air flag these= privileges that ate enjoyed by the principal powers
of Europe. Commissioners were, consequanly, appointed to open
a negotiation with the Sublime Porte. Not long &Par.
_the Member
of the Commission, who went directly hem the Used States, had
sailed, the account of the treaty of Adrianople, by Which on. of the ob.
late in view was supposed to be secured, reached this weary. The
Black Sea was understood to be opened to us. Under the
that this was the case, the additional facilities to be derived
estabikinent of commercial regulations with the Porte were deemed of
aids* importance to require a prosecution of the negotiation as twi-
st/aft contemplated. It was, therefore, persevered in, and resulted in
a treaty which will henceforth be laid before the Senate.
By its provisions a free passage Is secured, without limitation of time,
to the vessels of the United States, to and from the Black Sea, including
the navigation thereof; and our trade with Turkey is placed on the
footing of the most favoured nations. The latter is an arrangement
wholly independent of the Treaty of Adrianople; and the former tie.
rives much value, not only from the increased security which, under
any circumstances, it would give to the tin question, but from the
fast, ascertained in the course of the negseiadon, that, by the construc-
tion pet upon that Treaty by Turkey, the article relating to the
of the Bosphorus is confined to the nations having Treaties will: are
Porte. The most ftiendly feelings appear to be entertained by the Sul-
tan, and an enlightened disposition is evinced by him to foster the in.
tercouree between the two countries by the most liberal arrangements.
This disposition it will be our duty and interest to cherish.
Our relations with Russia are of the most stable character.—Respect
for that empire, and confidence in its kiendahip towards the United
States, have been so long entertained en ewe art, and so carefully che-
eks& by the wont Emperor mile ialsfwa predecessor; as to have,
assme in 19.114 with the .100111-daentla of the United States.
111ee morns 7be hit •mospispoll IN my pit MP waft drop salutary
hasp, and these iquevslioNiiir Ala do ssoussist Istereoutoe
between the two ossattles is sunsool% soli wbisb bine derived in.
suissi iso am OUT tvasty milk ilis edam* lltsits.
1 sbaesse swat 14 Inform that ear MAW lately commis—
skid Is dist saw, as whose talents sad experience
lue....sak_its 1 *at pat Moss, Ms Wm . canape
to wales a viellio, I_,, as. of die
si,
exteno wb eh his ssesistess- los bum ini is do service,
was eseunitted to his tlisiiiiimi, st baying sompsnally 'pot far the
advantage of a genial Ants.
If, as it is to be bolsi, the improvement of his health will he sash as
to justify hiss is the will repair to St. Petersburgh, sad se-
sums the duties. 1 have received the mestalls.
factory saunas% it in the meantime, the public interests in thee
quarter will be roma hem prejud(es, by the intercourse which be
will continue, three* the Secretary of Inption, with the Russian
cabinet.

You are apprised, although the het has not yet been oilicially an-
flounced to the House of Representatives, that a treaty was, in the
month of March last, concluded between the United States and Den-
mark, by which 650,000 dollars are secured to our Ohms as an in. i
demoity for spoliation upon their commerce in the yeses 1808, Mk
1810, 1811. This treaty was sanctioned by the Senate at the des of
I its last session, and it now becomes the duty at Coops is pus the as-
canary laws for the organization of the Bond of Commliiinses 1.
tribute the the indemnity amongst the clamant,. 11 is an ignoble dr-
CaMaillnal In this adjustment, that its.tiross sea in aufarmity with is
previously ascertained views of the claimants themselves; thus UMW-
kg AB pest enm for a future agitation of the subject in any form.
Of dm polies net yet 4004 the most peeminent are our chime
upon Francs far spoliadons upsu ese esininereo ; dinner claims upon
Spain, together with anbansinmeges in the oringnerela intercourse be-
tween the two countries, which nightie be removed;. the =donee of
the treaty of commerce and soigne* wish /gado, which hes hem so
long in as well as the selanneOs if Habi between our.
selves and that R9oblic • and lue% AI obilimullet of the question
between the United State: and Greakenhin, is sepal to the North-
eastern boundary.
The aenotatles with France has been cceduad with 'lsland ability,
and in self respects to my entire "edelweiss. Alismilt the prospect el-
s froural termination Wi* 000=Wir 41111111.11- II counterspreas.
dons, to which the United States net anent, ha pet bad' strong
hopes of being able to arrive at a addicted satiating with the late
government. The negotiation has been renewed with the present
authoritleas• and, sensible of the pod and lively confidence of
oar chimes in the justice and seigneslinity of regeneented France,
I regret the more not to have it in my power, yet, to amours the
teak so confidently anticipated. No pram% however, inconsistent
with-this expectation. has been tams ; soli do net slaw myself to
doubt-that justice will soon be duos to us. The mono of the claims,
tlw length of the time they have randned unaided, and their Woos-
trovatible justice, make the prosecution of than by this Government an
urgent duty. The illegality of the mimes and eadentgess out of
which they her arisen in net alipased ; and disimetions may
have been besseelsee set up with mend es the BONO Odle existing
Government, it is quite doer they Seek considerations cannot now be
Warped.
The arnemial ielomearee between the two mastrks is stuespdble
of bliA4wassigismipus Improvemenes t bat the son of this Wray hen
bed, - mot =Mimeo to hoe, • easy odeveigghb iniminsee=
than. he eaddectery Ojasomest, net soft a Gun and
al bet a ~min development of disk minden nay be ex-
peetelant Is, dwie, my mom hope, that this rid and vexatious
subject of Moose asp be weedily tonsoved.
I feel that my easidenes In our appeal to the motives which should
govern sleet ad seagessisras nation, is alike warranted by the chit.
Teeter oldie French people, and by the high voucher we possess foe the
enlarged views and purelnegerity of the Monarch who Dow presidesover
bee councils; and nothing shall be wanting en my pert to meet any
manifestation d:the spirit we anticipate in one of corresponding
frankness and liberality.
The subjects of diferenee with Spain have been borsht to the view
of that Government, by our Minister there, with musk leas and pee-
piety ; and the strongest assurances have been received of their early
and favourable consideration.
The steps which remained to place the matter in controversy between
Great Britain and the United States fairly before the arbitrator, here
all been taken in the sante liberal and irisudissepirk which dramat-
ized thaw before announced. Recent exalts have doubtless saved to
delay the decision, but our Minister at the Court a the distinguished
mitigator has bee; severed that it will be made whhin the time coo-
tempiated by the treaty.
I am particularly gratified in being Ole to snob shat a decidedly fa.
' wearable. and, as I Imre, lasting change, has been erected in saran-
dons with the neighbouring republic oridexico. Tr unfeetunne and
unfounded suspicions in viprd to ours which it became my
;misfit' duty m advert to on a farm Ms :when, I believe, ea-
Orly removed; and the Gorman* of Solo het been, rands to up,
dastand the real Osman of the wishes amiesioeis of staid to
is that country. The conergoeses , the eihMileu of and
• mutual confidence. Such are the arwannse willob I bar ad
" 1 see ne cases to doubt their doeseisp. t •
I hod mem to expect the conclatio if a amoreini loop with.
t Menke, in mass for anntuunialtild as iii went Made& Cie-
. anestances welch awe not explained, but whidb, am paraded, see
not the result of as indisposition on be pan to OW into it, have pee-
, dead the delay.

- .
. .. . .
There was reason to fast, in •he comae of lut summer; that the hat,
Merry of oar relations might btfilliturboil by the acts of certain' claim.
ants,undsr Mexican recta, of binitory which have hitherto been un,I.T
jariadicdoe. The co-operation of the representative of Mesa
this Oilvarnmeitt, was asked elf the occaelon, anti was tendril
jir ...seeded. and advice have bean given to the Governor of
(Arkansas., of In command in the adjoining %lexical St-lie,
which, ' -the_ richt of that frontier vrill be preened!, until a
11 m ofthetlvlding line shall have reamed all-grew d of
•
itrovetry : • .
`se exottabge of ratifications of the Treaty corcluded 13g y..sr a 't
t has not yet taken place. TM .
..fielay,bas been ocertiioned try the
ival of the ratification of that lieveloment within the time pee-
.by the Treaty. Renewed **been riled for hy 1111
representative of Austria ; and in the the raridly Inerevin ;
made &ad navigation between the two ve been placid op -41
the most liberal footing of our navigation atilt:
Several alleged depredations have been recently committA on o :r
commerce by the national vessels of Portugal. They have Bern nt 1.,e
the subject of immediate remonstrance and reclamation. lam not 7,1
postessed of sulfician infortnatiouto =mist definitive opinion of th•.:r
character, but expect soon to receive it. No prom means shall he
omitted to obtain for our citizens all the redress to which they 'nay ap-
pear to be entitled.
It gives me pleasure to announce to Coogren, that the benevolent
policy of the government, steadily pursued few nearly thirty renrs, in
relation to the removal of the Indians beyond the white setileinet t i. 4
approaching to a happy consummation. Two important tribe. have
excepted the providoes made for their removal at the last Session of
Otaggess; and it is believed that their example will induce the rema4ninr
1 tribe% oho, to seek the same obvious advantages.
The ofa speedy removal will be important to the Uaital
States, .tuo= States. and to the Indians themselves. The pe-
outlay atienlategte_ which It promises to the Government are the least
of her ..ead, om. It puts an end to all possible danger of &-
Salon between the authorities of the General and State Government., on
account of the ladiass. If will pines a dense and civilised popuhrtion
In large use* et oemstry now occupied by a few savage hunter,—
' By
~.4.....lZapiis taritory. bows= Teammate on the North,
.--.2 In the settlement of the whites, it will

ititi6tably slrsingliin the souih.western frontier, 3114 r'..
der the adjacent states strong enough to repel future inv.isel with
remote aid. it will relieve the whole State of and
western part of Alabama, of Indian occupancy. and enable those Stat..
to advance rapidly in wealth, population, and power. It will separs.....
the Indians from immetlia:e contact with scttlentents of whites--free shot.

from the power of the States -enable them to pursue happiness in then
own way, and under their own rude institutions—will retard the pro-
gress of decay, which is lessening their numbers, and perhaps cause them
gradually, under the protection of the Government, and through the
blame= of counsels, to cast of their savage habits, and becont,?
an civilised, ad Christian community. These
41111Pur• soose,of them so mai, and the rest so probable, snake tie
=ol:sirenieaddist
*of themositedpbot auctioned by Congress, at their last
Towards the sines of the country no one can indulge a sisn:e
hiesdly feeling 11011,111p114 01 would go further in attempting to re-
, claim them front tbdr ernmiedpit habits, and make them a happy and
prosperous people. I haws 111161111111 fed to impress upon them my own
solemn convids of the duties ned the powers of the general Govern-
ment in relation to the State authentic'. For the justice of the laws
passed by the States within the scope of their reserved powers, they are
not responsible to this Government. As itsdividuals, we may entertain
and express our opinions of their acts, but, as a Government, we have
as little right to control them as we have to prescribe laws to foreign
nations.
With a full understanding of the subject, the Choctaw and Chick:paw
tribes have, with great unanimity, determined to avail themselves of the
liberal offers presented by the act of Congress, and have agreed to re-
move beyond the Mississippi river. Treaties have beets made with
them, which, in due season, will be submitted for consideration. In ne-
gotiating these treaties, they were made to understand their true condition ;
and they have preferred maintaining their independence in the western
forests, to submitting to the laws of the states in which they now reside.
These trestles beinit probably the last which will ever be made with
them, are characterized by great liberality on the part of the govern-
ment. They give the Indians a liberal sum in consideration of their
removal, and comfortable subsistence on their arrival at their new
homes. If it be their real interest to maintain a separate existence,
they will there be at liberty to do so without the inconveniences and
vexations to which they would unavoidably have been subject in Ala-
bama and Missiasippi.
Humanity has often wept over the fate of the aborigines of this coun-
try, arpt philanthropy liras been long busily employed in devising means
to audit... But its piejlgess has never for a moment been arrested ; and
oae bye have many powerful tribes disappawed from the earth. To
follow toll" tomb the last of his race. and to tread on the stews of
extinct Debits. excites melancholy reflections. But true philanthropy
reconciles the mind to these vtudes, as it does to the extinction of
oas generation to snake room for another. In the minimums and for-
tresses of AO unknown people. spread over the extensive regions of the
west we behold the memorials of a once powerful race, which was ex.
terminated or has disappeared to make room for the existing savage
tribes. Nor is there any thing in this which. upon a comprehensive
view of the gametal interested the human race, is to be regretted. Phi.
landiropy could not with to me this osollarat restored to the condition
in which it was hood hy_our forefathers. What good man would pre.
fer a country conned WWI fiwiess, and ranged by a few thentsaiid as:
rages, tit suer obits, studded with rides, tons. anti i•rts.-
woos with all the improvements which art can
devise, or tedoetrysitseato—ocespied by more than twelve millions of
ands filid with ell the blessings of liberty, civilization,
and rel
The present ray of the government is but a continuation of the
same progressive carnage, by a milder process. The tribes which men.
pied the Osintellosiew constituting the Eastern States were annihilated,
Of have melted away,. to make rem for the whites. The waves of popu.
lotion and dailies*. are toiling r the westward; and we now propose
to acquire the ceuntries occupied by the red men of the loath
and West by a kit cashew, and, at the expense of the United
States, to send them so a lsamilisle then existence may be prolooged,
ands rasps made repetuaL Deabdem it wiU be painful to leave the
Weis ddwir falba Oen what de they mote than our ancestors did, or
Sae sie &Oka on now den? To batter their condition in an unknown
bill, met iheoleas heir ei that was der: in earthly objects. Our ebil.
en% b thseengle, way hen the land of their birth, to sea' new
liaytM Is damn Sag Dees humanity weep at these painful %epi-
logs wary aims mid 'animate with which the young
halt hen beanie P Sem h. It is rather a source of
gff..diggs,s:r•Pe.-6-4"razurri;stirernzi
Parfation. Thom mean hundreds anti
Omani, at felt ewe expesse, peasee the lands they
NNW, Sea Nippon thawing at Ask now helm Sem the moment of
daterGral.it-Ire awl in this Govenunen when, by events which
KIPP'S USIA the Indian is used. diessmated in his ancient brae, to
pa da. Me.ib, to give him a new awl ezinanve territory, to pay the
espouse el his nnwaval, and suppers him a year in his new abode
ass may thesumb of our owe rare would ghat" embrace the
oPParkadivel_ eresilng,se the Wen an such creditless . If the offers
made to the helm wive extended to them, they would be hailed with.
P etinae andjoy,
Aid is it apposed that the wandering awe has a stronger attach.
runt.* ids hone than the settled elviliza Mahn ? Is it mars
alliktlir him mime the gravy of his fathers, than it is le at bro-
thers , Wilma ? Rightly essmiddored, the policy of the general go-
vermasat towards the rod. man Is not only liberal bee generous. He is
mueilllng esabankr the laws of the States, and mash with their
radon. To save hha faint this alternative, or perhaps suer
dos, the Gametal GovenunostAndly offers his a new ham, and re-
pass to pay the who's arum of his removal anti seedemsa.
The object Onto nadir is Arnie to by somese ensisaluidenal, end
it is considered by shiest all as dakethe is ray of its pasts.
The power to hopes/mho en *perm originally beard to the se-
veral States. The riga so anus theft duties with a view to do easii-
segment of daemonic beemelms of industry, is so gemplosely
incidental to that power, that it is dot cult to °
the existence e the one without the other. The Stems love
delegated their idiots authority ova to the General Goma.
meet, without .11mItotiso or saving the very locos.
Warble reservation Maths to their lapsed= laws. Tids who.
thy having thus entirely passed from the States, the right to eureka
lc for the purpose et random doss net mist is them; and, ease.
gunny, if be net pummel by the Game Govommaii, k mum be
Ihir inkdaddiEsthowould thus pLers4lis emewere a
pimple el,poil et ibe kens *eh own , austen.
an the min WS* aid Pokey whisk absln td
at
y
foreign selingb This surely meat be the maeg this
rat, dim einendmed by the States, must be within the nape of the
mitradia ouressal dighlOgg
ammeludnillea esedromed, so sel.by dotes of Presidents
Workli, Jaikein, Idelisaknad Ikons, who. sub repeatedly
ii_—su'd the ensonse of this-dirt under the Constkunen, as by the
malikein
WrlaWnee of Csadrisegramilas, the Madrid serkssones of the Stares,
essd
She I ing of
Tin dillenldes ors mere expedlenttstment of the present tariff,
elthatauger,„ are fait tau bear knumeustablo. BOOS onwille.
2: asp of Id hawash tbq wand destroy the whole;
se Much thiea oesblo parts, lest those they approve
IneralmlL I,ves ramie this the abeam d these an:
Sinks views do kturtiekie doe Aniendm people, and to their apnoea
atlas- The gams' inkiest is the alarm of each and my cond.
dna is swim it iscurneit the adepds• of such nmedillestioos of the
lisiess the gmumal Inemearerren, it its only necosemy that that in-
'turns valearad.
the chief. et dntis&shessld be ravioli% they may be se
ta isle kieralkabi.' In this adjesnasst, however, k
i :I. elfit the Oseesepanr tesedig.ilY Iho Posidr
i a• Oh-
ja it adore learnmsoe alone leis m e ime I these the
minim ot mar soil, oar tubes, mead makelsope, sweetie ear
penal dekoce, weepy the dret mak. What're other species a do.

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