Star.
London, England, 1830-01-20 00:00:00

c;
,Rw(`n

land indeed, faced. hits to drive a losing, instead. of a profitable
trade, and of course disabled him from paying adequate wages to.
his men. Bin, say Mr. Huskisson and 'other Statesmen, our Ea-
ports are immensely increased; so they may be, but they torn a
deaf ear to the declarations of all the exporters, who 14 than
that they are losing instead of gaining. The tutexampled efforts
that have been made to force a trade are. I think, easily accounted
for. The manufacturers and merchants of this country possessed
immense capital, powers of every kind, energy and enterprise un-
exampled. It was hardly possible to subdue their spirit, perse-
verance, and power. They found all at once that the products of
their industry lost fifty per cent. of their money value. The neces-
sary animal returns are wanting. They go to work naturally to
increase quantity, and force sales to make up this deficiency ; they
struggle on In the same way year after year; they struggle against
each other ; they compete unfairly; they even look, some of them.
with complacency upon their neighbour's fan; they press down the
wages of their men to the lowest possible degree ; they are obliged
to do so. They make them work sixteen hours instead of ten ; they
thus go, on still unsubdued, in hopes of better times; they do by
these means lower the price of commodities ; that is to say, by
sacrifice of their own profits, and exhaustion of their "forkful's%
health and strength, and so far Mr. Huskisaon may, if he pleats%
exult in the cheapness of our commodities. I can allow him but
very little for improved machinery and skill, because the produce
of the earth, and commodities, where no such improved machinery
can be applicable, have become cheaper, as he calls It, in the same
ratio as manufactures. Mr. Haddam will say. if they did not get
a profit they would turn their capital into other channels;
doubtedly they would if they could, but they cannot by any pool.
May ; that truism io the abstract, that delusion in practice. Db..
that capital and industry will fly from profitless to profitable china-
nets, will not hold at all in our present state; for all trades as,
alike profitless. There Is no hope or prospect in change, unless is.
deed they seek some mere genial clime than ours is becoMe, mid
that is a dreadful alternative, to be driven fron► their native clic+
rished country by the ignorance and pertinacity of their Rulers,
year after year, whilst sinking, to be chided for complaining, and,
be told by some Board of Trade Minister that they are thriving
more than ever; wbii.t another lesa daring statesman says, year
after year, wait a little, depend upon It all will come
round ; the country will right itself. She has righted herself,
it is true, under many a severe blow received at the hands of
her statesmen ; but the instrument with which she has at length
been struck touches the heart, and unless it is extracted will
bring on fatal convulsion of the whole frame. Ministers next
tell us that the consumption of excheable commodities is Increased,
and that therefore the condition of the lower class must be cons.
Ratable ; this proves too much ; at least it Is attempting to so
tabliah a point so at variance with the fact, and the experimmeand
knowledge of all men, as to be quite disgusting. It is pretty aims
to tell masters they are thriving when ruin stares them in the face ;
and next to offer proof of the comfortable condition of their
men, when we know they are suffering, in many cases.
an extremity of distress, and have been in that state
for years. The increased consumption, as appears by Excise
Revenue returns, is, I believe, In no small degree the effect of
greater vigilante in the collection of those duties. Another reason
is the disposition of the English to hold to that expenditure which
is combined with indulgence and comfort, giving up in preference
many necessaries. And then, I beg you to consider our case
always that of a lion caught in the toils of an insidious foe; he
struggles with his wondrous power for a long time against the
gripe of the subtle cords that bind his limbs. and moves as erect
almost as if be did not feel them ; but be will at last sink under ex-
haustless, and so shall we sink, and our exhaustion is beginning to
be very perceptible. In fact, I have always contended, and it
cannot be denied, that when we were struck by that insidious in-
strument, the most destructive which man ever levelled against the
welfare and happiness of a country, we were in a state of extraor-
dinary health and strength. and, dreadful as was the blow, we
have made such gigantic efforts, that those who are themselves yet
untouched, and whose thoughts little wander beyond their own
selfish atmosphere, are hardly conscious of the depth of the wound
that has been inflicted upon the more industrious and less fortu-
nate millions, who are now indeed beginning to smart almost to
desperation ander it.
Mr. Huskisson's advocacy of Peel's Bill, or joint authorship I
might say. with a little junta of the teat ned—at all events his advo.
racy of the Bill, and the prices thereby fixed upon commodities and
labour, astonishes me more than that of any other Statesman of
the party, because, in 1815, he in so striking and remarkable a
manner insisted always upon the necessity of high prices after the
war. In the debate upon the Corn BM in 1815, he said there
was a great diminution in the value of money ; that the farmers'
charges were doubled; that to talk of prices returning to what
they were before the war, was to inculcate a must dangerous
error; if the entire rental was given up it would not be possible.
He then adverted to the amount of taxation before the war, which
he said did not exceed sixteen millions, whereas he could not cal-
culate upon a peace establishment much below sixty millions.
Would this, be said, make no difference in the money price of ar-
ticles? and then reiterated his surprise that any body should am-
template a price of corn less than very near the double of what it
was before the war. Now it is quite clear that his good sense 1114
good feeling would alike revolt at the idea of such doubling of the
price of corn by means of scarcity of corn ; be meant, of course, a
doubling consequent upon the different money in which the prices
were told, nor could he imagine the possibility of corn bearing a
high ptice, and other commodities and labour a low price;
he could only mean that the war had effected -such
changes, that every product of industry and the wages
of labour must return double the quantity of money that
they did before the war. or the fifty or sixty millions of taxes could
not be borne by the country. What arguments induced him to
substitute his present very opposise opinions in the place of those,
so redcoat. which be then entertained, I have no clue to discover ;
a material change of circumstances may make a different coons
of action necessary, but no change of circumstances Deterred be-
tween 1815 and 1819. He certainly is subject to a change Df ?Mon
eg,different times of the day ; his•admiratiun of the Corn BM of
1815, which, on behalf of . all .the interests of the eounny, be
earnestly recommended to the adoption of the House.; his laments-
limo, in 1828, from the bottom of his soul, over .the mass
of sea and misery and destruction of capital which that same
bar had, in the course of Its twelve years' operation, pro-
goad, .axe remarkable proofs of this propensity -to see subjects
la alma points of view at different times. 41pnot melee these
murk& In order to impugn his patriotism, his talents, or his Indus-
' try, but to show that the old adage, Humanum est entire,' applies
to him as well as to et►ers ; that he is not oracular, as many gen-
tlemen in the House of Commons seem to think. He certainly.
possesses very considerable influence in the House, especially upon
such subjects as that I am now discussing, and it is desirable to
prove that be is not an infallible guide. At one or other of the
periods I have alluded to, he must have been' egregiously wrong,
and at the earliest Of those period, he could neither plead youth or
inexperience, or want of information to extenuate his errors.

In refererce to Peel's Bill, perhaps be thought with Mr. Ricardo
and other►, that it would only make a difference of price to the ex-
tent of four per cent. and that the Legislature haying, with singular
concurrence of opinions amongst the Statesmen on opposite sides of
the House, acted upon thin Idea, it would be better to drag the
country through any difficulties, and cpunterect the mischief by
sinister operations, than expose to the people the astounding
errors Into which their rulers bad fallen. He might be too deeply'
impressed also with the dilkulty of undoing what tbry bad data.
I can give him and others credit fur their motivei, but not
for sksis, wisdom, is, pursuing this mune; &web nothing 11la deal-
ing fairly and °Nall whit the people ; depend wpm it the credit
of the country would never have nand a moment under the
avowal of an error honestly made, and that there is always an the

r.r ‘A1:10^

other hand treat danger if the pipit discover that fain lights have
peen held out to them, and they find thentseives deceived.
I beg now to call the particular attention of landowners and
farmers to some opinions I shall submit to them, and which may
not be in accord altogether with some established notions, and ap-
pear at variance with some I myself entertain. In the first place
1 declare my conviction, that the most perfect exclusion of foreign
corn would not give a price of wheat above an average of 455. by
the

Winchester quarter, if Peel's Bill is to remain and be in full
force. In the next place Ido believe that if we had now the
war currency, we might at this moment open the ports
;freely to foreign corn, and that the price would rise mate-
flay notwishstanding. and be maintained permanently on
an adequate stale The price of every thing would rise, wages
would rise also. indeed if the wages of labour did not rise, the
price of corn would not, and never can (except from a scarcity of
Born,) because the laborious classes are the great consumers. and
the markets must be governed by their ability to purchase. and we
should have plenty of money and plenty of corn. The price
would rise upon the Continent simultaneously with the price
here. Prices upon the Continent are in a variety of ways
affected, and in the dealings of the Continent with us, in a
great measure governed by our Currency Laws ; and the Conti-
nent has felt, in a material degree, the dire effects of the
contraction of the currency of this country, being. in truth, a dimi-
nution of the aggregate circulating medium of all nations in com-
mercial intercourse with us. The high prices at which alone, during
the war, the continent would sell us grain, were, in a great measure,
the necessary result of our war currency ; or, in other words, cheap
sseney, and the restoration of the same currency here, would re-
liant the same prices abroad as measured in that currency; the
whole character of foreign competition would be at once altered
by the change, and its ill effects neutralised. In corroboration of
the embarrassments produced throughout the Continent by the

contraction of the currency, and consequent low money prices,
forced on them by Peel's Bill, I refer to the Report of the Com-
mittee of 1821, where h is stated that a proportion of the depres-
aims of prices prevailing in other countries is to be ascribed to the
restoration of our currency, which restoration the Committee stated
to have deranged, in some degree, the markets of every part of
the civilised world.

I do not by any means intend to admit that I think a permanent
Importation of corn desirable or safe, because there is nothing I
should so much dread as reliance upon foreign countries for any
position of our daily food. I think oar independence would be gone ;
our people would la, the subjects of those who fed them. I think
we have ample means to feed ourselves in general, and to extract
a surplus from any other country when we want it; in short,
with superior wealth we should always have the best
chance to extract occasional supply frees our neighbours;
but I contend that we can glow, and bring to market.
corn as cheap as any country in the world ; by cheap,
I mean really cheap, that is. with as little cost of la-
bour and seed, our soil and climate taken altogether are as
favourable as that of other countries. Set the prime of our soil
against the prime of other countries ; compare, in like manner. the
middling quality and bad; and we shall be found little, if any, in-
ferior for the growth of wheat. Our facilities of conveyance to
market lighten considerably the price ; then the force of superior
capital and skill are wonderfully effective to insure and to increase
produce. I say, then, we can grow it at as low a labour price as
any nation upon the Continent. More than the first
half of the last century, our price was as low, and often
lower. so that we had a large export trade of wheat.
It is our necessary taxes then, that disable as in competition with
the foreign grower, and render protecion necessary to save our
own agriculture from extinction. Now as it has been proved in a
thousand ways, that Peel's Bill effectively increased taxation to such
an enormous and unneceuary extent. as compared with taxation,
paid in the war currency, so the return to the war currency would
lighten taxation in the same degree, and with our present war
taxes, so lightened, and looking to the stock of corn in this country
and on the Continent, I at this moment should not entertain any fear
of injury to the agriculture of this country from the competition of
the foreign grower. I shall be asked what would become
of the consumers, with this rise of the money price; why, I say that
their powers of commanding the necessaries of life by augmented
wages of labour would be increased, and consequently the consump-
tion would be increased to the infinite relief and comfort of the
people. Who are the consumers? Why, the industrious and la•
borious classes are consumers—the great consumers, Statesmen

argue as if the producer was one sort of an animal. and the consumer
another, which is too absurd. The producers are the principal con-
sumers. and they could and would consume a great deal more than
they do now. We should bear no more of over-production or sue.
plus population. Depend upon it we have yet ample powers of pro-
duction and assumption too. if we were not chained to the earth
by the shackles of that fatal Bill.

I have beard many people say, the war currency we know
would relieve us for a time, but we could not keep it. By why
net? I say we could keep it. and for ibis obvious reason, that
we want it; we require It to carry un our financial and com-
mercial operations ; we cannot go on without it ; we are expiring
for the want of it ; nut commerce is sterile of profit, and our re.
venue is drawn from capital instead of income, and will. ere long,
materially decline; and our public creditor. and all other credi-
tors, will be in jeopardy. We are beginning to knock down the
fives Into four and four into three, by hocus-pocus operations
upon the funds; a miserable attempt, and is only an car-
nest of what the landholders may evert. I say then,
we cannot keep our present currency. We could. with the great-
est advantage, use and safely keep the wat currency. Bet it is said,
with such an increase of currency, our paper would lust all value.

Wby so, I ask again? Our paper is credit, and our credit is
unshaken. Our credit is even better established than ever by this
tremendous trial It has undergone. Our integrity and faith is
evinced in a most extraordinary manner by our persevering to de-
struction almost, to accomplish what is beyond all human power;
namely, to pay our creditors twice as much as we borrowed of them.
The paper or credit of a country will go down, when that country
limning it cannot fulfil its engagements, or what a greater quan-
tity of credit currency is issued than the COIMONITCO of the
country requires. But that would not be our case ;we could ab-
sorb nearly as much, if not quite, as we bad in circulation during
the war. Fictitious wealth is then talked of, as if the medium of
exchange constituted wealth. It is true that gold and diver are
valuable commodities; but as money, they are a dead weight, in-
stead of adding to our wealth. What is the rational debt but a
credit upon the industry of the country To employ the precious
metals in payment of debt and taxes—to attempt It. indeed, ((or
the thing is impassible), would beggar the coloury at once.
I have extended this letter to such a length. I am obliged to con-
dude it very abruptly.
I have the honor to be,
Gentlemen,
Your faithful and obedient Servant,
Fedi Hail, 4an. 16th, 1130. CHAS C. WESTERN.

The living of Ealing, and a stall in St. Paul's and
Worcester Cathedrals, are vacant by the death of the
Rev. HERBERT OA/I:ELEV.
Monday nfternoon, an inquest was held before Mr;
Serssuse, Coroner, at the King's /lead, Fulham, on the putrid re•
mains of the body of an Infant, which had been found In the soil
of the privy at the house of a Mrs. Bamford, who is the Mistress of
a seminary for the education of young Ladles. A girl naitted Ann
ICettle, who was cook iu Mrs. liastfocd's family, was named of 1
being the mother of the child, and confessed that she was, but as-1
sertegl that it wav a sun-born child. and she concealed it In the Ng
to prevent the discovery of her &Imam. The Jury, after bearing
the evidence of Mi. Helms, a aswgeon, who wee of oplaionlitat
the And *as net been allekrenneed averdlet.drn tioritidtlirond•
had concealed the birth of the child, and the Conner lessed
warrant for the apprehension of the female.

917 .• •
THE LA Ts-FATAL DUEL.

Iticherd William Letinkreekt, Lieut. Frederick Ow, and Dudley
Byrne, Esq. the former of whom charged as principal, and the two
latter gentlemen as seconds, in the late fatal duel, were yesterday
placed at the bar of the Union Hall Police UMW, before air.
Cnasthaas and a full bench of Magistrates, for re-examination.
Mr. Haaiva attended for Mr. Byrne.
James Price together with the Surgeon and other witnesses, re•
capitulatediair their evidence as on the former occasion.
d Swayne, proprietor of the Red House Tavern, Batter-
sea, deposed, that he was awoke about six o'clock on the morning
of the Bth, and was Informed that a gentleman bad been wounded
in a duel. He Immediately opened the door, and the witness
Price. Mr. Byrne. and another gentleman, brought the deceased
In, and be was immediately put to bed in a lower room, but after.
wards removed up stairs, as it was quieter. lie did not say who
had shot him, but he said be was sorry he bad been so °lntimate.
He died about seven in the evening.
Price recalled by Mr. Catenates—How far was Mr. Byrne
from you at the time the parties tired ?
Price—He was close to me.
Mr. Cuasusnas—Did you see pistols in the carriage?
Witness—l saw a case taken from the carriage, which I had
afterwards reason to believe contained pistols.
Mr. Harmer—You did not see that they were pistols before they
were taken from the carriage?
Witness—No ; I suspected they were; the case was covered
with brown paper.
Mr Harmer—Bet you would not have known they were pistols
had you not afterwards been told so?
Witness—l should not.

Mr. Harmer—Nor do you know even now whether those were
e Identical pistols used ?
Witness—l do not.

Mr. CUAII3IIIIh—Who took the case Out ?

The witness, in reply to this, was understood to say that Mr.
Bigler took them out, but from the confusion it was impossible to
distinguish his words.
Mr. Harmer remarked that a great deal of evidence was taken at
the Inquest whkh was illegal.
Curtis, an officer, stated that when he had an interview with Mr.
Cox, at the lock-up house, he had told him that he had loaded the
pistols and taken them to the ground.
James Fisher, the police constable. deposed that the prisoner
Lambrecht, when on his way from Marlborough-street to this
Ocoee, had stated that he had been tried by a Court Martial on a
former occasion for an affair of honour, and had been allowed to
sell out.

Blr. Cummins—Were Mr. Clayton's pistols found loaded after
the affair was over?
Witness—l don't know.
Mr. CHAU/IRS-But it should have been seen to. There ap-
pears something contradictory in the statement. Mr. Lambrecht
said, on the former examination, that Mr. Byrne came up to dim,
and said, "Good Goo! has it come to this?"

Mr. Harmer said, that this was on their arrival upon the ground
before the meeting took place.
Mr. Cuamaras inquired of Mr. Lambrecht whether he wished
to add anything more to what he had before stated?
Mr. Lambrecht replied, that Mr. Byrne had made the remark
before alluded to on their arrival at Battersea, and that he was not
on the ground at the time of the duel.
Ueut Cox, in answer to an observation from the Magistrate,
replied, that he bad said, that bad the affair been left in the hands
of Mr. Byrne. it might have ended amicably.
An individual present said the principals and the other parties
(meaning Price, Byrne, and the coachman) were all within ICO
yards.
Mr. Harmer said it did not matter whether they (Price and
others) were within 50 or 500 yards of the principals. They we.e
stationed behind a corner, and could not see the parties when they
fired. He (Mr. H.) was of opinion that Mr. Byrne was not at all
implicated ; he bad never got out of the way after the affair (having
been taken at the hotel wuere he usually resided). He, besides,
having done all he could to reconcile the parties,and not being on the
ground at the very time of the duel being committed. He was hold-
ing a situation under Mr. Clayton, and although be used his ut-
most power to prevent the affair, it was not for him to dictate to

Isis patron.
Mr. CNAMSBILS said a Jury must decide bow far he was impli-
cated in the affair, and the gentlemen were all committed for trial.
Mr. Harmer enquired if boil would not be accepted for Mr.
Byrne ?
Mr. Cuomnitas said, that as the Judges were all in town he must
refer him to them.
lAmbrecht still looks very ill

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
f g
MANSION-HOUSE.

A poor woman, named Hannah *MA appeared at the Justice-
room, with three female children, which .be bad brought forth at
one birth, to beg relief in her distress. She had, she said, been
brought to-bed of the children on the 11th of September last, bet
that, on account of her poverty. she had not been able to afford
herself the necessary aliment to meet such constant sources of ex-
baustion. She bad, she said, four other children at home, so that
all tbat she and her husband could do, would not be adequate to
!N support so large a family, and they ad no parish to apply to for the
slightest relief.
Sir P. Lamm regretted that the time had gone by when the
production of a numerous birth was a matter of recommendation.
Formerly an appeal of this kind excited the utmost sympathy, but
now there were so many bands more than there was employment
for, the public had lost their sensibility is that respect.
The poor woman said she thought that there was some fund at
the command of the Lord Mayor, that he might apply to the case
of a poor woman who had met with the misfortune of a large
family suddenly.
Sir P. Lavin said his Lordship had no such fund. The sp•
plications for relief tar exceeded the means, and it a woman, who
had three children at a birth, were to succeed in her petition for
assistance, there would soon be applications from those who would
be able to produce four.
The mother said she had no way of helping herself. She lodged
in a wretched place iu Grub-street, and the three babes would soon
make a shadow of her.

Sir Perms stated that, In cases of this kind, and under such
exigent circumstances, a woman must look to the sympathies of her
immediate neighbours.
GUILDHALL

- -
Aka Im eiries, a journeyman tailor, was charged with strafing
several cuts of superfine clock, value £lO. Mr. Bousfield attended
as solicitor for the prosecution.
James Martin, shopman to 3lesus. Dawson and Williams, of
aoth.fair, deposed that, on the 234 of October, the prisoner came
for a cut Of cloth for Mes.rs. Brown and Sam,, tailor-. Barbican,
and on the following day be cams fur four more pieces. Being
somewhat suspicions, he ordered the porter to follow the prisoner on
the latter occasion. but as the prisoner went into Brown and Sam's
shop and remained.it was supposed that the transaction was a fair
one. Some days after, however, it was discovered that the prisoner
had been dismissed from Messrs. Brown's service nine months.

Mr. Sams proved that the prisoner was not in the service of the
firm, and that the cloth was neither ordered nor received by them.
Roe the officer apprehended the prisoner, from the description
of his person, yesterday morning, in the purlieus of Wentworth-
street. Whitechapel.
The prisoner denied that he was the person who obtained the
cloth, but the witness Martin had no doubt of his identity. and he
was committed for trial.

BIRTHS.
At Oakley Park. Ludlow, Lady Harriet Clive, of a son.
The Lady of Charles Hale Moans, Esq. of Ings.hits House, De-
vonshire, of a daughter.
In York—place, the lady of 31.j0r Livingston. Ilan. East India
Company's service, of a son.

114AltItIED.
At Mawlre, Daniel Sykes, Esq. of Kirk Ella, In the county of
York, to Catherine PhiHipps, youngest daughter of the late James
PhiHipps. Esq. of Bryngwu, county Hereford.
In &Maw, nomas Vaughan, E.g. Principal Officer of Customs
at Carrickfergus. to Mary, eldest daughtet of 13. Forsythe, Esq. of
Dromisaboo, County Antrim.
At Cove Church. Major Wilson, 65th regiment, to Mary Elisa-
beth, eldest daughter of W. Lewis, Esq. it. N.

DIED.
At Langley Park, lo the county of Forfar, N. B. James Cruik.
shank, Esq. in his sgd year.
At her house in Montagu-square, after an illness of eight dap,
Lady Leigh.
In Finsbury-square, W. M. Willett, Raq. a get tlernan long con-
nected with the periodical pttss of London.
At Clonmel, an old woman named Howe Monahan, better
known by the appellation of " Mammy Honor," at the great age
of 105 years. She retained het faculties to the last.
At the age of 103 years, Francis Bryans, of Moy, in the county
Tyrone, Eaq
On the 7th inst. at Brighton' Capt. Charles Robert Frad, for.
inert, of the 00th Restment of Foot, and son of the late Lieut.-
Gem Pratt, Royal Artillery.

HIGH- WATEIse LONDON-BRIDGE TO MORROW.
Manias fill mimes after
Afterseer Inmate. iflt•

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