Star.
London, England, 1824-10-12 00:00:00

- MONMOUTH RACES...Oer. 7.
•_ _ _

A Plate of £5O, given by the County of Monmouth, for all ages.
Heats twice round the Course.
Mr. Day's b. m. Victorine, aged, 9st. 21b. . . 1 4 1
Mr. Goddard's b. c. Presenthnent, 3 yrs old, 7st. 2 dr
Mr. Devereus's b. f. Olivia, 4 yrs old, Bst. 11b. 3 3 3
Mr. Hill's b. I. Pope Joan, 3 yre old, 6st. 111 b. 4 dr
Mr. Wellas's b. g. Speculator, 5 yrs old, est. 10Ib. 5 2 2
Mr. Pryse's ch. h. Doctor Early, aged, 9st. 51b. 6 1 4
A Sweepstakes of Sgs. each, for half bred horses, to catty 12st.—
Gentlemen tiders. hints twice round and a distance.
Mr. Moggridge's b. g. Kangaroo . . 1 1
Mr. Bailey's cb. g. Foreigner • 2 dr
A Handicap Plate of 100, by the Town of Monmbutb. Heats,
twice round and a distance.
Mr. Pryse's Cardinal Puir, 4 yrs, tat.
Mr. Patrick's ch. f. Myra, 5 yrs, 6at.
Mr. Day's bl. f. Sloe, 4 yrs, sat.

TROT'T'ING MATCHES ON CHELMSFORD COURSE.
Two matches for one hundred sovereigns each, the firstfor Mr.
Godfrey's Bacchanal, to trot against Mr. iVelmot's Virgin, eight
miles; and the next for Mr. W.. Dyson's Lancashire mare, to trot
isixteen miles In one hour, took place yesterday morning; the Cr t
mats!' tocarry each, and the second feather weight, namely
6st.l2lbs. - The mares were the favourites at trifling odds. The
Course is called two miles. - The horses trotted together as followsk:
RACCRAM&L. irIW. MC. VIACII. SAM SIC.
First round - 6 50 First round - 6 So
Second - - 7 10 Second • - 7 7
Third 7 7 40 Third - 7 41
*Oa - - 8 30.. Fourth - - 8 50
• k•• • .30 10' 31 20
It wN a beautiful race until the horses had gone the third round
aititi Illitnesenth mile the mart became fretful aid broke into a
01* 81111 WO* wild get up to the bone again.
•.. • ,
AIIR~OOIxm.' the late Consul at Algiers* has
amtl! pessingn la the Notion picket, front Gibraltar.
It is confidetitlY asserted in the City, that the Cabi-
nets of St. James's and of St. reteraburgh have resolved to put an
end to 'Christlen'oppresslon in bite Levant, and that force will be
Used if the GRIND &names does not willingly give up his claim to
degrade and trample on this part of the Christian community of
EuriPeihrosied AilleP•
The Ex-Queen of Hayti arrived at Liege on her way
from Brussels on the 4th ult. and alighted at the Black
`Eagle Hotel. Sht was accompanied by her two daugh•
ter., a Lady companion, and some servants. The pass-
port which was given her by the Neapolitan Ambassador
Extraordinary to London, detignites her under the name
of Madame Louisa OHRISTOPHI, tenant in St. Domingo.
Mr. B. Ltr-rxtrrow, the Gentleman who fought a duel
on Saturday with a Mr. Rooters, near •Ptimrose-hill,
and who was wounded in. the tide, lies at his residence
in Portland-street, in a very precarious state. The ball
grazed the side, and the tepeirt was that the -wound,
which perforated the flesh nearlyhalf an inch, wis not
dangerous ; but on Sunday morning symptoms • were
very unfavourable, attended with much fever. '
DISTURBING A CONGROATION.---SUMIIIV dorgenkr
forenoon Divine Service, in Mary-la-bonne' ew Cheikk,
a venerable old woman burst into thilitlef evidently
labouring under derangement or intoxication, and com-
menced the most -violently incoherent and frantic lc.
[ions: abusing everybody around, and threatening the
Reverend Gentleman who'was about to commence the
service. She was 'With difficoky removed, and taken
ts3*-tbe watch-house, where she was recognised to be
Hannah Corbett, an aged maniac, wha has for a very
considerable length of.ttme past *been wandering item
.parish to parish. ShOrai 'yesterday brought before Mr.
ItasiLlosoo, at 'the • Mary-la-bonne Office, who corn-
;Muted her in Onllteihar-she-should be:taken care of In
• . •.
some asylum.' • " -1'
Friday last a most ititerestii
at the ltev. Rbwt..sin if,'
road, namely, the eeremni
natives of the immense.
`h Ocean, who were.,
'ears !go. lkY'the tui
instroteirand
Artstian reflgi#V.
preparatoryto kit
awe" about to ;Mort
thee-Cita-6d cl&rs
led, With".
/ at.whieht was
Of lb -bits. set

asioA.
• .. •

, . .
of letters from Trieste, which ititidiat the Stii4Accititl tikOce
.
'sent positive orders-to the. Pciviers'a.Earhity t6"fodidt .six• year*
immediately a certain ntintritiof diltss offitt,.i.iiijoirtilse of being
Catoctin taclia.• They alsii sty that Lord tTha Aditi4iti. the Citric
had .obtained front-his Iliglineislu'ltirtisinplitiiiieff Al.. held pr,
e joinhig those Stites to refrain frOfrom'all iidie r 'lliki6. diet ire
wards European vessels. 'This- Fifnitit'i it 1' sked..tn. ditock d
have reached Algiers -1 fedi dirtalta" Ai b i •hit 4,de: isatoi-fille,
Glared war against ppaipi Nagies SardlYdiClagf 4.6". 11610Xii*/
Netherrinds. • k wai'ibieiglitt lieviiiiegitie bili4?Old Cedi#,l; k
obey.the'voatellate4nertjtbZittiltiorq.i64iiilisitteij. 41soca
1 • ~ : :,.... ....E ...:,:inleo ~,TAT:. i 8: = U µt,. ."11-1 4. •4 4'. C

. 1L..?
westing ceremony was perforateft
o HILL'S Chapel, in Biaclifitais:
non of baptising three you.ti.
isiaed of Madagascar, in the eft
iertreeer m this country abeig .
p
titt'ofthat i land, for the Or' ' iti
d •eaucated:in the principle's ,
. The ereM.psiy, of 'baptistit', i 1
irrleavink gngl'ancr, frons4ib .. -
it fir 11ladnascatt
.' ki3Otitt. 4
rs were: opened, and trieltiV.•
if "'reap co **vital' .'n* „ '
icini ` lif.'ele ili*.. ..'
:iota t33.* Vito a • WV . '74.* ‘.
.E., er4 - ; i; ~
/11, ci fit .i. .3ni. v3t. )6a. E. 31

A Descriptive Hietorxof the Steeet-trAROZZAT
STUART, Eel. awl Engine!r.., 9/5r Ea!,
ravings of Fogy-mew et, Seg.- pp..
There are but feel people so ignorant. of the prOdi-
.gio isle extensive and improved cue of the manufac-
- tares of this country, as not to have made some inquiry
as to the means by which this has been effected, and
they must be ill informed indeed who have not heard,
at least, that we could never have attained one present
envied condition, in wbot se:p.m:the fabrication and
finishing of goodi'tY machinery, but for the introdue-
ssion of this most poen:lfni, and, at the same time, most
manageable and theapest of all movin powers. Bet
however generally these facts may be known, the his-
tory of the origin of the invention and of the progres-
sive steps by.which it has ,been brought to its radeiet
high state of perfection is known but to few.
we know not where this informetion, accompanied with
illustrative engravings • which render the details quite
intelligible could have been found, gathered into a fo-
cus, before the volume now before us made its appear-
alias It is a curious fact, that we owe all the improve-,
merits made on this mighty agent, or m least the most
'valuable of ;Sem, to practical methadics, and not to
theorists in science, as will be see* by the following ea
tract from the prefaces
" Twenty years ago, Hornblower remarked, 4 that
the midst- vulgar stoker may taro up his nose at the
acutest mathematician in the world, forks the action
and construction of steam-engines) there are cases in
which the higher powers of the human mind must bend
to mere • mechanical instinct:* and the observation ap-
plies with greater force now than it did then.
• 66 We know not, therefore, how the remark has ori-
ginated, or what' philcoopber' first claimed for theoretic
:men any part of the honour of being instrumental, even
Indirectly, in the perfecting of the steam engine ; or
"who gave currency to the phrase ofits • invention being
one of the noblest gifts that science ever made to man-
kind I The fact is, that science, or scientific men,
`never had anything to do in the matter. 'lt was a toy
in the hands of all the philosophers who preceded
-Bavery, and i: again must become a toy before the spe-
cetations of Bosun, the ablest and latest of the philo-
sophers who have written on the subject, can be made
to bear upon it. Indeed, there is no machine or me-
chanism in which the little that theorists bairedens inflame
useless. The honour of bringing it to its present state
of perfection, therefore, belongs to a different. and
more useful class. It arose, was improved, and'pet-
fected. by working mechanics—and by them only; for
traditionbas preserved to us the fact of Silvery having
begun life as a working miner; Newcomer was s black-
smith, and his partner Cawley a glazier: Don Ricardo
Trevithick was also an operative mechanic ; and so was
the illustrious WAtt, when he began and after he bad
made his grand improvements."
For many years the Marquis of Worcester had the
credit of being the first to suggest the idea of a steam-
engine, in his Century of Inventions; the suggestion of
the Marquis, who' was no doubt a man of considerable
ingenuity, has, however, been of some service, although
the merit of originality does not rest. with him, since the
application of steam to generate motion appears to-have
been made by a Greek mechanics *beet one buddred and
thirty years before Christ, or neatly two thousand years
ago. To Hero the Elder, who nourished at Philadel-
phia, in the reignef.Pteleiny Philadelphus, is ascribed
the glory " of having invented and contracted the first
steam-engine." Among the coaniverices of this skilful
mechanic, described in his .9pfieitailial or Pneumatics,
there is an account of A two mines of his initiation; in
one of which a rotatory eaWou is, produced by the
emission of heated air ; and a similar movement is in-
to the other by the re-action of water arising from
tioriladg water."
No other notice of steam. as a first mover, oceors is
the works of ancient AltbOtS, nor in modern embers,
until about the year 1a63, when' one Matto:sins, in a
volume of sermons, entitled Serepta. Mate at the possi-
bility of constructing an apparatus similar in its opera-
tion and properties to those of the modern steam-engine :
" About thirty years after this period, what is called
a g Whirling Oelipile,' is described in a book printed at
lariptig,wherein it is stated tobeesceedingly well adapted
to the purpose of turning the spit for the cook. And
among other economical reasem urged for its adoption,
k that • it eats nothing, and gfores•withal on awn:ince
t• these partaking of the feast, whose suspicioei natures
nem -greasy appetites, that the hounds has aotbeeis
pitied by the turnspit (in the absence of the hoosewifes
efrettifoormitxhie pleasure of licking hiseeclean fingers.'"
de Cans, an eminent Fronekengineer and
*atbematician, in 141114, describes an engine acting by
the ,esasticity of steam :
184'he first perms in modem times who applied the
espiesete power of sown en aay scale to a useful prac-
deal purpose, was Gioteeni Branca, an eminent Italian
mathesnaticiaa, who resided at Rome in the beginning
of the seventeenth century. Ili: contrivance was an
celiciiie, from which steam issued, upon a wheel formed
mith float-boards or fans, like a water-wheel "or
wind-mill, and thus produced a rotatory movement..
This wheel, by some intermediate mechanism, gave MO-
tioll to the stamper: of a mill for pounding drugs."
"It is on account of this contrivance that Branca is
.coasidered by his countrymen to be the inventor of the
steam-engine; and even in a recent English work on
the subject, be is allowed the merit of Ora idea. To
this be certainly has no claim; neither-can his engine
be compared with Hero's for its ingenuity, nor to De
Cuss's or its efficiency. Besides, long before this pc-
Tied, the sate mechanism was described by Carden as
mood by the vapour front fire,' And the mere sub-
stitation of steam by the Italian philosopher is tat so
original or important, as to give to the transition the
rani of an invention. Branca was, however, a man of
much ingpiaity, and many of his machines are highly
creditabk to his abilities as a scientific mechanic.
elasticity of the vapour of water, which had long
bean known to pisaosopbeyt, but to, them only, had now
become familiar to water-wort Artists; and in their
bauds'it was applied in a variety of ways to their far
vaunt. problem of raisin water above its level in jets',
and fositaists. WNW* ;mein for the great &seta
said tp be produced 'by these machines, we 'tin do.
scan two, as eecesetiry to give a. clear notion of the
'aloe of these cow Aodit'silecimakt Ai iNtw:
lions absurdides..- Owl nun at akeliesst
were totooluseuded sow by expisioneetleigiosen about,
this period." •
It is net oar buantiou to trace the progress Of the.

isea
ns,
g I:23tua;eo beliikailigsillikries tb.:O.
and numerous wood svhicS inertia
ject. The Marquis of aro/MO claim as inventor
the steam-engine, is, as will be seen, satisfostosil)
enough refused, and his claims to national patronage
treated somewhat unceremoniously. the Martuis's
work WlE...printed in 1665. ends twenty years after"
wardszwe find Sir Samuel Morland • applying tube
Wench Government to patronise a• scheme whicithe
claims as his own, for raising water by the force.of
warp. Or Samuel was the first accurate ter
in the elastic force of steam; and it is highlye =r,
to his mechanical accuracy, that his estinsatnof the
gate of expansion of water, when converted into steam,
thbuld coincide with that given by an gickstrieneest -
**lacer in the most reenat book 'on the subject.. •
Mr. Smut vindicates Captain Saver, from the charge
mole by Deutguliers, having muistriacted his engine
froaliiie hints of the Marquis of Worcester; be also
gifies several engravings of Savery'seagine, complete
.and in sections, and clearly points out.the great inge-
Welty of the inventor. Numerous improvements were
Slade on the steam-engine, but it was reserved to Mr.
Watt to render it capable of extensive applicatioa, sad
the history of this machine, for the last half century; is
the,hisusry of his life t as tini•mostinsportaat period in
the history of the steam-engine..bfr. Stuart dwells on it
at length, from the first improvement suggested by Mr.
Watt's having to repair the model of one of Nesse°.
men's engines in the Glasgow htmeem, to the time
'lit:ought it to such perfection. The rotatory engines, 01
which several have been xoosnucted, are next minutely
and scientifically d6cribed, and engravings girea. of
them; the great improvements by.Woolfe and others,
who have devoted their attention to the subject with
success, are also noticed; and the work gives some in•
teresting details of the'first introduction of the steam •
engine into foreign countries, and of the periods when
it has been applied to particular purposes. •
This work, which has well con&nied, but at the same
time, with much rrspicuity, many details that occupy
much space in their original form, is written in a much
better style than works on mechanics ,can generally'
boast, and may be read with•much adirsintage both byl
the amateur and the practical mechanic. The illustrative
engravings are well executed, and the price tithe work
is very moderate.. •

sine k can only be well done_ by ea

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ENGLISH COMFORTS 4z ENGLISH HOUSES,

' IN THE TIME OF HENRY THE EIGHTH.

Erasmus, the celebrated Dutch scholar, who visited,
England several times between the years 1497 and
1620, and who, haring been a Professor at Cambridge
for four years, sad the best opportunities of knowing
and seeing what he describes, gives the &Bowing spe-
cimen ofEnglish in-door comforts some SOD years ago,
in a Latin. letter addressed to Francis, the Physician of
Cardinal Wolsey ; and of the accuracy of the descrip-
don there cannot be a doubt :
"The chamber !loon (in England) ate Mostly com-
posed of clay only, towered with rushes, which are re-
plenished from time to time by a fresh layer, so that
the bottom stratum shall remain undisturbed some-
times far twenty years together; thus harbouring and
engendering everything nasty and offensive; such as
spittle, vcimitings, human and canine secretions, beer-
pot dregs, fragments of fish, and other impurities not
fit to be named. From sr .11 case *wait is tainted,
and au odour exhaled, which, isr mi n.m. tilt
ppjudicia to the human body. Eris ~iYewiee
notionly surrounded by the sea, bet is in sway plains
intersected-by it, not to mention nnetber &biz ythich
is the general use of salted Meats, to vrlich the
common people are so wooderfully addicted. I cer-
tainly think the Island would be much more salubrious
were the use of rushes abandoned, and if the people
could be prevailed upon to live more sparingly, and
indulge less in salted meats. Proper officers should see
that the highways be .kept free from filth, Stc.
espe-
daily close to the tity." He concludes, by saying—"
know you will smile at my saying so much upost e
question about which I feel so very solicitous. a truth,
I entertain a fond partiality for a cousin* whose kind-
ness and hospitality I have experienced se king: and
in which, were it in my power, I would willingly end
my days."
A few year's after this fetter was wriueo, a great
cbaage took place in Eogfish comforts. Bet the above
desenptioa may remind the Reader of the sane of the
interior of the snow bowies of the Esquitnaux tribes in
the Arctic regions, as given by our late enterprisiog sea
and land travellers in those remote parts of die earth;
Indeed, we very mush fear, that, itp awe respeds, the
comforts of the imam` cottages, or what are celled
cabins, in eertain parts of this United Leedom, are
not greatly. superior to those Of the former Eoglisb,
presentiliquitnaux. A late medical writer of known
veracity, and moreover a native of the country; in de
scribing the -causes of the fatal fevers which have of
late years been se prevalent in Ireland, ieefenserstee
many issAances of eetterne inattention to cleanliness-
amongst the poor, both in their persons, and in their
abodes. Ile has seen dunghills collected under the very
beds—every article of furniture disfigured with filth--r
and-the most offensive odours everywhere abound. The,
church-yards, slaughter-houses, filth, and offal isr sloe
streets, in some parts of Dublin even, give rise to pestilon--
tial exhalations, particularly in hot weather, manes of
filth which have been aceumulatin for months ury -

In .firmer times, ghat is when Popery reigned in
England, midwives were licensed by the Bishops. The
reason assigned for this 'is, that they. might be vamp.-
tent to baptize the child, in intasitts,la case of danger
from a tardy. parturition, or otherwise; in such indispens-
able efficacy was early baptism reckoned in those days.
It is not. perhaps, generally known- that the Arch-
bishop of Canterbury -has, by virtue of his -office, the
privilege of conferring upon ow candidate, the hono-
rary degree of a Doctor ofidedicine ; which rensmkable
privilege is-exercised at the present day. .
Sunday Morning; the ballast-heaving vessel, which
has lately been. working on the Surrey side of the river,
a little below Westnurister-bridge, is Icoasequence of
springing i leak, filled with water and !boost instantly
went down. There were on board at the time Jacob
AUwood, (one of the men,) and a woman.
lidszascnomr Aocuomrt--On thilnight of the SOth
ult. the Packet, in passing front Portpatock to Donagha-
dee, was nearly lost in a storm, which was so great, that
Ifsur men were swept overboard, and were never again
.seen. The night was intensely dark. and she Wind so
high. that the vessel was driven considerably out of her.
77
course. • Cl'esterdiymcbrtialr Biscifrisssebriall° -1645 aselgasd
pi!susat to notice :so that micarts, nor • um
,rsm, will be allowel to pass, for at least:a ortaight.

-- -

I•• • •

.

A oval • .
•
. • .
pia Plogiaajpille ihamms.--. A Ai*
a a straltweakisin and Laden& was brought to thin
rooming, Alki is was said, what Manioc
,--akehe to die prosentet lrp kiss He wag
rgWheinir,by Hessen (one et the itellswellawe
ess there) esebtoil by two of the Windier eomoilas ;kit
al it skim/ (lir fleanositritiered' bis estandemakp
es bearkit pen" we kik nethkg the pardsolen, ono*
wait emend ar do pubis eaorreesedes Is and sliest the
ghost thiia eseroritigpand thin the priesper,sareg
k his others bet with, and
se Ides drains hales; and -then es
Lm, 'wing the was ailsing EM.. broke. at.
. ha Adolpoll• beams yenta et the massibis diere,
seal to 4ilik lath hie Inejesty. He was teed rat Ms de-
ism" was amok* barter, sad meld not be nowiled with;
whiners, be Meow entrentely abed,., and having viskatly .
asked we of the attendants, who opposvl his fezther pawns to
the hinder' of the boiling, he. was mimed sad hooded over
to the polka, who eresred him for the eight he die gelies at Wind.
ser, aid brae& bins to lowa yesterday .au, in the meow
shindy shied, wail a letter from Sir W. flei‘ows to the
We "dents-old that be drawl saying wayiks babes Maw
gittreset and dam evemnilly he lens emormit se Ideas fee want
et rinkeies. iftent he appear* to be as Mame, and by
as awes the stem geode one in edssence ; for whoa he was ant
hemp* la, simians= asked him why hr was " trussed up" Is
tbilnionert.hr the strait.walicost ? Ate* replied, " If I had my
hash free, rd bet you knew, by 0,14 you a dig in the leg !"

t% • io. 07,fla— i
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