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London, England, 1831-03-16 00:00:00

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ESTRACT Ap LORD HOWICR'S BILL TO FACILITATE
EMIGRATION.
Hfs Majesty Is-bnipowered to appoint three or more Commissioners
for the purposes of the act, who ars to be attended by a secretary.
The Commissioners are to receive for their guidance instructions from
tine of the principal Secretaries of State, to whom they are to report
their proceedings twice a year. and their reports are to be laid before
Parliament.
Any person assessed to the poor-rates may deliver a requisition to any
c.verseer of his parish for convening a vestry meeting to deliberate on
the propriety of applying to the commissioners to contract for the vo.
luntary emigration of persons chargeable, or likely to become charge.
able to the rates of siirh parish. And the overseer shall convene such
meeting in the mocc 1 r,scribed by the act. At the meeting, the
question piuposed ie the nil,' ••• • ,`•-11 rum in the affirmative, if
two-thirds of the pasons present s ..!: ...it favour; or if any
person or persons shall vote in favour .ii,rtiii may he assessed
either singly or together, on account of the poor rates, in a sum ex-
ceeding one moiety of the whole of such assessment. A minute of
i•ie proceedings of the vestry shall be sent to a justice of the peace
for the district where the parish is situate. and such justice shall
countersign the proceedings, and transmit them to the commissioners.
The Commissioners may then contract with the overseer of the parish
for the removal to his Majesty's possessions abroad of any persons in
such parish willing to emigrate. The contract shall be signed by the
Secretary to the Commission. some of the overseers, and such of the
persons willing to be removed as are of the age of twelve, or upwards;
which last are to sign in the presence of a Justice of the Peace, who is
to satisfy himself that the contract is understood and voluntarily signed.
The Commissioners have power to contract with private individuals for
the removal of persons desirous to emigrate without parochial aid. The
Commissioners of the Treasury may take necessary measures for executing
,itch contracts; and in the first instance, the expenses may be defrayed
out of the monies to be advanced by Parliament.
His Majesty in Council may make all necessary, subordinate regula.
toms. which must be laid before Parliament, and which are to be ob.
served under a penalty of Hil. or one month's imprisonment.
Rates are to he levied in parishes for the repayment. to the Commis-
sioners of the Treasury, the advances made by them, the annual levy of
which rates shall not be less than a tenth of the sum advanced. All
emigrants so removed are to lose settlements and claims to parochial re.
lief ; and if any person refuses to perform the contract by not embark.
ing in any ship provided for the purpose, he shall lose his settlement.
Two Justices may determine, subject to appeal to Quarter Sessions,
a hether the cause of refusal was reasonable or not; and whether the
person has lost his settlement or become incapable of acquiring one.
The powers of the Commissioners are to continue for bye years.

FR ICTI 0 N .—The following exhibits the results recently
obtained by J. Rennie, Esq. F.R.S. F.G.S. without ungu-
pots, the insistent weight being 361bs. and within the limits
of abrasion of the softest substances :

Part of the -
whole weight.
. 69,81
. 33,
• 7.73
• 7,38
• 7,11
• 7,2
. 8,85
. 6,62
. 8,26
• 6,12
. 6,
• 5,17
• 5,7
. 5,59
. 5,53
. 5,28

Steel on ice
Ice on ice . .
Hard wood on hard wood
Brass on wrought iron
Bras. on cut iron .
Brass on steel
Soft steel on soft steel .
Cast iron on steel . .
Wrought iron on wrought iron
Cut iron on cast iron . .
Hard brass on cut iron
Cast iron on wrought iron .
Brass on brass . .
Tin on cast iron . .
Tin on wrought iron . .
Soft steel on wrought iron .
Leather on iron
Tin on tin . . . . . 3,78
Granite on granite .
' • • . 3,3
Yellow deal on yellow deal . . . . 2,88
Sand stone on sand stone . . , 2,75
Woollen cloth on woollen cloth . . . 2,3
ADHESION or SCREWS.—Mr. Bevan employed screws
two inches in length 0.22 diameter, at the exterior of the
threads, 0.15 diameter at the bottom, the depth of the
thread being 0.035, and the threads 12 in an inch. They
were passed through pieces of wood half an inch thick, and
were drawn out by the following weights :
Dry Beech - - - - 4601b5.
Ditto - . . - - 790
Dry sound Ash . . • . - 790
Dry Oak • - . . - 760
Dry Mahogany - - - - - 770
Dry Elm - - . - - 655
Dry Sycamore - - - - - 830
BROMINE IN SEA-WATER.—We lately noticed the
award of one of the Royal Society? Royal Medals to M.
Balard for the discovery of this new simple substance.
That gentleman found that 100Ibs. of the sea-water at Trieste
yielded 31 grains of Bromine.

We learn from Paris that a single copy of the STA tt was
for 24 hours the only London paper which contained the
heads of the Reform bill, a subject which as deeply agitates
the French as ourselves. Even the Quarterly Review's
silly manifesto against Reform has been republished by
some partizans there, and by them it is ascribed to Lord
Dudley.
It merits notice that the sentence ascribed to LA FITTE,
by a Paris Correspondent of a Morning Paper, has never
been quoted by a Paris Journal; and it would be unworthy
of further notice, ;f it had not given rise to such notable'
paraphrases by some of our Evening Contemporaries, to
whose " Ambassador's Cabinets," and " Official Despatches,"
we on this occasion had fortunately no access. One of them
has, it seems, a Wellingtonian correspondent at Frankfort,
for it could not get rid at once of all its correspondents when
it changed its own Protean character for the seventh time.
It is high time that the public discriminated between old and
steady friends, and wolves in sheep's clothing.
In all the discussions about the state of trade, and the
want of capital to foster enterprizes—it is surprising that
none of our senators have the sense to perceive that trade
must be starved while there are Exchequer Bills to absorb
spare capital. Such accommodation may be necessary, and
even harmless in time of war, when the government expen-
diture keeps up circulation ; but Exchequer Bills in time of
peace are a nuisance of the most ruinous character. Why
not at once fund the whole, and force capital into channels
of industry and commercial credit ? This alone would do
more for trade and agriculture than all the schemes that
could be devised.

It is said that the very ingenious hair-splitter has given
tip his Callington friends, and yields to the call of his coun-
try in favour of the Reform Bill.
The friends of reform must be true, as needle to the pole,
in supporting all and every provision in it. The 101.
franchise, the resident voters, the 60 boroughs, the 47
halved ones, and the copyholders and leaseholders, render
it symmetrical. Destroy or modify any one of them, and
the Bill will be worthless. If the people are firm, success
; certain. We calculate on a division of 5 to 2 in the
'mullions, and of 3to '2 in the Lords. The King--GOD
Ides.; him—is with his people !
It appears by their published accounts that the Brighton
Commissioners last year borrowed no less that £56,000.
We have no doubt they will expend it well, but out of this
fact grows a question—what are the amounts of all sums
thus borrowed through the kiugdom by commissioners,
corporations, trusts, companies, &c. If any member
would move for a return we suspect it would amount to a
sum little short of the national debt itself; and for all this
interest is to Le paid iu some form or shape! We seem,
therefore, to be doubly bankrupt—mortgaged over head and
ears—and to have every resource anticipated till—the day of
judgment! It is no unconnuou thing to find a little town
120,000 or £30,000 in debt, with an income of £1,200 or
11,500 per annum, and still borrowing to pay the interest !
If the Livery succeed in getting Mr. Ward to resign,
and Sir Thomas Doman is elected in his stead, a vacancy
for Nottingham will enable its late candidate, Mr. Bailey, to
start with a ceridinty of success. This, io every respect,
vould be a legislative acquisition.
The inquest at Bethnal-green on the murdered Mrs. Mar-
kham, has been again adjourned. Circumstances multiply
against her son Dexter, but for the honour of human na-
ture, we Lope they will not confirm one another.