Star.
London, England, 1824-09-13 00:00:00

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STATE

We have received a ille of
El Sot, from the beginning of Jobe
'and though they contain nothing *W.
styled events beyead what has not alr iy ,
our columns, they still lateen considerable interest Ob
those who desill tolseiome more ibtintately tequitntedi
with the' state of.Mejico than a detiched proclamation, 1
or the narrative of an isolated fact can make them..
From a series of jooroals, embracing articles on almost
every topic of * public nantre,debates in Congress—
dispatches from civil and military Officers in the pro-
vinces—occurrences, civil, enilitary,•and political, in th
eapital.anecdcites of character-.letters from cone-
Tondents—and other things toe tedious to be enume-
rated, we learn a rear deal 'more than we could -do
from a single piece of news, however decisive or cha-
racteristic. Such a source of information has something
like the variety of general life; and while it supplies to
a considerable extent the want of an actual inspection
a country, enables ns to correct mistakes by comparing
reports with results, and lays the foundation of more
sure and accurate knowledge than could be obtained
from a selection of official documents or interesting oc-
currences, We may therefore be excused for laying
before our Readers, a few observations suggested by a
perusal of these papers; engaging, that whatever pic-
ture they present of the state of the new Republic, they
irefaitbfally and impartially drawn from the materials
supplied by its own miters.
POLITICAL STAT&
It is well known that the vast country, which was
two years ago the empire, and which is now the Federal
Republica: Mexico, is composed of the provinces, which,
under the Spanish colonial system, composed the Vice-
royally of New Spain. These provinces, formeily called.
Intendencies, are now, the most part, erected into
independent States. of these States hs its Con-
gress of Deputies—its Governor or Political Chief—its
local taaes—its military force,. and its military Com-
mander; and they are all connected by a federal Union
with a general or national Congress and general Execu-
tive. These separate States, ahe those of North Ame-
rice, are of very unequal inmiortance, power, and re-
sources, some of them rivalling in extent, if not in po-
pulation, considerable kingdoms of the Old World. The
provinces of Guadalasara and Guanazata, from the
greatness of their population and the richness df their
:nines, consider themselves on a level with that in which
the capital is situated. It is almost needless to mention,
that before the commencement of the. Peninsular • war,
all the doaen of provinces or intendencies into which
this great country, inhabited by seven millions of people,
was divided, were subject to the same colonial bondage ;
and that from 1810 to 181!0, they were all harassed by
the same factious divisions and intestine quarrels. In
the summer of the latter year, the country was finally
declared independent of Spain, and united under Itur-
bide. who was styled Emperor. The power which this
man acquired, and for some time exercised, be could
not maintain sigainct public distrust, and the conflicting-
claims of rival Chief:. But before he left the Mexican

territory, in the beginning of 1623, he had made himself
friends among a considerable number of Officers of the
army, and created a considerable prejudice in his favour
in one or two of the provinces.
The General Congress and National Exegative, who
succeeded to the separate pottions of his divided sway,
soon felt the influence of this recollection, airghtvaing
-Ore natural.causes of disunion, which had their origin
in the rival pretensions or separate iuferests of the dif-
ferent States. The sic!) and populist's Province or State
of GuadaWare, where a local insurrection has lately
been subdued by the arms of the general Government,
has, ever since the abdication of hut bide, been the scene
of plots and machinations of his-friends. Prom; report
on the-state of the country, read to 'Congress on the
Bth of June, by the Minister of War, it appears pat for
more than a year thrGovernor of that State, Quintanar,
and the Military Commander, Bustamente, had been
fomenting jealousies against the supreme Government,
favouring schemes of independence, promoting the
views and countenancing the friends of theca-Emperor.
The Governor especially had left little doubt on his in-
tentions respecting Iturbide, and none at all respecting
his hostility to the federal union. He had promoted to
command, Garcia, a relative and partisan of the ex.
Emperor, against the wishes, and even after the inter•
ference of the general Government; and he had placed
in the ranks of the provincial army a German Baron,
of the name of Rosemberg, who had supported Itur-
biae to the last, and was commanded to leave the
Mexican dominions after his patron's abdication. Cries
of n bong live the Emperor r had been heard in the
capital of that province. and ,were rather encouraged,
than suppressed or punished by the local Government.
This conduct betrayed evident symptonis of approach-
ing rebellion, and the Federal Executive could neither
be ignorant of the danger, nor delay the necessary mea-
sures to avert it. Accordingly, about the time that
Itutbide was leaving the shores of England,, an expedi-
tion was prepared in Mexico, destined to crush his
hopes ofsuccess in the province where this friends most
abounded. The Governor. and Military Commander of
the state of Guadalaxara (or, according to the new no-
menclature, Jalisco) endeavoured to rally their provin-
cial forces against General Bravo, at the head of a
federal army, but were deserted by their partisans, and
are now prisoners of war, while the less prudent and
more, adventurous friends of the ez-Emperor, Garcia,
Rosemberg, and a few more—the forlorn hope of the
insurrection—have fallen in the field of battle, or been
shot as traitors. The result is, that ).he whole of this
extensive province, possessing an important sea-port,
and a large track of western coast, has been conquered
and tranquillized in less than three weeks. •
44 In one or two of the other provinces there appears
to be a, great deal of civil confusion, an abundance of
violence, disorder, and robbery, but no civil war—no
organized force of rebellion—no settled plan of insur-
rettion against the Government, inspired by any gene-
ral feelinrof opposition to a federal union, or any ge-
neral desireof a change. The disembarkation of hut-
bide, therefere, on whatever part of the Mexican domi-
nions he sets his foot, could create very little alarm.
The fire of open hostility is extinguished : the friends
who would have nursed his infant usurpation, or pro-
tected the talf-elevated standard of his incipient rebel-
lion, &recited, either by the sword or on the scaffold.
Meanwhile, the Executive seems to be proceeding with
great energy. temper, and moderation. in the settlement
of the nation. Genital Bravo, one of its member:dud
taken the command of thearmy destined to combat the,
enemies of the Unkm in Guadalaxara; and General
Victoria, another of them, had arrived OD the 16th of
June at the capital, where be was received -with testi-
monies of general satisfaction, both from the Lees's?

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story a warted
them. Several of the reports transmittdd to the Execu-
tive by the Governors of the different provinces are
published in the file of papers before us, and manifest
the best spirit in the writers, while they give the molt
sistisfactoryaccount of their charge. ,
a The Constituent Congress sitting in Mexico pursue,
it labours with great perseverance, and discusses •
various subjects brought before it with great temperailms.
The journal before us furnishes every day a portion of
its proceedings, and gives the names of the members
who vote for or against on important questions. It
'cannot be' supposed that the inhabitants of this vast
Republic, spread as they are over so immense a space,
and composed as they are of so many different races
and casts—often with hostile feelings and jarring in-
'terests—without the possession of that political know-
ledge which gives to politikal vigilance all its value,
and leads to the formation 'of public opinion as a check'
upon power—without experience in public business, or
the habit of exercising political rights—and without
those intimate social relations dr rapid means of com-
munication which enable a great community to act in
concert—it cannot be supposed, we say, that such a
people are prepared for appreciating or maintaining
free institutions like their republican brethren of the
North. Indeed, the rapid changes from a colony to
an empire, and from an empire tot federal republic,
which we have witnessed within the last four years,
are sufficient indications that the great body of the
people have either been passive instruments of au-
thority, or have acted on no fixed principles of policy.,
That the constitution of a federal republic, composed
of a numerous body of subordinate but independent
States, each jealous of the other, and all of encroach-
ment from thp general Government, seems a machine
cod delicate and complicated for the people of Mexico,
may be allowed, but as yet we see no symptoms of its
decay or dissolution. The only serious danger to which
it was immediately exposed has been dissipated. The
Government and Congress of each State seems to be con-
ducting themselves with great prudence and moderation;
and above all, the General or Federal Congress displays
great temper, justice, and good sense. In discussions
on the financial situation of the country„ a propositico
was favourably entertained to ply the debt contracted,
on account of Mexico when it was a Spaniih colony.
Would the legitimate Ferdinand have conceived such
magnanimity ?, But whatever may be thought of the
stability of the present system of swaylor Mexico, there
can be no apprehension that it will ever again be brought.
under the Spanish colonial yoke. We see in the papers
before us indications of considerable differences of opi-
nion respecting the tind olgovernment best adapted to
that country; but no than dares propose that of Fer-
dinand VII. Indeed, the epithet Borknista, or friend
of the Bourbons, is so odious, that when one party or
One individual gets angry with an opponent, they use
it as their unerring means of provocation and ipsult.
—The following account of the state of the Castle of
St. John de Ulloa thews the amount of force which still
holds out for Ferdinand in the immense territory of
Mexico At the end of May some prisoners escape
from that fortress, and related that the garrison there
consisted df 300 infantry, and 200 artillerymen, and-
sixty miners. They had had 185 men sick in hospit4
arid the mortality was spreading, but was stopped by
,the arrival of a vessel with fresh provisions.'"
POLICE, ROBBERS,
These papers afford a very unfavourable view of the
internal order or the Republic. From the long conti-
nuance of civil dissensions, and the,predatory habits ac- ,
quired by the different bodies of insurgents, robberies
are common on the highways, and travelling very in-
secure at the least distance from the capital. The hisb
road between Santa Clue and Mexico is particularly tn-,
Jested. It will beirecollected, that the American Coo-
led wat pillaged of his baggage in this route; and wel
observe, in the paper-of July 2, that Gomez, the relit.
treated free-hooter, bas committed another robbery an
one of our countrymen. It would appear that Mr.
O'Gorman, the brother of the English Consul, was earl
ployed to convoy a quantity of quicksilver from the
coast to the interior, and that he was released frdm bit
commission earlier than he expected, by this Vincent&
Gomez. The same Gentleman, O'Gorman, is stated by
the Journal to have been employed in negotiating the,
last Mexican Loan for the contractors in London ; and
the Journalist adds, with great naivete, " Is it not a dis-
grace. that an assassin like Vincente should compromise
the credit of a whole nation r Ev-en the best Mexican
Patriots, like the best Irish ones, are compelled to admit
the general existence of these disorders. A writer in
the So!, ascribes the difference of public credit between
Colombia and Mexico, to the insecurity of property in
the latter Republic.

MISCELLANEOUS.
It has 'been objected to the revelutionists of• Europe,,
that when they throw off their respect for the throne,
they lose likewise their reverence for the altar. Such a
reproach cannot be addressed to the Republicans of
Mexico. They are still as superstitious and bigotted
Catholics as the most (legitimate potentate would wish
to make them. We find, for instance, in the paper of
July 4, that there had been solemn rejoicings for three
days for the elevation of the present Pope to the cbnir of
St. Peter. All the authorities and corporations went in
procession the first day 19 the Cathedral,-which was
brilliantly illuminated. Salvoes of artillery announced
the great event, and in the evening there were general
j illuminations. " Thus," adds the ournalist," Mesico
manifested her religious feelings, and respect for the head
of the Church." No such rejoicings took place on the,
same occasion in the most Catholic capitals in Europe.
Unfortunately, in Europe religion is ton often placed,
like the flaming swords on the walls of Paradise, to
warn off the people from the treerof knowledge. Not
so in Mexico, where the Congress is providing tbat ge-
neral education shall go hand in hand with religious in-
struction. There are printing-presses established, and
a journal or-two published, in most of the provinces of
the Uslion. No better evidence could be given of the
general activity of the public mind, of the taste for va-
rious kinds of information, and of the good sense and
ability with which public matters are treated, than the
pages of the journal now before us. The reflections of
the editor are frequently judicious and well expressed,
and the communications of his correspondents are
. amusing and instructive. We observe among them
many interesting observations on the mines and the
mode of working them, the substance of which we

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Britaapie)
Put
Malagasy, sn .iy Bile, 4th
ult. The South of Spain was ripe for insurrection.'
Sailed on thefitb, and arrited at Gibraltar, for repairs,.
on the Bth. Sailed the following day with a westerly
wind, and on the 11th, being off Tarifa, where the Con.
stitationalists 'had hoisted the patriotic standard, a
vessel, under English colours, was observed to have been
boarded by armed boats, and detained in the bay: 'The
Hansoase stood in immediately to her rescue, took the
vessel in tow, arid brought her out under the fire of the
batteries. She proved to be the Apes, William Welch,
master, 14 days from Glasgow, bound to Malaga The
Hamm= returned to Gibraltar with that vessel in tow,
and left her there in safety. His Majesty's mertat
vessel again attempted to pass the Strait, with a strong
westerly wind, and on the 12th 'fell in with, off Tarifa,
an English merchant ship, the .Tantivy, of Poole, Wil-
liam Andrews, master, from Leghorn, bound to Liver-
pool, which had been detained and threatened to be
Bred into by a Frenchman of war schooler. The Tender was
promptly taken under convoy, and in tow of the allittalle; both
vessels together turning to windward passed the batteries of Tarifa,
in defiance of the French and Spanish squadrons, and coming up
with the schooner, satisfaction was demanded by the Hamethe for
the apparent insult offered to the British dag by the schooner, in
presuming to alter the voyage of an English merchant ship.
An explanation was 'given by the French Commander, and the
schooner parted company. By day-light on the 13th ,August,
the passage dumb the Strait of Gibraltar was effected'by hie
Maiesty's mortar vessel Hatnoase add convoy; having perforeed
this most difficalt aod singular operation in twenty-four hours, by
means of great exertion In running to windward; 55 tacks were
made in all on both shores, and sense the eastern current ; the wind
steady at W. by N. and generally la fresh breezes. We believe.
there is not another instance recorded of a ship or vessel of war
bringing convoy through the Strait of Gibraltar' with a westerly
wind ; and it is of very rare occurrence that single ships effect the
passage, or even attempt it, under any eircumenseces, with a beat-
ing wind, from the prevailing force of the Eastern current. For
Some days before bee arrival the Harnesses crew bad been much
distressed fur wait of good water. -The wboleofthe compasses in
the vessel were ow deader, either by lightning or by the powerful
ieflueuee of the isediatiph

TJIE EVENINU &FAIL

LONDON.

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MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 43, 1824.
THE FUNDS.
STOCK EXCHANGE, TWELVE O'CLOCK.

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d who • eee s lens are not allowed to CUT/
arms. Five or six Greeks were murdered by the Turke,
who afterwards killed an Austrian tail*. The Ranks
ndw took the alarm, for their own safety armed them-
selves, and the French frigate tie Galatee, well Manned,
'Was brought up the Roadstead and took bee station op.
posite the French Consulate, for the double purpose of
protecting the Consul and taking on board fugitives.
—The armed vessels in the harbour belonging to other
Powers followed the example. This intimidated the
barbarians, who quitted. Smyrna, and tranquillity Seas
restored; but trade was in a state of great stagnation.
The journal des Debate of Friday has lost a coo-
siderable portion of its foreign intelligence by she
scissors of the Censorship. The part . which reataks
gives us the notes that, passed between the Austrian
President of the Germanic Diet and the different Ease) s
of the Great Powers residing at Frankfort; respecting
the resoltitions lately taken by the Confederation for re.
straining the press, and:regulating the Universities. The
Ambassadors of Russia and Fiance express their admi-
ration of the principles which dictated these measures:
the British Envoy Only thanks the President for the
communication, and promises to lay it before his Court.
Oa Friday the KING transacted business with the
Minister for Foreign Affairs and M. de
%he Moaiteur of Thursday contains two tonveintitins
concluded between his Most Christian and bistirtivelk
Majesty, respecting the military occupation of *rain.
The first is dated February 9, 1824, and stipulates that
45,000 French troops shall remain in Spain till the Ist
of July of the same year, and garrison Cadiz, Burgos,
Badajos, Corunna, Santona, •Bilboa, St. Sebastian, Vit-
toria, Tolosa, Pamplona, Figueras,-Gerona, goitalrich,
Barcelona, the Seu d'Urgel,• and Lerida ; that these
troops shall receVre their ordinary pay from France, but
that Spain must make up the difference betweri tbeii
peace establishment and pay on active service;
that, at the end of the term fixed as above, a new dn.
veution for a further occupation may be made. 'The
second convention prolongs that term from July h,1824,
to January 1, 1825;:and adds to the fortresses to be
garrisoned by French troops, those of Saragossa and
Cardona. The following are extracts from the Elates
dated Saturday, September 11:
PARIS, SEPTEMBER to. ,

We have received our correspondence from the islands of the Ar-
cbipelago. Many facts have already been published. We shall extract
all that is not yet known, and that seems to be worthy of notice.

" MILO, JOLT IS.
" Fifty-two Greek vessels, mutely 30 Hydriots sad 22 Spezaiots,
sailed onthe 7tb of this meth to the aid of the Ipsariots. Ofte pan

of this Beet is said to be at Samos, the other at Time sad Miami.

" Captain Gouras, Commandant of Athens, is gone with 4,000
men to niches, against a Turkish column of i 2,000 men that
threatened the first city. Odysseus is at present employed in th.;
Senate. He has quitted the military career for that of dipkinsacy•

" At Napoli di Romania people say openly, that sinless the moorr
arising from the loan arrives, the Morea is lost. Noe,a moldier will
march without being paid his arrears. Severs; changes have taken
place in the Ministry of the Greek Government. Dimitri Itostatat
is Minister of War ; Papa Flaichas, of Justice ; and Capt. Cristo,
at present Governor of Napoli di'Romania, is Generalissimo of ail
the artistes of the PelOposinestis."
" 3fresuisr, JOLT 22.
" After the taking of Ipsara, the Turkish army had retired to
this port. Several Greek ships, profiting by'this favourable oppor-
tunity, landed some troops in Ipsara, wbo, after having taken the
cannon, and a large sum of money which had bees buried, embarked,
about 200 families, who had concealed themselves for a week
among the :vets near the yea. The garrison left by the Captain
Pasha at Jpsara, consisted of 1,500 men: only 259 have escaped-
The Captain Pacha bad left nothing bet galleys in the port of Ipsara•
Seven only were saved : all the rest were taken by the
" The Turkish Beet has returned to Mitylene) and has ;Adored
in these seas. It has been pursued by the Greeitnifeesei, which
were seen from the shore of Plotnaal.
I " The Captain Packs is in. He has giveksallort M hies Slier 10
re-embark on the 24th Juip To-day the Optomis lbw has Elbe
It is said that it is going to Tchestne and Dais Nuova, to visit the
troops. Those which, it had embarked remain here : they will be
gone in three days.


" An English ship, coming from Samos, brings the news that

the inhabitants of that island have declared to all mangers that
they may depart, if they feared death. The aged, women, sea
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children have retired to a high mountain, having carried away al
they had in their houses and magazines. It is said that the Greek
feet is actually of Ipsara."

" Mrsvcamt, Amuse 5.
" The corvette of his Majesty the King of France, La Chevtette,
has arrived in these roads. She has brought hither the Archbishop
of Smyrna, who immediately went on board the Captain Pasha's
ship, where he remained two hours."

NAM 11111 AtIOsBURGH OAZZTTZ.
CONSTANTINOPLE, AUGUST 10.
The Captain Puha hi preparing for the attack of Sawa. It
was to take place after the fete of the Kourbant`Bairans.chat it to
my, between the 7th and loth of this month.
The Egyptian Beet has arrived off the Island of Rhodes.
The Turkish Government, it is imionated, has a borribb pro-
ject—namely, to carry away from the born the rebels of the
Christian population and settle them in Egypt, and to bring Egyp-
tians to inhabit that beautiful peninsula. Will it be believed, Mae
many unworthy Christians in Pera have expressed the mist 111116.-
man joy at this shocking report?
FJEaCH FU3IIIIII-.-PAIII4 SIPS. 10.—Five per Cents. hobs. du
22d Sept. opened at 911 f. 85c. closed at 98f. 90c. Loan of 1111,15.
Bank Stock, 1,900. Neapolitan Five per Cents. in dusts, ;
Rents d'Espagne, 19; Royal Spanish Loan of ISO, Sit. Ex-
change on London, one month, 25f. 15c. three ditto,

Dutch Papers to the 12th instant, and Hamburgh
Papers to the Bth, reached us this morning. One of
them contains an account of some disturbances which
have recently taken place at Coburg. The following
are extracts:
FROM THE MAINE, SEPTEMBER 7!
We hear that some disturbances have taken place at
Coburg. The people have long since entertained a
very bad opinion of one of the Duke's favourites, a Pole
by birth, and at last they have considered this man as
the chief cause of serious differences between the

Prince and Consort is Princess of Sue Giethe.)--
In consequence of tbese differences, the Princess went
to an estate in the neighbourhood.

These circumstances were scarcely known when elf

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corl4,Fun A-4:._ taiso bit 'office as aMof Mt Executive Go- already extended Itmgth. ~ •
ventileur. The-4mi histigittoes of disaffection in Gua. • .
... • Al iIiQUTH, •SEP 'EMBER 9..
ile of the M ihog
tide Stdy
_ad the-inbabi_ants. end J'isumed tbe &pc- shoult_l hive ladid beftoore cbr rt.r."ra %ital. not thisertic le
• • • • was tti be tiled Sy the ls-bf the country for ' PLY
issiii=.
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f orders . and the aspirators convicted
king of Jobe to the of: My. di . 'en" ° , •,__ _Jr _,... Friday strived his Majesty's mortar vessel Hinman,
a nathrat tkap,oule - U previous plot had been sent of to sow coast on the Lieutenant MiCausland (orbit Majelity's ship Britannia)
hat has not ahead? appeared id of June, that they might be 16portcd front the Con:mender, in thirty-nine sitlyi from Algiers. Put
Omen considerable interest is Melicen tertitory in an English stitr
jwluals a.waked into Malaga Bay, in a heavy gale, at west, on the 4th
__.