Star.
London, England, 1825-11-17 00:00:00

EMPIRE OF BRAZIL.

The Empire of Brazil altogether occupies a sapid
cies of 140,625 square miles, at the rate of 15 to a
degree; or 250,000 square leagues, at the rate of 20 to
a degree ; or 390,625 usual square leagues, at the rate
of 25 to a degree. It is reckoned its all the three pre-
ceding ways, and the amount of all is one and the same.
The interior portion of Brazil, comprising the rich and
fertile, but almost des-rt Governments of Matogrosso,
Goyaz, and Para, with their dependencies, occupies
97,675 square miles, or more than two-thirds of the
whole surface.

The provinces of Para and Matngrosso are those
whi:h, on the old maps, form the soi disant country uf
the Amazons. This coultry is much larger than Res.
sia in Europe, but has not 500,000 inhabitants.

Braztl has, upon an average, SO inhabitants to each
square mile. It there were 160 to each square mile, it
would have a population of 14 millions ; it it should
increase to 1,000 per square mile, it would amount to
140 millions.

The United States has, upon an average, nearly 100
inhabitants for each square mile, and the Provinces of
New England have more than 1,000.
The Province of Minas Geraes, in 1808, upon a zur•
face of 6,174 square miles, reckoned 433,9.50 inhabit-
ants, which is rather more than 70 inhabitants to a
'square mile. It is in the centre of Old Brazil.
The public revenue of Brazil in 1817, amounted to
3,134 millions of rtis. The six best peopled provinces
'contributed in the following proportions :—Rio Ja-
neiro, 1,604 millions; 600; Pernambuco, 480;
Nlaranham, 300; Minas G.! aes, with Seara, 150 mil-
lion-. The Court consu ale 887 millions, or more than
one quarter I—Jourerri des Deeds.

" To establish that system, and to consolidate the
powers of this great politic..l body, belongs to the et-
ercise of a supreme authority, which may -direct the
policy of our 53vernments, whose influence may be'
able to maintain unformiry in our principles, and whose
name alone may be sufficient-to appease our cl,ssecsions.•
An authority, to carry with it so much respect, can.
only be found in an union of Plenipotentiaries, sent by
each of our Republics, and assembled under t eauspices
of victory, obtained by our arms over Splnish power.

" Deeply penetrated with these ideas, in MS, as
Ptesitieut of the Republic of Colombia, I invi.ed the
Governments of Mexico, Peru, Chili, and Buenos-.
Ayres, to form a confederacy, and to assemble at the.
lstlitnus of Panama, or any other place to be chosen by
:he majority, a Congress of Plenipotentiaries from each
State, which • might act as a Council to us in our dis-
tresses, as a rallying point in our common danger, as
a faithful interpreter to our public treaties, when dif-
ficulties migh occur; and, in fine, as a mediator in all
our differences.'

" The Government of Peru concluded, on the 6th
of June of that year, a Treaty of Alliance and Con-
federation with the Plenipotentiary of Colombia; and
by it bath parties were pledged to interpose their good'
offices, that all entering into the same compact, a
Genet al Assembly of the Confider aces might be effected..
A Treaty to the same purport was concluded in Mexico
on the 3d of Octobo• of 1823, by the Envoy Earraor•:
dinary of Colombia to that State ; and there are strong
grounds to hope that the other Governments will ac.'
cede to what a rogafirfor their own interests so urgently
recommends.

" To delay for a longer piriod the gheral meeting
of the Ple4gotentiaries from the Republics w!•to, de
facto, alre c form confederacy, until the accession
of the remainstec be obtained, would fllt depriving our.
selves Ofulte.advantages which that assembly would
produce Mom the moment of its installation. These
advadtaws er.e piudigiou•ly increased, if we contem-
plate the picture presented to us by the political woad,
and more particularly the Cabinets of •Europe.
" The union of the Plenipotentiaries of Mexico, Co-
lombia, and Peru, would be delayed indefinitely, if it
were nut promoted by one of the contracting parties ;
unless we were to wait for the result of a new and
special Convention upon the time and place relative to
this great event. On considering the (faculties and
delays, from the distance at which we are separated,
added to other weighty motives, emanating from a
consideration of our gea •ral interests, I have resolved
to take this step, with a view to promote the immediate
meeting of our Plenipotentiaries ; whilst in the mean
time the other States celebrate the same conditions as
already exist between us, relative to the appointment
and incorporation of their Representatives.
44 With respect to the period of the installation of the
Assembly, I venture to believe that no difficulty can
be opposed to its taking place within the space of six
months, counting from the present date; anJ I likewise
venture to flatter myself 'that the ardent desires which
all Americans feel to exalt the power of the cblombian
continent, will abridge the difficulties and delays which
Ministerial preparations might require, and the distance
which exists between the capitals of each State and the
central place of meeting.

" It seems that if the world had to choose us capital,
the Isthmus of Panama would be selected for this
august purpose, placed, as it is, in the centre of the
globe, looking on the one side toward Asia, and on the
other towards Arica and Europe. The Isthmus of
Panama has been offered by the Government of Colom-
bia for this object, in existing treaties. The Isthmus is at
an equal distance from the two extremities ; and, on this
account, might be provisionally adopted as the place
where the first meeting of the confederates might be held.
" Yielding, therefore, to these considerations, I feel
strongly inclined to send to Panama the Deputies from
this Republic, the moment I have the honour to receive
the wished•for answer to this circular. islathi,g, cer-
tainly, will contribute so much to .satisfy tt e ardent
wishes of my heart, as the co•operation which I lock
forward to of the confederated Governments, in carry-
ing into effect this august act of America.
" If your Excellency does not condescend to join in-
it, I foresee 'immense delay and injury, at a time when
the movement of the world accelerates all things, acce-
lerating them, perhaps, to our disadvantage.
" After the first conferences between the Plenipcten.
tiaries have been held, the residence of the Assembly, as
well as its attributions, may be determined iu a s•ilerun
manner by the maj city; and then all our aim will be
accomplished.
" The day on which our Plenipotentiaries exchange
their full powers, will form a memorable era in the
diplomatic history of America. When, an hundred
ages hence, posterity seeks the origin of our interna-
tional 14w, and recalls to mind the conventions which.
consolidated her existence, she will respectfully consult
the rucutds of the proceedings in the Isthmus. In them
she will discover the basis of our first alliances, which
will regulate the system of Our relations with the uni-
verse. What will the Isthmus of Corinth then be to
that of Panama ?
God preserve your Excellency. Your great and good friend.
(Signed) " BOLIVAR."

LONDON.

--ap.....
THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 1845.
STOCK EXCHANGE, TWELVE O'CLOCK.

Everything is u gloomy as possible in the Stock Exchange and
the Royal Exchange. Consuls opened at 85 to and one bargain
was done at 85 for the Account. Consols are now 851 I, and for
next time 85Z.

The Foreign Market is gloomy, and all South Ametican Secu-
rities continually drooping.

Current Prices: Old Spanish 141 ISt, Mexican Five per Cents.
60, Ditto Six per Cents. 68, Mexican Scrip 184, Colombian New 61.
I'lllOE OF STOCKS AT TWO O'CLOCK.

Bank Stock 219 220
3 ler Cent. Red. 84% % 1/2 %
a per Cent. Cons. 851/2 3/
3,1_, per Cent. 92 91%
4 per Cent. Astented 92 91%
4 per Cent. New 1021/2 vs %
Long Ann. 20 7-16 %
India Bonds 9 8
£l,OOO Exclieq. Bills par. 2 prem.
£5OO ditto p r. 2 prem.
COM. lot Acct. 851/2 851/2 31;
EXCHANGE&

HAKEURCE, Nov: 11.—On London, 35. 1. 2M. 34. 11.
Sr. PETTESIORGif, OCT. 19.—0 n London, 10e.
%awl, Nov. a.—On London, S M. 6.25.
Lamle, Nov. 7.—On London, 3 M. 6. 14.
Srocestosar, Nov. 1.6—0 n London, forty days, 11 Rix Dollars.
20 Schili.
Cu itIVIIAMA, OCT. 26.—0 n London, 3 M. 4. 94.
FRENCH FUNDS, Eta's, NOVEMBER 14.
Five per Cents. opened at . . 97f. 90c.
closed at . . 99f. 10c.
Three per Cents. opened 'at 6
closed at

Rank Stock .
Neapolitan Rents .
Relates d'Espagtie . .
Royal Spanish Loan, 1843
Exchange on London, One Month
Three Months 4.

PAW, 'Novipuma 15.
?me per Cents. .
Three per Cents. . •

. 67f. 50c.
. 67f. 70c.
. 21mf.
. 85f. 50c.
. 10f.
. 49f.
25f.
. 24f. SOc.

. 981. lOc.
. 681. 90c.

FOREIGN FUNDS TWO O'CLOCK.
Ananias' lids S p Ct. blex.Scrip.t 865, 18 19 dis•
Mar Wan Kind., • Ditto Acct.
Ditto Acct. Neapolitan Bonds,
Ilk.. Scrip,spC.lll23, Peruv.linnds, 6 pC. 491 481 50
Ditto Acct. 14 13 121 dis. Ditto Acct. 48
•
Buenos Ayres Bonds DittoScrip,lB2s. 6 pC.
Chilian linuds.6 p Ct. 55 Portuguese Bonds
Coknutilari lidb.6pC. 581 Pruss. Bds. 5 p C.
Do. lids 1824.62/ 61 631 64 631 Do. Bonds, 1822,
Ditto Act. 621 611 601631 641 I Russ.Bds,lB22 S p C. 871 1
_ __

David] Bonds: 5 p ci. ifil i i
1)u. Marks Banco
Ditto Bands, 1825,
crwrk liwitia
Di.BalsoB2s SpC.
Ditto Acct.

Ditto Acct. ins)
Span. 3 pCt.C. 15
Ditto for Arc. 15k
Ditto 510 1.51
Span.s p. l:t. C. 1543,
French Iterates, 5pC.
~...,

bltx. Bonds, 1 French Itentes.3p.C. 681. 50c.
Ditto Acct. 39 Exchange, 2Sf.
Do. lids, 182.5,6pCt. 70 691 701 Guatemala Scrip, 7 dis.
Do. Acet. 681 661 70 610 i 70h I Russian Inscript. 6 p Ct.
BRITISH AND FOREIGN SHARES, TWO O'CLOCK.
SNARL. PAID.
100 30 SS 57i
50 3 17
100 5 • 71
2S 15 61 7
100 25 17

Anglo Mellen Spin.
Bolivar
Paseo Peruvian -
11eIch Iron & Coal
British Iron Company -
British, Irish, and Colonial.
Silk Company .

so s iii k

The depression of the Funds still continues, and pro-

dues, in a greatly augmented ratio, the depression of
the two other great absorbents of capital, the Foreign
Stocks and the Shares of Joint Stock Companies,
which were called into existence only by the un• I
natural elevation to which the Public Securities of

this country had attained. In regard to Foreign Secu-
rities, it is deeply to be regretted that they should
ever have been legally negotiable in this country at all,
except by positive convention with the several States
for whose benefit the money was to be raised ; the first
consequence of which would have been, an equiva.
lent to this country in commercial preferences, in
return for the boon so demanded ; and the next
consequence, which is of far greater moment to English-
men embarking their property in these speculations,
would have been a right, on the part of our Government,
to compel the Foreign States to a fair observance of the

conditions of the Loan—thettby giving the R; itish cte-
ditor a chance of security. As matters now stem', how-
ever, the merest trifle may destroy their security for
principal and interest, without the shadow of a claim
on their own Government lot redress. Their title rests,
in many cases, on the public faith of States, some of
which are in a very unsettled condition, and all of
them are yet to be tried in the very 'doubtful
ordial of keeping their engagements with foreigners
with whom they may be at war, in a season of
difficulty, when they are without the means of de-
fending their own shores. Have we not seen,' even
in a British House of Commons, at a time, indeed, o
very peculiar distress, a cry for defrauding the pub
lic creditor of a part of the property secured to
him lay Act of Parliament ? With what success
would that cry have been opposed if the national cre-
ditor had been an alien and an enemy ?—lf this be so
in England, which never for a moment had heretofore
broken faith with its creditors, what would the result
have been in a despotic Continental Cabinet, or in the
Senate of a weak, a turbulent, and unsettled trans-
' atlantic Republic ?—No one can have two opinions.
We think it natural and probable, therefore, that
those who, in a moment of delirium had rashly invested
their property in Foreign Shares, will now, in the panic
which has arisen, endeavour to withdraw whatever
portion of their capital they may be able to secure.
In regard to Joint Stock Shares, they are disappear-
ing as fast as thpy arose—like unhealthy mists and
vapours before the sun.

In the year 1720, there were established, during a
similar mania, Two Hundred Joint Stock Companies.
Of all these, there has been none in existence for these
thirty years; but three, viz. the Royal Exchange, the
Amicable, and the London Copper Company.

Just as our Paper was going to presc, we received the
Dale of yesterday, by Express; the Papers of Tuesday
had previously reached us. Accounts from Rome of
the 3d inst. state that the health of the POPE improves
daily, though he still continues to keep his room.
Accounts from Odessa state, en the authority of let-
ter: from Constantinople of the 19th ult. that the Turco-
Egyptian fleet, under the orders of the CAPITAN PACHA,
had appeared off Rhodes. The fleet watered on the 13th
ultimo at Marmoritaa, where it was watched by the
Greeks. It appeared to sail towards Candia, although
the losses IBRAHIM PACHA has sustained render it pro-
bable that the troops are destined to reinforce him.—
The Greeks at Constantinople still hope for the assist.
ance of the Americans.

The ttoik contains, from the Austrian Observer, the
article on Greece, the substance of which we have else.
where given.

Letters from Madrid announce the arrival there of
the Marquis de MoVSTIER, Ambassador from France.
The Frer:ch are on the point of establishing a colony
of transports at Madagascar, similar to that of the
English at Botany Bay.
The Etoile, quoting from the luotidienne and the
Join-nal des Deloats, their account of the embarrassments
of the Duc de L'INFANTADO, remarks that the wisest
thing that thelteader can do is to believe nether of them.
The news from Madrid in the F►each Papers is
full of speculations on the late change in the Spanish
Ministry. It is said in one of them, that the Duke of
IVPANTADO, having quarrelled with the party whose
influence placed him at the head of affairs, and being
sure of meeting with countenance from the allies of
Spain, is left without either domestic or foreign coun-
tenance, and depends entirely on the short-lived and
capricious favour of the Court. In this state of things
France is about to claim the payment of 45,000,000
of teals, (450,0000 due on the Ist of January, and
the Duke has not a maravedi in the Treasury to
defray even the expenses of the Civil List. It is
said that M. ZEA still remains at Madrid, and that,
as he is not entirely shunned by the courtiers, nor de.
serted by the foreign Ambassadors, his disgrace is not
considered as complete, nor his return to office hopeless.
In the meantime, as the news of his dismissal extends
through the provinces, it is hailed by the fanatical cry
of 44 Long live the absolute King !" and 64 Death to
the Negros !"

By the arrival of a German Mail this forenoon, we
have received the Austrian ()hover of the 4th inst.
which contains a very long article on Greece, unfavour-
able, as usual, to the independence of that country, but
containing little intelligence not already known. It is
stated in an article from Constantinople, of the 10th ult.
that Cclonel Faavtaa, with his Regiment of 300 men,
concerted an attack on Tripolizza, with the Greek
General LoNDo, and had proceeded to one of the gates
to storm it, when he found that Lorin° did not appear,
and that the garrison was stronger than he supposed.
The Egyptian and Turkish Beets were expected to
leave Alexandria at the end of September.
The troops embarked are stated at 9,000 men of
different arms; it is reported, but this is sot certain,
that there are fifteen fire ships and two steam boats
with the fleets.

Two Greek squadrons, one of thirty-six, the other
of eighteen sail, including fire ships, are said, in accounts
from the Archipelago, to have been cruizing, at the
latter end of September, between Milo and Santerini,
to watch the motions of the Turkish and Egyptian
fleets, if they should shea themselves in those seas.
An article purporting to be from Napoli di Romania,
represents the Greek Government as generally detested
and despised, and the people as thinking as little of,
,erious measures of defence, as if 'swum PACHA and
the Turks no longer existed. The intrigues of the
French and English adventurers are said to have raised
the confusion to the highest pitch : the English are
stated to be is the ascendant at Napoli, and the French

in the North*in provinces. A Gretk, to) 7.i represented
as a restless' intriguer, is said to have picipo.ed to his
follower; in Livadia, to proclaim the srah of a French
Mince King of Greece, under the guardians!,ip of Co-
Larrr and some other Anti-Engliat pat t;sans.
The Greek Admiral CANA it is was at Nap h, where
General Rocne gave him a grand entertainment, at
which he presented him with a souvenir, wLb a Greek
inscription, from a female friend of the Greeks at Paris,
who was enraptured at the exploits of the Hychiots ; it
was accompanied by CANARI'S portrait, and an account
of his life ; the Lady is said to be of high rank, and one
of the handsomest in Paris. As a proof of his gratitude,
CAvAnis presented to General Romig his old tobacco-
pipe, which the latter promi'sed to preserve as a relic
The General ought, we think, to present the pipe to the
Lady of high rank, in return for her Forget me Not r
which would be about as much use and value to CANA•
nis, as a pair of knee buckles to a Highlander.

In addition to the Greek accounts in the Austrian CM-
server, the French Journals contain their view of the
affairs of that country. A que,tion of great importance
begins to be agitated ; the legal existence of the present
Executive Power (of Greece) expires before the end of
the year. According to the Constitution a General As-1
sembly is req'iired for the election of new Governors.—
But the London Committee, it is said, seems inclined to
continue CoNountom in the office of President for
five years.
!IRAN ne is represented at Ti ipolir za, free in his move-
ments ; his inactivity is attributed to his waiting for
reinforcements.

We have received United States Papers to the
25th ult. but they do not contain any intelligence of
interest, except the letter and decree of BJLIvAR, which
we have inserted in another column. A Charleston
Paper gives an account of, the late severe gales at the
Bahamas, which has already appealed in the STAR
The Curacoa Papers of the Ist of October contain the
report of Root L, the commander of Callao, proposing to
capitulate.

By the Agnes, arrived in the Clyde, letters and papers
have been received from Demerara to the 28th of Sep.
tember. We regret to perceive, by the following esti act
from a private letter, of the 27th of September, which
we copy from the Glasgow Courier, that Demerara
continues to suffer from a severe drought. Its conti-
nuance at that season of the year must injure the crop
on the ground past remedy:

a This dry weather is really most alarming ; I see nothing near
but ruin to our planters ; their prospects for this aad the next year
are nearly blasted. The country exhibits the most miserable ap.
pearance; it is extremely melancholy to see it. At Essequebo,
they have had the same distressing dry weather, and the bush on
the back lots being on fire in many places, requires great caution in
preventing communication with the canes."

Accounts from Stockholm state, that the King of
SWEDEN has behaved with great liberality to the English
house of BARCLAY, HERRING, RICGARDSON, and CO.
in allowing them to rescind a contract for the purchase
of three old ships belonging to the Swedish navy. It
appears that on the purchasers representing that on ac-
count of the advanced season, and other circumstances,
the commercial expedition for which these three ships
were designed, could not be undertaken this year, the
KING ordered the money to be immed ately repaid, dis-
pensed the purchasers from paying the penalty fixed in
the contract, and directed, besides, that they should be
reimbursed for all the expenses to which they had been
put in repair ing the vessels. He also promised that the
house should be allowed to repurchase one of the
frigates at least, if the Royal Navy should not want it
n:at Spring.