Star.
London, England, 1825-11-03 00:00:00

THE MAGISTRATES' POCKET BOOK.

In a few days will be published,
THE NIAGIS MATES' POCKET-BOOK, or, An
EPITOME of the DUTIES and PRACTICE of a JUS-
TICE of the PEACE out of Sessions, alphabetically arranged. To
which is added a copious and general Index.
By WILLIAM ROBINSON, Esq. LL.D. of the Middle Temple.
Printed for eharles Hunter, Law Bookseller, 26, Bell-yard Lin-
coln's Inn.

THE RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW, No. MEW.
is just published, and contains:
Memorials of the Civil War in the County of Devono.-Meld-
jog'. Penal Laws of London.—Dr. J. Beaumont!. rsyclie:
Starroll, Roman Comigue.—llabington's C.u.tara.—Travels of
Corsai, jun.—Bishop Corbet's Podns.—The Great Evil of Healtif
Drinking. —The Touchstone of Complexions, from the Latiwor
Lenine Lemnie.
London: Printed for Payne and Fou, ; and Baldwin,
Cradock,,and Joy, Vatetnobter-row.

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" The war of the Peninsula having been happily
brought to a conclusion, and his Catholic Majesty
having been re-established, with the assistance of Eng-
land, cn the throne of his ancestors, the Treaty of 1814
was substituted for that of 1801 And what does this
last Treaty contain? First, the expression of the most
earnest desire, on the part of his Majesty, that Spani.h
America should be again united with the mother coun-
try; and secondly, an engagement to forbid English
subjects from furnishing munitions of war to the inha-
bitants of Spanish America.
" This engagement was immediately fulfilled by a
Cabinet order issued in 1814 ; and to extend these ob-
jects beyond the limits of the obligation prescribed by
this Treaty, an Act was passed in 1819, forbidding
English subjtcts from serving in the armies of the in-
surgent colones.
" The sincerity of the desire expressed in this Treaty
is proved, not only by the above measures, but by the
reiterated offers on the part of England to. become a
mediator between Spain and htr Colonies. The propo-
sal for this intervention was not alone founded, as
avowed by M. Zea, on the understanding that Spain
should emancipate her colonies. A number of years has
elapsed since that time, and Spain has disdained, upon
different occa.,iolis which have presented themselves, to
negotiate upon more favourable conditions, before that
basis was laid dawn, as the only one upon which a ne•
gotiation could be successfully established. .
" No mention was made of it in len, when our mediation was
offered to the Curies.
" Nd Mention '-as made of it in 1815, when Spain demanded
our mediation, but refused to state the condidoos to which Ike
!would be disposed to consent..
" ilor Was it touched upon in 1818, in conferences. at
Aii:la-Chipelle, when the question as to an agreement
between Spaini and het Colonies was agitated for the
'Etat and last time among the great European Powers.
" Alter the total silence which Spain has preserved
relative to the opinion put forth by be Powers who
were present at these conferences, when this question
'was proposed to them, two points were clearly esta-
Wished :—lst. That Spain had not the serious intention
of proposing to the Americans acceptable conditions;
21 That the sending of this question to be decided by
a Congress could not be attended by any profitable or.
satisfactory results.
"Since that time Great Britain has entirely abstained
from touching on the paint oft negOeiation with the
Colonies, until the month of May, 1822, when Spain
itself snadva spont tneous declaration that she wished
measures to betaken for the re•estAblishinent of peace in
the two AuFricas, upon an entirely new basis, wbi;h
however she did riot explain. •
" In reply to these curnrnu.iications, Spain was re-
quested, to accelerate, as; much ;ay. possih e,,itir pego •
ciations w ith the C tonieit.as the course of events were
so lapis! as not t? alio* or a foalaf delay
,but rn?
stlg-
je 'w tn 4e IC.*tl i ' eirbitcteiiki4Ati
. ..•

14 13. it this separation has produced a state of, things,
to which the Blitisb Govern.ment must adapt its mea-
sures and its language, not precipitately, but with ma-
ture reflection and circumspection.
" Tire continuing to call by the name of a Spanish-
possession a terri:ory in which Spanish power a9d occu-
pation have been extinguished, can be of no practical
utility to-the mother country, and may endanger the
peace of the world. AU political communities' are re-
sponsible to each other for their conduct— hat is, th.'y
are All under an obligntion to fulfil their established
international duties, and to indemnify any violation of
the rights of others comMitted by their, citizens or sub-
jects. Now, since the .mother country must continue
to be responsible for acts over which it cannot exercise
the shadow of authority, the inhabitnnt4 of tfios4 enqu-
iries whose political independence has. been estahlaid,
but whose title has not been recognized, Must be placed
in a situation in which they are responsible for their
actii ns, or must be punished like piritei placed beyond
*the pale of law, for those deeds which supply a ground
of complaint to other nations. In the first part of this
alternative the total irresponsibility of the States ti-lt
rec-gnized is too absurd to bemaintained ; and in the
last, the treatment of their inhabitants as, pirates is too
.monstrous tube applied to a great portion of the habit.
able globe.
" There remained no other resource to drear Britain,
or to any other county which maintained a cpmmer-
cial intercourse with the Spanish American govinces,
but to recognise in time their political existe4ce, and to
consider them in the enjoyment of. the rights and duties
which civilised nations are obliged to respect among
themselves and entitled to claim from others,
" The example of Vie last revolution of France,. and
of the happy re-est.sbli-hm nt of Louis XVIII. upon his
throne, is cited by •M. Zea; in support of the principle
of the impre.criptible ights of a legitimate S .veteign,
and the obligation of all foreign Powers to respect those
righti; arid- in consequence this Minister invites Eng.
land to act consistently, and in its conduct towards the
new States of Spanish America to observe the same
reserve as was exhiSited, in a manner so honourable to
her, towards revolutiiinary France.
" But it is necessary to recal to the recollection of M.
Zoos that all the Powers of Europe, and particularly
*ails, one of the first, not only acknowledged the
retest Governments de facto which deprived the Bour-.
bons of the throne of France, and which afterwards kept-
that tinily at a distance from it for 25 years, but that
Spain besides concluded strict alliances with them, and
above all, with the one which M. Zea justly designates
as a Government de facto in the stt ',test sense—that cf
Bonaparte, aga;nst whom his unrestrained ambition,
;and not a principle of respect for the rights of legiti-
mate monarchy, had armel all die Powers of Europe.
"It is useless to attempt to gave another colour to
facts which have already been displayed in it a page ‘f
history ; and the undersigned is, in come quenceobliged
to add, that Great Britain cannot, in justice to limed,.
accept the eulogium %Web 111. Zea bestows upon her in
this respect ; nor can she pretend to except herself from
the general accusation of having negcciated with the
chiefs of the French Revolution.
It is-tree that in 1796. England abstained front
treating with revolutionary France, long after the Powers
of Europe had given it the-erample. But the-causes.of
this reserve, alleged in Parliament fad in' different
documents. was the subordinate state of tht French
Government, and it cannot be &nit& that Great Biri.
talc(, twice, in 1796 and 1797, .opened negociations
fur prar,e_witit;the French Oacctory, swllich,.if they 1 ad
succeeded, soulci have leg to a tecognilioss
fopn,of Cioyernment. ,In 1801 peace wise
the Cons uLtte, and It in 180,6 pea.e wail*

dit,
Corclusiell
tipt ;ictuailT
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