Star.
London, England, 1830-01-09 00:00:00

ADDRESS TO THA OOYERNMENTS OF
EUROPE AND 41118711C4.
•
In September, 1818, I presented to you a memorial ;
and in the October of the same year, I presented another,
through the late Lord Castlereagh, to the Allied Powers,
assembled in Congress at Aix-la-Chapeffe.
These memorials related to the general state of the civi-
lized world, as it existed at that period ; and to these I
beg to refer you for an explanation of the causes that
have created the general changes which have occurred in
Europe and America from that time up to the present
period.
Upon perusing these memorials you wilt perceive,
that, without the alteration of a single word, they describe
the exact condition of the leading Powers, and their re-
spective populations, in Europe and America, as they
exist at this moment.
In the first of these memorials it is stated, that " A
period has arrived in which a greater change in human
affairs will be forced on the world than the world has yet
witnessed ; but, in all its extent, the change will be
highly beneficial to every individual and to all States. It
is a period when the errors which have hitherto perplexed
mankind are about to be unravelled ; and, in consequence,
the obstacles which stood in the way of human improve-
ment and enjoyment will be removed.
" The immediate causes which make this change cer-
tain and necessary are, the overwhelming effects of new
scientific power, and the rapidly increasing knowledge of
all classes of men. _ _

" The former will soon render human labour of little
avail in the creation of wealth, while the latter will make
evident to the people the absolute necessity, which has
thus arisen for them to give a different direction to their
powers, and will inform them, also, how the change is to
be effected.
" To this day the means of consumption, or of obtain-
ing the necessaries of life, by the working classes, have
been acquired solely through the medium of their labour,
the value of which the new power has already much di-
minished. And the certain consequences of the undi-
rected progress of this power will be to reduce the ex-
changeable value of manual labour until it falls below the
means of procuring a wretched subsistence for any large
proportion of the working classes, while the remainder of
them must be starved out of existence.

" Such is the nature of the contest, which has already
continued for some time, and which now exists, in full
activity, between scientific power and manual labour—
between knowledge and ignorance ; but no one, who com-
prehends anything of the subject, can for one moment
doubt the result."

The period has arrived when this change has become
inevitable throughout the British dominions; and the
causes which have produced the necessity for it in these
countries are in active progress in the United States, in
France, over Europe generally, and in many parts of
Asia.

The new scientific powers of production, which,
during the late revolutionary war of France, ade such
a progress in Great Britain, as by their effcts to asto-
nish her allies, her enemies, and the world, have now
taken deep root in the United States, sad in many of
the nations of Europe ; and this new power, which no
human efforts can now arrest in its continually increasing
progress, is already sufficient, or may be made super-
abundantly,to supply the physical wants of the human race,
however rapidly the population of the world may increase.
Such is already the dominion which science has ac-
quired over the productions by which the physical wants
of mankind are supplied.
It is unnecessary, therefore, that poverty, or the fear
of it, should be longer numbered among the evils to
which humanity is liable, except through the want of
knowledge, and consequent misrule of those who govern.
The most ample means to secure permanent abundance
for the population whom you govern, and whose happi-
ness or misery depends upon your knowledge or igno-
rance, are now at your disposal, and wait only for you to
give them a right direction.
in the words, then, of the second memorial, to which
I have already referred, it is strictly true that " The
period has arrived when the means are become obvious,
by which, without violence, fraud, or disorder, of any
kind, riches may be created in such abundance, and
advantageously for all, that the wants and wishes of
every human being, relative to real wealth, may be more
than satisfied."

But the still more important knowledge has been ac-
quired, and is now offered for your consideration, by
means of which you would be enabled to remove,
from among the people over whom yen rule, and from
their descendants to the latest posterity, the cause of
all intellectual and moral evil ever experienced in human
society.
'the inhabitants of the world have heretofore lived un-
der the impression that the thoughts and the convictions
of each individual were of his own formation ; and that
they depended upon his will, which they supposed to be
an independent part of his nature. They have, there-
fore, been angry, because of each other's thoughts and
convictions ; and have, consequently, been,without excep-
tion,ignorantlycruel and unjust, individually and nationally.
The inhabitants of the world have also existed to the
present time, under the Impression that each individual
possessed a power of his own formation, to like or dis-
like things, and to love or hate persons at his pleasure.
They have,
.therefore, been angry with each other
when they did not like or dislike, and love or hate, ac-
cording to the fanciful or arbitrary notions of individuals
or nations.

Experience has now proved that these are impres-
sions, arising, not from facts, but imaginary notions
opposed to all facts ; and that hence alone has pro-
ceeded all the intellectual and moral evil ; or, in other
words, all the irrationality which the world has ever known,
'he came of all the misery which has existed is thus
before you ; and you possess the most ample power to
remove that cause in this generation, without injury to

_
yourselves or others.
Will you not, then, remove it, and thereby withdraw all
the evil and misery from among yourselves, and all those
whose well being and happiness are under your guidance-
and control
Will you not unite among yourselves for your safety,
ind seriously deliberate what measures may be the most
beneficially adopted under the new circumstances which
have arisen, and the knowledge of which can be no
longer withheld from the general population of the world
Can all your present wealth and power procure a
higher enjoyment than that of becoming the active instru-
ments of securing the future happiness of the human race
To. accomplish the object of my exertions, it is ne-
cessary fee tae to economize time and money ; and when
the end to he a,ttained is the permanent well-being of
mankind, ceremonies become less important.
I feel myself, therefonii obliged to make this commu-
okra= to tech Government -through the medium of the
rbliipmee ; in which -forte( l'beg'bilell of 'you to actor
at with the sante kind feelings and attention which my
former 40111111111111katilin experienced from many of you.
Bedford-square. Jan. 6. ROBERT OWEN.

1 THE MAN OF LEISURE, IN CHELTENHAM.

No. VII.
From the Cheltenham Journal.

" The service sod the loyalty I owe,
In doing. pays itself. Your Highness' part
Is to receive our duties r and our dudes
Are to your throat and state. children and servants;
Which do but what they should, by doing every thing
Safe toward your love and honour.'.
Setaxermas. Macbeth. a• I, t• 4.
•
" The joy of plants, the spirit of Bowen,
The smell and verdure of the bowers.

•1

The water's manner, with the showers
DWl!ling on the new fresh hewn,
The whistling winds and birds that sing
The welcome of our great. good King!',
B. JOINGIL The King's Entertabuneat at %beck.

Although I have endeavoured ao far to comprise in my preceding
details all the merely local incidents—or, as our Newsper writes
would say, aft "the Hosts News"--conoseted with the Royal visit,
so that they might not clash with my nodes of the Royal pro.
greases through the county ; I yet Ind that one or two sketches of
characters, and events in some degree illitatradve of the time and
the season, have hitherto escaped me. That the essays which I
bay* devoted to " the customs of the court at Chelteaham," may
not be defective even in such osinsein, I shall begin this, my
seventh number, with the mention of a dreamscapes which was by
no means of rare occurrence in that overthronged month of Jubilee,
though luckily for the future reputation of the town and its salu-
brious spas, we bad no Adam Nestles in than days to pervert suck
• a casualty into the Instrument of gratifying any unworthy feeling.
Be it known then, to all the water-drinkers who in times past or
present. may have derfveti, or are now deriving, benefit from the
mineral springs of Cheltenham, that

" the fountain from the which our current ran,"
was more than once dried up"—or, more correctly speaking, was
actually drank dry—so that, as I believe it has In later years hap.
mmed at a well sunk by the skilful, and the long lamented lemma.
invalids to whom the morning libation was (as modern patriots ay
of the liberty of the Press,) " like the air they breathed, if they
bad it not they died"—actually insisted upon baying Pie very dregs
drawn from the well-head ; and applying their cambric handker-
chiefs to the surface of the glass, strained the salubrious draught as
it passed their lips, and thus imbibed health from a troubled rout).
tain. But.while such expedients were justifiably resorted to by
" real invalids"—the mere votaries of pleasure who crowded to the
Spa, as a fashionable lounge, and drank the waters because It was
"the mode at court," was laughed at when they arrived too late. In
such a predicament, as I remember Mr. Whitefoord—to whom I
have before alluded—was once placed ; but he was rather displeased
by the exhaustion of the spring, and pettishly exclaimed, " this is a
pretty joke Indeed ; "Lord Mountmorrit, who was perpetually ban-
tering him, happened to overhear the exclamation, and catalog
sharply round, as if glad to detect the humoerist in an " hU-
moue," his Lordship asked him " what kind of joke is it?"
Wbitefoord, seeing that the laugh was against him, and that he had
only his own laziness to thank for the loss of his potation, not only
recovered his own mirth but was the cause of merriment to all
around him, by quaintly replying " why a very dry joke my
Lord." The only conspicuous person, amongst the usual visitors
then at " the Spa," of whom I have as yet omitted to make
" honorable mention" was a clergyman of the name at Egerton, a
remarkably fine young man, who owed the particular degree of
notice which he then enjoyed to the admiration of the ladies—
whose good opinion secured for him the distinguishing appellation
of " the handsome parson ;" and it was even said that if the pa-
tronage of the church bad been vested in his fair admirers, Ale
Egerton would soon have been a bishop !
These lucubration' of mine, like the kaleidoscope, present strange
combinations, and still stranger contrasts, at every torn. My me-
mory, tenacious as it is, has not all the distinctness of classllicatioa
that it possessed forty years ago; and If I were to coeliac myself
to the strict routine of events so long past, I should make but sorry
work of it—and even so some fastidious reader may accuse me of
now doing. I have said nothing of late, of the speculative spirit
that arose here, as aeon as the Royal Family came amongst us, and
that soon pitied strength and energy when it was rumoured that
Cheltenham was likely to become a Royal residence. In one short
week the timodations of not less than sixty homes were marked
ent, and *dr erection forthwith commenced. I shall say no more
on that subject just now lest I may revive recollections bordering
too closely upon the adventures of a few years since. So then let
us
diversify the subject by the record of a gallant tray—s joust—a
tournament worthy of the depot chivalry when Knights cootended
for the honour of rendering service to the fair t—saves that in this
ease, the Knights were Maltase, and the bone of commodes was the
fare. At that period there were but two Sedan Chairs—that is to say
" in the manor borne"—in the good town of Clielteoliame—and, as
a matter of course, but four Chairmen indigenous, or " native here,
and to the manor born ;"—until certain polar aids were imported
from " the Bath." But a spirit of rivalry soon broke out amongst
these worthies ; and the entrance to the theatre was the scene of
action. Regardless of the heroic exploits that were then enacting
within—or of the mimic war which was then for aught they knew
" is perilous act," the doughty champion " waged the &tic
ask" without, and the contest, which, if not bloody, was yet
boisterous, lasted for upwards of an hour. —" Somewhat too much
of this."—We must set out on our excursions; and Bret, I shall
notice the Royal visit to Sudeky Cutle, in order that I may cor-
rect an error into which Antiquarians and Historians have alike
been betrayed with respect to the eiscovery of Queen Catherine's
place of burial That event was purely accidental. Budeley farm,
and the house which is now the only habitable part of that once
princely Castle, had been for some years in the occupation of a
worthy farmer of the name of L 5 ; and it happened during
his absence one day at a distant pan of hie grounds, that some la-
bourers who were about repairing the floor of a room adjoining the
Chapel, struck with a pickaxe upon a hard substance; and soon
discoveries that it was a cone, they 'hastened to communicate
the circumstance to Mrs. who was then at tea with
some female visitors, one of whom was an amiable friend of mine
who lately related the occurrence to me. Woman's curiosity once
excited is not se easily allayed ; and to the spot the ladles hastened.
The coin was raised from its original bed ; and was soon after-
wards opened in the presence of a surgeon then resident in Winch-
comb. The body was in excellent preservation; the features of
the face were perfect, and the hair was of an unchanged auburn
hue—the string, by which it was tied clues to the bead, crumbled
in the heeds of the person who held it, and the hair fell in pro-
fusion down upon the shoulders. The original discovery of the
Queen's remains, therefore, should no longer in my opinion be
attributed to Dr. Nash ; nor should the rumour of gross indigni-
des having been offered to the corpse, be so readily accredited.—
'I he only mutilation—if such an act could be considered a mutila-
tion of the Royal person—was perpetrated by the surgeon, who
perceiving that the teeth were quite sound, and but little impaired
In colour, removed two of them from the head,--and these relics
he had framed and glazed, and hung up over his lore-place. where
they were exhibited for some years to his friends, and to all those
who took an interest in such antiquarian matters. It seems, how-
ever, that some very exaggerated statements of the whole trans-
action bad reached the Court, and an Illustrious Personage was
said to be much scandalized by the indignities, which, according to
report, bad been offered to the remakes of Royally. Nay. I hawe been
meowed, eo highly was the indignation of that exalted persenage
excited, that a representation of the affair was made to the then
lordly proprietor of Sudeley, eccornpauted by a with ,that fanner
L—.e should be dispossessed of the faro and peinialsem. Ai
little dispassionate investigation, however, tended tie Sibelinflbit ex-
culpation of the worthy farmer, who remained lamely
in quiet possession of " the castle," when it was Wind lot l'fle by
the Royal Family. So little was such an beams andoimeedi that
it was not till the carriages arrived at the outward eats that even
the approach of any visitor was thought of; and ea this @sleds'
Mrs. L received the distinguished guests—eo whom maiden
she pointed out all the vestiges of antiquity. The Qom sad the
Princesses minutely inspected tbe chapel, and the groat hali—
but the King traversed every part of the building, and viewed
even the apartments occupied by the farmer's family. At that time
the stairs, which were of oak, were kept' so nicely polished,
that without a matting or stair-cloth it was somewhat dalligeroes to
descend them; but the King was Impatient to me ail that was to
be seen, and would not wait for the laying down of oven's); ; and
as he descended his foot slipped, and but foe the presence amino!.
and strength of Mn. L—s, his Majesty would certainly have
fallen to the bottom, and must have sustained considerable lajtary.
He escaped unhurt; but sensibly alive as be ever was to say act
of kindness. be instantly, in the most condescending and unaffected
manner, thanked her for her timely aid, and inquired into bet prise.
pens in life ; and amongst many other particulars asked
whether she had a son capable of being sent into the
world? Oa being informed the age of bee eldest son, the
Xing said in his usual hasty way. " well, Weil, well, *try'
good. very good, well Me about it," and then, thanking
his hostess, proceeded to the carriage' and drove" rapidly sway.
At the end of a very few weeks . letter was reeebred by the
farmer, purporting to be addressed to Mat by his Illi}esty's dons.;
pleads, and requiring that the name and age of his oldest aria lhould*
forthwith be cummuniested to the party by' whoth tithlettekwee
*hien. This request was of course promptly eemptild wi
math/ name of Thomas Le-e—s was seen afteneir¢s hoiour
by a place in the Gateote—as as ensign to the resbeees '
feat. • His promotion was rapid, and bad his .eiindiet anima
all the good fortune that was lavished upon him, he wield
many years since have enjoyed high rank in the army. Put

Milker hh education, nor his only habits, fitted him for such
IND inceedeorse with the world, and " Captain L. —s" was "d-
-ism. to retire freest the service"-and the !chilly aid bensheent
intilitisee of the good King were frustrated. to my fillert essays,
I shall has mossier to my meth more oriodeley—from which
he us now pram to Matson Hewes I have noticed the cordsl
reeepdm which Ms Majesty vend n to the facetious Selwyn,
when be brat imesontered that Adirsied wit on " tbe Mall
at ffhiliaams; and it rem ashy Yesimposed that there was no
= siaddirkrems ledeabg As King to ink a mansion to which no
degree of lama Ma Mr be attached as having
been the head quarters of the Wheel Meg Charles I. during the
siege of Gloucester. It was at ant owderstood that Selwyn was
to have the honour of entertaining risk Majesdes and the Prin-
cesses at Maties--bot from the strict regimes which the King at
timethal observed that wan not gratified :—The Royal
Family however visited that truly delimit—which bad been
in possession of Selwyn's family hem the reign of Elisabeth, at
which period the present mansion was built by Sir Ambrose WU.
loughby, knight. They personally and psiustely Snid the
apartments' especially those which had. boss sec by the
martyred Charles, whose bed chamber is mid Si muds jest
as it was when so royally tenanted—and the upper soma to the I
left wing of the building, looking out—as well as the king's
bed-room—upon Robin's wood hill. In a stogie windowsill of
that room, which opens out of the gallery, and in which Prime
Charles, and the Duke of York, were accustomed to amass them-
wives, the young Princes had, with their knives or swords, made
several incisions—which have been recognized as theirs by me-
native traditions, and which have never yet been effaced. CM the
occasion of this Royal visit, Selwyn had prepared a costly enter•
tainnteot of which his Wustrious guests but slightly partook, sad
returned to Cheltenham at an early hoer.
Selwyn, however, was consoled under his disappointment by
knowing that there was no invidious exception in his ease;
for in all their other progresses in the vicinity, the Royal Family
partook only of the slightest refreshment' with the single excep-
tion, indeed, of their visit to the Earl of Coventry, at Croons.. Thus,
when they honoured the Earl of Bathurst with their presence at
Oakley Grove, they arrived at that enchanting seat at eleven
o'clock in the forenoon, greeted and attended on their way thither
by immense crowds of the gentry and yeomanry of the neighbour.
hood. A splendid ',past was prepared for them in the grand
breakfasting room, of which they partook, and immediately after-
wards the King mounted his " sumpter-horse"—for that phrase
was a,s usual then as in the days which " the Arcosta of the
North" has so vividly retraced; and the Queen and the Princesses
entered open landaus, and thus were they gratified by beholding
all the varied beauties which that celebrated spot presents to the
eye. For two hours did they enjoy the contemplation of
scenes, and of associations, which we might imagine Steele bad
" in his mind's eye," when, in the 510SClafer. (No. lit) be described
the " agreeable seat surrounded with so many pleasing walks,
which are struck oat of a wood, in the midst of which the house
stands, that we can hardly ever be weary of rambling from one
labyrinth of delight to another. To one used to live in a city, the
changes of the country are so exquisite, that the mind is lost in a
certain transport which raises us above ordinary If., and yet
is not strong enough to be inconsistent with tranquillity. This
state of mind was I in, ravished with the murmurs of waters, the
whisper of breezes, the singing of birds, and whether Hooked up
to the heavens, down to the earth, or turned to the prospect around
me, still struck with some new sense of pleasure." The home
scenery—the gardens—the mansion—the library and picture gal.
lery, alike pleased and charmed them; but, from Oakley, as from
Matson, they departed early, although a =uniformed dinner was
provided, and all the nobility and leading gentry of the county
invited to the banquet. Bat I have again, I fear, too far exceeded
the limit*, to which I own, os such a subject, I find it difileult to
restrict. THE MAN OF LEISURE.
Chitesehaspi, Jess. I,