Star.
London, England, 1812-05-20 00:00:00

FARIS, MAY 11.

The Prince of Neufchatel accOinpanies his Majesty
on lua journey. Marshals Monier and Beisjereshaye
also set out for the Grand Army.
. • BERLIN, MAY
His Majesty has by a Cabihet Order of the 24. th of
• April, of a commission tti be established in this
capital, to settle clay thing that relates,to thesub.
aistena and Jotiging•cf the-French and allied troops,
onehfir march. Government has entered into con-
tracts for a zensiderable numl:er of hotsei for the
hefty cavalry, light horse artillery, and baggage.,
Taiey are to be delivered here, at Glogau, Marten-
- lin, and Warsaw.
NAPLES, Arm. *4.
Yesterday, his Majesty reviewed the troops .who
form the contingent, which is to set opt for the grand
ariny of die Emperor and King.' Their were ani-
J•
pi a re: el by the best spirit, and composed of She 6tieit
yojahs.
The intelligence being spread that this review
'would speedily be followed by the departuire of the
reOments which were to have the honour of constr.
hating a part.6l the French antlies, caged to con.
soliclate the deStinies of the Continent, the battalions
who thought they were not to leave the kingdom, de.
manded the favour of marching with their brothers
in arias, and fighting by the side of.the first soldiers
in the world.
FRANKFORT, MAY 6.
His Serene Highness the Prince Viceroy of Italy
arrived here yesterday. After dining with Count
Taxtler he continued his journey.
MAy 5.
Hospitals are establishigg Marienwerder, Mo.
.
rtenburg, Elbing, and Poplin, for the French and
allied. trcops.

SEIGNITZ, MAY 1.

The battalion of velites, the grenadiers of the guard
of honour, and of the Italian guard, arrived here this
morning, as well as a detachment of infantry, forming
part of the Italian guard. The day before yesterday
arrived a'considwable convoy of waggons, laden with
biscuit, which again proceeded this morning.
A courier, dispatched by the rrince of Neufchatel,
arrived the day before yesterday, at Glogan, bringing
pn order for all the troops who compose the'4th corps
d'armee to go into cantonments until further orders,
in Lower Silesia, and to the Italian guard to return
to their forrner cantonments.
FRANKFORT, MAY 10.

- .

A part of the suite of his Majesty the ling of
Naples passed through this place to-day. •
VIENNA, MAY 2.
It is said that a corps of 20,000 men, infantry and
cavalry, will assemble in Upper Hungary, near the
Krapach mountains.
METZ, MAY 11.
An immense concourse or citizens, of all classes,
threw themselves in the way of the passage or their
Ilajestir, who: were able to read in their faces the
J • "

_ -

I.

10.

truest hpressieu of the joy which animated every I
heart. His Majesty expressed himself satisfied with
the organization and fine appearance of the Cohort
General. The illumination was spontaneous and
magnificent, and such attnight have been expeced.l

The Moniteur of the Bth of May gives a translation
of the Declaration published by the English Govetn-
ment, on the '2lst of April, to which, at certain pas-
sages, it subjoins the following Notes:
" From the time that the progressive injustice and violence of
the French Government made it impossible for his Majesty any
longer to res•rain the exercise of the rights of war within their
ordinary limits, &c."

Note I.—" To what purpose is it to talk of the ex-
ercise of the rights of war being restrained within
their ordinary limits ? Has war then any rights over
neutrals ?,--has maritime war different rights !from
war by land ? But may not the exercise of these
riglits be limited, without producing consequences de-
rogatOry to the rights of the Crown of his Britannic
Majesty ? What right does that Crown give him
over neutrals ? If the Scheldt, Holland, the Hanse
Towns, amg the greater part of the coast of the con-
tinent of Europe, have lleen united to France, the
British Crown has certainly a right to trsat as ene-
mies those countries and their coasts, because they
hive become enemies ; but what right can it claim
to act with hostility against the commerce, vessels,
property, and sovereignty of the United States ? Be-
cause France has conquered Belgium, the exercise of
the rights of war cannot be rettrained within its ordi.
nary limits with respect to America ! What singu-
lar logic !
Tho:e measures whic,ll the conduct of the enemy rendered
unavoidable, bis Majesty has at all times professed his readiness
to revoke, as won as the decrees of the enemy, which gave occa-
sion to them, shall be formally and unconditionally repealed, and
the commerce of neutral nations restored to its accustomed course."
Note 2.—" The notes of Mr. Foster to the Govern-
mcr,t of the United states sufEciew4/ explain what
England means by the commerce of neutral nations
beiiq restored to its accustomed con rse. restore
the 'comnfterce of neutral nations to its accustomed
course, it will be neccairy to destroy the manufac-
tures of sugar from beg-root ; to root up the woad
which is to furnish the Continent with indigenous in-
digo ; to prohibit the culture of cotton, and those
numerous Manufactures which will replace the pro-
duce of English industry, and which have made such
' a rapid progress in France, in Austria, in Saxony,
and in Italy. England must be allowed to protect
by her tariffs the produce of her cultivation and in-
dustry ; and while she lays a duty of 260 per cent.
on the wines of France, and 50 per cent. on-the linens;
while she prohibits silks and linens, France must re-.
ceive the spun cotton, hardware, hosiery, printed-
linens, clot), , and kersimeres of England, and not lay
a greater duty than from five to ten per cent.. Then
will commerce be testored to its accustomed owner.
'Them is what the English Government meant, as
has been perfectly explained by the notes of Mr. Fos-
ter, to which the American MinisteT has replied with
I as Much &toners as talent.

61 When the argum ants of Mr. Monroe, hitherto
,
victorious, shall have beep refuted, we shall see what
is requlred to give the preponderance to the. sound
Clothing of the American Ministei-. In demanding
that the commerce of neutrals shall be restored to its
accustomed course, England means that she will'
mare use of neutrals to influence, by their means, the
municipal, tariff of her enemy—that the neutrals stall
oblige France to receive English merchandise, and
lend their support to England, to enable her to add
the universal sovereignty of the land to that of the
sea. The answers of Mr. Monroe to this singular
Claim have such a character of strength and truth
that we can add nothing to ahem.
" The fundamental principle of the rights of neu-
trals, is, thin the flag covers tligoods. It resulu from
this 'principle, that. English
..merchandite under the
American 'Hag, is ~...nictican : but it-does not folksy
that English merchandise, become American under
the American flog, acquires-other tights than Ame-
rican merchandise itself. how American met than.
dize is subject to the legislition of the-custorni is
France, ju thb same manner as French merchandise
is subject' to the legislation of the customs in Ame.
Topretend that English merchandise, because,.
it is under an Arne' lean ceases be be subject to
the legislation of the French customs, is to advance
an untenable claim. We arc entitled to treat English
derchindize, become 'American, as French merchan.
dize is treated in London. There merchandises are
subjected 'to the laws of the two countries ; but as
rultg as they are on the seas, they participate In the
independence of the flag that castles them, and they
cannot be subjected to-the legislation of any authori
whatever. England has a right nisito'receive French
merchand.Se,n hich the American flag renders Ame-
rican ; but she has not a right to prevent a vessel of
the United States to traverse the seas with such or
such 'merchandise, because the neutral fiat covers
the merchandise, and war cannot give any right
whatever to a power over neutral's."

" At a subfequent period of the mar, his Majesty, availing
himself of the then situation of Europe, &c."
Note 3.--,6 All the words of this paragraph excite
indignation. Was it in Great Britain, in her posses-
sions, in her rivers, that neutrals were to submit to
the decrees of St. Jaines's ? No : it was upon the
ocean ! The ocean then.belongito the British Crown,
since she has subjected it to her laws ; because the
vessels which traverse it must obey her Decrees of
Council. Where is the act—where is the authority
which Las conceded the ocean to England ? We have
heard of such pretensions being laid to inclosed seas,
such as the Black Sea and the Baltic ; but, till the
present day, we never heard that the ocean, like the
Thames, belonged to England, and that the ships of,
.the whole world -were subject to -her regulations, to
her restrictions, as if they carried the English flag.
Any power that has not lost, renounced all sense of
her own destiny, will not submit to 'this pretension.
It would most cereainly.be better to declare the King
of England universal Sovereign." ' •
.. " The Ordersih Council of the month of Apri.1,1809," Dec.
Note 4.--,, It is very just that all the countries in-
corporated with France, or of which she is in posses-
sion by the presence of her armies, should-be neated
as enemies by England. These countries' cannot be
neutral towards her. But 'what has this iftcontestible
right to 'do' with the C.:Ottomans—the Aniericans2—
Is Turker.-is America an integral part of France'?
, _ •

....

-Are thLrgenpied by her troops ? One cannot ion-
ceive what motive has led to a declaration, every line
of which demonstrates the monstrous absurdity of the
pretensions of England, and the injustice of hercause."

" The United States of America net:ertbeless remained die.
satisfied, fice." _ _

Not; 5.—“ The Berlin and Milan Decrees have
been solemnly revoked in respect to Amnion, with-
out clauses or restrictions, which is proved, Ist, by
the letter of the Grand Judge, dated November 2,
1810; 2d, by the letter from the Minister of Finance
of the same day ;. 3d, by the Decree of the 28th of
lApril, 1811. The effects followed the revocation,
land the ships seized in consequence of the Berlin and
Milan Decrees were released. The motives for this
revocation and its execution are known throughout
all Europe. The notes printed by Mr. Pinkeney and
Mr. Monroe, have repelled with equal force and
logic the unjust system of England. The Legislature
of the United States has interdicted English com-
merce, the coasts have been armed, and the country-
men sofa Washington, animated with his spirit, are
indignant it the yoke of lead which England wishes
to throw over them, and have shewn themselves
ready, by force of arms, to support their rights.--
From this moment they were no longer in a situation
which allowed the Berlin and Milan Decrees to be
applicable."
64 That tho enemy has at loath hid aside all ditsimulation."

Note 6.—" That is false.; there is not a single er.
ample to prove that these decrees continued to be in
vigour, unless that crowd of vessels, which, leaving
London, laden on English account, and furnished
with fake papers, appeared in the Baltic under the
flag of the United States, are to be considered as
Americans. These ships had nothing in common
with America, who disowns all vessels sailing under
an English convoy, taking orders from an English
Commandant. The flag of a convoy is naturally that
of tile Commander who conducts and convoys if."
" By these and other demands, atc."

Note 17.—.4 What, then, are those natural and in-
comestible rights which maritime war affords over
neutrals? Are not neutrals excepted from the right
of war ? Is not then the ocean their common pro-
perty I No, the ocean belongs to the English ;it is
equally English as the Thames. Such are the rights
which the Cabinet of London calls natural, incon-
testable. Such is the-principle upon which the de-Icla7ation of the English Government stands."
Note B.—" This antithesis is not exact: according
to the principles of the treaty of Utreeht, of the arm-
ed neutrality, and of all the treaties which constituted
the public right of Europe to 1806, the ships of all',
neutral nations could securely cross the ocean with
all the produce and manufactures which were not
contraband. If the produce of the soil and mann-
factares of England is excluded from countries occu-
pied by France, in a similar manner the produce of
the soil and manufactures of France is excluded firm
those countries to which the power and arms of Eng-
land extend; French goods are prohibited in the Eng-
lish colonies, and English goods are prohibited in
France. This has nothing to do with the maritime
rights. The right of neutrals is not the right to con•
travene the Custom-house laws of the people with
whom they trade. If neutrals carry silks to Eng-
land, they are not received: if stuffs or English cot-
ton is brought to France, it is not received : when
they are upon the French. or English territory they
are subject to the custom laws : they must conform
to the right of the territory and laws of the sove-
reignty ; but when upon the ocean, they are, if one
may be so allowed to express himself, upon a terri-
tory which belongs to all, and the sovereignty of
which belongs to no.one. But England dictates and
executes her laws upon the ocean. She declares,
tllerefore, tar the ocean belongs to her. Are not
crimes committed upon the ocean judged in West
minster, as if they had been committed in the
suburbs of London ? Let us not despair of seeing
the English system completed by the promulgation of
this new law, which would be neither worse conceived
nor More unjust than the_Orders in Council."

" Such wellse demands to which the English Government, &c."

Note: 9 and 10.—" We ask ourselves whom Eng-
land, in using sucb reasoaing, wishes to convince ? Is
it Cabiaiets ? but they know all the. treaties which
relate to the sovereignty and independence of nations.
Is it the Americans ?--but they cannot succeed in
making enlightened men, who have r'plied to the
English Ministers with a superiority of talent equal
to the soundness of their cause, adopt such false
principles. •

•
46 We must repeat even to society the same an-
swers, because the same reasoning is incessantly re-
pea.ted. France exclndes from her territory every ,
thing English, for the same reason that England es-,
clu&s from her territory every thing French. But
the ocean is not the English territory. England has
the inconteslible right of not considering as neutral,j
countries subject to the power and laws of France;
as France has a right not to consider as neutral,'
countries subject to the power and laws of England.
But what have these aiutent, natural, incontestible
principles to do in common with the rights of flags
truly neutral which navigate the ocean How eau
they. be applied to the Ottomani, the Americans,,
whose territories are not occupied by France, and'
who are not subject to her laws ? England in her
moderation opposes but a single principle to these
principles ; that is, she regards herself as proprietor,
mistress, and sovereign of ocean,"

" The pretext fur these extravagant demands, dte."

Note 11.—a The ankles of the peace of Utrecht,
to which almost all the maritime powers, viz. France,
England, Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Holland, 4tc.
agreed, were from that period considered as the basis
of the rights of nations, for European nations. They
were founded upon the same principles as the
prioipal anterior treaties; particularly the treaty of
1650, between Spain and Holland ; the treaty of 1654,
6etween England and Portugal; that of 1665, be-
tween France and England ; she treaty of the Pjre-
nees, concluded in 1657, between France and Spain;
the treaty 61'1667, between Spain and England;
' treaty of 1668, between England and Holland; that
of 1674, between Spain and Holland ; that of 1671,
between England and France. The treaty. of Utricht
really became the code by which the laws of all the
maritime nations of Europe were confirthed. Irser"-
ee4 as the bisis of Xll posterior treaties; to that of
1713;1;oetweers France and Denmark; of 1714, be-
tween Spain And fialiodi of 17251 between Spain

.

•
and the German Empire; of 1734, between End
and Russia; of 1739, between France and Denmark ;
of 1.740, between England and Sweden; of 1742, be.
tween Sweden and Dennurk, and Denmark and Spain;
of 1748, between Denmark and Naples; of 1752, be.
tween Naples and Holland; of 1756, between Naples
and Geneva; of 1766, between England and Sweden.
of 1778, between France and the United States; ee
1780, for an armed neutrality between Russia, Sae.
den, Denmark, and Holland ; of 1788, between
England 4n4 Sweden ; nnd the same year between
England and France, between Russia and the Otto. •
man Porte, between Sweden and the United States;
of 1781., between Austria and Russia; of 1785, be.
tween France and Holland, between England and
Prussia; of 17SG, between France and England; of
1800, between France and the United States.
•' The treaty of Utrecht, founded on anterior tree.
ties, consecrated by all subsequent treaties, preeeseei,
in a solemn manner the principle constantly adopt
by all the States of Europe, is justly considered as tbik
common law of nations."
" To wee /crate a result so advantageous to bath countries," Az
4' We leave to the Americans to appreciate this pe.
ragraph. The Betlin and Milan Decrees hare beet
revoked with respect to them, really and without se:
striction' by the Decree of the ,28th of April, 18111
because the United States are in declared hostility et
the British Oiders in Cour i:;1 pf 1806,1807, and 111*
These otaer.l, which have been produced is
delirium of ambition, meet have for their consequato
The ruin of Eaglanil—their revocation will be
cially useful. ' We have been ne'reason to be solid.
tons fur it.; but we have much reams to thank sin.
Icercly those who issued them. They thought to kr,
a profit of five or six hundred millions on this cm.
s4mption of all Europa; and they have hit their com.
merce, and destroyed their industry, while the Was.
try of the Continent ha's made the most rapid pro.
giess. The effects of the British Orders in Council
have been to excite an emulatipn far beyond,alu;
could have been foreseen.

France, the Grand Duchy of Berg, Saxony, anti
Austria, have manufactured all that the English ma.
nufactured, and have brought their pToducts co a pet.
fccticn which equals, and sometimes even sum%
that of England. But it is not only to the indastry
of the Continent that the British Orders in Council
have been profitable.—several of the commodities en-
known before the discovery ef America, of which Eus
rope stands in need, and which were thought to be
the exclusive produce of the other hemisphere, hart
been discovered in indigenous substances.

• ss Indigo from woad supplies Ike place, at achaper
rate, of American indigo: Beet-root will be to the
North what the sugar-cane was to the South. Euro-
peans will no longer have to gb and vegetate undo
burning climates, or expose themselves to die of the
yellow-fever. The Continent, enclosed with sew
riches, has freed itself from the tribute which it paid
to English commerce. The impulse has been give.
by the British Orders in Council, and the progress
has been rapid. if it is not stopped, Europe will
soon have no longer need for the commerce and in-
durry of England ; and what will then become of
that scaffoldage of English finances ? What shall
supply funds for the annual loans of 500 millions,
without which the public service cannot go on ?--;
What will become of that system which discredit has
already almost extinguished, and that immense poi%
1;c debt, which absorbs more than half of theregulsr.
revenue of England in times ofpeace and proTerityi
" But if st any time hereafter,"
Note-13.—"t The autfiOr of the declaration par.
posely forgets the proclamation of blockade uponpa•
per, -notified 16th May, 1806, by Mr. Fox to Mr.
Monroe, and afterwards renewed every three months.
It was in reprisals for this declaration, whieh bloc.
kaded whole coasts, that on the 21st of November
following was issued the Berlin Decree, which de-
clared the British Isles in a state of blockade. If Ecg-
, land revokes her declaration of the 16th of May, the
decree issued at Berlin on the 21st of November,
1806, which was but an act of reprisal, will be MO*
ked as a matter of course. If the 'English Govern.
!Milt revoke their Orders in Council of the Ilth of
*::overnber, 1807, the decree issued at Milan tie 17dt
of December following, which was but an act of re.
prisals for the Orders of Council, will be evoked if
`course.

is The new declaration of.the English rimmed
is supported by false assertions and false reasookgsi
it is contrary to sense ; it is all pretence to endeavor
to raise doubts relative to the avocation tithe
lin and Milan decrees in respect to Mimic's kilo
been solemnly pronounced. France has not nallid
till the British Orders in Council were revoked, 1D
revoke her decrees ; because America, by annals-11
with prohibition English commerce, has supports'
with &Omen rights equally important to her as kt
political constitution and independence. In *MA
would be better for the United States to, deckle
themselves subjects of Great Britain, renounce dot
existence as a nation, which has cost them so NM
blood, and so many herefic actions, and become,*
pendent upon England, like Jamaica, as theO the w
terests of its inhabitants would have thermal.'
of civil laws rather than the acknowkdging of Onkel
in Council, which are a true uniting of the empisoll
the ocean to the crown of England. •
41 When the Berlin and Milan Dectem we.lo
yoked in respect to America, did England 'Mob
her Orders of Council of 1807 and 1809 ? Hate
oven revoked them, she would have done nag*
Unless she had at the same time revoked the decloMeiee
of the blockade upon paper of the 16th of May, 10161-
kr it England can. declare a whole coast in a sue
of blockade, she may place in a state Of bkibar,
entire Europe, and drive all neutral ships int 0.11.4
ports ; without the revocation of the blockaee
1806, that of the Orders in Council of 1907 ED'W
1809 would be illusory. This Proposition has
'demonstrated to a certainty in the notes, ip
ibe American Ministers. skilful ia defending
tiehts, have carried their force or reasoning ro,___lP"
Itavatiori of character which denotes a good elk"
What FrAnie has done for America,
'thy Acts of 1806, 1807, and 1809, hive
Itioher4 she it willing to do fur any other
rya& Let. England hvoke hei new legi
ikieltade and her Orders in Council, and theßrit
mad Milan Decries will he annulled, a'nd alt now
Ousted in France as they were previous to
011it-Watr.ii •

J