Star.
London, England, 1831-01-13 00:00:00

STATE OF PARTIES IN JANUARY 1831.

We may usefully, as cool lookers-on, describe the pre-
sent state of PARTIES in England. They present some-
what of a Babylonish variety, but the analysis of them is
more than matter of mere curiosity.
Previous to the Revolution, the people were divided into
Thou and Low CHI/nen, in an ecclesiastical sense; and
into TORIES and Winos in a political sense. The High
Church and the Tories were one party, and the Low Church
and the Whigs another. The former were the episcopalians
and aristocracy, with their dependants and flatterers ; and
the latter, the diesenters and free-thinkers, composed of those
of the commons who were not connected with the other party.
King James offended the Protestant Episcopacy, and these
with some nobles, joined the commons and effected the
Revolution.

But since that time, the spread of knowledge, and the rise
of new interests have broken the old lines of demarcation,
and in certain respects the country may now be divided into
the LANDED, the COMMERCIAL, and the MONETARY
Interests, Mended but separate; and the two hat have grown
into importance since the creation of paper money,land the
extension of the funding system.
Again, the spread of knowledge has created another great
distinction, in the party of the LI BEKALII and Fnan-In-
gluttons, as opposed to those who consider knowledge and
inquiry dangerous beyond a limit, which each individual
usually prescribes by his own intelligence. Out of thees
have grown the REFORMERS and the ANTI-REFORMERS,
and these two great classes are subdivisions of the Landed,
Conostrcial, and Monetary Interests.

But while knowledge has been progressing, a subtle in-
fluence of another kind;has b converting a large propor•
Lion of the people to matitunrsat, and given an unfore-
seen preponderance to the Low Church Party, still farther
augmented by an indefinite lac:ease of dissenters, chiefly
UNITARIANS, who combine the largest commercial, and
perhaps the largest monetary interests in the country. The
landed interest, and a certain proportion of the others, are
still attached to the Episcopalian Church; but it is not to
be concealed, that, since the days of WESLEY and Pni esT-
LLY, the majority of the nation have become what is called
low church. These patties divide the liberals, but they
utterly differ on all points connected with the in•
terests and emoluments of the CHURCII EST ABI.I S I I-
MENT. They also divide the Reformers, though a great
majority of these belong to the Low Church.
Then the Landed Interest desire high-priced produce and
cheap manufactures; the Commercial, cheap produce and
high-priced manufactures; while both require an abundant
currency. But the monetary Interest oppose an increase of
currency as depreciating the value of their capitals, and I heir
power of absorbing the profits of the other classes ; whi!o
those have been the dupes of Ricardo, and a party nick-
named sconoacirrs, and surrendering their power of :mann-
modeling currency to wants, have thrown themselves upon
the avarice of the CAPITALISTS.

The Reformers include all the Liberals of high and low
church, who do not directly profit by an unreformed syste“,,
or whose power does not depend ou rotten hmougl:, ;
the anti-reformers are these last, and a numerous p ty

of non-inquiring, who eat, drink, and sleep, and coa•ider
tlioAe animal gratifications as the object and end of ex-
istence.

Among the reformers, too, there are those who sek
the mere extinction of the Rotten Boroughs, and the trans
fer of their franchise to more efficient muses of the po-
pulation; others who call for a new sub-division of the
kingdom, and desire that every member should be re-
turned by nearly equal numbers of HOUSEHOLDERS; while
others claim UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE, and assert that every
consumer of taxable commodities should be entitled to vote.
These parties are again subdivided into those who claim
Annual or Triennial Election, and who insist on the BA 1.1.wr
as indispensable to purity and independence, and those who
contend that the people are independent enough to give their
votes openly.
Besides these several classes,, there are also three great
parties in the RICH, the MIDDLING CLASSES, and the
Pooa,which latter, we blush to say, include nearly all the la-
bouring and artisan classes. Tor labour being the 13.4 t te-m
in the series of wealth, has been made the victim of all

monetary changes and financial operations. Wealth b. 14
been able to shift and evade, but many of the middling cla
have been manmuvred into poverty, and poverty has had 1.3
ultimate resource, but in the legal assessments on the rie:,.
Then there are NATIONAL parties and COLONIAL parties:
TAX PATERS and TAX RECEIVERS ; MONOPOLISTS
ANTI-MONOPOLISTS. An IRISH PARTY, who claim a
local Legislature—a Scotch party, who claim exemption
from the laws which affect the currency of England and
Wales—an ANTI EAST INDIA COMPANY party, who
claim free trade to the whole of the East—a WEST INDIAN
party, who claim indemnity for the regulation and extinction
of Slavery. TAX PAYERS, who desire to shift the burden
from one to another—and TAX Etc xi %miss, who exult in
the stability of the revenue, whoever are the payers. A
FREE TRADE party, who assert a principle without the
power of assuring reciprocity—and a party who, OPPOSING
free trade without reciprocity, maintain that our do-
mestic products ought to be protected. Above all,
we have a Coax-Btu. PARTY, in Landowners who desire
high rents from large Farmers, to enable them to pay taxes
and enjoy equal incomes; and a CORN FREE TRADE Party,
among the manufacturers and the poor, who regard a tax
on Bread as an unsufferable evil, and an impediment to
commerce among nations so whom Corn is the staple of
exchange.
The small parties within the state, of the ins and outs, re-
semble the ups and downs in the children's game of see-sow.
It makes no real difference to the fulcrum of support, in thi4
case Me people, which end is sip or which is down. 'fl-ose
who are up are of course gay and uproarious, while tl.osa
who are down divert their chagrin by trying to tilt the others
over. The people in the meantime are like Enop's ass Al ith
the pair of paniers; and they would in general be worse than
asses, if they brayed with any special exultation whichever
end of the plank was up or down.
We might add to all these the parties of SELECT VESTRY-
MEN opposed to those of Parishioners and to Indigence—
the Cosanvmze—the Hurvrtvits, the BROVGNAMITRS,
the OWZNITINI, and the WELLINOTONIANS, and their
several antagonists ; and we might enlarge on the devour-
ing faction of the LAWYERS, whose hands are against all
other men, and who do not scruple even to devour a Bro-
ther; but we seem in them to have arrived at the ne plus
ultra!

Which of all these are right or wrong, and in what de-
gree, we do not stop in such a sketch to examine and deter-
mine ; but we have intended to characterise each fairly,
without expecting that any one will be influenced in his
choice of a party by our brief description.
_ _

THE KING'S COURT.

BRIGHTON, Jaw.
_I2.

Their MAJESTIES drove out yesterday for a considei able
time in a carriage and four with outriders, and returned to
the Pavilion at four o'clock.
In the forenoon the Kino gave audience to Count MUN-
STER, Sir H SEATON, Lieutenant-Colonel DRUM MON D,
end Captain WooLmoas.
Prince LEOPOLD rode on horseback, and subsequently
walked on the Stein* and cliffs.

THE ARMY.

The 17th Lancers have comenTscod reataidag in Limerick, and
are very soomeaful.
Friday meowing Major-oes. Sir Geo. Bingham left Cork to inspect
the Toomananaetfileingoiiishannoa, Bantry, Killarney, Dingle, Valetas,
and count
Capt. Skinner's troop of the King's Dragoon Guards left Clenmel
on Surday, for Krocktopher, county Kilkenny. where a tumultuous
assemblage was apprehended. This poop is now statiased in Klkenny
until further orders.

The Limerick Chronicle states that a new castle circular
has been issued, commanding increared vigilance regarding
gunpowder venders, gunsmiths,- &c.
The Earl and Countess of Errol took leave of their Ma-
jesties, and have returned to Bognor.
Lordand:Lady Maryborough, the Marchioness Welesley,
Miss Caton, Miss Begot, and Captain Woolmore, had the
beseur of dining with their Majestikt.
' Colonel Bodens, wbo was very corpulent, being accosted
by Major S. to whom he owed money, with a " how d'ye
dot" answered, " pretty well, I tbank you ; you find I
Mid my own." " Yee," rejoined the Major, " and mine
too, to my sorrow."
The Mexican Minister trausastedbudieess yesterday at •
the am of the Beard of Trade. • His Excellency also •
treneseted bagman it the Foreign-Mee.
Ths Ernst laiia Ccoopaay's ship, David Scott, wilted at
=as the `flat of August. The Orwell and to--
also arrived them on the 94th of the same month.
The Cat*, Huntley, was to bey. Madras for China on Os •
14th of August.

.4.

LAW REPORTS.
COURT OF iI4II"FF/CERY.
PARE T. BROOM.
The SOLICITOR Gsassai applied for directions as to the costs
in this case, in which a judgnient was given last vacation.
The LORD CMANCIRLIOR raid that he had received a letter from
she Solicitor of one of the parties :in this cause, NI 'high somethim
tike a threat had beenheld out that an appeal would be made final this
derision. He had given judgment in the cause. at a time when all the
parties were not present in Court. It happened that a cause, which
had been expected to occupy the whole day, had termituttod outlier
than was expected, and he had thought that an bout or two which then
remained of the public time could not be better employed than in gilt,
Mg his judgment in this and some other matters, according to the
custom which prevailed in the Courts of common law ; But if any elf
the Counsel in the cause-thought fit, he was prepared up give his jades
runt over again. With regard w the threat of appeal, then weer no r
thing more comfortable to his (Lord B.'s) mind, than the knowledge,
that there was a higher tribunal, where any error in his jud tintst•
be reviewed and set right. At the same time he all letters,
or private communications to aju touching a gauss before him, eh.
di
highly improper. In a suitor it might hr excusable from ignorance*
but that could not be urged for professional men. He was, however.-
willing to attribute it in this ease to an over seal for the interests of the
client. —The question of costs was ordered to stand over.
COURT OF KING'S BENCH. .1,0.111.
At the sitting of the Court this wing, William.. Aatell, Esq.
M. P. and Chairman of the East India Directors, attended, foe the
purpose of exhibiting Articles of the peace against an individual
named Kearney, who, it appears, has been for some time carrying on
a species of annoyance towards Mr. Astell, and using threatening es..
pressions, auclras " He would shoot him," (meaning Mr. A.) " He
would do for him," /lc. Ac. Mr. Astell having sworn that he went in
bodily fear, the Articles were exhibited. Kearney was some time since
taken before the Lord Mayor by Mr. Astell, when he was ordered to
find bail for his good behaviour. He is now in custody.
THE RING T. THE MATIRWAN'S COMPANY.
The ATTORNILT.GENRIAL appeared to owe a rule obtained
in the course of the last Term by Mr. Campbell, calling upon the
masters and wardens of the Waterman's Company, to show cause why
a mandamus should not issue against them, calling upon them to admit
Thomas Todd to be a freeman of their company. The learned gen-
tleman said that, in order to be enabled to claim the privilege in
question, it was necessary that the applicant should have served'
his seven years to a waterman, in full work, and that be (the
apprentice) should have rowed and worked upon the river for the
above space of time. Now it appeared, from the affidavits made against
the application, that the muter of Todd, a person named Coleman. was
in the employment of Todd's father, who was proprietor of Red Lion
Wharf, and that the oung man never officiated in the capacity of wa-
ternian, except ly for his father, Colesnau not having:a
barge or boat of his own ; and also that, although young Todd
was nominally the apprentice of Coleman, he was really the en.
vant of his father, for whom he acted in the capacity of clerk. It was
also sworn that this young man never wore a waterman's dress until the
day upon which he went to the Company's Hall to demand his free.
dom. In addition it was also necessary, as set forth by the 7th and
Bth of George IV. that the spit/mice of a trainman should
hoard and lodge with his master, or, should the master die, with his
widow, for the full term-of his apprenticeship. This had Dot been done
in the case in question. Under all these circumstances, he contended
that the apprentice Todd, net having attended strictly to the regula-
tions imposed by law, was not entitled to the privilege which he now
claimed.
Mr. Campbell. in support of the rule, contended that the writ of
mandamus should go as a matter of course, because it would not affect
the general question at issue. He had proved enough to show that be
was entitled to the writ of mandamus, when he produced the affidavit
of his client Todd, who deposed that " he bad rowed and worked upon
the river for the space of seven years. and that he was quite equal to
the care and management of a barge."
The COURT agreed that the writ of mandamus must be granted;
but in granting it they gave no opinion upon the merits of the question,
they only sent the ease to a Court for further consideration.
Mr. IVICIRTMAII moved for a rule to show cause why the Magistrates
of Cheshire should not admit to hail a surgeon named Goulding. It ap-
peared that Mr. Goulding attended a female named. Margaret Sykes,
who, after some time, died, A Coroner's Inquest was subsequently
held, and the jury returned a verdict of Manslaughter against Mr. G.
who was in consequence taken Into custody, and committed for trial by
the Magistrates above alluded to. The application mode to the Court
was grounded upon affidavits, setting forth the respectability, talent,
and experience of the gentleman in whose favour it was made.
The CounT did not think the case was one in which they were called
upon to interfere. _a

INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, Jaw. 11.

Hoffman Lake Browns, describing himself ab a " gentleman."
whose case bad been adjourned from the list of January, in order that
be might account for the mode in which be bad disposed of a sum of
3001. and his interest under his uncle's will.
From the examination of clakinsolvent it appeared, that on the death,
of his mother. in 1828. be received the third of 10,0001. part of which
be swore he had lent, part paid away, and the remainder. which
amounted to 2,0001. he lost at play" in a gambling-house in Bury-
street, St. James's in the course of the last year. Ho bad purchased
several pictures from his opposing creditors, to whom he owed 1001.
and upwards, believing at the time that they were the works of
some of the most celebrated muter., bet disposed of them shortly
afterwards at a considerable loss, having discovered that be had been
mistaken.
This day the insolvent came up by direction of the Court.
Mr. Copes said he again appeased for Mr. Johnson, picture-dealer,
Log-street, Covent-garden.
It having been stated by the attorney for the insolent. that
he had compiled with the Court's order in making the re-
quired amendments, the insolvent was examined to the following
effect :
He had bought several pictures. most of them from Mr. Johnson;
bad exchanged some with him; he did net call himself a picture-
dealer : the paintings were forced upon him : for one picture he gave
1001. He never purchased pictures at an auction; the pictures be had
of Mt. Johnsen were, .a Diana and her Nymphs."' painting of the
" Aid. brand's, Palace" and another, the subject an "Old Woman,"
by Rembrandt. He did not plume himself upon his judgment. but he
doubted whether the latter was by Rembrandt. He gave 1201. for
it. He sold the pictures to a person named Purcell, in Half- Moon-
street, Piccadilly, with the exceptiou of the Aldebrandine Palace.
which he gave back to Mr. Johnson for 501. He beard that Mr.
Johnson bad purchased this picture of Mr. Christie, in Pall-
hi all, for 951. Be had put down all his gambling debts in his
schedule.
Mr. Commissioner Hams, in adjudicating upon the cue. mid, that
inasmuch as the insolvent had suffered severely for his indiscretions,
the Court should not remand him.
After the insolvent had sworn to his schedule, be was declared en-
titled to the benefit of the act, and discharged accordingly.
Humphrey Wm. Ravenscroft. the patent wig-maker, who had been
beard on a former day, and whose case was reported at some length
came up this day for judgment.
Mr.,Commissioner Howse said, that the cue upon the original
hearing had occupied the Court for some time, and be had expressed
his opinion on the merits of it. The Learned Cotunsisslooer then pro-
ceeded to remark, that the only creditor who bad substantiated a case
of fraud was Mr. Cummins. It was true that he had paid Mr. Cum-
mins a considerable sum of money, but there was still a large amount
due to him. He was of opinion that the debt had been contracted
upon false representations, and the judgment of the Court was, that
the insolvent be remanded for a period of six calendar months from the
date of filing his petition.

CORONER'S INQUEST. I I
Tuesday afternoon an inquest was field in the Steward's-room of
Gray's Inn, before Mr. Swum sold a highly respectable Jury, upon
view of the body of Mr. Stephen Sbewell Hunt, a solicit'r of up-
wards of Pony yeas practice, who bad resided in the inn, and who died
soddenly on Saturday night last.
George Robinson stated that be was an assistant to Selby, a sheriff's
officer in Chancery-line, and had been in possession of the goods In
the chambers of the deceased, 13, Gray's Inn-square under an exe-
cution from the sheriff, since the 11th of December hit The deceased
bad been promising every day since possession was taken to settle the
demand, but had failed to do so • sod on Friday a message was brought
to bins from Selby, that the pialiitiff's attorney bad given him notice to
remove the goods and sell them unless tbodunand was paid by Satur-
day morning. When the deceased returned at night, witness told him
of the message, and he said he would see all parties the next day, and
endeavour to get farther time. He went nut early on Saturday morn-
ing, and on his return, *bout twelve o'clock at night, he seemed un-
commonly cheerful, and said. rpbbing his hands with great glee, " I
am happy to say I have settled the matter with all parties, and Mr.
Selby has been kind enough to give me the whole of Monday to pro-
cure the money, width I know I sbaU be Witco do." Witness then
banded him two letterserbids bad !Awn left for him in the course of
the day, and be Warned ose ths sad Was standing up reading
the eel/lints by a lamp. when be felr&wn•between the chair and the
table, and MOM spoke stair?. Heirtoired one deep groan, and was a
corpse. Medical aid was procured season as possible.
A Juror—Did tissArnie of his circumstances seem to distress isim?
Witness—Very much, Istkedi• I sever saw a man to anxious is
try life. •:;-
death of the atieated" to
Mr. Edward King, etergeoitesitiributetilbe
the berating of a large blood treed in or near the hart. •Assiety of,
mind was very likely to produce &issue of a yowl of thei bind.
The*Jury returned a verdict," Died by the visitation of (ion," •
The deceased was nearly 70 years of age, ail Was for many yeats
estensive.practice, which bad fallen off greatly of late.