Star.
London, England, 1809-01-31 00:00:00

FURTHER PARTICULARS.

To the above narrative we have to add, the fol-
lowing particulars :
General Anstruther died of excessive fatigue, which
brought on an inflammation of his lungs. He ex-
erted himself to the last, and when unable to mount
his horse, he said to those about him, " I am quite
done up." He was put into a carriage and conveyed
to Corunna, where he died the next day- Sir .In}'
Moore and General Anstruther were buried beside
etch other in a waste spot near Corunna. Our good
allies, the Spaniards, not suffering the remains of
heretics to pollute their consecrated grounds !
Captain Frederick J. Darby, of the 10th Dragoons,
who also died of fatigue, was buried at Corunna, but
dug up again, and interred with military honours on
Wednesday last at Falmouth.
The fleet of transports, consisting of about 250
sail, with about eight men of war, were ordered to
rendezvous at Portsmouth : but about 100 of them
put into Plymouth, and some of them are at Fal-
mouth.
Sir Samuel Hood, whose zeal in this service has
endeared him to every officer of the army, brought
home 70 officers in his own ship, the Barfleur, besides
1200 soldiers. -

Commodore Bower's arrangements of the trans-
ports at Vigo did honbur to his zeal and ability. Had
the array retreated to Vigo, instead of Corunna, the
whole might have been embarked in six hours.
About 700 French prisoners were brought home in
the fleet ; one of which, a French Colonel, dined with
Colonel Vivian on Friday in Truro, and went off on
Saturday morning for Plymouth.
The Hope transport, which arrived at Falmouth
on Friday, left Vigo on Sunday, and touched at
Corunna on Tuesday, where she wag fired upon by
the batteries. From which it appears, that the French
possessed themselves of the place as soon as our fleet
left it. They •are doubtless in possession, of Ferrol
also, with its fleet and arsenals.

• The story also of the Germans destrting, It should be stated
to their credit, is utterly false. No troops could behave b.lttcr
than they did through the otholecampatgo.

i
!,

TO THE 82D17191t On'AeV'AR.

1 ON THE PROPHeCIES.—NO. ICION.

TRIAD TRUMPET.+-PART 11.

§ IV. Of the Origia of the Clerical Body.

I

For a long time the pastors had, on every occur-
rence, been labouring to improve the respect in which
they were held tiy their flocks, and gradually widen-
ing the distance between themselves and the other
member of their assemblies. In the early ages of
Christianity, as we have seen in every thing that
reearad the discipline and general affairs of the
Church, the whole congregation had a voice ; bet,
in process of time, this was gradually taken out
of their hands, and engrossed by the Clergy—a
body absolutely unknown in the primitive times.—
In proportion as the people lost their independence, the
Clergy heightened theirclaims, and became, if pos-
sible, more assiduous in their dexterous management
of " dark sentences;" at first insinuating, and after-
wards maintaining, that in virtue of their office they
were sacred and sanctgedpersons, in a sense different
from that in which these terms could be applied to
the other members of CHRIST'S mystical body; that
tho.e who did not belong to any of the sacred orders
were by no means qualified to deliberate and judge in
holy things ; and that it was the height of sacrilegious
ucurpation for unhallowed men (comprehending under
that description the Saints and faithful in Cnol.;r Jesus,)
to arrogate any power in concerns of this nature. As
the manyt which primitively formed but oar body (1
Cor. x. 1'7.), became thus divided into TWO distinct be-
llies, the Clergy and the Laity—terms derived from
two Greek words raepos• and accoc, the former
signifying lot or inheritance, the latter people—it may
not be improper that we should here examine a little
what authority the scriptures furnish to sepport this
distinction.
Throughout the whole of the New Testament the
term Y.kr,por, as applied to persons, occurs but once,
viz. in 1 Peter v. 3. pea ws xtrecocupie:orrec rum rate-
-7111101 yoiol.ccvoi roe ireipsort, Literally ren-
dered, the passage stands thus : "not as domineering
[or lording it] over the HERITAGE., but being examples
•to the nocx." In true canonical English we should
read " not domineering over the cireor ;" but unhappi-
ly the Clergy [x?ipwv] in this passage are the very
individuals that are, not only in this verse, but also in
the preceding, denominated the Pei DeGgsmou]—
In other words, the clergy here -4. of are Laymen!
—But, perhaps, expressions may be found in the Old
Testament which may be considered as
_furnishing
something like a scripture warrant for applying this
term xavis exclusively to those whose office it
was to minister in holy things,?—Quite the contrary.
Gon is indeed, in these writings, said to be the inhe-
ritance of the Levites, because a certain portion of
the sacrifices offered to Gon was, in part, to serve
them instead of an estate in land, sech as was given
to the other tribes ; but no where is the tribe of Levi
called GOD'S inheritance, though that term is fre-
quently applied to the whole potion; as in Deut. ix. 29.
—" They are thy people and thine inheritance, which
" thou bmughtest out by thy mighty power." In the
septuagint thispassage is thus ranslated: ',perm AAO2
•a xat K ABPOI co us strlyarr EX yris Aryerre SY
17XVI re rr, p.eyaioj. Here the X&Of and the rawer are
the same persons—the laity are the clergy, and the
clergy are the laity ! t
Singular as it may appear that the wolves of whom
PauL prophesied (Acts xx. 29.) should have made
such an unhappy selection of names to distinguish
between themselves and those of whom they made a
prey, it is by no means difficult to be accounted for.
The Bishops were so extremely anxious for the welfare
of their respective flocks, and so much wiser than the
Apostles, that in a short time after the death of the
latter, they relieved the Deacons from the trouble of
managing the Church's funds, and took all this labour
upon themselves. Unexampled kindness ! The
church's bounty might have been misapplied, if left
in the hands of men who were comparatively ignorant
and ill-informed, but in the hands of men of such ex-
emplary sanctity and holiness, as the Pastors, no such
danger was to be apprehended. The Bishops still
continued to enfofce the duty of liberality, but now
the motive was altered. The Rinds had gradually be-
come their own property, but still they employed the
same language in their exhortations as they had always
• done, beseeching those whom they addressed, to be
bountiful to Goo's xi.-e,pc,;. Every philologist knows
that words change their primitive signification insen-
sibly, when associated with ideas with which they had
originally no connexion, till at length they acquire au
entirely new meaniag. This is exactly what took
place in this instance. The pastors were continually
enforcing the duty of liberality to GOD'S clergy, that
is GOD'S inheritance ; and it followed as a matter of
coarse, ilea those to whose use the donations were
applied were meant by the term employed. The two
ideas were so naturally connected with each other,
that they could not be separated—those for whose
benefit the money was collected were the clergy—those
who applied it to their own use received the benefit
—and as the people [Altos the laity] in process of time
were entirely excluded from participating in the fruits
of their own bounty, they ceased of course to be a
part of the clergy.

In a manner somewhat similar the word EXXViOIa
[church] was at length also peculiarly applied to
those who had made it a property ; and hence, in
violation of all propriety of speech, they were exclu-
sively denominated ecclesiastics and churchmen ; names
which only mean, persons belonging to the &Alia or
church, and which consequently inclinae every mem-
ber of the chnrch or congregation. With as much
propriety might the pastors have appropriated to
themselves the appellation xpirtavoi, or termed a new
name from ,puts, and called themselves exclusively
wicirm, denying to the other members of the ecdesia
the privilege of being called by the name of CURIST :
but this would have been a most unprofitable appro.
priation, for had they allowed none to be chris-
tians but their own body, whence could they have
derived their emoluments ? This would have been at
once to dry «p every settee of revenue—but the
greater the numbers of christians, the greater the
contribution that could be levied from them, and
hence the zeal of those who fleeced the flock, to add

• rani fn, in the plural in classical Language, signifies wealth,
or ssss Geoilcs translates the passage •s orannidens
r. crisis in cats e Christian...us ; a sense which has generally been
followed.
t See Deut. tr. 20 ; also Caulpb cll't Dissertations.

to it as many as possible, no matter what their chal
ratter and conversatic n,under that name, till at length
the whole body became infected and foul, bearing
only gall and wormwood.
But this evil did not come to its height till tht /to-
mar. power, which hindered the revelation of the Man
of Sid in the days of the Apostles, was taken out of
the way (2 Thess. ii. 7.). Those who were determi-
ned to yield obedience to the laws of CHRIST had still
power to separate themselves from these corruptcom-
munions, and to organize themselves after the mo-
del of the primitive congregations ; but as many as
had recourse to this expedient infallibly found that
" all that godly in Cssalsr Jaws shall seer per-
secution"
.(2 Tina. iii. 12). They were stigmatized
as schismatics and heretics by the corrupt teachers,
who by every secession of this kind lost a portion of
their gains ; said their bitterest enemies were those,
who, calling themselves Christians, ought to have
pled inbeholding their order and the stedfartness of their
faith in Christ (Col. ii. 5). The orthodox, another
term appropriated to themselves and their adherents
by these corrupters of the truth, and which, with
churchmen, always means those who believe, or
profess to believe, what they command them, never
failed to circulate calumnious writings against all
who dared to dissent from their unscriptural doctrines
and practices. These attacks sometimes produced
replies—and as often as they did, the strongest, not in
argument, but in power and influence, were sure to
gain the victory. In the first ages these controversies
were chiefly carried on in Greek, a language admit-
ting of an almost infinite number of derivatives and
compounds, expressing shades of difference in signi-
fication, of which no other language is susceptible.
The smallest slip or inaccuracy in the choice of an
expression was an error in the faith, and in process of
tin, • a heresy
.( when that word acquired its ecclesiasti-
cal signification) ; and any attempt to explain only
exposed the individual to the danger of erring still
more damnably. If the Assenter, however, had, en
any occasion, the better of the argument, (which, rag-
s happily for the peace of the church, was the case as often
as fie had the Scriptures on his side, and was careful
not to entangle himself in the logical subtilties thrown
out for him by his adversaries)- his defeat was not,that
less certain on that account. Corruption had now
become so general, that those who fattened by it, with
unblushing effrontery supported each other in over:
whelming every person who dared to attack one of
their sacred order.
In the primitive ages, it was not unusual for any
particular congregation to ask for the brotherly ad-
vice and assistance of the neighbouring congrega-
tions, when any case of difficulty arose among them.
The request went from the whole body, and the an-
swer, as was the case when the church at Jerusalem
wrote to the church atAntioch respecting circumcision
(Acts xv.), was returned by the whole of the bre-
thren whose advice had been solicited. By degrees
the brethren were excluded from any share in this
correspondence, and the bishops took upon themselves
to dictate for their respective congregations. The in-
terference of neighbouring congregations in each
other's affairs was not, however, confined to asking
or giving advice by letter : the presbyters, accom-
panied by delegates from among the other members,
used sometimes to meet at any convenient place.
These meetings [Synods] at length became regular :
the Bishops never failed to attend them ; but it was
not so with the other' members, and when any of
them did attend, they were not always the same per.'
sons who had been at former meetings. The busi-
ness of course was at last wholly managed by the
clergy, and in process of time the laity were entirely
excluded. The clergy having thus established synods,
composed of their own order, had no longer any thing
to fear from their respective congregations, and,
when any question came before them, their only ob-
ject was how they might best suit the decision to the
interest of their own body. When matters had once
been brought to this state, is it a subject of wonder
that the dissenting layman should invariably be found
in the wrong in every case, excepting only when the
opinions he maintained were of such a nature that
they could, by a little dexterou s management, be
made subservient to the usurpations of ecclesiastics
.711BLICVS.

•

.

LATE muiv.Dxiazir.

The Earl of DARTMOUTH left Windsor on Sunday
morning for London, but was obliged to return, owing
to the flooded state of the roads. Several pasts of the
wall round Windsor Little Park have been carried
away by the floods.
It is a remarkable circumstance, that while the Ra-
vensburne rose to such a height as to carry away part
,of the bridges at Lewisham and Deptford, the Wandle
River, which has its source within a hundred yards of
the Ravensburne, did not in the late inundation over-
flow its banks, nor do the least damage. The Addis:
combe Brook, which has its source at the late Earl of
Liverpool's, and which runs into the Wandle below
Merton, rose ten feet perpendicular height and laid
Tooting underwater. From that junction it swelled the
Wandle.
OWing to the sudden thaw on Wednesday morning,
the whole of the lower part of Bristol was completely
inundated.—The water extended through Rosemary-
lane, Merchant-street, and in many places exceeded
four feet in depth. The fresh in the river was so sud-
den and furious, that it drove two trows against the
butresses of the tempotaiy wooden bridge, between
Clare street and St. Augustin's back, and forced 'it
down with a tremendous crash. Fortunately it was per-
ceived to be in danger, which gave an opportunity to
the passengers and spectators to escape. One of the,
trows is sunk in the river, and the rigging and cargo of
the other much damaged.
The mails from London due at Plymouth on Fri-
day, owing *to the breaking down of several bridges,.
and the flooding of the roads to the eastward, did not
arrive until the following day. The damage done in
that country is estimated at £30,000. One bridge,
near Honiton, is entirely washed away, which cost se-
veral thousand pounds in erecting some months since.
On Saturday night, as the Exeter snail was on its
way from London, near Staines, the coachman en-
ileavoured to avoid a part of the road where he knew
the waters were out ; in doing which, he got inttints.,
other part that had flooded since he was these, +Wail
proved worse than the other, and the water was eel
deep that the coach floated and the hones swam.—
The toach was suddenly overturned, and the coach-
man and guard thravn td a considerable distance.

pitsengers were got out after considerable difn-1
culty ; the horses were disengaged from the coach ;1
e bags of letters sustained but little injury, and
were conveyed in a post-chaise, accompanied by alio-
' er post-chaise with the passengers. The coach
ould not be got out. The whole country round is
in the most distressing state ; it is covered with water
from Chertsey to Maidenhead. In general the water
runs in torrents as high as the parlour windows.—
Numbers of poor inhabitants have nearly lost all their
property, which has been carried away in the streams;
and, in addition to-thOir distress, occasioned by this
cause, the country is in such a state that no work can
be done ; many cannot get out of their houses to pur-
chase food, and what they do procure is put in at
their one pair of stairs window. The lower part of
Egham is under water, and impassable.
A letter from Salisbury says, 44 The inundation in
this city and neighbourhood, in consequence of the
rapid thaw, has been deeper than at any period
since the year 1774 ; but no accident Of a very
calamitous nature has come to our knowledge. Far-
mer White, of West Harnham, has sustained a loss
by the water running into his barn, and carrying off
and damaging a large quantity of wheat ; and many
of the houses in the vliage had the water a conside-
rable depth on the ground floor. The street of Fi'
sherton Anger was Inundated, between the two
bridges to the depth of 18 inches ; the inhabitants re-
moved up stairs, and carts were employed in the con-
veyance of those who quitted their houses. Two
houses on-the south side of the Close of Sarum, had
the water a foot.deep on the ground floor, and the
cellars in the Close were generally filled with water.
In,Wilton, Downton, Fordingbridge, &c. the inhabi-
tants of several houses were obliged to take up their
abode above stairs, from the water bursting into the
ground-floors.
Kingston-on-Thames was on Sunday so completely
inundated as to render it impassable by carriages of
any description, and the inhabitants were punted to
and from their residences. All the houses and offices
next the Thames were approachable only by boats,
and at Hampton Wick, Thames -Ditto% Walton,
and Sunbury, many cottages and buildings on the
banks of the Thames were washed from their foun-
dations. Much damage has already been caused to
the residents in that neighbourhood, whose ground
and basement floors are rendered useless by their
being under water • and those inhabitants who had
occasion to mmove'from their houses were under the
rabsohne necessity of descending by ladders from their
upper stories into boats or punts. The flood conti-
nued ,to rise all next day, and excited very general
alarm in the town. The approach to the Griffin was
only by beats.
The inhabitants of Edmonton and Tottenham have
suffered severely by the late floods. The chief da-
mage, however, is in the former place. Mr. Deason's
house stands considerably elevated over an arch of
the river Mosell. About eleven o'clock on Wednes-
day morning the river filled the arch, and rose ra-
pidly, till it forced down two large garden walls—
The fall alarmed the neighbourhood, and the house
itself being now exposed to the whole force of the
stream, the family, who had retired up stairs from the
water, were obliged to seek a place of safety-through
a deep and rapid current. The north road was soon
filled'with water for upwards of a mile. The flood
began to subside about ten o'clock at night, and the
next morning was much abated ; but during the day
it rose almost to its former height in Tottenham, and
something higher in Edmonton. We understand
that this unusual visitation proceeded in a great de-
gree from the overflow of the New River.
READING, JAN. 28.—The sudden thaw has produ-
ced effects in this town and the roads in the neigh-
bourhood, which have been scarcely paralleled at any
former period. The water produced by the melting
of a vast body of snow has rendered some of the roads
quite impassable, and the torrents which have thus
been caused have done very considerable damage.—
At Twyford three bridges are so much damaged as
to be rendered totally impassable, and the mail and
other coaches are under the necessity of taking the
circuitous route of Henley, a distance of five miles,
on their journey to and from the metropolis. The.
workshops of Mr. Phelp, coachmaker, adjoining the
High Bridge, in this town, were undermined by the
current, and nearly the whole destroyed ; the damage
is estimated at near 3001. Mr. Dyson, who lives
near the Seven Bridges, had a pig-stye and two very
fine pigs washed away on Wednesday night ' • and
Mr. Byles of Aldermaston lost three pigs by the
flood the same evening. At Mapledurham the Weir
is destroyed, and damage done to a considerable
amount. The water is upwards of four feet deep in
the village of Pangbourn, and many other places are
so much inundated, that many of the inhabitants are
under the necessity of getting in and out of their one
pair of stairs windows, but we are happy to state that
we have not heard of any lives being lost. At Shil-
lingford Bridge a gentleman lost his horse, valued at
30 guineas, in attempting to pass over. '

ECCLESIASTICAL PROMO 110 N.
His Grace the" Archbishop of Canterbury has been pleased to
present the Rev. Thomas Dunham Whitaker, L.L.D. to the Vi-
carage of Whalley, in Lancashire; the History of which (pub-
lished some years, ago) he wrote with distinguished ability.

BIRTH.
On the 21st inst. at Rowden-hill, near Bath, the Lady of the
Rev. J. Surtees, of a son.

MARRIED.
On the 4th inst. at Killalarthe Rev. W. Burrows, M. A. to
Miss Stock, eldest daughter of the Bishop of Kißala.

DIED.
Saturday, in Camden-place, Bath, aged 60, Mrs. Hill, relict
of Rowley Hill, Esq. of Mount-Hill, county Armagh, Ireland.
On Tuesday, the 24th inst. Richard Chambers, Esq. of
Whit-
borne-court, in the bounty of Hereford, aged 61.
On the 15th inst. at Hexham, aged 57, the Rte. Mr. Fleming,
M. A. Curate of Heabam, and Master of the Free Grammar
School at Haydon-bridge.
Saturday se'nnight, at his seat at Portswood, near Southamp-
ton, Lieutenant-General Stibbert, formerly Gouunander-in-Chief
of the East India Company's forces in Bengal.
I ,On Monday se'nnight, at Marlborough-house, Weston, near
Bath, Mrs. Browne, widow of the Rev. Francis Browne, late
Dean of Elpbin, and nephew to the lite Mrs. La Touche. This
lady had been deprived of the use of her limbs for near twelve
years.
At Dublin, aged 0, Mr. John Lucas, printer, nephew of the
late Doctor Lucas.
On the Wild Inst. on board the Mary transport, on his passage
home from Coronas, Lieut.-Colonel Symes, of his Majesty's 76th
Regiment, formerly Ambassador to the kingdom of Ava.
On his passage to Gottenburgh, Arthur Brauthwayt, Esq. late
a captain in the nd Dragoon Guards. Hewes on board the Cres-
cent frigate, lately last off the coast of Jutland, and one amongst
the onfortalaaht indoors who perished on that Inelatichaly cca.

TO THE .E21)1119.R OPVIOSTAIR.
1' ON THE PROPHEtiES.—NO. XXIU.
TRIAD TRUMPET.-.—PABT
§ IV. Of the Origin of the Clerical Body.
For a long time the pastors had, on every of
rence, been labouring to improve the respect in vc
they were held tiy their flocks, and gradually wi
ing the distance between themselves and the
member i 'of their assemblies. In the early ag
Christianity, as we have seen in every thing
regarad the discipline and general affairs of
Church, the whole congregation had a voice ;
in process of time, this was gradually taken
of their hands, and engrossed by the Clerg
body absolutely unknown in the primitive tim
In proportion as the people lost their independenc,
Clergy heightened theirclaims, and became, if
sihle, more assiduous in their dexterous manage
of " lark sentences;" at first insinuating, and
wards maintaining, that in virtue of their office
were sacred and sanctXttlpersons, in a sense difi
from that in which these terms could be appli
the other members of CHRIST'S mystical body;
tho,e who did not belong to any of the sacred •
were by no means qualified to deliberate and juc
holy things ; and that it was the height of sacriJ
ucurpation for unhallowed men (comprehending
that description the Saints and faithful in Cm:l;r ./4
to arrogate any power in concerns of this nature.
the manyt which primitively formed but our boi
Cor. x. 1'7.), became thus divided into TIFO disci;
the Clergy and the Laity—terms derived
two Greek words sklpos• and X 24, the f
signifying lot or inheritance, the latter people—i
not be improper that we should here examine a
what authority the scriptures furnish to seppot
distinction.
Throughout the whole of the New Testame
term Y.Ay,por, as applied to persons, occurs but
viz. in 1 Peter v. 3. p.na ws xarcocupievorrec -rte
nrroi ycvoµevel roes rroipsou, Literall
dered, the passage stands thus : not as Joni
[or lording it] over the HERITAGE., but being ex
•to the nocx." In true canonical English we s
read tg not domineering over the cirecr ;" but un;
ly the Clergy [xxnpun] in this passage are th
individuals that are, not only in this verse, but
the preceding, denominated the Pei Detlip.,Y,
In other words, the clergy here Jpl/X of are Lo
—But, perhaps, expressions may be found in t}
Testament which may be considered as furn
something like a scripture warrant for applyin
term xAvss exclusively to those whose ofl
was to minister in holy things,?—Quite the cnr
Gon is indeed, in these writings, said to be the
ritance of the Levites, because a certain port
the sacrifices offered to Gon was, in part, tc
them instead of an estate in land, strch as was
to the other tribes ; but no where is the tribe o
called Gon's inheritance, though that term
nuently applied to the whole nation; as in Deut.