Star.
London, England, 1825-09-16 00:00:00

Is

$O, STRAND, London;
And sold in every Town is the Kingdom.
LIQUID is Bottles, lid. lad. led. and tad. each.
Also PASTE BLACKING, in Pots, 6d. 12d. and tad. each.
A-Shilling Put of Passe is sepal to nur lA. Bottles of Liquid.
tl Asti fos WAlLliditi's Backing.

The Select Committee appointed to consider of the Laws respect-
ing Fasztatti Socirms, and to report the same, with their O-
bservations thereupon, to the House: and who were empowered
to report the Minutes of Evidence taken before them;—have,
pursuant to the Orders of the House, considered the Matters to
them referred, and have agreed upon the following Report
(Conetudedfrom our Paper of Yesterday.)
Another suggestion is, that the Justices of every
County should name two or more persons, upon whose
certificate only they will sanction the tables. If it were
certain that the Justices woald be careful to name only
actuaries of acknowledged ability and experience, with-
out reference to provincial connection, this suggestion
might prudently be adopted. But your Committee are
of opinion, that the object might be more effectually
accomplished, by providing for a similar nomination,'
by some authority not local, but extending over the
whole of England.
A Bill, which was introduced into the House in the
year 1818, and which was the original sketch of the
Bill which afterwards became the Act 59. b Geo. 8, c.
1.28, contained the following provision That the
Lord High Treasurer, or Commissioners of his Majesty's
Treasury shall, within three months after the passing of
this Act, nominate and appoint five or more persons, of
whom two at the least shall be professional actuaries, or
persons skilled in arithmetical calculations, to be a Com-
mittee for the purposes of this Act ; and any Society or
Institution submitting tables or rules to such Committee
for approbation, shall pay to such Committee such rea-
sonable fee er fees as the said Lord High Treasurer, or
Commissioners of his Majesty's Treasury, shall appoint;
and the amount of such fees shall be applied, under the
direction of the said Lord High Treasurer, or Consinis-
sioners of his Majesty's Treasury, towards remunerating
the said professional members of the said Committee,
and otherwise towards defraying the incidental expenses
attending the execution of this Act."
Your Committee are informed, that this clause was
omitted in consequence of an alarm which It occasioned
among Friendly Societies, especially in the North of
England, of an intention on the pan of the Government
to interfere with the funds of the societies; although no
apprehension could be more utterly groundless, it was
Ithought advisable to withdraw the clause, and to sub-
Fathom the provision respecting actuaries, which is now,
in face. By a petition, referred by the House to your
Committee, and from other quarters, suggestions have
been made for establishing a Central Board or Offite,
for the approving, in the first instance, of the calcula-
tions upon which Friendly Societies are formed, and
subsequently watching over their management. Your
Committee are not prepared to adopt this suggestion ;
but they are of opinion, that the same objects may be
accomplished in a mode which will require but little
alteration of the law, and which will not excite alma
or jealousy.
By the present law, every Society which desires to
avail itself of tt'e Government Debentures, is required
to send to the National Debt Of copies of the rules,
after they have been enrolled at the Sessions; your
Committee propose, that the rules of Friendly Societies
shall be transmitted to the National Debt Office previe
ously to enrolment; and that the actuary of that office
shall perform, eithir singly or in conjunction with ano-
ther calculator, to be named by the Commissioners, the
duty of examining and certifying the tables of payments
and benefits, and the rules connected therewith ; and he
should be required to accompany his certificate with'
such observations and suggestions as may appear to him
useful towards furthering and securing the object of the
Society. The enrolment at the Sessions would then',
proceed as at preseat.
The managers of Savings Banks are required to fur-
nish to that Office, annual accounts, in a form pre-
scribed. Your Committee are inclined to think, that
there could be no reasonable objection to placing
Friendly Societies on the same footing in this respect as
the Saving Banks, or in requiring them to make to the
office in London, periodical returns in a prescribed form,
whence the state of their affairs might be deduced. If
this provision should be thought likely to excite alarm,
it. would be enough that the Office should furnish each
Soc-ety with a form of the return, and with instructions
for keeping their bocks ; and declare a readiness to
give an opinion upon the sufficiency of the funds, and
the prospects of the Society, whenever an application,
accompanied by a return in the form prescribed, should
be made to it.
In furtherance of these suggestions, and that the num-
ber and extent of Friendly S males may be known, your
Committee propose, that these institutions be no looser

permitted to deposit their funds in Saving Banks; but
that they be required to draw their debentures directly
from the Bank.
Your Committee have hitherto confined themselves
to the casualties usually provided for by Friendlyl
Societies ; but it will be perceived, on a perusal of the
evidence, that they have considered also the possibility
of applying the principle of mutual assurance, not only
as is now done iii a degree by some of the larger insti-
tutions, to the endowment of children at a future age,
perhaps 14 or 21 ; but to the maintenance of young
children. Being aware that much difference of opinion
exists as to the desirableness of this object, the Com-
mittee content themselves with directing the attention
of the House to the evidence of Dr. Granville and Mr.
Finlaison, on the possibility of calculating the necessary
tables for accomplishing it.
Following the order of the Act of 1819, your Com-
mittee are now to advert to a provision which it con-
tained, for allowing the Quarter Sessions " from time
to time to make and publish such general rules for the
formation and government of Friendly S cieties or In-
stitutions under ti.e authority of this Act, as to such
Justices may appear fit; and to require that the rules
of all societies thereafter established within such county
or tiding, shall be made conlbrinable to such general
rules; and it shall also be lawful for such Justices to
declare, that the rules inOposed for the formation of such
Friendly Societies or Institutions which shall be made
conformable to such general rules, may be exhibited to
and confirmed by any two or more Justices holding
Petty Sessions within the division wherein any such
society is to be established; and in such case, and sub-
ject always to the direction of such general rules pub-
lished as aforesaid, such Justices in Petty Sessions shall
have the like powers, and their proceedings shall be
subect to the like provisions, in regard to the formation
of Irieadly Societies, as are by this and the former
Acts established in respect of the Justices assembled in
General or Quarter Sessions."
The first part of this enactment, allowing the publi-
cation of general rules, to be adopted by all societies
applying for enrolment, appears to your Committee to
be well calculated to avoid error and delay. In the
counties of Gloucester and Wilts such general mks
have been published, together with t..bles calculated
for the use of the former county, by Messrs. Morgan
and Frend.
Some difference of opinion has ;Risen, *s to the ex-
tent to which the power may be delegated to the Petty
Sessions (which delegation has taken place, it is under-
stood, In the county of Devon), and it occurs to your
Committee, that instead of continuing this power of
delegating the authority of final approbation, it may
be advisable to provide that societies may tender their
rules to the Petty Sessions, in the first instance, instead
of sending them to the Clerk of the Peace; and that the
Petty Sessions shall transmit them, with their opinion,
and with any explanation which they may think it right
to give, whether of their own notion, or upon examina-
tion of the parties tendering, to tile actuary of the
National Debt Office.
The next provision of the Act, is one upon which
your Committee find some difficulty. It requires that
every Society shall have three Trustees at the least, of
whom the majority shall be " substantial householders
assessed to the relief of the poor, upon a sum not less
than fifty pounds." -
The objects of this provision assuredly were, to fur-
nish to every society the guaranty of a certain portion
of . respectable and responsible persons; and also to
encourage the formation of larger societies, for which
there can be no difficulty in finding a sufficient number
of substantial Trustees. Your Cummittee believe that
the difficulty of procuring Trustees in the smaller
societies, has been great ; that in some counties no care
has been taken to ascertain their sufficiency, or even
their existence, and it will certainly sometimes happen,
that the owner of a considerable estate in the country,
who retains only a small quantity of land in his own
hands, may not be qualified under the Act; never-
theless your Committee are not prepared with any sub-
stitute for this clause; the State would perhaps not be
justified in giving the ithportant pecuniary advantage
which the debentures afford, to any set of persons, for
whose funds no. two men of the degree of substance
implied by the enactment are willing to answer. And
that enactment operates as a preference of the larger
institutions, in a degree which may be deemed neither
inexpedient nor unfair.
These Trustees, in whom all the property is vested,
are to appoint the Treasurer; a security which your
Committee think it right to retain. They have reason
to believe, that questiuns have arisen as to the power of
the Trustees. They apprehend, that the power neces-
sarily lodged in the Trustees, is the power defined in
the Act, connected with the security of the fonds only.
To these powers, the rules of a society may add, but
cannot detract from them.
The Act of 1819, provided an entirely new security
against a fraudulent or imprudent application of the
funds, or dissolution of the society. In the first place,
no division of money otherwise than in the ordinary
course can be made, nor the society be dissolved, by
the vote of any proportion of the members, Without
the consent of the Trustees; and such consent cannot
be given without the certificate of two actuaries, who
shall have been els eady admitted as such by the Jus-
tices; " that, according to the most correct calculation
of which the case will admit, the interest of all the
contributors to such institutions, and of all persons
having claims thereon, in possession of expectancy, are,
by the proposed scheme of dissolution, fairly dealt with.
and secured."
No alteration appears necessary in this provision, be-
yond what may be requisite to adapt it to any new
arrangement which may be made as to the actuaries.
But your Comm tree take this opportunity of observ-
ing, that sufficient prevision does not appear to be'
made by any of the Acts, against a breach of the law
in respect to the appropriation of the funds. Let the
case be supposed, of the disregard of the prevision
now in question. A society is dissolved, against the,
will of the Trustees, or by the Justices, without. the
ceitificate of the actuaries. The Trustees are not ag-
grieved in a way which entitles them • to relief in the
summary mode pointed out by the Acts. Of the
members, it may confidently be as aaased, some are

process.
The original Act had provided, that the affairs of a
society should be conducted by a general meeting, or
by &committee appointed at a general meeting, and
contained other details as to the management of the
business; the Act of 1819 med the societies formed
under it, from all these provisions, and only required
that the powers of members, committees, or officer*,
should be specified in the original rules. These r'ules
were also to speefy the place of meeting ;:by which an
opportunity was given to the Justices to'object to the
appointment of a house of any particular description,
or of any particular house.
Your Committee have already given their opinion
that the subscription of the funds into a Saving Bank
should no longer be permitted.
The permission to draw d, bentures from the Bank,
at a fixed rate of interest, will, the Committee trust, be
enjoyed by Friendly S cieties so long ai it is continued
to Saving Banks. They would however at the sane
time suggest, that it might perhaps be desirable, with
a view to any new arrangement that may be made as
to these debentures, that no future calculations should
be made at more than three per cent. But in this cafe
it would he necessary to provide,-us indeed all institu-
tions should provide, for an appropriation of eventual
surplus. •
Nothing in the Act prevents the trustees-from in-
vesting the money in the public funds, of from lending
it upon real security, at interest. This last-mentioned
facility is said to have given rise to some *bases, and it
may perhaps be advisable to withdraw it.
The Act provides " that the Trustees of any society
or institution established under the authority of this
Act, shall not be liable to make good any deficiency
Which may arise in the fends of such society, unless
such person shall have respectively declared, by writing
under their bands, deposited and registered in like man-
ner with the rules of such soc ety, that they are willing
to be answerable; and it shall be lawful for each of
such persons, or for such persons collectively, to liar:it
his her or their responsibility to such sum as shall be
specified in any such instrument in writing." This
clause is peculiar; not being found either in the former
Acts, or in the Saving Banks Acts. Your Committee
are aware that some difference of opinion has existed as
to the legal liability of the Trustees of Saving Banks,
and as to the necessity of their being so liable: your
Committee are not aware that any inconvenience or
question has arisen with respect to the present clause;
nor are they prepared with any suggestion respecting it.
The next section is equally new ; it provides for the
intervention of the Justices, in any case in which the
Trustees shall be apprehensive that the funds of the so-
ciety will be deficient. • This clause appears to require
ievision, not only so far as it respects the case in which
an enrolment shall have taken place at the Petty Ses-
sions (which practice it is proposed to discontinue);
but because, by what must have been an accidental
omission, no certificate of Actuaries is in this case
required.
'The next section is the only section of the Act of
1819, which is applicable to societies previously formed.
The former Acts appeared to give summary jurisdic-
tion to the Justices, only in the case of an application
from a member of a society conceiving himself ag!
grieved; this Act provides the same relict for the widow
or children of a deceased member.
Societies formed under the Act of 1819, are in all
points wherein that Act has made no alteration, to be
subject to the provisions of the Acts of 1793 and 1809.
The celebrated Report, made in 1817, by the Corn.
mittee on the Poor Laws, refers to a proposition which
'had been made, for enabling parishes to become contri-
butors to Fr iendly Societies, or to guarantee the benefits
of them to individuals. Not having had time fur con-
sidering this subject, which is one of much difficulty,
your Committee content them elves with inserting its
their Appendix, so much of the Report of 1817, as re-
lates to Friendly Societies.
The attention of your Committee has been called to
a question which has occurred, whether the 16th section
of the Act 33 Geo. 3. eip. 54 is repealed by the 49th
Geo. 1 cap. 125? The former allows of a rule for
submitting disputes to Arbitrators, whose award is to
he final, without reference to a Justice of the Peace.—
The latter, in giving effect to the decision of the Jus-
tices, in the cases in which power is given to them by
the former Act, is so generally worded as to be sup-
posed to supersede altogether the provision made in the
former Act, for an arbitration. This matter should not
remain doubtful. Yout Committee are inclined to be.
lieve that the Arbitration Clause has not been produc-
tive of good effect; and tLey therefore recommend
its repeal.
Your Committee have been informed, that certain
Societies whose rules are regularly enrol:ed, have also
framed additional rules,which are intended to be equally
binding upon the members, but which are neither enr
rolled, nor contained is the printed books of the club.
This practice may tend to mislead the public as to tho
ml objects of a Society, if sot to cover illegal pro-
ceedings. It might be proper
.to require. that any
winced book, purporting to COOP"a the regulations of a
Fr mull, Society established under the Act, should con-
tain all the rules of that eociety, as mulled, neither

more nor less; and that no rule should be made •r gm-
forced by the Soiietybsexcept such as have been enrolled.
The Report of the Committee which considered the
Combination Laws was referred to your Committee, in
consequence, no doubt, of the following Resolution of
that Committee: N That the Committee regret. to find
from the evideoce, that Societies legally enrolled as Be-
nefit Societies, have been frequently made the cloak
under which funds have been raised fur the support of
combinations and strikes, attended with acts 6f violence
and intimidation; and without reconsmending any spe-
cific course, they wish to call the attention of the House
to the frequent peeve! sion of these Institutions from their
avowed and legitimate objects." As another Commit-
tee has been sitting during the present Session, from
which a Bill for amending the Combination Laws has
proceeded, your Committee have not thought it neces-
sary co institute any special inquiry into the subject of
this Resolution. • Neither the evidence which has inci-
dentally been given upon it before your Committee, nor
the evidence appended to the Report referred to them,
appears io justify an apprehension that the statement of
the Resolution is extensively true. And even if some
of the elder Societies have been in a degree perverted to
the purposes ofcombinntion, your Committee have no
reason whatever 'to believe that any such abuse has oc-
curred, in a Society formed under the last Act.
The provision which they have suggested, for pre-
venting the misappropriation of the funds, will tend to
check the abuse supposed. But the most effectual
check to this, as to all other abuses,' will be found in
the encouragement of Societies upon a large scale. It
has been suggested, that Societies confined to particular
trades, Might be deprived of the benefit of the Act;'
but it appears to your Committee, that even if this ex-
clusion were deemed just and fair, the effect would be
not to prevent the combination or evil purposes, but
to discourage the association for those that are beneficial.
The House will observe, that through the medium
of a deposit in a Saving Bank, the Societies formed
previously to 1819, and consequently without any as-
surance of accurate calculations, have the benefit of the

guaranteed interest equally with those which have in
.all respects conformed to the last Act. Your Com-
mittee have already suggested, that this benefit should
be confined to Societies who draw their debentures from
the Bank of England ; and as it is only the Societies
formed under the Act of 1819 that possess that privi-
lege, the effect of the Committee's suggestion would be
to confine to these Societies the benefit of the interest.
In order that such of the older Societies as have really
been formed upon sound principles, may not be upon a
worse footing than the newer institutions, your Com-
mittee suggest, that facility should be afforded to those
older Societies, to shew that their rules are unobjec-
tionable, and heir tables accurate; and thereupon to
be admitted into the benefits, and become subject to all
the provisions of the Act of 1819, without being obliged
to•constitute their Society anew.
Finally, your Committee recommend, that all the
laws relating to Friendly Societies, be consolidated into
one Act.
Your Committet having been informed by one of the
witnesses, that much attention bad been paid to Friendly
'Societies, under the name of Socielis de Privoyexce in
France, authorised their Chairman to communicate
upon the subject, with Mons. B. Delessert, an eminent
banker at Paris, who appeared to have taken much in-
terest in it. The Chairman's letter, and one from IL
• Delessert, who, with much readiness and urbanity,
answered the inquiries made of him, will be foood'in,
the Appendix.
Your Committee are conscious, that in the consi-

deration which they have given to the subject referred
to them. they have omitted several matters of much
importance; and that they have not adverted in this.
Report, to some of the points which have occurred in
the evidence. But they trust that they have hid the
foundation for an useful amendment of the law ; and
.that they have furnished to the Members of the Hoiser
who are now returning to their several Counties, the
'materials of valuable information to their poorer neigh-
bours., They are persuaded, that at this moment of
proiperity and confidence, Institutions of good fellow-
ship and mutual assurance are peculiarly deserving of
public attention ; and they hope, that they have laid
the foundation for rendering such associations prosper-
ous and secure.

GREECE.

7ROM THE ETOILE OF WEDNESDAY.
PARIS, SEPTEMBER Is.
On the sth of this month, the first assistance sent to
The Greeks by the Philanthropic Committee at Paris,
sailed from Marseilles. This party consists of old Of-
ficers, Subalterns, and workmen of the artillery, com-
manded by Lieut.-Colonel Mazime Raybaud and Capt.
Arnaut, of the artillery. They carry with them every
thing necessary for the establishment of a foundry, and
a yard for ship-building.
M. Mazime Raybaud has already served two years in
Greece; he was Aid de-Camp to Prince Maarocordato.
General Goura has left Salona with 2,000 or 3,C01
men, Romeliots, for the purpose of combating Ibrahim
Pacha, who is in the plains of Tripolizza. A corps of
1,200 Arabs, which he had left at Nisi, has been en-
tirely destroyed by the Greeks, who came down from
the mountains of Arcadia.

Accounts from Corfu of the 18th August, announce
that a body of Mainotes has occupied Calamata,
whence it is inferred that Pietro Bey, Prince of the
Mainotes, acts again in concert with Colocotroni, and
that he is perfectly reconciled with the Government at
Napoli di Romania.
According to accounts received direct from Hydra,
of the 3d, and from Napoli of the 7th, the plague has
manifested itself not only in the Morea, but in the Isle
of Candia, with a virulence which excites serious alarms.
• The Board of Health at Corfu exercises increased
vigilance, on account of the plague at Modon ; but it is
not known to have extended to any other place. It is
even affirmed that Ibrahim Pacha has established a
cordon to cut off the communication between Modon
and the rest if the Morea, and that the measures he
has adopted are like those usual in Europe; but as he
expects reinforcements and supplies of provisions and
ammunition from Alexandria, where the plague pre-
vails, the precaution he has taken affords but little se-
curity for the future.
• At Corfu, the state of the public health is perfectly
good ; but an English frigate which arrived from the
Levant, on the 10th of this month, excited some un-
easiness: it had six sick on board, ope of whom died on
the same day, and three ethers a few days after Wards.
The frigate has been placed under double quarantine;
but it is certain that the malady has .nething pestilen-
tial in it, and that it is only a bilious fever caught at,

LONDON.
•
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 16, 189.5.
STOCK EXCHANGE, TWELVE O'CLOCK.
Consols opened at 1191 buyers for the Account, and up to this
time they are 9911; everything appears dull
In the Foreign Market, everything is at a stand this morning,'
and nothing is doing, in consequence of the two failures yesterday.
Current Prices: New Spanish 161 17, Old Spanish 211 1,
Russian 94} 1, Mexican 73 1, Colombian New 771, Brazil Scrip
9} 63, Mexican Scrip 9} 9 disc. Greek 111 }discount.

PRICE OF STOCKS AT TWO O'CLOCK.
Bank Stock Shut. . .
3 per Cent. Red. Shut.
$ per Cent. Cons. 88A s/s
31 per Cent. Shot.
4 per Cent. New 103 102% 10314
Long Ann. Shut.
India Bonds 13 10 12
£l,OOO Excheq. Bills 1 prem. 3 prem. par.
IESOO ditto 4 prem. 1 prem. 3 prem. par.
£lOO and £2OO ditto 7 prem. 5 prem.
Advertised 1 prem.
Cons. for Acct. 1118% /s %
FOREIGN FUNDS, TWO O'CLOCK.
Austrian Ns Sp Ct. Mex.Serlp, VMS, 9 dis.
Brasilian bands, 761 77 Ditto Acct. 91 61 1 i dis.
Ditto Acct. Neapolitan Bonds, 1624
Ditto Serip,s pCt. 132.5, II dis. Ditto Bonds 5p C.
Ditto Acct. it dis. Peruv. Bonds, 6 per Ct. 68 671 1
Buenos Ayres Bonds Ditto:Acct. 6111
Milian Bonds, 6 p Ct. DittoSerip,lB2s, 6 pC.
Theo Acet. Portuguese Bonds
Colombian Bds, 6 p C. Prussianllonds,l342, 5p Ct. 102
Ditto Atet. Russ. Bonds, 1822, SpC.
Dkto Bonds 1824, 771 771 Ditto Acct. 931 •
Ditto Ace. 761 771 771 Spanish Sp Ct. Cons. 211 •
Danish Bonds, 5 p Ct. Ditto Acct.
Ditto Scrip 1425, 4an.5 p. Ct. C. 1623. 161
Ditto Acct. French Rentes,spC.99f.7se.ex dlv
Greek Bonds Frasehßentes.3 p Ct.
DaSerip 5p Ct 171 dis. Exchange, 25f. 10c. • 1
Ditto Acct. 171 dis. Guatemala 21 dis.
Mex. Bonds, SpCt. Ditto for Acc.
Ditto Acct. 731 1 1 74 Russian Inscript. 6 p Ct.
BRITISH AND FOREIGN SHARES, TWO tYCLOCK.
SHAWL PA lb. SLICt PIM MIR&
100 5 • Si i
- tao - 5• , .12 ,
—......occEspititoSanto 100 S 81
Pasco Peruvian - 100 • 5' - 12
Potosi. La Paz, & Peruv. 50 5 71 51 61 j 61'• / I
Real del Monte 400 300 675 • A
United Mexican 40 20
Ditto New 40 1 , 30 29 ' •
Provincial Portable Gas 100 4 • - - 2
Anglo Mexican Mint 25 S A* _ -
BONA Iron Company • 100 . 20 .. . 161 171,11
British Rock & Patent Salt SO S •12
British and Foreign Paper • 50 • • t 3 '-• 3I
General Steam Navigation 100 5 . • 61 _
Imperial Plate Glass 100. • 2 ~ - 31 ,
Tobacco, Snuff, and Segar 50 2 • 21
• i L •

Anglo Chillin
DraziHan _

The French Papers of Tuesday repeat more confi,
dently than ever, and with many additional circum-
stances, the pretended offer to the Sosrzaztow of this
country of the Protectorate of Greece, which they
allege was formally made to CAptain Haratt.roti, who
entered heartily into the affair, and promised them the
assistance of a British naval force. So particular are
the narrators of this strange story, that they even lay
down the extent of that force, and affirm that the naval
power of England, which is to quell the Turkish fleet,
is, on this occasion to be manifested by a ship of the
line and three frigates!
We repeat our perfect conviction that there is not
a word of truth in this narration from beginning to
end. But as our cotemporaries have taken up and
reasoned on the subject, on the supposition. that it may
have had some foundation, we think it right also to
throw in a few words, by way of answer to the prin-
cipal objection which has been started, to the ac-
ceptance by Great Britain of this imaginary dig-
nity. The Times has asserted that all the Powers en-
gaged in the settlement of Europe, at the Con-
gress of Vienna, are bound by treaty to each other, t°
observe the arrangement or balance of piswer then
laid down as the basis of peace. Thii is true. The
territory of each of the contracting Powers, whether of
ancient inheritance or recent acquisition, was then de-
fined, and they are severally bound, on the faith of
treaties, to respect and defend mutually those defined
rights. But the Ottoman Porte was no party to such,
an arrangement, and Greece was then no subject
of dispute. If there were no other obstacle but
the Treaty of Vienna to prevent England from
yielding to the earnest wishes of her own free
and magnanimous people in favour of the de-
liverance of the gallant and heroic Helenists from
such an unexampled state of tyranny and savage op.
pressien, as it is a disgrace to the Christian world to
witness, that obstacle would be as dust in the balance.
Nay more, it is the manifest interest of England, per-
haps of Europe, that the Greeks should make good their
independence, and that this country should possess, if
not an ascendancy, at least a decided influence in the
Councils of the New Republic. Turkey is, and long
has been, a falling monarchy. Russia, always
ambitious of territory, has, since the days of its
illustrious regenerator, PETER the Great, been still
more intensely desirous of maritime power. Nature,
however, denied • her the meats: of acquiring such
power, and having given her only two ports within
,her ancient territory in the North, and these ge-,

nasally frozen for half the year,ast bas been for balf a
century the first object of thetßussian Councils to open
the channel of the Bosphorus, through which, as from
one vast and enormous wet dock, her navies could issue,
in inexhaustible numbers, from the Black Sea, and dis-
pute, if. not secure, the sovereignty of the Mediterra-
nean Sea. She has already an immense naval arsenal
and dock-yard at Odessa, and a fleet of more than
twenty sail of the lint in the Black Sea. Her outposts
are almost stretched to the Danube; and on the
first quarrel, if no European influence should frus-
trate her views, there is little probability that
they may not reach Constantinople, and thus secure
the command of the Dardanelles. Now, by means
of a close alliance with the Greeks, and by n's other
means whatsoever, a British Navy of sufficient force can
be adequately supplied and sheltered so as to blockade
and hermetically seal this, the only outlet of the Russian
Navy, and render her naval ascendancy in the Medi-
terranean as distant as ever. Sound policy, humanity,
and public liberty, theref le, all concur in impelling
England to assist the Greeks in their arduous struggle,
if it were possible to do so consistently with that good
faith which ever has been, and we trust ever will be, the
supreme consideration in her councils. But England is
bound, by solemn Treaties, to guarantee and uphold the
integrity of the Ottoman Empire. She cannot, therefore,
form an alliance with the Greeks, or recognise them as
a nation at all until they ire dejacto independent. But if,
by their own manly and courageous perseverance, they
shall be enabled to weary out their Turkish oppressors,
then, no question, that it would be the interest of Great
Britain to'hail them as brothers, and stand by them in
the common cause of self-preservation, against the me-
naces and attacks of every other Power on earth.

The Mowing extract from a letter received in Li-
•erpool, dated on board his Majesty's ship LARNE,
Rangoon River, February 1, 1825, though of an old
date, is not without interest :

" You will have seen in the Papers, long ere this
arrives, that we are again at war in India. How the
news will be received in England is doubtful, but
hereabouts it completely swallows up all other kinds of
confab. In a short.time part of our forces move up the
river and part march by land, both parties endeavour-
ing to force their way up to the capital. Even supposing
they reach that place (which they may do if the natural
difficulties of this country are not too great), it is very
doubtful whether the enemy will come to terms. His

golden-footed Majesty of •Ava is too proud to conde-
scend to write to us, and most likely will desert the
capital after a short defence, and retire further to the
northward of his extensive dominions, which compre-
hend Ava, Pegs, and Siam. Report says that he has
written to China, soliciting aid; I hope they will give
it to him, for then we shall have pretty picking about
Canton. Recollect Lord Amherst (Kotoo) is Governor•
General, and, no doubt, remembers his reception. Tbe,
expenses of this war beat all calculation—what will the
Court of Directors think.of it? The Regiments bete arkl
.the 13th, 41st, 89th, 47th, and 58th, and the 45th and,
lit are embarked for this. Some of the Sepoy Ref!
tents have not earned too good a name. The Denies*
would (And have-two or three times) thrash. them, if
lot accompanied by English troops. These rascals
crucify all their prisoners. Two poor devils were found
yesterday in that state, close to the 47th lines,-and were
discovered to be an Officer's servants of that regiment.
We had orders several times to give no quarter, add
they have not had it."

•

This forenoon We received German Papers to the
9th instant, but they contain little news. An article
from Western Greece states that a Greek corps, which
had gained some advantages over the Turkish troops
from Thessaly and Negropont, and had afterwards
assembled at Lidoviki and Salona, suddenly quitted
their positions and marched to Kosima, thence it took
the road. to Missolonghi, where it effected its junction
with the garrison of that place, which bad just repulsed
a third attack made by RIDSCHID PACHA. The Greeks,
thus reinfo►ced, sallied out of the town, and pursued
the Seraskier, who was firmed to retreat to Vrachori.
Several of the Capitan Pacha's frigates and corvettes,
which had taken refuge in the Gulf of Lepanto, 'are
said to have been burnt by the Greek fire-ships.
Accounts from St. Petersbargh notice the race be-
tween the English and Cossack horses, in which the
former was so triumphant, and of which we gave a
full account a week ago. The defeat of the Cossacks
seems to have occasioned as much mortification as the
loss of a battle, if we may judge by the attempts to
cover it. We are told that the English U considered
this as a national point of honour, sand had devoted
their whole attention to it for several months, and
secretly ordered from England the best Jockey
and racers that could be procured ; whereas General
Oat.ow had sent only for ordinary horses from the
Don, and treated the matter with great indifference."
It is, however, said, that " the wounded national pride
of our countrymen, the possessors of the celebrated
racers of the Dap, intend, with increased energy and
precaution, to have another trial with their English
competitors."

, We have received Papers and Letters from Gibraltar
to the 96th ult. from which we learn that the Colons.
Wan privateers continued to infest the Straits, and that
several Spanish vessels had fallen into their hands. The
Spanish licenses, allowing the introduction of cotton
goods into Spain, had been put in force by those who
purchased them of the Spanish Government, and who
were buying goods,on eccount, and had also made se-
veral sisipmqnts.to 'Malaga and Cadiz; but the pus.'
chases had been made sparingly, partly in consequence
of the distracted state of Spain, which rendered large

isb;posios hazardous, and pally because the shipper
did not wish to glut a young market at rile coar
meneement of a new trade.

Letters of the 19th of July have been received fame
Rio de Janeiro, which announce the naval at am
place of Sir QUALLS STUAXT and suite on the nth:
on board his Majesty's ship WarAxstsv, from Lisbon,
He was received in the distinguished manner doe to
the functions with which he is invested. Sir CHARIA,
STUART was accompanied by six Secretaries of L.
don. A favourable result to his mission-is anticipates!,
The letters mention few facts worth repeating. From
Monte Yideo the intelligence was not so recent as that
which we have received lately by way of Buenos AN.,
The exchange had fallen to 54, owing to the capridoo,
conduct of the Government in renewing the prohibs
lion, which had been recently removed, of the•expel.
cation of specie to the northern ports. . The motive
understood to be that of obtaining the remittances on
account of the Loan concluded in London on more ad.
vantageous terms. These vatiatious in the Exchange,
produced by an interference of so absurd a nature,
caused great inconvenience to the merchants, who wily
freely express their indignation at the proceedings
the Government. Government.

Whatever degree of talent the present Spanish Minis•
ters pones:, they display more vigour than many
their predecessors, and more courage too, or they woul
not venture on disarming the Royal Guard, and arrest.
ing a bevy of Bishops, as they are stated to be doing '
the following extract from a letter from Into, dated .sth
September:

N After seven or eight days discussion between
Deputies of the province residing at St. Sebastian, and
our Local Authorities, the disarming of the Roya
Volunteers took place this day. A detachment
militia has been sent to Tolosa, at which place they
have• arrested the members of the municipality, and
sent them to St. Sebastian ; after which the Royalist
Volunteers were disarmed.

•' Letters from Galicia, of 29th ult. state, that every
thing still remains in a state of cbnfusion;•as well as
Seville. Two travellers, who passed our City for Ma-
drid, yesterday, report, that the Minister, Zea Bermudez,
was to set off for St. lldefonse, to get the signature
the King, for the arrest of six or seven Bishops and
Archbishops, who were concerned in the plot w
Bessieres. They also state, that the famous father
Cyrelle has been arrested."