Star.
London, England, 1823-04-15 00:00:00

TUESDAY,7tP4IL.IS. I 8 3.

, I—They considered that an interkeenee, with a view to assist
the Monarch on the Throne, to overturn that which kati been
scttled, and which he had guaranteed, or to promote the este-
blisbment of any other form of Government or C.onstitution,
particularly by force, would only place that Monarch in a false
position, and prevent him from loaking to ti.e internal means of
amei3ration tv!rich might be within his reach.
Nadi an interference always appeared m the British Goxern-
ment an unnecessary assumption of responsibility; which, consi-
dering all the circumstances, what expose the King of Spain to
danger, and the Potter or Pote.,rs pinch iate,:c.lre, 014471..11h
certain rides, and possible ; er or.v..nts •x2etzes, 7.al
aztenvioit matt in producing avy re, dt. •
Upon these principles his Majesty has advised his Allies, and
has acted himself, from the month of April, 1820, to the pre-
salt day.
'1,11.: 'Protocols and other acts of the Congress at Airr-la-Cha-
pelle, which established the union at present existing between
the live I`,,wers, so happily for the world, require the most un-
limited confidence and communication on the part of each; and,
accordingly, his Majesty has never failed to communicate to his
Allies, and particularly to France, every instruction which he
has scut to his Minister at Madrid ; and all the communica-
tions made by his Majesty's commands to the Minister of Spain
residi'tg in London—all in the same spirit of good-will towards
the King of Spain and the Spanish nation.
It is impossible to look at the existing relations between France
and Spain, adverting to what has passed from the coinmence-
mum of the year 1820, to the present moment-, without being
sensible of the unfortunately false position in which the King of
Spain is placed : and that the spirit of party in both countries,
having aggravated the national antipathy which ann:cedent cir-
crimsaances bad occasioned, ia in a great measure the cause of
the unfortunam irritation in ripain against France, to which his
Excellency the Minister of France has adverted. The great oh.
jeer of his Ma jeay'sforeign policy is to presave peace anion; rations.
Ifefeels the most anxious interest for the happiness of Ms Catholic Ma •
sjesty and the honour of his Government ; and it tooted be his sincere
desire to allay that irritation.
But the British Government cannot but feel that to make any
declaration on any of the three points referred to by his Excel--
kncy, without a previous accurate knowledge of all the circum-
stances which have occurred between the t3VI countries, would
be not only premature arid unjust, but would probably be una-
vailing ; and would in fact deprive his Majesty of the power of
discussing and deciding upon the measures of his own-Govern-
ment in this affair hereafter, when he should be better informed,
Ilia Majesty must either place himself in this painful position,
or he must do what would be equally painful to his feelings, re-
quire from his august friend and ally the King of France, that
ke should submit his conduct to the advice and cuntroul of his
Majesty.
Ilia Majesty's Government cannot think either alternative to
be. necessary ; but are of opinion that a review of the obvious
circumstance* of the situation of Prance, as well as Spain, will
shew, that whatever may be the tone assumed towards France
by the ruling Powers in Spain, they are not in a state to tarry
into execution any plan of real hostilit;..
Considering that a civil war exists in the whole extent of tins
frontier which separates the two kingdoms; that hostile arid,
are in movement and In operation in every part of it ; and dial
there is not a town or village on the French frontier which is
not liable to insult or injury—there is no person who must not
approve of the precaution which his Most Christian Majesty has
taken in forming a corps of observation fur the protection of his
frontier, and for the preservation of the tranquillity of his People.
His Britannic Majesty sincerely wishes that this measure may
be effectual in attaining the objects fur which it is calculated ;
and that the wisdom of the French Government will have ?ti-
duced them to explain it at Madrid, in such terms as will Anglify,
the Government of his Catholic Majesty of its necessity. ,
Such an explanation Will, it is hoped, tend to allay in some deo
gree the irritation against France ; and, on the other hand, it
may be hoped that some allowance will be made in France for
the state of effervescence of men's minds in Spain, in the very
crisis of a revolution and civil war.

A moment's reflection upon the relative power of the two
States will show that the real evil to which his blost Christian
Maiesty is exposed is that resulting from the operations of the
civil war on the neighbouring frontier of Spain; against which
the measure which his Government have adopted is best calcu-
lated to preserve him.
Even revolutionary madness could not calculate upon the suck
cess of a serious attack by Spain upon France, under any circum-
stances which it is possible to suppose to exist at present in the
latter kingdom.

But the attention of the Spanish Government i 3 now occupied
by a civil war, the operations of which certainly justify the for-
mation of a Corps of Observation in France; and it is not very
probable that they would at this mombnt desire to break with
France.

Neither is it to be believed that, in their present situation,
they would not desire still to enjoy the advantage of that coun-
tenance to their system, which the presence of the French Am-
bassador at the seat of Government must afford them.

Ili% :Majesty therefore considers any rupture by Spain, or any
measure on her part which may render necessary the immediate
discontinuance of diplomatic relations by. France, very impro-
bable : and as his Majesty is quite unacquainted with what has
passed between France and Spain since the month of April,
1S_0; and his Government cannot know upon what grounds'
his Most Christian Majesty's Government may think proper to
discontinue the diplomatic relations of France with Spun; or
upon what grounds war may break out between the two coun-
tries; it is impossible for them now to' pronounce what advice
they should consider it their duty to give to his Majesty, In case
either or both of these events should mew.
Ilia Majeaty most. anxiously wishes that such extremities may
be avoided ; and he feels convinced that the Government of his
Most Christian Majesty will Sad means of avoiding them..
No. 5 is a Dispatch from. the Duke of Wellington to Mr.
Secretary Canning, dated Verona, November IS, 101111, which
incloses a Memorandum of what was passing there, which his
Grace had transmitted to Sir Charles Stuart. In this Memo-
randum it is mentioned, that to the questions of the French Mi-
nister, the three Continental Allies answered, on the 30th of
October, that they would act as France should, in respect to
their Ministers in Spain, and would give to France every coun-
tenance and assistance.she should require—the cause far melt
assistance, and the period and the mode of giving it, being re-
served to be spniSed in a Treaty.
No.6.—TIIE DUKE 01 WELLINGTON TO Sf It. SEC R ETA RY
CANNING.—RECEIVRD DEC. 6.
(Extract). Verona, Nov. 42. 1321.
I inclose the. Minute of the Answer which I returned to the
Ministers of the Allies on the !Otis inst. when they COCIMMIIi•
Bated to me the dispatches which they proposed to write to the
111inisttts of their several Courts at Madrid.

MINUTE—(INCLOSURE IN NO. 6).
(Extract). Verona, Nov. 10, lira.
The Ministers of the Allied Courts have thought proper to
make known to Spain the sentiments of their respective Sove-
reigns, by dispatches addressed to the Ministers of their several-
Courts, residing at Madrid, instead of by Official Notes—as a
mode of communication less formal, and affording greater faci-
lity of discussion.
These Dispatches, it appears, are to be.
knee to the Spanish Government.
The origin, circumstances, and consequences of the Spank*
Revolution—the eakting state of affairs in Spain—and the COD-
duct of those who have been at the head of the Spanish Governs.
went, may have endangered the safety of other countries, assn,
may have excited the uneasiness of the Governments, hese
Ministers I am now addressing; and those Governments may
think it necessary to address the Spanish Government upon this
topics referred to in these I)ispatches.
These sentiments and opinions have certainly been entertained
by the three Cabinets of Austria, l'russia, and Russia, fora
considerable period of time : and the British Government duly
appreciates the forbearance and deferent for the opinions of
other Cabinets, which have dictated the delay to make these
cammunications to the present usetr.ent. Rut having been de-
layed Cll ways, I wield invest those Igitris:ers to consider,

• is es-

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whether edits the moment at wbith web remomtrancea aught
to be' made ; whither they are calculated to allay the irritation
against France, and to prevent a possible rupture; and whether
they might not itithitdvantage be delayed to a later period.
They are certainly calculated to irritate the Government of
Spain ; to afford ground for a belief, that advantage has been
taken of the irritation existing between that Government and
France, to call down upon Spain the power of the Affiance;
and thus to embarrass still more the difficult position of the
French Government.

The result of these.comtnunications will probably be, that the
diplomatic relations between the three Allied Courts and Spain
will be discontinned,—whatever may be the state of the ques-
tioas -between Franca and Spain : this occurrence cannot assist the
cav rl of France ; as those questions will stand upon their own
ground, and the Government of France must decide them upon
their own merits.

But these communications are not only calculated to embar-
rass the French GovernMent, but likewise the King, my Mastet.
IN Majesty feels sincerely for the King and the I'eupk of Spain ;
he is anxious to see a termination of :lie evils and misfortunes by
which that country is afflicted ; and that it should be prosperous
and happy. Ills Majesty likewise earnestly desires, tbat.the
usual relations of amity and good neighbourhood may be re‘
established between France and Spain ; and his ilfajesly's Govern-
nicht Mould Isaac tam maims to to-operate with those of his Allies,
in allaSfiseg A.! existing irritsition, and in recent/4ga possiltie rupture.
'But his Aiejesty's Government are of opinion, that to mimed-
Vert upon the internal transactions of all Ind.:pendent State, un-
less such transactions affect the essential interests of his Majesty's
subjects, is ininicistent with those principles on which kit Illojesty
has invariably 'weal on all questions relating to the internal concert: s
of other comniries; that such animadversions, if made, must in-
volve 64 Majesty in serious responsibility, if they should pro-
duce any effect ; and must irritate, if they should not : and, it
addressed, as proposed, to the Spanish GovernmerP, are likely
to be injurious to the best interests of Spain, an.l to produce the
worst consequences upon the prohabie discussiuni between that
country and France.
The King's Government must, therefore, daline to adult( his
Majesty to hold a common lanzunge wills his Allies upon this occasion :
and it is so necessary fur hi; Majesty, not to he supposed to par-
ticipate in a measure of this description, and calculated to pro-
duce such consequences, that his Government must equally re-
frain from advising his Majesty to direct, that any communica-
tion should be made to the Spanish Government, on the subject
of its relations with france.

His Majesty, ti•erff mutt limit hie exertions and goat etcer, to
the enderiounrs of his .Minister at Madrid to allay the ferment which
these communications must occasion, and to do all the good in his
power.
No. 7 Is a Dispatch from Mr. Secretary Canning to the Duke
of Wellington, dated Foreign Office, Dec. 6,1822, stating, that
M. de Villele bad taken several opportunities of expressing ro
Sir Charles Stuart, his own earnest desire for the preservation of
peace 1 and his wish to receive, not only the support but the ad-
vice of the Banish Guvernment, in his endeavours to preserve it.
Mr. Canning adds
" I have the King's commands to signify to your Grace His
Majesty's pleasure, that your Grace should seek a conversation
with M. de Vilkle ; and, after referring to his Excellency's coin-
munisaiions through Sir Charles Stuart, should offer to that Mi-
nister the mediation of his Majesty, between their Most Chris-
tian and Catholic Majesties."
This Letter. iecloses an extract of a dispatch from M. San
Miguel, blininer foe Foreign Affairs at Madrid, to Al. de Co-
lo:sib, dated November 15, 1822, in which he says he has re-
ceieed with tracheae, but without surprise, a verbal cOmmunt
-cation, Hating that the British Government is determined-not.
to interfeie in the domestic affairs of Spain ; he only wonders
that a declaration of such obvious justice has not the soletinity
which it. deserves. The Spanish Minister inthr.ates that Spain
was entitled-n:1 expect ."
something more than simple and ab-
stract justice ; something more than a passive respect for uni-
versal laws, than a cold and insensible neutrality."
Nos. 8. and 9.. are a Letter from the Duke of Wellington,
dated Paris, Dec. 9, 1822, announcing to Mr. Canning that the
dispatches of the three Allied Powers to Midrid are suspended ;
and Mr. Caanimes answer, dated December 13, stating that it is
highly maferialaor the clear and perfect discharge of the duty,
of the British Govertrzet:t, in a question so deeply affecting the
interests not only of the Powers immediately concerned, bet of
the world, that his Grace should not leave Paris, without hav-
ing placed in the hands of the French Government the eventual
offer of his Majesty's mediation.
No. 10 is a Dispatch from the Duke of Wellington to Mr.
Canning, dated Path, December 17, 1822, incloeint a Note ad-
dressed by his Grate to M. de Montmorency. This Note ex-
presses how rejoiced his Grace was at the delay which had been
ioterposed to the transmission of these dispatches to Madrid,
from the three Allied Powers. and at the determination of the
French Government to re.eonsider a measure which the British
Government had so anxiously deprecated. It add:, that as the.
issue of the reference to Verona was still doubtful, if the answer
to that reference should not be such as to preclude all danger of
hostilities, his Majesty would he ready to accept the office of Me-
diator between the French and Spanish Governments; and to
employ his most strenuous endeavours for the adjustment of their
differences, and fOr the preservation of the peace M the world.
No. 11 is a Note from the Duke of Montmorency to the Duke
of Wellington, dated l'aris the 20th December, 1892, stating
that his Most Christian Majesty "has appreciated the sentiments
which have induced the King of England to offer his mediation
to his Majesty, in order to prevent a rupture between hips and
the Spanish Government • But his Majr sty. could not but feel
that the situation of France, with regard to Spain, was not of a
nature to call for a mediation between the two Courts. In fact,
there exists no difference between them, no specific point of dis-
cussion, by the arrangement of which their relations might be
placed on the footing on which they ought to stand. Spain, by
the nature of her Revolution, and by the circumstances with
which it has been attended, has excited the apprehensions of se-
veral great Powers. England rarticipated in these apprehen-
sions; for even in the Year 1820, she foresaw cases, in which it
Would be impossible to, preserve with Sp..in relations of peace,
and good understanding. ' The Note then states that his Most
Christian Majesty cannot accept " the mediation his Britannic
Majesty has been pleased to propose to him."
NO. 12.—. ME. SECRETARY CANNING TO THE VICOMTE
DE MANCELLUS. •
(Rxtract.) Foreign Office. January 10, 1823.
The King has seen with pleasure, that his Most Christian Ma-
jesty does justice to the sentiments which dictated the offer of
his Majesty's mediation : and although the view which is taken
in M. de blontmorency's Note, of the nature of the differences
between the French and Spanish Governments, has induced his
Most Christian Majesty to decline that mediation, the Kingniii
not the less anxiously employ, in every way that is yet open to
him; those" conciliatory dispositions" for which his Most Chris-
tian Majesty gives him credit, to bring about a state of things
less menacing to the peace of Europe, than that which is exhi-
bited in the present position of those two Governments towards
each other.

The British Cabinet had not to learn how fearfully the tran-
quillity of all Europe must be affected by the hostile collision of
France and Spain. Accordingly, in the Duke of Wellington's
Note, the " adjustment' of the supposed 16 differences
between the-Premix and Spanish Governments," was stated as
autillary to " the preservation of the peace of the world." But
the British Cabinet certainly did not understand the questions
brought foiward at Verona, by the Plenipotentiary of his Most
Christian Majesty, with respect to the actual situation and pos-
sible conduct of Spain, to be qwstions in which the concert of
France was so Hutt distinguishable from that of other Powers,
as the Duke de Montmorency's Note repieseuts it.
The Plenipotentiary of the King of France solicited front his
Most Christian Majesty's Allies a declaration—(Here the three
questions propounded in the enclosure of No. 3 are repeated).
France, therefore, originated the discussions upon !Spanish af-
fairs at Verona; and the answers of the three Continental Mem-
bers of the Alliance were addressed to the cases supposed, and
to the support demanded, by France. 1
• la common with the three Continental Powers, the Pientpo-
teutiary of hi Majesty considered the question of peace or war
. .

P F. '• -

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ir

with Spain, as a question *idle* French.' In his answer
(given iskihnuitaneosualy with those,of the three Continental
Powers) to the queries of the French Plenipotentiary, and in all
the dleetwalons which followed thereepon, she 'Duke of Wellin.g-
ton. ormly alleged, as one of his reasons fee sot alaratinvo
the ~skims of M. de Moritmoresey, the iedaseaweer of the
British Govertiment as to the atstecideut kohl tosu.
niunicatioos (during the last two molt (loved-
meats of France and Spain.
No objection was stated by the .IlAiiitlVV4l,74lilet on the
part of the Kind his Master, tit the pirianildnarY enearares of
France, within her own frontier; measures which the, right of
self-defence plainly authorised, not initrigainst the Bann ue rf
contagious disease (in Which they profeeeedly cilginated, aitd to
which, till the month of Stpternber, they *weer reclusively ascri-
bed), but against those inconvenler.ccs which might possibly
arise to France from civil contest in a cottntry separated from
France only by a conventional line of slemareatiOnf against the
moral infectioa of political Intl-line,' ind.agitisst the violation ..f
Frsnch territory by occasional military ir.eursiot.s. Tint ft r.-
peared to his tlajesty's Plenipotentiary at Verona to be neces-
sary and just, that, before he was called upon to promise even-
tually the support of his Government to meaviires un t!•.e pzrt r'f
France which were 'likely to lead to war with Spain, opportu-
nity Should haVe been allowed tot's Government to examine the
grounds of those measures i—that tfai cause of offence-given by
Spain to. France should have been rPecifically defined.
IT WAS TOSIZIORE DlTOSstlit.6 VOW JOS MAJEATv'S PLINIPO-
TESTLART TO " CONCUR" IM TUZ DSCIbIJNS Ul' VicHONA.
It remains for the undersigned to advert to that part of the
French official Note, Which appears to insinuate a reproach
against this country, as if she had abandoned at Verona. opinion,
which she had fortnetly declared with respect' to the affair! of

England," it is said,'' partook, in 1620, of the Lupien:le
width the Revolution in Spain occasioned to many great Powers ;
she foresaw cases in which it might be impossible to preserve
with Spain the relations of good intelligence and peace."
The undersigned must be permitted to say, that though
tions were indeed propounded to England in the year 1020, as
to possible future contingencies in the affairs of Spain, so fir
from " foreseeing cases,' and deciding upon the conduct whi;b
would be applicable to them, in the manner here described, tie
Brig.& Government pacitively declined to bind itself, byes contingent
°larder, to any cenrh*tionnt course of action.
But there was nn indr.pe4tion or hesitation to avow the prin.
ciples upon which the opinion of Ragland would be formed, and
her course of action regulated It was net eel), declared th..t
the British Government nisclaimed any general right of later.
ference in the'internal concerns of independent nations; hut
was specifically stated, that there was perhaps no country of
equal magnitude with Spain Whose internal disturbances would
be so little likely to menace other States with that direct and
itorninfnt danger, which could alone, in exception to the gener-1
rule, justify foreign interference.
The application of these principles to the cases brought for.
ward by France at Verona, was as direct, ate it was cousister.t
with the former professions of the British Cabinet—That apuli..
cation was further enforced by other considerations,
though they had not perhaps been distinctly anticipated is
prospective and hypothetical argument. bore nevertheless With
undeniable force upon the question to be decided at Verona..
Dangers not necessarily arising from the existence of the in-
ternal agitations of Spain, might nevefillats. i:c creii.ed by an
uncalled fur and injadicioui interposition in them. Tile shied
of Revolution, which, shut up within the Pyrerneef, nugl.t
exhaust itself in strugg:es, trying indeed to Spain, but 'amulets
to her neighbours, if called forth from within those precincts by
the provocation of foreign attack, might find perhaps in other
countries fresh aliment for its fury; and might renew throligh-
out Europe, the miseries of the five and twenty years which pre-
ceded the peace of 1815.
For these and abundant other reasons, the voice of his Ma-
jesty's Plenipotentiary at Verona was for peace. The preserva-
tion of general peace is the earnest wish and object of his M..-
jesty ;' and the undersigned is commanded to repeat, that no
means will be left unexhausted by his Majesty's Government,
which the impartial employment of good offices can Jima, re
soothe ihe irritation at present unhappily subsisting between the
Governments of France and Spain, and to prevent, if pos,:hlef
the commencement of hostilities, the consequences of winch ;:t)
human foresight can calculate.

(Signed)

GEORGE CANNING.

No. 15 is a Dispatch frhm the Viscount.de ChaseauhriiLd to
Mr. Secretary Canning, dated Paris, Jae. ra, 11121. It com-
mences by observing that the Cabinet of his Britannic Majesty
would fall into a serious error, if it imagined that Fr..l:ce had
represented to the Congress at Verona the question of Spain, as
having for her an interest entirely. separate trona that of the Al-
lied Powers; on the contrary, he sayi ". Fraser, ei:,cr the
transactions of Aix-la-Chapelle, is closely United witisshe Courts,
who, by their efforts, have re-established peace upon the Con-
tinent," and that the Sovereigns at Verona were of opinion (in
which the French Government coincided), that there was immi-
nent danger to society, in that military anarchy in Spain, i.s
which those principles were put forth anew, which, durnig
thirty years, had occasioned the misfortunes nt Europe.
Tuts dispatch is of great length, but of little importance. The
only poi's!, of interest in M. Chateaubrianti's letti.r will be seen
from the reply of Mr. Canning.

NO. 11.--4111. SECRETARY CANNING TO SIR CHARLZI

STUART.

Foreign (Ace, January 23, 1823%
SlR—Shortly after I had dispatched the messenger yesterday,
M. de Marailus delivered to me the othcial Answer of Al. de
Chateaubriand to the Note addressed by me to M. de AlarcelLs
on the loth instant.

Upon a first consideration, I am by no means sure that it will
be necessary to reply officially to this Note of fil. de Chateau-
briand ; since it in effect admits all the material proposition, of
the Note to which it is an answer. . •
The questions brought forward by France at Verona are as.
knowledged to have beed French questions, in the sense in Which
they are in my Note described to have been such ; that is to
say, the interest of France-is stated in those questions not as
thict from the interest of Europe bat as snore inunealiate-: .iost
it is not denied that the refusal Of his Majesty's Plenipotentiary
to concur in the decisions of Verona, was founded on the omis-
sion by France to substantiate any specific ground of complaint
against the Spanish Gtniernment.
In the subsequent part of M. de-Chateaobriand's Note, while
the assertion of my Note of the 10th instanz7,that (treat Hrozia
had in 1620 declined anticipating hypothetical cases in which it
might be impossible to remain at peaCe with Spain—is disputzd;
the only two cases which are cited in exception to that assertion.,
are cases wholly independent of the principle of interference in
the internal concerns ot other nations.
It is averred, that we admitted the necessity of war against
Spain ; first, if Spain herself should be guilty of aggression against
other States, and secondly and specifically, if she shnied atteual•t
to possess herselt of Portugal.
Unquestionab4, with respect to either of those cases, Great
Britain would admit, not only prospectively and hypothetically,
and as to Spain, but positively and directly as to any ruwen
whatever, that aggression against any of its neighboors would
justify war; and that aggression against Portugal. would impose
upon Great -Britain the duty of protecting her :dig. -
But these admissions leave the question as to the right of irs..
terfere,tee in the affairs of Spain, w erre it wit.
Wi:h respect to that part of Al. de CLateaubriaticrsNote whit\
d:-scribes the nature of the demands intended to be madir-liy
France upon Spain, and takes credit for the moderation of AM;
your Excellency will not fail to observe that our difference *fib
Prance and the Allies throughout, is not as to the arningeinekte
which it might be desirable to obtain from Spain, bat as to IL!
principle on wliich France and the Allies propose to require theft.
We diselalni fOr ourselves, and deny for other Powers; eie
tight of requiring any changes in the internal institutions of in-
! &pendent States, with the sotwace of hoot e mask is caaa.of(4-
fusal. . The moderation pf Owls deonaminits so degree online,
in war eyes such a mode of enforcing time; and fir diswttiop
it is i.e: more important so keep secaffilyin titw, and tcrinsforee
upon tut !hunch Government, it-a Mum wassise *rebuses: sake

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