Star.
London, England, 1830-01-06 00:00:00

for the imputation against our Consul-General. But we
trust' we shall be able to give further informatibn on a
matter which, if true, so materially compromises the in-
terest of Great-Britain in Colombia.

The signature of the Definitive Treaty of Peace, be-
tvreen the Columbian and Peruvian Plenipotentiariei,
utast be hailed by all parties with unfeigned satisfaction.

• BULLITIN XXTRAORDINAny.
"The Department of Governmem has the satisfaction to
minennee to the public, that they have just received of&
441 amounts of the pacification of the province of An-
ders, and the deeds of the traitor generil, Jose Maria
Cordova. One single battle on the 17th inst. by the
'penadiar troop, commaaded by General D. F. O'Leary,
In a place called Seataari, was sufficient to
order. In this act of folly died Cordova with two hundred
OEMs mm; that receiving the reward of his bare
;aroma against the country. We are neat this 11111 F
Muer enabled to give the official documente which
M publithei tansorrovr.
.6 ••
•
"Oiefel infisrmatkin ham also been received thaidhe
pholp seantimise bad signed a treaty' of peace iv" Ike
republic of Pem, to the entire satisitrffien# WA
.
mromeate."
It was currently reported at Cartheipins when the
,peolet sailed, that Mr. Henderson, the 13thich Conerl.
General at Berta, us well as the Frcisch, knerices,rt
Mexican Cassie, had beta ordered to quit Cohen* ha
oomaequenesof baring, it is said, &meow
to the rebellion of Conine against the authority et
The Fithian Coeseependent of the Xseukt, Chronicle,

4
..ass imam es die MN sf perdue is. Faso ow bus
a
lesse thia aegis 63614 esidisiki iiMae Vitt
110 fonowisi istierspisthe. If shilymi gitili
f . '
auliod di I. ISM.IPS Argil an %NW ' t
pawl is tbst esrastry." I elk it Sep, boos"
1 autsby lost Me sipperiss sa• salt** diii-dier

Restoration, few as they were then, and have not the
lAberals quadrupled their malts in the last seven years ;
Are not n3en who were formerly moderate, now violent....
are not those who used to be bold defenders of the cause
of Monarchy and Legitimacy, now the timid advocates of
a system they once would have died to maintain—and are
not ell the youths of France Liberals ? In all public and
private Societies, doss not the advocate of Monarchial
principles appear like SIIMUIPZAILIeS needle in a bundle
of hay ? and when you bear same veteran Royalist, or
young Courtier talk of the Kura and the Royal Family,
is there noto general look of amassment—a titter, and a
souls more of pity than of wrath—as though all would
say, "bit possible that such things as KINGS and
Monarchical principles are yet thought of ?" The cf n-
versation stops—a silence succeeds, and the rash orator
is soon left to listen to the dying echoes of his own
Royalist voiccs—
•' The Utter& are Dot bpi."

The prosecution of African discoveries has not been
abandoned by our Government. Geography is already
indebted to 'this country, for her knowledge—such
as it ii—;of the course and sources of the Niger;
and from the activity which has been displayed,
and still exists, in the conduct of our re-
searches in the interior of Africa, there is fair ground
for hoping that we may also have the credit of ascertain-
ing the termination of that great river, which has excited
so much interest in modern times.

A new Expedition is now on the point of departing
for this purpose, and heartily do we wish that it may
escapes similar catastrophe to that, which has seemed
uniformly to await hitherto all adventurers into that savage
region. Mr. LAN/ma—who attended Captain Ct. APPER-
TOW in his last journey to tilicastoo—and his brother, are to
have the, direction of this expedition : the seal and intelli-
gence of Mr. LANDat are too well known, to need eulogy
from us. The two brothers are to embark immediately in a
vessel, which is to sail direct for the Gold Coast,
whence they will proceed to Badagry, in the Bight
of Benin, taking with them a son of the Krim of that
country, who is now receiving his education at the
British school, at Cape Coast Castle. The expedi-
tion, is then to penetrate into the interior to Bolan.
by the route which was followed by Captain CLAP-
Pal/TON—endeavouring, in its progress, to recover
Mr. PAnyes papers, which there is reason to believe are
still in existence —and then to trace the Niger to
the sea, or wherever else it may be found to ter-
minate. For it is an opinion of some distinguished
geographers that it does not reach the sea, but loses itself
in an internal lake. The expedition has our hearty
prayers for its success.

Rio.—A private letter before us, after giving those
interesting details which have already appeared, of the
enthusiastic reception of the Empress of the BRAZILS
and the Queen of PORTUGAL at Rio de Janeiro, on the
16th October; and stating the important fact of Donna
MARIA holding her own Court separately from that of
Broil,--adds,—" the frigate Maria Isabella is ordered
to England with a messenger from the EMPEROR' car-
rying the political decision of the affairs of Portugal.
The frigate is to sail six days after the Sphyas packet ;
and another frigate, with two transports, were in readi-
ness to bring the Portuguese emigrants to Europe."

CITY, TwsLys o'CLocz.

Coos*, which left off yesterday at Mig for the Account, opened
this morning at the same price, and u yet litde speculation testa,
forward. The departure of the great City speculator for Paris
wal rather teed to damp the market, and prevent operations of
great magnitude until his arrival at Paris. Consols at present may
be quoted 9bj to the Foreign Market little doing as yet.

We are Wormed that the Brasil Meister yesterday afternoon
entradieted the report toe several days past of the new Dnailies
Li"
Ap we stated yesterday, the Revenue for the Quarter is net so
usievourabk u was anticipated ; in consequence of which, the
Ilpdi condone steady, without experiencing a &premien.

We have received files of Nassau Papers, and regret to state that
the, troops are rather unhealthy, and that Mr. Gordon, of the gd
West India Beghnent, had fallen. Sir Marla findtb, the new
Governer of the Bahamas, had not arrived, but was hourly es-
reed.
Leviarom, Jan. 4.—The sales this week in British Plantadon
sugar mounted only to 400 Ws. but the prices keep steady ; be.
sides which, 530 bags of fine white Bengal have been taken at
7114. H. per cwt. Coffee remains steady. The sales of cotton this
we& sammeted to 15,40 bags, of witkh 4,000 have been taken es
spocidutins : pekes have improved fully iof a penny per lb. In-
digdecedmes In limited rarest.

HALF-PAST ONZ

Cools have continued steady dosing the morning at 95i to
foe the Account, with some business doing, but not to any great
• In the Foreign Market speculation are awe active, particu-
larly M Osiambi= Sleeks which fell this menalag two per met.
la conasionace of krypton that Bother has beat moth indisposed,
bat by the last ocausts be was recoveries ; also by the report of
the British, Fresh, and Mathes Comb being obliged to leave
Bogont;ospected of bobs imulleatod In the lese all* of Cade...
It is understood in the City that the management of
the reduction of the Four per Cents. as far as they are to
be reduced, is to be entrusted by the Chancellor of the
Exchequer to the great Jewish speculator whose opera-
tions have so much influence on the Funds.
The Ron. Jour COLE, second son of the Earl of Ex-
' MILIAN ; atibra at Florence-court, on Thursday last,
to join a Christmas party at present spending the holidays
at Floresoireourt.
The Hea. Colonel ifoLiriraux, Bth Hussars, has ar-
rived at Porboindlo Barracks, from a visit of some weeks
at the Earl of Barrow's, Croxteth Hall, Liverpool.
. A paregraphist has found out that up to the close of
Mania, 939 speeches were spoken in the English Pull:I-
-ONA on the Catholic Question, and that up to the 13th
of April, whet the Relief Bill got the Royal Assent, 234
were aided. This make a total of 1173 speeches on one
.queedon in a single Bessioal!
THE UNEMPLOYED Pool.—Thole benevolent per-
iwig) who have undertaken to investigate the state of the
imesapioyed poor of Leeds, unanimously declare that the
reatextent of misery greatly exceeds all that they bad
previously oemeeived of the secret and unobtrusive oaf-
hoing do* mulattos. At the meeting of the relief
Asa Theesday. last, the mun of £316 Ile. 3d.
was valid to 636 families, et 2,290 persons, for four
.Oopply. Since that day, no less than 713 atldi-
hies Uwe hen retuned as proper objects of
selist.eisolohog cirogethes, to 1,471 (TOW, st Ant
tow mdmilde..stais hteuirlicer.

COLUMBIA.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE STAB.
LETTER X.

Boom, Sm. 50, 1.2!.

SI R—ln effect there did exist in Columbia various *le-
mmata of discontent, weakness, and disunion ; the legis-
lature bad, during its different Sessions, sown the seeds
of troubles. Many of its members had been rashly en-
thusiastical, or stimulated by a fever for improvement.
They pretended to recompose the state of society, by
dissolving all that was existing. In their impetuosity they
sought to perform in one day the work of ten years.
They agitated all the great questions of social order ; and
without reflecting that laws are like plants, which re-
quire climate and situation analagous to their nature, they
dictated a multitude of Reforms, unsuited to our condi-
tion. The Congresses, by legislating too much, caul
no: •••ive due attention to their works. They frequently
deiepted to the executive the faculty of making laws, or
decrees having the force of laws • and the legislative
power being thus undermined, it lost the respect and
confidence of the people. The attributes of the legisla-
ture and administration being overcharged and con-
founded, neither one nor the other, could execute their
own peculiar functions. Moreover, in the judicial as well
as in the administrative system, there remained many de..
fects of Spanish origin. Considerable obstacles were
opposed to the administration of justice by the Confusion
which prevailed in the legislation ; by the paucity of tri-
bunals ; by the great distances the litigant parties had
to go for redress of wrongs, or restitution of rights ; and
by the want of diligence in some of the magistracy. In
the military department " there was an absurd medley
a dissonant contradiction between our social principles,
and our military laws. Inevitable disorders were also
frequent from the want of proper administration." Our
system of revenue was irregular; our taxes not properly
productive. There were duties which impeded agricul-
tural improvement : the country did not afford much con-
tributable matter; and we could not square oar income
with our immense, and indeed, indUpensable, expendi-
tures. Various uds were practised, and the contra-
band trade was a scandal to morality, and mast prejudi-
cial to the public interest. The laws were all defied, or
eluded ; for the parties charged with their execution met
with serious obstacles from an ignorant and slothful po-
pulation, especially in fiscal transactions ; which from their
nature require time, seal, activity, and intelligence. The
people were discontented because they were taxed ; as sa-
crifices were required from them, without sufficient com-
pensation; because they were treated harshly, and
were harassed by some of the agents of power. The army
was disgusted, because their exertions and privations had
not received due recompense, or even consideration ; and
the principal departments being but slenderly united, a
separation was to be apprehended.
The epoch of the elections for the first magistracies of
the republic, consummated the ills of war, ignorance, and
poverty i—jealousies, rivalries, and ambition. were un-
chained ; the most reprehensible means were re-
sorted to for the acquisition of the vice-presidentship ;
and the Press became a lash with which all the Furies
assailed Columbia. " The great crisis of nations must
not be ascribed to minor causes." They have always
been prepared by previous transactions ; and when the
explosion takes place, it is only as when a spark falls on
a collection of saltpetre. The accusation of a Chief—
(General PAEll)—who possessed the most distinguished
titles to national esteem, was only the incident which
exploded the mine already charged. The impeackeent
being formed and adopted by men who were lovers of
liberty—but who deceived themselves by thinking that in
a conflict
of passions, speculative ideas can exercise their
away—we saw the Hero ready to ground to the sceptre
of the law, that sword which had flashed with glory in a
hundred combats. But revoking that disposition, and
indignant at his treatment, days of the bitterest grief and
.sorrowing were prepared for the country.
The ominous movement of VALENCIA, and the ille-
gal acts which followed in the West, echoed through the
Isthmus and the Equator ; and it was then perceptible to
all how frail were the foundations that our political ar-
chitects had given the Government of Columbia. Pas-
sion and prejudice have almost always been more persua-
sive than reason and sound policy. Thus, at this season
of melancholy retrospect, we saw the most com-
plete disorder, subversive of all the conservative
principles of social order. Obligations and oaths were
no longer respected; certain municipalities usurped
the national Representative Power. Sometimes an
armed force deliberated against the objects of its insti-
tution, and sought the adoption of the fcederal system ;
others required the Bolivian code ; others assumed the
rights of sovereignty; others demanded a dictator. Here
a Hanseatick establishment was proposed; there com-
plete independence was resolved on. Others determined
to maintain the government as instituted. Some voices
were heard for a constitutional monarchy ; to-day the
same people required fcedemtion ; to-morrow a mere
vigorous concentration, bordering on despotism ; there
was in fact such a divergence of opinions, that there was
no possibility of agreement.
The Press, which has rendered such services to the
cause of eternal reason.—the Press which had erected
itself into a Tribunal, " before which criminals of every
rank tremble," at this period prostituted its holy Minis-
try ; and making itself a tool to the fury of parties, was
now directed by the violent defenders of existing insti-
tutions, then by the partisans of reforms ; and propa-
gating every where error and exaggerated principles--
co-mingled with some truths and fundamental MONIUIIIII
of social order—it disseminated calumny, scattered
through the land anarchical doctrines, and excited all the
most egotistical passions.
In such a state of effervescence, all restraints--all
authority—were shamelessly defied; distress and fear
pervaded' the Republic; credit was destroyed; and
with it, all consideration abroad—our friends were dis-
heartened, our enemies encouraged ; commerce was
paralized, useful enterprises were suspended ; coati&
butions were unpaid; the revenue diminished; the
anxieties of government augmented from the banal
.state of affairs, and also from external eireualdlMOoll *Or-
rible bankruptcy menaced ; the Earth itself quaked under
us, and fratricidal cannon boomed at a distance. The
exterminating angel appeared already with uplifted arm
to fall on Columbia, •and replunge her in that chaos beta
which she had been snatched by so many of the valiant
of her children.
Happily the State possessed one of these veins.
which can master events, and render innexistes
the most terrible cheumstances—a mins, formed
"to ride in the whirlwind and direct the stores."
Bomeme, prisms titer primes, of our heroes and patriots,
had received from the Afoot High the minks to be the
appeasor of our discord. He was the only hops diet re-
mained to unfortunate Columbia: he WA the
anchor that could save us from the shipwreck
menaced us in this raging sea of coundeloa
GARCIA DIL 110 1