Star.
London, England, 1822-05-21 00:00:00

resolving ,
The House
-sr. DAVENPORT moved, as an Amenctnient,
that the article of Thrown Silk be withdrawn from
the other aTticles enumerated in the first clause.
Mr. BASTARD hoped an opportunity would be
afforded the Silk Manufacturers to be heard by Counsel.
Mr. T. WILSON, with the highest respect for the,
talents and exertions of the Right Hon. Gentleman,
the introducer of the Bill, thought that he viewed the
proceedings of the Deputation of the Silk Manufac-
turers with too indignant a feeling.
Mr. ELLICE considered it due to the Silk Mann-
facturers, that on a proceeding affecting, as they sup-
posed, their interests, they should have had some pre-
vious notice of the provisions of the Bill. That trade
had made considerable progress in the country.; it
had recently been under the consideration of a Com-
mittee of that House, whose Report was most favour-
able, and therefore it was that its manufacturers ought
to have been consulted as to any alteration intended,
by the present Bill—(Hear, henry—lle did not see
any cause for the apprehensions that the Silk Manu-
facturers entertained relative to the extent of the pre-
sent measure, although it was to be recollected that
this thrown silk was a manufactured article. He
hoped, however, that the present Bill would be al-
lowed to go through the Committee, and that on a
future stage the interests of the Silk Manufacturers
would be attended to, and a full discussion allowed
—(Hear, hear).—With that understanding, that the
Silk Manufacturers should have a full opportunity
to state their case, he should allow the present Bill to
pass through the Committee, the Right Hon. Gentle-
man who introduced it (Mr. Wallace) signifying his
assent to such understanding—(Hear, hear).
Mr. WALLACE assented to the propositioi of the
Hon. Member for Coventry (Mr. Ellice) ; he had no
wish to refuse the fullest opportunity to parties inte-
rested to defend their interests.

Mr. M. A. TAYLOR expressed his determination
to oppose any subversion of that Navigation Code to
which, under HEA vex, the maritime superiority and
glory of Great Britain was attributable. He would'
not support the Amendment, though not hostile to
the silk-manufacturer, because he wished the Bill to'
be loaded with every
.mischief that was likely to se-
cure its defeat,(Hear,lear, ! and a laugh).
Mr. ELLICE recommended the. Hon. Member for
Cheshire (Mr. Davenport) to withdraw hit Amend-
ment, witfi the understanding that .another oppcitiit-
Pity for final decision would be allowed..
Mr. RICARDO observed, that it was a, hippy
omen to see that so many Hon. Gentlemen. were now
of opinion that our system admitted of improvement
—(Hear, hear.)—The present Bill was complaned of;
the only complaint he had against it, was, in the de-
velopement of its principle; it did not go far enough
—(Hear, hear).—He only trusted that the Right Hon.
Gentleman who introduced it would have the courage
to go on—(Hear, hear ! and a laugh).
Mr. BROUGHAM did not rise to oppose the mea-
sure of the Right Hon. Mover—it was a very mode-
rate portion of the commencement of an improve-
ment in our commercial system. It was his duty,
in the year 1817, to have submitted propositions
to that House, founded on the same principle, and,
indeed, in part embracing the very same results, yet,
extraordinary as it might seem, those very proposi-
tions, nay, the very identical improvement, com-
prehended by the present Bill, was at that time op-
posed most violently by the Right Hon. Gentleman
who proposed the peseta Bill,, and indeed not only
by him, but by a thick set Treasury Bench, who de-
termined to meet the commercial pressure of that
period by passing to the orders of the day. It was,
however, a gratification to think, that we lived in a
state of improvement, and that the measures recom-
mended five years ago by Opposition Members, were
now brought forward under the auspices of those who
not only had the power of carrying them into effect,
but who also possessed the peculiar power of making
that independent majority on whose decision all things
depended, now verbally approve the very proposi-
tions, which but a short time past they had voted to
be visionary and absurd. The present Bill, as far as it
went, had his support—there was this moral attached
to it-.--that the House of Commons ought not to
be so forward to reprobate pinpositions founded on
the deductions of the ablest men of the closet and
of public life, and then within a few years condemn
itself to the irksome duty of acknowledging, not
alone these truths, but its own errors; declaring to
the world that it imported nothing what the merits of
any proposition were, but that all depended on the
consideration from what side the measure came-,-
(Hear, hear).—The Hon. Member proceeded to say,
that finding the relaxation had begun on a point where
he had not expected it, he trusted that some further
relaxations would take place on these points, where
a liberal policy was more undoubtedly the interest of
the merchant and the nation. If such relaxations
were proposed, he was sure that they would be re-
ceived with that consentaneous chorus of cheers which
the House had heard on the present occasion. He
hoped in the first place, that the principle of this Bill
would be made more effectual, by being applied to
the criminal law as well as the commercial policy of
the country, and also to the system of taxation ; and
in the next place he trusted that when similar propo-
sitions should emanate from his side of the House,
they would meet with more liberal treatment than
they were accustomed to receive from the Ministerial,
benches, and better fortune from the House at large.
He heartily rejoiced that the Petitioners were to be
heard,although they had lost the opportunity by lathes.
The safest error in such a case was to throw the door
open to inquiry for the Bill, if passed into a law,
would then be passed with greater general content-
ment, and be productive of more' xtensive relaxation.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER expressed his
satisfaction that the Hon. and Learned Gentleman would give
the Bill his *upon on any consideration ; and also to defend the
several propositions of his Rig& Hon. Friend the President of
the Basil' of Trade.
Mr. ELLICE said, that if the House agreed to take off the
restrictions now imposed on trade, it should also consent to take
off all the burdens in the shape of taxation to which it was liable.
If he did not believe Ministers to be in earnest in their anxiety
to take off all the burden, on the shipping interest, it would be
more adviseable to leave the laws as they were at present. With

next Adjournmad the Mows
lat journed a••• • au_ _ - fonot6ng.—Tbe House the t OnesealieL • •

ACC OU* Nt OF SUMS OF MONEY
DUE TO THE CROWN OF GREAT BRITAIN FROM
FOREIGN STATES, SINCE THE YEAR 1792.
AUSTRIA-4795.
fly the Convention signed at Vienna, 4th May, 1795, his Im-
.perial Majesty engager regularly to discharge the half-yearly di-
vidends on the Loan of £1,600,000 to be raised for his service;
the repayment of the Loan being SECURED ON THE RE,
VENUES OF THE HEREDITARY DOMINIONS OF
HIS IMPERIAL MAJESTY, £4,600,000.
1797.
By the Declaratka signed at Westminster, 16th May, 1797,
a Loan of £1,640,000, being to be raised for the repayment of
the advances Made by Great Britain on account of the former
Loan. his Imperial Majesty engages to pay the dividends on
the said Loan of £1,620,000 every six months; the same secu-
rity as before being provided for the repayment of this Loan,
£1,620,000.—The whole of these sums remain doe, as also the
following sum, which has been paid for interest on said Loans:
AN ACCOUNT or TNT SUM PAID NT ORNAT NUTAIIN, AS INTZLIST ON

THIS LOANS RAU= TON TEE ZNIP2NON OP OIiKANT.
AU the charges on the first Loan were paid by the Emperor
of Germany, to the Ist day of May, 1797, from which period
the rharges hare been paid by Great Britain.—Total interest
due, £10,601,953. ss.

1800.
By the Convention signed at Vienna, 20th June, 1800, a Loan
of .42,000,000, being to be advanced by Great Britain for the
service of Austria (of which a proportion of cone,or two-thirds was
paid). his Imperial Majesty engages, after the expiration of six
months following the conclusion of peace, to pay the interest of
the sum advanced, and to appropriate a sum to the gradual re-
demption of the Loan of £2,000,000.—N0 part of this sum has
been paid.

UNITED STATES.-1803.

By the Convention signed at London, Bth January, 1802, the
United States are to pay to Great Britain, in discharge of certain
claims of British subjects, X600,000.—T4c whole of this sum has
been paid. _ _

PORTUGAL-1809.

By the Convention signed at London,2lst April, 1809, a Loan
of £BOO,OOO being raised in London for the service of his Most
Faithful Majesty, the Prince Regent of Portugal undertakes to
pay the interest of the same, and to provide a Sinking Fund of
Al pet cent. for the gradual liquidation of the principal, the RE-
VENUES of the ISLAND of MADEIRA, Ac. being AS.
SIGNED as a SECURITY, for the DUE FULFILMENT
of his engagements, £600,000.

The all;wing sums were paid im account of this Loan by the
Portuguese Government, viz. On account of interest, X 163,520.
18s. On account of Redemption, $lBO,OOO. Total, 4343,020.185.

1815.

By the Treaty signed atVienna,22d January,lBls, the further
payments upon .the above Loan of £600,000, arc remitted.

FRANCF..-1815..
By the definitive Treaty signed at Parts,2oth November, 1815,
the pecuniary indemnity to be paid by France to the Allied
Powers is fixed at 700s000p00 francs; and by the protocol of
the same date, Great Britain is to receive, as her share of the
said indemnity, the sum of 100,000,000 francs. The whole of
this claim has been settled.

By the Convention of the 20th November, 1815, 50,000,000
francs are to be annually paid by France, for the pay, clothing,
&c. of the Allied Army of Occupadon • and by the protocol of
the same date, Great Britain is to receive out of the said sum
10,714,285 franc; 71 cents per annum. Tie whole of this claim,
has been settled.

IRISH GRAZIERS' MONOPOLY.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE STAR.

SlR—The cause offimine in the grazing districts
of Ireland, and of superabundance in Great Britain,
may be traced to the Irish Graziers',monopoly. Ave-
raging the live cattle imported into Great Britain
in the two last years at two years growth, at least
20,000,000 pounds of butchers' meat, in live cattle,
are annually imported from Ireland. Considering
the several casualties attendant on the growth and
export of cattle, this quantity cannot be produced
from a lesser number of acres than 100,000.
As butchers' meat requires at least four years to
grow, by this annual quantity of supply, 400,000
acres of the British soil are either thrown out of cul-
tivation, or are transferred from. grazing to tillage.
Four hundred thousand acres will produceannually
from one to two millions of quarters of corn ; yet Mr.
Curwen is anxious that the British farmers should be
induced to convert their land from tillage-to pasture:
and yet the only permanent and staple employment
for the Irish peasantry is in the growth of corn—in
the growth of butchers' meat they have none.
Than Ireland, there is no country in the civilized
world which trades in the export of butchers' meat—
not even the United States, whose population is the
most rarified, and whose extent of territory is un-
known. In the year 1816, the United States exported
but 33,249 barrels of beef—a quantity not more than
sufficient for the supply of their marine. There is no
later official data in publication in this country. In the
year 1821, Ireland exported 70,504 barrels of beef.
At least 700,000 Irish acres are employed in the
growth of butchers' meat for foreign consumption, or
one-twentieth part of the whole productive land
throughout Ireland.
The Irish Counties whose peasantry are writhing
under the most deadly of all human calamities, pesti-
lence and famine, are the principal grazing Counties,
namely, Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Clare, Tipperary,
Galway, Roscommon, and Mayo; and yet these Coun-
ties are among the most naturally fertile in Ireland.
It is said the potatoe crops in those Counties have
failed—that they have been inundated. No wonder
the potatoe crops in those grazing Counties have been
inundated, because, while quadrupeds luxuriate on
the fertility of the soil, the ill-fated peasantry have
to reside in bogs.
But those Counties are more distantly apart, the
one from the other, than they are respectively from
the provinces of Leinster and Ulster; notwithstand-
ing, there is a surplus of food is those provinces, be-
cause, since the Union, those provinces have ad-
vanced from grazing to tillage, and the peasantry
from the shepherd's or herdsman's state, or demi-
savageism, to civilizations and the improved condi-
tion of the peasantry in those provinces, as compared
with the actual condition of the peasantry in the
provinces of Munster and Connaught, is the best pos-
sible exemplification of the fact, that the Irish Gra-
ziers' monopoly is, and has been, the cause of Ire-
land's woes. Thus the peasantry in the provinces of
unstor and Ciiiinaught are reduced to famine And
pestilence at home, that brutes may fatten to be con-
sumed abroad!

There is no parallel case to be found in the civi-
lized world for this human degradation, that the

economy
in the • _of Messrs Ricardo
and Malthus ?• an nt ature herself _
suggests,
that %the human has become too numerous for the
brute population, and that the latter must give way
to the former.
Indeed, so long back as the year 1776; it was ob-
served by Dr. Adam Smith, that in that period the
market for butchers' meat was everywhere confined
to the country which produced 'it ; that Ireland and
the United States carried on a considerable trade in
salt provisions, but they were, he believed, the only
countries in the commercial world which then did so,.
or which exported to other countries any consider-
able part of their butchers meat. Certain it is, that
the abandonment of this trade by the United States
has not retarded their prosperity; and if this trade
appeared exceptionabk, in the year 1776, to the mind •
of the founder of politiCal economy, may it.-not he
deserving of the consideration of Parliament, now
that the population of Ireland is seven millions, whe-
ther the Irish Graziers (those feudal Lords) monopoly
shall not be forthwith totally abolished, or, at most,
restricted to the Government demand for salted beef?
—And the more so, when it is further considered
that this monopoly' is the direct cause of the illicit
trades in distillation and smuggling, which are ex-
tensively carried on in the grazing districts, to the
prejudice of the revenue, and in which illicit trades
the otherwise unemployed peasantry are absolutely
disciplined to transgress the laws.
And further, As the Irish capital employed in the
growth of butchers' meat for export neither circu-
lates among the peasantry nor requires a circulating
medium, the peasantry have to Garter their labour
for potatoe ground, notwithstanding the trifling
demand for it.

As land cannot be a medium of currency, millions
of the peasantry are thus restricted from being con-
sumers of products of British commerce and ma-
nufactures.

Notwithstanding, Great Britain has been, and con,
tinues to Le, dependent on foreign countries for the
supply of corn, while Ireland has been supplying,
and continues to supply, the Colonies with salted beef.
That a mother country should supply her Colonies
with butchers' meat is inexplicable, inasmuch as it
requires eight acres of medium land to supply one
individual with one pound per day throughout the
year, and to keep up this quantum of supply for a
succession of years. •
But, to abandon herself to foreign countries for.
the supply of bread, and to abandon her peasantry
to misery, and crime, and famine, and pestilence—to
supply her Colonists with salted beef, is beyond all
human conjecture. Where is Mr. Ricardo? Where
is Mr. Malthus?

However, reduced as the Irish peasantry in the
grazing districts lamentably are, to famine—and it
is immaterial to our argument whether from the
want of food; or from the want of the wages of
labour to purchase food—it is impossible for a sug-
gestion to emanate from the human mind which is
more likely to brighten the gloomy perspective that
hovers over their destiny, than their immediate em-
ployment in the growth of corn.
Policy demands the immediate abolition of the
Irish graziers' monopoly, in deference to the• dis-
tress of the British agriculturists; and humanity
makes a still more urgent demand to the very same
effect, in behalf of the Irish peasantry—the most
afflicted of GOD'S creatures.

It were absurd to suppose that, should this mono-
poly be abolished, the Irish graziers would permit
their land to be out of cultivation. Quite the oppo•
site—those graziers are the most wealthy practical
agriculturists in the United Kingdom, indeed, they
are the only living representatives of the farmers
general of old: No—they would employ the pea-
santry in the growth of corn ; and the best protection
would be thereby afforded to the British agricultu-
rists, from being again overthrown by their foreign
contemporaries.
In the meantime, how could the million which it
is proposed to expend on public works in Ireland,
be expended to more general national advantage than
in Counties to encourage the employment of the
peasantry in the growth and manufacture of wheat ;
in the Counties of Cork, Limerick, Clare, Kerry,
Tipperary, Galway, Roscommon, Mayo, Src. ?
Were the bounties payable on the export of flour
to the colonies and foreign countries, while the price
of wheat shall be under 70s. a quarter in the English
market. the multiplication of mills will not be ob-
jected to • while, from the paucity of their number,
though the price of wheat is not 20 per cent. higher
in the London than in the Paris market, the price of
wheat-bread is 100 per cent. cheaper in the latter
capital. To proceed by this simple arrangement the
British agriculturists would be very sensibly relieved,
the peasantry would be permanently employed
and emancipated from the cause of their unparalleled
afflictions, and Great Britain would be emancipated
from her dependence upon the caprice of foreign
countries for bread.

To conclude—the onus probandi we transfer to the
Irish graziers. If they cannot prove there is another
country in the civilized world which trades in the
exportation of butchers' meat, then Ireland should no
longer be an exception to the otherwise universal rule.
But of the several monopolies which bear down the
British agriculturists, the Irish graziers is certainly
the most onerous. It is the cause of extensive dis-
tress in Great Britain, and of crime, and pestilence,
and famine in Ireland,--then every voice in the
United Kingdom slipuld exclaim aloud for its imme-
diate abolition.
)lay 11,1822. • K. T.
ELEGANT GLASSES, FURNITURE, &c.—The No.
Whey and Gentry aie invited' to inspect the Ware.
rooms of Coopoo and' Sox, 93, Bishopsgate-street
Within, uhereis exhibited an•assortment of new and
second-hand Plate Glosses, admirably suited to every
description of drawing or dining-rooms. In the fur-
niture department is comprised every new and ele-
gant article of upholstery, cabinet, and chair-work,
Ole prices of which are 'reduced to such a scale of
economy as to attract and ensure the patronage of
rauik antdiallion..

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I the Choooillst af Wto *charier, so be ties stoutest ems, el the AfeihiiiitOttrild its haunt, ion .nde et fat* their firtre la the OtO(4110011' an bil Poirsoisist his ill lielswekthillikk Om asidovilvAnallean all in- fir= interests, and they las lindigenoto -t° Of iiihm^iFe stimenk .
,led ,____ . free tridrairlio dame Irts &en smog fo;. .
be praised, nor blamed, for their clecsmspectioA, len= I me maimilhas. slid dam by menu, sad some „Ad exists in Irehtirla incasepoly. by which, in ono year,
on it was recollected that the maritime ireatness of this amendotamomn wormed end negatived witbent diettudoi,„_ 60,000 of our fel)ow-subjectowsura hurried into the.
country was essentially connected with the prosperity I On a verbeloosndinsat proposed hy Mr. lit,ossoust; the Hattie grave ; and by which momilialy, in this year of ex-
was lest If a use}oettY of 67 cots. traordinary plenty, millions are reduced to famine,
ich of the shipping interest.--(flear hail. divided; thitestoimunt.
The enotaiatteas were thee t the Hasse resauted, in my The question for the Speakerleaving the Chair and
ed be . w t. a country. prciverliallor Its yrtigityr.
and the Report was to oon .ay nex in- the House resolving itself into a Committee, was then The of LONDONDIUtitYpoe maim, that ow Than this, what subject in our political economy
[in_ carried,—The House being in Committee—: Friday noillilirtwoold move the A. ' meal of the Mouse ,is more deserving of the attention el Messrs .Ricardo
from that day till the Tinooday f '..--Tbe House then and Malthus ?. But Nature herceli loiagn... ell lIPM/bet, A
are Mr. DAVENPORT moved, as an Amendment,
lourned at One fem.& •
~t,.1 that thg. nrti..1....t ri...-...- oni_ L- •-.1.. A l

'MU tar pats-wage oc