Star.
London, England, 1822-06-21 00:00:00

•
ON THE RELATIft PRICII2 OP MEAD
AND .WHISAT. •
•
TO TAB
EDITOR OP Tat *TAIL
Sts—Observing in one of•the•Newspapers some
'observations on monopoles, several of which happen
to he known and felt y, people on the. • side of
the Tweed, I beg leave to hand you ter, as
referring to sundry parts of Scotland, . • ich ma
not be inapplicable to London, or Engl. fr.' general.
I shall premise by noticing that the Government
can do little for the Agricultural Intere* at present.
May I beg to express my opinion of what it might
do for the community of town and country, and
thereby benefit the farmers in the way of extra con-
' sumption of wheat at least? and I must also maintain
that the data of all calculations .on these subjects
ought to be taken from original foundations : for
instance,, the price of bread should be taken from
that of wheat, and not from that of flour. In order
to accomplish this, and to steer clear of all kinds of
fluctuation. in Currency or depreciation of metals, as
well as to secure a constant and fair profit, including
expenses, to the baker, let the price of wheat be what
it may, and at the same time get rid of tables of As-
size—allow the baker's profits and expenses should
be taken from certain parts of the wheat, or material
itself. We all know that from fourteen to fifteen
quartern loaves may be made, of 41b. sioz. from a
Winchester bushel of the best wheat, exclusive of the
coarse bran (that is the whole produce of wheat,
coarse bran excepted); and that twelve of those may
be made as good and fine as are generally. sold in
London, Edinburgh,Glasgow, &c. This being the
case, the second flour, thirds (or in London the mid-
dlings and pollards, &c.), and the bran, might go to
the bakers for profit and expenses; making the fine
loaf at all times of a certain weight, so as to pay them
in fall for everything. Suppose twelve loaves of 41bs.
each from the bushel, .of a certain fixed quality,
which may be regulated by the bolting-cloth ; and if
twelve loaves, larg,et or lesser loaves, but at all rates
twelve loaves from the &the!, would have the effect
of mating the price of bread as one penny in the loaf,
to each- shilling in the price of the bushel of wheat;
and for every odd threepence-in the bushel of wheat,
one fat thing on the loaf. For example: if wheat is
6s. the price of the loaf would be 6d. if 6s. 3d. per
bushel, the loaf would be 6id, and so on ; 63.6 d. per
bushel, 61d. 6s. 9d. per bushel, the loaf 6/d. 7s. seven-
pence, for any price, high or low. Itltsivover, when
wheat is very high priced, the Public are not loses s
by any extra allowance the taker may crave for em-
ploying extra capital.
The bakers ought to have mills of their own (and
the coarse bran will do more than pay the expense),
or this plan will not answer: by this means the bakers
secure the millers profit for themselves 2nd the Public.
They•also have above 20 per cent, of water in the
'loaf, the second and third flour, or middlings and
ipollard, and so much fine as will make up the whole
for a fair profit. Consideration must be had as to
the quantity of fine flour from a bUshel of average
wheat; but this I cannot speak of, although I am
convinced that the average weight of wheat, at 561 b.
is under-rated as an average for England, per Win-
chester. The bakers of Edinburgh and Glasgow, as
well as most towns. in Scotland, have mills of ieir
own, some forming Companies, &c. Why may they
not do so in London, or in any part of England ? I
do not pretend to say what profit the bakers should
have, to cover their expenses, in London ; in Scot,
land they have, by accident or design, two shillings
per bushel on the wheat (contrary to any law there),
which at present is more than. 33 per cent.—say 20
per cent by water, and often 10 per cent. mote by
the real average pi ice of wheat not being taken, but
the highest price in the market or county. Now here
is upwards of 60 per cent. which the very poorest pay
on their bread. Your London bakers, it would seem,
have only fourteen shillings on the sack of flour, and
the Bakers Company lay on the remainder, to make
up, at this time, 9d. the loaf of 41bs. Sioz. whereas
the loaf at this time should not exceed 7d. I have
known the trade for thirty years, when the whole
profit and expenses were covered by Is. 3d. per
bushel; but then the bakers were not so rife in the
-Royal Burgh Councils as they now are.—l am, Sir,
Tweed Side, June 17. A CONSTANT READER.

The following is an extract of a letter received a
few days ago trom Tiromas M'Culloch, stocking-
weaver (transported for being engaged it: the Bonny-
muir business), addressed to his wire, in Glasgow :

" Sydney, New South Wales, Oct. 12, 1821.
" I send you theie few lines, hoping they will find you and
the children in good health, as they leave me at present, thank
Goa for it. We arrived here on the 18th of May, all in good
health (after being at sea five months). I was taken off the stores
by a Mr. I'anton, a native of Scotland, and employed by him as
a labourer; but not agreeing with me, he was so kind as to trans-
fer me to a Captain Irvine, and I am to be with him as a house-
servant, and I am going to remove about 40 milcs up the country.
" If you think of coming here, there shall be nothing wanting
on My part to bring you, as I have every encouragement from
several Gentlemen that can enable me to do so—your presence
here will free me from bondage; as any man's wife that comes
here as a free settler can take her husband from Government
employment, or being a servant to any'of them. Captain Irvine
has.pronaised to do everything for as to make us comfortable.—
By yo'ur friends applying to the Secretary of State, at London,
you could obtain for us SOO or 400 acres of land. tis A. Darr-
son's wish that his wife would come here also, and we will en-
deavour to get you out both together; but If you do not think
' of coming, I hope that you and the rest of my friends will do all
they can to obtain a mitigation of my sentence, as my mind never
can be at rest till I be with you and the rest of my family.
" Sir Thomas Brisbane arrived here two days ago; he is to
be our new Governor, and the Governor can pardon any man
he thinks proper; a great many have obtained their liberty since
we arrived here. Captain Irvine, Mr. Wemyss, Commissary-
General, and other Gentlemen have promised to befriend us ;
and the whole tabour party are much respected here by the most
respectable people in this country; and If you will only come
out; steady man and woman can-do well, as they arc very rare
articles to be found here. •

" Andrew Dawson, James Cleland, John M• Millar, and Allan
Murchie, are kept in Government employment, on account of
their being blicksmiths,who are very valuable in this put of the
world; W. Clarkson and John Anderson are with DJr. Lord, a
respectable gentleman, who much esteems them; A. Johnsen. is
principal servant to the Commbeary-General ; Thos. W4?arlane
and Thos. Pink are'svith the Barrack-Master; James Wright is
-elsoposan to a Dr. Phillips ; Benjamin Moir, John Barr, and
David Thomsen, are with Sir John Lamm ar; Andrew White,
bookbinder, and Alexander Han, cabirset-makeri are in Pars-1
mem. with Dr. Douglas; William Smith Is also at Paramatta,
with Mr. Mambo ; Robert Gray and Alexander Latimer are in
:Van Dianaa's Land, with Mr. Mulgrave.
" This is a line orantey, and will grew anything that will griw
in any esker country, and in general we have three crops aloar•
yeat.inead, ad. par lb. bower, gs. per lb. beef and amen, 10d.
4iggs, Sts. per &wen ; tea, Ss• dd. per lb- sugar. Od. potatoes, Ha
per cwt. A free Meaner gets from SM. to 110 a. per Week and
a tradesman who has a trade ate snit ebb pare of the country an I
make it slyest deal baser. I ale Meet 11Plsed (late printer 1
of thergglilt at **VOW) eftwalmrk very well, esdbseo4l
as a scheolauter.".

ItiMilirtid TEX DisrRESSED MISR.
Ilii CaminitOpealt.tho City of London Tavern, who
have so long. and so laudably been employed in the
humane and noble work of relieving the distiesses of
the famishing peasantry of Ireland, have just pub-
lished the following most creditable and interesting
Report :
• Or, of London Tavern, June to, le2l.
" The Cammittee.appainted by the Public Meeting suddenly
assembled in the first indmetion of thesgrmt and accumulating
distress of the Peasantry of Indeed, have sow been in activity
about six weeks. Not a daytime passed but something has been
I.dese toward fulfilling the duties which • the Committee LW un-
dertaken.
° ale distress which induced the convening of the first Ge-
neral Meeting was suck as to convince it that.the most prompt
mid decisive measures were imperiously required : and the ac-
counts then made known of the distress, prevailing amongst the
Peasantry of Ireland, have been more than amply confirmed,
by immediate correspondence with Gentlemen resident in plices
surrounded by the most fearful poverty and privation.
a The benevolence of all classes of the United Kingdom has
placed a considerable sum at the disposal of the Committee, and
the greatest diligence and attention have been used to distribute
with the utmost advantage the means with which the Committee
has been intrusted; and with thankfulness they acknowledge
the liberality of the Public in pouring in the funds which have
been received. These they regard as a sacred trust, one of such
importance that their anxiety has become increasingly painful,
so high does the excitement rise correctly to acquit themselves
of the task they have undertaken.
It is well known that potatoes constitute the chief support
of the plasantry of Ireland. The Committee therefore have
promptly dispatched potatoes In large quantities, for, seed, for
the next year's food. The sum of 61,3001. being about two-
thirds of 94,563/. Tes. ld. the whole amount of contributions
received, has been sent in upwards of 330 remittances, to dif-
ferent dibtricts of Ireland; in Which distress is most prevalent.
To enable the Ministers of Religion to exercise thit beneficence
which so becomes the religion they profess, the further sum of
3,4001. has been placed at the disposal of the Bishops, both
Protestant and Catholic—and in all places to which assistance
has been sent to prevent absolute starvation, the Protestant
Clergy and the Catholic Palest have united with the resident
Gentlemen to form Local Committees. But the months of
July and August will, they doubt not, present accumulated hoe-.
rota, and call fur very large additional supplies.
" The months of July and August may be said to assail the
Committee with fearful apprehension ;—willingly would they
make reserve for these months, which will, it is expected, re.
sound with appalling cries from the dying peasantry of Ireland.
This, bbwever, in the present state of the funds is impossible,,
for the pressing solicitations still received by every post, claim
instant attention and daily remittances.
" On the other hand the Committee feels that it may confi-
dently rely on the results which will inevitably be produced by
the King's Letter,' graciously issued to the Clergy of Great
Britain, to urge them to plead with, and to collect trom, their
respective Congregations, donations to their tellow-subjects in
the most abject state of poverty and distress. The Committee
look up to Him' in whose hands are the hearts of all men, that
he will be pleased to incline them to assist the needy in their
extremity. They cannot doubt the exertions which will Le
made when the sufferings of Ireland shall be more known ;
fully known they can scarcely be. The Committee have equal
confidence in the success of this plea, when urged by the Mi-
nisters of Religion of whatever denomination; and they rely,
with confidence, on the repetition of that generosity which
heretofore rescued a considerable part of the German population
from the ruinous effects of desolating war.
" In this view they present to the Public some extracts of let-
ters addressed to the Committee Irons persons of respectability,
and which are but specimens of a multitude which the Committee
are daily receiviag. '—(liere follow extracts of the heart-rending
communications the Committee have received, and to which im-
mediate attention has been paid by them.)
The Report concludes thus:—" Having thus extracted from
the correspondence specimens of the relations with which the
Committee are daily oppressed, and which they have to com-
pare, and between which they have also to decide for the equi-
table distribution of the relief which they have (they wish they
could say the unmixed gratification) to divide among the miser-
able, they are compelled strenuously to urge upon the Ministers
of Religion—upon all Congregations assembled for the Warship
of the Most limn Goo—upon thaw whom Hz has blessed with
the means—that they be liberal, prompt, solicitous with others,
wow, whik yet life wins, to bestow swat which in a short time it
will be too late to give for the rescue of the unhappy sufferers
from death!

" Some benevolent Ladies of distinction have formed a plan
for supplying the Peasantry of Ireland with Articles of Clothing,
and for co-operating with and exciting similar benevolent ester-
tions in that country. Such is their deplorable condition, that
the Committee have reason t believe numbers of these unfor-
tunate creatures have been obliged to sell their clothing to pro-
vide food, and that they will be destitute of necessary clothing
in the ensuing winter. This mode of relief has been suggested
to the Committee, and they very eatnestly recommend it to the
consideration and good feelings of the Ladies of the United
Kingdom.
" Other Ladies have become the receivers of the small dona-
tions of the circle in which they reside, and by attention to en-
courage the humble yet warm benevolence of the more favoured
though still humble classes of society—always furw.ird to. do
good according to their ability—have been the means of collect-
ing sums which in the aggregate have aided the Funds of the
Committee, and gratified it with the means of rendering more
decisive benefit to the sadly suffering Peasantry of the Sister
Kingdom."

G. Palmer, a labourer in the dock-yard of Messrs. Wigram,
at Blackwell, on Wednesday, fell down, and instant:y expired.
Edward Prudhsm, an industrious blacksmith, lost his life a
few days since at qienley-hill, Herts, in consequence of drinking
vinegar to allay his thirst (which, he said was increased by the
stuff put into the brewer's beer), and afterwards swallowing
some
shot, which a quack had prescribed to him " to keep down
his figles." The lead and vinegar made goutard in his stomach,
and poisoned him. He has left a widow and children totally
unprovided for.
About three o'clock yesterday morning a fire broke
out in the house of Mr. HAND, 27, Kirby-street, Hat-
ton-garden. •It was with the utmost difficulty that
the family escaped, even in their night clothes. Mr.
HAND saved his five children, in an almost miracu-
lous manner, by forcing his way out at the top of the
house, and then gained the leads of the adjoining
houses. The other branches of the family also won-
derfully escaped by making their way, through in-,
tense smoke, out at the front door. The whole of
the furniture and other valuable property is reduced
to a heap of ruins ; indeed nothing remains of the
house excepting the bare walls. From the activity
of the firemen the adjoining houses received very
little injury.
CURIOUS FACT.—An Irish Gentleman, who came
to Liverpool on Monday se'nnight, took his place in
the Champion coach for London. Shortly after the
commencement of his journey, he sewed a bill for
£7O, and eleven guineas, within the lining of the
coach, as a place of security ; and on his arrival at
the Swan with Two Necks, in town, was proceeding
to take it back, when, to his utter consternation and
astonishment, it was nowhere to be found. Being
totally at a loss to account for any means by which
his treasure could have vanished, having scarcely lost
sight of the coach from the time he first entered it, he
applied to Mr. WATIRHOUS; who unravelled the
mystery, by informing him that the ceach was regu-
larly changed at Litchfield. Information was imme-
diately dispatched to Mr. DUNN, of-that city, request-
ins his assistance to recover the money; and on Fri-
day morning, upon examination of the coach, which
had gone three journies to and from Liverpool since
the Gentleman left it, the property-wet found safe,
and has been restored to him.

DIED.

June 13, Mr. John Graham, 4 the firm of Graham and
Armstrong, solicitors, Carlisle, aged 31.
June 4, at Westquarter-house, Julia, third daughter of Colonel
Burnet, of Gadgirth, Ayrshire.
May 24, at Torbolt, by Dornoch, Colonel Alexander Suther-
land, of Culmaily.
Oct. 29, at Lucknow, Captain Lewis Grant, of the 7th 80.
gal Native Infantry.
In the island of Java, Mr. George Aitchison, Surgeon.
Last week, in Whitehaven, Mr. Martin Downie, slipemikerf
aged 57 years. He was one of the survivors on board of his
Majesty's ship Majesdc at the battle of the Nile, when 289 to:
the crew were killed.
Saturday, at Buruthouse, Isle of Wight, Mrs. Dyer, whose
death was occasioned by taking arsenic, which was lying in her
cupboard, instead of stone brimstone. Two children, who also
partook of it, are now lying dangtrously

MAILS tuts-Dar.—mia. Du&
Dublin 1 0
Waterford 2 0
Guernsey and Jersey 1 .0
Lisbon 0 0
Holland 1 0
New York 0 0

A Rt. OUR.
France 0 0
Hamburgh 1 0
Flanders 0 0
Jamaica ' 0 0
Gottenburgh 0 0
Leeward Islands: 0 0

HIGH-WATZEu LONDON BRIDGE TO-MORROW
Morning • - ISE trinutes after 5
Afternoon - Ss S

,ONDON; Printed and publisfted tits,. !Ws; Adds-
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