Star.
London, England, 1825-01-05 00:00:00

DER 11 839


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J

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AT 5, 1825.

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SIR
b-1

ST. THONIAirS HOSPITAL
ASTLEY COOPER and -Mr. GREEN will
11 their COURSE of ANATOMICAL arid SURGICAL
MRS, un THURSDAY, the Yoth of January, at Two o'Clotk.
MICA L DzuoisraAisoris by Mr. B. B. Coors,. and Mr.
Soirrw.

ANAIKI
Joan F.

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MEX A C AV I ON.
tek
We foi Tried,- mentioned that the Mexican Legislative
Bodies had concluded the discussion of theft Constitu-
tional Act.,—that the Executive had cordially riven it
their sanction—:-and that both had joined in orde i g its

-.an promulgation among the Slates of the Union.—
As we have repeatedly described the general nature.
and alluded to the particular enactments of this code,
it would be supe iluous again to enter on the subject at
any lerigih. Suffice it to say, that the Republic at
Mexico ha* adop:ed the Constitetion of the Nor th Ame-
rican Union' as its general model—that the Mexican
Government is federal—and that the Repuhl:c is en-
titled the United Mexican States. Like the North
American Union, the United Mexican States possess a
general legislative, a general executive, and a general
judicial poWer, together with a legislatives executive,
and judicial power for each State. It is the General or
Federal Constitution, embracing and controuling all the
States, which hai just been finished and promulgated.
The sovineial Authorities and Legislatures are sill
rproceeding with the formation of their separate codes:
The General or Federal Legislature consists, as in Ninth.
America, of a House of Deputies and a Senate. The
election of the former, as in North America, takes place
every two years. Tire-basis of the nomination of DJ-
puties is the extent of population: A Deputy is to be
elected for every 80,000 persons,or for any fraction of that
number which shall exceed 40,000. For proportioning
the number of Deputies over the Union, a census of the
population is to be made every teal years. The Senate'
is to be composed of two Senators for every State, cho-
sen by the separate State Legislatures. The meeting of
the two.bodies of Deputies and. Senators is called, as ia
North America, the General Congress. It would be
needless to the readers of Constitutions to specify the
powers, privileges, and clutieSof the individual members
or collective bodies of these assemblies. The Deputies •
and Senators are to be paid for their attendance, by a
law which is to be afterwards passed. The ordinary`
Session of Congress is every year to begin on the Ist of
January, arid to end on the 15th of April. When ex-
traordinary Sessions are held, the specific -subject of deli-
beration must be determined in the decree by which
the legislative bodies are convoked. The exesutive
power of the Mexican Federation is 'to reside in a single
person, called the President of the Uhited Mexican
States. This supreme Magistrate is to be elected by
the separate State Legislatures, each of which is to no-
minate two candidates for the Presidency—one of whom,
at least, not belong • to the State which makes the
return. The names of these candidates are to be u ails-
mined to die General Congress, which shall declare
President, the candidate who unites in his'person the
greatest number of votes. The duration of the Pr e'sl-
dentis functions is limited to four years. A Vice-Presi-*
dent is likewise elected in the same manner, and for the
same term, to supply the President's place, it by physi-
cal inability, or any other cause, he should be prevented
from discharging the duties of his office. The powers •
and prerogatives of the President are similar to those
of the same Magistrate in the Nor th American Union
He appoints or removes the Secretaries of State; he ap-
points to posts in the army or navy ; he disposes of the.
armed force by sea and land, in peace or war, by the
advice of the Congress; he convokes the Legislative
Bodies to an extraordinary Session ; he provides that
justice be duly administered ; he promulgates the Acts
of Congress, and does other acts of supreme poiier.—.
During the re:ess of Congress, the. supreme Magistrate
is provided With a Council, consisting of half the Mem-
bers of the Senate, or of a Councillor for every Saute of
the Union. The judicial power of the Federation is to
reside in a supreme Tribunal of Justice, and in Circuit
Courts. The first is to consist of 11 members. distri-
buted into three halls or chambers. The members.of
this supreme tribunal are to be elected, lib the Presi-
dent, by a majority.of votes of the differedt State Legis-
latures. The duties of this supreme tribunal are, to
take cognizance of the differences which may arise be-
tween the separate States of the Federation, or betwemt•
the authorities of one State and the subjects of another;
to settle diSputes which may spring up respecting the'
construction of the. acts of the supreme GoverntnettlT
to decide on the juriactiction of the septrate tribonalt ofi
The Union ; and to judge, without appals)). in the tt ial of,
criminal cases affecting Senators, Dowses, Ambassam
dors, Consuls, or any of the higher Offieera of the gni--
preme Government. This Constitutional Act then Oki.;
ceeds to describe the nature of tie State GOvernnierits;
and to fix the limits of their separate jurisdictions, as
they, refer to the general union. Each of • these State
Governments moves uncontrouled within its own sphere%
,and all partake of the movement and obey the influence
of the general federative system of which they- form'
harmonious parts. .
We have only a single observation or two to make on
the Constitutional Code, of which we have above given
a very brief outline. As a theory of Government, we
have little fault to find with it, so far as its principles.
are developed. As a practical system, its excellence or
defects can only be duly appreciated when experi-
ence- shall have shewn how far its provisions or arrange-
ments are adapted to the situation of the people whose
destinies it is intended to regulate. It has one or two
evident advantages over the most part of written or
published Constitutions in Europe or America. In the
first place- it is short, consisting, like the Fi enth Charter;
chiefly of principles, and embracing only
171 articles. In the second place, it starts with no
questionable dogmas on the origin of Governments _no
metaphysical truism; or political abstraction. As
Mexico was once a colony of Spain, the Constitutional
Act very properly begins by declaring itaindepetidettesi
of Spain and every other Power: but we hear asothirer
about the primitive rights of man or the essential
basis of sovereignty. We are sorry, howevets that
restrained by their
'indict from -

the Mexican Legislaton have been _ _
situation, or prevented by their pril 'tit, de-
claring one theoretic maxim of reit tatportance--:
namfly, the right of every WU' to liberty of Con•
science, It they had been penetrated with this troth,
and had been permitted to avow their conviction, we
should not have had to revet the following declaration
and enactment;_which comp the thitd • :aide of
their Con%titetiond '4=3lwrlnfveligion of Monian
• , .