Star.
London, England, 1813-09-14 00:00:00

so. iy
demanded

the
arid
indiVii

Continent.
To Russia and Prussia this
the French territory could
most serious alarm. The
sides, no longer capable of
every means of obtaining
hastening to its dissolution.
for her western frontier, by
of Dantzic, declared a free
sit, into a French military
of Poland jilt° a French pr._
in the advance ot the French
coast, and in the new chair
the imminent danger of her ,
sessions. From this moment, pct.
between France and Russia was as good as decided.
Not without deep and just anxiety did Austria ob-
serve the storm that was gathering. The scene of
hostilities would in every case be contiguous to her
Provinces, which, owing to the necessary reform in
the financial system which had cramped die restora.
tion of her military means, were in a very defenceless
state. In a higher point of view, the Snuggle which
awaited Prussia appeared still more doubtful. as it
commenced under the same unfavourable conjuncture
of affairs, with the same want of co operation on the
part of other Powers, and with the same dispropor.
tion in their relative means, consequently was just as
hopeless as all former struggles ot the earn, nature.

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• —:- • ti 41 1:2
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pßirct six.kNoi gr.
'unity of States can only be considered ai a Cent. '
'unity of misery.
His Majesty was the more justified in theie aped-.
Wm; because at the time
,of the consummation of
his union the Emperor Napoleon had attained that
oint of his career when the preservation of his con-
nests was a more natural and desirable object, then
restless struggle after new possessions. Any far-
her extension of his dominions, long sine- outstretch-.
ng their proper lipiits, was attended weh evident
lamer; not only to France, already sink.ag'under the
'Gillen of his conquests, but even to'his own real per:
tonal interest. What his authority gamed iii extent;
t necessarily lost in point Of security. By an union
With the most ancient Imperial Family in Christen;
does, the edifice of his gteatness acquired in the eyes
of the French nazi' n, and of the world, such an ad;
dition of strength and perfection, that any ulterior -
Szlienle of aggrandisement must only weaken and de.
stroy its stability: What France, what Europe, whit
so many oppressed and despairing nations earne.tly
demanded of HEAVES, a sound policy prescribed to
the triumphant ruler as a law of self Preseriration-Z.
arid it was allowed to hope that so many great and
united motives would prevail over the ambition of litl '
indblithiaL
If these flattering prospects were destroyed; it is
not to be imputed to Austria. After many years'
fruitless. exertions, after bonnlless sacrifices of every
description, there existed sufficient motives far the at.'
temps to procure a better order of things by multi-
deuce and concession, when streams of blood had
hitherto produced nothing but misery and .destruc.
tioa ; nor can his Majesty ever regret that he hal been
induced to attempt it.
The year 1810 was not yet closed, *at still
raged in Spain, the people of Getz s.ny had scarce
been allowed a sufficient time to recover• from the de-
vastations of the two former wars, when, in an evil
hour, the Emperor Napoleon resolved to unite a con-
siderable portion pf the North of Germany with the
mass of countries which bore the name of the French
Empire, and to rob the ancient free commercial
cities of Hamblugh, Bremen, and Lubeck, first of
their politic4l, and shortly after of their commercial
existence, and with that, of their means of subsis.
tence. This violent step was adopted, without anr
even plausible pretensions, in contempt of every der
cent form, without any previrais declaration, or come
munication with an; other Cabinet, under the arbi-
trary, and futile pretext that the war with England
required it.
'This cruel system, which was intended to destroy i
the oommerce of the world, at the expence of the
independence, the prosperity, she rights and dignity,
and in utter ruin of the public and private property
. of all the Continental Putters, was pursued with un-
relent.ng severity, in the Tan expectation of forcing a
result, ei hich, had it not forturevely proved unattatn-
. able, would have plunged Europe for a long time to
r come into a state of poverty, impotence, and barbarity.
f The Decree by which a new French dorninteet was
• established on the German coasts, under the title of
a Thirty-secead Mititary Divisi,m, was in itself sul-
, iiciently calculated to raise the suspicions of the ad-
e joining States, and it was the more alarming to then
• As the forerunner of future and greater d !n.ters. By
this decree it became -evident, that the sy stz in which
road been created in France (althotiAh previously
transgressed, yet still proclaimed to be in existence),
he system of the pretended natural limits of the French
11 ' Empire, was, without any further justification or es-
e, planation, overthrown, and even the Emperor's arbi-
trary acts were in the same arbitrary manner annihi-
lated. Neither the Princes of the Rhen.sh Contede.
u,
racy, nor the kingdom of Westphalia, no territory,
id great or small, was spared, in the accomplishment of
is .his dreadful usurpation. The boundary drawn ap-
ie_ parently by blind caprice, without either rule or plan,
without any consideration of ancient or as ire recent
be political relations, intersected rivers and countrii s,
re cut off the middle and southern States not Germany
from all connection with the German Se passed the
re Elbe, separated Denmark from Germany, laid its
in pretensions even to the Baltic, and seemed to be te-
ch pidly approaching the line of Prussian !camases stol
at occupied en the Oder ; and so little did this act of
a ' usurpation (however powerfully it affected all rights
m_ and possessions, all geographic, political: and military
m_ lines of demarcation) carry with it a character of de-
terminate and complete accession of territory, dint it
ed was impossible to view it in any other light than as *a
an forerunner of still greater usurpations, by which one
iii_ half of Germany was to become a French Province,
try and the Emperor Napoleon the absolute Ruler of the
,ear Continent.
?al To Russia and Prussia this unnatural extension of
gth the French territory could not fail of producing the
, most serious alarm. The latter, surrounded on all
le,. sides, no longer capable of free action, deprived of
our_ every means of obtaining fresh strearth, appeared
icb, hastening to its dissolution. Russia, already in tear
awn for her western frontier, by the conversisn of the city
40_ of Dantzic, declared a free city by the Treaty of Ta-
re_ sit, into a French military pion, and of a great part
the of Poland into a French province, could not but see,
!s a in the advance of the French dominion along the sea
P
ru- coast, and in the new chains prepared for Prussia,
lore the imminent danger of her German and Polish pos.
ring sessions. From this moment, therefore, the rupture
Iby between France and Russia was as good as decided.
Bible Not without deep and just anxiety did Austria ob-
nof serve the storm that eras gathering. The scene of
ind, hostilities would in every case be contiguous to her
edge Provinces, which, owing to the necessary reform in
aced the financial system which had cramped die restore.
ex. tion of her military means, were in a very defenceless
!veil), state. In a higher point of view, the Snuggle which
was awaited Prussia appeared still more doubtful. as it
semi. commenced under the same unfavourable conjuncture
• of affairs, with the same want of co operation on the

lIIIMIONNIMI

His Majesty the Emperor made every effort in his
power by friendly mediation with both parties to avert
the impending storm. No human judgment valid at
that time foresee that the period was so near at hand,
when the failure of these friendly attempts should
prove more injurious to the Emperrr Napoleon than
to his opponents. Thus, however, it was resolved by
the wisdom of PROVIDVI4CE.
When the commencement of hostilities was op
longer doubtful, his Majesty was compelled to have
recourse to measures which, in so unnaterstl and dan-
gerous a conjiincture, might combine his own security
with just considerations for the teal interests of neigh,
bouring S:atcs. The system of unarmed inaction;'
the only neutrality which the Emperor Napoleon,
cording to his own declarations, would have permitted,
was by every sound maxim of policy wholly inadmis-
sible, and would at last have proved only a vain en-
deavour to. shrink form the approaching trial. A
power so important as Austria could not renounce
all participation in the interests of Europe, nor could
she place herself in a situation in which, equally in-
effective in peace or war, she would lose her voice
. and infli.enoe in all great negotiations, without ac-
quiring any guarantee for the security of her own
frontier. To prepare for war against France would
Bove been, under the existing circumstances, as little
consonant with equity, as with prudence. The Em.
pereoNapoleon had given his Majesty no personal
ground for hostile proceedings; and the prospect of
attaining many beneficial results by a skilful employ-
- meet the established friendly relations, by confi-
dential representations, and by conciliatory councils,
bed not yet been abandoned as hopeless. And with
moral to the immediate interest of the State, such a
revolution would inevitable have been attended with
this consequence—that the Austrian territory would
buve become the first and principal seat of war, which
with .its well-known deficiency of means of defence
could. in a short time, have overthrown the monarchy.
~ In this painful situation his Majesty had no other
resource than to take the field on the side of France.
To take up arms for France, in the real sense of the
Word, would have been a measure not only in contra.
diction with the duties and principles of the Emperor,
but even with the repeated declarations of his Cabi-
net, which bad, 'without any reserve, disapproved of
this war. On the signature of the Treaty of the 12th
March, 1812, his Majesty proceeded upon two dis-
tinct principles t The first, as it proved by the words
of the Treaty, was to leave no means untried which
mi alit sooner or later obtain a peace; the other was to
place himself internally and externally in a position,
which, it it should prove impossible to effect a peace,
or in case the turn of the s*aj should render decisive
measures in this part necessary, would enable Austria
to act o ith independence, and in either of these cases
• or adopt the measures which a just and wise policy
should prescribe. Upon this principle it was that
only a fixed and comparatively small part of the army
was destined to cionperate in the war; the other mi-
litary resources, at that time in a state of readiness,
or that still remained to b 4 prepared, were not called
forth for the prosecurion of this war. By a kind of
tacit agreement between the Belligerents, the Aus-
trian territory was even treated as neutral. The
real end and views of the system adopted by his Ma-
jesty could not escape the notice of France, Russia,
or any intelligent observer.
The campaign of 1812 furnished a memorable ex.
ample of the failure of an undertaking supported by
gigantic powers, conducted by a Captain of the first
rank, when; in the confidence of great military talents,
he despises the rules of .prudence, and outsteps the
bounds of nature. The illusion of glory carried the
Emperor Napoleon into the heart of the Russian Em-
pire; and a false political view of things induced him
to imagine that he should dictate a peace in Moscow,
should cripple the Russian power for half a century,
and then return victorious. When this magnanimous
constancy of the Emperor of Russia, the glorious
deeds of his warriors, and the unshaken fidelity of his
people, put an end to this dream, it was too late to
repent it with impunity. The whole French army
was scattered and destroyed s in less than four
months we have seen the theatre of war transferred
from the Dneiper and the Dwina to the Oder and
the Elbe.
This rapid and extraordinary change of fortune
was the forerunner of an important revolution in all
the political relations of Europe. The confederacy
of Russia, Great Britain, and Sweden, presented a
point of union to all neighbouring States. Prussia,
whom report had long declared determined to risk
all—to prefer even the danger of immediate political
destruction to the lingering sufferings of continued
oppression—seized the favourable moment, and threw
herself into the arms of the Allies. •Itioliny greater
and smaller Princes of Germany were ready to do the
same. Every where the ardent desires of the people
anticipated the regular proceedings of their Govern-
ments. Their impatience to live in independence, and
tinder their own laws, tl.e sentiment of wounded na-
tional honour, and the hatred of a foreign dominion,
broke out in bright flames on all sides.
His Majesty the Emperor, too intelligent not to
ccr.sider this change of affairs as the natural and ne-
cessary consequence of a previous violent political
vinvulsion, and too just to view it in anger, was
solely bent upon securing, by deep digested and well
cranbincd measures, the real and permanent interest
of the European Commonwealth. Already in the
beginning of December, considerable steps had been
taken on the part of the Austrian Cabinet, in order
to dispose the Emperor Napoleon to quiet and peace-
ful policy, on grounds which equally interested the
world and his own welfare. These steps were from
time to time renewed and enforced. Hopes had been
entertained that the impression of last year's cam-
paign, the recollection of the fruitless sacrifice of an
immense army, the severe measures of every descrip-
tion that would be necessary to replace that loss, the
decided disinclination of France, and of all those na-
tions connected with her, to a war, which, without
any prospect of future indemnification, exhausted and
ruined her internal strength ; that lastly, even a calm
_reflection on the doubtful issue of this new and highly
i.nminent crisis, would move the Emperor to listen to
the representations of Atraria. 'the tone of these re-
p: )tatit -- carefully adapted the circum-
,s of the
,t.le issue,
d.
a motive

should be decidedly rejected, enuld not certainly tie, Trona tb natural view of things, upon Which ever.'
foreseen. But the manner in which they Were re- France could no longer deceive herself, his Majesty
ceived, and still more the striking contrast Setweert continued his preparations with unwearied activity.'
the sentiments entertained by Austria andlhe'whole He quitted, in the early part of Jay, his residence,
conduct of the Emperor Napoleon, to the period of and proceeded to the vicinity of thescene of action,
these unsuccessful endeavours for peace, soon dettrof. in order the more effectually to labour at the nego-
ed the best hopes that were entertained. Instead of ciation for peace, which still continued to be the ob-
endeavouring by-a moderate language to improve at ject of his-most ardent desires ; and partly to be able
least our view of the future, and to lessen the general the more effectually to conduct the preparations for
despondency, it was on every occasion solemnly de-, war, if no other choice should remain for Austria.
dared, before the highest authorities in France, that A short time before, tlie Emperor Napoleon had
the Emperor would hear of no proposition for peace, declared,—" that he hacfproposed a Congress, to be
that should violate the integrity of the French empite, held at Prague, where Plenipotentiaries from France,
in the French sense of the word, or that should make the IJaited States of North America, Denmark, the
any pretension to the arbitrarily inetopurlited pro. King of Spain, and the other Allied Princes on the
winces. • one hand, and on the other, Plenipotentiaries of Eng-
. : ? ,Abt
At the sante time, eventual conditions, with which land, Russia, Prussia, the Spanish Insurgents, and
this self-created boundary did not even appear to the other Allies of this hostile mass, should meet, and
have any relation, were spoken of, at one time me- lay the ground-work of A durable peace." To whom
nacing indignation, at another with bitter contempt ; this proposition was addressed, in what manner, in
as if it had not been possible to declare in terms wife what diplomatic form, through whose organ it could
ficiently distinct, the resolution of the Emperor Na- have been done, was perfectly unknown to the Au-
poleon not to male to the rejare of the world even one strian Cabinet, which only ssois made acquainted with
single nominal sacrifice. the circumstance through the medium of the public
These hostile demonstrations were attended with prints. How, too, such a project could be brought
this particular mortification to Austria, that they to bear—how from the combination of such dissimi-
placed even the invitations to peace with this Cabinet, ler elements, without any gyerelly acknowledged
with the knowledge and apparent consent of France, principle, without any previously regulated plan, a
made to othei Courts, in a false and highly disad- negotiation for peace• was to be set on foot, was so
vantageous light. The Sovereigns united against lane to be comprehended, that it was very allowable
France, instead of any answer to Austtia% proposi. to consider the whole proposition rather as a play
tions fur negociation, and her offers of mediation, laid of the imagination, then as a serious invitation to the
before her the-public declarations of the French Em- adoption of a great political measure.
peror. And when in the month of march, his Ma. Perfectly acquainted with all the obstacles to a ge-
jesty sent a Minister to London, to invite England to neral peace, Austria, had loag considered whether
share in a negociation for peace, the British Ministry this distant and difficult object was not rather to be
replied, 6. that they would not believe Austria still attained progressively ; and, in this opinion, had ex-
entertained any hopes of peace, when the Emperor pressed hert-elt both to France, and to Russia and
Napoleon had in the mean time expressed sentiments Prussia, upon the subject of a continental peace. Not
which could only tend to the perpetuation of war ;" that the Austrian Court had misconceived, even for
a declaration which was the more painful to his Ma- a moment, the necessity and importance of an uni-
jesty, the more it was just and. well founded. • versal peace among all the great Powers of Europe,
Austria, however, did not, upon this account, cease and without which there was no hope of either shfety
to impress in more forcible and distinct terms, the or happiness, or east imagined that the Continent
necessity of peace,"upon the mind of the Emperor of could exist, if the separation of England were not in-
France; directed in all her measures by this prin. variably considered as a most deadly evil! The ne-
ciple, that, as all order and balance of power in Eu. goctation which Austtia proposed, after the alarming
rope had been destroyed by the boundless superiority declaration of France had nearly destroyed all hopes
of France, no real peace was to be expected, unless of England uniting her endeavours in the attempt to
that superiority were diminished. His Majesty in procure a general peace, was an essential part of the
the mean time adopted every necesssary measure great approaching negociation, for a general and effec-
t() strengthen and concentrate his armies; sensible rive Congress for peace; it was intended as prepare-
that Austra must be prepared for war, if her media- wry to this, to draw up the preliminary articles of the
tion were not to be entirely unavailing. His Imperial future Treaty, to pave the way by a long continental
Majesty had moreover been long since persuaded, that Armistice to a more extended and durable negocio-
the probability of an immediate share in the war. tion. Had the principle upon which Austria ad-
would no longer be excluded from his calculations, 'fenced been other thin this, neither Russia nor Pius-
The actual state of things could not be continued ; sia, bound by the strongest ties to England, would
of this the Emperor was convinced ; this conviction certainly ever have listened to the proposals of the
was the mainspring of his actions, and was naturally Austrian Cabinet.
strengthened by the failure of any attempt to procure After the Russian and Prussian Courts, animated
a peace. The result was apparent. By one means by a confidence iu his
Majesty, highly flattering to
or the other, either by negociation or by force of the Enipewe had already declared their concurrence
arms, a new state of things must be effected. in the proposed Congress udder the mediation of
The Emperor Napoleon was not only aware of the Austria, it became necessai y to obtain the formal
Austrian preparations for war, but even acknowledg- assent of the Emperor Napoleon, and to determine
ed them as necessary, and justified them in more than upon whit principles the negociations for peace were
one instance. He had sufficient reason to believe that to be carried on. For this purpose his Imperial Ma-
his Majesty the Emperor, at so decisive a period for jesty resolved towards the end ot the month of June
Ithe fate of the whole world, would lay aside all per- to send his Minister for For, ign Affairs to Dresden.
tonal and momentary feelings, would alone Consult The result ot this mission was a Convention concluded
the lasting welfare of Austria, and of the countries upon the 30th June, accepting the mediation of his
by which she is surrounded, and would resolve no- Imperial Majesty in the negociation of a general,
thing but what this great motive should impose as a and it that could not be effected, of a preliminary
duty upon him. The Austrian Cabinet had never ex- Continental peace. Tire cii yti Prague was fixed
pressed itself in terms that would warrant any ether upon for the meeting of the Congress, and the sth
construction ; and yet the French did not only ac- of July for the Jay
•tt its openiug. In order to ob-
knowledge that the Austrian mediation could only be win a sufficient time for the negociation, it was de-
an armed mediatihn, but declared, upon more than termined by the same Convention that the Emperor
one occasion, that Austria, under existing circum- Napoleon should not give notice of the rupture of
stances, ought no longer to confine herself to act a the Armistice which was to terminate on the 20th of
secondary part., but should appear in force upon the July, at that tin:e existing between himself and Rus-
stage, and decide as a great and independent Power. sia, till the 10th of August; and his Majesty -the
Whatever the French Government could either hope Emperor took upon himself to I btain a similar De-
ur fear from Austria, this acknowledgment was of it. claretion from the Russi to and Prussian Courts.
self a previous justification of the whole intended and . The points which had been determined liaDresden,
hitherto adopted measures of his Imperial Majesty. • were hereupon impanel.' to the two Courts. Although
Thus far were circumstances developed when the the continuation of the Armistice was attended with
Emperor Napoleon left Paris, in order to make head many objectiniss, and IA ith much serious inconvenience
against the progress of the allied armies. Even their to them, the desire of giving to his Imperial Majesty
enemies have done homage to the valour of the Rus- another pool of their confidence, and at the same
sian and Prussian troops in the sanguinary actions of time to satisfy the world that they would not reject
the month of May. That, however the result of this any prospect of peace, however confined it might be,
first period of the campaign was not more favourable that they would not refusliany attempt which might
to them, aws owing partly to the great numerical se- "rep-ire-the way to it, overcame every consideration.
periority of the French force, and to the universally l'he only alteration made in the Convention of the.
acknowledged military talents of their leader, and 30th June, was, that the term of the opening the
partly to the political combinatiool, by which the Congress, since the final regulations could not so
Allied Sovereigns were guided in all their under- soon be determined, should be deferred until the 12th
takings. They acted under the just supposition, that of July. In the mean time his Majesty, who would
a cause like the one in which they were engaged, not as yet abandon all hopes of completely termi-
could not possibly be confined to themselves, that noting by a general peace, the sufferings of mankind,
sooner or later, whether successful or unfortunate, and the convulsions of the political world, had also
every state which still preserved a shadow of hide- resolved upon a new attempt with the British Go-
pendence must join their confederacy, every indepen- vernment.
dent army must act with them. They, therefore, did The Emperor Napoleon not only received the
not allow further scope to the bravery of their troops, proposal with apparent approbation, but even volun-
than the moment required, and preserved a consider- tardy offered to expedite the business, by allowing
able part of their strength for a period when, with the persons to be dispatched for that purpose to Eng-
more extended means, they might look to the land a passage through France. When it was to bei
attainment of greater objects. For the same cause, carried into effect unexpected difficulties arose, the
and with a view to the developement of events, they passports were delayed from time to time, under
consented to the Armistice. trifling pretexts, and at length entirely refused. This
In the mean time the retreat of the Allies had for proceeding afforded a fresh and important ground for
the moment given an appearance to the war, which 'entertaining just doubts as to the sincerity of the as-
daily became more interesting to the Emperor, from surances which the Emperor Napoleon had more than
the impossibility, if it should proceed, of his remain. once publicly expressed of his disposition to peace, al-
•ing an inactive spectator of it. The fate of the Pros- though severalof his expressions at that particular
sian Monarchy was a point which peculiarly attract- period, afforded just reason to believe that a marl.
ed the attention of his Majesty, feeling, as the Em- time peace was the object of his most anxious soli-'
, peror did, that the restoration of the Prussian Mo- citude.
narchy was the first step towards that of the whole During that interval their Majesties the Emperor
political system of Durope, and he viewed the danger , of Russ' t and tile King of Prussia hau nominated
in which the now stood, as equally affecting himself. their Plenipotentiaries to the Congress, and had tur-
Already, in the month cf April, had the Emperor nished diem with very decisive instructions. On the
Napoleon suggested to the Austrian Cabinet, that he led) July they both arrived at Prague, as well as his
considered the dissplution of the Prussian Monarchy Majesty's Minister, charged with the concerns of tite
as a natutat consequence of her defection from Mediation.
France, and of the continuation of the ear, and that The negociations were not to he protracted beyond
it now only depended upon oeustria to add the most • the 10th of August, except in the cyclic of their as
important and most flourishing of her piovinces to stoning such a character as to induce a confident
its own state ; a sugaa stion witch ;hewed distinctly hope of a favourable result. To that d • U A
ay le r.
enough, that no fifteens could properly be neglected .mistice had been extended through the tnedoitioti of
to save that Power. If this great °hi .ct could not tiuwta—the polithod and inambuy sitmition of tar
he obtained by a just peace, it was necessary to sup- Allied Sovereigns, the condition
of the countries the) port Russia and Prussia by a powerful cu-operation. occupied, anti their Anxious wish to terminate au ult.

some period of uncertainty, prevented any further
extension of it. With all these circumstances the
Emperor Napoleon wits acquainted ;—he well knew
that the period of the negotiation was necessarily
defined by that of the Armistice; and he could not
moreover conceal from himself hew much his own
determinations would influence the happy abridgmeat
and successful result of the pending negotiations.
It was therefore with real sofrow that his Majesty
soon perceived not only that no serious step wa* eaten
by France to accelerate this great work but, on the
contrary, it appeared as if a procrastination of the
negotiations, and evasion of a favourable issue bad
been decidedly intended. There was, indeed, a
French Minister at the place of Congress, but wittiest'
any orders to proceed to business, until the appear.
ante of the first Plenipotentiary.
The arrival of that Plenipotentiary was in minor-
pected from day to day. Nov was it until the 21st
of July that it was ascertained, that a demur which
took place on settling the renewal of the Armistice
between the French and Russian and Prussian Com-
missioners, an obstruction of very subordinate import
tamer, having no influence whatever upon the Con-
gress, and which might have been vrry easily and
speedily removed by the interference or Austria, was
made use of as the justification of this extra. rdi.
nary delay. And when this last pretext was removed,
it was not until the nth of July, 16 days after that
appointed for the opening of the Ciingres., that the
first Pienipontetiary arrived. Even in the very first
flays after this Minister's atrival, no doubt remained
as to the fate of the Congress. The term in which
the full powers were to be delivered, and the nonuel
explanations should be conducted, a point *limb had
already been treated by all parties, became the object
of a discussion which rendtred all the endeavours of
the mediating Power abortive.
The apparent insufficiency of the Powers intiurted
io the French Negotiator, occasioned a s lance of se.
veral days. Nor was it until the Gilt August that this
Minister gave in a new Declaration, by which the dif.
ficulties with respect to forms were by no means re.
moved, nor the Negcciation by one step brought
nearer to its object. Af er a useless exchange of
notes upon every preliminary question, the 10th of
August arrived. The Prussian and Russian Ne-
, gociators could not exceed this term : the Con.
gress was at an end, and the resolution which,
Austria had to form was previously determined by
the progress of this Nerciation—by the actual cons
viction of the impossibility of peace—by the no longer
doubtful point of view in which his Attitjestyeamines&
the great question in dispute—by the principles and
intentions of the Allies, wherein the Emperor iecoge
nised his own.—and finally, by the firmer positive
declarations. which left no room for misconception.
Nut without sincere.affrction, and alone coos leas
by the certainty that ester' means to avoid the MUt
had been exhausted, does the Emperor now find him.
Istlf cbmpelled to Action. For three years has his Ma.
jesty laboured with unceasing persevecauce to effects
by mild and conciiiatory mea,ures, real and durable
peace for Austria and for Europe. AI his, endea,
yours have tailed; there is now lio remedy, no re-
course to be had out to arms. The Emperor (rekes
them up without any personal animosity. mono a Niue
ful necessity, from an irresistible duty, ripen grown!"
which any faithful citizen tit his realm, Which 111 e
world, which the Emptror Napoleon tuna self;inais sop,
ment of tranquility and reason, wet acknowledge And
justify. Thr necessity of this war is engravetr in the
heart of every Austrian, of every Eriropean, trader
whatsoever dominion he m r y live, in such legibiecha.
racters,that no art is necessary to distinguish llitM.The
nation and the army will do their duty. An union
established by common necessity, and oy the mutual
interest of ever) power that is in arms for its inde-
pendence, will give due weight to our exertions, and
the result, with the assistance of HeAvx'm, will be such
as must fulfil the just eapectatiens of every friend of
order and of peace.

pr, sentatiuns was carefully ailApted to the
stances of the times, serious as the grentoe,
minierate as the desire of a favourai
and as the existing friepoly relations requires
That overtures Bowing from so pure a