Star.
London, England, 1831-01-21 00:00:00

t raced by minds uninfluenced by prejudices of party or of
clam.

The circumstances of the times render a changein our in-
ternal policy, respecting the poor and working classes, abso-
lutely necessary ; and the first question to be decided by every
man of all ranks is, shall the alteration be made under the
guidance of moderation and wisdom, foreseeing, and gra-
dually preparing each step, one regularly after another,
thereby preventing a single premature advance—or shall the
change be effected by ignorance and prejudice, under the
baleful influence of the angry and violent passions ? Should
these prevail, then will the truly disinterested, those whose
ardent wish is to ameliorate the condition of mankind, with-
draw from the contest, and society be involved in confUsion.
But, surely the experience of past ages, and particularly of
the lest twenty-five years, will have taught men wisdom,
and prepared the minds of all for a calm and dispassionate
inquiry—how the evils which at present afflict society can
best be remedied.

THE STATE OP THE NATION.
a? vas moss or 1630.
ET T. POTTER M ACQUEEN, E. 4.

This pamphlet is a valuable accession to public know-
ledge ; and if a dozen public men would be as plain spoken
and instructive as Mr. MaCQUIEN, we should have fewer
discontents, no riots, and no victims of the ignorance and
pride of office.
" More than six months have sow elapsed," says this
intelligent writer, " since my former remarks upon the con-
dition of the country were laid before the public. Although
I can have no reason to complain of the manner in which
those observations were generally received, yet there were
not wanting individuals who were inclined to censure me as
an Alarmist,—as one who had adopted a partial and distorted
view of the state of the labouring classes. These self-
complacent persons were entirely convinced that the ' sys-
tem worked well ;" and, admitting the existence of some
little temporary distress, were prepared to administer the
matronly comfort of patience, under the assurance that
'affairs would soon amend, and permanent prosperity be
crested. His Msjesty's Ministers seemed perfectly of this
opinion. They received repeated warnings from those who
sedd have no interest in deceiving them. The wretchedness
(mel consequent discontent) of the peasantry was fulky de-
tailed ; still it pleased them to cause the Sovereign to declare
from his throne that merely partial distress existed ; and in
strict accordance with that declaration, they scouted Parlia-
mentary petitions, ridiculed the sources from whence those i
petitions emanated, and neglected every effort made in either
House to enter upon enquiries calculated to elucidate the
subject. Six months have gone by ; have their predictions
been verified ? has the cloud passed away ? has the condition
of the labourer (I beg pardon, I ought to say of the pauper,))
hoes ameliorated ? has the independence of the cottager
bola increased ? has his dependence on the parish been
diminished ? have his morals, his happiness, his comforts,
and his general welfare, bun advanced? The answer is
short, but decisive. Look to the rates :—look to the ex-
pression of public feeling wherever it has found utterance--
above all, look to the present wretched insecure state of
public and private perty, and the manifestation, day by
day, more unequivocally expressed, of a determination to
es-
cape by violence from impending statratioa."
" Were those, who have sneered at the idea of the la-
bourers trials, to visit; u 1 have done, their abodes in the,
agricultural counties, a fearful and horrid lessen might be
conveyed. From the utter inadequacy of these hovels to the
wants and numbers'of their occupiers, and from the conse-
quent packing together 'of sex and kindred, old and young,
married and single, scenes have occurred, and are daily tak-
ing place, revolting to humanity, and too disgusting to place
on record. The unfortunate creatures, callous to good feel-
ing, and indifferenteven to the appearanceet propriety, sink
into brutal degeneracy, and become the wiling and desperate
agents of the first evil spirit who may be sent to excite them,
to acts of insubordination and violence ; Mut for all this what
remedies have been devised ? Not to instituti, oa the Part
of Government, &deliberate inquiry into the causes. of thin
universal depression ; not to bear in mind, that, is the 0110 b.•
mon course of human nature, man will not sterye 'in silence ;•
but to take off the duty on beer, has been the oils and Soli.'
tary measure of Telief"
" But the poonist ranks in society are !iotitittetely
suf-
ferers; the yeoman, the respectable farmer, the shopkeeper,
claw' tradesmen ; in a word, the middle cil of society, are
now loud and clamorous in their complaints ; and whilst the
vengeance of the labourer is directed against machinery, the
outcry of the other class is raised against taxation a under
this • impression, every abuse of patronage. .every symptom
of influence, every manifestation of favouritism, finds its way
before the Public ; and in an age in which knowledge and
information have made advances in a degree wholly in-
conceivable in former days, instances of this description are
greedily listened to, and freely discussed."
Nothing can be more accurate than this description of
the public feelings ! He then speaks of machinery.
" In the course of 1829, I made very minute enquiries as
to the extent of the automaton power caused by machinery
in England and Scotland, and after setting aside all
power. connected with navigation, collieries, and mines,
and draining, I am warranted in concluding thit the foi-
-1 lowing statement is not very remote from the fact.
" First, That to the close of 1828, the steam and me-
chanical engines of England and Scotland represent the
power of 1,920,000 men.
" Secondly, That these engines are put into operation by
the power of 36,000 human beings, of whom a considerable
proportion are women and children, (1 e. say one 56th, but
Mr. *Queen greatly underrates the powers of machinery ;
he might double his estimate.)
Thirdly, That they consequently give an addition to toss
population equal to 1,834,000 labourers."
After displaying so much good sense, be takes a leaf
from M'Culloch, and astonishes his readers by setting abort
to prove that high rents do not affect the community.: .We
contend, however, that they affect not only the conunea
but in ,a special manner the labourers. Let the •
valuers concede more for labour, and then the miseries
which Mr. M'Queen so well ilitocribse, would disappear.
Let a lahourer, as beengbt, receive the market-price of a
quarter of wheat every three weeks, or seventeen in the
year, as in the days of the Plantagenet. and Tedors.
He thou tries to prove, that labourers ars batter off,

when the landlords spend their share, than when they spend
it themselves!—
" But the average rental (says he) is estimated at
40 millions. By halving it, 20 millions would he at once
struck off. Admitting, then, that one half of the present
rental is expended in the necessaries of life, and the other
half in the superfluities, which last is now removed, how nal
this affect the home market ? the importer of foreign pro-
duce ? the manufacturer ? the artist ? and the many dealers
in articles of coniraratire luxury, who depend wholly on tha
excess of income beyond the supply of the necessaries of
life ? The landholder heretofore of 4,0001. a year is reduced
to 2,0001. The man will live on; he will reduce his es. •-
blishment, and send many of his servants to the parish ; he
will be less hospitable,and limit as c'otely as passible his con-
sumption of exciseable goods. His wife and daughters mu t
wear less of the manufactures of Spitalfields and G
ia-
gow, of Nottingham and Worcester; and this, eve.'
should he possess sufficient patriotism to remain at hc.ue,
instead of letting his paternal mansion for any trifle it Islay
produce, and carrying his 2,0001. of diminished income to a
foreign residence, where it will still produce him the full en-
joyment of his former and habitual comforts. The holder of
1,0001. is now brought down to 5001. he too must make his
sacrifices; he must give up the we of wine; must, with his
family, perform every duty hitherto employing others;
must adopt a coarser and cheaper clothing, more rarely
renewed. Say all this is done.—ls this the mode to enrich
a country ?"
Here a good writer sophisticates His object is to ins-
prove the labourers. Give them the 20 millions—they want
it; and they know how to spend money as well as land-
lords- Gin it back so the lignereve, and that, we say, is Cod
way to enrich a country.
At page 15, he states that in 1790, the National Debt was
200,000,0001. that in 1830, it is 800,000,0001. If, then,
it be understood that the national debt is to be thrown back
to the scale of 1790, I suspect the landed interest will be
perfectly content to make a similar reduction ; but until such
arrangement be completed, nothing can be more atrocious,
than to call for the ruin of one class, for the immediate ag-
grandizement of another, but the eventual destruction of
both.
Why atrocious, Mr. Mc Queen ? have they not borrowed
the money? are not their estates mortgaged for it ? and how
can they indemnify themselves, but by throwing it on la-
' hour' by tricking poverty, which ought not to be permitted,
suffered or borne.
He then whines about the poor laws and the poor ; hut
, he ought to have mid, let us give the poor the 20 millions
of Rents, out of which they are manoeuvred, to ease land-
lords of taxes, and then there would be no poor but crippled
and aged.

TNR TURF.

TATTERSALL'S—Yentamr.
01119 T.

11 to I ape Mr. Beardswortb's Co!wick
14 to 1 Lord Sligo's Bras-de-Fee
IS to 1 Lord Jersey's Filagree (taken;
16 to 1 -- Lord Jersey's Blonder
17 to 1 Lord Batter's Homo,
17 to 1 Mr. Chitney's Caleb
It to I Lord Batter's Robendan
$0 to 1 Mr. Petre's Rattler (taken)
SO to 1 Lord Veralnn's Verson',
SS to 1 —• Colonel Udney's Andope
SS to 1 Lord Jersey's Cobweb
1111 to 1 Duke of Graftoo's Pastille 414 l
113 to 1 Mr J. libellers Cressida colt"'4l,
40 to 1 limbos
40 to 1 Castrella.
oars.

5 to 1 apt Cireaselan
WO to 101..-ow Omen (taken)
6 to 4 on the field against three.
• re. mum
liretbar to tomtit (taken)
The snatch between Priem and Itettiever for 1,000 ow. at the neat
Dooeaster agenda& k of by cameo&

COURT )OR RELIEF OF INEOLVENTVEBTORE.

TM Matters of the Positions sad Schedules of the Prisoners herein.
after named (the same haring been bled in the Coen) are appointed
to be heard et the Court-how, in Portagel.mmot, Lembo% Ina-
bids, sa Wednesday; Feb. 2, at mine In the forenoon.
Wm. Harrington, late of Newington Place, Newington Butts, stock
broker.
Jams Connor, late of Whisk's-street, lJerkenwell, mu of employ.
Elegem Hancock, Ism of Prospect-place, St. Osorge's Fields, journey.
man het" and occesionelly dialing is hats.
Joseph Manton, late of Burwood.plece. Coosa& Tema, gunmeker.
Joseph Parlor* We et Worship.street, Finsbury, butcher and milkman.
Wm. Henry Atkins Cole, Imo of Chept‘eireet, Stockwell, Surrey, out
of employ
Robert Moose, loss of huh Fields, Wandsworth, labourer.
Hugh Ross, Ws of Hm.........Cheiristse.strest, Fitaroy-saptare. not follow.
ing beim le
Hem Me if C=s7flimess, csatimalta.
Ild42ouir itot_et isetw, seackstakic
lu at Biliget* Ohimmombhie, general shopkeeper.
qmiatte
11l lase of Peteetmwoogh, lolupteasktoe, labourer.
Joseph Madam of ht. .141matrost, St. Sepulchre, 'sem maker
and brass (inns..
Daniel' Pedt,kbe at Hasse.strost, Paddlers's, emichmon, out of

ion
ittorert nooks, late of Georp-strost, Shomeditek, boot and shoemaker.
THURSDAY, Tom 3.
ma an, We of South Ville, •WaNdswerth-rood,
Juni Iliseb, We debersostbsserlses, St. Jobismeset, livery stable
bompir„
Mem Mar,, late of Salbilmosue, wt eflesolassa
Lihho Celemos Isis el lasemllelds, dal wtekar,
Ildosol Cemell, We of deo Ilemrsod, tow keeper.
law Prat, Ines el &baud, loses, setae
Simiedok Haps% bee of SesiaN sailmokos
Sow/ Used" Non" lass of lleek, Belliml-pres, warehouse-
, sees la ths Soot bdis Omo's smoke.
' WSW' Sandy, We of Red Limonite, Clakenwell, jeweller.
Rhin& Caw In% lass of Me Swots Can: Blockade.
Ame Ilestow, lam of BesstWaset, Cieldessoptore, servant.
Rids* Slope's, lass of Oral Iloy's.boildiess, St. Mamba's-Lae,
jeweller.
Caroline Kirk Saks, lets of Lids Sleophltesomeset, est of kethems.
limy Brown, Ime of Itlosommieset, Ooldeposreet, Lambs* tebsoco.
plpt manufacturer.
Tbsaws Hubbert, lass of Smut Cdolbeddlotaths, out d beedsess
Jos* Pike, late of Wellington-sweet, Closwellmmet, est "nosiness°

There bag just been placed in Henry the Seventh's Chapel,
Westminster Abbey, a statue of the Duke de Montpeesier,
brother of Louis Phillip, King of the French. This statue
was executed by Westmacott, the sculptor, by command of
Louis Phillip. when Duke of Orleans, and last in England.
The Duke died in this country in 1807, aged 32 years. The
work consists simply of the statue of the Prince recumbent
on a low table-tomb. He is vested in the royal robes, with
a coronet encircling his head; his right hand, which rests on
his breast, holds a Missal; the Arms of Orleans, issuing
from rich foliage, terminaMs the base.
Town-Hsu.—As old mu, ***ll AU Jot" wits charged under
the Vagrant Atm, Oseandas, onstabb, stated that, about ekves
o'clock yesterday imass, the phew been trim este of tbs blind
arches of the new Wier, sad hobs mid by a ipeodsatia passiati if he
had allot there laic Mei, sold helot, sod osaissistal • violin tirade
whit as Lord Mayor and saw City Mashonass, whom ha scarad
stuebeing to Mine or pea hie * his pod*
Wain. dichosa' Mirky tint him to litiumordsr assult.
Thilioll-llehiA—Zdward•Driier, who MOW
graver,
at am wt.
rave; wag broodit up by ere of the wasp of the musty ink, for
amlfistilire of orbits to a: prisms, sisilisd doss der
*id hit was an prate or litsligiuMekeis if chit per*,
odisnilbla he wadi est have its the risk. Ms hod :Wird is see a so.
(it Us who was hisiossimed lbws far debt, aid begin*/ to visit hies
without egg is wive his apish., those° these was as hem hi
taking Ids a pia 1 body. Us was Susi