Star.
London, England, 1830-10-11 00:00:00

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

EXPRESS FROM PARIS.
:'ront the Second Edition of the Messager des Chawares of Sunday,
and the other French Papers of Saturday.
The Chamber of Deputies had adopted M. Tracy's proposition for
.he abolition of the punishment of death in all political cases, and re-
cared it to the King with a request that he would, during the re-
cess, have a project devised for carrying it into effect. The political
aspect was less pacific than it had been in Paris. The following are
extracts :---
The Monileur contains an ordinance, commanding all functionaries,
civil and military, to take an oath of allegiance in these terms:—." I
swear fidelity to the King of the French, obedience to the Constitutional
Charter, and the laws of the Kingdom." This oath to be taken within
fifteen days, and all non-jurors to be consider i as dismissed.
(From the 3fessager des Chambres, dated Sunday.—
Second Edition.)
The news is confirmed that there is great agitation in Holland. They
accuse the King of having, by his obstinacy, brought matters to the
present crisis. It is said that the merchants of Amsterdam, who had
offered pecuniary succours to the King, before matters were brought to
the state in which they now are, have closed their purses, excusing
themselves upon the ground that, by the depreciation of the
public funds, they have already experienced very great losses.
A letter front the Hague says,—the King of the Low Coun-
tries is in a state of anxiety difficult to describe. Ile regrets much
that Matters have been driven to this point. Amongst the reports
which are spread it is mentioned that disturbances have broken out in
many cities of Holland, where they have refused to pay the direct
imrsts.
VIENNA, SErT. de Wessenburg is charged by our Ca.
binet with an extraordinary mission to the Government of the Ne-
therlands.
PARIS, OCT. B.—Letters from Barcelona of the 30th September an-
nounce the most hostile intentions on the part of the Count d'Espagne
against the Constitutional party. If some vigorous measures have not
been adopted by King Ferdinand, much blood will be spilt in
Catalonia. At Oviedo numerous bands of assassins are organized.
The attitude of Generals Longa at Valentia, and Querada at Se-
ville, will, without doubt, have disconcerted the plans of the Apo,-
tolics. A private letter from Brussels, of the date of the 6th, in-
forms us that a body of 1,500 volunteers, under the command of M.
Parent, left that day to attack the remains of the Royalist troops, yet
it. the environs of Molines. M. Niellon extends his observations so
far as the Bois le Due at Maestricht, so as to interrupt the communica-
tion between that city and Louvaine. At the departure of the courier a
report was spread at Brussels that the King had quitted Holland, and
that an insurrection bad taken place, and the Royal Palace been pil.
laged. Prince Moskowa has arrived at Stockholm, and has delivered to
the King of Sweden an autograph letter from the King of the French.
(From Le Temps of Saturday.)
THE LAW RELATIVE TO THEiNATIONAL GUARD.
The Commission employed in preparing a project of law upon the
National Guard has concluded its labours ; it is for the most part a
remodeling of the former laws at the Restoration, the arrangement ofl
which might be said to present several anomalies. There is at present
no very particular innovation, except in the chapter relative to penalties.
Without leaving the liberty of citizens to the mercy of men often ani-
mated by unworthy passions, it was found necessary to contrive the
means of enforcing the service of those who were unwilling to perform
their duty in the National Guard.
M. Anatole de Montesquieu returned yesterday from his mission to
the Pope, and to the King of Naples; he has brought two autograph
letters from both these Potentates, and their formal recognition of the
present Government, besides new credentials for the Prince Casteleicala
and the Pope's Nuncio.
M. Alentant, the French Consul at Venice, who for the last two years
has performed that office in Venice, has just been appointed to the
latter employment, to replace M. Drovetti, who has been allowed to
retire.

There is a report at Brussels of an insurrectionary4movement in Hot-
land—that the King had made a hasty departure, anti that the Royal
Palace had been pillaged.
Admiral Duperre has arrived in Paris.
From the Courtier Francais of Saturday.
News from Brussels, of the 6th of October, states positively that four
English frigates have arrived in the Escaut, for the purpose of pro.
tecting our commercial shipping against the attacks of the Royal
Navy.
Front Le &lye.

As account from Charleroi, of the Sth of October, states that at one
o'clock in the afternoon that city surrendered, and that 31. de Nalme, an
Advocate, was the person who negotiated the surrender. This im-
portant victory is due to the bold determination of the brave inhabi-
tants, and of those of the district.. Two days have been allowed to the
troops for evacuating the place ; they will be obliged to lay down their
arms, and can take with them only their baggage.
The materiel found in this city amounts in value to 10 millions.
BARCELONA, SEPT. 30.—The Quijote, who had been disarmed by
the Count d'Espagne, when the Kingcame to reside here for. short time,
have just received orders, from the same Count d'Espagne, to take up
their arms again. Our city, in which not a single company of Royal
Volunteers could be raised since the overthrow of the constitution, must
row furnish two battalions, each of SOO: the Colonel is M. Margarola ;
the Regidor Espana is the Commander of the Ist battalion, and M.
Bosols is at the head of the second. These three officers belong to the
nobility, and have been signalised as the most inveterate of Catalonia.—
The men who have presented themselves to be enrolled in the different
regiments are chiefly servants of the nobility and of ecclesiastical persons.
Up to the present day, no respectable tradesman, not any person
engaged in commercial pursuits, has offered himself for this service.
The arming of Catalonia, and the other measures adopted by the
Count d'Espana against the Liberals, arc the result of instructions
and orders received from the Apostolicals, Zambrano and Calomarde.
" I have a carte Uanche," observed the Count d'Espana to one of
his friends, a few days since, " and I shall deliver the country from
the fatal intoxication which infects it." In fact, this sanguinary per-
sonage has taken it into his head to exterminate the most distinguished
of the Liberals (Negros,) and it is for the purpose of rendering this mas-
sacre the more feasible that he has had them scattered throughout different
villages in the provinces. The Prince de Moskowa has been received
at Stockholm, and admitted to a special audience by the King of
Sweden, to whom he delivered an autograph letter from the King of the
French. Besides the exile of the Apostolical leaders, and the banish.'
mein of Father Cyrillo, to which we alluded yesterday, the King et
Spain has pronounced hit determination of rejecting the assistance of
the Ministers Calomarde and Zambrano. 111 M. Arjona and Melia are
mentioned as the persons who succeed to their places.
CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES, FRIDAY.
(PRESIDENCY OF X. LAPITTE.)

The debate upon the project of law for guaranteehig, in the name of
the State, the repayment of 60,000,000 of francs of loans or advances
which might be made to commerce or industry.
M. Delessert moved, as an amendment, that the amount be re-
duced to 30,000,000, ar.d that, instead of inviting others to advance by
the prospect of a guarantee, the karate would itself give available secu-
titles. payable at different dates, not far distant.
.1 long and animated debate took place, but in the result the amend-
ment was negatived, and the original motion agreed to.
The Order of the Day was the discussion of the proposition of M.
de Tracy, for the abolition of the punishment of death.
M. de Taacir wished no one to entertain the idea that his proposition
was merely the declaration of a principle —of a theory. The proposi-
tion he should make to the Chamber was conceived in these terms :
•• I have the honour to propose to the Chamber to declare by a law that
the punishment of death is abolished in France. This proposition is
really a law. In this respect the Commission may, and ought to, con-
sider my proposition as a proposition of law. It ought to propose the
-doption, rejection, or modification of it. The speaker announced that
would consider succinctly the law telative to the punishment of death.
Ile cited what had passed in the Constituent Assembly, when, with the
ailanisnous consent of two Committees, the abolition of the punishment
ut death had been proposed. The honourable member then entered into
A teamed and luminous discussion, to prove that society had no right to
pronounce the punishment of death.
31. Keratry examined the question in a philosophical point of view.
As to death for political crimes, he considered what advantage society
could derive from the death of the guilty person. lie thought that, far
trout being useful to society, this death might become hurtful. Looking
to what punishment a political offender exposed himself, was it not
Itkely that his cause was good, since h: had embraced it at the peril of
his life
Gen,ral LAFAV ET T E—l support with all my powa, as I have al-
ways done, the proposition of my hon. friend, 31. de Tracy. I will ob-
serve, that this question ought to be looked at from the elevated point
of view in which the last revolution has placed us. The question is as
to completing our revolution. This completion will take place by the
elections. The Electoral Colleges are about to send us Deputies capable
cat appreciating all that the r: volution has done, and all that it promises
us. These who ask for the adjournment of this proposition have not
had the mifortune to see their families dragged to the scaffold. I am,
tor my part, the enemy of the punishment of death, and, above all, the
enemy of the punishment of death in political matters.
tl. (lirord the l'Ain, after a remarkable discourse, proposed "that the
punishment of death is aholis d. A project of law will be presented
to the Chamber, during the Session, to determine the punishments
which ought to be substituted ler the punishment of death, in the cases
which it is now applied."
A long discussion took place, as well upon the proposition of M. 01-
rurd de l'Ain, as upon that of 31. Keratry, to refer the matter to a
l'Ammieeiron, which, during the Sitting should draw up an Address to
:he King, supplicating hiin to prepare a law for the abolition of the
ianishment of death.
The latter proposition was adopted.
At 8 in the evening the Chamber again met.
M. Berenges presented the proposed Address to the King.
MM. de Tracy, Jaquemincr, Loathe Silveri, and others, were heard
relative to the safest The Chamber successively adopted the various
Paragraphs, and also voted the adoption of the Address, after a KM-
unl, in which the numbers were-226 for, and 21 against it. ,

The President announced that the King would, to-morrow, at twelve
o'clock, receive the deputation with the address.
CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES, OCT. 9.
The President took the Chair at one, when Al. Gaston de la Roche-
foucauld handed in 7,600 francs front the inhabitants of Bourges and
Soncerre ; NI. Lecarlier another sum of 9,140 from those of Laon ; and
NI. Humana 2,200 francs from the Custom-officers of the depart.
ment of Bas-Rhin : to be applied to the wants of the wounded of July.
M. Marachal made a report on several petitions.
A M. Reybert, of Paris. said he asked to be allowed to prove that,
during the Ministry of Vilele and Polignac, a sum of five millions of
francs was applied to purchase a mass of illegal debts, amounting to
100 millions, which were admitted into the accounts of the liquidation
of arrears for their nominal value, and of which 95 millions remained at
the personal disposition of the Ministers. 31. Reybert further accused
31. Dudon with being the principal agent of these actions.
The petitioner, observed the Reporter, not being able to substantiate
his assertions, I propose the Order of the day.—Agreed.
M. Guillemin, of Paris, suggested the plan of placing a register in
each municipality in France, on which every Frenchman, arrived at the
age of majority and enjoying civil rights, will express his assent or dis.
sent to raising the Duke of Orleans to the throne.
M. Marschal said that the Chamber, in presenting the Duke of Dr-
ies= with the Crown, had ministered to the wishes of the nation. He,
tewsequently, proposed the Order of the Day.
M. de Lameth said that he did not consider the petition even worthy
of the Order of the Day. "Them is," said he, an anarchical, if not a
counter-revolutionary, intention in the petition. Three months after
the King has been raised to the throne, and when the choice of the
Chambers has received the sanction of the whole nation, it is the height
of impertinence to contest the rights of the King.
Al. Mancha justified the intention of 31. Guillemin. His petition
is dated the 2d of August, at which time the form of Government was
as yet uncertain. The order of the day was then carried.
Franclieu, of Senlis, presented the project of a new social
contract.
This petition being likewise anterior to the amendment made to
the Charter, the Reporter proposed to pass to the order of the day.
Agreed.
M. Daunant continued the report on the petitions.
31. Cesar, of Troyes, said he called for the re-imbursement of the
two millions appropriated by Napoleon, in 1814, to recompense
military or civil services, and services rendered to his person and
family.
The Reporter entered into long considerations respecting Napoleon's
Civil List. In 1814 (said he) it amounted to an immense sum, and
was seized upon by the King of France. In 1817 and 1822 the subject
was brought before the Chamber by Al. La Bouilleeie, the Minister
of the King's Household, who declared that the balance of that list in
his hands amounted to upwards of six millions, which he was ready to
pay into the public Treasury. The Reporter was of opinion that the
petition should be referred to the Council of Ministers.
M. Medlin row to support the prayer of the petitioner. " Napoleon
(said he) abandoned to the nation all his personal property,on condition
that two millions were paid to persona whose names he wrote with his
own hands. This list was likewise signed by Maria Louisa, and
ratified by the Allied Sovereigns. Since the restoration, the Mi.
nistry constantly refused to fulfil these conditions. The donees in vain
presented their claims by every legal means in their power ; they were
told to produce the original documents establishing them, and that jus-
tice would be done them. They discovered them in the bureau of the
Foreigmoffice, and deposited them in the hands of the Ministry of Fi-
nances. Baron Louis himself acknowledged their receipt. Since that
period I myself made every inquiry in that office, and could find no
trace of them ; but I learned from some officers of that department that
they had bean locked up in the private desk of the Minister, and were
finally destroyed. The petitioner and his fellow-sufferers merit the soli-
citude of the Chamber. I support the conclusion of the Commission."
The petition was referred to the Council of Ministers.
The Chamber then proceeded to the discussion of the law on liquors,
which was carried without opposition. •
PALI, STOCK EXCHANGE, OCT. 9.—Five per Cents, 93f 40c
60c 96f 95f 90c 80c 75c 80c 90c 96f 95f 95c 90c 80c 70c 80c 70c 6k
96i 10c 96f 15c. Three per Cents. 64180 c 90c 63f 65f 10c 65f 64f
85c 90c 63f 65f 20c 65f 65f 10c 65130 c. Rente de Naples. 62f 75c
. 63f 62f 90c 75c. Rente d'Espagne, 18} 18 184. Royal Spanish
Loan, 49. Rente Perpetuelle d'Espagne, 38 374 37 374 - Haitian
Loan, 370 f.
ExcxAvoz ox Loxoox.—One Month—Paper, 25f 3k ; Money,
25f 30c. Three Months—Paper, 25f 20c ; Money, 25f I3c.

From the Herald Correspondent.

MADRID, SEPT. 30.

This day it is stated in the Order of the town, that, in celebration of
the anniversary of the happy liberty of his 3lajesty, and the plenitude
of his imprescriptible rights. on the Ist of October next there is to be a
grand gala, he having deigned to fix the hour at half-past 11 that day, for
the general kissing of hands (or reception at Court). The artillery
of the royalist volunteers will, on so joyful an occasion, firea triple
salute of cannon. The Sub-delegate of Police and Alcalde, de Coste
Zorrilia, was yesterday dismissed from his employment and replaced
by the Lieutenant Corregidor, Don Garcia Donal. The duties of
the police branch are exercised in their different quarters by the
Alcaldes. The Corte are likewise separated from their autho-
rity, and will be confided to Commissioners named for this purpose.
Sese deem these appointments a triumph of the moderate party over
the furious, and believe it to be a step towards a modification in the
system of Government, which has been talked of these last two or three
days in these parts, but others think it rather an effect of the strong
situation circumstances have thrown our Governors into, who fear to
find themselves in a thousand calamities unless they can bridle the
Apostolicala. Nevertheless, as this is at first sight in contradiction
with the fact of the Government having, within these few days, called
upon the Chiefs of the Army of the Faith, to raise men in the respective
provinces which were the theatre of their exploits some time previous to
the last French invasion, it is impossible to explain it otherwise than by
the heterogeneousness of the ministry, and the vacillation it is reduced
to by the scantiness of its resources, and the struggle of opinions and
opposite interests, which are manifested in the provinces. Its first de-
termination during the present distress was to throw itself into the arms
of the Apostolicals, by showing them the identity of their interests, be-
cause political opinions in reality required the closest union against
their common enemies, the Constitutionalists; but experience has proved
to government that this faction, tiro' too weak to support it against the
imposing mass of Constitutionalists, was still strong enough to commit
it in a terrible manner, and to precipitate its fall by their mad
demands—for it wished to command, and not to obey—and
most of all by their bloodthirstyness, and by their rage for
persecutions, which was now more imprudent and more un-
seasonable than ever. Thus the Ministry was placed in the hard alter.
native of becoming either their victims or their scourge; it chose in
preference the latter. In consequence of this the measures I have
spoken of to you, and the arrests which were renewed the night before
last were resorted to. Don Justo Pastor Pares was yesterday exiled from
this capital, and this day Don Rutin° Gonzales, and other persons of
less note, have left Madrid in the same manner.
One of the chiefs of the Army of the Faith has effected an 'mune.
tion in La Mancha, with 60 horsemen, and proclaimed Carlos V. At
first it was said to be El Ladle, but others deny this, and say that,
on the contrary, this defender of Absolutism has offered his services
to the Constitutionalists as one of those who deem themselves most
aggrieved by the present Government. Be this as it may, the rising
is certain, and it is equally certain• that 200 chasseurs of the
Royal Guard have left Ocana, and today a squadron of lancers of
the same guard leave this capital for the purpose of pursuing the insur-
gents. Letters from Seville state that Gen. Luisada was about to dia.
arm, because they have likewise contrived a riot with the " negroes."
At Ayamonte, believing, no doubt, that the day fixed at Seville had
already dawned for arming them, the riot broke out, and they murdered
some Constitutionalists and nillaged their houses. Another tumult in
Murcia is likewise spoken of, but I could not learn in whose favour it
was. On the 22d there was a riot at Cadiz. The occasion of it was a
fight between the Carabineers Guards Costa pursuing, on the line of
demarcation, a vessel, and firing on the same, by which they killed
3 men, whose corpses having been carried into Cadiz, excited the great.
eat irritation in the public mind. The people broke out in imprecations
against the carabineers, crying " Death, death, to tyranny ! Long live
liberty !"&c. A number of prisoners were taken In consequence thereof,
mostly belonging to the lower part of the people.
It has been observed, for some time past, that the Diario of this eapi.
tal has been filled with sales of estates. Many suppose that these estates
belong to the monks and ecclesiastical corporations, who are converting
them into money, tu shelter themselves against the blows of fortune.
The Royal Palace has resembled, for some time past, a fortress threat-
ened with a siege, especially at night. The sentries have been doubled
at all the avenues. Others have been placed at points where there never
had been any before. The troops load with ball cartridges, and the arta.
laymen remain by the side of their cannon.
A friend, who has his intelligence from the Government itself, tells
me that, besides the prisoners I have spoken of, the Advocate Cavia,
son of the Notary of the mine name, and brother of the Secretary of the
Ambassador of Paris, the Alcalde de Corte Villaine, Colonel of Royal-
ists, the Curate Merino Zerilla, Father Mile del Co'o de Valiteras,
and others of less note, are likewise going into exile. Don Pio Elisalde
is a prisoner in gaol, and the Archbishop Yuguansa is arrested at
Toledo. In Stocks and Vales Consolidados there is nothing doing.
Vales Non Coned 9. Ditto, without interest, 4i. Bank Shares S.

BRUSSELS PAPER&
(atcsivsn Lair, =Gar.)
(From the ✓oerwd de Is Belgique of Oct. 7,8, 9. )
1111711111114 OCT..
PIROTISIOTAL sovsasmsxr.

The Central Committee of the Provisional Government considering
that the Dutch Government is fanning Commissions at the Hague, com-
posed, among others, of Belgians, lately members of the States-General,
to treat of the affairs of Belgium, referring to its Decree of October 4,
100, on the Independence of Belgium, declaim to be null and void,'

infringing on the ineepeedenee and safety of the State, all acts or trans.
actions %Inch &Iglus or others not furnished with power from the
Provisional Ch.vanatent, stall take on them to sign or to conclude.
" DL POTTER,
"S. VANDE MEYER,
"CH. ROGIRR,
"COUNT FELIX DE MIRODE,
" J. VANDERLINDEN, Secretary.
" Brussels. Oct. 5, 1830."
The Provisional Government has just appointed a Committee to draw
up a Constitution. It consists of Messrs. Van Meenen, de Gerlaehe,
Thielmans, Dreamt. de Brouckere, Fabry, Ballin, boucle, and Thom.
The Central Committee has appointed two notaries and twelve citizens
of Brussels, to inspect all the places ravaged by the enemy, and to take an
authentic account of the injury done to property, and the acts of violence
committed against individuals, in order to transmit to posterity the proofs
of the unlte:trd-of ravages committed in the city of Brussels by the
Dutch troops, under the command of Prince Frederick of the Nether.
lands. The Secretary of the French Legation to the Court of the
Netherlands set out this morning at six o'clock, with dispatches for the
Hague. A British Cabinet Messenger, coming from the Hague, with
dispatches for Linden, passed through yesterday.
BRUSSELS, OCT. 7.
The troops are in their positions a league beyond Vilvorde ; the
bridge of Eppeghent. on the ienne, is defended by artillery, beyond
which is the camp. General Cort Heiligera has fallen back to Hawk
and Maul/cell% According to accounts from Antwerp, orders had
been received there its the 4th to evacuate that fortress, and make the
troops fall hack to the old Dutch line; but this order had been re-
voked, acd the troops still occupy their positions, behind the Seth.

BRUSSELS. OCT. 8.

COMMUNICATION TO OUR FELLOW CITIZENS.

" A person, sent by his Royal Highness the Prince of Orange, heel
been desired to apply to us in order to obtain information on the state of
opinion, and on the means of reconciling the interests of his Royal
Highness and those of the Belgic nation. We have declared to this
person that we had no authority to treat with the Prince on the future
situation of Belgium ; that this right belonged to the National Con.
gress, which can alone decide on the future situadon of the country,
and that unless we received a special authority from the people we could
not go toAntwerp,as the Prince had expressed a desire that we should do.
11'e also expressed to this person that a conduct eminently open and
liberal, that the retreat or the troops beyond the bloertlyk, the
return of our prisoners, and other popular acts, might, perhaps,
lessen the public indignation, and avert the effects of the aversion which
involve% all the members of the house of Nassau. We added that all
acts emanating from the King are considered as null and void, and that
even the good which his Royal Highness might do would have no effect
If the hand of the King appeared h it. The full and entire publicity
of all our actions is what we owe to our tellow.citizens.
"Count F. de MIRODR,
"S. VAN DE WEVER."

" Bruue4•, ('et. T.

LIEGE, OCT. 6.

The negociations for the occupation of the citadel hare been concluded
this morning. The following are the principal conditions:—The Dutch
troops to leave with arms and baggage, And go by the great road to
Maestrecht. The General engages on his honour that no excesses shall
be committted. The fort shall be given up to Major Lolivier, of the
I Ith division, who has engaged on his honour to keep and command the
fort in the name of the King of the Netherlands, during the ten
days that this convention is pending.—The Dutch are to leave all the
artillery, &c. except three field.pieces. The Belgians shall remain in
the citadel, and receive provisions on paying for them. Those who
think themsclve bound in honour to go to hlaestrecht are at liberty to
do so. No troops to reinforce the citadel during the convention.
LIEGE, OCT. 7.

The 1,100 Dutch began their retreat to Maestrecht yesterday triter.
noon. General Van Brecop and Cola. Favange and Pestiaux, marched
at their bead. They passed in silence between a double line of our
guards, whose good appearance made a singular contrast with the dia.
order and despondency of the Dutch. Almost all the soldiers of the 1 lth
division gave unequivocal marks of affliction. Many went to the citizens
and affectionately shook hands with them. The soldiers of the 13th
division (the whole of which departed), almost all of them young recruits
hardly knowing how tocarry their arms, looked at the long line of our
battalions with a surprise evidently mingled with terror. Gen .Berlaymont,
accompanied by his staff, took lave of Geri. Boecop on the plain of Bo-
coot, whither our guard followed the retiring garrison. Our chiles:
soldiers returned into the city at four c'clock, and were received with
the liveliest acclamations. The troops that left yesterday passed the night
at Tonga, which they were to leave this morning. The militia of
the district of Verviers arrived at Liege yesterday evening. The num-
ber of militia in the barrack of St. Lawrence is 2000 ; the formation
of companies proceeds actively, in a few days 4000 National and
Liegeois militia will he ready to take the field ; the example set by the
province of Liege will doubtless be imitated by the other provinces.—Po-
litique.
GRIN'? Oct. 7.
According to the Algesteen Nielsen Biter!, it is reported that M. Van
Tets will be replaced by Baron RoelL The same paper says :—Ant.
werp, our last support in the south, is going to escape from us ; the 3d
division was on the point of coming to blows with the Burgher Guard,
and has been sent out of the city to prevent great misfortunes."

PROVINCIAL ESTATES.
EXTRAORDINARY DEETING.

" We, the undersigned Members of the Provincial Estates of East
Flanders, have loluntarily met to-day in the Hall of the Estates, and
have resolved to request Messrs. the Etats Deputies to join us today at
four P.M. in the said Hall, in order to convoke the Provincial Estates,
and unite them in a body of Notables, to consider the means to main.
tain order and tranquillity, and to deliberate on the wants of the
moment, in the extraordinary circumstances in which the province is
placed."