Star.
London, England, 1824-09-28 00:00:00

COLOMBIA.

We have received the Colombian Journals, the Con-
dit/dined, published in Spanish and English, and Ga•
zeta de Colombia, published only in Spanish, and con-
sidered the paper of the Government, to the 18th of
July. The expose or official statement of the Rliniste►
of the Interior, respecting the state of the Republic, of
which we gave an abstract some days ago; is published''
in successive numbers of the Constitutional. la the Ga-
xela de Colombia, of the 11th July, se find a copy of
the treaty of friendship, union, and alliance, concluded
between the Republic of Colombia and the Mexican
nation, on the '23d of October, 1823, and ratified by
the Colombian Government, June 30, 1824.. The arti-
cles of this Convention, the general purport of which has
been long known to the Public, stipulate--
• Art. 1. For an alliance both in peace and war, to
maintain the indepeodenceof both the contracting par.
ties, and to promote mutual prospelity by establishing
a correspondence of good offices and friendship.
Art. '2. For mutual assistance in case of attack or
invasion.

Att. 3. To render the above article effective, that a
particular treaty shall he made, settling the quantity of
assistance to be granted in given circumstances.
Art. 4. That the marine of both Powers shall be em-
ployed in this service of mutual defence.

Art. 5. That on sudden emergencies, all the dis-
posable forces of each State shall act hostilely against
the common enemy in the territory of the other.—
There ate, of course, limiting and qualifying clauses
to this article.

Art. 6. That both States shall yield all assistance in
their power to the ships of the other that may have suf-
fered at sea, or may enter their ports for repairs, &c.
Art. 7. That both States shall use all their endeavours
to put down corsairs equipped by individuals to thepre-
judice of national or neutral commerce, and that for this
purpose, they grant each to the Judges or Admiralty
Courts of the other, the power of condemning such cor-
sairs as sail under either of their respective fl igs.
Art. 8. That each guarantee the integrity of the ter-
ritory of the other, as it existed before the present war,
recognising as integral parts of each, all the provinces'
which, however governed before, have legitimately en-
tered into the formation of each Republic.
Art. 9. That the demarcation of that territory shall
be subsequently determined.
Art. 10. This article, which is so important as to de-
serve particular notice, is as follows:—lf unfortunately
inter nal tranquillity should be disturbed in any portion
of the abovementioned States, by turbulent and sedi-
tious men, enemies of the Governments legitimately
constituted by the will of a free people, quietly and
peaceably expressed through their laws, both parties en-
gage formally and solemnly to make common cause
against such disturbers, assisting each other as much as
lies in their power, to establish order, and to restore the
empire of the laws.

Art. 11. Every person exciting disturbances in one of
the allied States, and flying to another, shall be given up.
Art. 12. To draw faster the bonds of amity, and to
remove difficulties which might occasion a breach of
harmony, each State shall appoint two Plenipotentiaries,
with the powers of Ambassadors, to meet and settle
points of common interest under this treaty.
Art.l3. Both parties engage to interpose their good
offices with the other Governments of Spanish America)
to induce them to join this league.
Art. 14. As soon as this great and important object
shall have been obtained, a general assembly of the
American States, composed of representatives from each,
shall meet to cement in a more solid manner the rela-
tions of amity which ought to exist between them all
and each, to serve as a kind of council in great conflicts,
and to be a point of union in common dangers.
Art. 15. The isthmus of Panama being an integral
part of Colombia, and the place best fitted for this
august meeting, the Republic of Colombia engages to'
lend to the American deputies, sent to this assembly,
all the aid to which hospitality prompts, and which the
sacred character of these deputies demands.
Art. 16. Mexico makes the same engagement, should
the General American Assembly choose to meet on the
Mexican territory.
Art. 'l7. Provides that this treaty shall in no way in-
terfere with the separate sovereignty of each State.
Art.lB. Fixes the law for the ratification of the treaty.

This treaty was ratified by the Government of Colom-
bia at Bogota, on the 30th of June, with the exception
of the 10th, and a part of the 11th and 14th articles.
The Gazeta of the llth of July mentions that the
Commandant of Paste had on the Bth of June commu-
nicated a statement, that Olaneta the zoi-disant Viceroy
of Peru, had defeated General Caratala, likewise a
Royalist, and that a division of the Royalists had passed
to Bolivar. This seems the same account which we have
had here for some time, and which as yet is made to rest
on no certain authority.
In the Government Journal of July 18, we find a de-
cree which had passed the Senate and the Chamber of
Representatives on the 7th of the same month, and had
received the assent of the Executive on the 10th, fixing
the rate of duty on the exportation of alt articles the
growth or production of the Republic. These duties
are all now brought into one account, and are to be
paid uniformly over all the provinces of the State. The
following are a few of the articles enumerated in this
decree, with the duties payable on exportation :—Un-
tanned hides, 10 per cent. cocoa, 15 per cent. dye=
wood, 5 per cent. mules, 20 dollars per head; hor.es,
16 dollars per head, and other cattle 12 per head ;
coined gold, 3 per cent. The exportation of gold-dust
is prohibited: coined silver and platina are likewise pro-
hibited from being exported, for what reason we know
not. All articles not enumerated above pay a duty on
exportation of 4 per cent. The provisions of this de-
cree would appear, to say the least of them, very im-
politic. Colombia ought to encourage, rather than
check, the use of her pi oduce among foreigners ; and if
she must raise a revenue on trade and commerce,
should obtain it rather in some other way than by
shackling the flee export of the articles furnished by her
soil and industry. Foreigners will not submit to be
taxed for the benefit of the Colombians. If the duties
imposed, therefore, on the exportation, of Colombian

LeRl6:ll4 EVEN• PfhIMCR,/

commodities he higher thfn those paid in other quarters,
foreigners will desert the Colombian markets for those
of other States, and the Government will thus lose not
only their own duties, but destroy the trade of its sub-
ject.. We find in this paper another decree, prohibiting
the ioripottution of salt into any port of the Republic.
It is a long time before Governments learn that they
best consult the public interest by letting things alone.
The following notice of the state of matters in Peru
was issued at Bogota, under the authority. of Govern-
ment, on July 19th, the day after the publication of the
Gazelle, which communicates no additional information
except the position of Bolivar, when sending the dis-
patch to the Intendant of Truxillo. Huanchas is about
forty miles to the north of Lima.
t. The Liberator writes from Huanchas, near Lima,
(date about the middle of May), that the Army of the
Viceroy • Olaneta had gone over to himself, and the
troops of the Republic, and that his Excellency con-
templated taking active measures to exterminate the
remainder of the Royalist forces during the rest of the
month. The Viceroy Olaneta, after declaring himself
for the Independents, had an engagement with General
Caratala, a Spaniard, and made him prisoner. All
this has been written by the Liberator himself to the
esident."

SPAIN.

PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE.
" MADUD, SIPTIMII.II 13.
" By the last mail from Andalusia, we learn that
symptoms of disaffection had shewn themselves at Cor-
dova, which led to a tumult, and the loss of nearly
hundred lives of the Liberal party, and the pillage of a
number cf their houses by the ItNyalists. The Consti-
tutionalists have been misinformed, or have miscalcu-
lated upon the support to be derived from their (*tends
in the Peninsula. It is evident that dissatisfaction is
very general, and that this dissatisfaction is repressed
by the presence of the French troops. From Galicia
there is nothing new, other than that the French are
very busy fortifying Corunna—a caution rendered per-
haps unnecessary, by the late events, for the time they
may remain there.
" Through the medium of the French papers, it ap•
pears two reports have obtained ground in England, of
which in Spain—that is, in Madrid--we really had no
idea, and they have become topics of conversaticn
merely) almost from the absurdity of them ; they are,
an intention of recognising the Constitutional Loans;
and sending the Infante Don Francisco to Mexico.
Not absurd in themselves, if adopted, but absurd in
people supposing that anything reasonable should be
done by the Spanish Government.
" Now, as respects the shipment of Don Francisco to
Mexico, the recruits raised with the intention of being
sent to America have returned to their homes. The plan
of sending troops thither is abandoned ; all officers must
be purified, and it will be a long time ere a sufficient
number will get their certificate of purification. and a
very long time ere a selection can be it ade f such
as shall unite all the qualities required by the Go-
vernment. There is no naval force. The Pei ia frigate,
arrived at Cadiz from Carthage,qr, is the only vessel
there, and she is destined immediately for the Ha v annah.
It is true, two seventy-fours are building in Fe, rol, and
will be ready to launch in six weeks. They are to be
equipped and sail, perhaps, in frur i,r six month -, it the
present Ministers remain in power and the , gin is not
changed; and admitting them to be ready in that time,
is the Infante to go abroad without troops, without of-
ficers, without an accompaniment of Nobility, v, ithout
money ?—is he to land at Vera Cruz alone upon a wi:d
goose chace of being received or not? But the grand
obstacle is, the Infante never had the idea of any such
thing, and positively does not go; and those know no-
thing ofhis character who dream of any such undertaking.
" Sir William and Lady A'Court, with the Under Se-
cretary, the Hon. Mr. Dundas, left this on Tht rsday
The 9th instant fur Lisbon."