Star.
London, England, 1831-07-29 00:00:00

- _ _
FOREI(.SI INTELLIGENCE.

EXTRACTS FROM THE PARIS JOURNALS.
RECEIVED THIS DAY.

PARIS, JULY 27.
By an ordonnance of the King, dated July 26,
Rear-Admiral Baron Roussin has been raised to
the rank of Vice Admiral.—Moniteur.
It is certain that M. Perier has declared that he
will retire if M. Lafitte is elected to the Presidency
of the Chamber. It is affirmed that Marshal
Soult is in the same dispositions.—Quotidienxe.
The majority of the• Chamber of Deputies is
sufficiently well delineated in the formation of the
Bureaux. Upon 18 presidents and secretaries,
12 belong to the just medium, six to the opposition.
—Le Globe.

It is rather remarkable that France and England
show us at this moment the elective chamber and
the hereditary chamber placed in a position nearly
similar. Thus the English system of the three
powers may be found broken at once in France
and in England.—Gazette de France.
Immediately after the Speech from the Throne,
the Minister of Foreign Affairs forwarded dia..
patches for Saint Petersburgh, London, Vienna,
Berlin, the Hague, Constantinople, &c. Other
extraordinary couriers were dispatched for different
capitals of Europe ; and all the members of the
diplomatic corps profited from the expedition of
these couriers to address dispatches to their go-
vernments. The Count d'Ofalia dispatched a
courier to his court, and another to Vienna.—
Quotidienne.

The Duke of Angouleme has been at Reistadt
since the 14th of July. He has the intention of
proceeding to Baden.—Gazette d'Augsbourg.
The Duke de Mouchy, formerly captain of the
garde, des corps, passed through Versailles and
Sevres, escorted by two gendarmes, carrying pis-
tols in their hand. He was arrested in La Vendee.
Vigilant de Seine-et •Oise.
We are assured, that a telegraphic dispatch to
all the functionaries of the frontier departments
engage them to watch the proceedings of the
Duchess of Berry-48.nd in case that Princess should
be found putting her foot upon the French soil, it
is prescribed to conduct her •ery politely to the
frontier.

The Emperor Don Pedro arrived this day at
Paris, dined with the King, and was present at the
concert which took place at the Palais Royal.
The Emperim, who was to have quitted to-morrow
for Cherbourg, has accepted the invitation offered
him by the King of accompanying his Majesty to-
morrow on horseback, in the solemnities which will
take place at the Pantheon. It is to be hoped
that the Emperor will postpone his departure, in
order to be present at the review on the 29th,
which will be one of the most splendid reviews
with which the capital has ever been gratified.—
Moniteur.

The conquerors of the Butile have not been in-
vited to the ceremony of the anniversary of the
three days. It may be recollected, however, that
the ministry, by refusing all commemoration for
the 14th of July, announced that the two fetes
would be made into one. Why then do not the
veterans of French liberty figure by the side of
the men of the three days ? Few of them have
survived forty years ; but who would not have seen
with joy a deputation of these old patriots, guided
by the venerable Hulin, the Belisarius of our first
revolution, then eerjeant to the French Guards,
now General and Count ?—La Revelstioa.

HIIITORIC•L Souvzwia.—OnJuly26th.lB3o,
Charles X. by the grace of Got), King of France

and Navarre, made ordonnances contrary to liberty. 1
The journalists signed a protest—the working prin-
ters and the young men of the schools took the re-
solution of resisting—they did resist—the popula-
tion was drawn in—the signs of royalty were effaced
every where. The word li ING seemed to have
disappeared for ever ! It is assured that there has
been a revolution ! The men of power, however,
doubt it.—And so do we.—La Tribune.

We had remitted to us this evening a protest,
signed by more than 500 workmen, inhabitants of
the Faubourg St. Antoine, which energetically rs•
pulses all contract or connection with the fah*
workmen who were enrolled in the day of the 14th.
Ve shall produce this protest as a document for
acquittance in our law-suit.—National.
The 27th, 28th, and 29th of July—days for
ever memorable—days of mourning and of glory,
...

which the country will never forget, neither In fts
noble sympathy for the victims, nor in its gratitude
for the conquerors 1 We enter upon the week of
the people ; let us recal then, for the instruction
of all, that which was done by instinct—without
ambition, without orator, and without chief. It
was done by the sovereign people, irresistible.,
braving showers of grape-shot, breaking all ob-
stacles, and not laying down arms until they
encamped in the salons of the Tuileries.
What awakened that terrible giant? What
inflamed that rage ? A perjury ! The Char-
ter or death ! Eloquent cries which assem-
bled an army of heroes, and carried fear into
the soul of a felon King ! He had lied before
God—lied upon the gospel ; he had knowingly de-
stroyed the contract passed between France and
him. This accusation, coming from the bottom of
all hearts, overthrew the throne of Charles X.
It is but the morale of nations—it is clear as the
sun at noon day ; distinctions, interpretations can-
not obscure it. Isolated man is sometimes un-
fortunate enough to bargain with his conscience;
a people, never !—Journal de Paris.

BELGIAN FORTRESSES.
Na I.
PROTOCOL OF A CONFERENCE,

HELD AT THE FOREIGN-OTTICE 17TH APRIL, 18$1.
Present—The Plenipotentiaries of Austria, Great Britain,
Prussia, and Russia.

" The Plenipotentiaries of Austin, of Great Britain. of
Pra»:a, and of Russia, having met, have directed their at-
untion to the fortresses constructed since the 'year 1815 bt
the kingdom of the Netherlands, at the expense of the Four
Courts; and to the determinations which it would become
necessary to make with respect to these fortresses, when the
separation of Belgium from Holland shall have been de6•
nitively effected.

" Having carefully examined this question, the Plenipo-
tentiaries of the Four Courts were unanimously of opinion,
that the new sitnation in which Belgium would be placed,
with her neutrality acknowledged and guaranteed by France,
ought to change the system of military defence which bad
been adopted for the kingdom of the Netherlands; that the
fortresses in question would be too numerous not to make it
difficult for the Belgians to provide for their maintenance
and defence; that, moreover, the unanimously.admitted

inviolability of the Belgian territory offered a security which
did not previously. exist. Finally, that a put of these for-
tresses constructed under different circumstances, might at
present be rased.

" In consequence the Plenipotentiaries have finally de-
cided that, as soon as a Government shall exist in Belgium
recognized by the Powers taking part in the conferences of
London, a negociation shall be set on foot between the Four
Powers and that Government, for the purpose of selecting
such of the said fortresses as should be demolished.
(Signed) " RITZ/Barr. WrISESPZII4I.

" PI

"Bvt.ow.
" Lung N. Ila;
No. IL

" Foreign.nilice, July 14, 1831.
" The undersigned, Plenipotentiaries of the Courts of
Austria, of Great Britain, of Prussia, and of Russia, being
desirous of giving a further proof of the reliance which they
place on the disposition shown by the Government of hie
Majesty the King of the VIM* far the maintenance of the
general peace, think it their duty to communicate to the
Prince de Talleyrand the annexed copy of a protocol which
they have issued upon the subject of the fortresses erected
since the year 1815 in the kingdom of theNetberlands.
" The undersigned see no objection to giving the same
publicity to this protocol as may have been given to the
others acts of the negmiations which have taken place since
the month of November, 1830, on the affairs of Belgium.
" They take this opportunity to renew, as.
(Signed) " ESTIMILIMY.

‘ PI

" BULOW..
" Linz,. Illmoszsmc."

The Belgians have found a anagrams' in the follow-
ing announcement of their Hinge title I " Leopoldo, Bel.
garum Rex voce Populi." By adding together the amount
of the numerals in the above words, the year of his accession
is found, viz. L 60, L 50, D. 500, V 6, L 80, V 6,
SI 1000. X 10, V 6,C 100, V 6, L6O, I 1-1831.

The demolition of the fortresses of Belgium is
an important fact. Let us say some words upon it.
Once Belgium is separated from Holland, the
fortresses are no longer threatening : they had
made of the kingdom of the Low Countries, a
tete de pont against us; that kingdom fallen,
this We de pont has no longer anything threaten-
ing for France. The Belgian revolution has not
given us walls of stone, and brick fortresses; it'
has done better than that : it has given us the
hearts of its garrisons. Is this good disposition
of the Belgians in our favour changed ? We be-
lieve not. Belgium, in these late times, if we be-
lieve the Journals, is very angry against France;
she has accused her; cursed her; mere quarrels of
lovers, nothing more. The Belgians have the
same manners, and the same language as we
have. The interest of the greater part of the pro-
vinces attach them to France. All these tieswill not
be broken easily. Besides, we may add, that the
present anger is confined to Brussels, rather than
Belgium. The good disposition of the Belgians for
us wonld dismantle the fortresses of 1814, so effi-
caciously, perhaps, that they would cause them to
be sapped and mined. Their demolition is no great
advantage, one way or another.—Journal des.
Debats.

NEWS PROM POLAND.
EXTRACT OF A 'ATTILA FROM THI EORDRILS
OF IS•R, JULY 18.—The public journals have an-
nounced that Field Marshal Paskewitsch was by
birth a Pole, and hadjought for Poland in 1794.
This is false. The 'MU Marshal is a native of
an old Russian province, ad in 1794 he was atil
a Russian pege.—Gasette d'Augsbourg.
BERLIN, JULY 17.—The letters from %Flaw,
contradict the news of the pump of the Vistula I

near Plock. The project was abandoned te,„,
that the garrison of Modlin had made a livtly
monstration to oppose it. The Russians in fttirn,
have been pursued to the utmost by the Pc
have taken from them their baggage and
lion. The war becomes more and more
The Polish peasants concealed in the woods
all the strayed Russians. Humanity ti,
with horror at the frightful scenes committed (t
both sides. At Warsaw, the whole popuiatiwa
ready to make a desperate resistance. The ~,cw.
sity is felt of surrounding by a cordon sonitai,.
the point of the Prussian frontiers, occupied 40.4
corps of Gielgud, which has just been disarm,:d....
Gazette d' A ugsbourg.

POLISH FRONTIERS, JULY 16.—1 t
nounced that Sluszewo was occupied the tin
fore yesterday by 200 Cossacks. A comideran„
corps of the Russian army holds upon the lift bail
of the Vistula, the cities of Racioncrzir, of La.
branizk, and other points. Field-Marshal EA,
witsch stopped but a very short time upon th,
place where the passage was effected. 'Amuse tlm
the news bad arrived that the Polish General ua,
approaching the Narew, which decided the nu..
sian General to return to his quarters at Lipeo.....
Gazette de Prune.

A letter arrived from Berlin, dated the `2ot:,
addressed to a high personage, announces dim tl.,
Polish Generalissimo, after having allowed a rrt
of the Russian army to pass the Vistula, attacked
the other part with 30,000 men. The issue of
this battle is not known ; but every thing gives
reason to hope that it has been to the advantage of
the Poles, the portion of the Russian army uhicl,
bad crossed the river being in such a position that
it was impossible for it to cross again, to arrive 1t
useful time to the succour of the corps of the arn.%
attacked.—Le National.

The news of Poland is still too contradict :v t,,
`form a positive opinion upon the operations of tl.'L
two armies. A letter of the 17th states, that th
Russians have not passed the Vistula below Pluck.
Other letters of the 16th affirm, on the contrary,
that this passage is effected, and even mention se-
veral points of the left bank already occupied bv
the Russian troops. The Polish army, concentrated
at Modlin, appears to hold itself in observation.
until such time as the movements of the enemy
are defined a little more clearly. It has sent,
in the interim, detachments upon Plock ami
upon the Narew, to watch the marches
and countermarches of the Russians, If Mar-
shall Paskewitch has decidedly passed the Vistula
—a manoeuvre which will entire separate hies from
his communications with Russia—it is that the sup•
port of the Prussian Government is assured to him.
Backed thus at the frontier of Posnily he will re-
ceive provisions and ammunition by two grand
routs, that of Thorn to Warsaw, and that of
Posen to the same capital. This manoeuvre of the
Russian army is that which may be the most vexati-
ous. If the Poles sink, they will owe it to this posi-
tion. On the other side, Gen. Gielgud has just been
killed by a Polish officer, when he was layin;
down his arms upon the frontiers of Oriental Prus-
sia. It is added that Chlapowski is equally con-
strained to retire. It would appear, from this in-
telligence, that the Lithuanian insurrection is sup-
pressed, and that the Russian forces will proceed
towards the Bug to march upon Warsaw by the side
of Praga, while Paskewitsch will attack that capi-
tal by the left bank of the Vistula. 150,000 men
will probably soon be found assembled around thrt
heroic city. But the Poles will have, in compen-
sation of the number, the advantage of a central
position, and of a large river cutting the besieging
army in two. They may yet crush separately
the enemy's corps, as they have already
done at Grodchow and at Wawer. It is very
grievous to think that so many efforts should have
ended in bringing again the Russians under the
walls. of Warsaw, and that Poland will have to
attempt there her last stroke of fortune. The
sympathies of nations are evident ; but the Ca-
binets, those conductors of the people, hinder their
generous feelings. What could not France do
alone for a cause so noble? It would require to
traverse Prussia with the main army, and we should
arrive soon enough. Then the Germanic con-
federation would open us a friendly passage, by
Bavaria and Saxony ! But for such a negotiation
it would be necessary to have the unanimous con-
sent of all the co-States of the confederation,
comprising Austria and Prussia. But it may be
conceived that these two cabinets, holders them-
selves of a part of Poland, would oppose them-
selves to all that which would appear to disturb
them in the enjoyment of their usurpations. As
to England, we cannot count upon her. There
remains then for the Poles but courage or despair.
These are the instruments of victory; and if their
morale supports itself, they may still prove to the
world that the fate of arms is not always in favour
of the largest army.—Messager.

EVENING STAR.

LON DON .

FRIDAY, JULY 29.

We have received the Polish official Gazette up
to the 17th instant inclusive, at which time the
particulars of the battle near Nlinsk were not alto-
gaher known in Warsaw. It appears, however,
that the battle lasted three days, and that nine
fleets cf cannon and nine hundred prisoners were
ta:tcri from the Russians, and upwards of three
itiut.:and Muscovites put hors de combat.
To the dark deeds of Prussia, which have been
mg on increasing ever since the coinmencement of

the canpaign, we may add, that the boats and
h'idges, by which PASKEWITSCH, and his hordes
44 Muscovites, crossed the Vistula, were sent
from Thom, by these treacherous neighbours. So
much for their deeds. But now the black Prue-
hiani have also declared, in word, that they are no
lor,ga neutral, that they never were, nor ever in-
tended to be so ; and that for (the future they will
.-(lttleir faithful ally, NICHOLAS, and harms his
r,:colted subjects, the Poles !
We are happy to add that Warsaw is prepared
for MY attack ; the army and the people all are in
the highest spirits, and firm in their determination

to resist to the last. Nine pieces of cannon were
brought into Warsaw when our advice, left.

The Belgians treat with calmness and ration-
ality the groundless clap trap of Louis PHIL-
LIPPE about their Fortresses. They say very
properly that before Fortresses are destroyed
which stand on the soil of Belgium, the consent of
the Belgians is necessary ; and they disclaim any
agreement of which their Legislature is ignorant.
The daring of the assertion, put them however in
the wrong, and they will be Instructed and surprised
when they read Lord GREY'S explanation, and the
discussions in our Parliament. Then again as to
their being or not being part of the German Con-
federation, was not a subject for boast to a King of
FRANCE, who had as little to do with that question
as with the Fortresses. Belgium never was part of
the German Confederation, and as no one ever pro-
posed that it should become so, it is passing strange
that Louts PHILIPPE should insinuate, that
he had prevented what never bad been mooted.
The annexation of Luxemburg, may, or may not,
so far, connect Belgium with Germany ; but as
that is a point not settled, it was ridiculous to
found any assertion on a mere problem whose
terms are undetermined. In our opinion, if
Europe intends Belgium to be independent of
France, it ought to encourage the Belgians to keep
up their forces—not to menace France, which is
ridiculous—but to protect Belgium. What, how-
ever, are we to think of a Government's opinion
of its own past conduct, when it seeks popularity
by such mean assertions, and superadds other
boasts about Italy—a country which ought never to
be named by the present Government of France ?

Mr. O'CONNELL is proposing to establish the
sure foundations of justice in Ireland, by reforming
the JURY SYSTEM. The object is legitimate ; for
we believe that Irish juries aro caricature juries,
who merely take from the courts the responsibility
of caprice, and confer plausibility on oppression.
Now Mr. O'CoNwzi.t. is at once a liberal and
superior man ; yet of the true cause of
the evil he may know as little as Lord
ERSKINE, who once told the writer of this
paragraph, that it had never occurred to him
to ask himself the question how the Jury got into
the Box ; or, as Mr. PEEL, who pretended to
legislate about juries, and missed the only point
which needed prescription. The end is a fair
judgment of the community at large on the
question at issue. Hence 12 men passing con-
secutively through a public thoroughfare would
be the best aye! age of the community. But
twelve neighbours out of ono street in a town, or
one parish in the country, would be no average of
the community; for all such juries must consist of
ten or eleven obsequious persons, governed by one
or two, who had acquired an habitual ascendency
over the others, and to whom the ten or eleven
usually defer. Yet nine times in ten, from idle-
ness, this is the way juries are convened, for
the summoning officer has then but one walk, and
the clerk, who copies the list, but one page
to open. Hence, that definite character which
a jury acquires, during a term or assize; if
the one or two leaders are kind men, the
verdicts are merciful—if severe men, distinguished
by prompt convictions. It is not a decision by 12,
but by one or two ; and as lawyers do not sit on
Juries, they are ignorant of this cause. Call the
Jury from two districts—i. e. put two cocks or
leaders of six into the Jury, and they will uni-
formly debate long before they come to a decision.
Yet, it is a convenience to Jurymen, who come
from a distance, to travel in company ; but this in-1
dulgence to them may be combined with a'
neutralization of leaders, and an average of intel-
ligence, by impannelling every Jury from three
districts, or in three fours taken as distant from
each other, as the jurisdiction permits.
Such then is the elementary construction of a
good Jury, and any Law which does not secure
this mixture of influence, and average of intelli-
gence, misses the object. The whole is fully dis-
cussed in PHILLIPS on Juries, a book read in
every European Language, more than its own.
The next object is to prevent the picking
of men, either by Sheriff or the Summoning
Officer, who too often takes blank Summonses
and sells exemptions ; and therefore there
should be a penal clause, compelling the sheriff's
office to fill up the summonses to twelve or six-
teen in three districts, in the exact order in which
they stand in the general list, annually returned
for the purpose. They should then be called and
sworn talternately, so that the twelve should con-
sist of four from three districts as remote as pos-
sible from each other.

The same rale should govern the summoning
and impannelling of every kind of jury, whether
grand, special, or common, since the decisions of
all require a free, honest, and independent average
of public common-sense opinion on the subjects
brought before them.
If Mr. O'CoN N ELL'S Bill embrace these points,
he will be a benefactor to his country; but if he
leave this foundation of security and justice still
open to listlessness or intrigue among Sheriffs, or
their knavish subalterns, he exposes society to that
afilicting uncertainty, under which men have
fretted through life for so many ages. Nor will he
deserve praise if he disfigure the statute book by
an inefficient law ; for then he will do the same
mischief as PEEL, who being supposed by ignorant
or idle people to have done all that was wanted,
since that is the implied intention of every legisla-

tor, has forestalled others who, with sounder
views, may desire to render the system perfect.

The following is an extract of a letter received
this morning from a correspondent in Paris, whose
mean, of information are unusually good. We
give it as we receive it ; at the same time stating
that the confidence we place in the good faith of
our present ministers, does not admit us to doubt,
but that the apparent discrepancy which its state-
ment, if correct, involves, can be easily and honour-
ably explained :

" Not to charge with absolute falsehood the

statement which your Ministers have given, as to the
demolition of the Belgian fortresses, it is almost
impossible to avoid saying, that their memories have
proved strangely treacherous, since it was not un-
til their permission was obtained,, that the ex-
pressions on the demolition of the fortresses, and
neutrality of Belgium, were admitted into the
speech of the citizen King. They must recollect
very well, that upon this occasion the President of
the Council of French Ministers sent his eon—
M. CASIMIR PERI ER, junior, expressly
that he might verbally explain, that his fa-
ther and colleagues could not venture to
declare their assent to the nomination
of Prince LEOPOLD, unless they were permitted
to announce in the KING'S Speech, the demolition
of the fortresses and the neutrality of Belgium.
This decision was formed on the 7th July in a
council at Paris. On the Bth M. C. PERIER was
dispatched to London ; from the 10th to the 12th,
negociations on the subject took place between
M. TALLEYRANn and your Ministers, which ter-
minated in their admitting, that the:demand of the
French Government was well founded, and that
they felt themselves the more strengthened in that
result, from its having received the passive assent
of Prince LEOPOLD. It must be regretted that
your Ministers have committed themselves 'on a
point, which can so easily be rebutted by the Mi-
nisters of France."

The Dublin Morning Register of Tuesday says :
—" Notwithstanding the luminous and persuasive
address of Baron SMITH, the Grand Jury ignored
the bills for murder in the Castlepollard case !
Bills for manslaughter have been found against
Chief Constable BLAKE, and some of the Police
who acted under his orders. When our com-
munication was despatched yesterday (Monday) the
Clerk of the Crown was going through the panel,
preparatory to the trial of the accused." The Regis-
ter makes no mention of a rumour which prevails here
to-day, that a sanguinary conflict has taken place
at Newtownbarry, between the Yeomanry and the
people of that place ; in which, it is reported,
thirty-six of the Yeomanry were killed !—This
rumour is noticed by our City Correspondent, as
being current on 'Change.
This day, his Excellency, Monsieur SYLVAN
VAN DE WEYER, Envoy Extraordinary, and
Minister Plenipotentiary, from Belgium to the
British Court, accompanied by the Secretary of
Legation, Monsieur JEAN BAPTISTE WALLET,
transacted business at the Foreign Office in
Downing-street.

ROYAL EXCHANGE, ONE O'CLOCK.

Consols, which left off yesterday at 82R # for
the account, opened at 82i afterwards were done
at 82t, since which they hare receded to 821
and at present they are S2l
TWO O'CLOCK.

Consols have been fluctuating during the morn-
ing, from 82i down to 824, and are at present 82&
buyers for the Account.

THREE O'CLOCK.

Swocx Excnawcm.—Bank Stock, Three per CL
Red. 831 3. Three rer Cent. Consols, .821 11. Three
and • Half per Cent. 181 R. 91. Three ands Half per Cent.
Red. 901 16. Three and a Half per Cent. New,
906 6. Four per Cent. 1846, 991 1. Long Annuities,
Jan. 1360, Annuities, Oct. 1869, 176 1.16 3-16.
Annuities. Jan. 1860, India Stock, • do. Bonds,
B 1 3 prem. Old Annuities, £lOOO Exchequer
Bills, 13 16 15; £3OO do. 13 16 15 ; £lOO and 4200 do.
13 16 16. Consols for Account. 821 1.

There is a report in town from Dublin this
morning, of a sanguinary conflict between the yeo-
manry of Newtownbarry and the people of that
place, in which 36 of the yeomanry were killed.
Private advises from Paris bring accounts of the
first of the three days rejoicings having passed over
quietly ; and, according to all appearance, the other
two days will be the same.
The reported interference of Prussia to put down
the Poles still continues, and has had the effect of
lowering the funds this morning.
Accounts from Warsaw state, that the Munici-
pal Counsel has given notice to the inhabitants of
Warsaw, not to resist the requisition about to be
made for horses, which will take placo in a day or
two. The Polish army now occupy all the
country evacuated by the Russians on the other
side of the Vistula. The lines extend from Pul-
tusk to Wysezogrod ; and it was expected that in
the environs of the latter place a decisive battle
would take place. A report was in circulation that
two persons from Vienna and Berlin were expected
at Warsaw, who were to make important commu-
nications to the Government.

The Message? des Chanthres announces (from
authority) that the Conseil Superieur de Sante,
established in 1822, sits daily, and has done so
ever since the first appearance of the cholera in
Europe, to devise measures for protecting France
against the disease.
Roscommon ELLCTION.—It gives us the most
sincere pleasure to be able to state, that an honest,
able, and efficient reformer has been returned for
the county Roscommon, in the person of O'Conor
Don, who thus succeeds his patriotic father, in the
laborious duty of honestly and efficiently defending
the rights of his countrymen.—O'Conor Don was,
on Monday, proposed to the electors by Daniel
Kelly, Esq. of Cargins, and his nomination
seconded by Oliver D. Grace, Esq. of Mantua.
No one presumed to dispute the claim of O'Conor
Don upon the county, and he was unanimously
elected.—Monsimg Register.