Star.
London, England, 1801-02-03 00:00:00

nor nothing more; they were net to pledge theme
cdv,,, to any fp, eitic meafures ; the ce•_•s, of ail
Enpe woe upoit them, and he hoped, *that die
fitti vote of tb.:. United Parliament would coo-
-1 Ile: the world they had completely united
the R:. arch and vigour of the two countries. His
Loidti:ip then enured at confiderable length into
A detente Of 1:(:. condtha of the war; and obferved,
that fon% Noble Lords had asked whit:. advantage
had (nen derived by the extraordinary confidence
Is hich had been placed in him and his colkagues!
to wh'elt he might afk if it was no iinall advan-
tage that they were at this moment feting there,
end hill retained the poWer to debate ; and which 1
they would not have done had not the !ma-
in' eN propofed by his Ivlajefty's llittiftcrs for the
hill feven years been approved and adopted. This
was fbmc claim for a continuance of that con-
&knee, and which he flattered•himfelf would be
continued by their voting 'for the original addrefs.
The Earl of CAERYARVON explained.
Lord MllitA, in reply to the compliments paid
tin: by Lord, Suffolk, expretfcti his thtisfaEtion.at
his not having been employed in any military
command ; becaufe he was fare they had been
given to abler OtEeers than himfelf ; and as many
of the expeditions they had been employed in
failed, he confidered himfelf as having had a for-
tunate t (cape. His Lordthip then fupported the
Amendment, anti cenfured the conduct of Minifiers
rclativd to the whole of the butinefs which led to
the prefent difficulties.
Lord ,Nluscaays lupported the Addrefs, and
muintained that the rights which this country' af
fcrtcd, were neither more nor lets thaii what had,
been laid down as the Law.of Nati asjyould
le
Appear to any man who would read decifion
of that able and impai dal Judge (Sir m: Scott)
in the cafe of the Swedifh convoy.
Lord ELDON expreffed the fatisfaftion he felt at
hearing a name fo dear to him fpoken of in fuch
terms of praife, a man who had always decided
with an inflexibility not his own, but which bel
hinged to the Cubit& itfelf. The: queftion then
before the Houk was one of the greateft import
spec ; and was ftill more fo, from its involving
no Wa than the very exiaence of Great Britain as
a nation. He would wild that the Houle might
'iiew it in its true light. No man would deny, that
the veffcl of a Neutral nation, which &old attempt
tit carry contraband goods into the ports of one
espy(' belligerent nations, committed an aft of
.I..ilility againft the other beliiprent nation.
mu's was the Law of Nations, which was as old
mills. world itfelf, and which was founded, on the
peiociples •of jullice. The next quethon then '
vas, how far a !kip failing with a Convoy, had a
right to convey filch goods into an Enemy's port?
If a private fhip belonging to a Neutral nation
did fa, the ati of hoftility was generally minithed
by the confifeation of fhip and cargo. But
if la fhip carrying the flag of the Neutral nation
sifting under the immediate authority, of. its Go-
vernment, which it purported to rep:cleat, fhOuld
convey contraband goods in the fame _manner,
would any man prctend to juftify fuch an aft ? it
vas aloft clearly an at of hoftility, 'differing from
the former in this, that it was a decliration of war
on the part of the Government which it reprefant-
bd. But how was either of the Belligerent NA-.
tions to know whether the private fhip, or the
gip of war, were carrying on this unlawful com-
merce ? By no other means, except thole which
the law of nations allowed, namely, die liberty
to afk and examine whether they had any
fuch goods on board of them. It was there-
fore moft 'clearly a patt of the Law of Na-
tions, confirmed net only by reafon and jai:lice,
but by long ellahlithed ufage, that one Bellige-
rent Power had a right to examine any fl ‘p belonp.
ing to a Neutral nation, when found near an
enemy's port. This right be would not, as far as
Lis voice could prevail, ever Puffer Great Britain
to relinquill, even if no mifehief followed from
fuch
.abandonment. But how much more ftrenu.
eufly ought it to be preferved, when it was con.
fidered that the prefervation and oil:fence of the
country muff depend on fupporting it.
Lord HOLLAND rofc• to fupport die Amend-
ment. and entered into the general conduit of the
war. through the whole of which he cenfured. the
mcafures of his Majefty',* Muiflers, as baring
grofsly mifcalculated and failed in the °bias
they pretended to have had in view.
At twelve o'clock the Haute divided, when there
appeared for Lord Fithwilliam's Amendment—
Ayes 17—Noes 73.-:-Majority 57.
When the Houfe was about to adjourn, Lord
DAR'S t rElf gave notice of a motion onTriefiay the
,soth inttant, for an Enquiry into the State of the
Country.
NAMES OF THE PoOrORITY.
Date d Nark& Earl Carper

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Lctd Hamad.

ITOVSP OF COMMONS.

The SPFAKIa came to tbe Houk at two o'clock.
After (even! Members had been fworn, the
Sr:aker, atter.dcd by the Hoeft, proceeded to the
Thatfe ed. Peers at iy quarter before three in pur.
fu.toce of Lis Majehy's Command. Having re-
forted to die Houk, the fwearing of Members
cor.:iiiticd ftir o'cinck, when the Speaker
tca.t his M.,j,:ity's Speech.
W4TKIN WILLIAMs Writ's' then role. How-
ever unequal, he laid, he might be found to the
tall he was about to encounter. he. hoped he
faottld receive the indulgence of the Houle, and
twat they would confider the matter tither than
1. ma.-.ner. At the firamecting of the United
l'ar!inment. the Union na!ttrally forced itkif op-
en tl cu. attention. 'Ch: advantages, however,
of th.,t meafure were, l:.• t:irought, to obvious, that'
it would he frefiimptinr. in him to endeavour to
capatbut or enlarge opo!, them. He only hoped
that the utrnoil harmony and union would esti'
anumg the Members of the United Parliament.
and every; tt'y diffinuct of cpziosi being

torgotten, they tt u3l finite n, I.‘gillat•ag for the;
geneialgo'Od. With retisect ant tither' iiabjek'isi
mentioned in his Majeity!s Speech, lie fail thd
attack inadt upon the, perfons :Lk properly of
Britilli fithieels m Rol& was an unprovoked age:
Ilion, and a dileffind flagrant violation of the'.
'Treaty entered into by that I'ower with Britain,
by which it was exprefily Itiliolated that in the
ever.t of a rapture, time foutilii be given to re-
movethe perfons and property of the fuhjeds of
either Power from the territories of tile other—
The condua of Rolla, in conj:inaion with other
Northern Powers, was, lie ob:;:rved, an .nfr.ii;c-
ment of thole Maritime Laws of Europe winch
were founded upon acknow'.edged right, and
which we were called upon Ly every tie of na-
tional honour and independtoce to fupport and
defend. Adverting to the proceedings of the
Committee relative to the hick price of provi-
lions, he lamented their etlorts had not been luc-
ccfsful in reducing the eftravagant price of grain;
whiln at the fame time every praite, he laid,
ought to be given to the Committee for their ex-
ertions. The coadnel of the people likewife in
bearing, with the utmoil patience,,the greaten pri-
vations defereed the warmed applanie. To elk
for peace, he thought at the prefent moment,
would only expoit: the country td intuit from an
enemy, wino little at any time LClpoled to moder-
ation, was now lefs than ever inclined to abate
the fmallett particle of its pride, or the lean por-
tion of its ambition. He looked forward with
confidence to the ilfue of the prefent. content in
whichwe were cingatced, and did not doubt but
that it would be honoprable to Britain. He con-
cluded by moving an nddrcfs, which was of courie
an echo of theSpeecli.
Mr. Coax wa i.cis,'wfter hoping he ihoulci ex.
peris.nce the ufual candour and liberality of the
Houle, adverted to the fubjed of the Union.—
' He faid, when no Union with Scotland was in
contemplation, QLieen Ann was anxious it might
take ereft in her reign, and when completed, the
declared the 'coufidered it as the happieft event of
that reign.- How much greater then mull be the
'happinets of onr prefent molt gracious Sovereign
pt completing an Union uith Ireland, when all
the hopes of benefit which it had been foretold
would refult from the Union with Scotland had
been realized, andtwere not in this cafe held forth
as uncertain fpeculations, but as certain' nd happy
effeits which mull , inevitably refult from an
Utah with Ireland! Nor Was it, he faid, the
lean advantage retuning front that Union, that
the deliberations of thatlionfe would he ably and
• frequently Alined by Gentlemen of confiderable
talents and.parliamentary knowledge, and peillef-
fed of a very confiderable portion of information,
the n ore ufetal on account of its locality. He
doubted not, he faid, that the cordial co-operation
of the t is nt', the ability, and the information of
the United Kingdom, concentrated in one point,
and dil'eded to one objeet, the benefit of the
National Interefi, and the proteftion of the
National Honour—would render Britain trium-
phant over every danger, and extricate her from
every embarraffment. It would be prefuroption in
him to 'egpatiate upon the numerous and obvious
advanta* refulting from the Unionwith basalt
one, however, forcibly ftruck him, and he there-
fore could not help noticing it; he alluded to the
quantity of Waite Land Ireland.had hitherto con-
tained, which there would now be every ;atomise-
ment to cultivate, and from the produce of Which
it might be jitney hoped the country would be
lived from all further experice attendant as then
Itriportatioit of Corn,. as frith a meafure would
then become utineeelfary, and the money *pro-
plated to that purpok would ferve to =irk the
United Kingdom, iniftead of *turning thehalanct
of trade 2g:unit it. He (aid, he thought it wild
ill becyme him, pore fed of fo little experience, to
expatiate upon the content in which the country
was at prefent:fged With the Northern Powers,
but lie would e, that every thing dear to us
was involved ip an independent commerce, which
could only ,be preferred by, a naval fuperiority.
With refpeek to, thcfubjeit of Peace, he conceived
that every effort had been made to obtain that
defirabLz bleiling continent with the national ho-
nour, but they'had been invariably difappointed
by the gigantic ambition of France; he milked,
therefore, the canon would .he continued until
the fame. cook ceafed to operate, and Peace could',
be oblamed upowe. urnashonoural;li to the country..
He concluded I>yt feconding the Address
Mr. Getio—s*Whatever, Sir; were the doubts
mud apprehentionkwhich cxifled in my mind re-'
hove Xo the fuhjelts now before us, they hive.
catainly not-keen removed:by the leeches of the:
. Hon. hlover and Seconder of the drefs. But
if I cannot agree with their opinions, Rill lefs can
content to repofe from year to year a confidence'
in thole men who from year to year have covered
'the country with defeat, difititer, and difgrace.
It Teemed to be the with of the Hon. Mover and
Seconder of the Addrefs, that no fubjeft fliould be'
introduced, except thole it is immediately our,
bulinefs to difcufs ; but fureiy. whilft their fpeeches'
,were nearly filled with panegyrics on the Union
with Ireland, I am not to be precluded (rum ex-
peening:my difapprobation. lam the more anxi-
ous to do this, left my filence ihould be conitrued
into a confeilion of former error, and an acknow-
ledgment p 1 the neceflity and expediency of the
tnealure—Ten it Ibould be thought I retrained my
former opinion upon the ilibjea, from a coavic
tion of the utility of the meaftire, and the be-
nefits refulting. from its operation. Far from
doing this, I lola/ally declare znyfelf hill com-
pletely hone to that Union--Iwilile **every Uni-
on between the two countries, except that founded
upon thiTineiples contained in the Settlement of
178 e. e were told when this mature was
brought forward, it was nccviiary to preferve the
independance of Ireland; rather .should it he
known.io ,he cited of that. niii-chievouspolicy a hich
chained and fettered the snit pendance of
.lisland,
and endeavoured to &Amy it by a fyltem of revere
coercion. 'lf it was intended to preferve or to
procure the independance nt Ireland, why not
re-
verse that fritiin ofcoercion, snd repeal thole revere
laws which yet &till and opprefs di: inhabitants of
that teurstry ? The quiet ut Lelaod, it t: as al.

, • .
iejAdd • w,„11,1 411 ri ;I.th."Fraeat•
i., it nin (01 heat let:laud
.14 quiet, ;il,l the ItEb.elholoqueiol iictlite the
"wynem nas propoled ? If' any Obit etfett, ;hew:
telt; It 1; om meaftirc fo hrinightfoiaiardi
and To fupport,i, I hope it wilitti the cittenthin of
the Blitith Coailitation to the Catholics of-Ire
land, and their reltoration to all the rights of Be,-
fubjeets ; that, together with a repeal of thole
fever,: laws enafted to opprefs the Irilh Nation, will
be the leaft they can expect to refult trim" a mea-
fure which has been forced upon. them by Eng.
land. Thus far I have been induced to proceed
upon the fubjeift of the Ur.ion, that my opinions
may not be mithnderltood ter niiireprefented. His
Nlajelly's Speech places in the lathe point of view
the conduit of Riiffia and the other Northern
Powers. In my opinion, they nre totally difthiet.
The Emperor of Raffia in detaining Britifh
fub-
jefts and Britifh property has certainly committed
a direct violation of his Treaty with this country,
but has he or not had fulficient reafon in the
conduit of his Majefly's Minifiers refuting to fur-
render Malta to his demand ? Would he thus hive
claimed that Manzi, if Tome exprefs Convention
had not previoufly exifted between his Majello's
Minifters and that Monarch relative to the rabid?
ri appears by his Manifeho, that his claim was
founded upon fomc inftrament of this kind, and
tho Ugh he has acted with the ambit violence and
injultice, I cannot content to throw• all the blame
upon the Emperor of 'Botha, until it is afeertained
how far his Majetly's Minifters gave him a; reafon
for his costludl. Admitting, howeter, that his
Ma jell l'ilinifiers were right in not acceding to
hii demand, thus peremptorily afferted, would it
' not have been the heft policy for this country to
have yielded Malta to Rollia ? By thus admitting
a new naval power, pollefed of ga eat strength and
conliderable refources; into the Meditcrraunean,
we !Tumid have been able to counterbalance the
increafi.d.poWer of France, whillt*Ruffia would at
all events have been fecured*as a friend, and we
Iliould not now have to combat all the Powers
of Europe united. If.his Majefty's fore-
faw a probability of a rupture with the Emperor,
as the event' of their re6fal to &fist up Malta,
they ought rather to have conceded than incur the
rideof his • inveterate • enmity. • With SWeden and
Denmark, the cafe is widely different; they have
ligued a Convention of Armed Neutrality upon
principles which it is contended by the Hon. Mover
and Seconder of the motion, are a draft violation
of the ellablifhed Maritime Law of Europe. In
the courfe of whatlittle examination I have been
able to give to this I harelOoked into thole
Authors who exprefsly treat of the Law of Na-
tions, and alto into many of tliesTpeaties of Eu-
rope ; and fo far from difeovering. any . fuck
law, I find die diral contrary principle was
often acted upon- in the courfe of the laft
century.—ln the year 17.4,0, the' King of
Prullla exprefily declared that free bottoms made
free goods. The fame principle was ailed upon by
the Dutch in 1762. Let it be however admitted,
that the Convention lately figned by the Northern
Powers is in exprefs contaadietion to the public
Maritime Law. of Europe let the rights of Eng-
land be adniitted in their fullest extent—does it
follow that pofttive rights ought at all times to be
afferted and may not cireumftinees ante which
. may render it unfafe to alien Or to maintain them ?
Will it not flimetitnes be found that a temporary
facrifice of national dignity, and a temporary
abandonment of rights, is the moll found and en-
lightened policy. It was Sid by an enlightened
Mather of this Honfe (Mr. For) a Never pulite
a profitable wrong or Oft on an unprofitabie
right-t'.' and before we arert pofitive and uncut.
li&.d rights, let us cos whether the advantages
refultingfrinn their temporary facrifioe will not '
greatly
overbalance all we can derive fronsimendea.
vowing. to issaintain their. Ido not 119, that it is
prope• in this cafe to make any fiscn&e of qur
rash% I ark only for enquiry--1 ark the Houte to
peaches:is they determine—l ark them to weigh
well the value of the rights We affert—to compare
the difadvantages of aliening them with the ad•.
vantages of yielding them for a temporary put-
pole. We owe this invelligation to other l'owers;
we owe it to our Conilituents, whore blood anti'
creature itiukhe fpent in the prorceution afa war,
oltight to .know a war is ornmenced,
Nit it it maintained for an *ea .ivort/t the eisi
pence .of the conceit. it is ale, titat of the
principle Minnie d by the NoithernPowers remains
uueontelled, Fiance Will by farniffied •by thole
• Powers with the means of recruiting her Navy, .•
ancilitecifsfully catryinton the war againltnthis
' But how can this be the cale,whilft our
naval 'fuperitnity exits in all its triumphant 'force ?
In the Convention of Armed Neutrality Concluded
at the cicife of the American war, though it was
contended that *neutral Ships ought to have free
ingrels into the ports of all Powers, and that free
bottoms made free goods, 'yet it was admitted that
• they ought, ot to enter into parts blockaded,—
. (Mr. Pitt =roll the Table diffented from this.)—
Sir, I.contend that neutral vitals were by that
Coneention.prohibited from entering ports block.
aded, and the definition of a port blockaded was
held to be this, that it thould be. to deemed when
the port *as fo blocked'', 'by (hips of war that a
trading veffel could not enter without manila
danger. How then,l.afk, are any (*oceans s to the
French natty to •be derived fnam the Northern
Powers, Alien our fleets are fufficiently numerous
and triumphant to' block up the principal ports of
France, and 'prevent the aseefs of this aid? But
even fit ;poling that the Northern Powers have free
aceefs to the French ports with all the naval fibres
neicliary'for the pupae& regenerating the navy
of France, Yet this will not &rah her with Sea-
men, nor will it 'create experienced Officers. Her
Navy coned not be regenerated in a day, nor in a
month, nor in a year. Whilft her Navy is creat-
ing anew lite will hdb at many flips as The builds,
and after all the will not have a Navy able in
in any, way to dellroy the fuperiorit yof Eng-
land. But what_ judgment. am Ito fain of the
policy of thole Miuifters who have cut off from
England that limply of naval hares frith which
the Northern. Powers alone are competent to cup.
ply us, and which are ibtolately =crag to ca.`

;>

Ilk ..he. continuance or L 1..:, nevai fir... • ,
Itnelt Lilo lubWt. 01 ow- b.)::!:, and no::
very exidence of Britaia depLwiß ? I!) '..';'6...:
dohs their policy appear in another point oi' is: :•,.'
Thtl CommittLe who fat haft Seftion rela:a •.,
the-High Price of Provifions, recommended r;._
importation of grain as a principal means of :W.A;
sting the--extremepteffure offcarcity. A •:rva;
part of the fupply to he obtained in this wil Y' e,,t
to be expeeted through the niclium of the 8a1.i,.,
when his Majefty's Mihifters contrived to cut i il
the t xpeeted fupply; by caufing the Baltic to ix
llauta,ninft as. I contend that this difpitte ri:e
theishirtherif Powersmfght have been avoichci.:
If his Mayfly's Minifters had forefeen the c,,,,,.;..
ouences • of ' their • meafures relative to ten:::
ewers, they might have ptevented them ; and t•
they did not fdrefee them, they. are incapabh• of
filling 'the fituations they hold. The prix.-,pie..
upon which the Northern Powers at prcfent ad
was exprcfsly acknowledged by England in ti
former
Oerpepiconocmfidoetniffiidoicnbtetye2Vdt+higaciaoiirure: ss,
year 1780, towards the -conclufion of the Ainer.-
ean War, when the Convention of Armed Neu-
trality'Was formed.' The Adminittration of that
and day
vigilant.v, l 1 s u p ufil aard, andth e
fot h
ror, the latter would have immediately detetied
and expofed it. °tithe contrary, when thet M-
I inpoirawiintrts,atterelattireterd'haanddntvoeret been
before they confirmed the act of their predc-
ceffors relative to the Armed ' Neutrality, by (4.,
firing Holland a• participation of its ac;i:ra,,Yes.
It has been acknowledged' by England, if I -;:tu
not miftiken, during the'prefent war, by a Trca-
ty.with Mara in t 793, whieh,eonfirmed a Treaty
made bAtviein the fame Power% in 1766, which
alto confirmed a Treaty of a 4/niter nature made
in 1714, by which the trading each of Raffia
were'allbsted frce ingrefs into the ports of an ene-
rgy uolefs they carried goods contraband of war,
which, it is to be remarked, will only include
warlike ftore4 and . not theta fibres necefiary for
equipping a Navy. After thcfe expreti acknow-
ledgrnenu on the part of this country, his Ma.
jelly's Minarets may fairly be arraigned of mit.
condo t in proceedin to the length which they
have done in the: ifpyte with the Northern
la
Powers. If the con ', of knffia was too une-
quivocartO aihnit of any other than hoftile inter-
pretation andrepiifal, that of Sweden and Deaf
,mark is totally different. It the unwarrantable
detention of Brit& fitbjeCts and property in
Rullia forms a complete jollification for a fimilar
conduft in Britain the Armed Neutrality of
Sweden and Denmak•certainly does not warrant
that hottility on our part which we difplity to-
ward's Ruffle : Sweden sod Denmark have merely
aliened a right which they claim, and determine
to Support it by force of arms, if neceilltry. Did
this Armed Neutrality deferve the detention of
Denith and Sandals property on our part, which
is a clear and decided ad of hoftility ? And wliv
was not Praffiasincluded in this aft rf healthy?
Minifters affeet to believe that Ptnlfia is hill the
friend of Britain ; but has he not declared as the
bafis of his own condua, the very principle of the
Armed Neutrality, that free bottoms make fr:e
goods ? His Courts of Admiralty have frequ,at-
ry decided and eltablithed it-during the pretest
war. How then are we to account for the eon.-
duet of his Majefty's Minifters in not includini
Profile in the hoftility which they wage wink
the Armed Neutrality ?' It is a profligate and un-
principled policy—they will not attack Pruffia
becaufe he is (prong, but they will attack Sweden
and Denmark, becaufe they are weak. Is this
the true policy of a' great State t Does it not.
Phew rather the tricking Politician than the found
and enlightened Statefman ? Ido not attempt to
Controvert the alfertions of his Majefty's Speech
upon this fitbjelit,. I only alb for enquiry, and the
amendment I am about to move will bear upon
this. When I fee this-country without a frionl.
ly port where her (hips may feel for limiter
from the dorm, from Archangel to the Tagus.
, and fi-om the Tagus to Venice—for Naples I
ponfider as ahead), conquered—acid Pottugal
and Turkey will loon either become Allies
or ViEllrns to our Enemy—When :at the be.
ginning of the War I fie an univerfal joaloufy and
dttellition amongltthe Powers of Europe aga:.ilt
France, and,when now I fee that jealottfy and de.
tettatieni
.eitfiverfally turned agatfift Erreanl, I
have a right to all for enquiry—that we may
..p)knfe before:sire grant another fupply, and another
portidn of confidence to thofe Minithers to where
..lIC mush bat been granted year after year, and
ifeosu whom nothing has refulted, year after year.
but defeat and clifgrace--,-who after this continued
fceni of defeat And ditgrace have the audacity to
'tell nc this • is the molt fuccefsful War in which
this country was ever engaged. We may add to
stir territories, and increafe our acquifitions—we
may 'gain pofeffion of the Dana Colonies—we
may perhaps add to them South America—until
we (hall be overwhelmed by our conquelts, and
fall, erupted by their weight. I with, Sir, to fay
a-few words upon the other topics of his Majefty's
Speech, before I fit down. We are told that his
Majefty is ready to make peace with the enemy
whenever they will Mien to terms confiftent with
the honour and fafety of Britain. How long than_
we be told this, and when will the period arrive ?
Wherithe allied armies were triumphant, when
they threatened to p:-nctrate into the heart el
France and annihilate it as an independent State,
it was not then the time for peace—France malt
be (till further humbled. When this temporary
, fuccefs bad vanithed, and when at length another
gleam Role acrofs the gluermrhorizon, an der
to treat for a feparate Peace was Made by Bona-
parte but politively, rejefted by his Majefty's
Mittificts. Auflria at length fbnnd an abfbhtte
neeelfity of making peace, and had -already con-
tented to terms, when Mc was perfttaded by Eng-
land to renew the war, to which advice in an eva
hour the agreed, Contrary to the opinion of her
IA StatelMen arid Genera/I. What was the con.
&goatee i Defection reigned among _the troops,
and ditiontem among the people. The Hung 2.
',fan Ltvies proved atinftintaitsn, and the Prof.
Ilan tredps were recruited by Marian &cfaters.
..Marla War tsductd to a Ottottion to vbech oaf