Star.
London, England, 1831-06-24 00:00:00

a temerarious Churchman who would seize for I 'earthquake at Lisbon, or the cholera morbus in
Tithe, and attempt to sell. Even lately none i Russia.
would buy, and this tragedy will confirm what
hitherto had been but a loose convention. Tithes
will, therefore, smell of blood, and the Irish Church
will feel itself under no obligation to Messrs.
M'CLINTOCK and GRA II Am. This state of things
must, however, force the attention of Government,
in spite of itself, to the state of the Irish Clergy ;
and some provision must now be made for the Irish
Church, which does not require the aid of such
persons as GRAHAM and his armed men to assist
in the collection.

To-day the Reform Bill is to be brought again
before the House of Commons—fixed in its main
principles, but improved in some of its details.
1 Its object is to free us from the sinister influence
which has entailed such complicated miseries on
the mass of the people.
At the same time, it is perversely or mistakenly
asserted, that the past system has been productive
of unparralled glory and prosperity. Thus we have
seen, towns increase in size, houses enlarged and
beautified, luxury abound, improvements proceed,
and all the machinery of social perfection ex-
tended on all hands, by which architects, builders,
and civil engineers, acquire constant employment
and wealth. How is all this to be reconciled
with growing discontent, domestic anxieties, and
general misery—such that nine men in every
ten would declare that they live as on a broiling
gridiron ?
The cause of the first condition is debt—
universal debt, and borrowing for every purpose ;
by which there is splendour without stability,
and almost without object or prospect; and then
the cause of the second condition is the payment
of the interest of all these debts, which operate
as mortgages on the industry and enterprizes of the
whole community. That is the clues of the die-;
play called public prosperity—and this the cause of
the simultaneous private misery. The country is
like a man, who, having 20,0001. per annum,
enables himself, by mortgaging, to spend 50,0001.
His external splendour astonishes all his friends
and the bye-standers; but he is laying up a store of
personal misery in his struggles to pay the.interest.
We hear of a new Canal, and, on looking at it,
we infer the prosperity of the country ; but, on
inquiry, we find that its managers are in debt
for every shilling of its cost, and that they have
all its proceeds to pay in interest, and never con-
template easing the imposts by redeeming the
principle. We see a new road, or an improved
old road, and we shall, upon inquiry, find that its
constructors borrowed the money, and that its pro-
duce is mortgaged to numerous creditors. We
admire a superb street, just finishing, and suppose
that the builder had superfluous capital; but on in-
vestigation we shall find, that not only is every
house mortgaged, but even that the ground rent,
and every story, as they proceeded, were put under
separate mortgages, the interests of which are to be
paid out of the rentals. And it is exactly so
with every thing:—if a parish build a work-
house, the money is borrowed, and a bur-
then of interest created on the future retel—
-1
Iso if an hospital be raised, a large portion
of the cost is borrowed as a mortgage on the le-
gacies and subscriptions. If, again, a bridge is
to be built, the whole of the cost is borrowed, and
the interest becomes a public impost in the shape
of Tolls. Then our close corporations, and in
fact all corporations—have almost, without excep-
tion, pursued the same spendthrift practices ; and
either for parade, for electioneering objects, or for
public buildings, have mortgaged either their es-
tates or their dues and revenues, derived from public
industry, so as for the most part to have little or
no net income remaining.

Then as to the nation, it has mortgaged every
thing to carry on wars for no public object ; and in
return has incidentally acquired Malta, the Cape,
the Mauritius, Ceylon, Demerara, and Trinidad—
Colonies which are an annual cost, which were not
needed, and which, at best, are not worth £1 pa
cent. of the 2,000 millions expended in acquiring
them ! Aye, but we have also gained victories and
glory, true ; but blood shed without necessity,
and glory without justice, are sorry returns for a
permanent mortgage of 30 millions on the estates
and industry of the nation.

This, then, is the system—the ways, means, and
results of which, the Boroughmongers and their
partizans make a boast. It would be hard if the
Three Millions of our Road Debts did not afford us
Roads for which we still have the interest to pay—
if we had not our Canals for our Twenty Millions
of Canal Debts—our Parish Buildings, &c. for our
One Hundred and Fifty Millions of Parish Debts—
our Bridges for our Thirty Millions of Bridge
Debts—our Hospitals for our Three or Four Million
of engagements on them, &c. &c. to a gross
amount, equal, perhaps, to the Public Debt itself.
To debt and borrowing, therefore, are we obliged
for all these glories of the country, and not for one
iota to the Boroughmongers.

The effect has been the creation of a *warm of
locusts,called money lenders, money scriveners, and
jobbers in money, wbo fatten on the toils of the
people, and whose idleness and luxury have to be
supported by imposts, dues, and assessments in
every form. No doubt, at the same time, the public
debt itself, by the facility of transfer, has promoted
all this local and collateral money jobbing ; but to
this joint operation is to be ascribed all the result-
ing improvements which surround us ; and they are
not effects of the borough system, more than of the

The discussions in the two Houses last night
were somewhat more to the purpose ; but cer-
tainly not in complete accordance with public
expectation ; and the 150 new Members are still
silent, a circumstance which will surprise many of
their zealous constituents, as much as the public
at large. Never did a country stand more in need
of originality, and we fear it is fated to be disap-
pointed, although the exertions and sacrifices of
electors deserved a more splendid result.
Lord W ARNCLI /FE gave notice of a bill
against the vile Truck System ; and Lord TEYN-
HAM announced a proposed amendment of the mode
of choosing overseers of the poor. Such laws,
•
properly conceived, will do far more good than
slaughter, in allaying the discontents of the people.
Lord PLIIN it err complained of some obeerva-
tions made by Sir R. BATESON in the House of
Commons, charging him with having used his in-
fluence, as Lord Chancellor of Ireland, during the
late elections; and be proposes to bring it forward
to-day as against the newspaper publication. Lord
LONDONDERRY explained for Sir R. BATESON.
The Bishop of BATH and WELLS presented and
supported a petition against the new beer-houses,
in which Lord MALMSBURY concurred. But Lord
MELBOURNE thought the evils had been exagge-
rated; and Lord 're Y II A AI, with his usual libe-
rality, said, that the malt and hop duties should be
remitted, so that poor people might brew at home.
The Marquis of SALILBVRY asserted that the
brewers were monopolizing even the new beer-
houses; and Lord KI NO subdivided the evils be-
tween those in towns, and those in the country.
The excess of the population under the certifi-
cates of the existing system of large farms, led
Lord WI I.: clinsew to enquire what measures
Government intended to adopt for the relief of the
country. Lord Got) E RICII in reply, said Govern.
meat intended to support the system, by bringing
in a Bill to promote the emigration of those who
could not live under it. But Lord WINCHILSEA,
whose attention to these subjects merits high praise,
said his object was to increase payment in the
winter months.

Lord SUFFIELD corrected Lord GODERICH,
and said he believed that Government intended
something further than their emigration scheme.
The Marquis of SALISBURY doubted Government,
and therefore should propose the revival of the Poor
Committee. Lord MELBOURNE avowed that Mi-
nisters had no plan, but to reduce the population by
emigration. The LORD CHANCELLOR made a
great variety of professions, and spoke of his deep
studies on the subject—deplored the necessity
(which be assumed) of sending our best sons out
of the country, and ended by stating, that some
plan or discovery of his would be brought forward
probably the next session of Parliament.
Lord WINCHILSEA then gave notice of a bill
which he should forthwith bring in, to provide em-
ployment for the unemployed poor; but whether it
is relative to the restoration and increase of farms,
or not, did not transpire.
Lord WYNFORD announced his determination to
re-produce his defunct bill, which in the last Ses-
sions bad passed through that house.

Lord &MURTON claimed for Ireland immediate
and not remote measures—instant relief and not
political economy.
In the House of Commons Lord MANDEVILLE
presented petitions against the Catholic College
of Maynooth, to which the evils of Ireland is at-
tributable—a position which Mr. O'Cox ar.s hap-
pily ridiculed.
Mr. HUNT called the attention of the House to
the massacre at Newtonbarry, and said, that such
deeds, Special Commissions, Prosecutions, and the
Gallows, would not stand, instead of Irish Poor
Laws.

Mr. MAXWELL, SOD of Lord FARNHAM, to
whom GRAHAM is Steward, described M'Culi-
TOCK. as an extremely humane and excellent
man ; and Captain GRAHAM, the Magistrate,
as a gallant, honourable, and humane man ;
but he asserted that the people had first fired
on the Yeomanry, killed one and wounded others !
These assertions called up Lord MILTON, who
said be had been at the place but the day be-
fore, and that he had since received information
of a very different character—the people having
no arms, and their firing consisting merely in
throwing some stones. Whatever, too, might be
the character of the Rector, he did not live in har-
mony with his parishioners.
Mr. LEADER concurred with Lord MILTON in
deprecating ex parte statements, and thought that
as it was said to be a composition parish, all had
not been right and fair. Mr. LEFROT (Member
for Drogheda) defended M'Clintock against the
inference of Mr. LEADER. Mr. LAMBERT said he
lived in the county, and from his knowledge of
the peasantry, he did not imagine that any thing
had been done in this instance by them to
warrant what bad taken place. He must say, that
he thought there appeared a disposition in certain
persons to bring on a rebellion iu Ireland ; but he
said the age of rebellion was gone by, and the age
of revolution was come ; and he feared that resist-
ance might be considered a duty.
Mr. GILIITTAIN stated, that in canvassing Wick-
low, he had beard complaints of the parties con-
cerned in this transaction ; and he considered it
wrong to call out the yeomanry, men selected
from party motives, and generally obnoxious.—
Mr. O'Cox N ILL stated that he bad learnt that Mr.

Greene, a King's Counsel, had been sent by the
T.ord-Lieutenant to enquire on the spot. But it may
be asked out of the House, why was not an Ad-
dress moved to the King, to send Commissions of
Enquiry to Castlepollard, Merthyr Tydvil, and
Newtown Barry. The circumstances demand some
extra-official measure.

A discussion then arose relative to the improper
erection of King's College ; the new street from
the Strand-bridge to the North, &c. &c.
Lord NtrcEarr brought in a bill to substitute
declarations for oaths in the customs and excise.

Lord MILTON gave notice of his intention to
move for a revision of the Corn Laws.

Mr. HUNT presented a petition from Preston,
claiming exemption from the 101. clause in the
bill ; and another from Somersetshire in favour of
the bill, and then entered into some personal history,
relative to his reception at both places.
Alderman WA rrizmAs deprecated these vindi-
cations of himself by Mr. HUNT ; and stated, that
during a speech of only 12 minutes, he had re•
pealed the personal pronoun I, no less than 75
times.

COL EVANS lamented that his being sent for to
bis own town prevented his throwing out Mr.
HUNT, and thought that by doing so, he would
have rendered the country a service.

ROYAL EXCHANGE, ONE O'CLOCK.
Consols, which left off yesterday 82 a a for the
Account, opened at 821, afterwards were done at
82 a, and at present are 82
TWO O'CLOCK.

Consols have been fluctuating from 82 for
the account down to 821 i, at present they are
82ii. The market has been heavy the whole of
the morning, owing to some sales of money stock
by one of the Insurance Offices._ _

THREE O'CLOCK.
STOCK Excmixot.—Bank Stock. Three per Cent.
Red. 811 1 II Three er Cent. Cons. shut. Three and
a Halt per Cent. 1810, 891. Three and a Half par Cs.
Red. 89* j. Three and • Half per Cent. New, shut.
Four per Cent. 1826, 98j. Long Annuities, Jan. 1960,
161. Annuities, Oct. 1869, India Stock, —; ditto
Bonds, I prem. £lOOO Exchequer Bills, 10; £5OO ditto,
10 11 ; £lOO and £2OO ditto. 11 12; Advertised,
Consols for Acct, 81

It is reported this morning, that the Belgian
Deputies, who were going tc. leave to-morrow for
Brussella, have received some fresh instructions,
which will delay them.
Letters have been received from Pernambuco to
the Bth May. They were informed of the Revolu-
tion at Rio; but all remained tranquil at Pernam•
buco ou the above date.

We are informed that a letter is in town from
Berlin, which brings a report that Count Paske-
wit:, the new commander of the Russian armies in
Poland, had gone over to the Poles—he is a Pole
by birth ; but we are afraid that t is flees is W)
good to be true, and we must wait for further in-
formation, before we can give it credit.
There has been some excitement this morning in
the City, caused by an announcement that Govern-
ment are going to take up two thousand tons of
shipping for transports : the public, not knowing
the cause, thought that they were for conveying
troops on the same expedition ; but on its being
ascertained that the transports are for the Quaran-
tine service, the excitement ceased.

THE NEWTOWNBARRY MASSACRE.

We placed before our readers yesterday, the ful-
lest details of the horrible transaction at Newtown-
barry ; but pending the inquest upon the bodies of
the unfortunate victims, says the Morning Regis-
ter, we think it advisable to refrain from comment
upon the conduct of the parties most seriously im-
plicated. It appears that Mr. Greene, K.C. has
been despatched by the Government to attend the
inquest, and to make a strict inquiry into all the
[ circumstances that led to, end were attendant upon,
this dreadful massacre. We earnestly hope that
Mr. Greene will be able to lay a full, fair, and im-
partial report before the Lord Lieutenant. The fol-
lowing is from the Evening Post :
If this be the way in which the mlnis:ers of the Este-
blished Church collect their revenues, it becomes a question
whether parliament should not interfere. The first duty of
government is to see that the State receives no injury—ue
quidelefriasersli—but the State receives a deep injury in its
character and security, by the indiscriminate slaughter of
the people. Granting, which we may, that the mob were
riotous, it is still a question whether they should be immo-
lated by wholesale. Again, granting, which we must, that
the person has a right to his tithe, it will become a question
whether that right is to be enforced at the point of the
sword. Which of our readers does not remember the battle
of Scullabogue, in the county of Cork ? In this case the in-
cumbent endeavoured to make his distress at the bead of a
body of police. There was a regular engagement, and se-
veral were killed and wounded. We forget whether Mr.
Merritt (we believe that was the man's name) sueveded
—but we remember very well that be was ultimately
obliged to leave the country, and that a cry of horror and in.
dignatlon was raised through the whole empire at hiscooduct.
What may be the ultimate destinyof the Rev. Mr. Wain.
took, we shall not pretend to conjecture. He may remain at
his rectory or vicarage, or whatever it be, and enjoy, if he
can, the reflection, that gathering his tithe to the value of a
pound or two sterling, has cost the lives of a some of human
creatures. But surely this Is not a point that ought to be
left to the reflection of the rev. gentleman. Let him have
his own by all means. But let not the King's subjects be
slaughtered. in order that be should enjoy his bottle under
the shade of his own fig-tree. Let the Tabs Composition
Act, until some other method k adopted, be made compul-
sory. But we dismiss this part of the subject for the present.
The second point to which the public mind will be
called is the conduct of the police. They, it appears, did
not act, though present at the scene—and though otdered
to fire, refused to obey. Bow is this 2 The police are
under the orders of the magistrate. Was there a magis-
trate present' Is Graham a magistrate? We suppose,
as Lord Farnham's agent, and Captain of a Yeomanry corps,
he has the commission of the peace. Well then, why did
the police disobey him ? Was Me Riot Act read t There
is Inot the slightest mention of such • fast in any of the
letters which have reached us.

But there is a third question, the most material of all in
this cruel transaction. Was U really a yeomanry corps
Mal commused the slaughter $ Are there such corps knows.
to As law a% the Ennisconhy and Newtownbstry corps ?
If these or either of these corps be on permanent duty, we
then acknowledge their legal existence. If they are not
on permanent duty, they art not yeomen. They have no
local habitation, although a name. They are no more in
existence than the County of Wexford regiment of mi-
litia. They can be only called into CINWICS by a pro-
clamatiom of the Lord Lieutenant. Has the Marquis
of Anglesey issued such proclamation ? We are not
aware that his Excellency has bad recourse to any such mea-
sure. Well, then, if they were not a yeomanry corps, what
were they ? What authority had Captain Graham to call
out a number of men with red coats, and to put deadly
weapons in their bands ? They were not the posse aunt.
tams of the county. No one can call out &a but the High
SherK and that officer does not appear to hare thought it
beeeseary to do so, for the purpose of collecting the Rev.
Mr. M'Clintock's tithes. Why were them men asomensblel
at all without the King's command, or that of his Ma.