Star.
London, England, 1824-12-08 00:00:00

PRICE SEVEN PENCE. •

oh; Coppard, sen. Lower Mitcham, drahringer;tiecensber 11
18, and .I.inuary 18, at eleven, at the Court of Commissionmasor
Bankrupts, BasinghaU-street. Attorney, Mr. Gregson, LinctlinS

Inn-fielas
. -
.
Thomas Wagstaff, Bristol, whariinger, December 16, 17, and-Ja-
nuary 18, at eleven, at the Commercial Rooms, Bristol. Arta-
nies, hieura.Rosser, Bartlett's.huildings ; or Mr. Lan.gleyißrivtad,
Thomas Morris, late of . Oswestry, Salop, mercer, December_2l,
22, and January 18, at eleven, at the Wynnstay Arms Inn, 0,,,
... . ..

. . . .
westry. Attornies, Messrs. Min.hall and Sobir., Ossvestry ;
or Mr. John, Palv ' rave-place Temple-bar. -
Robert Grintw(xxl, Rochester, draper, December 11, 18, and Ja-
nuary 18, at twelve, at the Court of Commissioners of Bankrupts,
Basingh ill-street. Attornies, Messrs. Gates ma biardwick,

Cateaton-street.
William Garner, Margate, bookseller, December 11 sad IS, at ten,
and January 18, at twelve, at the Court of Commissioners of
Bankrupts, Basinghall-street. Attornies, Messrs. Sheppard and

Co. Cloak-lane.
Lomas Hudson, Whitehaven, mercer, December 17, 18, and Ja:-

nuary 18, at three, at the Black Lion Inn, Whitithaven. Actor-
flies, Mr. Clennell, Staples Inn ; or Mews. Adamson, Whitehaven.
James Richards, Wolverhampton, miller, December 27, at low.
28, and January 18, at eleven, at the Union Inn, Birmingham.
Attornies, Mr. Wood, Wolverhampton ; or Messrs. Williams
and White, 01d-buildings, Lincoln's Inn.
DIVIDENDS to be made in BA SING HA Li-s Tit Err.

Dec. 11, G. H. Browne, John-stteet. Bedford-row, scrivener',
at twelve. Dec. '2B, C. Mayor, late of Somerset-street, Portman-
square, carpenter, at twelve. Dec. 14, W. Sandison, Cork-street,
Burlington-gardens, tailJr, at twelve. Dec. 28. li. Sharp's% Davies-
street, Berkeley square, dealer in china, at twelve. Dec. 112 C. C.
Becher, Lothbury, merchant, at twelve. Jan. 18, R. Iloulden, St.
Margaret's Hill, Southwark, linen-draper, at ten.
DIVIDENDS to be made in the COUNTRY.

Dec.2B, H. L. Holland, lite of Birmingham, builder, at eleven,
at the Albion Hotel, Birmingham. Dec. 29. W. Linsley, Ando-
ver, builder' at eleven, at the White hart Inn, Andover. Dec.
29, J. Cookson Leeds, woollen-cloth-manufacturer, at ten, at the
Court.house, Leeds. ec. Si, R. Whiteside, H. Fisher, and T.
llastie, Whitehaven, merchants, at eleven, at the house of Mr.
Jackson, Whitehaven. Dec. 28, L. Squire, Ritith, Huntingdon-
shire, tanner, at twelve, at the Crown Inn, St. Ives. Dec. 30, J.
Peers, Liverpool, merchant, at one, at the Star and Garter Tavern,
Liverpool. Jan. 4, R. Lovegrove, Arborfield, farmer, at eleven,
at the Bear Inn, Reading.

CERTIFICATES—Dm. 28.
E. BUS!, late of Gray's Inn, money-scrivener. T. Brimelovr,
Ashton-within-Mackerfield, Lancashire, fustian-manufacturer. T.
B. Pim, Ewick, Devon, paper•maker.

DISSOLUTIONS OF PARTNERSHIPS.

Young and Co. Sculcoates, Yorkshire, surgeons. Gillian and
Co. Oldham, cotton-spinners. Reed and Co. Newcastle-upon-Tyne,
wharfingers. Charles and Coleman, Canterbury, accountant.-.-
R. and I'. Roo, Horsforth, Yorkshire, stone-masons. Walton and
Taylor, Fenchurch-street, cabinet-makers. Clark and Long, Knot-
tingley, Yorkshire, surgeons. M'Cleyerty and Hopkins, Lees,
Lancashire, cotton-spinners. Nightingale and Austin, onduit-
street, tailors. Williams and Noble, Neston, Cheshire, Strange'.
Oakes and White, Tydslay-Bank, Lancashire, machine• makers.—
Cook and Bomb, Manchester, merchants. Mundy and Gregory,
Rotherham, Yorkshire, iron-founders. Kearton and Alan, Old
Swan Wharf, glass-merchants.

INDEPLVDEACS OF BRAZIL.

—ere—
When his Faithful Majesty (then Prince Regent) set
sail from the Tagus, in 1807, and left Portugal as an
arena of combat for foreign hostile troops, Brazil be-
came virtually independent. The Portuguese monarchy
being transplanted from Lisbon to Rio Janeiro; the ea-
inn,. became at once the kingdom, and the mother
country the subordinate State. From that moment the
trade of the former colonial e.tablishment shook off les
shackles, and a new commercial intercourse was o:+ened
with foreign nations. The Government and the Court,
considering Brazil as their probable residence far many
years, if not their permanent abinle, adopted measures
which increased the importance and 'flattered the pride
of the new State. A land and naval force, thouo of a
limited amount, was created, and councils and tribunals
were established to suit the new order of things. Am-
bassadors from the independent Courts of Europe were
accredited to his Faithful Majesty on the other side of
the Atlantic, with all the state and formalities that would
have been observed in Europe. The R-gency of Lis-
bon pretended to consult the King of Brazil, and orders
were issued from Rio Janeiro to the African and Asiatic
possessions of the Portuguese Crown, Mosambigne, Goa,
and Manila, as if the Government of Brazil held su-
preme sway over all the dominions of the Portuguese
monarchy. Here, then, we have every reqiiisite of Stn
independent kingdom—a King, a Court, and a Govehr-
talent—an army and navy, councils and tribunals, and
independent commerce and distant colonies. Nay, more;
on the 16th of December, 1815, when King John had
recovered the Crown of Portugal, he issued a decree,
elevating Brazil " to the dignity, pre-eminence, and de-
nomination of a kingdom"—an aspect, he adds, under
which it had been considered by the Plenipotentiaries
who formed the Congress of Vienna. This state di
things continued from the year IEOB to the end of the
year 1820, a period of nearly thirteen years, chit-4%11re
earlier part of which his Faithful Majesty was uncertain
whether be could ever recross tfie Atlantic to the seat
where his forefathers had reigned, and in the latter part
of which he seemed to be indifferent on the subject.
The Brazilians hailed this change in their condition
with enthusiastic joy. They felt themselves enhobled
by the dignity conferred on their country, and found
themselves enriched by the new Activity and vigour which
unrestricted freedom conferred on their commerce.—
Was it likely, then, that they would ever be induced vo-
luntarily to return to their former colonial thraldom, or
that Portugal should ever possess the means of teaming
it by force? We may answer "No," witbout hesitation;
and may add, that though such a re-subjection were
possible, it would neither be desirable for Portugal, Bra-
zil, nor Europe. If it was found impracticable or dis 7
advantageops to govern Portugal from Rio Janeiro, it
is equally so to govern Brazil from Li-bon. We have
a French wor k before us, written by a M. Alphonse de
Beauchamp, a well-known book-maker at Paris, ho
modestly styles him the Historian of Brad; to which
these questions, and several others connected with Bra-
zil, are discussed. This Historian of Brazil is an Ultra-
Royalist in politics, and the independence of his fa-
vourite trans-Atlantic State seems principally to plea-e
him, because it has been brought about by the son of a
King, and because American freedom will thus in a
certain sense be ingrafted on European legitimacy. In
'speaking on this subject he tells us that King John, in
giving his farewell instructions to his son Don Pedro,
desired him to be on" his guard against allowing Bra-
zil to become a prey to factiOns parties, or to a kingle
adventurer ; and rather than see its (tee crown seised
by usurpatign, to place it on his own bead." Leaving
OJI of -riot the prejualinee this authors; • •

•.. • •

'T.

.
IL

Years. fr. e.
1815 - 30,818,267 4
1816 - 37,521,254 93

1817 - 44,922,991 20

181 8 - 49,79 4,486 21
1819 - 54,477,877 21
1820 - 61,069,824 21

MINING ASSOCIATION FOR BRAZIL.

THE EVENING STAR

LONDON.

tray say that his work .ontains a considerable stock off
useful iriformation. He proves incontestibly that the
Government of Portugal has behaved with great im-
traiice in its conduct towards Brazil; that Brazil
never can be 4oncpered by Portugal; and that conse-
-quently the best policy for both would be the formation
of a cordial union, on the footing of mutual independ-
ence and reciprocal advantage. Sprung from the same
origin, speaking the same language, and professing the
same religion, the Portuguese in Europe and the Por-
tuguese in America might thus enjoy a beneficial com-
mercial intercourse, and form a secure and useful poli-
tical alliance. Portugal will henceforward be unable
to obtain gold and diamonds from Brazil without an
equivalent ; but she may procure them in exchange for
the products of her industry. She will be unable to
force her oil, her wines, or her cloths on a trans-Atlantic
population, by having a monopoly of the ma►ket, but
she will have her'fair shale of that trade, if she sells as
reasonably as other nations.
In the conclusion of the pamphlet of M. de Beau-
champ, we find some statistical facts which we think
not incorrectly stated, and which, if correct, evince the
wealth, the power. and the resources of the Brazilian
empire. The population of the 19 provinces which
compose it amounts to upwards of 4,000,000. In this
census, it is to be lamented that there are more than
2;000,000 of slaves. The regular aamy of Brazil amounts
to between 25,000 and 30,000 men; its militia force to
50,000 men. The revenue of the empire is estimated
at ne4rly 3.000,000 sterling ; in the year 1824, it is esti-
mated at 95,000,000 of francs, or nearly £4,000,000
sterling. The vast extent of lands belonging to the
nation vetmits Brazil, by their sale, to redeem its debt,
without imposing burdens on the people. The f allowing
is the prcgiessive state of the revenue of Brazil, from
the King's arrival in 1808, to his departure in 1820,
computed in French money
Tgars. fr. e.
1808 - 14,361,900 61
1809 - 18,424,381 73
1810 • 33,013,093 21
1811 - 23,253,051 47
1812 - 20,428,832 66
1813 - 50,751,264 61
1814 - 27,423,354 87

The plan of the Association established for the put'
pose of mining for gold in the province of Minas Geraes
(General Mines), in .Brazil, has been completed, and
the shares in it will be brought into the market imme-
diately. The substantial advantages of this undertaking
are stated to rest on the following grounds :—l. That
the inhabitants of Brazil generally, are alike destitute
of capital and industry, and ignorant of the principles
of mineralogy ; all which defects the conductors of this
Association will be able to supply. 2. That the only
method hitherto resorted to for obtaining gold by the
uninstructed natives, has been the simple process of
making the current of a stream descend a mountain,
by the force of which the grains ate washed out: but
it is the opinion of experienced miners, that by ascend-
ing the streams to their sources, or by penetrating
deeper into the mountains, a much greater quantity of
the metal may be obtained. Of this latter point the
Emperor of Brazil, who anticipates a great increase of
revenue from the produce of the mining districts, ap-
pears to be aware; as he expressly states in the decree
granted to Mr. E. Guilford, as one reason for departing
from the hereditary jealousy of the Cow t of Brazil on
the subject, the advantages the country may be expected
to derive from the introduction of foreigners, who may
bring with them the improved methods of mining
adopted in Europe. Most of the mines in the province
of Minas Geraes are said to be private property, as at
the period of its original conquest from the Indians
by the Portuguese, they were apportioned among the
conquerors by grants from the Crown.
Of the original possessors, however, numbers have
wholly disappeared and abandoned their allotments,
and among those remaining in possessitn, as already
stated, the means of profiting by their right are ex-
tremely limited and imperfect. The decree of the Em-
peror grants what has never yet been conceded to any
foreigner—the right of making purchases of estates in
this territory. It has been started as one obstacle to the
success of this Company, that the appearance of their
agents in Brazil, with the view of making purchases,
will induce the owners to ask so enormous a price for
them as will defeat the object. But this difficulty is
answered fairly enough, by observing that the Com-
pany will require only to purchase one, or at most two
estates, and that the competition of the immense nuni-
ber of proprietors, dispersed over a district 400 miles
long by 200 miles broad, anxious to sell what has hi-
dierto proved to them to be unproductive property,
will admit the agents of the Company into possession
on sufficiently easy terms. Considering the well-known
wealth of this province, even allowing for the usual
hazards attendant on mining as a science, this under-
taking appears to present as fair an opening for the ex-
tension of British capital and industry as any of the
same kind that has been offered to the Public.

WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 8, 1824.
THE FUNDS.
STOCK EXCHANGE, TWELVE O'CLOCK.
Consols opened at 951 1 for the Account, at which price they
remain stationary.