Star.
London, England, 1815-01-09 00:00:00

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NAPALINEILLIOXNeI. . . " eItANIOLOGV, .• I
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schemes of persecution it may interfere, and the proud
and selfish, who are jealous of contemporary 'mi.
Nonce, usually combine their efforts to brand with
uselessness, or with mischief, every novel discovery.
We, must remember that Galileo was subject to in-
quisitorial tortures, only for asserting, what was after-
wards proved to be true, that the sun was the centre
of the planetary system, and that the earth's motion
produced the phenomena of the starry motions. The
discovery of the anatomy end physiology of the brain
by Drs. Gall and Spunheim, which comprehends
the most beautiful system of anthropology, has suf-
'fered in the above manual tendthough its opponents
rhave been weak, both in power and in mental abilitY
compared to the opposers of nteety-new actinic% yet
as many of the objections they hive ridged against-ft
carry with them the appearaiteli:of plausibility, 'nod
.as many of them have heetiltdkiiiiited by persons of
.no mean abilities, I shall endeavoiti to answer some
'of these before I proceed to point cache. advantages
which we may derive from a due cuitivatioe of this
useful and interesting science. For I do-not know of
any written documents in English to which I can refer
the student for answers, to the many popular objec-
tions which I daily hear. First, it is said that if we
have no material conditions for our peculiarities of
Character, we must throw the odium Of producing
moral turpitude on nature, who made them.
To this it may be replied, that moral evil as well
as physical defect of organization were both admitted
to exist by every body before, and that Craniology
only points out the connection subsisting between cer-
tain kinds of the one and certain varieties of the
other. Thus, without in the least tending to involve
nature in any new difficulties with moral evil, it points
out a certain connection between it and physic A&
fects, which only enable us the better to rectify both.
Secondly, it is said that our system has a tendency
to fatality. We reply, that anatomists, and people
in general, have always admitted the brain as an or-
gan of the mind. Now we only differ in regarding
it as an assemblage of organs of the different mental
faculties, instead of being one simple organ. Again,
the organs are only material conditions of certain
proportions, sentiments, and intellectual faculties,
over which the will has -a controcl ; so that the tidy&
rates for philosophical necessity cannot draw from our
system any new arguments tor their predestinarian
doctrines. If the reader will reflect on this, be wino
I think, see that two of the most frequent objection
ate removed. 'There are indeed, persons who have
told me that this system is atheistical, an absurd ob.
tion enough ; but as many persons .have made it,
~Dur Amy% w la, reply, that out of the. prim
eiples of the system is, that where there. is an
pr an and a special faculty of the mind, the fa.
tillty has some object. Thus, irt demonstrating the
rirgan of veneration, we point directlk to the exis-
tence of a Gon, winch is the foundation of all reli-
ginns. Craniology does not interfere with the moral
evidences of any religion; and the adversaries of 'brio-
tianity. cannot draw any arguments against revel' •
from our system. The very objection itself implies such
an ignorance of the principles of the theory, that
I could never have thought to state them here, unless
I had perceived the number of persons who gave in
to such. modes of reasoning. On the contrary, the
system is rather confirmatory of, than against the
religious doctrines, for it 'hews that we have organs,
and.cansequently faculties given us by nature. For
those very duties enjoined by religion and morality and
just law. What would admit precepts and examples
of kindness towards each other, if we had not the fa-
culty of becoming benevolent? (Organ, No. X1I1.)
What could avail the injunction to divine adoration,
unless a disposition to veneration (Organ, No. XIV.)
had also been given, capable, by the effort of our
will, of being cultivated ? and Who denies that we
have a strong feeling of justice (Organ, No. XVI.)
notwithstanding the frequent violation of it, on which
all laws profess to be founded ? It is true a. dispro-
portionate developement of 'the organs of the brain
predisposes to moral iniquity of character, and that
defective organization denies to certain persons those
refined moral feelings, and that clearness of intellect
and reflection possess...el by others. But it is ad-
mitted already, that nature permits evil in the
world ; but the discovery of the secondary means
whereby she suffers it to manifest itself, supplies
no new argument for imputing to nature the cause of
our degeneracy, and imperfection. In short, I am
convinced by the most assiduous and confirmed inves-
tigation of this system; and by reflecting perpeteaUy
on it in all its bearings, that it is more consonant to
the common sense of-mankind in all ages, and with
the establiihed feelings about morality and justice,
than is usually imagined ; and that if it differs prinei.
pally and fundamentally with the views of.'ny class
of persons, it is not with moralists and reliwous men,
but with modern metaphyeicians and the prlended
philosophers of the schools.
With regard to the utility of the study,
is almost needless to dwell on it ; the inemtigaileirof
the human character in its primitive principles and a
demonstration of the causes which so much contribute
to the varieties of the character, must.be admitted by
all to be in the highest degree interesting. Bat as
some of the principal uses in education to which it may
be applied, may not strike people in general in the
clear light, in which from more reflection on them they
have done me, I shall endeavour on a future occa-
sion to speak in a cursory manner of its application.
to the education of youth. I shall offer some remarks',
on the anatomy of the brain discovered by Dr.
Spursheim. lam yours, arc. ' CIA/10100118.
P.B. One curious fact I cannot help adding, namely,
that I hive noticed the organ of veneration very large
in some of the, very religious part of the Society Of
?fiends who have spoken of their spiritual feelings Ile
existing in a high degree. •