Star.
London, England, 1830-09-07 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE JOURv.ILS.

TisiEs.—Don Miguel has listened to the only argument which such
being can understand—the threat of the Immediate application of force
—and has restored the captured vessels to the English owners. An
arousing instance of the fears of this cut-purse of the kingdom is exhi-
',iced in the Lisbon papers : be has caused to be published the infamous
teems of the Pol*nac Mhsistry which dethrd Charles X. bat not a
4yllable is suffered to appear of the consequences of those decrees ;
-.0 that, as far as the public press is concerned, Portugal is entirely
:gnorant of the great events at Paris.

Tines.—The great Courts of Europe, we fear, if the King of the
Netherlands should listen favourably to the demands of his people, may
tell him it is an illegitimate example, and must not be shown to man-
kind. Should a federative connexion be granted to the Belgians, will
not Prussia anticipate a similar necessity, some day, for yielding to the
lemands of her lthenish subjects, and giving them a representative con.
Ititution, with &separate government and name ? Poland has, indeed,
the shadow of an independent state • but if Belgium, by bullying, gains
thesubstance, why should not Poland likewise ? So, in case of the Prince
of Orange on his return reporting to the people of Brussels that the King
has acceded to their wishes, how, we beg to ask, are the taxes to be distri-
buted ? Will the Flemings continue voluntarily to pay the interest of
the large debts of Holland? or can they, by any exercise of their roll.
tion, compel France to admit their goods across her frontier? The
rrievances, therefore,—the main grievances we imagine,—which have
really
_pressed upon the spirits of these Belgians, must remain unmiti-
gated,%otwithatanding their sacrifice to the proud theory of indepen-
dence should have been accepted, though it is probable that the anger
and distrust of neighbouring States would throw embarrassments in time
King's way, too powerful to be overcome by any wish on his part to in-
dulge the solicitations of his subjects for a division of the realm.—
The only other alternative which presents itself being to reject the
proposition with which the Prince of Orange is said to have charged
himself, every body who has watched the course of the insurrection may
be judge what must the consequences of such a determination in the
King...a civil war, of which no man can see the result. It is right,
therefore, that allowances should be made for the great and numerous
difficulties which beset the question, and that men's minds should be
prepared (though we trust in Once they will be disappointed) for the
contingency of a long and painful struggle. The march of foreign
troops to assist either party, we deprecate as the most dreadful of all ex-
pedients r for sure we are, that in such a case there is not a power of the
first or second order in Europe whose troops would not soon be in the

Tr sas.—lt will be perceived that the new government of France have
introduced a new mode of address among the Peers of France, and even
among the great functionaries of state. There are to be no more "My
Lords among them—no longer Monseigneur but M. le Ministra
Now there is no country in Europe in which 'the distinction between
Peer and Commoner is so marked as in England ; and that owing to the
existence of those absurd and even profane addresses " My Lord," as
applied to the former; and " Your Lordship," " Your Grace," and
" Noble Lords." Foreigners are disgusted wit:firs on this account ; and
think that with the freest institutions, we are the basest people, to suffer
such a distinction to exist in daily practice ! No one would or could inter-
fere with a Lord as a Legislator in the Upper House—a member of
the House of Lords, if you please ; but Lord Grey, for example, or
Lord Grenville, would quite as well discharge all the duties of that sta.
tion, if addressed " Sir ;" " Yes Sir;" "No, Sir ;" as when called
that which they are not, " the Lord" of him who addresses them. We
should like to see this profane and disgusting foolery put an end to in
England. :It exists nowhere else. It is not worth the while to inquire
how it crept in hen; but this is !the last country where it ought to
find a place ; and we have no doubt but that being once branded, It will
very soon vanish hence. The sooner this takes place the better; and
no time so good as the present. It is remarkable also, that the servility
of practice outruns the formality of the law in this respect. The law
allows no titles to the younger sons of Dukes or Marquises. It is
George Gordon, Esq. commonly called Lord George Gordon; yet each
of thine persons is now aMy Lord l—a My Lord ! !

Cato:neut.—All those who have an interest in the continuation
of abuses—all those who have interests at variance with the interests
of the community at large—bate the instruction of the people, be.
cause they found, on the want of such instruction, the division of
the different classes of society from their mutual fears. When the
news of the French Revolution:Gist:reached this country, the cam.
tenance of all who are connected with the Macaw visibly I=
coed. The respect for property, the humanity of the lower
the aversion to the effusion of blood, filled them with horror, for
they saw in all this the chance of the termination of that jealousy
a; home which has secured to them their rule. The intelligence of
the crusades against machinery, on the other hand, will ill them
with inexpressible delight, for it revives their hopes of the conthiu.
ance of the divisions of the people. We say that the great object
with all men, who wish good government and the preservation of
order, ought to be the instruction of the people. To this object let
them give their utmost efforts ; for as the physical force is with the
people, where the working classes labour un errors on national
points, a revolutionary movement cut hardly tall, sooner et low, to.
rebelve an unfortunate direction from that ignorance.

Htnat.n.—ficonte tumultuary hoed.. in Paris, who are evidently it
to disturb the public pesce, under the 'weans of attacking
printing machinery, have succeeded in checking the art of printing, to
which. more than to any other power under Providence, France owes
its glorious regeneration. Whoever may be the persons or the party
that have instigated those desperate men to acts of outrage, we are con.
viand their avowed cause is too unjust and absurd to fled many abet-
tots among a people so far advanced in civilisation as the French. They
know that printing is itself a mechanical substitute for the tedious pro.
nese of transcribing, by which formerly books, and all productions of
the mind, were multiplied so slowly and expeuivery, that know-
ledge was necessarily confined to a few, and threw no rays of
beneficent intelligence across the deep ignorance that settled on
the mass of mankind. The Turkish empire, with its thou-
sands of amanuensis and no printers, at least until very
recently, is an instance of the barbarism that degrades the human ape.
vies in the absence of the machinery of knowledge. Without the Press.
nations would know nothing of the moral effects produced by the rapid
and electric communication of thought. If the Press be but a mech.-
nical contrivance to abridge the , and lessen the expense, by
which knowledge is diffused and opinion circulated, why should not that
mechanism be improved, that the benefit of each great results should be
augmented ? If a people would be considered deplorably barbarous
who cannot estimate the advantages of the art of printing, what should
they be called who would prevent its mechanism from being improved;
would they not deserve to be called the enemies of knowledge and the
helpmates of barbarism? We understand that the greater portion of
the persons who have attempted to exercise terror over the Press of Paris
ore not printers, and we believe it.

AnYzaTraxit.—Not many years ago the only_ttpparatus in use fag
Printing newspapers was the ordinary press, by which workmen were
only able, with great difficulty, and with an excess of labour, which
caused great and early mortality among the pressmen, to obtain from
400 to 500 impressions per hour. In consequence of the slowness of
this method, it was necessary that a newspaper having a circulation of
several thousands should be set up in what were called duplicates, so that
by sending to press three or four more forms of type at one time, and
with several presses, the proprietors might be able to supply the demand
of the public. This mode of printing, although attended with a heavy
expenditure for mechanical labour, soon became unequal to the increasing
desire for newspaper reading, and the invention of a printing machine, by
means of which the proprietors of a paper could supply the public at
the rate of nearly 3,000 copies: per hour, arithout the necessity of set-
ting up or composing the paper more than once, and therefore mate.
rt4y reducing their expenditure for labour, was an improvement well
calculated to meet the approbation of all persons who valued the spread
of information, to say nothing of the gain to humanity in the economy
of human life. Of course, when these machines were introduced, some
workmen were thrown out of employ, but this was not the case to the
extent which might have been expected, for newspaper reading, par-
ticularly in France, became more general, and new papers were started,
so that journeymen printers were able to obtain employment at very
fair wages,rtmost of the pressmen were engaged at the machines,
and thus earned the same wages as formerly, with a great diminution of
labour.