Star.
London, England, 1831-01-04 00:00:00

INVENTIONS.

NEW PATZNTS SEALED tir NovEmssa, 1830.

To Henry Calvert, Lincoln, gentleman, for an improvement in the
mode of making saddles so as to avoid the danger and inconvenience
oemsioned by their slipping forward.-26th October; two months.
To Jeffrey Shores, 'Blackwell, Middlesex, boat-builder and Air..
smith, for an improvement or improvements on tackle and other Musk.,
whit* he denominates " the Self-relieving Hooka."-Ist Nuveu.btr : two
mouths.

To John Coiling', Lambeth, Surrey, engineer, for an improvement
or Improvements on the apparatus used for banging or ►uspending the
rudders of ships or vessels of different desaiptions.-Ist November :
six months.

To Benjamin Cook, Birmingham, Warwick, braes-founder, for an
improved method of snaking a eels or rube, aloe or shells, or hollow
of copper, brass, or other metals, for printing calicoes, mus-
lin., cloths, silks, and other ardeles.-4th November: six month,.
To Lewis Aubrey, Two Waters, Hats, engineer, for inventing cer-
taio improvnents in cutting paper.-4th November : six months.
To John Bowler, Castle-street, Southwark, Surrey, hat-manufactu-
rer, for certain improvements in machinery employed in the process of
dying hats.-4th November : two months.
To Joel Benedict Nott, Fa+ Scheneclady, New York, but now of
Bury-street, St. James's, Middlesex, for certain improvements in the
construction of a furnace or fume= for generating beat, and in the
for the application of bast to various useful purposes.-4th
o7P:ilius
mber air mouths.
To Thomas Bromley, gentleman, and Robert Parker, lieutenant in
the Royal Navy, both of Mousley Priory, Surrey, for certain imprme.
mans on locomotive and other carriages, or machines, applicable to rail
and other roads, which improvements, or part or parts thereof, are also
applicable to moving bodies on water and working other moehinery_4th
November; six months.
To Alexander Bell, Chapel-place, Southwark, engineer, for certain
improvements in machinery for removing wool or hairs from skins.-4th
November ; six months.

To Augustus Whidng Gillet, Birmingham, Warwick, merchant, for
an improvement in the construction and application of wheels to car.
of pleasure, or of burden, or to machines for moving heavy
bodies.-4th November; two months,
To George Givinett Bompen t? M.D. of Fishponds, near Bristol,
for an improved method of rig copper and other metals from
corrosion or oxidation.-4th ovember ; sax months.
To Joseph Gibbs, Esq. of Crayford, Kent, for improvements in eva.
porating fluids, applicable to various purposes.—.6tb November; six
months.

To John Hall, the younger, of Dartford, Kent, engineer, for a ma-
chine upon a new and improved construction for the manufacture of
paper.-9th November; iii months.
To George Mims, of Princes-14mo, Soho, upbol.
starer, cabinet and chair-manufacturer, for an improvement in the
nonsmumien, making, or manufacturing of chairs.-Bth November ;
two months.

To Henry Pratt, of Bilion, Stafford, miller, for certain improve-
ments in the making and manufacturing of quarries, applicable to
kilns for drying wheat, malt, and other grain, and to various other
purposes .—I lib November; ix months.
To Sir Thomas Cochrane, Km. commonly called Lord Cochrane, of
Regent-street, 3diddlesex, for an improved rotary engine, to be impelled
by steam, and which may be also rendered applicable to other purpom.i.
11th November t six months.

To Chairs Stuart Cochrane, Esq. of Great Gorge-street, Westmin.
sta, for certain improvements in the preparing and spinning of alb.
mere yea—Milt November: six months.
To John Tyrrell, Esq. barrister.ahlaw, of St. Leonard's, Devon, for
a method and apparatus for setting sums for the purpose of teaching
sane of the rules of arithmetic.-13th November : six months.
To Thomas Sands, Liverpool, merchant, fo► certain improvements
In spinning.machines.-18th November: six months.

LIST of PATENT/ which having been granted in the month of De.
umber, 1816, expire in December, 1830.
10. Richard Wright, London, for an improved method of construct-
ing and propelling ships.
14. William Dean, Manchester, foe an improved machinery for wax.
ing calico or cloth previous to (Laing.
19. Samuel Brown, London, and Philip Thomas, Liverpool, for an
improved method of manufacturiog chains, chain-cables, &c.

CHEAP BREA D.—Remove from the flour only the coarsest
flake bran; boil slbe of this bran in rather more thnn four
gallons of water, so that Whin quite smooth yon will have
three gallons and three-quarters of bran-water; with this
knead 56 lbs. of dour, and add salt and yeast as fur other
bread. The 561bs. of flour used in this way will produce as
much bread as 671bs. 4oz. of flour used with plain water,
and when ten days old, if put into the oven for 20 minutes,
will appear quite new again.
RICE AND WDEAT BREAD.—Simmer a pound of ticc in
two quarts of water till it becomes perfectly soft; when it is
of a proper warmth mix it thoroughly with 41bs. of four,
yeast, salt as usual, of yeast four large spoonfuls; knead it
particularly well, and then set it to rise before the fire. Some
of the flour should be reserved to make up the loaves. The
whole ex pence, including baking, will net exceed 3s. for
which eight pounds and a half of exceedingly good bread alit
be produced. If the rice should require more water it must
be added, as some rice swells more than others.
AMERICAN FLOUR- -Requires almost twice as much
water to make it into bread as is used for English flour, and
therefore it is more profitable, for a stone of the American,
which weighs fourteen pounds, will make twenty-ono
pounds and a half of bread ; but the best sort of English
flour prouduces only eighteen pounds and a half.—See
" Cottage Comforts," (p. 76 to 80) by Eater Hewlett (now
Copley), 6th edition. Simpkin and larshull.— An unpre-
tending but valuable little work, which I would earnestly
recommend to those benevolent persona now actively ee.
gaged in bettering the condition of their poorer neigh-
bours.

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NO NOES.

LOSOPHICAL SocirrY.—The
first meeting of the Thilesopliical Society of Van Diemen's
hind was held in the COurt.house on the 16th of January
tact ; the president, Dr. Henderson, in the chair.
The Lieutenant Covernof (Colonel Arthur), Mrs. Arthur,
and several other ladies, .with upwards of a hundred of the
most influential persons in the colony, were present at the
inauguration of a learned society on a spot, which, compa-
ratively few years ago, was occupied by savages.
The Chairman read ari address explanatory of the objects
and character of the society. He began by taking a view
of the benefits likely to be derived from the institution, and
proceeded to remark on the present state of the natural
sciences, perticularly as regards their nomenclature, sug-
gesting an entirely new system for introducing ono general
and determined form of expression, by which those who col-
lected new plants, animals, or other curiosities, though
themselves at a distance from each other, might infallibly be
enabled to give the same name to their discoveries. Calling
the attention of the society to the importance attached to a
scientific acquaintance with all that is connected with the
soil, its productions, and inhabitants, he gave a sketch of
the geological formation of the isle, and explained the no-
tion that he had formed from the inspection of several parts.
From this he proceeded to remark upon the botanical vari-
eties already discovered in the country, and to point out the
numerous subjects of natural history that encourage the
researches of the philosopher at every step.
Mr. FRANKLAND congratulated the Members on the
formation of such a society on an island, their very residence
on which was a practical proof of the utility of science, for
it was the progress of astronomy and navigation which led
to its occupation. He observed : " science led to its dis-
covery, but its discoverers, instead of bringing bless-
ings in their train, have heaped ruin and destruction upon
those children of misfortune, the aboriginal owners of the
soil ; a people naturally amiable and intelligent, who, with
better treatment on the part of those who have come in
contact with them, might have been rendered valuable
friends, and have continued a happy nation. However, f
should hope that there is yet time to restore that harmony
which, but for the brutal inhumanity of white men, had never
been broken ; and surely no more glorious object could this
Society propose to itself than that of acquiring a more in-
timate acquaintance with this much-wronged people, with a
view of ameliorating their condition, and of saving them
from being extirpated from the face of that earth on which
he Almighty had placed them."
Mr. HONE said, he was glad that his friend, the surveyor-
general, had alluded to the aborigines as a subject towards
which the inquiries of this Society might be applied. He
lamented the estrangement which had taken place between
Europeans and the natives, and remembered a meeting
which had been held in the building opposite (pointing to the
Church), at which he bad presided : much had been said on
that occasion, and much had been done since.
Dr. Tv as sou. remarked, that though Lavoisier, by re-
casting the language of chemistry, had given new life to
that science, yet similar attempts had failed in benefiting
equally the other branches of natural history. The Presi-
dent had endeavoured to supply this desideratum, on a new
and unambitious plan, which certainly promised to be suc-
cessful. He had declared war against the 30,000 arbitrary
names of plants received in the nomenclature of botany, and
had suggested the substitution of certain syllables and let-
ters, of which might be compounded names expressive of the
diagnostic marks of each particular plant. It remained for
the President to apply these principles to the new plants dis-
covered in the botanical investigations of the Society, and
should they work well in practice, most assuredly he will
have conferred a great boon upon science. The opportunity
was favourable if the system could here be tried on neutral
and untrodden ground.
Dr. Ross said that he shared in the gratification which
the Society must have experienced from the scientific and
beautiful essay that they had just heard ; but he held a dif-
ferent opinion from their worthy President on one part of the
subject on which he had enlarged. He alluded to the pro-
posal of adopting a new form of nomenclature. He thought
that the attention of the Society ought to be devoted, in the
first instance, to the collection of facts illustrative of the
natural resources and productions of the island, rather than
indulge in speculative schemes and new theories ; that
whatever new species might be discovered by the members
would for many years to come readily find a place in the ex-
cellent classification which learned men had adopted in the
old world.

No. 2.—AC A DEM YOr SCIENCES Or PA aze.—On
November 2, the secretary read, on behalf of Dr. Larrey,
an extract of a letter from M. Gamba, French consul at Tiflis,
wherein he states some particulars relative to the progress
of the cholera marks in the Russian empire.
The disease appeared at Tera, in the autumn of 1829.
It ceased during the winter, but in the spring it broke out
afresh, spread along the banks of the Caspian, and extended
to Astraean. Its ravages seemed for a time to moderate,
but they soon recommenced with redoubled force. On the
Bth August it appeared for the first time at Tiflis, and at-
tacked three soldiers of the garrison. The nature of the
malidy was not at first known ; but prior to the 13th no
doubt remained.
The affrighted people endeavoured to check this new
scourge by making processions ; but the assemblage of per-
sons, some of whom had the germ of the disease, only served
to accelerate its propagation, and the number of cases aug-
. mented with prodigious rapidity from day to day. • The
earliest symptom was commonly an entire prostration of
strength, which was soon succeeded by alvine evacuations
and repeated vomiting, icy coldness at the extremities, then
all over the body, cramp, and at length death, which often
happened before the eighth hour.
Calomel, bleeding, and stimulants were applied, but no
mode of treatment succeeded. In order to restrain, as much
as possible, the causes of contagion, the bodies were buried
immediately after death, and with the clothes on; but i va-
riety of general causes contributed to favour the propaga-
tion of the disease : such as the elevated temperature of the
place, and the situation of Tiflis between two mountains,
which impedes the free circulation of air. In less than a
year, the number of inhabitants has been reduced from
30,000 to 8,000.
At Tabree: more than 4,000 persons have already fallen
the plague. iiich pre-

PANORAMA

'The following arrangement will bencetitward be con-
tinned in the STAR, and it will combine the interests of the
united kingdom in one focus. Public attention is invited
in this manner, and a separate arrangement tilopted, in the
confidence that so useful a feature will recommend this
Journal to preference in every place where a daily evening
paper is read. In all the colonies,and in all countries where
Englishmen reside, this yaws 'Rom HONE will confer
peculiar interest on the STAR. The circle of every six days
STAR will present a complete picture of the kingdom.
As an integral part of this Panorama of the Empire,
intended to be at once Barran and COLONIAL, the Con-
ductors of the STAR earnestly invite original communica-
tions of facts, authenticated to the Conductors, by the names
of the writers. At this interesting crisis, they especially
invite information relative to the real state of the country—
and the actual remuneration of the productive classes, both
in agriculture and manufactures—and they will be happy
to record instances of the lowering of rents—of modifica-
tions of tythes, and increase of pay ; specifying
the rates and amounts—end in particular, they desire
to be apprised of all cases in which parochial allowances, and
the comforts of poor-houses and parish cottages have been
increased. They wish to see the Press instrumental at once
in making real grievances known, and in doing justice to
all acts of concession and liberality. For means of doing
their duty, the Conductors of the STAR appeal, therefore,
to the public spirit of their Readers in every part of the
empire.
Editors of papers, desirous of being quoted in the STAR,
are requested to transmit them ; and, in our daily references,
the strictest impartiality shall be observed batween conflict-
, ing interests.

SHEFFIELD MERCURY, JAS. I.

Certain subscribers to the fund for the restoration of York Cathedral,
opposed to the removal of the organ s erten, consider, the decision of the
meeting of the 28th of December as ratifying that of the 29th of July
last ; that the guardians of the Minster have therefore no right to as.
same such opinions as indicative of the wishes of the subscribers • and
that under these circumstances, we consider that no ulterior proceedings
Wading to remove the screen are justifiable.
That whatever be the future decision of the Chapter on this point, we
expect, in case the screen is removed, that the Dean will be prepared
and empowered to redeem the promise repeatedly given by him, and
uncontradicted by any member of the Chapter, though in their .
Bence, that every dissentient subscriber shall receive back, if demanded,
the whole of his subswiption. We pledge ourselves to make that de.
mend,: and in case the than is not empowered to return the money, we
shall call on him, as personally bound, in honour, not to consent to the
removal of the screen.
An information was laid by Mr. Paul Bright, the Inspector of Coen
Returns in this town, under the 9th of George IV. against Messrs.
Vickers and Sons, coin-dealers, for having neglected to wad in a return
of the British corn purchased by them in the Sheffield market, on the
7th of December last. Mr. B. Vickers admitted the offence, but showed
his memorandum book, in which he bad by mistake entered the pur-
chase under the Rotherham market of the previous day. The magis-
trates convicted him in the lowest penalty-81 13s. Id.
On the morning of Saturday last a stack of oats, belonging to Mr.
John Ellis, of Fawesther, near lkikion, was discovered to be on fire.
He hastened to call his neighbours to his assistance is quenching the
fire, but before, however, this could be accomplished, the stack was al.
most totally consumed.
Our letters from the country bring oa;ounts of several new fires. The
premises of Mr. Nunnery, in Theme-It-lane, near Whhchurch, were to-
tally consumed on Wednesday night week. Mr. Roe's silk-manufac.
tory at Congleton, Cheshire, was burnt down on Thursday morning
week, and only three bales of silk were saved.
This day, the pensioners who reside in this town and neighbourhood
will be sworn in as special constables, in compliance with the proclama-
tion of the King.
The feverish condition of the manufacturing &trim excites, at the
present moment, $ painful degree of interest throughout the country.
Tug Poos-Rarzs..—ln 1776.6, the expenditure for the poor in
Ragland and Wales, wheat being then at 465. the quarter, amounted to
1,630,0001. The average cost of the poor for the last 17 years, em-
bracing two of war and Mass of pesos, has been 8,430,0001.
Tan LOVA/HUM Tozw.cottr.—The men still remain off work,
but they have not displayed any desire to disturb the public peace ;
consequently the reports which have been circulated in this town, of a
number of factories having been burnt, is without foundation.
A Special Meeting of the Company of Proprietors of the Sltelleld
canal, numerously attended, was lately held at the Town Hall, which
it was unanimously agreed to authorise the Committee to oppose the
projected Railway from Sheffield to Goole.
YZIITZIDAT'S WAIZIrIZLD Coax BIARRIT.The riven and
canals are partially closed, and having scarcely any thing frail up for
this day's market, and a thin &Modena of buyers, it was a complete
holiday, and the few sales made tonscessitous buyers may be considered
at an advance of Is. per quarter upon all descriptions of vela.
DEATHS.—At Mansfield, Mr. George Daher., Whim, aged 64.
....Mr. John Simpson, gent. West Bank, Glaser Ilesiell At
fax, in his 106th year, ' Old Logan." He wee Ewa Memo, le
1728. Fifty years "his life were spent as selike, ha Ugh* he.
land, and the West Indies ; nineteen years be holineed to %W M& Cs.
meronian regiment; twenty-three years to the 301 el het I
three years to theiled regiment ; sad five years so the Pew
cibles ; of tbe last regiment be was Thum Major. Mb keg Novice
was rewarded with a pension of lean,. per day. He bed been twice
married, and been the father of 32 children ; 8 by his former, and 24 by
his present wife.

I‘.
1:‘
MPs,
10, TIFIC
•• • -Tre.•if• • Jr...el' "'"101
No. I.— TASICANIAN PHIL

k victims to the cholera morbus, or the plague. which pre- I
wailed there at the same time.
Of twenty Frenchmen at Tiflis, four are dead. M. Gamba
porsisted in remaining in the place.
PORTMAN MARKET.— Yesterday morning this market
opened, and was attended by nearly all the first-rote hay
farmers of Middlesex, and the adjacent counties. The whole
of the covered standings were occupied, not one being vacaut
at seven o'clock. The market was cleared at two o'clock,
and the prices quoted are as follows:—
Clover from Ws. to (inferior)
0d.4 &L
Upland Bay ..... gybe. to
Lowland ditto
4 Straw
The whole of the carters were entertained with beef and ale
at the expense of Mr. Wilson.