Star.
London, England, 1831-06-20 00:00:00

FRANCE.

ti

I

The King left Nancy on the 15th, at noon, at-
tended by the Mayor and the municipality, who
accompanied his Majesty to the church of Notre
Dame de Bons Secours, which stands about half a
league from the town, where he visited the tomb
of Stanislaus, King of Poland, and that in which
is deposited the heart of his daughter, Maria
Leczinska, who was a Queen of France. On
Lis way to Epinal, the King stopped at the expe-
rimental farm of M. Dombasle, at Roville, where
he conversed with three young Egyptians who
are learning the science and practice of agri-
culture. His Majesty alighted at the Mayory of
the small town of Charmes, where he received the
several authorities and reviewed the National
Guards, which mustered 5.000 men. The King
observed in the ranks an old soldier of Jemappes,
who had by his side seven sons, all grenadiers in
the same company. At half-past seven his Ma-
jesty arrived within a quarter of a league of Epi-
nal, where he was met by a regiment of dragoons
and the National Horse Guardc, who escorted him
to the. Prefecture. Here his Majesty received the
various authorities ; and, after taking his dinner,
honoured with his presence a ball given at the
theatre. Throughout the whole progress of the
day, the King was received with the usual tokens
of loyal attachment.

La Gazette de France maintains that if the prin-
ciple of universal suffrage had been adopted instead
of the limit of the right of voting to those who pay
200 francs in taxes, the people would not have
been now endeavouring to take the reins of the
btate into their own hands, and Paris would sot
have been thrown into confusion by the late dis-
turbances.

La Quotidienne says, that it has witnessed,
without surprise, both the beginning and the ter-
mination of the late disturbances, which have par-
taken of the character inherent in a social body
without energy, conducted by a Government with-
out force. The social body is not at this moment
powerful enough to overthrow the Government, and
the Government is not in a state to prevent the
social body from being constantly in agitation.
" When will this end ?" It continues—" The
just etstilieu has proved its incapacity to tranquillize
tue country ; the republicans themselves do not pre-
tend to know what would be the consequences of a
republic. France needs repose ; we are forbidden
to look back, but can hope be denied us ?"
Le Journal des Debats says, that before France
behalf of other nations, tranquillity
' at home. The same National
soldiers, press the eneutes, may,
prevent them, Sy. returning deputies
strengthen the hanaSof the Administra-

Lion, and second the efforts of Government for the
preservation of order.
Le Temps considers that the electoral mandate
should be confined to the peerage question, which,
by its nature, invests the Chamber with the charac-
ter of a constituent assembly. Every elector, it
adds, has, of course, the right to annex what con-
ditions he chooses to his vote, but the interests of
the country require no other special mandate than
the one above mentioned.

The Moniteur contradicts a rumour circulated on
'Change on Friday, of a corps of 50,000 men being
ordered to assemble in the environs of Lille. No
extraordinary movement of troops has been ordered
at that point or elsewhere. The official journal also
contradicts a report of the Minister of War having
given orders for the troops in garrison at Paris to
be augmented by 26,000 men.

The Pilote du Calvados states, that the ex-
Emperor Don Pedro will fix his residence at Caen,
where the young Queen, his daughter, is to dwell
with him, at least for the present.
During the last three days, the Austrian ambas-
bassador has received several despatches from Vi-1
enna, which have led to repeated conferences with
the other diplomatists at Paris. Since these con-
ferences, couriers have been sent by the Minister
for Foreign Affairs to London, Vienna, and Saint
Petersburgh.
Rennes, Poitiers,Niort, Mans, and other towns
in the west, are making preparations for a national
festival to celebrate the anniversary of the revolu-1
tion of July.
We noticed yesterday the arrest of M. and
Madame Lennox. SOme ancient and fancy arms
were seized at their lodgings in a cabinet of cu-
riosities. Among other papers there were found a'
letter written by an Italian refugee to the young
Prince Louis Buonaparte at London, which Mrs. Len-
nox was to have forwarded ; several other letters,
some articles for journals, and a note relative to a
provisional ministry or government, in which were the
names of General Lafayette as Dictator; Messrs.
Manguin, minister of justice ; Lamarque, minister
of war ; Dumont d'Urville, minister of the marine;
Auguste Fahre, minister for foreign affairs ; Voyer
d'Argenson, minister of the finances; Odillon
Barrot, minister of the Interior ; and Cavaignac,
minister of commerce and public works.—
In the note, three Consuls, pointed out by ini-
tials, are supposed to be Messrs. Lanjuinais,
Dupont, (de l'Eure) and Audry de Puyravesu.—
This note, it is said, refers to an article of an in-
tended journal on measures to have been adopted
on the 30th of July, 1830, if the revolution had
followed its natural course. It also speaks of pri-
mary assemblies and a national congress. It ap-
pears that the case was supposed in which the
nation would have to choose between a republican
and a monarchical government. In the latter case,
Napoleon 11. Henry V. and Louis Philip were pre-
sented as candidates. Madame Lennox was set at
liberty yesterday morning, after having remained
24 hours at the depot of the Prefecture of Police.
General Dubourg was confined to his bed by ill-
ness when he received the late domiciliary visit,
and it is from this cause alone that be was not ar-
rested.— Courrier Francais.

The Nuremberg Correspondent announces, after
letters of the Bth instant, from Vienna, that the
funds had been declining in that capital for some
days past, in consequence of several unfavourable
reports. _ _

By two decrees of the Council of Appeal at St.
Louis, in Senegal, rendered on the 28th of March
last, in cases of the slave trade, and in conformity
with the law of the 26th of April, 1827, the cap-
tain and supercargo of the schooner Caroline, of
Pointe-k-Petre, were each condemned to ten years'
banishment, and declared incapable of ever serving
either in the navy or merchant service of France ;
and the carpenter and five others of the crew of
the same vessel were sentenced to two years' im-
prisonment. They were also jointly and severally
condemned in damages to the amount of the value
of the ship and cargo, and to the payment of the
costs of the proceedings. The Caroline herself
was confiscated.

A letter from Brest of the 15th inst. says, that
four new prizes (Portuguese) have arrived in that
harbour ; two of them are from Para, laden with
rice, cotton ; and also the corvette l'Harmonie,
captured near the Azores.
" Our army was hardly removed from the fron-
tier of Prussia, in quitting the neighbourhood of
Ostrolenka, than the Prussians hastened to expe-
dite to the Russians succours of all kinds. Sub-
sistence and ammunition came from Thorn by
Strasburg. This Prussian neutrality is an object
of derision. The Russians, beaten by the Lithua-
nians, retire upon the Prussian territory, supply
themselves there with new arms, and begin fresh
attacks ; whilst, on the other hand, our citizens
are imprisoned, our property confiscated, our money
seized, our communications interrupted, and our
letters even opened. Even more, the cordon sa-
nature is relaxed for the Russians who carry about
the contagion, and our poor villagers are killed
whilst on their native soil. —Messager Polonnais.
The following proclamation has been issued by
the Prefect of the Department :

" Inhabitants of Parts, the conduct you pursued, and the
services you rendered in the midst of the disorderly scenes
that have unfortunately again occurred in the capital, are
entitled to the acknowledgment of your magistrates. Na-
tional Guards, mechanics, workmen, citizens of every clam,
you have all contributed to the re-establishment and main-
tenance of order, by affording mutual assistance, either In
I denouncing or arresting the distorben of the peace, and de•
liming them into the hands of justice.

" Your patriotism receives at this moment the most flat.'
tering of rewards in the consciousness of your having con-
curred in promoting the public good. Continue to join your
efforts to those means which the administration will necessa-
rily employ to thwart the vain projects of the agitators,
cause property to be respected, and restore order among us,
for it is only in times of tranquillity that industry can pros-
per, trade revive, and work of every description resume its
activity. Tranquillity seems at length returned, and the
Government hopes that no new dlsotders will occur. Should
it be disappointed in its expectation, and should malevolence
create fresh disturbances, all good citizens will remember
that the surest means of finding out the guilty is to leave
them to their small number, and not to increase. by a
cutiosity,dan-
the groups where the makfacton bide
rnir: elves in order to escape the public indignation.
" Paris, June 17. " Count de BONDY."

General Pijol, Commander of the First Military
Division, has issued an order of the day, enforcing
the regulations of the service which require that
officers of all ranks, whether on full or half-pay,
who may come to Paris on leave of absence, shall
present themselves at head-quarters within twenty-
four bears after their arrival ; and declaring that
those who do not conform to this order shall be
considered as illegally absent from their corps ?r

places of residence, notwithstanding any ministerial
authorization.
The following order of the day, in acknowledg-
ment of the services of the National Guard, was on
Friday issued by the Commander-in-Chief :
_

" For three days the enemies of order have been active to
disturb it, and for three days the National Guarde Wye
been upon the alert to defend it, and spread its selutary in.
dunce in every direction.

" Thanks be rendered to them ! They have shown them-
selves upon this occasion what they have always been, and
what they will ever be—the safeguard of the rights of all,
the protector of the public liberties, and the wall of brass,
against which all tbe attempts of the agitators will inevitably
be dashed to pieces.
" Powerfully seconded in their efforts by their brethren
of the line, the National Guards have been enabled to per-
ceive that they found everywhere noble sympathies, and that
the cause of order would not fail to have In the army defen.
den, devoted. like themselves, to the popular throne, sprung
out of our glorious revolution.
"This happy and energetic alliance contains the best of all
guarantees for the real friends of the country, at the same
time that it disconcerts the culpable and senseless hopes of
the instigators of disorder and the framers of anarchy.
" Although the National Guards have long placed them.
selves above all praise, the General in Chief has pleasure in
addressing his to them, certain of meeting with an echo in
the whole of the population of Paris, who now know better
than ever where are their surest friends, as well as their moat
dangerous monks. (Signed) " LOBA U."

The Duchess de St. Leu (Queen Hortense) ar-
rived at Paris a few days ago.
General Bertrand, whose name is so honourably
allied with the misfortunes of Napoleon, has pre-
sented himself t 9 the electors of Chateauroux, as a
eandidatefor the representation of the Indre.
A telegraphic dispatch has announced the arrival
in the roadstead of Marseilles of a French frigate,
with 120 Bedouin Arabs, sent from Algiers by
General Berthezene, for the purpose of studying
agriculture. They are to be placed under some of
the best farmers in the south, and employed in
agricultural pursuits, until they are able to apply
the French method to their own country.
The following is an abstract of the very reduced
condition of the French shipping trade, as given
in the last Marseilles Semaphore which we have
received.

In one part of the port of Marseilles are seen 200
dismantled ships, laid up in three rows, while in
another is to be seen the active bustle of the com-
merce of Marseilles, but carried OJI entirely by fo-
reign vessels. The French colonial commerce
does not occupy one-tenth of their own prime
shipping, and the greater number of the latter,
the small ships of 100 or 200 tons, find no em-
ployment whatever. Forced by successive losses
to renounce distant voyages, the marine of
Marseilles still had hoped to preserve its natural
share of the trade to the Levant, and of the coast-
ing on the shores of Spain and Italy. Indeed, the
navigation of the Mediterranean seemed to be its
domain ; but foreign shipping had taken away even
that, and what was worse, they had been assisted
in doing so by French maritime regulations. They
were exempted from the tonnage duties which they
required in their own ports from foreign vessels,
and likewise freed from all local charges in bringing
their provisions and stores on board. The salary of
French sailors (45 to 50 francs a month)
was twice that of the foreigners, and always,
from the system adopted by the Govern-
ment in their rates of payment increases in ratio
that the price of freight diminishes. The protection
of the tariff of customs is become quite inoperative,
since the reduction by foreigners of their freight to
one-half that of the French offers a sufficient com-
pensation for the difference of duty ; besides, the
tariff is so framed, as to admit of repeated evasion.
It is thus the immense transit of oils is borne by
foreigners from all parts of Italy to Nice, and then
it is merely left to French coasters to finish the
transfer from Nice to Marseilles. It was only some
months ago ,that upon the lucky alteration of Villele's
absurd legislation upon corn,some activity was intro-
duced into the commerce of Marseilles ; but not a
single one of the local ships could vie with the foreign
freights. Austrians, Russians, Neapolitans, Sar-
dinians, were alone the carriers of corn from the
Black Sea ; the French marine could not cover
their charges under a rate of two francs and a half,
while foreigners could for one franc. Even the
French Government employed foreign freights for
Algiers, for the paltry economy of two or three
francs per ton, and they continue up to this time
to employ such vessels for that colony at 11 franca
per ton, while the French at their present pressure
of expenses could not do that work under 20 franca.
Panama Fustss, Altus 18.—Five per Cents. 89f 6k
6k. 50e 40e 504 89f 89f 10e 20c 891 2k 20c 2k 30e
25c 10e Lk 40c; Loan of 1891, 89f 20c; Four per Cents.
75f ; Three per Cents. 61f 70e 6k 60e 40c 25c 61f 15c:15e
60f90c 61f 60f 90c Glf 60f 95c 61f ;Bank Stock, 1600 f
1500 f ; Rent. de Naples, 68f 60c 30e 2&; Rents
d'Espagne 131; Royal spatial Loan, 66; Rents Perpe-
tuene d'Espagne, 621 f 52 52f 62 52f ; &change on
Landon, one month, paper, 25f 10e; money, 25f 10e;
three months, paper, 25f; money, 24f 95r.....C05irs Meths's.
dope.

DUTCH AND LISBON PAPERS.
RECEIVED TIIIS DAY.

RUSSIAN HIAD.QUAILTEIS, KLZCZIWO, Jon 4.—On
the morning after the battleof Ostrolenka, some Cossacks went
in pursuit of the enemy. At noon, Gen. Wits obtained the
commandlf the advanced guard, formed of the second die,.
Most of grenadiers and the first of infantry, together with
some regiments of cavalry, with which he advanced to Re.
saw The enemy evacuated the place, as well as Pultuek
and Tierock, without resistance ; crossed the river, and de.
strayed the bridge. On the 28th, General Fabler, with the
first caps, advanced against Myssynies, in order to cut of
the retreat of General Gleigud's corps, of about 1000 men,
whisk bed remained behind in Lomsa. Opposite to this
corps was placed General Sacker, with six battalions,
a few hundred Cossacks, and two batteries. Gen. Gielgud
evacuated Lomsa on the 27th, destroyed the large bridge
there, moved northward, forced General Sicken to retreat,
and advanced by rapid marches to Angustowo. On the 3d,
the Field Marshal removed his bead-quarters to Maples-
sowo. The Grand Duke Michael went to Nohow, and Ge-
neral Paden, with the first and third divisions, and a 'Uri.
don of grenadiers, took up a position in the vicinity of
Prannyc. To-day the Field-Marshal's head-quarter are
removing to Klecsewo, near Pultusk. The chokra has
wholly disappeared in the Russian army. Ls Loam we had
a few solitary instances.

From a private letter from the Russian entry To
`bur great surprise we read in the Polish °tidal W.
count of the battle of Ostroleaks, the assertion that
the Polish army maintained the field of battle, while the
Russian army retreated behind the Narew. The inaccuracy
of this assertion is evident from the following: (Hess follows
a list of regiments, and parts of regiments, which are stated
to have continued she the haute, on the right aide of the
Narew.)
FROM TEO POLISM FRONSIZto Just 10.--Althongh,
according to some accounts, the Russian troops an still at
Zeus, several &drives received at Wanaw lead us to think

they us on the point of crossing the Vistula simultaneously
at Meek and l'ulawy. From Generals Olelgud and
Chhpewski no later accounts have been received, es that the
confirmation of the reports already is stW to be looked
forward to. The elocution in the form of Oovatment at
Warsaw is expected to be ellicialy announced to-day.

Palm TIM LITR%7IIIAX FIONTIIIII4 JUNE 7.—
According to accounts from Oklgudischken, a division of
3000 Polish troops, belonging to General GWgud's corps,
had arrived there, and were about to cross the MemeL A
second division of about the same force was to ems the river
at Micky, and a third above Novena The whole of Gene-
ral Gielgud's would, therefore, appear to consist of 9000
men. The want of pontoons and bridges was supplied by
large rafts of timber. The different corps of patriots in
those provinces are endeavouring to join General Gielgud,
and, as a Russian corps, under General Sass, has been sent
sgahmr the Poles, a serious affair may be shortly expected.
____

Wunsuw, Jima 9.—The diet has not had any sitting
since the 4th inst. the committees having been engaged,
daring this interval, In examining the project of law pre.
seated by the Deputy bedochowski, for a change in the
Government. After long debates, the committees have de.
sided that a change is necessary, and that the govern.
went should be confided to a high person. The report
of the committee on the project of law for giving the
government to an individual, was laid before the Chamber
of Deputies yesterday. The debate was deferred to the
next sitting. A credit of fourteen millions was granted
in yesterday's sitting to the Minister of War.

The Warsaw Courier says, " We have no positive news
in the capital respecting the military operations. With
regard to Marshal Diebitich, there are various reports in
circulation ; some say he intends to strike terror in the Li.
thuanian patriots, by proceeding spinet them in person;
others, that be means to approach Warsaw. The promised
account of the battle of Ostrolenka has not yet been can.
municated to us.

General Count Krukowlecki has already received the db.
charge which he solicited from the Alb of General of In-
fantry, and intends shortly to have the capita. The new
Government of Warsaw is not yet named. Several Gene.
rub, to whom this burdensome office has been offered, have
declined it.

The German Warsaw Gassits gives the unauthentic:eta
news, that the Russians abandoned Lublin some days ago.

Beaux, June 13.--A letter from an officer at the Rua.
Man head.quarters, dated May 27, gives a very long account
of the battle of Oitrolents. He estimates the loss of the
Russians at 4000 men. That of the Poles, who be ex.
pressly states, fought with great bravery, cannot be less than
7 or 8000 men, including 2100 prisoners, of whom 700 were
wounded.

BERLIN, June 13.—The towlpabury J menial gives the
following mount of the events in the Polish Lithuanian
frontiers, which we announced yesterday. " The Polish
General Gielgod has entered.Gielgudisehten, with a force
laid to be 12000 strong. He marched with about 4000 regu.
lar troops of the corps of Gen. gotten, which was 8000
strong, to Sown (otherwise Rouen.) On his marsh,
several bodies of the patriots joined him.—
The Russian corps bad taken a strong position in Komi°.
Gen. Glelgud caused a feigned attack to be made by 2,000
men upon Kovno, while he himself, with the remainder of
his corps, crossed the Ilemel in the night, in order to pent.
trate Into gamed., and join Puschet."

His Excellency Von Alopens, the Russian Ambassador,
at the Prussian Court, died this morning at half.past four
o'clock, after a fortnight's very severe illness, in his 63d
year.

The cholera appears to abate at Dantzig. but it ham broken
out at KAMA, sot far from our Eastern frontier.

The St. Petersburg" Journal contains a very long account
respecting Finland, which declares all the reports drculated
in foreign journals of insurrections and discontent,
in that province, of the disarming of the people
by order of the Government and the like to be wholly false.
The most perfect tranquillity prevails in Finniand, and the
people are faithful and attached to the Cizvernmatt. The
story of the disarming of the people is founded on a men.
sure resolved, and commenced to be executed Nbove two
years, which was to dissolve imperfectly organized militia,
and to farm marine corps instead, it being supposed that the
extensive coasts might supply the Rusian navy with a great
number of excellent seamen, which would be more advanta-
geous both to Finland and Russia. Great numbers of Fin.
landas have fought in Persia, Turkey, and Poland, have
received frequent testimonials of approbation, from the
Generals under whom they served. The battalion of
sharpshooters of the Guard, formed in Finland two years
ago was ordered to Poland at the same time with the guards,
for St. Petersburg, and has distinguished itself on several
occasions dating the present campaign. Col. Ramsay, who
commands the batteries, was wounded in a late engagement.
—Prussian Mete Gamic*, June 13 and 14.

Wattsaw, Jots 9.—Authorised by the decree of the
Diet of Jan. 29, the Polish government has opened a loan
for sixty millions of Polish florins, at 4 per cent. to be secured
in all the national domains. There are 100,000 shares of
600 florins each.

A traveller, who wired from the Prussian fronders
yesterday, relates that General Gielgud had totally de-
feated and dispersed the corps of General Sicken at
Raygrod. The remains of the corps have taken re-
fuge in Lick, in the Pruden territory. The traveller
was in prison near the field of battle and beard the can-
nonade.

It continues to be alarmed that the Russian General
wounded at Ownbilks was Prints fichakowski, that he has
died of his wounds, and that his remains have been sent to
Russia. The Sanitary Cordon has now been plated by
Austria also on our frontiers.

Baasix, Jens 11—According to a generally believed
report, Count Packewitsch will succeed Count Diebitsch io
the command of the Russian army. The latter is said
to meet with much opposition, both in and out of
the army, which is strengthened by the ill sue.
ma of his operations against the Poles. It con-
said, that Count Diebitsch, who was 111 when be left Berlin,
is so affected in his mind by the exertions and vexations of
the war, that the operations have been long directed by (lea•
Foil, by whose representations the Emperor his been induced
to summon Paskewitsch to amnia the mmy In Poland...-
Hanker* Paper*, ./tae lf.

Bois is Drc, lusts 16.—We learn that part of the
troops under the command of General Cott Hullgers have
advanced nearer to the frontiers. In general, the opinion
gains ground here that hostilities will soon re.ccsoinesee.—

livery body's attention is fixed on the citadel of Antwerp.

Letter horn the Prussian handers of the jab
of June, say, that Belgian deserters keen Liege, re-
present that city to be la a state of great ferroentadon.--

The poplins are striving to get the upper bead, ea
this to bola the French deg. The civil sod military ma-
tborhin =demur to hinder this, but seem net able to de-
peed es the troops.

Tan Kiev; Jews 17....Th0 Stasis Courant gloss the
15th protocol of the oosterethes at Leedom, dosed Iltit inns.
Freon the contents et this protocol, end the dotonssate es.
mud to it, ye Ind that Mmes. ds Takh end Vsa
Znyibt Van Nyossit, the dad's l'intipotendseles, Minted
to the Cowen, en Net Met, a note, la width they de.
closed, “ that it the MON did not imoilotely stills to

the:bads of the separation, laid down by the five power, his
Majesty would feel himself at liberty to act for himself
in order torn an end to the long uncertainty, which is so
extremely injurious to the interests of his faithful subjects.
In a second note, dated June 6, they wish to know what
answer the Belgic Government has given to the 22d protocol
which they doubt not has been communicated to it, it being
weceeway that his Majesty should be able to adopt the men.
sures called for by his own dignity and the safety of Holland.
Ina third note of June 6, they complain of Lord Pot.
sonby's letter to M. Lebeau, protesting finally ageism what
his•Lorddship says of =eventual cession of the Grand Duchy
of Luxembourg. Lord Ponsonby, they say, has assumed
a right which nobody could give him, was flattered
with a vain hope the spirit of arrogance which cha-
racterises the insurrection, and has affected the rights of
the King by promises directly contrary to the language
held by the organs of his Majesty at the Hague and
London. On the 7th, the conference answered to the
note of the 6th, that, according to amounts received from
Brussels on the 6th, the Belgians had by no means ac.
ceded to the proposed plans of separation ; that Lord Pon.
aonby was recalled ; and that General &Sista had like-
wise orders from his Sovereign to leave Brusseh ; and
the Conference was considering of the measures that might
be called for by the engagements entered into by the
Five Powers with the King of the Netherlands.

To the note of the 6th June, the Conference answered
on the 7th, that It had no concern in the letter of Lord
Ponsonby, and could only account according to the pro.
seal of May2l. That the 3 principles laid in that protocol
were, 1. That the means to secure Luxemburg to Belgium,
were to be adopted by the consent of both parties. 2. That
the possession could not be givenlto the Belgians, except for
an equitable indemnity. And, 3rd, That the Five Powers
would make no proposal for such a transaction to the par-
ties interested, till the Belgians should have acceded to the
basis of the separation laid down by the Conference, and
agreed to by the King of the Netherlands. They do not of-
feet the right of the King to act as be judges best. Far
from Impairing his rights, they have the greatest
respect for them, and merely endeavour, by means of such
an indemnity as His Majesty may judge it proper to accept,
to promote the interest of both parties to bring about a state
of things favourable to the Interests which His Majesty has
at heart, and to the establishment of that peace which I,
conformable to his wishes, and those of the Five Powers.

These two answers are signed by the plenipotentiaries
of the live powers.

The Lisbon papers to the llth of June contain no news.

The ship news continues to notice the presence of a French
frigate, two corvettes, and a brig to the east of Cabo da
Roca.

PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE.

(EXCLUSIVE.)

PARIS, Juste la
Sta,—During the whole of yesterday, crowds
were assembled in the vicinity of the Port of St.
Denis, but chiefly attracted by curiosity, No breach
of the peace took place, and the presence of the
civil authorities were alone necessary to preserve
order. In the evening, however, large bodies of
troops of the line, the horse and foot Municipal
Guard, as well as the horse and foot National
Guard, occupied the Boulevards, to be ready in case
any fresh tumult occurred. Happily their inter-
ference was not required. At about half-past ten
at night, a mob of two or three hundred made their
appearance at the Palais Royal—tore down a tri-
coloured flag from a coffee-bona, nearly op-
posite to the Palace, and with that pro-
ceeded crying out " bread or blood !" Large
bodies of troops were stationed in the Place
de Carousel, so that intelligence was soon sent,
and on the appearance of the troops this turbulent
set dispersed: it has had, however, the effect of
alarming the neighbourhood, and causing all the
shops and caffis to be closed. At eleven o'clock, I
proceeded to the Port St. Denis, but all was per-
fectly tranquil, upwards of 2,000 troops still occu-
pying the Boulevards; and on my return home I
met a troop of hussars and a battalion of the line
proceeding to the same spot, but no disturbance
took place during the night; nor has any occurred,
that I have heard of, in any part of Paris, up to the
time I write. How long such a state will last,
Heaven knows ; but I fear not long. The National
Guards have been much blamed for their se-
verity towards the people, and I think not with
justice. They have not the coolness of the troops
of the line ; but there is this excuse for them—
they are harassed and taken away from their
occupations, and consequently get irritated and ill-
humoured. It has been stated in some of the jour-
nals that the National Guard had received orders
from Casimir Perier to fire upon the people—but
this is not true. I have spoken to several of the
National Guards on the subject, and they all deny
having received any orders of the kind. Amongst
others I spoke to one of the officers, and he assured
me, that so far from having any such orders, they
were strictly enjoined not to use any violence.
During the tumult on Thursday night, some of the
mob cried out, " Long live the line, you are of the
people, come and join us !" " Yes, lam of the
people," cried an old sergeant of the line, " and
you are not ; there are the people," added he,
pointing to the National Guard. " Ten months
have passed away since the revolution of July,
and every month has been charastised by a com-
motion, and, what is singular enough, they have
generally lasted three days ; we have, therefore,
had thirty days of commotion in Paris since the
day when Louis Philip accepted the throne to save
the country from anarchy ! There seems to be
Tome invincible power which pushes the social sys-
tem towards disorganization. Ordonnances and
proclamations of police, charges of cavalry, pa-
troles of national guards, arrestations and bad treat-
ment, do not appear to have been effectual. On
the smallest occasion- -on the least pretext, commo-
tion appears again fresher, more lively, more turbu-
lent—when the phantom is believed be evaporated. it
appears again with renewed vigour, and all the
work is to do again. There is a restless spirit
abroad amongst the people in Paris. Much dis-
tress prevails owing to the want of confidence, and
every fresh display of feeling causes the capitalists
to draw their purse-strings close, and instead of
the distress being alleviated it is augmented, and
it is useless to preach patience to a hungry man.
The committee of taste has decided upon the statue
of Napoleon, which is to ornament the trophy of his
victories. He will appear in the well-known short
frock-coat, and the equally renowned small cocked
bat. In this instance the committee have decided with
judgment, in bringing Napoleon before the public
in the costume in which it has been accustomed to
see him, instead of being disguised in a Roman
toga. The statue Is to be placed
iler:o on the column on
the Ist of January next. is little news from
the met of Mir, or from Italy ; but I see that Maria

, tarocu ar• 11.8. M •••••=
without energy, c
, • ont force. The e
I, 1 powerful enough t
the Government i
social body from
;l' " When will thi
I just milieu has pr
qi tue country ; the i
tend to know wha
republic. France
to look back, but I
Le Journal des
interferes on beim
' 111
must be restored
1 Guards who, as sc
, i,/ as electors, preys
. i 1 who will strength
t,

but
the
.tny
get
ired

I remain your's, Sec.

J. L.

Louisa has issued a decree, by which she deliversl
to the rigour of the laws all those who have taken
any part in the insurrection. She forgets that she
is the widow of Napoleon. Report speaks loudly
in praise of the person of the Ex-Empress of Brazil,
and the memory of her father appears to render
her an object of touching interest to the French,
while the Emperor is a butt for satire. I enclose
the Journals, and will inform you to-morrow whe-
ther we continue in a land of peace.

The Government directs at this moment upon
Paris a great number of regiments, and particu-
larly those which it believes contains officers the
most devoted to the doctrines of the just medium.
These regiments will be found assembled here to-
wards the beginning of July ; they will augment
to 26,000 men the garrison of the capital. Thus,,
there is confidence full and entire in the protesta-
tions between sweet and sour of the kings of the
holy alliance ; confidence in Austria, confidence in
Prussia, confidence even in Talleyrand ; but mis-
treat of the patriots to whom they owe all. What
a system I—La Revolution.
News of great importance has just arrived from
Warsaw. The Ukraine has risen entirely ; Mo-
hilow and several other cities have revolted against
the Emperor. The following are the motives to which
are attributed that revolution : the Court of Russia,
informed that the nobles of the Ukraine were plot-
ting a conspiracy to render themselves independent,
gave secretly orders to the Greek priests to insi-
nuate to the peasantry to shake off their lords.
Those who had entered into the plot, immediately
gave liberty to their peasants, and assigned them
land and property. The enthusiasm has become
general. Both thel ords and the peaaantry,have sworn
to perish for independence. Gen. Chlapowsky
has already united around him 36,000 insurgents.
It is not known what Diebitsch has done. Some
think that he is in pursuit of Gielgud; others say
that he was wounded at the affair of Ostrolenka.—
That which is certain is, that the peasants have
reported, that after the battle they perceived a
litter, escorted by several squadrons and generals,
who had their heads bare. It was also supposed
that it might be the Grand Duke Michael.—The
insurrection of the Ukraine will have great results.
No province is more fertile in corn, nor abounds
more in horses; and it reaches nearly to Wallachia
and Moldavia, where exists all the germs of revo-
lution."—La National.

This moment we have received the news that
Colonel Sierakowaki, supported by the patriots,
has had, near Marianpol, with a numerous corps of
Russians, a battle, as bloody as that of Ostrolen-
ka, with this difference, that it has been more
favourable to us. It is said that that city was,
taken twice by our troops, and twice retaken by
the Russians : at last, in a third attack, the Poles
seized Marianpol, and remained masters of it.—
Gazette Polonaise.

Extract from the letter of a German physician,
dated Warsaw, May 30th :—" These last days, I
have been called to Prep, the corps of the army
of the Generalissimo having prompt need of medi-
cal succour. I have seen the formidable entrench-
ments of Praga. Without the sacrifice of an en-
tire army, the Russians cannot get possession of it;
and what a spot fer repose and refreshment is of-
fered in that place to the fatigued soldiers !
There they will find all which they reqnire, whilst
the Russian troops are obliged to encamp in de-
stroyed villages, and threatened with being de-
prived of necessary provisions. In the camp
before Warsaw, there are nearly six thousand
sick and wounded ; but it is not the cholera
which occupies us the most—that engages us
but little, in comparison with nervous fevers
and inflammation of the intestines. Many of the
physicians have fallen sick. However, here every
body is arranged as if the enemy were already
before the gates. All Warsaw is mined, and
they can blow up each street one after another.
In every barricade, there are placed cannon, and
the arsenal is filled with grenades, grape shot and
bombs. There neither fails ammunition nor
money. I have seen, near Praga, several sol-
diers fourteen years of age, and decorated. In
all the villages which we have traversed, the
old and the young are exercising themselves in
arms, and never will any Russian army sur-
prise them ; for near each village, upon all the
elevated points, there are large piles of straw,
which will be set fire to at the approach of the
enemy. The inhabitants will retreat, until they
find themselves sufficiently strong to resist ; and
they will voluntarily abandon their cottages, where
there is not much to be lost. General Chlapowski
has already taken the Russian city of Bilsk, and
effected his junction with the Lithuanian in-
surgents. Gie/gud has cut off the corps of Sacken
from the grand Russian army, and he will be now
near Raigrod. Thus, that General operates on the
left, and Chlapowski on the right, in order to
spread the insurrection as much as possible.
VI EN NA, JUNE 9.—" The King of the French
has written with his own hand to the Emperor of
Austria, to demand pardon for General Zucchi.
The Emperor of Austria has replied with his own
hand to the King of the French, that justice will
follow its ordinary course. General Zucchi was
condemned to death, and if his punishment has
been commuted, it is not out of respect to the re-
commendation of the King of the French. For a
long time the Emperor of Austria has not allowed
the execution cf those condemned for political of-
fences ; he is content by allowing them to remain
in the dungeons of Spielberg, where they suffer
the long agony of rigorous imprisonment.
PIEDMONT.—TURIN, JUNE 10.—The King
has, it is said, announced that he will imitate the
example of the King of Naples, on the 4th of No-
vember, the day of his fete, that is to say, give an
amnesty to the men who have yet five months to
suffer. Our illusions, relative to the sympathy
which the new King appeared to nourish for France,
begins to evaporate ; those who visit at Court, as-
sure us that Charles-Albert is even more than his
predecessor attached to the Austrian Cabinet. It
is certain that all the avowed partisans of Austria
are in great favour at Court.
BOASSELI3, JUNE 15..•-.(PRIVATE COREES-
PON DENCE).—The news of the revolution of Am-
sterdam is not confirmed. During the suspension
of the Sitting of the Congress, there was circulated
letter, addressed from London, to M. Vallez, Se-

cretary-General of Marine, by M. Vandeweyer, in
which be said that we must not put faith in all the
journals said upon the refusal of Prince Leopold,
and upon the occupation of Belgium by the Pow-
rr+• M. Vandeweyer says that the Commissioners

have set the greatest hope in the acceptance of the
Prince, and in the arrangement of the affairs of
Belgium, to the general satisfaction. To-morrow
the Ministry will publish a Journal, which will be
entitled the Belgian Moniteur.
The project of placing Prince Leopold upon the
throne of Belgium is found to be a work of so
much difficulty, that it may be looked upon as
nearly abandoned by the five great Powers. Never-
theless, the Conference of London, and principally
the representatives of France and England at that
Conference, feel that it becomes urgent to termi-
nate the affair of Belgium, in order that they may
at last occupy themselves with Poland, of which
the re-establiabment concerns them, not only as

' an act of high justice, but as the most powerful gua-
rantee, and the most solid, that can be obtained in
order to maintain the peace of Europe. It ap-
pears that the impossibility of finding another prac-
ticable combination has a little reconciled England
and Prussia with the idea of the union of Belgium
and France. However, they would still put in
execution of that project avaricious conditions ;
amongst others, that the fortresses should be de-
molished, they would declare Antwerp a free port
and city. We believe that the Conference of Lon-
don will take, before the end of the month, a defi-
nitive resolution, on the subject of that combination
for the arrangement of the affairs of Belgium."—
Le National.

THE EVENING STAR.

LONDON.
_.....__
MONDAY. JUNE 20.

It is now said to be ascertained, in the best in-
formed political circles, that no amendment will be
moved to the Address in the House of Lords ; and
that no opposition will be made to the Reform
Bill, till after the measure shall be introduced into
the House of Peers.

Despatches from Warsaw have been received
this day at the Foreign Office, dated the 4th inst.
at which time the Russian and Polish armies re-
mained in statu quS ; but an important battle was
hourly expected.

We present to-day to the readers of the STAR,
a selection of extracts from the Papers we have
received from our Correspondent in Paris, in
which will be observed some articles of import-
ant intelligence, to which we think it our duty
to direct the special attention of our readers, as
we feel persuaded they are not to be found in
the columns of any of our evening cotemporaries.
The most interesting among the paragraphs to
which we refer are, Ist. an extract from Le Na-
tional, giving an account of an insurrection in
the Ukraine ; 2nd. an extract from La Gazette
Polonnaise, stating that a victory had been ob-
tained by the Polish Officer, SIEDAICODULI, at
Mariampol ; and 3d. an interesting extract from
the letter of a German Physician at Warsaw,
giving a curious and highly satisfactory account
of the present state of that Capital.
In our City article there is a report mentioned
of the death of General Diebitsch ; and although
that report may not be true to the letter, it is ob-
servable that the serious indisposition of that Gene-
ral is mentioned in one of the paragraphs we have
above referred to; and in likewise our extracts
from the Foreign Papers, which have reached us by
the German Mails of this morning.
From the extract of a Brussels letter, published
in Le National, it will be seen that the acceptance
of Prince LEOPOLD is not yet despaired of in that
, city ; and, in the political cbales of London, we
have occasion to halve. that it is ossistntood
that Prince LEOPOLD will accept the Belgic °rank

on certain conditions :—viz. that his

of the sovereignty shall be sanctioned by the five
great Powers, and that the boundary line shall be
forthwith established.

In thus giving a kind of index raironnie of
our exclusive intelligence, we must not omit to call
the attention of our Readets to the private letter
of our correspondent, describing the unfortunately
precarious tranquillity of the French Capital.

Disturbances, and popular excitement, distin-
guish Paris at this moment just as in the periods of
the Revolution, and in July last year; and those
who have watched the history of France since 1789
consider them as forerunners of changes, which
will bring the Revolution of 1830 within the true
object of its own principles. The Ministers in
the mean time, are not inactive, and their Journals
give different colours to the causes of disturbance;
but that discontent must be very general which leads
thousands to assemble, what a waishmaker
beats a ballad-singer, or when some men bad
collected who wanted work.
Proclamations of the Ministers flatter and
CORE the National Guard, but LAFATETTS
has undone the effect of these by a little,
charging the BIN° with bad faith ; and the
Government seem to have passed the Rubicon in
searching the house of Gen. Dusouao, a man
very popular with the army, and a personal con-
nection of LAFAYETTE. Many arrests, too, have
taken place, and among them some of public cha-
racters. How much more trouble is often taken
to persevere in wrong, than at once to do right !
We observe that Lord GRANVILLE has come
home ; and that on his arrival, be had an immediate
interview with the Secretary for Foreign Affairs.
A grand political dilater given yesterday, by the
Marquis of Loa DONDLEIRT, may be considered as
the rallying of the Boronglimongers, and as proof
that the victory of the people will not be achieved
without a struggle. The Journals have been coax-
ing, flattering, and threatening ; but the party is,
it seems, not to be diverted from its object, and

01

the late Elections ere, we suppose, only to be re-
garded u skirmishes, before the great Legislative
Contest. There were present at this rendezvous,
the Dukes of CUMBERLAND, GLOUCYJITSR, Goa

DON, NEWCASTLE, and BEAUFORT ; the MU-
guinea of SALISBURY, AYLESBURY, CHANDOS,
EXETER, and HERTFORD ; the Earls of MAYO,
CA RN ARVON, WESTMORELAND, FALMOUTH,
ELDON, DE LA WARR, LIMERICK, VERULAM,
LONSDA LE, WILTON, ABERDEEN. JERSEY,
MANSFIELD, CHESTERFIELD, KINNOUL, and
BROW NLOW ; Viscounts STRANOFORD and STOR-
MOUNT ; Lords WHARTICLIFFE, LYNDHURST,
MA RTBOROUOH, BERESFORD, COMEERMERE,
FORRESTER, and BRUDENELL ; Sirs, ROBERT
PEEL, CHARLES WETHERELL, H. HARDING!,
ROGER GRESLY, and J. BECKETT ; Messrs.
SA DLER, WATSON TAYLOR, HERRIES, W.
PEEL, DAWSON, BARING, ARBUTHNOT, and
TREVOR. This looks warlike and portentous, and
the large assemblage of Peers proves that their
Lordships will run all hazards to maintain their ac-
quired ascendancy. But hoWever firm they may
be, they will find MILLIONS as firm as themselves,
and that as the people know their rights, they will
assert and maintain them. They are fortunate,
too, in an alliance with patriotism in their SOVE-
REIGN ; and it will be at once hard and strange,
if KING and people are beaten by a few wrong-
headed Peers.

While this was passing in Park-lane, fourteen
of the Cabinet held a three-hours sitting at the
Foreign Office, when we may presume the Kiwo's
Speech was finally prepared, and measures adapted
to conduct the Parliamentary campaign with suc-
cess. In all respects yesterday, though Sunday,
was a day of very active political agitation ; and the
town never was fuller of anxious politicians of all
parties, most of whom were in full activity.

To-day " the conscript-fathers of the land"
begin their labours, and all eyes are upon them.
What are to be their measures is the universal
question—while some qualify it by a wha t can,
and others by a what will ? Will they throw off
political economy—are we still to be the dupes
•nd victims of equivoques and conundrums, worthy
only of Thomas Aquinas or Dun Scotus
s the age of absurdity only to change its subjects
and phrases ? Are we, for a thousand years. to
be cheated by sophistry, till logic is hated like law
or physic? Are we to be told of surplus popula-
tion as an excuse for having put the people
out of the means of subsistence ? Are we
to be told of the delusive character of
paper currency, while we have to pay the
debts of a paper system ? Are we to be told that
it would be a political sin to relieve a portion of the
starving population, lest charity should be • bad
example ? Are we to be told thatpuniaissasnt ought
to precede redress of grievances, lest the people
should be insolent, and make unreasonable demands?
Are we to be told that the unbearable extortions
of the truck-system are to continue, that em-
ployers may buy labour on terms which best
suit themselves ? Are we to be told that the'
Sturgess-Bourne system is to be maintained because
liberality to the poor only encourages idleness ?
Are we to be told that no system for regulating
wages in branches of trade ought to be resorted
to, because it would interfere with the free-
dom of Masters and work people to quarrel
as often as they please ? Are we to be
told, that for the sake of unrestrained
trade, we ought to admit freely the manufac-
tures of Foreigners, while they admit none of
oes! Age we to close the markets against our
manufactures in corn-growing countries, because
we calculate on some remote advantage by pro-
hibiting duties on corn ? Are we to con-
tinue to collect taxes from capital and in-
dustry, instead of the profits of trade, and
the usufruct of land ? Are Exchequer bills
and Government securities to be kept afloat in
competition for employment of capital, against the
securities of trade and private enterprise ? Is the
Lim of Arrest to be continued, es a harvest to
-4416 of the law? Are the Bankrupt Laws to

be opposed to the facilities of mutual arrangements
between debtors and a majority of their creditors ?
Are Close Corporations to be allowed to confer
authority and influence on servility, in exclusion
of independence and intelligence? Are taxes and
fees on law proceedings to be continued, in ob-
struction of right and justice ? Is Britain, with its
halo of assumed glory and unquestionable power,
to look passively at the oppressions of nations
by the Holy Alliance ? The answers to these
questions in the progressive decisions of Parliament
will decide the people in regard to their success in

Abe late elections, in which they displayed public
virtues which ought not to be baffled, and which
we trust will have their reward.

- ROYAL EXCHANGE, ONE O'CI.OOK.
The French Funds having come higher, has
caused a little improvement in our funds this morn-
ing. Consols which left off on Saturday at 83 for
the account, opened at the same price, since which
they have been done at 839.
The Speculators are now anxiously waiting for
a perusal of his Majesty's Speech to-morrow.
THREE O'CLOCK.
854cx Exczawaxe—Bank Stock, 1151 P. Three per
Cent. Red. 821 1. Three per Ct. Com shut. Three and
a Hall per Cent. ism 891. Thou 551 a Half per Cr.
Red. 901 90. Three and a Half per Cent. New, shut.
Four per Ct. 1556. 99 81. Linzektsi . Jan. 1950, 161.
Annuities, Oct. 1860, —. India —; ditto Bonds,
par 1 prem. £lOO9 Exchequer 2111% 1 10 ; £BOO ditto,
10 12 ; 2100 and MM dUs U IS; Advertised,
Consols foe Account, 151 11. •

We. have this momesia report en 'Change by
the Dutch !gamer arrived, that General Diebitscb
is dead. No further particulars transpired u yet.

DOVER, JUNE 19.

His &tenancy the Right Hon. Lord Granville, His Ma.
jetty's Ambassador at Paris ; the Hon. L. Gower ; and
Mr. Stuart, Private Secretary, landed this morning at half
past seven, from His Majesty's post-office packet Crusader,
Captain Lyce, from Calais. His Lordship was cotnpli.
matted with a salute from the garrison on the Heights, on
the packet's entering the harbour, and on disembarking was
received by a guard of honour of the Rine brigade. His

Excellency, alter taking breakfast at Wright•s Hotel, left
Dover immediately for London.

In the steam-vessel arrived le Viseomte D'Arehall, and
about twenty other ppseengerv.—Sore rioting had happened
in Paris, within these last 20 days, in the evening, with
some idle rabble, but not of any moterial import.

NAVAL INTBLLIGENCE.
FALMOUTH, SATURDAY, 'trim 18, 1831.
Friday, 17th June, wind &S. W.—Arrived the Neapo-
litan brig Pluto, Peeclo, from Barletta, 80 days, for orders;
the Neapolitan brig Aurora, Dories, from Ancona, 81 days,
foe seders ; Caroline, Cooke, from Plymouth ; the Thames
(alasiaer) Donnan, from Dublin ; the Union, Davies, from
lam ; and the Daniell, Champion, from Plymouth, for St.
Jim's, Newfoundland, with loss of foremast. bowsprit, main
topmost, sails, Arc. carried away off the Land's-end this
manning.—Sailed, the Falmouth. Nicholas, for London,
and the Thames (steamer), Donnan, for London.
Saturday, 18th, wind S.S. W.—Arrived the Ellen, For-
ster, from Smyrna, 45 days, for orders; the Felicity, Cecil,
from Burletta, for orders; the Neapolitan, brig Fortunate,
Arriodes, from Messina, for orders; the Active, Witty, and
the Cambrea, Bosuatow, from London ; also His Majesty's
Packet, Magnet, Lieutenant James (acting), from Lisbon,
with Mails, sailed 12th June; 10th June, put back to Lis-
bon, the Ellen Jenkinson, of Liverpool, with loss of jib-
boom, having run down a Spanish Brigantine off the Rock
of Lisbon : 12th, off the Rock, found a French squadron,
consisting of 1 frigate, 2 corvettes, and a brig, with 2 mer-
chant ships in company, apparently Portuguese.—No
Settings.
His Majesty's packet Spey, James, for the Havannah and
Vera Cruz, and
His Majesty's packet Pigeon, left Blaney for the Lea
ward Islands, both with mails, are waiting for a fair wind to
proceed.
The Magnet has arrived here to-day from Lisbon, being.
ing letters up to the 12th. They do not contain any thing
new of importance: the required satisfaction at that date, had
not been given to the French. Don Miguel was in the city,
deliberating with his Ministry relative to their claims, but
had come to no successful conclusion. A force was fitting
out in the Tagus, consisting clone line of battle ship, three
frigates, three brigs, and two corvettes. It was supposed
they were destined to act against Terceira.
the French squadron were off the Rock of Lisbon' and
still active in making reprisals, having altogether taken
nineteen Portuguese ships, which had been sent to France.

CHOLERA MORRO&

[We have received the following letter from a
Physician, who bat long made the varieties of the
atmosphere, his peculiar study •]
TO THE EDITOR OF THE STAR.

Star, June 10, 1831.
During the present alarm about cholera morbus. a few
remarks, founded on many years observation and experience,
may not be either useless nor uninteresting to the public.
conveyed through the medium of your widely-circulated and
able paper.
After having examined a great deal of evidence on both
sides the question, I am induced to say, that cholera Nor-
bus is, like other popular or epidemic diseases, the product
of a peculiar state of the atmosphere, and depends, for its
varieties, on some hitherto undiscovered quality of the air
in those districts where It prevails. In all cases of epide.
mica, we most ermaider two circumstances as necessary to
their production.
1. The mosbifie stimulant, which I believe to ruble be
the air, and, Idly, the predisponent causes whisk lie hid,
in the particular constitutions of the individual Slams.
If we did not take this proposed cause into consideration, it
would be difficulty to account for the fact that same
wholly escape ha attacks; others suffer but little, send a taw
are carried off by a seven and irremediable visitation of the
complaint. These peallembig causes are weelliess, and
keWhi■epd Medfield,* system, and some oat poodles
drairosso at amstitatioe, which have as yet bawl the
ramanie dphydsime. 'no previous, either akiessleme
or momplemt,blhile at the pedant, contribute, no daubs, to
Nth* or wgparatedie a/Ift of the disorder t and et a
time when he elelentles is mmethendell hem itsbeing pee.
Yakut in the usliklemdisak 1 amid rimmemed the mesh
frequent simple demo ot sprig and etemashie meadow,
Vale diet, rvPhr Men, ding and the
purer air of the sasesleg, scathelllprellif in me the
only preparative awes of modest drat could bo on
all pretended spoils medisines, appear to me be tale dis-
order to be of nab avail, Wave she actual attack of the
disorder.

It is a fact, which I hese ascertained, that many awn-
the /i2liititp to be o be infecte ate oliod
s contagion
le s,
°r,
in' eother
words,
le
is increased by protttty to or cordon with an infected
person. And this fact will explain the contradictory evi-
dence produced by those who do, and those who do not
maintain the doctrine of contagion. In fact. both are to a
certain degree right ; because both causes, namely, epidemia
and contagio, are In joint eperstlca at once. This is as
agreeable to reason and seed phlhophy, as it is to positive
experience; for the very acme infection of the atmosphere,
which primarily excites the disease, would appear capable
of being increased in power by the pestiferous effluvia arising
from any to number of homed persons.
Ina which I published some years ago, " Cht the
Atanspherisil 12/rigin of ilpietentiee, . 1 clearly established
this fact, as applicable to pestilential disorders in general ;
and I repeat it now, in order that the indubitable proofs
which we have obtained, of the atmospherical origin of such
diseases, should not induce us to forego any of those ex-
aliens measures of precaution, which prudence has hitherto
suggested to the medical councils of Europe. In further•
ince atheist views, 1 have to offer the following observations
founded on experience and reflection s
1. Persons who live high should take aperient medicines
periodically ; and those whose bowels arc costive, or who
are liable to disorders of the digestive organs. should take
care to rectify the same by some gentle alterative, when any
epidemic is abroad. The best medicines for this purpose
are, pius composed of a grain of calomel. three :twine of
the extract of aloes, and one eighth part of a grain of
Safaris:eel antimony ; taken twice or thrice a week; with
light diet, and cooling. Indeed those who are healthy,
would feel great benefit from such an alterative course, par-
ticularly in summer.
2. The periodical fasts and abidance', which originated
with our ancestors, and are founded on the wisest physiolo-
gical maxims, have • great tendency to keep the body in
health; and it must be owing to this cause, that Catholic
countries are less violently scourged by many pestilential
epidemics than countries in which perpetual repletion has
exhausted the vital energies of the rich and luxurious inha-
bitants: while perpetual poverty and want has enfeebled
the constitutions of the poor. The salutary interchanges of
fasting ani feasting are a powerful preservation against die.
ease, front their alterative characters, and their breaking in
upon the morbid tendencies of the constitution.
3. ventilation is a great preservative, and is terribly
neglected in Europe, while in Asia it is always resorted to.
All apartments should be ventilated at the top, anti the
3y-wheels, called ventilation, are a very useful invention ;
in time of sickness in particular.
4. Smoking is highly useful ; and I have constantly no-
ticed, during the prevalence of fevers of any kind, partial.
lady typhus, that those poor families are comparatieely
free from disorder, whose cottages are always scented by the
fumes of their smoking inmates. It has been, therefore.
my constant practise to recommend to the pool labourer the
salutary consolation of his pipe and tobacco ; but by no
means to suffer it to beguile him into the baneful custom of
excessive drinking. However, I am convinced that a little
good wine now and then, indents brandy, is leis injurious
to the constitution, and does lees pernaltent mischief, than
the lean excess in eating. There are swap old drunkards i
but Mere are few aged ;Meow ! —sod a surplus of animal
food is found, by examination of history std of facts, to
predispose to epidemics, and to shown life itself, in a much
greaterd than aceasioual inebriety t though both an
cortainlyer
1 obeerved that the vegetable latesioa, as gentian,
ban, and ethers, have a testeeative quail not
Ws, se lee little htteetied to. bt these days of
" wad tembsey sad thee the medicine
aim*, pshisi sot le eve by eeent, le ash
teejrzell4zilmw, wigs the dens mate it
itoryeleles.
ad yawn Indy,
T. F.

CALEDONIAN ASYLUM.
On Friday evening the Anniversary Festival of .this rta.
ritable laiWtutlon was held at the FfeelMetlelle Tavc-•,.
Oust Queen-street, and in the absence of the Duke of $ • • -
sex, who is the patron of the Society, Lurd James Stu et
presided.
The object of this institution, which is closely efiliesetist
with the Highland Society, is to afford education end so• -
Mance to the orphans of such Scotehmen as bass Illub .1
their country as soldiers or sailors, and the appearance of Cie
children in the room fully evinced that great care was tak
of their comfort and wellbeing.
The cause of the Society was ably advocated by the Ch
man and other gentkmen in the course of the evening, and
the subscriptions that were announced, though riot numerous.
showed that the Institution had sonic staunch friends am.•ng
the Scotch residents in London.
The healthy and refreshing sight of the children appeared
to afford general satisfaction to all present ; and the evening
was spent in general hilarity, to which the professional ab h.
ties of Messrs. Broadhurst, Chapman, Fitzwilihtin, and
Jolly, not a little contributed.