Star.
London, England, 1831-04-04 00:00:00

MONDAY EVENING, APRIL 4, IS:31.

STATEMENT OF THE POOR, &c. OF LAMBETH,

PRICE 7n.

administration oppresses every part of these fine Italian
provinces, in order to extract the gold, which it incessantly
throws into the treasury of Vienna—a species of vessel of
the Dannides, which all the money of Italy would be insuf-
!•ficient to fill. The Austrian Proteus-like police, sometimes
in its regular uniform, at the church or at the theatre, and
sometimes under the livery of the valet or the embroidery of
the master, in the chair of the professor or in the pulpit of
the preacher, is to be found in all assemblies and seated at all
tables. Switzerland is to Lombardy what France is to Pied-
mont—a dangerous neighbour. The Austrian government,
carefully guarding all the avenues, fearing that the prin-
ciples of liberty may find a passage, has established against
their invasion a species of cordon sanitaire. The canton
of Tessin ie menaced with an approaching invasion. The
extent of the Lombardo Venetian kingdom is 17,800
square miles, the population 4,930.000 ; it is from this
population that Austria receives annually the enormous
stun of 122,000,000 francs, and that it levies an army
of 50,000 men, torn from their native country,
to be dispersed through the garrisons of Hungary.- -
New troops are arriving every (lay in Lombardy. Pr(viotis
to the late revolution it was the intention of Austria tu as-
semble 180,000 men ; recent events have only served to for-
tify that resolution. _

The Piedmontese and the Lombards sympathise ; their
cause is the same , both are good soldiers. Napoleon, who
knew them, rendered them that justice. South of the Po
are two small duchies, which Austria considers as annexed
to Its kingdom of Lombardy, and a sort of Roman province
where it keeps a garrison. The population of the duchies of
Parma and Modena do nut exceed nine hundred thou-
sand. Placentia. the second city in point of population
of the duchy of Parma, is militarily occupied by the Ails'.
trians ; and, as at Milan, the cannon are mounted on the
Place Publique. The population, Lombard in its character
and habits, is still regulated with regard to its civil interests
by the Code Napoleon. In the Duchy ofModena, the Duke,
a man of Austria and of the Jesuit,, directs all the acts, all the
measures of his government, against intelligence and wealth;
the civil and criminal regulations, every thing, are subject
to the regime of his good pleasure. Greedy of money, the
Duke has made confiscation the order of the day. At Reggio,
a town comprised in the events of 1820, there does not exist
a family which has not been struck in the persons of some
of its members. The model of a tyrant, the Duke Francis
d'Este seems to make on his 450,000 subjects the experi-
ment of every kind of oppression, and in his States every
palace, every house, is a species of isolated prison, the satel-
lites of which prohibit the entrance of any member of the
family. The social ties have also been broken at Massa and
Cassara, as well as at Reggio ; and as at Modena a veil of
mourning extends through the whole duchy.
Tuscany, separated from the north of Italy by the chain
of the Appennines, form the point of the passage from Aus-
trian Italy to Italian Italy, sliming with one its manners,
and with the other its government, the model of a supporta-
Me despotism, or the arbitrary mode, with forms ; but a pre-
carioas State, which has no other guarantee than the indivi-
dual character of the Grand Duke. Didier says rightly,
that the Tuscans are free like the deer in a park, provided
they do not take it into their heads to go away from the en-
closure, where it might be difficult for the lord to enjoy the
chace by hunting them.
The population of Tuscany is about 1,300,000, the extent
of the country is 6,300 square miles, the revenue 17,000,000
francs ; 4,000 soldiers compose the whole army of the Grand
Duke.

The greatest, the finest, and most fertile country of the
peninsula, the kingdom of the two Sicilies, occupies the east
shores of Italy ; 7,420,000 inhabitants cover an extent of
31,800 square miles. The annual revenue is 84,000,000
francs, which serve to support 30,000 bad soldiers, an ad-
ministration much worse, and a blind despotism, from
which every denunciation, even if anonymous, obtains cre-
dit which imprisons exiles, upon suspicion, and causes to roll
upon the scaffold the head of every one accused, for let him
be declared innocent by a solemn judgment, or absolved
from all criminality, yet Matheis, the intendant of Cala-
bria, convicted of having, to serve his vengeance, suborned
false witnesses, v.ill in secret inflict horrible tortures and kill
his prisoners. Thus, in the times of Acton and Caroline, a
state junta, composed of tools, pronounced with closed doom,
upon the fate of the accused aho were never confronted with
their accusers, whose names tue kept secret. In this un-
fortunate kingdom the confessional is erected into au inqui-
sition ; conscience is subjected to tot ture ; every penitent
must not only denounce himself, but still more, denounce his
friends and his relations, nor can absolution be obtained but
at this price. Since 1821, the kingdom of the Two Sici-
lies has been subjected to this atrocious system. Unfortu-
nate is the nation conquered in its contest with power.
Between the kingdom of Naples and the Grand Duchy
of Tuscany, on a surface of 13,000 square miles, vegetates,
and begs, a pauper population of 2,600,000 souls, under
the sword of 6,000 soldiers obedient to the voice of priests,
who every year know how to extract from this misery
6,000,000 Roman crowns. One city only, Bologna, was'
conciliated, because it was feared by Rome, and because'
the word liberty, twice traced on the arms of the city, is
deeply engraveu in the hearts of the Bolognese. This melan-
choly Papal royalty has dug in the centre of Italy a deep
abyss, in which the liberties and the civilization of a nation of
twenty millions of people are engulphed, nor can theyextricate
themselves from it till the abyss has been filled up by means
of the annihilation of that temporal power, from which the
spiritual power of the Pope ought ever to be disengaged and
purged. This epuration is not only the wish and the want
of Italy, it is also the want and the wish of Catholic Eu-
rope ; even Austria herself has constantly manifested it ;
faithful t her old Gibelline enmities, it is to lake alone
that she confides the care of her temporal security in the
Lombardo Venetian kingdom : she doe, not permit the clergy
to transgress the limits of their spiritual attributes.
Two influences prevail in Italy—that of France, and that
of Acstria. Through one, under the influence of the mildest
climate, and with the most fertile soil, Italy is without ma-
nufactures, in the midst of all the elements of industry
—without commerce, between two seas, bordered by ports,
roads, gulfs, and isles of refuge—without political existence,
though having a population of 20,000,000 intelligent and
!nave people ; through the other, she would rapidly re-ascend
to those times when, toe instructress of the rest of Europe,
astonishing, and vivifying by her opulence and intelligence,
Italy held the sceptre of commerce, of science, literature,
and the arts.

TIII: (111,ItC11.

Oxronn, Aentt. 2 —PaErcaurnTa.—The Rev. W. 31.'0 All
13. D. late Fellow of Baliol College, to Ott I{,Actory of Chickeick
setshire. Patron—Lord Bolton.

The Rcv. Henry Playsted Jeston, M A. of Worcester College. late
Minister of Savannah Grunde, Trinidad, hc. been licensed, lit the Lord
Bishop of Lincoln, to the PesKtual Curacy of Chembury.
The Rev. Waahbourn UvAale, B.A. Vicar of Markby and Kit imtiti,
Lincolnshire, to the Vicarage of B:issold, near Hornersile, v,catit ht
the death of the Rev. Wm. tlounaey. Patron, C. Tumor, E-ti
The Rev. R. Tomes. B.A. has been instituted to the ..f
Coughton, in the county of Warwick, and d Acne of Worcester. v ,h 1
by the death of F. Gottwaltz, Clerk, the last incumbent. Patro I, pru
hoe vice, T. Bowles. Esq. of llilton frill, Berks.
The Rev. A. M'Donald to the Vicara/e of Cotterstock with til u -
thorne, Northamptonshire, vacant by the death of the Rev.
Hitchens. Patron, the Right Hon. the Earl of Wetmoreland.
The Rev. J. Bartholomew to the Rectory of Morcliard
von, void by the death of the Rev. C. ii. Tuckfield.
The Rev. J. Flockton, B.A. to the Vicarage of Sharborne, Norfolk.

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