Star.
London, England, 1831-06-10 00:00:00

REVOLUTION IN BRAZIL.

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Intelligence has arrived from Brazil of the most
important character, being no less than the abdica-
tion of the Emperor Don Pedro, the appointment
of a Regency on behalf of his son, under the title
of Don Pedro 11. and a total change of the sys-
tem of government in that country : in fact, as
it would appear, a Revolution, and that effected
with the most extraordinary rapidity. This news
has been brought to England by a vessel called
the Daphne ; no letters by which have yet
ren:bed town, but it has been communicated by
a gentleman who came as passenger in her, and
who proceeded to town be express. It is right
to mention this, because the circumstance has
•aused doubts to be thrown in some quarters on the
information, but we see no reason for participating
in those doubts. The gentleman is well known to
some of the moat respectable house 3 in the city,
and without any motive for inventing a story of
this sort, which is full of details consistent with
what we already know, and, besides, is full and
c;icunistatitial in regard to dates and names. His
!variative is as follows:

The Daphne sailed from Rio de Janeiro on the
17th of April, three days after the packet The
public mind in Rio had been for more than a mouth
previously in a state of much excitement, owing to
the tumults which occurred at the time of the Em-
peror's return from the mining districts. He was
accused very openly of favouring his Portuguese
subjects in regard to those tumults, and the utmost
acrimony existed consequently between them and
the native Brazilians. The Emperor was almost
threatentd in an address presented by some of the
members of the Chamber of Deputies, that a con-
tinuation of this partiality might induce them to
take the government into their own hands. In
this state of the public feeling, Don Pedro pro-
ceeded, on the sth of April, to appoint a new
ministry, consisting of the following persons :
Marquis of BA EPENDY. Finance.
ARA CATY, Foreign Affairs.
ALCAN r ARA, Justice.
LA GES, War.
PA RA NA G UA, Marine.
These appointments were so unpopular, that as
soon as they were known the disaffected broke out
into open tumults, and attacked the palace. Don
Pedro calltd on the military to protect him;
and gave orders to fire on the people; but with
the exception of a very small number, the whole
of them laid down their arms. Thus deserted,
nothing remained for the Emperor but Bight.
He repaired with the Empress and a suite con-
sisting of very few persons, on board the Volage
frigate, commanded by Lord Colchester. On the
7th he issued a proclamation, declaring that he
abdicated the throne of Brazil in favour of his son,
a child only five years of age, whom he recom-
mended to the care of the nation. He is to bear,
it is said, the title of king only, but to be called

wing thrown every thing
capital, some steps be-

LONDON.
FRIDAY, JUNE 10.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
P. The able letter of our Constant Reader, " P," shall
appear to-morrow.

By private information from Poland, we learn
that the collective forces of SKRYZNKCKI in his
late expedition of the Narew, were 37,000. He
detached 12,000 of these, under CutoPowsKr
and GIELG VD into Lithuania, in the direction of
Augustowo and (irodno, and fought the battle at
the Bridge of Ostrolenka, with an estimated force
under 25,000 men.

In that battle he had 3,000 men put hors de
combat in killed, or desperately wounded : and he
lost one piece of cannon, but no colours.
The loss of the Russians was 9,000 men in
killed and wounded, left on the field, or drowned
in the dyke. The artillery effected little, except
at the bridge—the country on each side the river
being a dead flat, and marshy.
SKRYZNECKI brought to Praga, and its vicinity,
22,000 men in arms; and operations on the Bug, in
support of Usti xsx 1, and the Volhynians, were to
be promptly undertaken. At Warsaw, it is calcu-
lated, that DI EBITSCII will be too much occupied
by the Lithuanians to re-commence any move-
ments for the present, on the Warsaw side.
It has been reported, as was stated in yester-
day's STA a, with other exclusive matter from the
Paris Journals, that DIVERNECKI has been per-
mitted by the Austrian Government to return to
Poland ; but it is not yet confirmed.

A very extraordinary revolution has taken place
in Brazil, which leaves America without a single
monarchy. All the world are aware that when
NA POLEON invaded Portugal, the Portuguese Court
fled to their extensive colonies in the Brazils ; and
there have for twenty years affected royal state,
while in October, 1822, the King, Don PEDRO,
assumed the title of Emperor. This anomaly,
amidst enterprising republics, led to wars and do-
mestic conspiracies ; and at length it appears that
his Imperial Brazilian Majesty has succumbed, and
embarked for England, after experiencing the un-
certainty of reliance for power on hired soldiery.
His departure is, however, called a resignation in
favour of his infant son ; but the climate, the
habits, or the prejudices, of the Americans,
are so decidedly republican, that we may
consider this revolution as the termination of
the imperial dynasty of Brazil. The affair is preg-
nant with consequences ; for he has been the firm
ally of this country, and his vast territory is the
chief mart of our exports. Besides, he is likely
to unthrone MtcuEL, who merely claims prece-
dency over his niece, the Emperor's daughter, but
must now yield to the legitimate claims of his elder
brother. PEDRO is said to be on his voyage to Eng-
land, and as a small force %ill reinstate him and
the constitution which he granted, we may presume
it will not be withheld.

All this is very romantic, and will rank in his-
tory among amusing Royal adventures. His ar-
rival, too, is apropos ; for only two days ago we
recorded the capture of St. George's, or Graciosa,
one of the Western Azores, by his partizans, and
the prospect of their recovering the four islands
of that groups. If, therefore, be is disappointed
at the Court of London, those islands will be a
point d'appui for all loyal Portuguese ; and en-
lightened Europe will sympathize in his success,
if he is still a supporter of his own free Con-
stitution.

The French, too, are unwittingly aiding him ;
for it appears that their small squadron has been

sweeping the Tagus, and capturing all Portuguese
ships on voyage ; so that the fate of &Ilonal.
seems to be sealed.

1 The stern career of Law under the Special Com-
missions in Ireland, is exciting severe animadver-
sions from the popular press. Our feelings on such
subjects have been often expressed, and we deeply
lament the discordance of principles, professions,
and practices, which, on sundry occasions, have
marked the conduct of our Reforming Ministers !
We differ from them on one point—we put RE-
tms before punishment—but they put punish-
ment before what?—for as yet we have
heard of no plans of redress. Does their secret lie
in punishment and submission ? If so, it is no
discevery—it is as old as Asia and Africa!
From this gloomy and afflicting scene, we turn
to an analogous one in Italy, where the Italian Le-
gitimates, aided by Austrian police, are renewing
inglorious tragedies ala Carracioli. Special
Commissions are therefore in operation at both
extremities of Europe; and though the deeds of
both draw tears of pity from all who study them,
yet we are not surprised at one, and are much sur-
prised at the other. The human heart in common
life is best won by kindness, and redress of griev-
ances ; but, perhaps, by preferring inflictions,
statesmen judge of other men's hearts by their own.
We can reason only from what we know.
The names of M EN OTTI and BORELLI will rank
with those of CAR RA CIOLI , RUSSELL, and SID-
NEY, among martyrs of Liberty. Why does
Louis PHILIPPE. look on ? Pshaw ! Is not NA-
POLEON 11. at Vienna ?

Our PANORAMA of the Empire derives addi-
tional interest at this time, from the new popula-
tion returns, which we give as they transpire in the
local Papers. The cautionary provisions and pe-
nalties under which this fourth census is made,
will render the returns more perfect, and therefore
more numerous than the former ones. In this res-
pect, every one has been an enlargement ; for the
people hive each time been less jealous of any
taxing or other sinister purpose. From this cause,
the first returns were probably ten per cent. below
the real numbers, the second seven and a half,
and the last five per cent; while, perhaps, we
now have an approximation to real numbers. Those
rates per cent. added to every former return
would determine the real numbers, and five per
cent. to 1821, the real increase in 1831. As far
as the towns have appeared, the increase shows
the disease of society, in the undue growth of
towns and artificial employments—in some cases
thirty per cent. in ten years, and in general fifteen
and twenty per cent ; while in farming parishes
the increase runs only from one-half to five per
cent. and in some presents an actual decrease.
Hence, if five per cent. were added generally to
the last returns, there would be a general decrease
in agricultural parishes. In the parish of South-
minster, in Essex, for example, there is a numerical
decrease of 24, the present numbers being 1421,
and the numbers in 1821 being 1445; to which,
if five per cent. were added, or 72, the whole de-
crease would be 96.

So, also, at Chignall there is but an increase of
three on 220 ; at Great Burstead but 114 on 1975 ;
at Dunmow, but 53 on 2462 ; at Hatfield Broad
Oak, but 132 on 1825 ; at Rochford, hut 128 on
1520 ; at Roxwell, but 37 on 847 ; at Springfield,
but 138 on 1588 ; at Shenfield, but 46 on 665;
and at Witham, but 157 on 2735.
If, then, 5 per cent. were added, for under re-
turns in 1821, it would appear that there is a ge-
neral decrease rather than an increase in parishes
wholly, or nearly, agricultural.

In fact, as Deaths are a decreasing cause, op-
posed to Bi;tbs, as an increasing cause, doubling
can only take place every 250 years, without con
aidering the effect of pestilences in 250 years.
But be it observed, if mankind doubled only in
250 years, there would not have been on the
earth, at the Christian Era, above ten millions of
millions, and there was then that number in and
near Rome only; and in the age of SEsoBTille,
there could not have been 50,000 on the whole
earth, though his armies numbered one or two mil-
lions. Theories on this subject are, therefore, as
absurd and puerile, as monstrous and mischievous.
If mankind doubled every 30 years, as a certain
wise-acre would make appear, there would not
have been 50 families in England at the time of
the Norman Conquest.

We consider these observations as important,
because as many towns present increases of from
15 to 30 per cent. in ten years, certain lack-
a-daisy philosophers are already beginning to mo-
ralize, and even certain journalists are drawing in-
ferences not warranted by the whole of the facts ;
nor by an enlarged view of the subject. We have
the curse of enlarged towns, and all their vices
and miseries, and a country of large farms, where
the population cannot obtain subsistence.

In the " Spirit of the Journals," in this day's
STAR, will be found a passage from the Times,
occasioned by the decease of Mrs. SIDDONS, with
which, in sentiment, we entirely differ ; and al-
though we have neither time nor room at present
to enter on the argument, we have felt reluctant to
pass the extract into the hands of our Readers,
without this expression of our dissent from its
opinions. We cannot conceive any state of
society, as long as men and women are actuated
by what are considered the unalienable principles of
their nature, in which the Drama might not be ren-
dered beneicial. We appreciate the talent of per-

sonating accurately what a poet has conceived, as
very near in rank to the talent which the poet pos-
sessed. Perhaps the painter may rank subordi-
nate to the poet; but we should be inclined to place
the successful professor of the histrionic art quite on
a level with the painter: and if a LAWRENCE me-
rited a tribute of public respect at his funeral,
we should not begrudge a similar honour to a
•
SIDDONS.

PRIVATE CORRESPONDENCE.

PARIS, WEDNESDAY EVENING.

SlR—There is nothing stirring In Paris. The King is
pursuing his journey in the departments; and having taken
Marshal Soult and Count D'Argout with him, Casimir
Perrier is left here to do all the work. Two ordonnances
have appeared in the Moniteur, empowering him to subscribe
any documents in their official departments, during their ab-
sence, which will be about twenty days. I inclose a variety
of the daily newspapers ; and remain, your's, &c.

J. L.

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