Star.
London, England, 1830-11-04 00:00:00

7.tb

No. 13,622.

r
( •

THURSDAY EVENING, NOV. 4, 1830.

IMPORTANT ACCOMMODATION TO CAPITALISTS
LAND-HOLDERS, AND SOLICITORS.
MR. BROOKS tenders his respectful acknowledgments
to the Nobility and Gentry for the liberal share of Favors coo-
ferred on his Establishment dating the last Si years, and encouraged
by Capitalists who have favoured him with instructions to inveqt vs-
riffles amounts in the purchase of Landed Property to an extent ex-
ceeding Five Millions, and by Commissions for the sale of Estates ex-
ceeding in value Two Millions, together with the letting of numerous
Mansions, Cottages, and Farms, in all parts of the kingdom. He has
adopted a plan which he ventures to hope will facilitate the objects of
his employers, and remove the generally complained of want of In-
formation, relative to Property, which has hitherto prevented the ex-
peditious sale or purchase of the same.
Mr. Baooxs has undertaken, at his own expense, carefully to keep
a Register of all the Estates, Farms, Residences, Macon. ita an-
nounced to be Sold or Let throughout Great Britain and Ireland,
and periodically to print an Index to the same, the Third
Number of which is now publishing, and will be forwarded,
Grads, to applications post free. The information contained therein
is derived from the weekly extraction of all the Advertisements from
250 London and Provincial Newspapers, and front a most extensive
correspondence with Capitalists, Landholders, Solicitors, and Land
Agents, in all parts of the kingdom. The Particulars of Property
are registered Gratis at his Oecc.
Estates offered •to Bale by Auction far the usual Private Contract
Commission, if sold, and the deposit lodged with the Vendors' Soli-
citor, Banker, or is the Bank of England. From two to ten guineas,
exclusive of expenses, if bought in.
Appraisements. Land Surveying, and Architecture.
The demand for Town Residences daily increasing, Mr. !Suwon so-
licks the particulars of any to be Let or Said, and he has many Coin-
minions to Rent and Purchase.
Estate Agency Office, tit, Old Bond Street.

TT IS A KNOWN FACT, that all STUDIOUS and
REFLECTIVE PERSONS are 'abject to BALDNESS of
the HEAD. This has hitherto been remedied by Scalps or Wigs;
the farmer were obliged to be stuck to the head with gum, which ob.
Eructed perspiration, and caused a stiff, uneasy sensation; and the
latter being composed of silk thread netting, with springs similar to
braces, was sure to shrink when pa:virulent was produced, and
thereby tightened and compressed the bead, and prevented the circa•
ladon of the blood. It has leas been a desideratum that these Inca:-
veniences,so detrimental to the free me of the faculties, should be got
rid of; and we are happy to say that the ingenuity and perseverance
of Mr. Baas, of Cheeped', has fully effected that object. The inven-
tion is perfectly novel, and akhough the scalp or wig firmly adheres to
the head, by the assistance of a peculiarly constructed spring of very
thin steel, no perceptible Inconvenience is experienced, and
the form is
so much improved, that it is scarcely possible to distinguish it from'
the natural hair. We understand that he has taken nut a patent for
it, and there can be no doubt that he will be handsomely rewarded for
the utility and convenience of his Invention.—Spains, Sept. 27.

THE AR.IIY.
C H U.4k K.

Home Guards, June RA, 1830.
I have received the directions of the General Commanding in Chief
to convey to you the following instructions, to be observed as a Standing
Order, framed and issued for the purpose of introducing and establishing
greater uniformity of system in the army with respect to the points to
which it relates :

1. No soldier should unnecessarily be brought to a Court Martial,
and the Commanding Officer of a regiment should be guided in his de.
cision upon this point by the character of the individual, his conduct,
the nature and degree of the offence, its prevalence at the time in the
regiment, and the probability of conviction.
2. Just discrimination should be used by the Court in applying the
quantum of punishment, whether corporal or other, to the nature and
degree of the crime, so that its award may be final, and carried into
effect; it being indisputable, that crimes are more effectually prevented
by the certainty than the severity of punishment, and that decision in
the superior, will, at all times, ensure subordination in the inferior.
S. The nature and extent of punishment, particularly of solitary
confinement and haul labour, must of course vary according to locality,
and particulorly according to climate, as extremes of hest and cold
equally prescribe caution.
4. The Court before passing sentence of solitary confinement or hard
labour, or indeed any other, should ascertain positively that the sen-
tence can be duly executed.
b. Men" sentenced to hard labour by regimental Courts Martial,
must be -closely confined when not at work; and the hard labour
should, where it may be practicable, consist of breaking of stones
for the repair of roads or paths, or the repair and levelling of
barrack yards and parade grounds, or any other under the barrack de-
partment, or the engineer department, not being usually allowed to
soldiers as duties of fatigue, or imposed upon ordinary defaulters not
so punished by courts-martiaL The ordnance department has been
requested to afford the necessary facilities towanis carrying into effect a
mode of punishment of which the chief object is to obviate, ea far as
may be possible, the necessity of sending soldiers to public gaols, which
all officers concur in considering objectionable, and which it would be
very desirable to reserve, if practicable, for crimes of a disgraceful na-
ture. Upon the occasions of hard labour in garrisons or barracks, the
commanding officers of corps will exercise their discretion with respect
to allotting a portion of the period to hard labour, and the remainder to
drill, thereby keeping up the habits of soldiers, and imposing upon
the prisoner the necessity of cleaning his appointments ripen drilled.
6. District eourts-martial should observe the rules la down for re-
gimental courts, with respect to solitary confinement, and confinement
with hard labour—the periods being, however, unlimited, or rather,
more extended, according to the nature and degree of the crime. But it
is very desirable that these punishments should not be so extended as
they have been : six weeks solitary confinement should be considered
sufficient in almost any case; and three, or, at most, four months'
confinement, with hard labour, equally so. During all hard labour in
barracks or elsewhere, the men should, while at work, be kept separate
as much as possible, to prevent conversation, and all communication
with them, not absolutely necessary, should be strictly forbidden.
7. Submission, quiet and orderly conduct, and proof of con-
trition while undergoing punishment, should, unless the crime
had been of a very aggravated character, be favorably considered, and
obtain foe the prisoner a partial remission of the punishment, at the
discretion of the commanding officer. In the case of district courts-
martial, the commanding officer may, if he should see reason, recorn.
mend a partial remission of the punishment, but he cannot order it
himself, the sentence having been approved by a superior power.
8. The pay:of all men under sentence of court-mania should be
drawn according to the regulation of the War Office, namely, Id. a-
day, and applied to the sustenance of the prisoner.
9. Instances having occurred in which commanding officers of regi-
ments have applied to the general officer commanding the brigade dis-
trict or garrison, for authority to try deserters by regimental courts-
martial, and have been authorised so to proceed, they are hereby in.
formed that it was not intended to include the crime of desertion in de.
militia of offences, which, in certain cases, may K admit of lees
serious notice," and " which it may be advisable so try by regimental
'anti-mm*6l "

Lod Hill does not amnion it tiscowary or advisable to rest►ict the
rower or discretion of the commanding officer, by precise or detailed
instruction or regulation, with lewd to the name sad posishatat of
sash offences and irregularities an it may not be nedesseey to beisi to

PRicr. 7 1).

the cognizance of courts-martial ; but in order to promote that unifor-
mity of system, which i s the main object of this instruction. it is
deemed expedient to lay down the following general vales to be applied
by commanding officers at their discretion, according to the nature and
degree of the offence, and with due regard to the character and previous
conduct of the individual, which should always he home in mind; to
be applied also according to circumstances, such as the general conduct
of the regiment intrusted to them, the description of the quarters it
matt be occupying, the more or less temptation to which the men may
he exposed, and other general considerations which must guide the
judgment aool good sense of the commanding officer, in his choir • of
the twriod'when the reins of discipline should be tightened, or may
with propriety and safety be relaxed.
1. In all first offences not of an aggravated character, or committed
by young inexperienced soldiers, mild reproof and admonition should
be tried ; nor should punishment be resorted to, until a repetition of
the offence shall have shewn that the milder treatment has produced no
effect. Soldiers should not be harassed, hut should be treated with
kindness : they should know that it is wished to avoid punishment, if
discipline can be maintained without it.
2. No punishment should be awarded, except with the knowledge
and approval of the commanding officer, that is to say, officers com-
manding regiments may, at their option, delegate to officers cont.
mending troops or companies, and to the adjutant, die power of order.
log punishments for the minor OffelICTP, not exceeding three day's drill,
with confinement to barracks. These should be ordered at morning or
evening parades, and on the parade, and immediately any pa-
rade, reported to the commanding officer at the onlerfy room for his
approval or of ; or in cases where such immediate report
cannot be made, at latest, on the following day. For all offences re-
quiring more serious notice, the punishment should be ordered by the
commanding-officer only, upon the report made to him through the
officer commanding the troop or company, or the adjutant. The corn-
mending officer should immediately investigate the complaint in the
presence of the officer commanding the troop or company, the adjutant,
serjeant-major, and the non-commissioned officer of the squad, in the
presence also of the prisoner; and having satisfied himself from the evi.
dence adduced, of the nature and degree of the offence, should award
at once such punishment as he shall think fit, or reserve the case for a
Court Martial; and upon these, and all occasions, the commanding
officer should write his own orders, and not coafide that duty to others.
S. Officers on detachment should be strictly enjoined not to introduce
OT adopt any system or practice of punishment for minor offences which
may be in any respect at variance with those established at hesd-quar-
quarters under the sanction of the commanding officer.
4. All men confined for drunkenness should, if possible, be confined
by themselves, and in the Black Hole, until sober, and not in the
Guard room, where they are often teased and provoked to acts of vio-
lence and insubordination.

5. Nothing can be mote essential than to uphold the station and re-
spectability of non-commissioned officers. Serjeants should, therefore,
in no case. be sent to the Ouard.room, and mixed with the privates,
during confinement, but be considered as placed under arrest.
G. Officers should be cautious of reproving non-commissioned offi.
errs for any irregularity, reglect of duty, or awkwardness, tire. in the
presence or hearing of the privates, lest they should thereby weaken their
authority and respectability in the eyes of their inferiors ; indeed, ad-
monition, conveyed in mild terms, and without exposure of the indivi-
dual, whatever may be his rank, will, in general, be found to have a
much better erect than that which tends to humiliate him in the eyes of
his inferiors or his comrades, or to lower him in his own estimation, un-
less, indeed, it should be far the benefit of example, that the
reproof should be public, or that t shall have been provoked by repe.
titian of the neglect or irregularity.
7. Ifs soldier refuses to obey an order distinctly given, or resists the
authority of a non-commissioned officer, he should be confined without
altercation, and immediately reported to the troop or company officer, or
the adjutant. Many cases of what is called mutinous conduct, arise
from the improper way in which non-commissioned officers speak, or
give orders to tbe men.
& Irregularities, comparatively trifling, and of a minor character, al.
though noticed in the troop or company defaulter books should not ,
cause the eglinders to be placed on the general or regimental defaulter
list. With the same view of promoting uniformity of system and prac-
tice, the form of a defaulter book is annexed, which Lord Hill desires
may be adopted.
The defaulter book being a record of convictions, and having been
made evidence before a court-martial, in cases of drunkenness (see ar.
tick 51 dam articles of war), the rate of pension which a soldier is to
receive on discharge being determined, in great measure by his charaa
ter and general conduct during his Den ice and certain offences, after
being repeatedly committed, being, under the articles of war, to be
visited by increased penalties, it is absolutely necessary that this reword
should be framed on one uniform principle; nor, indeed, can real jus-
tice be awarded to the soldier unless it be kept on a recognised and in.
telligible system, and periodically examined by officers. The pre-
scribed form is simple, and its utility, with referenee to the objects
pointed out, will, as in all cases, depend upon the accuracy with which
it may be kept, and the correctness with which the remarks are in-
serted in the columns allotted to them.

Lord Bill considers it very desirable that the transfer of a soldier's name
from the troop or company's to the regimental defaulter book, should
he viewed by him as a disgrace of an aggravated character, and as en-
tailing the more permanent record of the offence, which, from its nature
and degree, has called, or, from the repetition thereof, may call, for such
notice. Oblivion of former irregularities, if they shall not have amount-
ed to any thing disgraceful, ought to be held out as the reward of real
reformation. But it is essentially necessary that those crimes which
permanently affect a man's character, and are disgraceful to the soldier,
should be stigmatised as they deserve : because a high sense of cha-
racter is inseparably connected with that honourable spirit which is the
main spring of good conduct, and the source of the reputation of
regiments.
In order to establish the distinction, and to draw the line pointed out
In these observations, an alphabetical list should be made at the end of
every year, of such men as shall be considered to have so disgraced
themselves, by the nature and degree of their crimes, or the repetition
thereof, as to have justly incurred the penalty of such special record ;
and this list should refer to the page of the defaulter book containing
the detail of the individual's case ; and, after being carefully extracted,
should be recorded, as pointed out in the annexed form.
In cases of drunkenness, the name of the non-commissioned officer
who was witness to the offence, should be entered, with the date, (the
men having, of course, been seen, when so reported, by the officer in
command of the troop, or company, or the adjutant,) and the crime
should be inserted in red ink, in order that the list may be readily re-
ferred to, on trial for habitual drunkenness, and a separate index to the
drunken list should be made. It is conceived that the best plan will
be to enter the names by troops, or companies in the general defaulter
book, as prescribed in the form. Thus, all the serious offences of one
troop, or company, during the year, will appear together in the regi.
mental book. To find a particular man's name, there will be the gene.
ral index for the year, alphabetically arranged. There will thus be the
double means of finding the entry by the company, and by the Index
of names, with the additional advantage of a comparative view of the
good or bad conduct of the different companies.
As a part of the same system, another list should be kept, to re-
cord the names of those men, who, from particularly pod and re-
gular conduct, may be remarked as having, in the course of the year,
few or no reports against them. This will distinguish the best men
from those, who, though not guilty of crimes to be specially recorded,
may nevertheless have been frequently reported for minor irregularities,
or inattention.

The introduction of an uniform form of defaulter book must afford
greater facilities towards ascertaining the extent of crime, and the ju-
dicious use of preventive means. And his lordship desires, that at the
periodical inspections, the guard reports and morning states may be
produced, to enable the inspecting general officer to compare them with
the entries in the defaulter book. These guard reports and morning
Plata may, after such comparative inspection, be destroyed by his
authority.
I have the honour to inclose three copies of the form of defaulter
book—one fur your use and guidance, another fur the adjutant, and a
third for the orderly room.
Commanding officers must recollect that they are not authorized to
place a soldier in close confinement, unless it be preparatory to •
court-martial, for a longer period than forty-eight hours of their
own authority. A soldier, ordered to remain in a defaulter's room,
will take his duty, drilla, &c. and the period of such order must
not exceed seven days. Crimes deserving of longer punishment, of
this nature, must be referred to a anirt.martial.

-----
This, of course, does not apply to confinement to banseks, which
may be extended, at the discretion of the commanding officer, to pe.
Hods not exceeding two months; the oeawsry mantra being, of,
course, taken to prevent the soldier so restricted IYom paining the sem-
trim or baying saws so the canteen t sad nine and lOW being, at
the discretion of the commanding officer, stopped, on stations where such
WO issued.

The commanding °Seer will equally exercise his discretion as to the
nature of the confinement to barracks, according to the degree of the

offence. namely. whether the ithlivolual shall or shall not be required to
fall in with the inlying piquet, attend all drills and all parades, and be
called upon for all duties of fatigue. Solitary co-.finement, or colt fint•ment
to the black hole, which in no case can exceed 48 hours. unless award-
ed by sentence of court-martial, should, as meir as possible. lie !e-rvcd
tfor cases of drunkenness, riot, violence, or insolence to superi••r•, ittif in
aggravated cases should precede the further puntshment tat roMieentent
to barracks, extra drills, and duties of fatigue er drudgery ke.
A list of men who had been placed on the regimental delaulter hit
for drunkenness should he suspended in the gua.d.roout, tot a st..tr•A
against the repetition of the offence entailing trial I,r tiabituai ',rank. at-
nets. and a penalty attached to the conviction th.matf. When apart of
the forteiture of pay for habitual drunkenness is r minted. (vide the Se-
cretary at War's circular of the tith March, 111.1.1,) the cot !!!!! attriii.„;
officer should notify it in regimental orders, as so • n teuragetvene the
soldier to abstain from excessive thinking. As connected with the pre-
vention of drunkenness, the lodgings of married seetiters, which ace re-
sorted to by men for the purpose of gaming, elr.t•kme. and other trregu-
levities, should be visited at uncertain hours, by serjeants of cove.
pieties and even by officers.
The penalties inflicted by the new articles of war for habitual chunk.
entitilli, sre generally admitted to be tint best cheek which has yet been
devised for that offence, but much may be effected in aid of it hy the
manner in which commanding officers 2,1)44 take ativantaee of them.
Lord Hill is satisfied that a vice., unfortunately us prevalent iu ii
British army, may be prevented and ctieclasi by due attention on the
part of the commanding officer. and by the zealous and cordial to•
operation and example of thighs• subordinate to him; and his Lon'sh;i:
expects that commatuling officers will exercise their authority over the
officer in this respect, as well as over the soldier, and that they will tee
stiffer a vice to pass unnoticed in the officer, which is sn seriously rens.-
hended and punished in the soldier.
It appears to be the rule in some cer;ee, and it is rested to have b,..Te
successfully applied, to hold troops, companies, and sqteeds gerierrilly
responsible for the regular conduct of the individuals taking care that :he
consequence of this responsibility shall not involve the porishment of
individuals whose conduct shall have been uniformly regular and good.
In others a troop, company, or squad police has beer, ihrrotiiiceil under
the responsibility of steady serjeants.
These are expedients, of which the application most left to the
discretion of commanding officers, as must also the proper as, of such
facilities as local contingencies may afford, for encouraging mallt
and exercises. provide- these shall not tend to excess in drinking.
111 that has been stated, will show the extreme importance Lortt
Hill attaches to the prevention of crime, and greater derail is not entered
into, as it is not the object to limit or interfere with the disteretior. e:
commanding officers, but merely to obtain the application of it en gat.
neral principles.
It is, however, indispensable to observe, that the reports receive.!
from different regiments, of their scales of punishment or the system
observed in the notice and punishment of offences not generally Inuegi t
to the cognisance of courts martial, have exposed the continuance of va-
rious objectionable practices, many of which had been animadverte•l
upon, and reprobated on former occasions, by his late Royal 11 igi -
ness the Duke of York, and by his Grace the Duke of Wellinette .
The log, for instance, is a punishment indicted at the discretion of the
commanding officer, which cannot be sanctioned, and is henceforin
strictly forbidden. Drill in heavy marching order appears to be h.-
dieted for periods varying from two to eight hours per diem. and :tom
three to twenty-one days, or more; this immoderate punirnment was
strongly censured by the Duke of IVellingion, and should ii, no ea•
exceed three, or, at most, four hours per diem, and he inflicted at propel
intervals. This, however, applies to it as a punishmeet, independently
of the usual parades and drills in marching order, which are deeirabl..
as is exercise in general with knapsacks. which should become part or
a soldier on duty or parade the moment that he is dismissed the drill.
ti Standing under arms is altogether forbidden. It appears to be tile
realm in some regiments to confine a man to the black-hole forty-eight
hours, and so on ; nay. in some regiments, men are confined in the
black.hole at the discretion of the commanding officer for periods not
only executing forty-eight hours, but amounting to seven days.
These practices are in the greatest degree reprehensible, and are
strictly forbidden.
In some corps, commanding officers have taken upon them:wives
to commute a corporal punishment, sentenced by a regimental cuurt-
martial to confinement, and possibly vice verse.
They must clearly; understand that the power of eommutirir
is vested in the King only. They may confirm, remit, or midget:,
they cannot commute the punishment awarded by a regimental tour.-
martial, nor, indeed, can any general, or superior officer. niters
again have been in this practice of allowing to an off'eneler the roptitte
of such punishment as they could inflict at their own discretion, or of
standing a court-martial. This also is irregular.
The commanding officer not having any intention of bringing the
offender to a court-martial, should order such reasonabie punishment
as is within his competence to award, and with regard to this, it would
be inconsistent with subordination that he should admit of the right of
option of appeal, although he may, if he thinks proper,vineiseete the jus..
decor his first order, by resorting to the altemativlof a couri.martial.
It has also been the practice in some corps to allow a serjeant to
escape trial by court-martial, by resigning his situation. This practice
is extremely objectionable, has never been sanctioned by any compe.
tent authority, and must be discontinued.
In conclusion, the attention of commanding officers is called to the
importance of inculcating upon the soldier, by every means in their power
and by the example and precept of his superiors the property of
civility and courtesy in his intercourse with all ranks superior,
clans a. and in
his demeanour in quarters in the streets, etc. This applies eapteially
to the conduct of soldiers on Sundays, when drunkenness, irregularity.
and disorder, should be particularly noticed and checked. They should
also be admonished to pay the greatest deterence and respect to ma-
gistracy and to civil authority, nor should, upon these occasions, the
stations in life of the individuals be considered ; the character repre-
sented, and the authority with which that character is invested, b ing
the proper subjects of attention.
Nothing will tend more effectually to the establishment of
discipline and subonlituation, and even to the absence of irre-
gularity, producing exposure, than habits of general cour-
tesy, and a conviction constantly operating upon the mind
of the soldier, that in proportion as he is marked by his dress anti his
bearing, so will any disorderly or rude act committed out of barracks
become the subject of particular notice.
It may be almost un to add that there are no occasions in
which the good or bad diseip ine of regiments becomes more con-
spicuous than upon marches and embarkations, nor any in which the
attention and vigilance of every officer towards preventing inregularities
are_more called tor.

The admirable rules laid down for the troops serving in the Perin.
sula, and particularly for the light brigade, may be considered by
oaken as applicable in many respects to home service; and many must
be sensible from experience of the importance of prc.erving the compact
order of a column of march, by not allowing irregular intervals and
straggling, nor falling out except during periodical halts, which
should be frequent, aad if possible be made beyond the reach of public
houses.

Lord Hill orders me to repeat upon this occasion, what has been
urged heretofore by the late Duke of York and by the Duke of Wel-
lington, that the criterion by which the state of discipline of a regiment,
and the merit of its commanding officer, will be estimated, is the ab.
'pence of crime, not the number of courts martial and the amount of pu
nishments. This cannot be too strongly impressed upon the minds of
those who are plated in the command of regiments, and they may rest
assured that no pains will be spared by the superintending authorities
to ascertain that such are the rule and principle which guide their
conduct. —I have the honour to be, Sir, your obedient humble streak,
HERBERT TAYLOR, Adjutant General.

INSTRUCTIONS.
The names to be entered in the general regimental defaulter book by
troops or companies.
Crimes of drunkenness to be entered in red-ink, with the name of the
non-commissioned officers wbo witnessed the crime.
One page for each man, and from twenty.ke to fifty spare pages
to be left.

A general alphabetical list to be made with reference to the pages.
In cases of desertion or misconduct of such character as to entail tor-
feiture of service, it must be noticed in the column of remarks, with a
reference to the page of the regimental record, form R.
No punishment to be ordered except with the knowledge of the cora.
mantling officer, who may, however, at his option, delegate to officers
commanding troops or companies, and to the adjutant, the power of or.
dering punishment for minor offences, not exceeding three days drill,
with confinement to barracks.

These must be ordered on parade, and immediately reported to the
commanding officer at the orderly room, for his approval or miserable,
and his sanction must be obtained far their being entered in the troop
or company's defaulter book.
The morning states and guard reports of the preceding six months.
must be produced to the oeneral officer at the periodical inspection, for
comparison with the entries in the troop or company's and regimental
defaulters books, and after such comparative inspection, they may be
destroyed by the authority of the general officer.
As it may be very inconvenient when a man is about to be discharged
after twenty.one or more years service, to refer to the regimental de.
faulter books, kept during the whole of that series of years, the cons.
manding officer will, during the first quarter of every year, review the
regimental defaulter book of the past year, and mark the names of these
' men, who, from the nature of their crimes, or their frequency desetvr
to have their offences permanently recorded.
This permanent defaulter book should be in foe= similar to the mi.
mental defaulter book, and should be the book to be laid before the re-
gimental board of inquiry, drawing oat the soldiers discharge;shordil be
thus enabled to refer easily so direct written evidence as to the soldiers
character sad service.

Another book should be kept of the aunts of mew who have never
been pnokitsd or tried during In years, and in which should be 00.
during the Int quarter of every yeer, the ammo of Ogee re-
marksido for very good misdeal, for sobriety, and ply, whisk
could be referred to in the selection for gratuities sad other Nen* ill
discharge. This book should be permanent, ani the hombre et a
man's name in it, might be adverted to in regimental mien se ea a.
COVltikrlnelll to persevere. H. TAYLOR, Adj-tleaseaL

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