Star.
London, England, 1824-10-02 00:00:00

DISSENTERS-STEEPLES.

TO TIIE EDITOR OF THE STAR.
Stn-LI shall be obliged to any of your Correspondents who can
inform me, by what particular statute Dissenters from the Esta;
blished Religion are prevented from building Steeples to their
Chapels? I believe the same law does not exist in Scotland, nor Ott
the Continent.—l ant, Sir, &c. &c. 0.0.

SPAN/SII BANDIT-rt.—Such is the andacitt "of the
robbers iu Spain, that they lately seined 'the King's Oriel, while
they were &paltering In the fields at Aranittes, and carried them
off tu the insuotains of Toledo. They bays not siucetoten re-
tovered.—Poris Aper. .

... • . • _
EIAAIINAncAr .ritgrlvrLtnoy.
. . • • - • • .
---*l";ardaY, at el Alto*, 'beteg -efpointil for the ',attained.
AK Mr. •Panotierey, Plank, theeide(odrird who has Who" cow
!eked: dr prisoner. from the Honseff gwreetion, left. Marlbod '
rstudti-stteet Office about zweive (Meek, aid very shortly arrived
at the prison. there found Mr. Piantleivoy Weidag his arrival, -
Ind being awaltbat -he was to ftbdiirgo a farther 'elimination, be
Mist Prepared to aconimpany the: officer. • Idr. Faunderoy walked
with a hasty step to the. hickey coach, 10 won after mil at
hiarlborough-street: A few.minutes before one o'clock, Mr. Brod-
rick arrived, forth, purpose of tendering that -legal aisistiace to
Mr: Fanntletorwhlch his present-unfortunate case demerids. • Mr.
Brodrick requested that be might peruse the depetetimis.that were
taken before Mr. Conant. It was considered that dint, depositions
coold not be allowed is pass out of the Clerk's hands, and therefore
Mr.'fritipatrick accOrmpanied the" Learned Gentleman into the pri-
;'.vate room. Abott -five- Minutes before two, Mr.- Frishdetd. the
• Bank Solicitor, came to•the office, and shortly' after, Mr. Faunae-.
troy was pissed at the bat, and several of the officers stood on each
side of him. He was dressed in the same clothes as before,
.end,
as' n the last occasion, he reclined his hiad on hie aim, which rested
on the bat. On entering the office h‘cest his eyes &mind, hut his
tecogidtituraf those present was only momentary, ae he almost tin-
mediately relapsed iuto'llia former dejection. . • •
The Magiatratks on the Bench were Mr. Conant, 11r, Dyer, and
Sir Gorge Farrant. ' There were alio a number of Gentlemen' on
the Bench, among whom-we observed Lard Rocisferd, Sir Thomas
Farquhar, &c. &c. - - •
Freshfield opened thebusiness, by-obeerying,•-that on eke last
exemination they had completed the evideyerd-on plAposytt of attor-
ney, and also examined witnesseion anptherimiver of attorney ; he
wow proposed calling other witnesses niedinplete that
• Colonel Graham, one of the •partneft inlhe banbing-hoeve;•4lras
then called, and Mr. Fitzpatrick read oyes his deposition. stated
that Mr. Graham received a power.of attorney dated the 50th Oc-
tober, 18.10, Tram Mr. Faentleroy, With direetioits to sell out the
sent of 3E46,000, Reduced 5 per Cent. Anheitles; and that in com-
'ldiom with soda dietetical, he, on the 4d-of •Nevoraberfollowing,
mid out the same aecordingly. • • . -• • - • •
' James Tyson and Joseph.Goligbtly Wese.nezt swot*. Meek de.
poiitioositated them to be tvio of the chief clerks in the lite bank-
lug-home of Messrs. Mesh, Fauntleioy, aWd‘Grabaat ; thai
they had-exasnioed a power of attorney, dated SOth'October, Is2o,
for the transfer/ of £46,000, is thejeint.nainesof Henry Fauntleroy,
James Dekin Hume, and John Goodchild ;rand particnlarly that
they had examined the names,'"James Tyson and JOsepla Go-
Nightly;' which tie in their awn hand-writing;'biii the words writ-
ten-soder, 'll Signed, sealed, and delivered in the presencenfehe
mid JanseaPtos and Joseph Golightly:' are not -ia theitined-
writiog. but have been added subsequently, as also the mss ed
Jamie Dekil Home and /elm Goodchild. •
• lie. Goodchild was next•called.—He stated in hie depasitiethiliai
he resided in Fim-tree row, Regent's Pair; .andls h surgeon. • Thi
deposition then proceeded to state, as Mr. Htmte did on the•lastwes.
mkt:also, that in May. 1818, £46.000 was -transferred- intothe
names of Mr. litime, Mr. Faentleray, and himself, in trust, for the
benefit of the widow and children of the late Mr. Bel& ; and that
Mr. Fandtleroy, as a partner in the banking-house, was desired-to
receive the dividends accruing die on the said stock. and to place
such dividends to the account ,of the said stock ; that he bad exa-
mined the power of attorney, purporting to be the transfer of the
£e6,000, and that the signature, Jolla Goodchild, is not his hand-
writing; and he further stated!, that in a conversation With Mr.
Fanntierny, some time since,. respecting some proceedings in the
Court of Chancery, in which Mr. Bellies property was brought
• into. question, Mr. Fauntieroy stated, that the stock was then stand.
in o in-their names in the Bank of England. •.• '
*Mr. Fresbileld said, we are now about tittroceed'apon Mather
power of attorney, for the sum of .€11,50 e. ••

colonel Gratin) was.tben called, and he stated, as in the previ-
ous case, that be bad received a power of attorney, dated the 7th
September, Is2o, from Mr. Pauntliroy, at the banking-house in
Bernersitreet, with directions to sell out the sitm of £17,500,
which be did on the 2d November following.
James Tyson and William. POce, two of the clerks, were then
Galled, and tbeY gave similar eiidence respecting their signatures
batik power of attorney, adding, that they had never' seen the pea-
se* whose signalise they appeared to witness until be was painted
oat to them at thin Office.

Goodchild stated, that in May, 11118, the sum of 417,500
wart. transferred into the names of Mr. Fauntleroy,. Mr. Homer and
bitosetf, in trust for the benefit of the children* of the late Mr.
Bak, of Ortead Cottage, Merry, and that Mr. Fauntleroy wai
di-
reetid to receive the dividends, and place it to the stock. account ;
that be had examined the power of attorney authorising the banking
"*" Ifriket *arobctikrocer, Fauntleroy, and Graham, or any
or either of them, to sell but the'said stock, and that his name, put.-
pord44o be set and subscribed titeretovis not his hand-writing,
nor OM be ever authorise any one to sign it for him. • •
Mr. Goodchild was again sworn to mother deposition, which
stated that, ht May, taus, the sum of 5e5,500 Four per, Cent.. An-
nuities, was transferred into the names of himself, Mr. Fauntk•roy
and Mr. Hume, and that his signature to a politer of attorney, dated
the ZOth of October, 1820, is not his hand-writing. Mr. Goodchild
also stated, that in a conversation with Mr. Fauntleroy respecting
his property, he said about a fortnight since that the stock was in
their joint names in the Bank of England. . •
Mr. Graltani also proved that he received the raddrerOf attorney,
dated the SOth October, 1820, from Mr. Fattatirror, with directions
to sell out the E 5,300, and that in November following he soli out ,
the same accordingly.
Mr. Graham was directed to:sign his depositions; having dons-
-1 so, he observed—this it my band-writing, but whether I receiver
the powers of attorney from Mr. Fauntleroy or from the Bather
[cannot say. I acted under those powers, and Mr. tiontierup
aware of it. I received-directions to sell, and I did.s. •
Mr. Conant—Was Mr. Fauntleroy aware of it? Perfectly.*
Mr. Fitzpatrick—Then you mean to swear that yott did not
receive them from Mr. Fauntleroy? I certainly did not; but
received the Powers,, and acted under them by Mr. Pestle:pea
instructions.
. .
Mr. Fitzpatrick—Then the same may be applied to all the
Powers? Yes, to all & they are generally•sent down to the Scoters,
either Mr. Spernhg, or Mr. Simpson; but, generally, Mr Sperling.
Mr. Oraham's evidence was then altered, viz. that he received the
Powers either at the Banking-house in Bemers-street, or from the
broker by Mr. Fauntieroy's order.
Mr. Conant—Then he speaks in doubt.
James Tyson and Joseph Gollghtly were again sworn to a depo-
sition respecting their signature to this power of attorney.
Mr. Freihfield—We now intend to proceed on a power of attor-
ney fee asAso, on account of Miss Frances Young, of Chichrstei.
Mr, Tyson, and Mr. Watson, another clerk, gave simitar evi-
dence as in the former cases, respecting their signatures to this power

of attorney. ..• •
Robert &naming, a clerk 'in the Transfer Office of the Bank of
England, in his deposition stated, that in 1815 be was a clerk in the
CfoompiOdice ;, It was his duty to etamine the transfers when broaght
to the.oace ; he had examined the power of attorney purporting to
atithodie Mr. Fauntleroy to receive the sum of £5,450, which was
thwhlying to. the credit of Miss Frances Young, in the Transfer (N-
-ike. The transfer was dated the it9th of hlay, 1115 and on the.'
31a of the same month the prisoner transferred the sum of £5,450
into the came of Wm. Flower, of the Stock Exchange, Getitleman.
'Miss' Framed Young was then svrotti.She was a Lady of middle
age. • Her deposition sated, that•iu•May, 11115, there was, and:had
betel* some time, standing In the. bOOks of the Company of the
Sank of England, the sum of ,85,450 to her account; that she gave
auth to Mr. Pauntleroy, for the barlinglouse of Mears;
Marsh, Sir James Sibbald, and Faronderoy, to'receive die
&aide:lds on the said sum, and which were• to be placed whale*:
count. She had examined the power of attorney, authorising thane;,
or any of them, to sell the whole or any part theroof, and the
signature to the aced is not her hand-writing, nor did she authority
any person to sign it f* her; that the dividends on the £5,430 haire
been ptinctually credited to her account toga this time. . • -
• . Mr. Freshbeld intimated that he should proceed upon another
power of attorney for ,45,000, porporting.to have been signed by
Miss Elisabeth Wharton Young, of Hertford'.
Mr. Tyson examined the power of attorney, whkh bete date
49th of May, 1915, and gave evidence of-his hand-writing la boa:
,fore,. The nattacin the hack was in Hr. Fauntleroy's hand-writing,
and'which was an authority (*kiln to account for the money.
Mr. John Bafber, Of. Little New Port-street, victualler, Who Was.
a clerk in the.‘bahltini-litiude;hl May, 1918, said, 'that he had been
'occasionally tailed ar by.,blr. Fauntleroy to attest powers of at-
toeserVithout his .kkeing seen the tattiest that. his 'name appears
Aradae plower of attorney, dated the 25th of. May, 11115 ; but lick
railed), unacquainted each Mist Elio:abed! . Wharton. Young, Ind
.her saw her,aign or seal die aka. ' • • • ' •
Samuel Lardner, a Clerk in 'the Coosa 011ee•of .the-Bodi of
Beglaad,,mated that he Siled tkat situation *I. Tetta 1111.3,.;•11
'wane duty to, enter,theiranlfers in the Bank kooks; there .war
In that year, atanding in the name of
..Mtis Elhaikth'
.toital, the sum of £3,36/1 19s. ,?,pat on the 31st of,May, 1613,
a power was presented at 'the office; perporthig to • be. signed; by
Hiss li. W. Young,' and authorisloglho Binking-house of Ahab,
Stracey, Sir John Sitliably Pintmlermpeor „any *. either of
them, to all out the sum' of 4.5.40$ .131.1. „Pal at thin lisaX a
parson calling•himielf Mt: Fattitlerity•ir twunt-siteit, rhea to iSe
o:fice.•••2lhe witness Was here itirected•tildhi stair. Faunitiro
..•

.

... .

. .
itf—tia; ; whenhistak !lathe believed Vim to be the ,etrue
liginon who IppiaieTti;ilte • '..l::t6teesafer thoisiatlifenitnilader
Ahe poi's: of attorney, did ttanifer the stock fitin the iellitfit
Rlisabeth Wharton Yonne, to that of William Baiter,. oflitir
fkock Exchange,,Gentlethka. . . • •
•fdiet inisattetk:Whartern Young was then =tiled tojtnrear rber
'dertaition. When she came into the Office, she appeared to labour
unit& grearikliaiioti. Her deposition stated. that In the mnntb.of
Iday,lBls,'and foi some Anti prevlons; shire bad been standlog*s
her name irebiliank et Bagiatl4 the sum•of £5,80819x. Ceneas;
that she gave the prisoner authority to receive the dividend= on the
said min, sad those dividends were to be placed to ber'ereditin the
. banking-book. She-had examined a power a•ittorney, bearing
date 29th May, 1815, porptirtitig to tle a power of attorney from
her to Messrs. Manhunt' GplisaPA titcoo. diem or any of them to
sell or transfer all or any Part of bet stock in the Five pep Cent.
Consols andlbe sais that the • signature, 1112ibetit. Whatton
Young, Is nor in her hand-wilting, tier did she authorise any one lb
_sign it for her; thatibe punctual* received the dividends-4m the
ante aunt, whichininain due, up to this
,tinst%
Mr. Preshfield observed, that he did not consider it 13.eceatary to
-terunine 'any more witnesses, and tie left it to the 'Magistrate 61'84
whether or not the Brokers' "evidebee was necessary? =•-•
- • Mr. Conant was of opinion that it was not necessary, and diticted
Plank to ask the prisoner if he whited to say any thing?—Plank gut
the. quittion, hut withchtt raising his head, he 'said altMaat
tinctiy, " No." • .
Mr. Brodrick laid, that he had both* to say; exiept tOlagnite
whether Mr. Anuitleroy wai to botahlim beek•to *spites ftt=
whale* be came? '
Mt. Conant said, kwoeld be the beiariinis to renuod•
forml sake, thitte should bebrouglitt up agaistia tiveek. •
Vt. Brodriclk said.that in: what: he *as going to propose. Oaf
kr a public remintein-order unitadvisgrit notibt•ha"
icOnatant wets to hint to prepare. his detchcf•
Mr. Conant said, it would be absolutely neces.tary 'that his tem
shOuld.harie free access, and inepnred a Mr. Fritahleta* if 14.
ceded to the prOpetritiob ? • • •
• Mr. Preshaeld said; that the law had puled the:dispneat Nay.*
.prisoner in the hands of the Magistrate, and it could net heiltinintid
to a more able ore than the present.
Mr. Brodrich'su ggested,that Mr. F. auntlerot. lying reliain'in
the H a n' ouie Correctio. until • i•ireek• batik t and liiiiley.
Mo
Mr.
inns thanre°.comin•minanenNtelid.e:igioneeba, wlitiatre haithnvelt.n'luterechnt btrttiteter.v.r.eietivi"dlitY
he brought up in.a week, amithat
before the Seisioni commenced Se aticru/kibe Committedio Netrgatu.
• Mr. Tauntiet4tf was then conveyed nut of the Office, in the Eli-
, iody of 'Plank, ibtoldr: Cenant's house adjoining. and•shortty aft*
seas conveyed in a,itackneperteelt to the: House of Curreetio..-=
Titc witticisms Flame depoaitions, had, been taken, were then
bound ever in a •rceogitisance of • .881. MO, to give ctridetiOe against
the Prfeiner..•
17
-

A •

THE ARMY. • - 4 ---* ; nit
Oat; have been issued Hotati•gtuatils fee
Wilke use of the Saddle Blanket $u Regiments serving ladies
andlubmientlng in its place .a fixed Pannel or Pad.• •As th4' peke!
Of flit Saddle' Blanket is Ids: 6J: and that of the Horse' Cloth, Ike
only, the diffetence of 7s. Id. between those sums will be dediteted
from the allowance of Lex 64, id. hitherto granted hy th/Kplibnc
nectsbarigs .f r each recruit raised for his.Majesty"s tasairy
dnts
es In India, thereby reducing the, paid allowance to
..
El l. Td. Per man. -3 • •
The system otpaying over stoppages to the Peitreyititof Generd
Hospitals, and to the 'Medical Officers .in charge of. Reginwntal
Hospitals, is to be discontinued; and all sours necessary to meet. he
expenditure of thew Hoppitils are, htthe case of Iteg*entai Hos-
pitals, to be received by the Suigeoti troth the Payntmter, *ion
estimates, to bt furnishedin 'sufficient time to enable the Payinistet
• intrOduce the smount•into his aixithly ultimates with the appre.
'baton of the Commanding O cer. . ' . ••
In the case of General Hitapitals, die Porter /ref an Hospitid a;
home is to draw fctithe necessary funds upon the General Agen
under the direction Of the iptritilipel °Meer 'ot the Army litedied
Department in London, for General •Hospitals in (neat Britain%
attpi ;Duni*, for. General Hospitals in Ireland; and,est,ffareign ter,
:vice to receive the same from thi Chest, under warrants
• from the Gineral Ofkcer conintanding on the station, fOundedspoia
the recommendation of the ptimcipal Medical Officer ors tie itatima.
• The pay of Soldiers in Hossikl, wbethersGeneral or Regimental,
.at Home or *broad, is to be charged- in the Pay !Ltms, at dim hal-
loWint Rates, vim. •
•
- -r. . . • • • '.
a • IV, Btir L

t.avatty. _
• • • " ' Vbrpi. • '
Serjeant Major . ' 'N. its.' 64. . !1L: 3d. 1u ed.
Troop Serjeant Major . n• 3 O. 0• • .O; 0. 4 0 0
Paymaster Serjeant . , 1 5 ..0.:O
.z - 9 .•.1 • 4
Schoolmaster Serjeant . 1 S • 0 1 ;I/ ' 1 1
Armourer Serjeant . :0 111 4'll' :‘ 1 r
Saddle Serjeant . . . 1 '. :•"0 41! •l•• • 0 0:;:o
Trumpet Major . . 1 5 , 41I• •• • f•f;•• 0,..
Drum Majpr. . •0 0 .. •,1 " 1 ..1 • /i;,,
Quartermaster Serjeint 0 0 •b. • •
Colour Serjeant . . ' • -= • 6'lo •
Artificers • ' . . 0 0 2 3 •• *0 •itt.• '•
Serjeants • . 1- . 5 1 •:5 1 5:. I'l
iCorporafs .... •. • . . ..:0 I'4 . 0 lee 0 0 ..•,
Trumpetets •• '. :0 10 . 0 10; • 0 0 , 0: 0_
Busier.*. • . 0 b 0 • ' 's '0 '.•
.Drunnittirs . ' 0 • • .
Privates . 0 6 . 0 6 0 0 0• 1'
Ditto Ist Class ► O• .0 0' 0 1 3 . 0 O.
• Ditto Yd Class , ..b .0 . 9 9 • •0 0
',Ditto 3d Clash *. 0 0"" ' '0 •0. 0. 11-•::•4 4:6
• Nal. Addideell Pap -for length of service, for Sten entitled
thereto, is to be added to the abOve itatea, but not Beer Weep.), f
The 'additional pay of 94d:, per diem. for Orderlies. in,Generpl.
Hospitals abroad to be charged heretofore in the Regimentll
Pa Liao, supported by the Pat:veva.% Retorns.'• • • . r-7••
Return% made up frost the Hospital Hooke,- and •ape-'
cifying the dates of the entry end dfacbacgo of every man whialhalt
have been in Hospital during the quarter, with his nkee andappfs.,
and the regiment to Which be belongs, are to be testseinkielefliint''
all Hospitals direetto the War Office, *hide tettliys alMßtidtelt
urination of each quarter. . ~; . • ; • • .••• •
The Returns from ItegintentaCtlismitais a. s. lib (Wilke! hr •
the Commanding Officer and Sargaop ;•.epdtboselnem GeneraYol99..
pitah by the Comuiandaot,priocqsal,Medical Odicer, and PerVeyeir.
Month* Returns or men fa General Hospkaleire to •he 'trans.
witted by the Purveyor to the Paymaster by Whims the pay of tit
mew is to be charged. •
lyythe Woe of a manbcing in the Regimentiilospieni of a Corp
to which' be does not belong, a sinillar Monthly Return is to be
trandiiitted by the Payinastelof that Caps so the *Paymaster by
whom the man's pay is to be issued and. charged, which Return is
to be anneked-to the Pay List of the latter. • . .
Ls cases. Where men beloyiging to the Guards or Ordnance Set.
vicemay be admitted into the Hospital' of another f liegiment,tbe
Paymaster of that Regiment is to re lover from the Agent of the
Artilkry, or of the Regiments of • Gaards, ten pence per diem fler
each man, and hit° dedueethe amount in his pay-list, under the
head of pay. =
'The Hospital -Aciontits of the Regimental Sdrgeoni .are, as
usual, to he-made op Nag yearly, viz. to' the 24th June and 14th
December, inclesive. ,The amoent is to be' charged by.difi.
mental Paymaster, ht the Pay ; Lists, under the bead of goons. .
genies; the chew heinsupposted. by At .1./uplicate,9l. the Ac,
counts, 'notified „pod, appreited;lir the iltrector-Cniteral. 14
*London,loe.lteitniftets id Great Britain and lit • Whilst, lir Re. '
gimebts Istilend ; • and• the litsPecter, Or Other .pr
Medical Of•or.reon a -Foreign Station k for which perpote, chi Stop.
aeon at: Home is to transmit, his accipnits i s Igtuali,cate to the Ant%
Medical Department; and the Surgepa ahrrd is to send his• Ac.
counts-in Triplicate to the pdocipal bledtcal Meer 'one copy,
when examined, is ihtse'retented to the•Surgeoa, to be delivered
by hint to the Paymaster,. who... is .to., annex the same to the Per
List, in support of the charge. •if •jhevanspuut of the advances to.
the Surgeog upon estimate be list than the total of the account,
the Surgeon's receipt for the diferenee hrto be autiezed as a voleilscr
to the recount of the Payrisaster. If the Idltss •advaliced• exceed the
total of the account, the Paymaster. is to require the Surgeon. so
refund the difference. , • • •.
. • . •
The Paymaster may insert tliesesu advanced top the Surgeoq in
his Pay Liu, tinder tbi head of edtanc• es' 'dot finally recounted for;
they asset courseaseiwever, to ba deducsed*orn the Pay UR, id
, which that BADOinep*.the apprawdoccount shall lie charged. The •
noa-seasipt of theappeheed isalkaicarip,account of the Surgeon
not, thittrefote,-.waerantdol, trapaspitui g. the ltegimeutal Pay.
Lists. Thisbe* istjalred by:de Paymaster to eh able him to make
advanceiti the' Surgeon, may he included Its the-MoutfAT'lfatia •
mates, yodel the head of Contingencies. • . •
'
• A
ti V Fdliatini. or PAPER.—..7IM quAntky of- paper
of -this first. class. •viiiish paid duty (4..' per. ,01b.) in,ls#3, waq
549ft,7Mtibs.'dittet:dit:ta, second class_idulty I Ad.), 11,140410. an,
A rhsf ti:tzuvre, .IN.iinted by, KAVA Ll 4 cite 41.11/XL,
• The rrikrts iikisy was picked up the other •dar,, at a bee''shag, flies feW *Pugs. '[fir present'prryrietor the
tamales: it ifesehaetaleditoPads • . ''•• • • •!f'l • -f•"" •
••. • •

;

~!

i

Composites Moms the Powers of England nod Iliassa,
as they goad is relation to Europe at large. B4f M.
L'AW de Psalm.
(Continued from the Sees elpestwMay.)'
CHAP. VI«
The English Novel Ara.

. -
At no period in the history of the world.' has there
ever existed a naval force, titceittAziassid-sernottnt- Of
which could be put Itt`dirifito comparison with the na val
.power of Great Britain. In fact,the fieet!„of England,
*matbe_said to, bear ckihscherelittlialiGportion to the
iiintensity-olihe ocean, over which she ruler "sopremoe,
- Daring the war, England maintained a naval force,
composed of vessels, varying in• site and strength, to
the amount of a thousanduhips. This immense fleet
she manned with 190,000 sailors and marines. Such
is the substance of this arm of British power. " The most
felicitous circumstances have concurred to its develope-
ment and formation. The poits of England are so si-
tuated as to be able to maintain their communications
between each • other, uninterrupted by, any hostile force,
so that her fleets may be said to be islwlys acting in
combination—which advantage, so essential to form a
great Naval Power, is sadly wanting to France : for her
ports are separated froth each other by considerable
distances, some opening upon the Atlantic, andothers
into the editerranean. Nor is Spain, with respect to
this point, more advantageously situated: for her fleet
is necessarily divided into three divisions, which ian
never act simultaneously—never for mutual support.
Her three great naval ports are Ferrol, Cadiz, and Car-
thagena. The British power on the ocean can only be
attacked effectually by a coalition of the nasal forces of
other countries : she would crush a single assailant, as
she did in the case of the Spanish feet sent by the Car-
dinal Alberoni for the invasion of Sicily. It would be
an act of absolute madness for one Power alone to com-
mit itself in combat with the navy of England. The
opposition then, to be effectual against the English
marine, must be made by a combination of allied fleets.
But how many are the disadvantages under which such
an alliance would suffer, that should be composed of
men, differing from each other no less in interests than
in language and habits, and who are Compelled to form
a union fr om distant points, and that under the thunder
or the British cannon, and with the chance of being cikt
off and destroyed in detail I That felicity of position
between the two Maritime Powers of Europe; that,
fraternal union of a kindred race ; that unity of places,
concord in interests,-similarity of language, agreement
in naval tactics and military science, all -.rite in Aug-
matting and confirming the strength of the naval force
of Great Britain. The skill, no less than the intrepidity
of her sailors, formed by the continued exercise of a
navigation which embraces the whole globe ; the science
of her ship-builders consummated by its daily appli-
cation ; the facility with which she can raise her supplies,
have contributed to give her that naval superiority
.upon the ocean, which it would be impossible to wrest
from her, and of which, therefore, it would be absurd to
contest with her the possession. The glorious days of
La Hogue and Trafalgar, so bright in British history,
will be but renewed by the renewal of a naval war; and
the vessels uhich shall quit the Texel, Brest, or Cadiz,
will merely serve to swell the British fleets at Plymouth,
or tit Portsmouth. Bitter as this truth may be, yet, if
future disasters are to be avoided, it u ill be wise to
recognise it in time. England has inexhaustible re-
sources for repairing any naval losses, which would he
sensibly felt by other countries. Beyond a-certain point
calculation ceases to be necessary. This is the case
u ith the British marine I Her treasury and her building-
yards wonid quickly stipply the destruclion of any
number of her vessels; and it is mote than probable that
she wouli repair her losses at the expense of the enemy.
CHAP. VII.

Tie Maritime and Colonist Ertabliintserus if England coruidered in
order.
it will be interesting to our Readers that we should
thew the manner in which England has formed round
the globe a complete chain of insular, or military posts,
which serve at once as arsenals and places of refreshment
for her fleets ; and moreover, as points of observation,
whence she may watch the military stations and ports
of other Powers. An extraorJinary concurrence of
circumstances has contributed to produce this state of
'bin% in favourable to England, and so fearful to her
enemies. Let us review attentively the whole series of
thoie establishments, which are extended from one end of
the world to the other, and let us begin by America.
The most northern part of that Continent belongs to
England, and yields her the greatest advantages, since it
employs a fourth part of all her merchant-vessels. The
port of Halifax is her great military and naval station
in that part of her dominions; whence she is able.to
protect readily her other possessions, and particularly
Newfoundland, the most valuable of her colonies. In
these distant seas she needs to apprehend the sudden
attack of no enemy, for llwre there is neither hostile post
nor arsenal. Thence also the fleets of England may
bear down upon the coasts of the United States, as they
have done in the last war. This station is, then, one of
the highest importance to the British interests. Next
in consideration come the Bahama, or Lucaya Wands,
in the Atlantic Ocean (one of which islands was the
first land of the new world descried by Columbus, in
492), and which.extend along the coast of Florida to
Cuba. The passage bet% eel' the two banks and the
Continent is galled the New Channel of Bahama, or
Gulf of Florida ; and the passage between the great
batik and Cuba, the Old Channel of Bahama. In fact,
they lie in the direct passage from the Caribbee, that is,
from the Leeward and Windward Islands to -the ncir-
them parts of America; and in that, sshiclr sersiesas. a
conavusication between both portions of that Conti-
nent. In time this passage will become the most fre-
quented in the universe, when it shall have rendered to
North and South America the means of fully shewingto
the World, that they are capable of fulfilling tlfe*desti-
nies which nature and their own liberty point out to be
theirs. England has not omitted to fortify_ one of these
insular points, and to make herself the mistress ofthat
important part of the ocean: she has raised another
Gibraltar at New Providence. . .
A great portion of the Antilles, or Caribbee Islands,
belong to England ; and by the last war she added to
her possessions the Spanish Island of Trinidad, and the
French Island of St. Lucia. The first, which is situ.
ated on the north-east coast of South America, is ex-
tremely.valuable to England, in serving as a point of
contisacial communication with the.ex-Spanish Conti-
nent. It is separated from Paris, on the South, byy-a

channel; and from Cutnana„ on the west, by the Gulf
of Paria. It may be aaig,:to command the mouths of
the Oronoko. The possession of St. Lucia by England
completely checks. Martinique, as a post for offensive
operations; exposes that island at anytime to " the at-
tack of 4 British force, and readers its defence by France
quite impossible. The occupation, therefore, of St.
Lucia has become of no moment to France, nor, indeed,
even Martinique, upon the fortifications of which island
so much money is expended, for she possesses no means
of attacking the islands belonging to Eagland. Inferior
as a naval power to England herself, she can derive no:
assistance from the Spapji!lt marine-in-the -Antilles, be-
cause Spain- holds not an incliof greattnd Upon the Ame-
tican Continent, and her colony of Cuba can scarcely
be considered as under her controbl. In this American
Archipelago, England possesses all the means of de-
fence and attack. She has her arsenal at Antigua, one
'of the Antilles; her.ports at Barbad9es, the easternmost
of the Caribbee Islands; as also at Jamaica, whence she
may direct, at .Pleasure, the means of annoyance against
her enemies, or for her own preservation. The Gulf of
Mexico is not exempt from the presence of British
power; for England possesses; in that (waiter, a vast
extent of territory upon the coasto-fJucatan (a province
and peninsula of New Spain, lying between the bays of
Campeachy and Honduras), whence she is enabled to
procure logwood' and other dye-woods, so essentially
requisite for her manufactories. •
But the island of Trinidad is the most precious ac-
quisition made by England. in these seas. Its proximity
to the new Continent of Spain affords it.considerahle
advantages in opening an inexhaustible market for its
manufactures. This island possesses excellent harbours,
and is very fruitful. Unproductive ia the hands of the
Spaniards, it will obtain that prosperity, under the Bii-
"tisfr sway, of which the negligence and inertness of its
ancient masters had deprived it; scarcely had the En;-
lish been in possession of it during ten years, when its
appearance was entirely changed. The revolution in
America will make the fortune of Trinidad, in keeping
all those potts open, which Spanish tyranny had closed,
and •by causing those vast and rich comtries to pass
from that state of death and misery (t 9 which the
wretched systein adopted by Spain had reduced them),
to a condition of life-and activity—of increase in popu-
lation, as in the means of subsistence. But this posses-
sion of England, so close upon the coasts of America,
!is too important and valuable not to become, at a fu-
ture day, the cause of disagreement between England
and Amesica, whose interest it will be to bring back
Trinidad to its former connexion with the new Conti.;
sent, and to render it an integral portion of the great
American family.. '
England his not disdained the partition of Dutch
Guiana with its ancient possessors ; and at the Congress
of Vienna she procured for herself one-half of the colony
of Surinam, in Guiana.which is a country of South Ame-
rica, on the coast of the Atlantic. England has fre
quently attempted -to eatablish herself upon the coasts
of South Amer ica ; either at the Falkland Islands, ly-
ing in the Atlantic Sea; to the east of the Strait of Ma-
gellan ; or at the island of Juan Fernandez, in the South
Pacific Ocean, lying- 110 leagues west of Chili. By
the occupation of these two points she would command
the whole of South America.

This plan formed part .of a system, which she has
as skilfully conceived, as wisely executed. Spain op-
posed the most strenuens resistance to this project, as-
sisted by France, -in 1770; but a happy reconciliation'
between the parties prevented their having tetourif
to arms: she was, however, less fortunate in her at-
tempt to keep England-at a distance from her Megican.
posses4ons ; for the: English hive established them-
selves in an intermediate position between. New Mexico
and America. In 1790, war was on the eve of bleak-
ing out between- England and Spain, respecting the
possession of Nootka, or King George Sound, a bay on
the West coast of North America, irons which France;
at that time engaged in her own revolution, persuaded
Spain to release herself. Thus it will be seen, that
England has neglected no favourable opportunity to,
establish herself upon the coasts of America, both with
a view to the confirmation of her power, and the in-
crease of her commerce; and that, faithful to the
system which has shewn her the real character and

nature of maritime power, she has cemented and
strengthened those establishments by the occupation of
certain points, the protection of which can be suffi-
ciently maintained by her navy! England pursues the
same sytteni, with similar sound wisdom of plan, and
equal felicity, in all the other parts of the globe.
Between America and Africa, and on the passage on
the Ocean from Europe towards Brazil and Buenos
Ayres, is situated St. Helena ; which fortress, inacces-
sible to all who do not actually hold it in possession, is
a place of anchorage and refreshment to the British
vessels homeward.bound from India, and for those on
their passage out to, or retuning from Brazil ; and, in'
iact, for any English traders to the Southern seas..
This important point has been chosen by England with
marvellous skill, as a sort of stepping-stone between
America and Africa—between Europe and Asia.
The Cape of Good Hope, situated at the Southern
extremity of Africa, and formerly in the possession, of
the Dutch, has fallen into the hands of the iEnglish
since the last war. This position is of incalculattle std-'
vantage to whatever Power shall be master of India.{
When the Dutch powei• and commerce was at its most
favourable period, the posseision of this point of land
was a natural appendage to her Oriental Sovereignty.
It was upon this title that the Portuguese had held the
Cape; and thus it appe.irs, that this Southern extremity
of Africa is the natural' domain of whatever European
Power may rule supreme over the others in India. It
is froM Madras, from Bombay, and from Calcutta,
that the English have effected the conquest of the Cape
of Good Hope. Her views are extended likewise to
the Isle of France, which is situated upon the direct
line of communication with India. As a military point,
it is of the very first importance. The injury which
England received from it during the course of the last
war, has appriscd her of the necessity of not leaving in
the hands of the only Pewer.which is able-to oppose to
her an equality of force, a possession, wbeuce her In-
dian track might be readily interrupted. So great, in-
deed, were the injuries received by England from this
Island, and so evident its high value to ',her; that she
undertnok front India the gigantic exped,ition'of23,oqo
men for its concitieit.. By the treaties of 1614, it was
finally secured to Englaud; and thus the political im-
portance to France of the Isle of Bourbon has been
destroyed. The effect, of this will be, to interdict
France from dreaming of king military establishments
within the reach of the Cape and the Isle of France, as
for instance, at Madagascar; for being situated between
(two British possessions, they would, speedily fall into
the heeds 010 e lif*glish; The two 'coast; of Malabar
'4 Conisnapsiel (the Tomer ktirtibit on the West

coast of Southern Hindostan, and the latter on the Ens!
coast of the same), belong to England. To strengthen
the assurance of their cqntinued possession, she has in-
duced Portugal to cede Cochin to her, which is a Pro.
vince on the West coast .of Southern Hindostan, and
lying between those of Malabar and Travancor; and
iheDutch to give up to her Ceylon, an Island in the
Indian Ocean, separated by a Strait. from the South-
east point of Hindostan. Trincomalee, a sea-port on
the-East coast of Ceylon, possesses a port, which is
considered the finest in the East Indiel; and is of im-
mense importance, as keeping up, or continuing the
line of communication between the two coasts of the
Indian Peninsula, according to the wants and wishes of
its possessor !
Still further, in those distant seas, which are placed
between Asia and America, England has exclusively
appropriated to herself the .vast continent of New Hol-
land, the country which forms the West part of "Terra
Australis:" she has likewise chosen other valuable sta-
tions in the vast Archipelago of the Southern Ocean,
where the prospect of ulterior advantages to her com-
merce seems-to be indefinite, due provision for "which,i
as it may increase, has been wisely made.
In Europe, we observe that every sea is watched and
kept in possession by the policy and naval power of
Great Britain ; for instance, at Gibraltar she retains the
key of the Mediteiranean ; at Malta she concentrates
her command in that see,_ and thus at the same time
keeps iii check Italy, and Africa, and the Levant.
Fr.= Corfu, an Island near the coast of Albania, the
most impot tans of the lonian islands, she can open or
close. the Adriatic; command at once the Eastern :oast
of Italy—the Western coast of Greece—and blockade
at pleasure the three only ports which Austria pos-
sesses; namely, Venice, Trieste, and Fiume, or St. Vito,
a naval station of Istria. Thus the Mediterranean is
entirely in the hands of the British.
Towards the north of Europe we shall discover that
England has been pursuing the same line of policy. At
Jersey, in time nt war, she can closely observe the coasts;
and intercept the navigation of France.. This island
forms an advanced post on Cherbourg. She has in-.
duced Denmark to resign to her the Faro Islands in the
Northern Ocean ; and thence she can intercept every
vessel, which might attempt to escape by the north of
the Shetland Isles, in order to avoid the dangerous pas=•
(age by the British Channel. At Heligoland, an island
in the German Ocean, she observes the mouths of the
Elbe and the Weser, the principal openings of Ger-
many.; and holds the Noiih in check, whose fleets, after,
having safely passed through the Sound (the strait be-
tween Sweden and Denmark, and leading from the
Categat into the Baltic), could .not escape this British
station, which has been happily choien by England as
a watch-tower against Sweden, Denmark, and Russia,
so often ready to unite in hostility to her interesti.—
From this post every attempt at a naval coalition be-
tween the Northern Powers may be checked. Such is
the chain of military naval stations, which England has
thrown round the world. Neier were measures so well
calculated—sO well brought to art together in feli-
citous combination—with such infinite advantages to
the possessor, and with consequences so injurious to
other Powers. s' :

Thus, like a skilful architect? who so disposes the
chambers of a hooii, that each ipartment may facili-
tate communication with the other, England has ar-
ranged her stations of Observation, everywhere on the
,globe, in such a manner, that the passage between all
is at obce secure and convenient. This superb plan was
completed during the last war. She 'now possesses in
addition to -.mailer colonies, out of Europe, four vast
.Empirmr—ranada the Cape in
.Good Hope; the Pe-
ninsula otlndia ; and New Holland. As a Power, not
great in'arilifary 'strength, her object has been to obtain
-possessioni which required but few troops for their
maintenance; aad being chiefly a Naval Power. to ac-
quire thObe u hid could be protected by her fleets.—
This magnificent plan I:as required a judicious saga-
city in its conception, and a rare perseverance in its exe-
cution; and it is the force of her institutions alone
' which has ena:Jled England to apply them with so
much success! We' might ask, if, when France was
equally powerful as is England at the present day, in
America and Asia, she had enjoyed the blessings of
free institutions, equally favourable to the public in-
te.rests, would France have occupied the high station in
the world now possessed by. Britain? No without
doubt. ‘Vith all her natural advantages, France is de-
ficient in free and wise institutions.

If the Revolution had occurred at an earlier period,
France might yet have been ruling in Asia and Ame-
rica, instead of England ; because with similar princi-
ples of Government she would have derived equal ad-
-..antages from the Empire which she has lost : in the
present day that loss could never have taken place.
Montesquieu has said, that there exists in the insti-
tutions of each people, deeply I.tid, the •ices and the
virtues which decide their destinies. France, superior
to England in many respects, would not have remained
her i.Jetior in power, if she had not been below her in
the character of her institutions. The destinies have so
willed it ! While Madame de Pompadour was govern-
ing those who ruled in France, Chatham held the reins
of power in England : and the natural consequence was,
;that France should lose, and that England should gain
India and America I Again, when Prince Eugene and
the Duke of Marlborough were about to give battle to
Villeroi, the result, was readily anticipated, and every
one knew beforehand that France would be beaten.

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