Star.
London, England, 1831-04-27 00:00:00

site to assure. When all the ingenuity of extortion
could extract no more to lavish, Peace ensued ; and with
' it, a farther increase of all the sufferings of poverty, than bad
ever been experienced during the war; for war had
brought with it a degree of compensating activity, in certain
lines of human industry, which failed entirely on its
cessation, and left the nation, like a drunkard,
after the extra excitement of a debauch. Foreign

commerce failed from foreign competition ; and pro-
fitable manufactures failed, partly from the same cause. The
produce of land fell in its nominal value—and the revenues
required could not be diminished. Certain productive ener-
gies of the eountry had been artificially forced forward, so
as to occupy large masses of the population—but human
ingenuity, intensely concentrated to economise human labour,
at last succeeded in throwing out of employment the very
sentient beings, which the same object had converted into
physical automata. ' Then came the times to which
we are now brought. Even the most artificially de-
graded human automaton will not starve, while he
has a bludgeon in every hedge, and the food is to
be had. Before the bludgeon is called into use, a
wise Government, by ono of the most signal dispensations
'of a Superintending Providence, that perhaps ever
became a cause of human gratitude, received the au-
thority from a chosen King, to retort's at the source, the
cause of all the evil. This is an abstract of our history.
But it is weil known, that no good ever is accomplished
for man, without his own exertion. He must always be
the operative means of his own emancipation ; and English-
men, although placed now on the " vantage ground," have
still a battle to fight. Let them not then slumber on
the field.

Montreal papers to the 24th of March, and Quebec pa-
pers to the 23d of the same month, are received this day.
The former give the speech of Sir Join/ COLBORN E, on
proroguing the legislative senate of Upper Canada—the
only important feature of which is the announcement of the
bills which have received his Excellency's sanction,
namely—one, which grants a limited Civil List, dur-
ing the life time of the KING ; and another for ap-
propriating fifty thousand pounds for the Welland Canal.
It appears that the Kingston Bank Bill did not pass the
Legislative Assembly.
The Quebec Papers have an extract from the York Ad-
vocate, of the 10th March, to the following effect :—" After
a debate of nine hours, the executive party in the Assembly
have carried all before them; and after refusing to make any
inquiry of the Lieutenant-Governor concerning the use here-
after of the twenty-six thousand pounds' annual revenue
derived from the Canada Company, passed two resolutions
by triumphant majorities, making the Governor of the coun-
try more independent of all future Assemblies."

We have the Austrian Observer of the 15th, and the
Allgenieine Zeitung of the 20th instant, this day. The lit-

ter contains a very interesting communication from Constan-
tinople; by which we learn the gratifying fact, that the
OTTOMAN PORTE is prosecuting some admirable plans of
moral improvement, in which we most sincerely wish it
every success :

VtuttwA, Aran 14.—AeecIrding to accounts from the Polish boa-
tiers of the 11th inst. a spirit of discontent is spreading more sod more,
especially among the peasantry in those parts of the Kingdom of Po-
land which lie on the left bank of the Vistula. A sensible scarcity of
provision is felt in the country; the little that is in hand is sent to the
army, and the operations of agriculture are nearly suspended, for want
of seed corn.

The Globe of Paris contains a letter from Florence of the 24th of
March, which has the following sentences : " One thousand six hun-
dred Austrians have just marched through our city on their way to
Rome. Tuscany begins to move—the arrival of these troops has ex-
cited an extraordinary fermentation among the people." This is another
specimen of the kind of news which the Journals of the faction are not
ashamed to lay before their readers.—Justrion Observer, April 16.
CONSTAITTINOPLII, MARCH 11.—(Faost • Leeesa.)—The
Porte manifests, by almost daily ordinances, its zeal in prosecuting the
plans of civilization which it has commenced. It seems that we are to
have a University at least, It is known that the Sultan has asked the
French Ambassador, Count Guilleminot for a plan. According to this
plan, instead of the Latin language, employed in the French academies
in the elementary classes. the indent Greek would be introduced, and
then the learning of the French language be attended to.
The salaries of the Professors, and all other expences to be
defrayed by the State; and all Turkish subjects, without distinction of
religion, to be admissible. The patriarchs are in future to have the
regulation of the payment of the poll-tax."
The Courtier de Sterne gives the chief articles of a Hatti Selma;
which the Sultan has issued, in favour of the Rajas, and for the intro-
duction of a better administration in general. Every Raja, or subject
of the Porte, protected by the other powers, who has obtained the
Ottoman flag for the purpose of navigation, shall enjoye the fol.
lowing privileges. The Captain wears the uniform of
naval troops; the sailors have not to pay either the poll-tax,
Karatsch, or any other personal tax. Goods shipped under this
flag are to be allowed a reduction of 10 per cent. on the dudes fixed by
the Tariff, for the most favoured European flag. Vessels under the
Turkish flag shall be absolutely exempt from search. The goods be-
longing to the captain and crew, may be conveyed and sold wherever
the owners think it advantageous, without the government being Md.
tied to a new transit entry. The sailors shall be inscribed in the Cap-
tain Pasha's list. The Reyes, that is, the Greeks, Armenians, Catho.
lie Armenians, and Jews, as well as the Turks, shall all be equal in the
eye of the laws ; nor shall a Mussulman be entitled, as such, to any
exclusive privilege. In all the parts of Runzzlia that have suffered by
the war, the sultan has caused sums of money to be distributed; and
will send cargoes of corn, cheese, butter, and of a provisions, to be dis-
tributed/rads amongst the poor Rajas. He has also given one thou-
sand purses to the Holy Sepulchre. In order to defray the expenses
of the enormous load of debt, ft is resolved, that all the Greeks in the
Turkish dominions, shall pay a piastre per head, foe the benefit of the
holy places, to redeem the debt which has been swelled by the bed con.
duct of the Pachas, and of the Greek Priests ; and to defray the expense
of repairing the temple of the Christians. The Sultan has formed a
plan to organise a police on the European system ; and, with this view,
has asked the Foreign Ambassadors for a list of all the persons
known to them ; for, on a gross calculation, it is found that
two individuals out of three, are without any protection whatever; which
gives occasion to a thousand abuses—equally unpleasant to the Porte I
and to the Ambassadors themselves. The Ambassadors, however, have
not yet complied with this request ; the Sultan, therefore, considers
himself bound to make it for the third time; and if it is not regarded.,
he will send ambassadors to the foreign Courts, and apply to the dove-
reigns themselves.
With respect to the islands and provinces, not included in the new
Greek State, be grants them the following privileges:—The Turkish
Governors shall be subject in all their proceedings to the decisions
of the Municipal Council, composed of the primates. The
inhabitants can be judged only according to their own laws, and
never be withdrawn from their natural judges ; the Turkish Governor
can punish nobody without sentence, and the approbation of their Pri.
mate. The, inhabitants of Samos shall not have in their island, either
a Cs& or a Turkish Governors they may, if they please, require a
Greek, their countryman, foe their Governor. They shall be allowed
to have a flag of their own, on which the sacred cross of the Christians
shall be displayed s all the Rajas shall wear the uniform of the regular
troops the troops shall immediately lay aside all the orders which they
wear, and such insignia shall be granted only as rewards for valour.
The Turkish soldier shall wear an epaulette, to distinguish him from
the Eng.—Supplement to Allgentebte Zealot& April 20.

Another Lisbon Mail has arrived this day, bringing Ga-
zettes to the 16th instant. Private advice& to a later date
(the details of which we expect to be able to lay before our
Reader& to-morrow) affirm, that the headstrong and ignorant

MIGUEL had actually given notice to all the French residents
to quit his capital by the 19th instant :

Lissow.—The Lisbon Gazettes from the 11th to the 16th of April,
both inclusive, contain no political news whatever relative to Portugal.
Among the extracts from Foreign Joutnals, are very long articles from
the Madrid and Cadiz,Gazettes, reiativeto the late attempts of the Coned.
tationelists in the South of Spain. Among the names of potions stated
to bane been shot, for having belonged to the band of Mazanates, is
Diego Hillhouse, of Gibraltar, a tailor by profession, and a protestant,
who, before his execution, embraced the Catholic Religion.

At a late hour this afternoon, we received Dutch papers
to the 26th instant. Their contents are not of prominent
interest; we, however, subjoin a few extracts:

Hateun, Aram 21.—The amount ascribed to the loan of 42 mil-
lions, was on the 2d, (as far as known) 14,385,300 florins. A very
large sum yes subscribed here yesterday.
On Thursday last Prince Frederick reviewed the second brigade of
the fist division, consisting of 5,040 men, on the Heath of (linneken.
Friday be reviewed the first brigade, and yesterday several divisions of
cavalry. His Royal Highness was satisfied with the good appearance,
discipline, and precision of the troops. He was everywhere received
with the loudest acclamations of the troops.
Reports from Maestricht, of the 15th, say that every thing in the for.
tress is in the best condition, and that the inhabitants are daily sup-
plied with provisions in abundance, from the neighbouring villages.
The assurance company at Antwerp has addressed a remonstrance
to the French and Belgic Governments, and to the Congress at London,
against the new act for regulating the navigation of the Rhine, which
is very unfavourable to the trade of Antwerp.
We learn that the Lleutenant-Generals, commanding divisions, are
now at :their posts, except the Duke of Saxe-Weimar, hose
presence is still required in Luxemburg. His division is commanded
ad interim by General des Tombe.
The frontier villages of Belgium seem to be very full of troops,--
part of them are said to have gone towards Maestricht, in which dime.
don troops seem to be proceeding from other parts of Belgium.
Asx-La-Caarsr.s.n, April 20.—Notice has been given by the royal
be
'council of the province, that on the 25th inst. tenders will received
by the Governor General of Luxemburg, for the subsistence of the
g o:Prussian troops which is to occupy Luxemburg and this, from
Con , Coblents, and Mayence, to the frontiers of that province.

CITY. ONE O'CLOCK.
Owing to the preparations for the illuminations this night,
all is bustle in the City, and little doing at present in the
Funds, which opened at the same price they left off yester-
day-78ii for the Account, but have receded to 78fi.
CITY. TWO O'CLOCK.
The Dutch steamer has arrived, and we have papers of
the 26th, from Amsterdam, but they do not contain any
later accounts from Poland.
Amongst the dollars which have arrived from Mexico,
there are 26,000, to pay the bondholders.
Some of the private letters from Lisbon state that the
French merchants had embarked on board the French ships,
on the 16th inst.

Consols are rather heavy at present, and have been done
at 781 for the account ; at present they are 78a buyers.
According to all appearance, there will be an obstinate
contest for the city election on the part of Mr. Ward.
In the Foreign Funds little or nothing doing.

It is with extreme regret that we feel it necessary to
apologise to the numerous friends of General GASCOTNE,
for having alarmed them by the insertion of a paragraph,
announcing the sudden death of that gentleman in yesterday's
STAR. The intelligence came to us from a channel in which
we thought we could place the most implicit confidence,
and we cannot even now account for the deception. It
now, however, affords us pleasure to assure the friends of
General GAISCOTNZ, that he left his house in South
Audley-street, yesterday, at 10 o'clock, for Liverpool, in his
usual excellent health.

We have the following posted at the North and South
American Coffee-house :

FALMOUTH, APRIL 25.—The Tyrian packet is just
arrived from Mexico, with a freight of ten tons of money,
and no passengers. By this packet we have received Vera
Crux papers to the 24th February, which confirm the cap-
ture and execution of General Guerrero. The Government
has granted a pension of 3,000 dollars annually to the widow
and children. All was tranquil there.
The private letters from Lisbon, by the packet which
sailed on the 17th, state, that no answer was, as yet, given
to the French Consul, and he was to go on board the French
ships on the 18th inst.

HER MAJESTY'S BALL

Her Majesty gave her first state ball since her accession
to the throne, on Monday evening, in honour of the birth-
day of the Duchess of Gloucester, at the palace at St.
James's. The preparations for the entertainment were of
the most extensive nature. A temporary orchestra was fitted
up on the south side of the ball-room for the quadrille band.
At the east end, a platform covered with crimson cloth was
raised the entire width, for the accommodation of their

Majesties and the Members of the Royal Family. The
company began to arrive at half-past nine o'clock, and
continued setting down without intermission for an hour
and a half. The dresses worn by the Ladies were most of
them new for the occasion, and were in numerous instances
remarkable for their richness and elegance. The head-
dresses were most elegant, there being a profuse display of
costly ornaments. His Majesty entered the ball-room at a
quarter past ten o'clock ; the two bands immediately struck
up " God save the King." The Queen, the Duke, Du-
chess, and Prince George of Cumberland, the Duke of
Sussex, the Landgravine of Hesse Homberg, the Princess
Augusta, the Duchess of Kent, Prince Leopold, the Duke
and Duchess of Gloucester, Prince George of Cambridge,
followed soon afterwards. His Majesty was habited in a
Field Marshal's uniform.

At one o'clock supper was served in the Banquetting
Room. This splendid apartment had a most magnificent
appearance ; down both the sides and at the west end ex-
tended a range of tables, elegantly set out with every delicacy
and variety that could be procured, on gold and silver plate.
The ornamental confectionary in the middle of the tables ex-
hibited great ingenuity, and was admirably executed. After
supper the King retired ; the Queen returned to the ball-
room. accompanied by the Duchess of Kent and the Duchess
of Gloucester.
The Duke of Gloucester left at eleven o'clock, having
but recently recovered from his indisposition. Her Majesty
left the rooms at balf•past two o'clock; the company soon
afterwards quitted the Palace. The company was very nu-
merous. The King, attended by Sir Benjamin Stephenson,
left town at 20 minutes before 11 o'clock yesterday moan-
ing, for Kew.
His Majesty returned to St. James's palace about six
o'clock.

The Queen, attended by Lady Brownlow, hououred the
public breakfast given yesterday morning, by the Duke of
Devonshire, at his residence at Chiswick, with her presence.
The Landgravine of Hesse Homberg and the Duchess of
Gloucester were also present.
The KING and QUEEN took an airing on Sunday twice
round the Regent's Park, and afterwards in Hyde Park,
where they were received with enthusiastic acclamations.—
Their Majesties were observed to be in remarkable health

and spititi.
The boronghmongers agents, with the view of ad-
ministering to the bad feeling of their patrons, cir-
culated a report on Monday that Earl Grey was very seri-
ously indisposed, and was confined to his Chamber
though at the very time the falsehood was published his
Lordship was riding in Hyde Park in excellent health, and
conversing cheerfully with an acquaintance.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.
FRANCE.

It can no longer be dissembled that the Peerage has in-
flicted on itself a fatal blow ; it has not feared to show• itself
openly hostile to the revolution of 1830 ; it has destroyed
itself in public opinion, and its fit of frankness, its mani-
festation of guilty hopes will, no doubt, be turned to ac.
count by the Government. The re-constitution of the
Peerage has become a necessity, and will be the work of the
new Chamber of Deputies.—Constitutionnel.
M. Casimir Perier, son of the President of the Council,
left Paris yesterday for Lontn, with Government des_
patches.
The Gazette de Fraxce states that the retirement of
General Sebastiani and Count Montalivet from the Cabinet
has become a topic of general conversation.
The Tribune repeats, but without giving credit to it, a
report that 20 new peers are to be created before the
opening of the next Session of the Chamber.
" We are assured," says the Journal du Havre, " that
it was only an instant before the King set out for the
Seance Royale, that the allusion to the discussion of the
Chamber of Peers of the day before was tacked to the
King's Speech."
The disclosure, observes the Quotodienne, is of some
importance at a moment that a dissension is said to exist in
the Cabinet.

PalNes TA LLEYRAND." The vans and conveyances
on the road to Calais," says the Quotidienne, " have been
for some days past exclusively engaged with the removal of
the furniture of the Prince de Talleyrand to London. It is
asserted that this personage has borrowed large sums upon
his landed property in France ; so that it appears as if he
never intended to return to his native land."

The Tamps, Paris paper, is uniformly treated by the other
Journals of that capital, who must be acknowledged the
best judges of the polemique of each other, as an organ of
the present government. It was originally founded by, and
is to this day, in a great degree, the property of the Prime
Minister, M. Casimir Perier, who, before his accession to
his present high office, was a writer in it. It is, therefore,
in the confidence of the ministry, and may, without very
great impropriety, be called a semi-official paper.
POLAND.

The following is an authentic account of the number of
prisoners, pieces of artillery, ammunition, money, &c. which
have been captured by the Polish troops between the 31st
of March and the sth of April, the whole of which have ar-
rived at Warsaw:

`• 12,300 privates, 120 officers, 8 colonels, 3 generals, 1
general apothecary, 3 field apothecaries, 1 bishop, 2 priests,
and a church establishment.

" lilonEr.-88,000 rubles, 20,000 ducats.
" CaNmox-21 pieces, with harness, &c.
" Suumatza-100,000 shirts, 7 standards, 00 baggage waggons,
64 powder ditto, 11 officers' equipages."
On the sth of April the Poles also succeeded in defeating
the Russians ; on which occasion the numbers were as follow :
10,000 killed, 4,000 prisms', and 16 pieces of artillery."
This last engagement was with Generals Geismar and
Rosen's detachments, which are supposed to consist of about
80,000 men.

General Rosen was amongst the prisoners.
Several Estafettes arrived from Lemberg (capital of Gal-
lecia) from the Russian frontier, announce that a revolt has
burst out in Volhynia, that a fire at Polanjew, upon the
frontiers of Gallacia, had given the signal ; they heard the
cannon upon the Austrian frontiers, and even the musketry.
As this news did not arrive at Warsaw direct from Lemberg,
but from Cracow, we wait the confirmation. On the other
side, a letter from Brody, April 1, contains the following :
It is certain that at the little town of Polanjew, 4 miles from
Brody,the inhabitants have risen against the Russian Govern-
ment. The Basiliens, to the number of several hundreds,
have excited the people. This order of ecclesiastics, occu-
pies a great fortified monastery (one of the largest and richest
in Europe), sufficient to be converted into a fortress. Yester-
day evening we heard a heavy canonading : and it is pro-
bable they fought at Berestecyko, at two miles from
here. We are also assured that a detachment of Po-
lish troops, of the corps of General Dwernicki,
has arrived upon the Volhynian territory. The
Austrian Consul announced at midnight to the autho-
rities of Brady, that the garrison of the frontiers would be
reinforced by Austria. In consequence of that communica-
tion, an Estafette was despatched for Lemberg. P.S. At
this moment we learn by Estafette that a strong division of
Polish troops has arrived at Radziwillow. The Courier of
Poland announces that some hundreds of cossacks, separated
from the bulk of the army, are in the woods of Minsk, and
that a corps of Polish troops has left Warsaw to take them.
The inhabitants of Praga are returned to their habitations.
We are assured that the Polish Hulans have taken a courier
sent by Marshal Diebitsch to the Emperor Nicholas, bearing
very important despatches.
ITALY.
_ _

MANTUA, APRIL I2.—A part of the Austrian troops,
has received orders to quit the estates of the Pope, and to
retire into the Duchies of Parma and Modena, and on the
line of the Po. This movement cannot be regarded as an
evacuation, because strong garrisons will remain in all the
towns of Romagna. In this fine country the towns are only
two or three leagues distance from each other. The Austrian
domination will therefore extend like a net over the country
which the troops will be supposed to have evacuated. At
the first signal, the columns that will remain at Ferrara, and
on the Modenese territory, may easily call together, in cue
of need, all the detached garrisons, and in a few days the
Austrian troops again form an army.
It was reported at Milan, that a revolutionary movement
was going to take place. The police took extraordinary
precautions.
An accident having deranged the peal of bells at mid-
night, so that the strokes of the bummers succeeded very
rapidly, the police thought that the tocsin was sounded ; the
troops were immediately on foot, and traversed the city in
all directions to seize the conspirators ; and it was some tune
lbefore the causes of the noise were discovered. The next
day the garrison was laughed at by the whole city ; since
that time, however, two cannons have been placed in the Ex-
change, and two others before the Viceroy's Palace. There
.
are also at Milan 96 cannon in the Circus. The garrison
consists of 3,000 artillery and_lo,ooo troops of the line.

_ SPAIN.
BA RCELON A, APRIL 15.—An appalling exhibition has
to-day been presented to the inhabitants of this city : uo
lees than six executions have taken place—three military'
men were shot, and as many citizens hanged. The number
of executions must soon increase to a considerable derest se
the prisons are filling with fresh victims every day. Os the
evening of the 9th alone eight persons were arrested; they
are men of property, and are charged with having formed a
conspiracy to overthrow the government and re-establish the
constitution. A report has been spread by the ultra-Royal'
ism that all the papers and plans relating to this conaPhiq
have been seized by the authorities, as also a model for the
pillar of the conagtution, which was to be placed in the
principal square of Barcelona, and ornamented with a tree
of liberty, and the following inscription :—" The constitu-
tion or death."

PORTUGAL
The following is an extract of a letter from Lisbon, dated
April 9:—The French Consul has received instructions from
his court to demand most ample satisfaction of the tyran-
nical Government of Don Miguel for the acts of aggression