Star.
London, England, 1801-02-03 00:00:00

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mow forcibly be applied what was once by. 46 do-
goon Orator (Mr. Burke) applied to Flance.--/
fee a Fs') in the map of Ettrope where once was
:firm. Oar •bloucl- and ••treaftare !till. wafted
instead of holt ilities with France, we are now to be
:it war with all Europe. Oar-Soldiers have not
.he confolation of national honour to cheer them:
amid their diflrcfas form of them perish in the
fwamrs of Holland, others die in the holds of tram=
ports without the fatisfaa ion of retletrting that they
have contributed to co: fer luflre upon the national
cli.tra4ter, or aLiel to its fame. Still our e::peditions
go,,tintic, and become laughing flocks of Europe ;
on, is fent from Btell to Cadiz, from Cadiz to
lei tot, from Ferrol, to Leghorn, and from Leg.
horn to perifh upon the burning land; of Egypt.
IVi:h rcfpea to Egypt, I till ft the lubjedt is
yct gi, en up, but w!il again become a matter of
y. Had it not been for a flagrant breach
of taith in his Majeftv's NLniliers, Egypt would
not now he in the polliflion of the French. In
fending inaruelions to Lord Keith not to obey the
Convention concluded with the French army, they'
committed a direa and politive violation ofnational
honour. On the fubjal of the fcarcity of Grain,
I truft the invelligation of !alt Sellion will be re- j
%wed in this, and that a clofcr and more minute
enquiry wjll take place. If it is not praeticable to
carry on fuch an enquiry in a Committee of the
whole Houle, it will be neceffary to have a Special
and Secret Committee for the purpofe. To what ajl
lituation is this country reduced by the imbecility
of his Mikity's Minifters ? The national honour
tarniflted and difgraced—its faith broken and vio-
kited—its credit funk--its paper depreciated, and
its public fpirit dormant and funk in apathy. But
all is not yet loft—the national honour though tar-
nifhed is not loft; its faith though violated is yet
refpetnable: its credit though funk is not irretrieve-
able s its paper though depreciated may atilt be re-
covered ; and its public fpirit though dormant and
funk in apathy, may yet be roufed to vigour and
energy. By a vigorous yet temptrate condo& ; by
a arta and • ••id adherence to I faith ;by a

rigit
well regulated economy, Wry firm and ener•
gene matures, all may yet be recovered. Bin by
rlen wholly different from his Majeftyis Minifters.
I null the Houfe will agree with me in the necet-
fity there is for inquiry before we fatiflion a war
Cat tray place us in a critical artistica, before we
finkFtion the. conduit of Minifters in the precipitate
inz.tfures they purfued, and before we content to
appropriate the blOod and treaffire of the. nation to
an objea not proved to be worth the price given
for its attainment. If,- after a fair and candid in-
quiry, the national honour appears to be.really in-
volved ; if an intuit has been offered for which fa-
tisf.taion Mud be obtained—if war is uoavoidable,
then there is no doubt of the deterinination of the
Howe—then there is no doubt of this determia d
(pint of the nation to make every neceffary facri-
fie, and purfuc the war, if poffible, to a fueceff-
fol termination. Erhaufled as I am, I than not
dwell any longer upon the topics I have intwiduc.
ea, but chit upon every Member to vote confcier-
tiouty ttiton the qoelliOn. If he has hith.rto Cup
ported his Majellys Minifters, let him weigh well
their conduit before lie again gives them a vote. I
have heard of fent who have fupported mcafures
they did not in their hearts approve ; they perhaps
might have rutted this tondua in hopes of foon
Peeing a favourable change• in thofe men whom
they fupported. Let theta now be convinced that
a favourable change is no longer to be expeaed, and
defert thole whole meatuses they cannot approve."
Mr. Grey concluded by moving an Amendment,
in fubilance to the following ewce, after the thanks
to his Majeily,
That your Mikfty's faithful Commons will enquire with
all polhille diligence and expedition into.the condudt or Ruffin
and the Northern Powers togneds this country ; Wining your
lisicaly at the Came tin*, gift itould S becorue ncce sry to
is ~inakc tie tuitional bonne and charader by having moor&
t, war, yoor Iltsfeity s Commons will not be.windns
is :-ifording L'lnfe Inppliog :.%oryto efereits reedy and foe•
ce.cti termination; confident tisey will be applied with the tn.
vat thgaitY and ace:tong tiger& the micas for which
Ley were votes{,"
The Cii AIeCIELLOR Of the EXCltiky ;It rofe, imme-
Ziately after the Amendment moved by Mr. Grey. •
.end addreired the Houk toahe following eTe .
—" Sir, &fore I follow the Hon. Gentleman
I.:er lime of the .wounds which be has taken, I
royfelf called upon to notice a remark which
he has throyn out, and on else ihrerigth of which
he teems to ref' with no incontiderable degree of
confidence. The Hon. Gentleman teems iii 4 ed
to value hinifell upon his ottferration—that the
Minority of this Houfc May be confideredos (peak-
ing the (cute of the Majority. But if I were crew
to admit this flrange poiltion. the conclulions to
which it would lead, would nut be fo very advasi-
-1.-.geous to the Hon. Gentleman hinifell. to 'both
sah whom he aaed, or the country at large. If
ft., I would a& him, whether the great auCIMPA.
rslleled efforts made by us during an unintei
continuance of nine years, with which we =1 1
Emily met the viciffitudes of war—l would elk
'art,,s whether the refulance sae have evinced, and
`"ePareverance we have difplayed, amid ealard•
ves tine:paled and unprczedonted.—l would alt
Lim, whether the proteaion Which, from the bel-
t:lnes to the lateft period cif this trying contaii,
we have extended to the Powers of Europe, and
the glorious exception which we now make to al)
ireEu to be confiderisd as no proofs of the
fa country ? If the remark which he has
1114de be founded, it would berme., that all thole
of heroifm which hive fo highly diftistrisoed
%Lc name and eharaiter. were Pe
cPpofition to the feminism of the people of
4rglaud ; and it would be. equally true that they
wr.re performed in ()menial to the inters & of the
loopk of England. I do not, Sir, believe *millers
any of thefe at prefeeke among us, who fat in
'le WI Sefton of Parliarpoot„ and who have either.
hilly or collatendly difented-with us all theAnsg.
sous which were then nesse! that
..irould
atly to forego the opkikos ebe; have formed. • I
do bet believe that thole. 'gushers who are fo tray
,hable acceffion to the talents and numbers of
'`,4 Houk will look upon that ineature by which
they have been enabled to maims with as the
t`tPiefentation of the United Kingdoms, in the
me fight as the lion. Gentleman i forodniii we
"'re "Sari in :dittos oor national Aday, and

. . .
- : its averting the clo4o,ers u.115T-Al.,..rze a st:11
.r...irnp.:,
' 1 they alto had thew iliarz of-h moat.' ow and meri.
i 1 torious eyertim,. They %%a:iv alfn expe f_d to pe-
rils of the molt alarming k:nd, and were Contend-
: , ing with Jacobliiiim in arms ; and I am tenlible
. I that there is no kntiment in his Majefly's Speech
• more calculated to excite hone and imprels confi-
dence, than the conviction, that the confolidation
• of the United Kingdom will form a memorable
• i era, and produce, in the prefent important cries.
I vigour, energy, nod firmnefs, adequate to the cir-
, cundlances and exigencies of our fituation. 1111.41
not trouble the Houle much by following the
Hon. Gentleman through all the topics and wind.
ings of his Ipecch, but (hall content myfelf with
clitintifing the great and prominent feature of it,
I mean, the difference with tefpea to v.hich we
are at ifilie with the 'Maritime Powers of the
1 North. I confels that part of his fpc.:ch has filled
I me with amazement, both in regard ;o the Min-
i ner in which he has managed the whole, as tell as
the various details of his fubjeft. I am ready to 1
I admit, that he has not exprefred any doubt on the
plaice of the claims of this country, or on the int-
1 portance of the Hate. On other points, however, he
has had material doubts. For, tho' it Mould appear
I that our right is undeniable, though it fliould turn ;
oat that every thing upon which our caret), depends.
i that our commerce, our naval power, our very ex- 1
e silicate, as a great and independent nation, are in-
1 feparably connected with this tight—.yet he defirec
! we should confers and proclaim that we are left
without the power of maintaining the contell.
He allows the jullice of our claim, but doubts
our ability to afrat it. I chat!, in die few i'bfer.
• various I have to offer upon this fubjz&, follow
the Hon. Gentleman in order; at leaft as far as my
reeolleelion may ferve me. I flail begin with his
doubts, and proceed to his certainties ; for he un-
fortunately doubted where he had certainty to
fupport him, and he was onbircertain where he
could find nothing but doubts. The firft doubt
that prefented Will' to him was the uncertainty
of our claim. He gave Us; leffon of jallice, and
obferving that• tbsia.ws of julliee were immu-
table, he very properly inferred that no claim
could be good buttlt which was founded in jut'.
tice. iref if I miflake n-it, I beard him in the
courfe of his Meech allude to the expediency of
entering into e otiations of Peace with the Go.
Ventment sof e, when propolals to that effect
were made to this consitry. I cannot eerily per.
ceive with What confikacy the Hon. Gentleman
will reconcile thi; do&rine of expediency to his
da4l'rhie t,fjallice. Did hf forget that fuch a
power canted as Auftria. With whom we were
connected by the moll folemn engagements : and
what Llcomes of his leffon of juftice, when (•ppof-
ed to his fyllem of expediency ?--( A gearrd cry if
bear! be r.. bear .I)—T4c Honourable Gentleman's
expediency oppofed to his immutability of juilice,•
would make us violate the moll facred contraft,
and conclude a feparate peace. with France, at the
very Moment when *e were bound, by every pis it.
aide of honour, end A pcifitive p dge, not to fe-
parate our intcrelle front. thpfe of ullria" [Here
Mr. Grey whifperod ;coifs the tale, that lie had
not referred to,the principle, but adduced the in-
(lance a 4 :palter a: fad.]
.ge I will then, Sir,
argue the dotleine, and I hope the Hon. Gentle-
man
will make no demurrer to the principle.
Doubting has ctrtainly come excellent properties, ;
yet here the application of it is altogether ilrange,
and cannot be attended with any beneficial re-
fie.ti. What he doubts fo very much has been
certain and ellablifhed, and recognized for cen-
turies. It has been corroborated by the invariable
dccilions of our public tribunals ; it has hien tine-
ticled by the Parliaments of the country—it has
been adopted, and carried, with innumerable ad-
vantages, into eget by a long fuccerion of Statef-
men. This Amiss of doubt appears to lead to,
that prefeription which often ortgqiates is fcepti-
cifm. I' (lipoid like to know -,aether in every
period of the moll dillinguifh:d•Wars, conduAed
for the advantage of the country, the principle
which is Ow the fubjeft of our aline* with the
maritime powers of the North, Was not invariably
maintained ? I lbould like to know whether it
ever occurred to any pet fon before the prefent
moment tp emborrafs Govenstneut duriug the
moil tiying changes and ii.ilLtpdes, by (Wing a
doubt ? I Wive this is the firil time the Haute
has be= ever called upon to reject fuch a tranion
as that which is now fubmitted to them upon un-
certain and dubiousgrounds. I have a nght to
confider the principle upon which our claim IN
foundedas the Law of the Land, for the iNl'..O i-
tale Law, whets duly recoznizecl, viaticums ;:art
of the Law of the Land. la nukiez this (tate-
ment, I beg leave to refer to the opinion cf many
Gentlemen who hear me, where knowledge and
experience are not like the remarks of the Ho-
nourable Gentleman, .fubjefts of doubt. But
coaling to the principle as applying to the
a:well-to which We are espated by the 'Anion
ofour cla:m, his doubts appear to me to arife
from not having minutely looked into the fubjea,
1 mean, our right of preventing neutrals from
currying on a commerce with the tunny's goods.
And here, Sir, the queftion for your confeder-
ation offers itfelf in two clear and ddlina views.
You arc in the firft place called upon. to examine
it according to the general law of =loos, and in
die neat it will be =celery to afcereain its relation
to the precife views, circumilaisees, treaties, and
fuggellions that have occurred. With refpea to
thel.aw of Nations, I certainly do not pretend
to be vorf_converfant in that code, but I mull fay,
that die Hon. Gentleman has fallen into the fame
miftake as the advocates of the Northern Courts.
'For thiitigh peculiar cafes and cirri:manures may
have taken place, he does not (cent to be aware
that every erect *rifts' from a pFticulao treaty
in contradiftion to thepincititis only a cot.
ether:don of the principle. Hon. Gentle-
Man has mentioned with Come exultation the
Treaty of Commerce with Franc, in 1787 1 bat
jive me leave to obferre, that be alto does re-
ran" that it was e y Rated as the ground
dthat treaty. that =Wit% Do ekrelielien of the
Foci • 'plc• For his Hon. Friend, to wkofit aair
think! be Us alluded, contended that even to
admit by &porairs Coaraiion the anacjiicei 90.

a tlo,, ni 1. 'Com 1,%. principle, could not ji,i.kli.
P:dditc „r lit it mid,. It mutt Oa:idol.: be t;ivients,
that the prhiziaL has raver been given up. But
as the shale law of nations lands firm and Un-
dilinited, 1 nfight go 'till farther, and giv.. to the
Hon. Gentleman every deduertion and advantage
he desires, and I would then fairly :elk him, what
ben.:fit he would hope to derive from the point
%chid' he laiiimrs to eltablith ? If he finds for
forty years pal :icular treaties or circumitances all
concurring to prove in his favour what I am ready
to concede to him, he will !till difcover that they
have but left the law and the principle found and
untoticlaal as they were at firtt. But if, on the
culinary, we ice that they have not in any in-
Rance been a'aandoned, how much more forcible
does this argamicat appear? 1-lad there been a
general con!; ra, a common agreement expreffed
and entered int:, by the Powers of Europe, the
cafe, I gtatat, svould has C been widely different.
But here va: have only implication at the utmoft,
and to this implication I oppofe statements folcmn
aunt irrethlibie. Independently of the Law of
nations—Lel:pendently of the reafons from which
that law emanated, and to which ;alias in its turn
•j given birth, you have to toote in contradklion to
i any relaxation of the principle, the crorefs letter
of diftinft treaties, by which tic Powers now in
difPute and at atm with this country are bound
and pledged to you : yon have to quote in your
jultihcmian the Ipecthe Treaties concluded with
Sweden, Denmark, and Itutlia. I floe this
not merely in fupport of otu claim, but in
aggravation of th;ir conduit. You have to
urge, Sir, the Treaties made with Denniatk and
Sweden in the years i6lit and 1670, both of which
remain in force, and are not ellfputed, and which
it is impoflible for any Gentleman to tread without
facing the principle clearly reciamitedin its nature
and eonfeemences. With reap.: a to Ruilia, I main-
tain
that the principle was never conceded. We
would not forfeit it for any benefits, however valu-
able they might prove. No benefits, however great,
could induce us to make a concetlion fa injurious
to the true and permanent interelts of the nation ;1
and it will be found that in the Convention of 1793,
Rullia bound herfelf by dire& and caprefs terms
flriftly to oblerve this principle, while the at the
Lune time declared her foie= determination not
to violate the rights of Neutral States, as eflablilh-
ed by the code of Maritime Laws.—[Here the
Chancellor of the Exchequer read an extraa from'
the Treaty concluded between Great Britain and
Rums, in the year 1793, in continuation of his
flatcmcnt.) Can any declaration be clearer or
more applicable to the fobjed wader confideration
than this Convention ? I defire, Sir, to alit, whe-
ther all thofe 'Treaties to which I have alluded arc
nat now in force, and I beg leave to contend, that
what the Northern Powers have recently done is
i•.ailireil violation of them. The fads which I have
fluted, and the arguments which arife from them,
are more than fuflicient to eliablifh the principle ;
but as far as the question relates to three powers
the cafe does not itop here. What will the Hen
Gentleman fay, if I (hew him, that in the prefent
war both Sweden and Denmark have denied to
agree to the principle on timilar grounds as Rullia
did in 1793 ? Yet Sweden, thouaja united with the
armed neutrality in 1780, ha:. not ;erupted, in her
foldequeut war with Runia, to cit.:tree the con-
trary principle. But her.: let me liras the conduit
purfued by Denmark. This power, after entering
into a folcmn agreement oat to grant convoy!. un-
i if the final decision of the principle, did not fcru-
ple to avail i:felf, at a moment moll favourable to
its views, of a fyilem of intimidation, v hick the
Hon. Gentleman has, in the comic olio:, speech,
with as little fcruplc, attributed to this country.
after an unequivocal pledge, it has come forward
fur the purpo;i: of reviving the claims let up by the
, Confederacy of i 780, am? overthrowing the cede
of maritime laws eliablithed for centuries among
commercial nations of Europe. %%hat jultitt-
cation can he urged for fuch a violation of a poli-
' tjvc. engagement not, to fend out convoys, and will
die Hon. Gentleman pretend to fay that this dere-
Section is not ol fit falbjeift for reproach ? but what
excufe can the Northern Powers of for attempt-
Mg to accumplifh their views by force? We know
that they arc now fitting OUt armaments in the
ports of the Baltic, for they did-not dare to expore
thenifelves iu Augua lad when this project was tr
ecunideration. His Majelly has informed us io his
f itchthat thefe Powers have :attempted to revive
1 ie tyliena of a7Bo, :tad that by renewing their
,li,nier engagements they are endeavouring to efta-
-1 With by force a new code of maritime law, hostile
. to the rights, and injurious to the daareli interells
lof this country. Since this alarming information is
j before us, we demand to know what are the parti-
I cuter views which they entertain, and the precife
engagements by which they arc couneaed againft
it; ? • ft remains for them to explain, and the only
explanation which they condefcend to give is, a re-
ference to the fyliem of 1780 ; a fyilem of force,
hOftiiity, and aggi ctlion, from which they care-
fully deferted until they e.ruld openly avow their
defigns. In this lunation can we contiftently with
our dignity and the fecutity of out commercial
intereit Infer them to procrafrinate the hour of
attack until their plans are matured, and their
armaments complete ? Is this what the Hon.
Gentleman calls a manly conduit ? Shall we
tamely witnefe the preparations which are aimed
at the overthrow of our dearell rights, and pati-
eatly fuller the real to be applied to the contrail
of our deftru.lion ? No I Sir. I trail, and am
perfuaded, that the spirit and recourses of the
Country will be adequate to the ezigency of the ,
danrr i that we (ball cheerfully concur in dif.
*pug the fame vigour and perfeverance which
have apported us throughout the prefirnt arduous
coma, and that we lhall.give to his•Majefty's
determination to maintain, again( every attack,
the gavel r' .find interalks orbit Empire,every
elfeanal in our power.—(A cry of
I Hear !) e Hon. Gentleman arks, mall we
present the importation aeon:rain:xi goods into
the enemy's poets, . and (ball we continue to
blockade them ? .I anfwer, *ciao once give up
the right which we .have eureifed with fuels ad-
vantage to ourfelvas, and fuels detriment to our
sugar, susil we .antra give op our me* our cm.

merec, alt 4 our ttav,4 1: .ve ;I.
'der thii invaluable privihAc, fitliiurboAt
tranfpoit all the trealui vs of Spain, And ail t;.:
Itorcs Grill,: Baltic into Bret!. Ilas there been, let
me aik, any period in die Maury of any Mari-
time Country in which the principle has not been
fupported and enforced ? If I were to pay
attention to the fads maintained by the
Hon. Gentleman, when he hated, that were
the Northern Powers allovied to fend their naval
ford free and immolefted into the ports *France,
they could not refore the Navy of France to a
(late in the leaf degree formidable to us, I would
alk, does he think that the Navy would have been
deftroyed had not this claim been etercifed and en-
forced ? Does he think that the preventing neutrals
from carrying contraband goods into the French
harbours did not contribute to die deftration of
the enemy's naval efliblithment, and to the ruin
of their marine nurfery ? It mutt be evident that
our naval preponderance has not only contributed
to the prefervation of other States, but to our own
fafety and prolperity, and I feel no difficulty in
laying, that if we once take away from that pre.
ponderance, we deprive ourfelves, in proportion,
of every thing which conflisute; our wealth,
power and fecurity. I wonder, when I retied-,
how theft topicks have occurred to the Hon.
Gentleman. Me has looked at the Navy of
'ranee, as if the neceffary means and fupplies
were to be furnithed by us for its rettoration. He
unhapily forgets the principle, while he is buGly
employed in collating and muttering all his fate-
/Items of dubiation. in his allufion to the armed
neutrality of 1780, his recolledion does not terve
him to draw any inference from that con.
lederacy in our favour. You are, Sir, in fhort,
called upon in a flimmary way, with en-
created proofs of the importance of the principle—
with refources more than equal to the codteft,
with a charad‘r and reputation higher than at any
former period—with a decided fuperiority of na.
val force, naval &ill, and naval gallantry, you are,
I fay, called upon to furrender your dearest right
for ever. The Hon. Gentleman teems to argua
that we would have furrendered it before, bat does
he believe that if you now (brink from maintain,
ing it in the prefent concert, you will have the pow.
er of preferving the claim in making peace with
France ? I will venture to argue the queftion with
him, and with the fame advantage, although it
does not conftitute any part,- or fall within the
fcope of the Addrefs. I merely mention this, Sir,
as a matter of courfe, but lince they have alTerte4
it, could we confiftently, blink the queftion without
furrendering the right for ever ? We are now cal.
led upon to fupport his Majcfy according to
the Addrefs, in maintaining our naval firength,
grounded as it is on the ryflem of public
fo long eftablithed and recognized in Europe. Up.
on this important fubjea we know enough, an 4
knowing it, I fay it does become us to fpcak out
and avow the principle boldly. This manly con-
duct is due to our own intcrefts and to the calls
of humanity ; it mud produce more good than
any temporising plan, and it is equally due to our
dignity, that our profeffions should be clear anti
explicit. I have very little more to remark, as
with to confine rnyfell to the cunfideration of what
appeared to me the great and prominent features
in the Hon. Gentleman's fiseech. As to all thoto
centures which have been thrown out again(' his
Majetty's Minifterc, and the neceffity of elating
a change of Admini Citation, we lhall have a tint,.
to go into there confiderations, and we mcct
them with readinefs and latisfation ; but this is
not the proper moment : I feel the importance of
the prcfcnt critic, lend for the (hare which I have
had in the cnunfels which have been censured, I
have the confolation of knowing that I have often
heard fimilar reproaches, and 1 !ball have the con-
';Motion of their being followed by the (ante cm-
lequences as before. I know thole principles
I which, from the beginning of the prefent coutell
we have refilled, have found advocates iu the gen-
tlemen oppofite to me: they fill find tupporteis
in them ; while I, and thole with whom I have •
aded, will continue to oppofe iu a fair and manly
way."
Dolor Lawattics role to reply, and (poke at
conllderable length; but from the length of the
former ffieeehes we mutt cc:thine ourtelves to 3
very Ihort and imperfea view of his arguments.
lie 1r -felted his inabilitv to entertain the Houfe
like the Ri;;:it Honourable :eatleman (Mr. Pitt)
with A.llscs of wit, and brilliant diiPlays of elocu-
tion. It had never been his arifuition to afpire to
tits praite of cloyncr.c., and he would rather have
it reported of him, that !le had uttered one fen-
tence founded on true wifdom, than have the
praite of the molt varied oratory. It had been
doubted by an eminent Page of antiquity, whether
eloquence and wifdom were really compatible
but the Right Honourable Gentleman leaned
born to put an end to a Ilmilar doubt for ever.
He teemed born to (hew to all fiicceoding gene.
rations of mankind, not merely that wifdom is
fuperior to eloquence, but that without wifdom
eloquence was frequently not only ufblefs, but
dangerous and deftrative. But though he was
not prepared to difpute the palm of eloquence
with the Honourable Gentleman, he felt it to be
his duty as a Member of the Houfe, as a Repre-
tentative of the People of England, to fate his
fentiments clearly, and to vote in favour of that
motion which appeared to him molt confonant to
the bell interefts of the country. Having laid
this, he had to obferve, that the real quellion be-
fore the Houfe had been moll Iludioufly mitre.
prefented by the Right Honourable Gentleman
in his fpeech. It had been endeavoured to is
reprefinted that the Honourable Member who
moved the amendment had given his opinion as
batik to the right of this country, which the
Northern Powers were now combining to oppok.
But this was not by any means the principle of
Ibt amendenent propofed. The Gm le point
fubmitteel to the Houk was, whether they
thould pledge their fupport to any meafures
which Misusers bad adopted in the prefent
aireumftanees of the country, without exami-
nation, or whether they &mid notprevionfly in-
aitute =inquiry into the fubjea indifpute herein
this coamryand Nankin; Powers? On %Sober