Star.
London, England, 1801-12-29 00:00:00

APPINDIL

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EAST INDIES. ,

PUBLIC EDICT,
••" ADDILtSSID IT THE HOPPO, OR RECEIVER GENE-
RAL OF THE CUSTOMS AT CANTON, TOR TME IN-
FORMATION-OP THE MERCHANTS APPOINTED TO
TILDE WIT* FOREIGN NATIONS.
46 Whereas I have received advices from his
. . Excellency the Fooyuen. feting forth, that The
!hips of Foreign nations have long fence been per-
mitted to import at Whampou and Macao, in the
province of Qantong, for the prirpote bi carry:
mg on a trade by the free interchange of thole
Commodities which were in demand on the one
hand, and fuperfluous on the other. From this
general .rule, the article of opium was excepted, a
fubflance of whole compolition we• are unac-
quainted, but which is of a violent and powerful
nature, and polfeffes a (add and odious flavour ;
being, however, remarkable at the fame time for
a quality of exciting and railing the fpii its, it has
been fought after, and purchafed by perfons with-
out fixed lonics or profeflions, who, having pre-
pared an extra& from it, opened (hops for this
branch rif• traffic. The tife of opium originally
prevailed only among vagrants and difreputable
perfons, who affociated together for the purpofe
of partaking of thil fubflance ; but it has fence
extended itielf among the members and defeen-
dants of reputable families, Rodents as well as of.
hems of government, who, infatuated in their at-
tachment to this drug, make an habitual ufe of it.
Their inducement on this occafion appears to be,
the power which this fubflance communicates to
thofe who partake of it, of not chafing their eyes for
entire nights, and fpending them in the gratifica-
tion of impure and retsina] defires, whereby their
refpettive duties and occupations are neglected ;
when this habit becomes eftablifhed by frequent re-
petition, it gains an entire afeendancy, and the
eonfumer of opium is not only unable to forbear
the daily tip t of it, but, on palling the accuflomed
hour, he is immediately (creed with pains in the
head, and a feverifh heat, cannot refrain from
tears, or command himfelf in any degree. For
relief, therefore, from thefe painful fymptoms,
and to regain his wonted health, be has necellaiilY
recoorfe to the fame pernicious fubflance. When
pet length the gradual and progreffive efferas of
this pedbn have pervaded the lungs, and the whole
bodily frame, the fufferers, with the pale and
fickly hue of doves, or (mall fluttering birds, are
no longer within the reach of medical affiftance ;
defimus, though in vain, of quitting fci dreadful
a make, they would willingly end it with their
lives, by tearing out their entrails in defpair. The
extraordinary expence of this article is further to
be noticed, each mace weight of which in the ex-
tra& is exchanged for eight or nine maces in
money, and the conflant ufe of it raifes at the
fame time an extraordinary appetite for other
kinds of food, which the fortunes of the bulk of
the community are unable to. fatisfy, and ;re
therefore in the courfe of a few years wholly
dilapidated and walled away ; of thefe, the infirm
and weak peed gradually from want and hunger,
while the ftrongand vigorous become thieves and
robbers ; the ruin of either being equally certain
and inevitable. Others again, among the de-
luded and mix judging people, from trifling caufes.
or abfurd conceits, take the premature refolution
of (wallowing a decoftion of opium in wine, thus
ending their es iftence by means of readier acepfs,
than are the, generality of vegetable fubflances
efieenied poifonous and deftruEtive to the human
frame. V. • pernicioui areas arifing from the
ate of this fuhftance, were formerly confined to Fo. I
lien and Qiiantong, but have fpreld in the courfe
of time through the other provinces of the empire,
where the eagernefs after the traffic and confump-
tion of this article have even exceeded that of the
fief introducers. Thus it is that foreigners, by the
means of a vile excrementitious fubftance, derive
from this empire the molt folid profits and advan-
tages ; but that our countrymen thould blindly pur-
fne this deltrutlive and enfnaring vice,even till death
is the confequence, without being undeceived, is in-
deed a fa fl odious and deplorable in the higheft de-
gree. Being now defirous of oppofing the growing
evil, for which it appeared neceffary to revert to
tag fources from which it fprung, we ditcover, by
ettrcful invefligation, that the article of Opium is
imported by foreigners, and gains admittance into
the Empire through the BOCCA Tigris, whence,
either by the pilot veriels, and armed guard-boats,
that are flatumed there, it is conveyed up the
river to Shen-thin (Dane's Nand), or by the means
of (mall craft, it is landed by degrees at Macao,
and thence conveyed privately to the capital, while
the Cnflom-houle Officers and Guards, at the dif-
ferent nations, though well acquainted with the
tranfa6ion, Idler it to pats without examination
or inquiry, being doubtlefsly bribed to a large
amount for that purpnfe. If the ntmnft endea-
•onrs are not TIC.' made to cut away the soot
and branches of this evil, to what extent may they
wit proceed ? We therefore r (twit!, thefe general
orders for the incormation of all the Mandarines
Civil and Military, at the different lb,tions and
difiriCts if this province, that they mar vigor-ndly
examine into and punith the corm-Millen of this
offence whenever it occurs ; and at the fame time
we defire of his Excellency the Hoppo, to ifFue
pofitive orders and injuneions to the officers, at-
tendants, and guards, of the feveral camel-honks
in his department, that fhould henceforth any
pilot•velTels, gliardtioats, or filhermen, privately
take on board thole pieces of mould or earth, de-
nominated Opium, a firi& fearch and inveftiga.
thin shall he made, and the offenders apprehended
and conveyed to the pretence of the Magiftrate,
to undergo the punilliment that may he thought
adequate to their guilt. lf, notwithflandiug thefe
our orders, bribes are again accepted, and the
is-id-age of this article connived at, it (hail be tra-
ced ssith th. ntrnoft exaCtncts and rigour, in the
shdrißs and nations through which it had been
tianfported, that no pains may have been fpared
to prod.icc a thn•ratO reformation and amend-
ment in thefe rapeels. Should any further mode
•, gol.r;ion appear, that might tend to enforce
or render more eq-c.Ctual thefe prohihnior.s and re-
ttrictiohs, vet to pica of his Excellency the Hoppo

'to give us dde information thereof, -is his reply to
this our communication to him." _

,On receiving We foregoing letter, we made due
inquiries refpe&ing the introdu&ion of thefubßance
denominated Opium, and find that it is indeed im-
ported into this Country by foreign rails; where-
fore we have ifibed orders to the Superintendant
of the Cullom-houfe at the port of Macao, to be
communicated to the chief foreign refidents, and
the commanders of veffels belonging to that city,
notifying our determination toprohibit the entrance
of the article of Opium into that port, as well as
our general orders to make every exertion to
difcover and inform us of it, whenever it takes
place. _ _

Having replied to his Excellency the Fooynen's
communication, I 'proceed to extend the above
Orders to the Hong Merchants, to which it behoves
them to pay arid and unrefervcd obedience, and
communicate them to the Chief Supercargo of fo-
reign nations, that they may enforce the obfer-
vance of our prohibition of the importation of
Opium on board the (hips of their rcfpe.live na-
tions. But fhould nevcrthelefs any (hip hereafter
I import the article, none of the Hong Merchants
will be fo imprudent or abfurd as to become fecu-
rity for the (hip, or undertake the difpofal of her
cargo, as I fhould, in Each evest, immediately re-
port their conduel to the Viceroy and Fooyuen, by
whom the merchants will be rigoroufly examined,
and punned for the offence, without any mitiga-
tion or excufe being admitted. The Hong Mer-
chants (hall, according to citflom, reply hereto,
and make known tons their obedience to our com-
mands.

Given at Canton, the 16th day of the itth Moon, of the
411' fear of felA KING.