Star.
London, England, 1831-08-11 00:00:00

GOODWOoD RACES.

These races will he unusually spler4llll and attractive this
year. We understand the King goes to Goodwood on Mtio-
day next by the Petworth road, and returns to London
Satunlay by the Midhurst road. His Nlajerty will be at t' e
races every day, and will take in his carriage the Duke and
Duchess of Richmond, and Lord Jersey. Two other car-
riages will be in attendance with the Royal suite, and the
road by which his Majory goes to the course affords very
one on the ground an opportunity of seeing him. There will
be fifty visitors at Goodwood House, where the royal scan•
dard will be hoisted, as also at the stand The mayor and
corporation of Chichester are expected to present an address
to his Majesty at Goodwood. The King will bare relays of
pahwiisticlnEs.
shttoorseataiontswedonfrottohner,rouandmvned,yonanhdiasnthdziolnei,tevdtgertywrooodartil:.tsersof dragoons
will

SURREY ASSIZES.

MOSTETIIIIN STORM GOWER, rola ARSOII.—Mr. S.
S. Gower, a farmer, was indiceil for feloniously setting fire,
on the 2d of Aug .st, 1830, to certain premises called Portly
Farm, at Catterham. Surrey, the property of • harks Day,
which the prisoner ncettpi,d as tenant. Win. Punk/ Simp-
son, examined by Mr. Ryland lives in Old Butlingsni.
stn-et, London, and has a farm at Catterhant, Surrey ;
ha, been steward to Mr. C. Rey, the owner of Portly Howe
Farm, at Catterhatti, for twelve years ; the prisoner
occupied that faint in 1830 ; it consisted of 365 acres, rent
2 iOl. per annum, and 2nl. additional for co cages ; in 1830,
a distress was put into the premises by order of the land-
lord, Mr. Day ; a year and a halt's rent, amounting to
3801. was then due ; Mr. Day had not insured the premises.
This was a very completely got up case, anal many wit.
messes proved various corroborative circuinsances.
The prisoner put in a very long written defence,
which was read by the clerk of the arraigns. It eo-
tered into a complete explanation of his affairs, whi e con.
netted with the farm at Catierham, and described the evi-
dence of Borer as a wicked invention on his part with a sky
to obtain the reward which had been offered, and which evi-
dence remained unsupported by the testimony of arty other
single witness, The prisoner explained the loss he had sus.
tained by the calamity, and he complaine.l of the treatment
of the magistrates at Catterhani, before whom he was exa-
mined on this charge, and committed for trial. He had been
four months in gaol on a capital charge, of the commission of
which he was innocent. Hut a man who was a convicted
felon, and had been a thief between twenty and thirty years—
who admitted he had robbed him on the night in quaxion—
had sworn that he saw him (prisoner) do the act charged in
the indictment, and the Magistrates refused to allow him to
bring witnesses before them to refute so infamous a charge.
He asked them only fur a day; but no; they could not
conveniently spare time to attend another examination, and
he was sent off to a gaol for four monrhs, upon a charge
which was not sustained by evidence upon which any ra-
tional being would hang a dog.
Mr. Church, solicitor, of Spital-square—Had known pri-
soner 18 years, and considered him honest and humane
had heard him speak of Mr. Day with the greatest kindness,
and did not believe he would do any siting to injure Mr.
Dap
Mr. Thomas, solicitor, of Fenchurch-street, gave similar
evidence.
Mr. Sykes. proprietor of the Catharine-wheel, Bishop,-
gate-street r, Had known prisoner for twenty years, and
considered him to be a man of excellent character; em-
ployed prisoner, after his bankruptcy, on his . state as super-
intendent, at Hare street, near Rtntord, and would take
him again into Isis service.
Mr. Clarke, tif Carey-street, Lincoln's-Inn-fields Knew
the prisoner to be a most humane man. anal that he bad kept
Borer and his family front starvation, when no one would
assist them.
Mr. Clarke of Chatham, a creditor of the prisoner's to the
amount of about 6,oool.—Knew the prisoner to be a moat
HAYMARKET THEATRE ' kind-hearted, benevolent, humane, and in• ffensive man,
and he did not deserve to have this charge made against
OD Tuesday evening, a piece called Fricandeau ;
or, Me Coronet and the Cook, was produced at this theatre. • The Jury here rose. and said they were satisfied with the
It is a translation from a French drama, which we noticed evidence.
when it was played here during the winter, and in which M. , Mr Justice Cialtexze asked if they were satisfied with the
Bouffe played the chief part, Quota:al. The awry relates to evidence as to character only or as to the whole merits of the
the Duke de Valois carrying tiff the bride of Qunniam,• cook ease
(Prietindeau, in the translated piece), and her being rescued The Foreman said they were all agreed as to the merits of
from him, chiefly by the means of her relation and brides a. the case, and returned a verdict of Not Guilty.
maid. There was no'hing in the original piece to recommend The vast assemblage which had filled the Court (loin an
it but the acing of M. Bouffe. The translation is. of course,, early hour in the morning, and great numbers of them hr.
worse than the original : and the acting of Mr. Harley, longing to the most respectable society in the county, WI
amusing as it sometimes is, cannot by compared to that of hearing the verdict, gave tremendous cheers, which shook
the French performer. The former is an actor of extraor- the Court. The prisoner, who is a man about fifty years of
dinary merit, and of remarkably versatile powers ; the latter, age, with grey hail and highly respectable appearance,
whatever merits he may have in other respects, is a great bowed to the C..urt and the audience.
mannerist, and the habit he has acquired lately of imitating Aar, Justice Gout:Lux said he could not help eitinessine
some of Mr. Listotes drolleries', by nn means improves his his surprise that the Grand Jury had returned a true bill
own style. Mrs. Ashton played 'he heroine, and Mrs. Humby, upon such evidence, and ordered the prisoner's immediate
her friend, both reasonably well ; but neither in the drama discharge.
itself, nor in the manner of its performance, could we see
any thing that indicated a chance of its being saved the
common fate of translations.

!THREE O'CLOCK.
I ;Rank Stock, 1981. Three per Cent. Reduced, 1111 1.
Three per Cent Consuls, 811 1 1. Three and a Half per
Cent, 1818. 891. Three and a Half p r Ccnt Rad. 891 1.
Three and a Half per Cent New, 881 9 81. Four per Ct.
1826. 981 Long Ann. Jan. 1800. 16 j 1346 17. An.
nuities, Oc•1 1859, —; do. Jan. 1060. —. India Stock,
198; dn. Bonds, par. Old Annuities, 891 ; New do. 791.
£lOOO Exchequer Rills, 10 9 ; I:590 do. 10 9; zwo and
£2OO do. 11 9. Consols for Acer. 811 11.
FOUR O'CLOCK --Gonads 81 j j.

THE KINO'S LEVI.E.

Their Majesties arrived at their Palace at St.
James's about half-past one o'clock yesterday, from the
Palace at Windom, escorted by a party of the Lancer,.
Soon after two o'clock the King held a Court
and Levee.
His Majesty gave audiences to the Archbishop
of Canterbury, RDA Grey, Viscount Melbourne, Viscount
Goderieb, Viscount Althorn, the Duke of Devonshire, Mar-
quis Wellesley, and the Bishop of Chichester.
His Majesty proceeded to hold his entree Levee,
at which Mona. de Rantzen, Resident Minister from the
Courts of Nassau and Baden to his Majesty the Ring of
Holland, was presented to his Majesty by Baron Bulow, the
Prussian Minister.

Col. Brown. Rifle Brigade, was introduced to
the King by Lord Frederick Fitzclarence, upon his being
appointed Aid•de-Camp to his Majesty.
The Count St. Martin D'Aglie, Envoy Extra- I
ordinary-and Minister Plenipotentiary from the King of
Sardinia, had an audience to deliver letters from the King I
and Queen of Sardinia to his Majesty.
At the Entree Levee there were present the Rus-
sian, Austrian, and French Ambassadors ; the Prussian,
Danish, Swedish, Bavarian, Sardinian, Neapolitan, Mexi.
can, Wittenberg, Hanoverian, Belgian, and 'Brazilian iMi.
nisters ; the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Lord President,
the Lord Privy Seal, the First Lord of the Treasury ; the
Secretaries of State for the Home, Foreign, and Colonial
Departments; the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Pre-
sident of the Board of Control'', the Master of the Hone, the
Lord Steward, the Captain of the Honourable Corps of
Gentlemen Pensioners, the Captain of the Yeomen Guard,
the Bishop of Chichester, Clerk of the Closet, the Master.
General of the Ordnance, the Vice-Chamberlain' the Trea-
surer of the Household, the Comptroller of the Household,
the Master of the Ceremonies, Garter King of Anna, the At.
torney-General, Colonel Hill, Silver Stick.
Among the general company were several distinguished
noblemen and gentlemen.
The Earl of Fife was the Lord in Waiting.

, CITY Ruston us.—Reports ate in circulation,
by private letters front Antwerp, that Admirsi
Codriogton's squadron had arrived off the mouth
of the Scheldt, which so exasperated the Dutch,
that they are destroying all aroand them. A
great battle was expected, and it is added, that
the King of Prussia was actually about to march
an army into Holland, for its protection against
the French.

Monday Don Pedro and Donna Maria, attended
by the Marquis de Remade and XL Games e Silas, wished
the Colosseum, in the kcgent's•p.rk. and were much gra-
tiled with that very delightful plate.
The Committee of the Cotiri of Claims assemble
again to-day at the Painted Chamber, on the subjtet of the
Coronation.

The following summary of the number of
speeches delivered by the champions of the Opposition,
since the bill went into Committee, may perhaps amuse our
readers :—Sir g Suirden, 25 ; Hum, 20; Praed, ; Pel-
ham, 90; Sir It. Peel, 51 ; Grolier, 63; and Sir I. We:he-
rd', 73.

Who could have believed that the matchless
crime generated in Edinburgh by the monster
Burke could have been recently repeated in Ire-
land, and that a man and his wife could have
agreed to be parties in it. The affair is pitted
in horror by their own daughter being made the in-
strument of their conviction. The Iri.•h surgeon
behaved with commendable mom on the over-
ture being made by the woman for the sale of the
victim's body, and happily was not deluded by a
plausible tale.

Last night M. Kersoloff, a gentleman Attsichril
to the Russian Embassy, Left Jaanay's Hotel, Leicester-
miusre, with despatches from Priam Lisven, for Paris.

. .
A courier arrived the night before hibt with
deaparehrs from Berths, for his Ezetil ncy Baron Bahia,
the Prner,ian Ambassador.

Alone. Zuylen Von Nyevelt, the Ambassador
EstraoreUnary. from the King of Holland, was formerly Re.
Went Ainhasesdor at Constantinople.
The Earl of Munster has been pleastd to ap
point the Rev. William Wheeler, eletk, D.D., chaplain to
the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, to be one ut his
lordship's chaplains.
The National, Paris paper, states that Admiral
Codrington has intimated to Henna! Chasse that the first
bomb fired from the Citadel would be a signal for the tie.
structioa of the Dutch fleet.

The general suspension of building on specula-
tion by a desperate class of builders, most of whom
have been ruined, is one of the carscs of the im-
mense nianber of unemployed artisans, who claim
sympathy, in and near London. /louses being
real property, and every Boor being susceptible of
being mortgaged, so this spot ies i.f creation has
lasted longer than any other. Excei.t in favourite
situations, it has long been (pi the wane ; ut it
seems now in nearly all sittiatit.tis to have found
its limit ; for modern rents will net cover the in-
terest of the successive mortgages on the ground,
and on the stories, much less afford a prat to the
speculating builder. The increase of London has
in fact been made by desperate schemers to create
capital by close mortgaging ratter than by any
real capital, which the builders possess ; and as
F is in London so it is in other large towns.

From the advices from Paris it appears that the
same degree of activity peevails amongst the member' of the
Corps Diptossatigue in the French capital as here ; fear
conferences were held in one day t the first met at the
hotel of the Russian Ambassador, the second at the house
of the President of the Council, the third at the British
Ambassador's, and the fourth at the French Minisaa's for
Foreign Affairs.
The following is the number of cattle exported
from Ireland to the town of Liverpool alone !or the
week ending August 6th :—Cows, 2978 ; sheep,
9494; pigs, 1795. Register.

inn ihisrosontry
the Spanish Sep's-
lig C. H. WIL-

It is only within these few years that sugars,
rayed or refined, or in any other state than the
.or:inl conditions of the Muscovado, have been al-
1, .4 od to be imported into this country, to be re-
ned for exportation. Sugars, which have not
! t elayed, retain a considerable proportion of
rne;asses or treacle, and which must be separated
tefore the process of converting it into lump Sugar
on be effected.
The expressed juice of the sugar cane, after
tieing clarified, and evaporated to a certain consis-
tency, till a cruet formed on its surface is broken,
and determined into other vessels to he granulated,
constitutes the sugar known by the name of Mus-
ccrado. In this state it would he unfit to be con-
certed into loaf sugar. until by refination and filtra-
tion of the syrup through an argillaceons substance,
it has been liberated from a considerable pmpor
tion of molasses or treacle, more or less in a state
of combination with the granulated portion of the
mass.

NV hen this sugar is imported into this country,
immediately on its arrival its weight is ascer-
tained, and according to which weight the duty
is regulated and paid. It iswell known that, after
r:lue time, particularly in warm weather, there is
considerable drainage, and for which no allow-
ance is made to the planter, who is thus subjected
tt, a double loss, viz.—the material and the duty.
Cons. qrs. lb

rvrcal of en gar., lately imported into
B iptot. weighed, on their arrival, for

wlieh duty was raid
When sold and weighed, hut

.. 100 2 4
... SI 2 20

By far the greater portion of molasses is re-
tained, and so mechanically distributed through
the general mass, that only the excess is filtrated
through Ow cask, which portion is separated by
1:4 process of refination, and filtration through
4 ia'•.

By some subsequent regulations. sugars have
been allowed to be imported from Havannah, Bra-
zil, &c. for the purposes of refination, to be con-
vetted into sugar loaf for exportation; and which
sugars, before their arrival into this country, have
undergone the claying process, and consequently
been liberated from a great portion of the molasses,
so that by bonding, there is no loss sustained
by filtration ; and in the subsequent pro-
cess of refination, it is ascertained that one
cwt. of the ciayed sugar will yield 71 pounds.
of refined, whilst the Muscovado will only produce
61 lbs. By thus refining from the clayed sugar,
the refiner is enabled to retain this additional ten
pounds of sugar, not only for home consumption,
but has also the great advantage of not having any
duty to pay on this additional product, to the seri-
ons injury of the British planter.
It is necessary to direct attention to another
very important circumstance, and which appears
not to have been taken into consideration, viz.
what is termed by chemists the water of crystalli-
zation, and which quantity is materially influenced
by the slowness of the process ; when Mr. Howard's
plan of refination, by slow boiling, at a low torn-
pei ature in vacuo, was introduced, a charge of ono
shilling per cwt. was made on those who adopted
this mode. The refiner was amply repaid by the
additional weight arising from the water of crys-
tallization ; when syrup is concentrated by evapo-
ration under atmospheric exposure, 240 degrees of
heat are requisite. This high degree of tempera •
ture gives a discoloration to the stig,tr, and a com-
pactness in structure. By Mr. Howard's plan,
the atmospheric pressure being removed, not more
than 140 degrees of heat are employed, in conse-
quence of which reduction in temperature, the crys-
tals are colourless, better formed, and with a bril-
liant micaceous appearance. In this state one pound
dues not hold the same quantity of saccharine mat-
ter as one pound by the old process. It may be
worthy of observation, that water thus retained
materially deteriorates the sugar as to its preserv-
ing powers : thus refined loaf sugar employed in
preserving vegetable matter, as fruits, &c. is in
no wise equal to the clarified syrup of the
West Indies, although the latter might be sup-
posed to be combined with a larger quantity of
ater than the former. In clarified syrup there is
a chemical combination of the elementary coned-
went parts of water, while iu the lump sugar the
elementary pi inci! les of water are already in a state
of combination oil water ; and more water is ge-
nerally aided to render it sufficiently fuid ; in two
different specimens of sugar, one made from syrup
and the other from double refined, their specific
gravities were found to be as 283 to 291.
Animal or vegetable matter, when exposed to a '
certain temperature, and to water, undergoes de-
ceniposition ; this is illustrated by the effects of
the pyroligneous acid, from which the greater por-
tion of vinegar is prepared; the product of the
first tiistillation from dried wood is a mild acid ;
by tale second distillatieu the acid is greatly con-
ceit:rated, only water passes off; in this state it
is too active to be employed in the preservation of
animal or vegetable substance, and when diluted
by water so as to reduce its strength to the pro-
duct of the first distillation, is very inferior to the
firmer as to its preserving powers; the latter
being acid and eater, and the former is the acid
in combination mitt. the elementary constituent
parts of atiter, viz. oxygen and hydrogen.
The sugara ellen dayed, are also more free from
water, as +sell as niolosees, and on this account a
great additional advantage is afforded to the refiner
by the eubseqcent combination of a relatively
larger, ploportiiti of water of crystallization.
These observations clearly demonstrate, that for
exportation the refiner will give the reference to the
eleyrd sugar, from being thus enabled to retain
very considerible !nation for home consumption,
contrary to the intention of the legislature—and
to enable this British planter to compete with the
Ilavanaah or Leizit sugar, at least it/ per cent.
should be deducti.il the forei.er, ur ti.at addi-
tional duty imposed WI the latter.
It is probable that some useful practical deduc-
tions might be drawn front a complete series of
experiments en sugar from the differeet settle-
ments.

Dr. Wiikinson's cb,ervations clearly demon-
strate' that 112 lbs. claytal sugars having been
liberated front molasses by a second process, will
pieduce 15 lbs. pl. cent. more loaf sugar than
Muscovite°, "Lida 1.51 lbs. are retained by the
refiner for Lome consumption, avoiding all duty.
Alio that, fur several Yeats past, a large portion of

inferior sugar. diluted with molasses, or TWAT
molasses holding in solution from 50 to 60 per et.
of granulated sugar, to be afterwards manufac-
tured, has been imported into this country as pure
molasses, thereby evading. the sugar duty; by
which means, the parties are enabled to undersell
the fair importers, who have paid such proper duty.

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