Star.
London, England, 1823-08-20 00:00:00

_ -
•
• t. • .
f. 1 •.\
3tliP
Ad
Zeb . . oak
• • afa..
. '
•
rir
or-
. Ar,
•
•
.a_
4. 4 411. a
• •
. • • .
IVEDNKSI)AY, AUGUST 20. 1823. • [PK E SEVEN -PH/4 C
! •
f

This great work, which was begun in 1817, and
will be completed next year, is the longest canal in
existence, and though upon a small scale as to breadth
and depth, is, we believe, in paint of pecuniary out-
lay, the greatest work of the kind ever execpted. It
is 353 miles in length, 40 feet wide at the surface of
the water, 28 at the bottom, and four feet deep) and
will cost about five millions of dollars (1,100,0001)
or 3,0001. per mile on an average. Such a vast under-
taking, completed in the short period of seven years,
by a State (New York) with 1,368,000 inhabitants,
affords a striking proof of .the energy and enterprise
generated by free institutions.
The canal, which extends from Black Rock, at
the east end of Lake Erie, to Albany on the Hudson,
will resider this. river the chief—almost the sole out-
let, and New York, the great emporium of a fertile
country extending along the lakes, much larger than
the British isles, and fast filling up with inhabitants..
Proceeding eastward from the Lake Erie, the canal
rises 48 feet, and from the summit's level falls 601
feet to the Hudson, making an aggregate-rise and fall
of 649 feet, which is effected by 77 leeks. Two levels
or reaches extend over 65 and 70 miles without lock-
age, a circumstanse perhaps without a parallel, ee-
cept in China. There were 233 mile; finished last
autumn, and reuch of the rest was in a very advanecd
state. The stimulus it gives to improvement is :dread/
set n in the villages and towns which are sprine,inn up
with astonishing rapidity along its whole coarse. Pas-
sage-boats and bateaus already ply on the parts corn-
nle:e.i. The former, which are eenereiiy of a size to
carry 90 passengers, travel at the rate of 100 miles in
twenty-four hours. and the eine ge is about I J. or
2J. per mile. When the work is completed, it is
thought the price of carriage from Luke Elie to the
Hudson will be reduced at least foar-fifths—an al-
teration that will confer a new Indies on many heavy
articles of agricultural produce, s‘hie! wiil not at
present bear the expense cf traesporetion to trinket.
It is not dillicuit to see that this causal, with the other
connecting Lake Champlain and the Hudson, will
even have a certain political effect on cur American
possesions. These two canals efford a much readier
channel than the Sr. Lawrence for the exportation of
wood, fl..nr, and other article-, from the Canadian :is
well as the American side of the lakes, with this far-
ther advantage, that they are shut by ice only three
.
months and a half, whereas the St. Lawrence is shut
nearly six months in the year. They will therefore
connect the Canadians more closely with the Ame-
ricans by the ties of mutual intercourse and interest,
and they will even render the former in some measdre
dependent on the latter for a market for their produce.
National works arc called great or little by com-
parison; and to give a just idea s,f the einernrise dis-
played by the State .ot; New York ht this Instance, we
shall state the dimensions and cost of some other
great works ef the.same kind.
The celebrated Canal of Languedoc is 152 miles
long and six feet deep, has 100 locks; it has its sum-
mit level 639 feet above the sea, cost 13,000,000
livres (equal to 650,0000 and was finished in 15 years.
The Forth and Clyde Canal is. thirty-five miles
long, was originally seven feet deep, has thirty-nine
locks, rise; to the height of 136 feet above the sea,
cost £300,000, and was finished in twenty-two years.,
The Caledonian Canal is twenty-one ard a half
milis long (exclusive of the locks), is to be twenty
feet deep, has twenty-two locks, rises ninety-three
feet above the sea, will cost £950,000, and -will be
finished in 20 years from its commencement (1304).
The American Canal, though its length renders it
more expensive, has a much smaller section their any
of these; but the E;glish canals, meant for tracking
vessel. only, are about the same size, on an average,
as the American, being generally from three to five
feet deep, according to Mr. Phillips. In countries
like England and the United States, where canels.ar e
made at the expense of private individuals, the work
still, of course, be conducted OR business principles,
and the dimensions will be such as to yield the
pro-
prietors the largest returns on their capitals.
Particular canals made on this plan may not an-
swer what are called 11 great national purposes," so
well as others of a larger size ; but from the superior
vigilance of private interest, they are generally better
planned, and more economically conducted. Besides,
like all works which increase the general wealth, they
have a principle of re-production within themselves ;
and hence Ennland, where the Government gives
nothing but protection to the private speculator, has
seven times as many canals as France, where the Go-
vernment has lavished millions upon inland neviga-
Lion. The rule of the American State Goveriimeits
is good. When they think fit to encourage puLlic
works, the State advances one.third, providing .that
private individuals come forward to advance the re-
mainder. The State is thus saved from embas king
in impracticable projects, and has the aid of the cep-
. nomy and foresight which private individuals exer-
cise in managing their own concerns. The vidSpa-
nish Government, which was distinguished above
every other in Europe for wild schemes and childish
inconstancy, projected a canal in the basin of the
Douro, 500 miles long and nine feet deep, and which,
among other pieces of ostentatious extravagance, was
ito be carried down a declivity, we may say a preci-
pice, of 3,000 feet, in the space cf three leagues.
After one-seventh of the work was completed, at an
expense of 400,0001. it fell into neglect, or rather, we
Imay presume, was deserted for some othenscheme
equally wild, but more novel, as children tiled s,f
their playthings. Had it been carried through,
the trade upon it would never have pallone4hird of
the san necessary to keep it in repair, mild so dilapi-
dation would have been its fate under anyFireurn-
stances. - But the mon- -eiyViiiited on iliii frection'of
the work, -if hid out by private individuals, acting
upon rational views of serf-interest, would have cern-
p;e:eul a canal on the American scale, which would
have sufficed for the real wants of the country, pro-
mated improvements; and also funds to .suppott 4)41:

23. The UN IrititgA L TRAVELLEC, or Abridgment of
the most celebrated Modern Travels in ail Countries, by the
same Editor, with 100 Engravings, 10i. 6d. hound.
24. The GRAMMAR of CLASSICAL LITERATURE,
or a necessary general Companion in the Study of the Classics
and the Latin and Greek Languages; containibg Ancient Geo-
graphy, Mythology, Customs, Antiquities, and Biography, with
100 Engravings, by B. JOHNSON Bs. bound.
25. ONE THOUSAND PROCESSES in MANUFAC-
TURES and EXPERIMENTS in CHEMISTRY and the
useful Arts, according to the latest Discoveries and Practices
of the most eminent Chemists, by COLIN MACKFN:It ; with 150
Engravings, price XI Is. in boards.
26. The BIOGRAPHICAL CLASS-BOOK, or 500 Lives
of the most eminent Persons of all Ages and Countries. by the
Rev. J. GOLDSMITH, with 150 Portraits, price 7s. bound.
97. PI';'TURES drawn from ENGLISH, SCOTTISH,
and IRISH HISTORY, consisting of the most striking Anec-
dotes, Traits of Character, Remarkable Incidents, &c. &c.
drawn from the Chronicles and other original sources, by J.
GALT, Esq. with 50 Engravings 2 vols. 14s.
uB. The BOOK of ENGLISH TRADES, or Library of
the useful Arts; describing 100 several Trades and Employ-
ments ; with 90 Engravings, price 10s. 6d. bound.
29. BLACKSTONE'S COMMENTARIES, abridged and
modernized, by JOU/4 GIFFORD Esq. containing the Elements
of the English Constitution, and the Principles of its Laws fully
developed; 15s. bound.
30. The CHRONOLOGY of all the EVENTS of the last
FIFTY YEARS, from 1773 to 182.7, 152. boards.
31. The PRESENT STATE of the BRITISH EMPIRE,
in the Four Quarters of the World, with 110 maps and views;
corrected to January, 1823, price ss. 6d. bound.
32. ANCIENT UNIVERSAL HISTOR 1, containing a
clear and circumstantial History of all the Nations of Antiquity,
by J. Rosissmv, D.D. 75. bound.
33. MODERN UNIVERSAL HISTORY, containing a
clear and circumstantial View of the History of all Nations, from
the Age of Charlemagne to the Accession of George IV. by J.'
ItowarsoN, D. D. 7s. bound.

POCKET EDITION OF PLAUTUS.
In Three Volumes, elegantly and correctly printed, price 16s. 6d.
MACCII Plana Comcediz Superstites Viginti,
• sedula Retensione accurate.
London t Printed for Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy; Rodwell
and Martin; J. Booker; G. and W. •B. Whittaker; Longman
and Co. T. Cadet! ; E. Edwards ; and Simpkin and Marshall.
Under the Denomination of the" REGENT'S CLASSICS"
the publishers of this Collection have already brought forward
nearly the whole body of Latin Authors, equal in typographic
elegance and accuracy to t'Le celebrated Elzevit F.ditions ; and
Fuperlor to tlizai in the purity of the Text, corrected and amended
as it has since been by the industry and sagacity of learned
Critics in different countries and by the collation of ancient
Manuscripts. The iollowing is a list of the wotks already before
the Public :

,e. s. 41.
0 7 6

at s. d.
Livy, 5 yob . 1 10 0

Catullus, Tibullus,
0 5 0
and Proper:ins
Cites, 12 vols. . 312 0
Oificei (separate)o 3 6
prat. do. 0 6 0
- Epistles, 3v. 041.41 1 0
Claw: Lin . 0 5 6

.0 5 6

Lucretius
Martial

..0 4 0
..0 6 6

Ovid, 3 vo!s. . 0 18 0
Pliny, Junior . 0 6 6
l'ltsdrus,Avianus,&c.o 2 6
Quiutilian, 2 vols. 0 12 0
S4lust and Justin 0 7 0
Statius . . 0 7 0

t 0 3 6
rucloniu, 11103 S
aid I...ltercuitts 0 4 0

Tacitus, 3 vols.

0 16 6

Ilorace

0 4 6

Juvenal. Peraius, 0 2 6
.:rd Sulpiqa

Terence • . 0 5 0
Valrrius Maximus 0 7 0
Virgil. . 0 6 0

The 'rotary-rum PRI:CCDING Woaxs have to rivals, in the
popular interest of their contents, within the entire circle of
English literature. 'faey ferns by themselves a collection of
never-failing gratification, while they are indispentai.::: to, every
I•variety of abrary, and to all purposes of study and reference.

IfYDRAULIC TRJ

From One to One Thousand. Tuns Power, ur more if required.*
IAT RUSSELL, EsbiGINEF.R. 44', and 82, St.
• John-street, Smithfield, Thirty Yeats Apprentice and
Asiistant to Mr.../4sti,h Bramah, deceased, respectfully informs
Sugar Ref!nevi, Paper. Makers, Packora, Printers, Oil Mer-
chants, Spermaceti Refiners, &c. &c. that having had longer
practical experience than any individual in existence, in the ma-
nufacturing and erecting of HYDRAULIC PRESSES, he is
enabled to supply them with a superior article, in strength and
durability, at a moderate price. lle also engages to keep them
in repair at a small charge per annum. Russell's Patent Lock
Cocks for distillers, wine-merchants, &c. Improved Fire and
Burglary Alarms, and the late J. llramah's Patent Locks, with
RUSStll's Im,,rovement and Security.
A Teminch second-build Pressfor sale.
• W. R. is freaking a Preset this time upwards of a thousand.,
toes pressure.

Such is the effect of perseverance and industry in
the science of Medicine, that great numbers, many of whom
had lingered under the most painful and obstinate disorders,
who were pronounced it:curable by respectable praceieners, and
several discharged from Hospitals, have been restored. to perfect
health by the celebrated Dr. LADY, who, after a long and la-
borious practice, is enabled to remove the most obstinate Vene-
real Complaints, however long and deeply fixed in the habit.—
Eruptions, Pains in the Limbs, obstinate Gleets, Diznitew of
Sight, Nodes on the slain-bones, Ulceration, and Sore Throats,
are among the symptoms ari.ing out of improper treatment, and
• which without timely assistance prove fatal. The Doctor. is
consulted daily by patients of both sexes, -at -58, Dean-street,
Soho, .by persons from every part of the country, and by
(if post laid). enduing a feet.