Star.
London, England, 1813-10-28 00:00:00

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_ land, along• with those of the Lord Trettitirer, he
unchanged ; and the administration of the laws of could not in reality be Sovereign, but that the Pope
NAPOLEON are modified by the same influence which would still be regarded -as such. The Aristocracy
qualified fiulls' of the ropes, addlhe edicts of the abridged his power in local matters, and the Pope
Kornai! Emperors, when they happened
.ip be at va-...controuled and thwarted him in tho;e general
riance with local- usages, • schemes by which he conceived he would improve
NAPOLEON dislike: Italy because he has uniformly - the country. For whatever may be the effect of the
found her indocile'to his.schemei, 440pp9,00/(114; measures of this extraordinary adventurer, it cannot,
will by her habits More decidr,4l4: OAR; i4.'she. ac- we imagine, be denied, that he thinks all his aims and
thally resisted him with arms bat-changed the purposes calcUlated to produce good. He does not
provincial Governors--the Savoy fatoill have heeneS-,111 for the love of doing evil ;.,but his schemes are ill,
pelled from Turns—the'4ustriao from. Tuscany—Wl,
.beeause he attempts to carry them into execution in
the Bourbon from Naples ; but those who imagine spite of nature and the moral sentiments of mankind.
that such . changes. have. altered in any degree the The degradation of the Pope was a step which he
great and venerable edifice of which they were but found necessary to take, in order to realize his tide
the gilded weathercocks, are
.assuredly rnistaken.4 to King of. Italy : for so long as the-Pope was al,
It has required more thin two thousaed years to raise `lowed to possess the metropolitan government of the
the frame of society in Italy—military fury may °vet- country, NAPOLEON knew that he himself would be
*helm it ; but it is neither is the power, nor the na-i; but the second person in the Italian State. It was,
tore of human means, both to destroy and to renety.:,therefore, to little purpose that he expected to acquire
it in the same age? Should it ever:happens in dia. the full superiority, by stripping the Papal Govern,.
miracles of accidept, that these observatipns should ment of its secular possessions. He foundrthat such
be reported to N4?ouroN, he will remember a con- , were, still the inveterate habits of the people, that
versatiort whieh lac‘ held with two Capuchin friars in they would not recognize the Royal authority as the
the gallery of the palace of Turin, and hew Much supreme ; but that they would constantly attempt to
appeal against the mandates of his ofrlcers thebc was embarrassed by an "observatior; which the
Pa-
younger made to him, when he spoke of I,:fahricating pal authorities. For this reason, he saw the neces-
the Italian character. audacious conceit! et if one sity of withdrawing the Pppe onto( the Italian terrir
man could alter t 4 long matured edtent aC otir in 7 tory, and of substituting a Supreme Civil Govern-
fluence of climate, of laws sloct erns;, ,of liatuFe ment ire Rome, which should acquire, in time, some
and of Pnov.towpa , !portion of that authority by which the Ecclesiastics
There is perhaps more inthe tiatore.of Engishmeo, had ruled the country; The great change that Bo-
that would lead therp to approve the. proceedings of NAPARTE would effect in Italy, (for as yet he has
BONAPARTE, if he could.obtain afilnitarr superiority effected no other than that of suffering, the ret.actioit
in the country, than there is in the ita4us, although of which will one day recoil on him with a vehe--.
be has been so warty years the unopposed King of :metice in proportion to Me violence by which it has
Italy. The justness of this,assertien will appear the been imposed)—the Change which he would effect it'
less disputable, when we consider the cense', which that of settling Supreme Central Government in
live prevented theItalian nation frein.tpking a
EPINS l place of the Papal, which had fallen into decrepi-
taneons sin the. Arairs,of. lune, Ace.* 411. a tude, and was no longer capable of exercising the
cline of the ?APO astl*V. • • [functions of rule with proper effect. But he is fully
In our view 91,141 y, we regard the Italisatnatioe.•‘ aware that a hereditary monarchy is not suited to the
i
es comprehending all those who speak'the language' state of society in Italy.
and belong to the soil, comprehending riedascint and i We shall speedily take an opportunity of describ-
naples—all, in fact, which Narotzon sills the Kling. ing the kind of Government which the Italians re-
dom of Italy, as well as the
..Province Itome,•and quire and of stating avhat, in our, opinion, ought to
the Kingdorn of Ilaples,_pnorto the FrenclileetrOlU-1 be the declared intention of the Allies with respect
tion- This extensive track—the richest and4neit ett to Italy : for the balance of power can never be re-
.the Continent of Europe—was subdivided into avait gored, if that great and opulent portion of Europe
number of petty Principalities, ieme of Which were dh hot receive its ptoper degree of consideration in
immediately under the'.oe.4.4 one person, others the scale, •. •
were ruled by several persons. Parma, Tuscany,
were Dukedoms; Genoa, Vhice, ttc. seere,called
Republics, but were in reality governed by aa 'Maar?
pprated number of Nobles. But they all regarded
themselves as meMbers of the 4talian Nation ; and
their subjects, though discriminated among them-
selves by provincial names, were known to the other
nations of Europe only ley that of the Italians.
The supreme government of the country was that
of the Pope ; hut, from the nature of his pretensions,
the military and civil business of the general State
was administered by the different Principalities, with
reference to their respective local interests. Italy
presented, before the french Revolution, just sqCh
an order of things as we might conceive Engird to
do, if every County and Corporation were to raise.
taxes and .troops independent of another i obeying
only so.much of the general laws of the realm as re.
fated to the support of the Court in I.onden, and the
payment of the Clergy. The Priests were denizens
of all Italy ; but seculars and soldiers belonged to
the towns or districts in which they happened to be
born. The natural effect of this was—that, as the
Pope was not allowed to regulate the military affairs
Italy could take no parts collectively, in the wars of
Europe. Sometimes the .interests of Venice ioducettl
the corporation of that city to take a part in military
proceedings, while those of Genoa required that Ma-
gistracy there to act differer,tly. In whatever related to
war, (and tht.transactions of States relate to nothing
else,) the supreme Government of Italy has never,
iiace the Crusades, felt itself enabled to take a share
io the deliberation of other Governments with any
effect. It left, sty necessity, the consideration of such
matters to the P,ovincial Magistrates; so that when
the French invaded Italy, the.corstiost of peace and
-war was discussed and decided in as magi distinct
assemblies as there were Dukes, Counts, and Ceipe.'
iations in the country. .The consequence .was--that
:ts some declared fur peace, some for war, and all in-
dependent of each other, no resistance could he op-
posed to the French arms, and the country was:
overrun.
"ot although BONAPARTE, with R facility arising
from these circumstances greater than he met with
elsewhere, acquired the military superiority of Italy,
and subsequently declared himself the King of the
- country ; yet he found, that while the Porn nes per-
mitted to retain his metropolitan dignity, he himself
was a 'more limited monarch in Itaty than his dispo,
. skim 'oould brook, -.tie foUnd that be could' not un-
sent the aristocratic disposition of the Italiani; and
rberefore he has allowed tlw Nobility to remain im-
•
;11,isturted. He found that he could net *east the
•
fmmenf Society t and therefore he his pertnitted it
.o.rersain unaltet4 though it mars all the whemes,
by which he thought he could imprve the condition
'pf the Country. He -found alto, that while he per-1
seitteci the Papal 4overmeint to such was the
-nature of the constitution of the country, that al.
-though hi might gratp-all the power and Privileges
the Commode; its Chief of the Forces by sea and

FRENCH ediPERS,

PARIS, OCTOBER 22.

We hare today received accounts from the army,
dated the 13th. They confirm the Telegraphic *dis.
patch which we reported yesterday.
The King of Naples, the Prince of Moskwa, and'
the Duke of Castiglione, had completely beaten the
enemy on the 11th and 12th.
On the 13th, four thousand prisoners and =tope-
rior ofAcers, had arrived at head-quarters.
In a rencontre of light troops, M. de Kraft, who
was Secretary of Legation to Prince Kowrakin, at
Paris, was, taken prisoner—he was proceeding from
the head.quarters of the Emperor of Russia to those
olthe Prince /loyal of 'Sweden, and was the bearer
of dispatChes, which have been taken.
The Emperor had on the 13th, his headquarters
at Dilben, a small town of Saxony, upon the road
from Leipsic to Wittenberg, eight leagues from she
I foriner, and seven from the latter.
The enemy. still shews great irresolution in his
movements.

His Majesty continues to enjoy the best health.

Other letters from the army state, that the Bing of
Saxony had arrived at Eulenburg ; and that, since
his Majesty had left Dresden, =ldling of importance
had taken place in that City.
Private letters from Vienna continue to give a most
distressing picture of that capital. One of these let:
tern, dated October 8, and written by I person wor-
thy of confidence, mentions, that according to a ma-
-1 yeller, lately arrived from Bohemia, the Austrian
I army was in the worst state ; that the soldiers were
without shoes, and almost without clothing ; that
I they were badly fed ; and that there were at Prague
and in the neighbourhood, 70,000 tick and wounded
of different nations; that the hospitals and the public
establishments were filled with them, and that they
had been obliged to place a great number of them in
the houses of the nobility and citizens.

Count Hardenberg, that pensioner of Great Britain,
who writes with SQ much respect to the Clerks of the
English Treasury, and of whom we spoke some time
ago, was sent to Prague by Lord Walpole ; and on
his return to Vienna, he gave the same details respect-
ing the unfortunate position of the army.
The Austrian Couna is in warns discussion with
tie English Ministry, relative to the subsidies.
England wishes only to furnish bills, and Auitria

desires to have real money, and is negociating for
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Oil purpose with the Vieonat bankers ; but the latter
refuse to take those bi 11.... being much embarrassed in
diposing of them.
The intelligence froth I-lu.ngary causes great itnea-
sinep to Government.
Tit* %mops. of the liongarian insurrection have
evinced. so bad a disposition, that they have been sent
track to their hrnes tilt ityther orders. In the vil-
lage of Viiglo thoro have been violent dissensions,
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