Star.
London, England, 1824-10-01 00:00:00

'loloparisos beta* the 'Papers of Eniedand and Russia,
as ihiy stand? iN relatioisla &lope at large. By M.
L'iWinle. Muer.

(Continued from the STaa of yesterday.)
CHAP. IV.—Comoterce.
Commerce and knowledge (that is to say "
tion of Mind" lie inseparable companions; therefore an
enlightened people willwlerays be found to cherish a
taste for commerce...
In &glair" the spirit of commerce nperatas in the
plenitude of its poWer. The following statemiht, pub-
lished by the Ministry in 1822, will give the mean
term of the Btitish exportations from 1793 to 1802 ;
as thus, 01,588,333 6s. Bd. from 1803 to 1812,
£57;966,966' 1 Ss. 4d. and from 1815 to 1822,
£60,145',833 6s. Bd. whereas in 1821 the French ex•
portations amounted only to 450,000,000 francs, or in
.British coin 418,750,000. Thus it will be seen that the
commerce of England has annually increased since the
*last peace; and has fully indemnified itself for the dimi-
milion occasioned by the loss of its exclusive enjoyment
°f the advantages of commerce during the war.
The improvement which has been introduced into
the British massufactorie. by the.nse of machinery, and
the atharnates nallth England derives from her almost'
exclusive trade *irk India, has caused .her manufac—
Anted silks to exceed in subs6nCe and beauty the hi-
iherto unrivalled productions of the_French and Italian
looms. The cotton and cambric manufactures of Man:
cheater, Glasgow, and of Paisley, have nearly expelled'
.from• the =stet the piece goods of France and India.
The exportation of manufactured cottons from England
amounted in .1821 to A:22,916,666 15s. 4d. and woollen
goods to £6,000,000. Diving the reigns of George the
First and George the Second they did not exceed
£8b3,599 6s. Bd. The wools of the British colony at
Botiny Bay surpass in quality the finest wools of Saxony
and Spain, and so contribute lirgely to the wealth of
the mother country.

Canada, which was burdensome to France, furnishes
employment to a fourth part of the commercial navy of
Eogland. In 1822 rine hunched drips were launched
from the merchants' yards, for . the purposes of com-
merce. . The home built vessels,.' entered and de-
parted from the British ports, during-1842, amounted to
16,000, and the foreign built to. 8,500.
'The folloWing table is without parallel in the history
of the woad. England exports to Germany a 0,Q00,000;
to Russia £3.416.666 IS.. 4d.toitaly £3,540,000 ; to
China and India £3,250,090; to the Brazils £2,250,000;
to the former possessions of Spain in America
L'958,333. 6s. Bd.
Tyre and Carthage would.have been mere country
homes in comparison witk.Bristol. Liverpool, and Lon-
don. But constituted as society is in the world at pre.
sent, there is nothing alarming, nothing in this opulence
of England to awaken the, jealousy, or alarm the appre-
hensions of other countries ;
,for the prosperity of ene
State is really the proof of the prosperity enjoyed by
others. The existence of the manufacturer of course
• proves that of the consumer ; they are relative terms,
and the one • cannot subsist without the other. If
therefore the exportations of England amount to
£58,335,533 6s. Bd. and those of Trance during the
same time, to'only £18,750,000 ; it still proves, that the
manufactories of England alone have not been sufficient
to meet the general demands on them. Therefore other
nations have made up the deficiency. Thus Italy,
Germany, and the North of Europe, have not remained
without employments They have laboured on their
side, and if they have imported, they have exported
as well

' The opulence of England thus proves that the world
at large is progressively advancing to a high degree of
improvement and amelioration. -Nothing however is
less known
.; no subject, on which so many contradic-
tory statements are heard, and so many vague ideas
afloat, as respecting the commerce of England with
India and with South America. These are the new
outlets, the new markets for British manufactures, of
the extent of which no documents published by autho-
rity have as yet enabled the world to form an accurate
calculation. The immense improvement which has of
late taken place in the manufacture of the English silks
is a fact. early unknown on the Continent. The same
advance in excellence has taken place with respect to
the English linens generally, and above all in muslins
and cambrics. The British cambrics have superseded,
in the general taste, the productions of that nature from
the manufactures of France, who was the first to create
the manufacture, and for a long time could boast her
superiority in it over the other nations. At this day
the mar kets of India, whence, during a series of ages,
muslins were brought into Europe, are now supplied
almost entirely with those of British production. These
two facts are quite new, and being known only by the
few, should be widely communicated, They offer a
striking and u.eful lesson on the boundless power of the
genius of man, as also on the beneficial results of human
industry, when sure and constant in its operations; and
when attained to perfection through the aid of a higher
degree of intelligence.

CHAP. V.
The British ailsnies.
The English colonies may be divided into two classes,
those which she held possession of before the revolu-
tionary war, to the number of twenty-six, and those,
which daring the continuance of that war she wrested
from the other c 'nutrias of Europe, and which amounted
to seventeen. None of these colonies contribute directly
to the political strength of Englaird, but rather the .Con-
trary, since they drain the mother country of part of
• her military and naval forces. Thus Cuba, Martinique,
and St. Domingo, did not directly contribute to the real
power of France or Spain. The only example offered
in modern history of the effective co•oper.rtion of a
colony with the parent state, is that of the British set-
tlements in North America uniting their native soldiers
with the English forces in the 'attack on Nova Scotia
and Canada, in 1756
The chief advantage to be derived from colonial pos-
sessions consists in the extent and value of their com-
merce. Thus Canada employs the fourth part of the
whole of the English tonnage, that is to say six hun-
dred thousand tons, and con-umes more cf British
produce than even the East Indies. The Island of
J tmaica alone contributes to the English Custom I louse
an annual revenue of 1:2,000,(X)0, which are levied on
the importation uf one hundred thousand bar-leis of
-sugar ! The balance in favour of France on her corn.

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