Star.
London, England, 1822-10-26 00:00:00

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Bayonne, &c.
These reports
stittitional party,
tinually call on

for a levy en masa,
anci Clergy, who are presuined to support the et_
fenders of the Paith. The MiPiiters. believe their.
safely depends en the violent patty, bdt with to avoid
the explosion so much deslied by the truly anarchical
faction. It is affirmed that at a patriotic meetiggil
where Lopez Banos and San Miguel were prsseatirk
was agreed thar it was i rnpossible to retrograde a urnalte*
step, though the Holy Alliance should send a :pil-
lion of men into Spaitt.
The intentions of these young statesmen 'are pub-

licly applauded, and it is said that the demand for
$7,000 men and 6000 horses, made by the War Mi-
nister,Driginated with San Miguel ; the object being
to have a good army at any rate. It is added, that
the army will be raised to 100,000 men, exclusive of
the active Militia : 40,000 will be for Catalonia.
It is resolved to levy the militia in Valencia, Bis-
cay, and Navarre, notwithstanding the opposition of
the inhabitants, who have been hitherto exempt. The
Ministers of the Interior, the Marine, and Finance,
shew great zeal and activity.
It is said the Queen has given up the journey to
Saxony : it is certain that her health is much improved.

Hamburgh Papers to the 19th instant reached us
this forenoon. They contain an article from Bombay,
of the 2d of June, which states that a Revolution had
taken place at Goa, when several Members of the
'Government were banished, and had arrived at Bom-
bay. It is said, that above a hundred of the inhabi-

tants had also been confined in dungeons in Goa; and
that several houses have been plundered by the sol-
diers. The following are extracts:

BOMBAY,JUNE It.

On the 26th of last month arrived here, fretn Goa,
Marshal Correa, Senor Ipureiro, Chancellor oE the
Supreme Tribunal, and Mesers..Margellpes, Pocha,
and Aloo, Judges in .the They are
said to have been suddenlrsint awayfrom that.place
by the persons now in power there. -They were men
of the highest consideration there, and, three of.them
Masters of the Constitutional Junta established there.
in September last year. We underiiincrtbit'thi
Archbishop Primate and General Godinho were
likely to be included in the sentence oreeile.

Above a hundlredof the inhabitants, *own whom
were several Vicars.and.persons•of distinction, were
oonfined in the dungeons of Goa, and no one ad-
mitted to them. Some houses had been plundered by
the soldiers, many persons wounded and ill-treated,
and nobody could pass through-the Pangem street
without being insulted. Several persons had left the
province, and others were preparing to do so as soca
as possible.

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/7-'7% . :47-,arr

LETTER Hi.

AND POLITICAL STATE Oil
PORTUGAL.

THE EDIToIt OF TIM STAIL
LONDON, OCT. 18, 1822.
ovy.last communication, the King and
Cortes of Poaregal save completealovith an unanimity
71,„bidrAmbilsramen both, the regeneration of the
eyonstitutina of the, Monarchy, and the Portuguese
standatbnspicoous among the enlightened nations of
Europe evil people deserving of liberty, and capable
of enjo)iiig it.' Their King, too, has shewn himself no
less worthy of ruling over a loyal and liberal peoplc.
But before I enter Upon the transactions of latter
times, I must complete the task I have imposed
myself of giving the history of the former ages.
The connection between England and Portugal
commenced at a very early period in the history of
the two countries. In 1147, we find an English
army, under William Duke of Normandy, engaged in
the siege of Lisbon, and assisting the King, Alphons-,
in the conquest of that capital, then held by the
Moors. Under a succession of warlike Monarchs,
the Portuguese maintained their independence and
increased their power; and whenever a season of
peace admitted of the assembling a general Cortex,
their aid was always demanded by the Sovereign in
providing agaibst contingencies, and in perfecting
the civil institutions of the kingdom. We must re-
mark, however, that from a very early date the over-
grown power of the Church (the tyranny under which
Portugal has ever languisied) in many instances not
only thwarted the best intentions of the King,but over-
turned the wise and salutary decisions of the Cortes.
Portugal was often laid under an interdict by the Ruler
of the Vatican. Nay, so great was the influence of the
Court of Rome, actuated by the advice of the Clergy,
that his Holiness presumed to release the Portuguese
from their oath of allegiance to the great grandson
of the first Alphonso, and to give the crown to his
brother. In 1280, the first war between the Chris-
tian Rulers of Castile and Portugal took place. It
was of short duration, as the Portuguese had by far
the best of the contest; and the Spaniards were glad
"to securea stricter union between the Crowns by va-
rious intermarriages.
: About 1380, a treaty of alliance was negotiated
;between Henry the Third of England and Ferdinand
King `of Portugal ; and John Duke of Lancaster
was joined by the Portuguese in his attempt to obtain
the Crown of Castile, which he considered as having
fallen to him in right of his wife Constantia, t' .e
eldest daughter of their lite King Peter. But as the
luxury of the. Court had in a great measure destroyed
the natural bravery of the people, the assistance f
the Portuguese army was of little avail.
Ferdinand, who died in 1389, left no male issue ;
the King of Spain, therefore, laid claim to the Croy n
of Portugal, as belonging to his Queen, the eldest
daughter of Ferdinand : this was the cause of a flesh
war, as, by the Constitution of the kingdom, no Prin-
cess who had married a foreign Sovereign was to
reign irr Portugal. Jn this crisis the eyes of the na-
tion were turned to Don John, Grand Master of the
Order of CHRIST, who, though an illegitimate son of
Ferdinand, was still considered a natural Prince, and
being a man of good address and great military ta-
lents, he was invested with the command of the army,
and by the unanimous voice of the people, who
dreaded the Spanish yoke, declared King of Portu-
gal. His energy and commanding powers soon called
forth the innate valour of his followers, and the Kiug
of Castile was obliged to retire into his own domi-
nions. Here again the alliance of England was of
material advantage, and the great victory of Alju-
harrota was in some measure owing to the bravery
of a body of our countrymen, who wereicraed in the
vanguard of the left wing of the Portuguese army.—
The confusion which this victory occasioned in Spain
induced the Duke of Lancaster to make a second at-
tempt to secure the Crown for his daughter, and
John of Gaunt, then in his sixtieth year, embarked
for Lisbon, taking with him his wife and two daugh-
ters, the Ladies Philippa and Constance. At Oporto,
the first named was married to the King of
Portugal
—a union which
.produced a still firmer alliance be-
tween the two countries, and an end was put to the
war between England and Spain by a marriage be-
tween the Infant Henry of Castile and the Princess
Constance of England. A treaty of peace having
been concluded also between Portugal am! Spain,
John I. found himself in possession of an undisputed
Crown. The nation now enjoyed repose for a series
of years, and Portugal was at no time in a more flou-
rishing condition than towards the end of this reign,
Under the patronage of John I. and his son Henry, a
spirit of enterprise was fostered—new countries were
discovered, and Prince Henry, an able scholar and
mathematician himself, was surrounded by the learned
men of every nation in Europe. The descendants of
John and Queen Philippa continued to reign and to
maintain the glory of Portugal until, in 1574, the
gallant Don 'Sebastian sailed for Africa) with the
flower of the Portuguese youth, where they perished
on the banks of the river Logue. He was, indeed,
succeeded by his grand uncle, the Cardinal Henry ;
but Portugal was never able to hold up her head,
and, through the perfidy of the Courtiers who sur-
rounded the feeble Monk, he; Crown was sold to
Philip 11. of Spain.
. The Philips, during their usurpation, left no means
untried to depress the military spirit of the nation,

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