Star.
London, England, 1830-03-08 00:00:00

MR. OWEN'S EXPOSE,
• At SUBMITTED TO THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT.
(Continued.)

ropositions arhailing the mosuity of a Political demo.

1. That all Governments having necessarily been founded upon
the same erroneous notions from which the spurious morality of the
world has originated, their codes of laws have been opposed to
oaten, and have been complicated and unjust; and that their, prac-
tices, therefore, have been, of necessity, deceit, contention, and war.
2. That, under this error, each Government has been compelled,
in its own defence, to pursue the same course, or to fall a victim to
some other power, superior in force, or in these arts of deception.
3. That all nations having been forced, by this error, into a mi-
serable and irrational state of existence, Governments have been
4.ompelletl, for their own support and security, to oppress the go.
verned, and to keep them, as much u possible, in ignorance of the
motives on which they have governed.
4. That under the ;present system, all being considered ignorant
of the fundamental laws of human nature, no government can exist,
r.:01 can Any be devised which would mutually benefit the governing
•ind governed.
.i. That Armin; and Navies, the lamented scourges of the world,
have, under this error, been necessarily created to govern human
iture by force, instead of by reason.
G. That a Government of force requires for its support a very
large portion of the labour and beat faculties of the population ;
and necessarily entaina innumerable other evils, upon both the go-
verning and governed.
7. That war, under this error, is unavoidable ; and that, although
incidentally it has been productive of some advantages, is yet, al-
most invariably, the cause of the most grievous evils, both to the
victors and the vanquished.
& That, under this error, the whole system of Government has
necessarily made irrationality and folly of every conceivable deserip.
don the high fashion among the leading parties of all nations ; and
that, in consequence, the most valuable powers, national and indi-
vidual, have been applied to produce the most useless or injurious
results.

Propositions exhibiting the beneficial ersets necessarily arising
from the adoption ofa Political Systemfounded upon thefore.
golly Moral System:
1. That under the new moral system, founded upon an accurate
knowledge of human nature, no cause could ever arise to disturb the
confidence, or weaken the good feelings, which would naturally sub-
sist between the governing 'and the governed ; and that, u both
parties would have but one Interest, no motives could exist to tempt
Government to pursue any other course than that most conducive to
the public good.

2. That, in consequence, no contest could ever arise between the
Government and the people.
3. That, as all parties would evidently have but one common in.
serest, all would engage in promoting it, with the same seat as they
now engage in their schemes of individual interest, ambition, plea.
sure, or gratification.
4. That the proceedings of national Government would no longer
he made a mystery to the people, nor their offices objects of contest
between individuals and parties; nor their stability be maintained
by a counteraction of interests, because all their transactions would
be made solely and obviously with a view to the public good.
Propositions exhibiting the Necessity of a Commercial Change.

I. That the present mode of interchanging commodities, and of
conducting commercial affairs, has arisen from the same erroneous
notions of human nature, which have created the false morality and
the mistaken policy of all countries.
2. That, in consequence, trade, commerce, and manufactures,
which ought to be productive of unmixed good, are now almost an
unmixed evil, producing falsehood, fraud, cunning, competition,
and opposition of feeling, between buyers and sellers individually ;
oppression and poverty among the community at large, and coon.
teraction, contest, and war, between nations.
3. That, as these departments of life are now conducted, they are
instruments by which the weaker part of society suffer by the
stronger; or, in other words by those who possess greater capital,
Influence, or cunning ; and are means by which men are trained to
take every possible advantage one of another.
4. That all, undesignedly or unintentionally, from the highest to
the lowest, are now engaged in this universal practice of deception.
6. That the effects which necessarily arise from conducting com.
mercial affairs upon these erroneous notions are—first, to excite a
most mischievous desire on the part of all for individual gain ; a de.
sire which, in its consequences, deteriorates the best faculties and
finest feelings of the ,human race; and, secondly, to deprive all of
the real advantages which belong to a rational interchange, both of
commodities and of the productions of the human faculties.
G. That the human race is thus made to live, contrary to Its in.
terest and happiness, in perpetual contest, and in the constant
fear of poverty, and to have all the highest faculties of the mind
perverted by the universal desire of buying cheap and of selling
dear.

7• That this universal desire, as now applied to practice, so
blinds the understanding or judgment of all, that they cannot per.
ceive that they are thereby compelled, as all are doing at this mo-
ment, to sell cheap, and to buy dear; for that now, in ibis supposed
enlightened age of commerce, the productive powers, both physical
and mental, of all human beings, are sold at less than one per cent.
of their real value.

8. That this enormous loss in the real value of these productive
powers is an unavoidable result of men being, through ignorance
of the laws of their nature, so placed that they must prey one upon
another in order to support themselves ; and are thus compelled to
live by rapacity and contest, instead of by union.
Propositions exhibiting the Beneficial Erects necessarily arising
from the adoption of a Commercial System, founded upon the

foregoing new Moral and Political System.
I. That, as no motive would exist for deception of any kind, or
any arise to induce one man to counteract soother In any pursuit,
the physical and mental powers of all will be brought to an equitable
market—one in which, without any bergaining,esch will obtain full
value in exchange for the productions of these powers.
2. That by this moral and equitable mode of Interchange, each
will receive a full supply of every thing most essential or beneficial
for human nature, or, in other words, of every thing that can
contribute to the improvement of man, and to the highest enjoyment
of life.

3. That these results will be secured-without contest or competi-
tion between individuals or nations, excepting as to which among
them shall be the earliest instrument of producing the greatest
amount of happiness to the greatest number.
4. That under the new moral system alone could this great change
in the commercial transactions of society be effected, by means of
giving an entirely new direction to the latterly-discovered scientific
powers of production.
5. That these powers of production are now so unwisely directed,
as to deprive a large propottion of the working classes of the
means of existence, and grievously to oppress the whole of them;
and that, in consequence, the time must soon arrive, when the
safety of the non-producing classes will be greatly endangered,
while by the proposed change of system these new powers will be
applied to aid the labour of the producing classes, and thereby to
secure incalculable advantages to all individuals of every rank and
condition.

(To be continued•)

The frightful extent of misery in this metropolis in the
months of January and February last, compared with that
of the same months in the two preceding years, is clearly
shown in an advertisement in front of our Paper. It is
there stated that the number of applicants who received
relief at the Mendicity Office in these two months was,
in 1828, 4,264 ; in 1829, 5,571 ; but in 1830 it
amounted to 45,21911