Star.
London, England, 1824-06-11 00:00:00

AROMATIC SPIRIT OF VINEGAR.

Tills agtee:tble perfumed liquor (the original in-.
vention of Mr. Henry) which is of well-known efficacy in
relieving Faintness and Head-ache, and in counteracting the '
effects of over-heated, close, or infected air, continues to be pre-
pared, in the greatest perfection, by Messrs. THOS. and WM.
HENRY, Manufacturing Chemists, Manchester. It is sold in
London;' wholes:ae and retail, by Messrs. Il.tycrr and 13Lew,
Perfumers, Cockspur-street ; and Retail, price Qs. 9d. by one
agent or more in every principal Town ; but it cannot be genuine,
unless the names of the above preparers are engraved on the
Government stamp, which is fixed over the cork of each box.—
Wort- Sponge Boxes are sold by Bayley and Blew, as usual.
As above may also be had, authenticated by a similar stamp,
C I I.C7NED MAL:NEsIA, in bottles at 25. 9d. or with glass
stoppers at 4s. G.l.

rnnq prolific discovery that really prevents the
11 I lair faliing uti ur turning grey, and produces a thick growth
on 1.411,1 pllcc: is
ROWLAND'S MACASSAR OIL.

This Oil is the first production of the age, and is now in such
univt.ts.:l WO, :ti,d its invaluable properties so highly and justly
appreciated, nut only the discerning population of this our en-
lightened con+ try, lint by the patronage of Royalty throughout the
whole of the civMzed universe. It is the must impoi trint specific
for the growth aril preservation of the human hair hitherto invented.
It restores its redundancy the tresses ravaged from the head of
hu.iiity by fever, anxkty, or accouckemvnt ; and in all casts, from
v..h.dsoever came arising, where this graceful ornament falls into
di•cay, operates as an infallible specific, powerfully nourishing the
Wilt in its latent prey retis, alt#: iustlining it in healthy viguur, maugre
time or climate, ( n its attainment of maturity.
110 WL.AND'S :%1 A CA:SSA It OIL firmly sustains its portion
of eialteti fame, and it is only necessary to guard the Public against
unparalleled Venders, who conscious of the impossibility of fair ri-
valship, resot t to fraud, and obtrude on the unwary a surreptitious
article of ibjui ions tendency, as the real MACASSAR OIL,
whereas the LtiUIX IL is sold enclosed in a little Book, inside
the wrapper, signed on the outside in red
A. ROWLAND AND SON.

The prices are per bottle. All other
prices are iinpusitiutts.—Tire Ger.aine has .he address on the label,
" No. 20, II at ott-Gortlen."
A LSO BED WIIISKERS, GREY WHISKERS, EYE-
BROWS, Hair on the Head, effectuaCy changed to Brown or
Black, by the use of
ROWLAND'S ESSENCF. OF TYRE.

Sold by the z,nle Proprietor, A. ROWLA ND and SON, No.
20, 1141011 Garden, 1101 born, London ; and by appointment by
Ilendrie, Titchhorne-street ; Bayley and Blew, Coekspur-
street ; Smyth, 117, Gattie and Peirce, 57, D. Rigge and C 0.55, New
Uond-sweet ; Delcroix, Old Bond-street ; Sanger, 1501 Oxford-
st reot ; 1141- r 4, 4, Che.ipiide, and t.O, ilegent.street ; IlarClay, 95,
Fleet-market; 114 98, Ilalburn Edwards, 66, St. Paul's;
Sutton, Bow nn-Ai-yard ; Rigge, No. 63, Clieapaldo;
lbannpsgate.strtet ; Taite, 41, Johnson, 68, Cornhili ; and by ail
Verlaine's and Venders.

HOUSE Of' LORDS. JUNE 10.
This morning the Lomb Citaxcaccos sat at ten o'clock, when
Appeals were proceeded with.
The Noble and Learned Lord moved their Lordships in the ap-
peal of " Wall v. the Attorney-General," from the English Court
of Exchi quer, and the judgment of the Court below was affirmed
by the House.
" Meredith v. litneage," also from the Court of Exchequer, was
heard out ; but the judgment was .!Jerred.
" klaule v. Malik" was heard in continuation, when the further
hearing war postponed to Mordav nest.
The LORD CH A NCELLOR informed the Counsel at the,'
bar, that he should proceed to deliver judgment on Mooday,
:wren the hours of teu and twelve in the morning ; but it w-othi not
he necessary tor the Ltar:;ed Cn, nsei who were engaged In the.
particular causes to be present in the House.
Adjourned ;.t tour o'clock daring pleart.re ; and at ten minutes tol
five the LORD CIIANC/i./.1.(11% took hiss •2!..' llpOft t:::: Woolsack.
Mr. homeliest and others brought up the liritWi and Irish
Fisheries Bill, the Sat.: Duties Rep. the Duchy Cortv.vall
Bill, the Paddington Improvernet:t at:d several other Bills.
late Earl of GROSVENOR postpsncd toss second reading of
the 5.15 of Game Bill till to-morrow.
rs".`"lß LAWS.

The Bishop of RA1%10.7. It t! to recent to their
LordsNps a l'etitirn which evinced an instance of har-
mony in a portion of the ininibitanN of Irehind not, ire.
deed, so predominant as ronld be wished, but which, it
was to be hoped, would be celtivated to a far greater
extent in future. The .:vas from the Inhabit-
ants of Kilmore, in the C.,:inty of A: magi!, in Leland ;
and was signed by die Ritter. Curate, and Church-
wardens, of the place, and also be the Roman Catholic
Priests, and by the Dissenting linisteis, who prayed
that some law might be enacted, if only for any one
parish in Ireland, to enable such parish to maintain its
Own poor. The Petitioners did not desire ti:at the Act
should be imperative, but permissive; and he begged
their Lordships to keep this distinction in view. Ti,ere
was not in Ireland, as there was in England, a settled
support for the poor whenever they became old and in-
firm, but the whole support of such persons was de-
rived in Ireland from spontaneous contributions; and it
was believed that a sum not much greater than was
now indi•criminately expended in supporting a portion
of the poor, might, under legal management, be found
sufficient for the maintenance of the whole. He was
aware that die system of Poor Laws a.lopted in this
country would riot be practicable it Leland ; and, if it
were practicable, such a system would not be desirable
there. What, therefore, the Petitioners now wished was,
only that voluntary contributions for the suppm t of the
poor in.lreland might he sanctioned and directed by the
law ; and he believed their Lordships had no danger to
apprehend from the extension and exercise of this kind
of permissive power. Whenever this was done, excel-
lent and zealous men would not be wanting in this
charitable work; he wished to see this great plan de-
scending from that august Assembly fo Parish Vestries
in Ireland, who, at present, had nu power to relieve the
poop—he wished to see this power made, not the com-
pulsory, but legitimate object of all Ve.tries in that
country. lie wished at any rate, that tl:e experiment
should be tried until it was proved to he injurious in
its oper.ition ; but he hoped the contrary would Run
out to be the fact when this power, as he had observed
in the outset, was not proposed to he imperative but
permissive. At present the Parochial Authorities in
Ireland had assumed this power to a certain extent—
as in cases of desertions of wive; by husbands, and of
children by their parents. It should also he consideied
that the extraordinary and augmenting population of
Ireland, which nothing could stop, had increased the
evil, being an increased proportion of vagrant beggars,
who issued of that grand ecina paupererum, most of
which were of necessity still exempted from relief.—
Such miscreants in mendicity ought to be checked in
their progress, as notorious at first sight ; but it was for
those who thus neither wandered not begged that the'
Petitioners felt interested, and these latter came under
the scope of the Petition which he bad the honour to
present to the House.—Upon time motion of the Right
Rev. Prelate, the Petition was then 1 cad, and ordered to
lie on the table.

The Earl of LIMERICK, in rising said, that he had
not risen for the purpose of opposing the Petition just
presented by his Right Rev. Filen.] ; but he must ob.
serve, at the same time, that never was he more sur-
prised in. this day of innovation and change than by the
contents and very scope of that Petition. It appeared
that his Right Rev. Friend considered the Poor Laws of
England were unfit for Ireland, and yet the Petitioners,
whose prayer he had preferred, were willing to tax
themselves in rather an extraordinary way. Ile could
assure their Lordships that the proposal would ia gene-
ral be received with distrust, if not even with terror, by
the landholders of Ireland ; and he could not help think-
ing how wonderful it was that men could be .“) gene-
rous in disposing of the property of others. But he
wished to suggest to his Ilidrt Rev. Vi icud a Niter
source of dispensing out benevnlence to the poor of Ire-
land. His Right Rev. Friend be aware of the his•
torical fact that originally the Ecclesiastical betaaiLes
were so allotted that one-third of the produce was as-
signed for the maintenance of the poar ; and, dm efoi e,
hoped that the Right Rev. Prelate would in this r e _pest
not fail to recur to the ancient pia:lice of the Chut Ch.
With respect to what his Right Ray. Ft iend stated in
relation to Dissenting Ministers in Leland, he for one
must rejoice at their j.iiuing in an thing, but this was
an insular case. He hoped that the Rev. Prelate
would never think that, untie:. such circuar.tances, he in-
tended the least disrespect to his R: lit Rev. Mien..
The E:ul of DARNLEY did trot look up‘u the Pe-
tition s, ith the same feeling of herter as had been ex.-
pressed by his Noble Friend, as he happened to
think that some general measure which shotrid provide
for the relief of the poor of Ireland, was its itself most
desirable. He would not assert that tae Poor Laws of
Englaud were suited to the people of Ireland, hut trn•
less in any such arrangonent there was a compalsory
piovision for the poor, he was afraid that a permissil c
provision would prove of little sx no use.
Earl FITZWILLIAM thought that their Lordship;
ought to admit the remedy which the pc:iLioners prayed
for, it it were only as an experiment, and limiting the
trial to one district in Ireland.
Lord CLIFDEN was in favour of the Petition, v.hich
was accordingly read, and laid upon the table.
The Earl of LAUDERIMI.I.: presented a Petition from tLe

The Eal 'of HARROWBY, though he reminded
their Lordships that he had voted not to include Joint
Stock Companies in the exceptions to the last Standing
Order, was willing t-) agree to suspend the latter in
favour of the present 13il1. Government was called to
act with strictness in certain cases, and yet Government
might deviate from that principle in another case, and
particularly in forwarding a Bill calculated`to.prcivide
for the growing wants of the population of Ireland ; for,
in cases like the present, it was morally impossible that'
a very larf..!ef proportion of the capital to be raised (sup-
pose it 4.00.090/.) coul4, in the first instance, be wanted.
It v.as unnecessary to The project, and injurious to sub-
scribers, to vest such a vim, unrequired, in the Public
Funds or is Exchequer Bills, at-an interest of only three
leer cent. %Mk saying :his, he was very far from
thinking that the present Bill offered no s-curity, for it
off.” eJ a capital of 10,0001. in the first instance, which
vas to go on to 20,0001. One tenth of the profits was
:ilor to be laid by to form a relief fond. Here again.
it was stirulated that four-fifths of the capital must be.
trhscribed, ani the subscribers were ail liable to be
•Isued. He trusted that these considerations would in-
duce their Lordships to suspend the Standing Orders
in favour of the present Rm. lie should therefore move
the suspension of the Standing Orders of the House.
The Marquis of LANSDOWN entirely concurred
with the sentiments and the motion of the Noble Earl.
litt• did nut perceive great utility in the multiplication
of Standing Orders ; but if the system of increasing
them continued, he should be disposed to propose one
directing that no Standing Order should be adopted
unless it had previously lain for three weeks on their
Lordships' tables.
The Etrl of LAUDERDALE did not wish to op-
pose the motion, inasmuch as something more than no.
'Mind capital was secured in the present case. With
•reoard to t.!e new Standing Order, which provided for
••
depositing three-fourths of the capital, when their Lord-
ships once looked at Canal and Dock Companies, where
not one shilling was paid up, they would perceive the
necessity of some regulation. Most of their Lordships
were, he believed, too apt to indulge on such occasions
in friendly predilections; and he considered it better,
for the guidance and security of Noble Lords, to adopt
some single rule determining their conduct. He knew,
indeed, that the Standing Order in question had already
done good, and he was satisfied that it was calculated
to effect more.

Standing Orders were now suspended, when the Bill
was read a second time, and ordered to be committed
fi:r to-morrow.
The Earl of K I NGSTON presented a Petition from several ra-
risli, in the Province of Ght.!r, in Ireland, which Petition was
signed both by Unman Catholics and Protestants, who prayed that
as Churches were building In Itlnglan.l, so Churches might be erected.
in lieland, and resident Clergymen qtpf.inted to them.

THE msslt INsurtnrcrioN ACT.

The Earl (.1 Ii All ROW BY now moved the Order of
the ])4y for ale third teadicg of the hibli Insurrection
Act Continuation Bill.

The Earl of DARNLEY condemned the freqoent re-
enactment of such a measure, and wished their Lord-
ships to go into a more extended inquiry with regard
to the actual state of Ireland, wi:h A view to the per-
manent relief of that country. While he allowed the
extreme necessity that called for the present Bill, he
could only now agree to it u;:on the stipulation that it
was icnewed for one single year. He would admit that
much forbearance had been observed in enforcing the
Act, and he trusted that it would never he abused in
its application, by his Noble Friend at the head of the
Government in Ireland. But unless the House agrted
:a probe the miseries of Ireland to the bottom, and un-
iess all religious di,tinctions and all civil anomalies
were done away with, Ireland would never be pacified.
The h url cf. LIVERPOOL here interposed, and re-
called the attention of their Lordships to the question
now before them. He conceived that the Noble Lord
(Darnley) was rather out cf order iu going so far into,
the subject, when their Lordships' Committee had de-
cided, but it would not be proper, at present, to lay the
evidence they had collected in an imperfect state upon
the table of the House. The time would however come,
and was not distant, when that information—not piece.
meal, nor upon hearsay—might, with proper guards,
be submitted to their 'Lordships. If, in the meantime,
their Lordships got into inquiries as to what one person
had stated who was connected with the Catholics, and
again, what another had deposed in connection with
the Orangemen, they Would only get into fresh diffi-
culties; and, for himtell, he begged to protest against
any such c, ursc. • .

• "lhe E.ul of DARNLEY resumed, and said his ob-
ject in rising had been to ex1:1:4;n why he had acceded
to the almost num-in-nous wish (t the Codimittee.

The Nliatquis of LANSDOWN moved, that the Re-
port of tl:e Con:mittee be lead at the table.• The Report
h...in? read, the N.:ble Lord stated, that by not opposing
the Bill, neither he nor any t,ther Noble Lot d was
pledged either to a temporal y or remanent Iproba-
lion of the Bill. He voted the Bill with reluctati:e;
but was sca ible of the necessity ti providing for the
tranquillity of the country. But it would be a stand-
ing hbcl on the Statute Book, that the tranquillhy of
Ireland could not he mairitt-.ined by law. He should
move next Setsion that the inquiry be extended not only
to the district: where the Insurrection Act was How in
operation, but where i: had never been called into action.
Lord HOLLAND was aware that no opposition l,e
could make to tl:e Dili tvotr!ti be successful, when he
saw that manv to whom he looked up with reveterice
and affection, found themselve> cornrelled to assent to
the Bill. He only meant to avail himself of the for ms
of the IL-P.:L.., to testify his deelded disappoosation of
the Bill. tie thouBi:t that Parliament, in granting such
exti act dinary po ers, had mainly contributed to iggrit-
vale the tills they welt: rtleant to remove.
The E irl of Alt ItO.VBY said, he had brought in
the Bill by the recommendation of the Committee, Mud

z.---r ---r r--

MMUIMON.‘•••••IOr,r•••••er.,---..1,11TV

marked, that had he made.any such proposition, he
should have been accused of withing to divert the at-
tebtion of the Conirnissioners from the main object of
their inquiry.
Mr. PEEL had not opposed the continuation of the
grant to this Institute on the score of any, dispute on
account of patronage— he had oppo t on other
grounds. He entertained very great doubts about the
public interference with education. But he disapproved
of the principles of the regulations of this Institute, and
of subscribers of £lOO being entitled to meddle with
the establishment ; however, if Government gave any
support to it, surely they had some right to know some-
thing about the management of the Institute. As to
the inquiry, it would be useful ; but the time ought to
be left to the Commissioners, instead of binding them
down to proceed to such inquiry forthwith ; besides the
Commission had been made out.
Mr. S. RICE said, he was satisfied with the promise ;
he only desired that inquiry should take place. He
would, after the understanding that the Commissioners
should inquire into the propriety of continuing the giant
to the Belfast Institution, withdraw the amendment.
The amendment was then withdrawn, and the Peti-
tion ordered to be printed.

PETITIONS.
Mr. GRENFELL presented a Petition from Fal-
mouth, praying for a revision of the proceedings against
the late Mr. Smith. The Honourable Member took 1
this opportunity of expressing his decided censure of
these, proceedings from beginning to end. He knew it
• was the fashion to call all those persons who did not
agree imar which was said by our Colonists, Methodists,
Saints,- of-Enthusiasts; he must however be allowed to
say, that he was none of these, yet he did not give cre-
dit to all the accounts which were forwarded to us frcra

the Colonies.
Sir I. COFFIN said, seeing was believing. He would
advise the /Immutable Member for Penrhyn to go to
the Colonies and convince himself—Theategro, if left to
himself, was a happy creature:, but-.by introducing
these new-fangled doctrines amoitg them they were ren-
dered unhappy, instead of comfortable. He could as-
sure his Honourable Friend, fat, sleek, and jolly as he
' was, that he could shew him hundreds cf slaves fatter
and better-looking than he was—(A laugh).
Mr. MANNING could not refrain from repeating the
wish expressed by the gallant Admiral (Sir I. Coffin),
namely, that the Honourable Member for Penillyn
would take a voyage and be an eye-witness of the state
of the slaves, and the treatment they received from their
masters. He had himself been in the West Indies, but
never saw any of those cruelties exercised towards the
slaves of which so much was now said.—The Petition
was then brought up, read, and ordered to be printed.
Lord MILTON said, he held in his hand a Petition
from a considerable number of the Catholics of Ireland.
The prayer in which was somewhat different to that
which these Petitions generally contained. The Peti-
tioners adverted to the severe Penal Codc formerly en-
forced against the Catholics, and they now asked to have
the Orangemen disarmed and treated in the same man-
ner as they treated the Catholics a century ago. In this
part of the prayer of the Petition he could not agree.
He could not consider that the evils and disturbances
of Ireland would be cured by punishing the Orange.
men of the present day for the evils which their ances-
tits inflicted on the Catholics of former d tys. He
thought quiet would he best resumed by burying all
those things in oblivion. He should now move, that the
Petition be brought up.—The Petition was read, and
utdered to be printed.
Sir N. COLTHURST presented a Petiticn from Cork,
against the Warehousing Bill.
Mr. HERRIES said, this Bill stood as one of the Or-
ders of the Day, and could be discussed when it came on.
Mr. HUTCHINSON said, the Bill had created a great
sensation in Cork and Dublin.—The Petition was then
lead, and ordered to be printed.
Mr.HUME presented a. Petition from the Ship- owners,
&c. of King's Lynn, in Norfolk, against the Impressment
of Seamen. This was an evil that should be allowed no
longer to remain as a blot upon our Statute Book.
Mr.C.HUTC HINSON thought the greatest hardship
was, that after returning from a foreign station, the sea-
man was liable to be impressed.—The Petition was or-
dered to lie on the table, and to be printed.
Mr. C. HUTCHINSON presented a Petition from
the Catholics of the County and City of Cork, praying
for Emancipation. Although the Petition was only
signed by 500 Catholics, yet he could assure the House,
that they were never more unanimous in desiring a re-
peal of the laws which oppress them. When he found
the Catholics expressing and entertaining the warmest
sentiments of loyalty, and when he found them enduring
patiently degradation and oppression—when he found
them performing every public and private duty, and
when he considered the battles they had won, he could
not conceive why the attention of Parliament had not
been called by Ministers to their present situation. In
a moment of profound peace, when the Stuart family
was extinct, and the Pope without political power, he
could find no reason or apology for the present remiss-
ness on this question. He felt with the Catholics, not-
withstanding all they gained during the late reign, there
could be no security for them until all the disabilities
attending them should be done away. If he thought
there could be any danger to the State from advocating
the Catholic Claims, he would be the first to withdraw
his support front them. He wished Ministers to ask
the Protestant Gentlemen now before the Committee
on the state of Ireland, whether the Catholics were so
disunited and powerless that they would not soon forte
this great question upon the attention of Parliament?—
He could tell the Secretary for Ireland that Great
Britain would be placed in a situation of the utmost
peril if a war should now break out, and we had an
active enemy on-the other side of the water ready to
invade Ireland. At the same time, if there should be
any violence or intemperance on the part of any of the!
Catholics, he must greatly lament it, because he wall
satisfied that none but the Catholics themselves could
injure their cause; and yet it was but natural to expect
that the Catholics should be in a considerable state of ir-
ritation when they found their claims so much neglected.
Mr. BECHER supported the Petition, and cau-
tioned the House from confounding the great body of
the Catholics with a small body wnich might, to indif-
ferent spectators, appear to act with violence and inju-
dicious intemperance. lie never could contemplate the
conduct cf the people of Ireland without also imagining
what would be the probable conduct of the people of
England were they placed under similar disabilities.
The empire would be shaken to its foundation.—The
Petition was ordered to lie on the table, and be printed.
RECOVEItY Olt SMALL DEBTS IN SCOTLAND.
Lord A. HAMILTON moved for leave to bring in a
Bill for the better recovery of Small Debts in Scotland.
This was a measure desired by all the tradesmen in

Scotland, who were obliged to give up part of their
claims, in order to save the monstrous expense attend-,
ing the prosecution of a claim for any sum above f. 5.
He blamed the Government and the Lord Advocate
for having neglected the repeated Reports of a Com-
mittee appointed ten years ago to inquire into the sub-
ject, all of which had been favourable to this measured
His object was, to have the Bill introduced and printed,
for the perusal of Members, before the next Session.
The LORD ADVOCATE was not disposed to op-
pose the bringing in the Bill, as it was not intended that
it should be pressed upon the House during the present
Session. To those who only looked to the recovery of
small debts, this might be a desirable Bill ; but they
must also look to the inducement it would hold out to
poor tradesmen to give credit to poor people, and the
evil of giving a power of decision without appeal, and
of summary imprisonment. He found that three-fourths
of the debtors in Scotland were imprisoned under the
Small Debts Act. Besides the business of the Courts
(now much more than they could well get through)
would be doubled by the effects of this Bill.
Mr. MAXWELL wished some measure to be adopted
on this subject.
Mr. HUME suggested, that sums to be recovered in
the Small Debt Court should be extended to la and
he wished that imprisonment for debt should be put an
end to throughout the kingdom. He understood that
the United States had abolished it; and in Canada there
was no imprisonment for debt whatever.
Lord A. HAMILTON replied, and leave was given to
bring in the Bill.
IMPREiShIENT 01P SEANIEV.
Mi. HUME said, that in bringing forward his pro-
mised motion, he was fully sensible of its importance.'
' If the question were looked at fairly and properly, he
was so: c they would not support the present system.
No man more than himself wished to continue the glory
and pre-eminence of our Navy, which was, as it should
he, the great bulwaik of our defence. Ile wished not col
cripple our naval power : he wished to make it Avolun-
tary set vice, and not one of force and coercion. The
naval service should be conducted like every other
branch of service ; and it would he a most desirable ob-
ject to have the naval service voluntary, and not as it
was, and still continued to be, a system of the grossest
coercion, and tendering the service a heavy penance.
In fact, such was the tyranny practised under the exist-
ing system, that people shunned it as a plague and
a pestilence. Let the matter at all events go to a
Committee, and if these it should be decided even that
impressment should be continued (a decision which he
did not anticipate), still some good would be effected by
the fact of instituting inquiry. The practice of impress.
ment had long prevailed, and though sanctioned by
Act of Parliament, he still thought it unconstitutional.
He knew that impressment was warranted by the com-
mon law of the land, but again he contended it was un-
constitutional. Although Mr. Justice Foster had argued
so ably on the other side, that learned personage ad-
mitted thin he knew of no Statute permitting to the
Crown the right of impressment, though it was sanc-
tioned by proscription or immemorial usage; such
usage, all the time, not being contrary to the feelings
of the people, or to public utility. The only Sta-
tute on the subject was that of Richard 11. which was
fully answered by Baron Maseres, and it was an answer
wotthy the perusal of every man feeling an interest in
this very important subject. lle wished the House to
see whether impressment were really useful. No class of
individuals were mere praised than the Navy, and yet
no class had their rights more sacrificed, or their feelings
more outraged. Necessity had ever been the plea of
tyrants in all countries for their oppressions; and, in
this case, it was incumbent on those who supported an
odious system, to chew that the necessity existed, and that
it was an overwhelming one. He found we had volunteer
fleets, and that of Adm. Blake was one so constituted.
If in that case so much benefit had been derived to the
country as history declared it to be, he saw no reason
why it should not be followed in the present time of
peace. lii 1739 some efforts were made to remedy the
evils of impressment ; but the defenders of the system
alleged that a time of war was not the time to alter it;
but still no one folly justified it. All that could be said
for it was, that it was necessary ; necessity was the only
plea for is continuance. Subsequent attempts were
made on the same subject, but vi ith no more success.
The sth of Anne repealed the Act of 1696; but that
repeal was extremely partial. Ile knew that recently
the treatment towards sailors hal been improved,
hut still desertion constantly took place. The Ho-
nourable Member proceeded to read some extracts from
the pamphlet of Captain Marryatt, with a view to show'
the danger and the inefficacy of impressment. Impress-
ment provoked desertion, us was particularly exemplified
in the case of the Newcastle, when in chase of the Ame-
rican frigate Constitution. Why, lie asked, did desertion
so frequently take place? Did we not get Admirals
and Captains without impressment ? And why not
seamen? Simply for this reason ; that seamen were not
well treated, and were not used as they ought to be.
In the time of William 111. the pay of the sailer was
nearly 21s. per month, and now they only received 325.
whereas in other services they had nine, ten, and a dozen
pounds per month. In Ametica there was no compul-
sion to enter the navy, and he saw no reason why the
practice should not be followed here. If we came into
contact with the Americans, we could not meet them
on equal terms, while we had slaves and they had free-
men to fight their ships. America paid her seamen
three times more than England, and paid them regularly
too. The payment of the navy was a matter of great
importance, which might be easily remedied. The next
disadvantage to the sailor was the indefinite length of
his service, and if the House did justice they would in-
terfere for the protection of the British seaman, as well
as they did for the protection of the natives of Africa or
the West Indies. In fact, he (Mr. Ilume) thought the
situation of the Btitish seaman was worse than that of a
galley slave. They were first torn from their home
and friends, then ill-used, and on their return from a
foreign station, in place of being allowed to visit their
homes and friends, from whom they were so dragged,
they were again sent to the East or West Indies.—
Should not such a system be altered, or at all events
inquired into? A system of compulsion was wrong
cage,otNn
tohii
mtr y
emanonfewdn
de, when
oi
orhent
eh. b they
alrec
Sailors. o:
Hmul
oud theywere tonoo k et
dealt v e every y
woi pt
hp o
ar- s
in any way. Sailors were like birds let loose from a
tmeeiriwenodullyd,
masokr,ewahy
imlitroetf,
and why use them differently front every other class of
persons? The severity of punishment was the next dis-
advantage
knew
w as a under which
twiemh improved
topic;
v e the
dh ts sailor o.
thought
h o nbj g ht laboured.
onr
code ought
This he
of punishment in the Navy 0.111 et
mn
;st
os
due
d e
alteration,ct . Tli e system
taenmd
he called on his Majesty's Ministers to look to their

white sloes—(llear)—he
well as to the slaves in

owner were prohibited from
til the day after the offer
shbuld the sailor be subject
whim and caprice of the officer ? No man should he
punished without a Court-martial, and m ithout
same regulations as now prevailed in the Army. S:mic
of the most humane men in the Navy considered cor.

poral punishment might be greatly diminished. Pu.
nisliment to an excessive degree still took place, and
no proper check was, as yet, put to it. He wi!s aware
that some Officers were tried fur cruelty, and that nart.

Officer was superseded by Admiral Gore for exerciing
unnecessary severity. Here the Honourable Member
read a letter from an individual who had been pressed
into the Lion, 64 gun% in 1806, and who wa, cartiel
out to China, although his friends had found two sub.
stitutes for him, who were also taken—Wear, hrar:)
The Captain of the Lion had regular fl.ggarg day,,
particularly Sundays ; two dozen lashes was the regular
punishment ; even if a man had one dirty shirt in his
chest, he was subject to the same punishment. Nnw
if one particle of that statement was true, he insisted
that inquiry was absolutely necessary. In the frigate
Hermione, the crew killed their officers and canted her

into a Spanish port, in consequence of the cruelty p:ac.
tised upon them. Corporeal punishment he kn,r,v to
be unpractised in several ships: in the BulA ark, fo;
eighteen months, not one man was flogged ; in the
Larne, the same thing occurred ; in the :Mentor, con.
&nement superseded flogging : and he mentioned this

_
to shew wasnot so necessary as some persons con.

sidered it to be. No desertions took place from these ships,
and why not extend the system generally ? Ile believed
the Admiralty had, by the Quarterl y Reterils, done eirne.
thing to check cruelty, hut nothing sufllch2arly effective
was produced. There was now no difficalfy it: finding
Captains, for they had many advantages: got he was fully
of opinion that the men were ill-treated in the distribu-
tion of prize-money, as well as ;n the other heads he had
just stated ; two-eighths of the prize-prone: only Was left
to the whole crew. If a prize of the value of 1,000/.
were taken, the Officer, that is to say, the Captain,
would receive .570/. and 400 n.en, composing her crew,
only 2501. Was not this a grievance? Where was the
justice of such a distinction? Was not this, of ;toe:,
enough to alienate their affections firm the service:--
Here was, first, compulsion by a press-gang, not cols•
posed of the gentlest beini.,s in the WO: 1d; nest came
unlimited service; then flo;.:ging a most extranrdinal y
degree (though now modified to what it used to he)--
and to crown all, there must be superadded the i. j.is-
tree of the distribution of prize-money. Could any ho-
nest man say that such a system—a system under which
such practices prevailed, should be continued, wit:root
entering into the fullest inquiry for its necessity ?
would ask how this country would oand, in the evesr
hostilities with any of the Powers of Europe ? and ia
this consideration America could not be left out. I:
should not be forgotten that the American war, whica
was produced alone by the question °limo, esstireat,cost
this country 96 millions of money. This was not a
subject to be treated lightly, and he felt assured thst
there was no man who then heard him that would
not soon be fully aware of the importance of it.—
The present was the best time for inquiry into the
efficacy of the system of impressment—it was a petiod
of profound peace, and if it should be found to bs
it was the proper time to overturn it. That it was h.;i
was notorious, from the fact that our seamen fle.i t.)
America, to Holland, indeed everywhere, to avoiS the
danger of impressment. He repeated, that this was air
important question, and was so considered by the cot;
try. He would wish the House to look at the example
set by America: there was in that country no impress-
ment; every man was a volunteer, and his period of
service was limited. He was afraid that these details
were tiresome to the House, but they were necessary, is
order that the question should be thoroughly under-
stood—it was one of vital importance, when the conse-
quences of impressment were considered as they re-
garded America. Did the House know what the prac-
tice in France was? There men employed in the mer-
chant service, and fishermen, were exempted from all
other service, and were only liable to be called on to
man the navy in cases of emergency. There were never
more than 150,000 men required -for the navy in this
country, and he therefore could not think that there
would be any difficulty in establishing a voluntary
marine. He hoped that while the attention of the House
was directed to the protection of the slaves and the brute
creation, it should not be said that the British Parlia-
ment had refused to consider the sufferings of British
seamen—(Fleur, hear, hear.) He was sort y to have &-
tained the House so long ; but he was anxious to put it
in full possession of his feelings on the subject—(Loral
Cheers). The Hon. Gentleman concluded by moving,
" That this House, being well aware of the difficulty of mannii,
the navy in time of war, and of the evils arising from the forcibis!
impressment of seamen for that purpose; and considering that a
time of profound peace will best admit the fullest and fairest exami-
nation of that most important subject, will, early in the next Session,
take the subject into consideration, with the view to such regula-
tions as may obviate these evils, consistent with the efficiency of
the navy and the interests of the country."
Mr. ROBERTSON seconded the motion, because he
thought inquiry was a good thing; but he was by no
means satisfied that such a Committee as the Honour-
able Gentlemen recommended would effect the pur-
poses which that Honourable Member seemed to alti-
cipate from it. For his own part, he was not sure ern
there was not much less disposition to desertion in the
navy than in the merchant service. He did not believe
it possible to do without the impressment of seamen—
(Hear, hear)—but being willing to see whether any
thing, and what, could be done towards attaining the
objects which the Honourable Gentleman had in view,
Its would support the Resolution.
Sir G. COCKBURN said, that he should have some
difficulty in following the Honourable Member to:
Aberdeen ; but he would confine himself to the vet'
points—impressment, and the disciplined the pay'-
The Honourable Member himself bad given tile Is't
reason against the motion, for lie admitted that thy'"
was no hope of remedying the system, and be (Sir
Cockburn) therefore thought that the subject had lscs
not have been agitated. 1-le was convinced that he spf
the sentiments of every naval Officer in the coannv.
when he said, that if it were possible to man the navy
without impressment, it would be desirable. Every at-
tention had been given to the subject that it was capable
of receiving, and no possible substitute could be L'c•
vised fur it. Hard as it might appear, yet it was esta-
blished on le6al authority. When a man who had been
impressed was brought before Lord Mansfield, On 3
nabeas corpu, after the matter had undergone th!
dkcti>aion, that Learned Judge decided, that sh!'
ticieat had not been shewir that the man was exempt
front service by any statute, thereby plainly indicat-

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it tad svh7te slare,:, t
the West Indies. If the sl.:ve ja
rom inflicting a single lash the
fence charged, he a•ked wi;v TelSO r
ect to three dozen lashes at the idle