Star.
London, England, 1802-10-18 00:00:00

COMMERCE OF THE BLA(K SEA

FROM THE FRENCH:
The various and abundant produas of Poland
were, for a long time, exported by the Baltic only.
In the latter years of its political exittenCe, the
Poles, tired of the enormous duties laid on by the
Profllan Government, began to think that the
courfe of the Black Sea would, in every refpea,
prove more advantageous to their interefts.
The old Government of France, aware of the
fertilitt of the fouthern provinces of Poland; and
the importance of their produfls to the French
navy and conanerce, was preparing to encourage
the Poles in this new enterprife ; but this was only
a momentary projea, and not adopted until the
Cabinet of Verfailles was in its decline. .
Thefe Provinces conllitute almoft one half the
extent of Poland. They are watered by three great
rivers; the Dnieper or Bori Ithenes, which empties
itielf into the Black Sea above Cherfon; the Bog,
which enters it at Ockzakow ; and the Dnieiter,
which has its mouth at Ackerman. Thefe three
rivers traverfe a much greater extent 'of country
than the Niemen or theVittula,the onlygrand chan-
nels'of Polith commerce by the Black Sea ; and
• the countries through which they flow may juftly
he called the Land of Promife, with refpea to the
means of fupplying the chief neceffities of man.—
As a proof of the abundance of prOvitions in this
country, it is lufficient to (tate that the Ukraine
alone fublifted feveral Ruffian armies during the
. whole of the laft wars with the Turks.
It produces chip timber in great abundance, and
of very great age, as may be feen in the reports
of the Mailer mall-maker at Toulon, who was
fent purpofelyto examine the foreas of this country.
The malls brought by way of Riga and the Bal-
tic, were from ill to so months in the conveyance,
while thofe brought by way of Cherfon arrivtd in
three months at Toulon, the experiment having
been made by the old French Glvernment ; and
Mr. Awramma has evinced, by arithmetical cal-
culations, that Cherfon is far preferable to Riga,
-for the tonveyance of Polith mans.
The faked provifions of the Ukraine are equal
to thole of Ireland ; and from the low price of
both cattle and fait in Moldavia and the Crimea,
according to trials already made, they may be
delivered- at Ackerman or Cherfott, one half
cheaper than they can be .had on the fpot in Ire-
land.
Hemp for fail-cloth and cordage, horfelair,
common wool, bleached and green linen, packing-
cloth, raw and tanned hides, may here be obtained

in great quantities.
It alto abounds in falpetre, tar, tallow, hemp,
and Naked oils, honey, batter, hogs;lard, hoßs,e
rain, and aqua-vita.

The different kinds of wax are fold at fo low Si
rate in the Ukraine, that the Aufirian merchants'
carry them by land .to Gallicia, whence they are
conveyed alto by land_ carriage acrofs Moldavia
and Auaria, as far as Melte, at which port, not-
withltanding the enormous expence of conveyance,
the/ lawarciaech a confiderable profit.
The Ukraine Trodui.ca very exoellsot tobacco.
A trial was made of it in France in t 757, and it
was allowed to be nearly equal, to that of Virginia.,
The farmers of the tax upon this article were even
on the point of contraaing wish a Banker in War-
-1.3 fot 'a fupply, when a war broke out and put
an end to the (peculation.
• Pot and pearl Ales, which have long come from
Poland through the ports of Dantzi*, Koningf.
berg, and Elbing, are alto produatons of the
• Ukraine ; and it is defy to calculate the difference
dipriee which Mutt Wok from their conveyance
b,' the Black Sea Ind Baltic.
There countries, fo sigh in articles of the firit
neceffity, are almdll entirely deflitute of manufac-
tures. The trade of France would, therefore, ob-
tain by the Black Sea a market equally advanta-
geous to the two countries, for its woollens, filks,
trinkets, wines, fine oils, liqueurs, fugar,, coffee,
fpiceries; drugs, dye-Ruffs, &c. The experiments
aanally made, before the Revolution, evinced of
what importance ihis rrade mightbecome toFrance,
and particularly to the departments bordering on
the Mediterranean.

The French thipping might, be4des, carry to
this track all the various commoditities of the Le.
vant. This trade is carried on at prefent by Jews.
and Armenians only, by way ofMoldivia ; a chan-
. 'nel which is tedious, expetifive, and, with refpea
to thefe unfortunate people, fubjea to a thoufand
extortions. _ _ _

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Dudes, which it is frequently very 'difficult to fur=
mount. . .
France, befides, from 43 coanexions, its credit,
the proximity of its ports in the Mediterranean,
and its power upon that fea, is the nation ben cal-
culated for conducting this commerce.