Star.
London, England, 1805-01-08 00:00:00

STATE IAPER.-72ECLARATION Or WAR.

MADRID, DEC. 1,1...—The moll Excellent Signior
Don Pcnao CEVALLOS, Firft Secrcta: v of State and
of Difpatches, has communicated the Royal orders
to all the Councils, of the dare or the day before yef-
tcrday, of which the literal tenor is a', f UlieW S :
" The Peace which Europe beheld with fo much
delight, resetablifhed at Amiens, has, unfortunately
for the welfare of nations, proved but of thort dura-
tion. The rejoiciogs with which this happy event
was celebrated upon all were fcarcely conclud-
ed, when the public b:gan to be troubled,
and the advantages of the Peace to difappear. The
Cabinets of London and Paris held Europe fufpend-
ed, and agitated between its terrors and its hopes,
feeing (he event of the negotiations every day become
more uncertain, until the moment that difcord ar-
rived at fuch an irei:;h!., as to kindle between them
the fire of war, which mud naturally extend itfclf to
ether powers ; fence it was very difficult for Spain
Holland, who had treated jointly with France at
Ami'ns, and whole interells and political relations are
ih reciprocally contretted, to avid finally taking part
t,c 4rievances and offences offered to their Ally.

In thefe circumdances, his Majdly, fapported
by the mod folid principles of a wife policy, prefer•
red pecuniary fublidiei to the enntiagent of troops
and Chips with which he was bound to ala France,
vir:ue of the Treaty of Alliance in 1795 : and as
wen by means of his Minider is London, as of the
En,.lith Agents at Madrid, he g Ire the Brit:fh Go
vernment to under dant in the mall politive manner,
bs decided and firm refolution to remain neutral
dt:ring the war ; inlkin..; no doubt that he flionld
o .ickly have the fatisfrainn of teeing that thefe loge-
:In-vas affuranczs were well received by the Court of

London.
46 Neverthelefs, that Cabinet, which moil have re-
lived in filence before-hand, far its own particular
upon the renovation of the war with Spain,

and which it was always able to declare, not with the
forms and prefcrihed by the Law of Na-
tions, but by means of poiitive aggrcflions, which
Ihould turn to its own profit, fought the mat ftivo-
lotts pretext to iuing into doubt t!le cothlat of Spain,

which wai truly neutral, and to s,;ivc dzmonaratinus,

at the fame time, to the detires of his Britannic Ma-

jelly, to preferve the peace, all with the intention of

gaining time, cajoling the Spaiar Government, and
holding in uncertainty the opinion er the Englifh na-
tion upon it; own premeditated and unjuft deigns,
which cud m 11.1 manner be approved by it. Thus
it is, tha:. in London it appeared artfully to accept
various reclamations from Spann individuals, which
were addreffed to ir; while its agents in Madrid mag-
nified the pacific intentions of their own Sovereign :
But they never (hewed themfelves fatisfied with the
frankncfs and ft iendlhip, with which 411 their macs
were anfwered, rather anxious for proclaiming and
magnifying arm iinents, which had no exitience, and
rrctending, contrary to the moll potitive proteas on
the pate of Srain, the pecuniary fuccours given
to France were not merely an equivalent for the
troops and fliips,whi:h were Qipulated in the Treaty
of 170, but an indefinite and imrntatfe floclt, which
did not permit them to confider Spain in any other
light than as a principal party in the war.

Moreover, as there was not time entirely to ba-
null) the illufion under which they laboured, they ex-
alted, as the precife conditions upon which they
would confider Spain as neutral, the ceffation of
every armament in her ports, and a prohibition of
the file of prizes brought into them. And, notwith-
(landing that both of there conditions, although
urged in a tone faperlatively haughty and unufual
in political tranCretion., were immediately complied
with, and reiigioufly obferved, they perfilled, ne-
verthelefa, to manifell their want of confidence, and,
they quitted Madrid with eagernels, immediately
after receiving difpatches from their Court, of which
they did not communicate a particle of the contents.
a The contrail which refults from all this between
the condo t of the Cabinets of London and Madrid,
mull be fufficient to (hew clearly to all Europe, the
bad faith, and the fecret and perverfe aims of the
Englifh miniftry—even if they had not manifeaed
them by the abominable crime of the fur?rife, bat
tle, and capture of the four Spanifh frigates, which,
navigating in the full fecurity, which peace infpires,
were fraudulently attacked in confliquence of orders
from the Englifh Government, figned in the very
moment, in which it was faithlefsfy 'exalting condi-
tions for the prolongation of the peace, in which
every poMle fecurity was given to it, and in which
its own veffels were provided with provifions and re-
frefhments in the ports of Spain.
" Thole very veffels, which were enjoying the moil
pedal hofpitailty, and were experiencing the fide-
lity, with which Spain was proving to England the
good faith of her engagements, and how firm her re-
foliations were to maintain her neutrality—thofe very
(hips carried, concealed in the bofom of their com-
manders, the unjua orders of the Englifh Cabinet
for affaulting Spanifh property on the feas—iniqui-
tous orders, and profufely circulated, (ince all its
veffels of war on the leas of America and Europe,
were already detaining and carryirg into its harbours
as many Spanifh veffels as they met with, without
refpelling even the cargoes of grain, which were
coming from all parts to fuccour a faithful nation, in
a year of the greatea calamity.
a Barbarous orders, fince they deferve no other
name, to fink every Spann (rip under an hundred
tons—to burn thofe which they found on Gore on the
coall—and to make prize of, and carry into Malta
thole only, which exceeded an hundred tons. The
Mailer of a vciT:l, of Valentia, of 54 ton, has made
' this declaration, that he efLeied his &ape in his
launch upon the tfith of Nova ather, onthe cordioiCa-
talonia, when his veal was funk by an Englifh Vella
whole Captain took from him his papers and his fiag:
' and informed him that he had receind theft eaprefs
inarultions from his Court.
In fpite of fueh atrocious allions, which proved
to puled evidence the covetous and holtile views,
which the En ;kith Cabinet had meditated, it was
(till able to carry on further its perfidiaus fyftem of
blinding the public opinion, allceiging, for this put-
pole, that the Spanifir frigates had not been carried
into the Englifh ports in quality of prizes, brit as
being detained until Spain fhould give the &fired fe-
curities, that (he would obterve the Iltiaeft neu-
trality.

" And what greater fecurities could or ought
Spain to give ? What civilized nation, until this hour,
has made tire of means fo unjuß and violent, to exalt
fecnrities of anothcr Although England fhould find
at latl, any claim to waft front Spain, in what man-
ner could the jut% it, after a Gmilar atrocity ? What
fatisfaetion could the be able io give for the lainen-
table deftruetion of the frigate Met cedes, with all its
cargo, its equipage, and the great number of diflin-
gnilhed pairengers who have pet iflied, the innocent
viaims of a policy Co &tellable ?
" Spain would not clmply with what the owes to
hcrfelf, nor think herfclf able to uj tintain her well-
known honour and dignity among(t the greaten.
Powers of Europe, were (he any longer to thew her-
Pelf infenfible to fuch manifea outrages, and did not
take care to revenge them with that nobleman and
energy, which belong to her charaSer.
ss Animated with theft fcitimentz, the missal-

mous breaft of the King, after having erhaufted (in
order to preferve the_ peace) all the refonrces cntn-
patible with the dignity of his Crown, Ends himfelf
in the hard prediearrt.nt of making war upon the
King of Engiaml, ti;•rin his fuLjeflsand peop:z,
omitting the formalities of flileby a folemn declzrat ion
and publication, 07...-irg to the Engin C thinct's hav-
ing begnn and cent:nu:l to make tl, war without
declaring it.
" In confecanence, after having sf.vcn orders for
an embargo, by way of reprifai, upon all Englilh
property in his dominions, and that the rnoft conve-
nient inftruelions, both fur his own defence, and the
offence of the enemy,fhould he circulated to his Vic&
roys, Captains General, and great Or.:cers of the Ma-
rine, his Majefty has commanded his Miniller in Lon-
don to retire, with ail the Spanith Legation ; and his
Majefty does no'. douhr that all his fithjeets, inflamed
with that juft indignation, with which the vi 'lent pro-
ceedings of England met infpire them, will not
omit any of all theft means, to which their valour
(hall prompt them, of co-operating with Lis lvlajefty
towards the molt complete vengeance For the tank
offered to the Spanith flag. For this purpoie he in-
vites them to arm cot fairs againft Gt eat Bt itain, and
to poffefs themfelves with relo!ntion of her flops and
property by every poffible means ; his Majefty pro-
miring them the greateft pomp:knee and celefity in
the adjudication of prizes, upon the foie proof of
their being Engliat property ; and his Majefty ex-
prefsly renouncing, in fivco of the captors, what-
ever part of the value of the prizes he had, upon
other occafiom, referved to hinifelf, fo that they (hall
enjoy them, in their full value, without the fmalleft
difcount.

" And finally his Majefty hac rfolvecl, that what

is contained in the premifet et,.11 be inferted in the
public papers, that it may came to the knowledge
of all ; and alfo, that it ciAli be tranfmitted to the
Ambaff.tdors and Miniflers of tht King, in Foreign
Courts, in order that all the Powers fliall be in-
formed of thefe alts, and take :ntereil in a caufe fo
juft ; hoping that DIVINE PROVI7:ENCE will blefs
the Spanith arms, fo that they may obtain a jnft
and convenient fatisfanion for the injuries they have
received."

Advises have been received front Spain by fome of
the firit Spanith Houfes in the City, regnelling them
not to fend goods from England inAmerican bottoms,
as a war between America and Spain was greatly to
be apprehended, fome frelh obitacles having arifen
between the two countries, in the adjuftment of the
differences refpeeting New Orleans.
The late(' letters irons C•uliz are dated the t ith
ult. at which period, as a proof th;.t the merchants
in that city had (till hopes of an accommodation
with this country, feveral bills of loading of dollars
and other property o. board the three frigates taken
off Cape St. Mary's were font to the merchants here
to claim on behalf of their friends in Spain. MIA
property, neverthelefs, was fequeflered in Cadiz,
and all :he other towns in Spain, and Britilh fubjeas
were daily made priforrers and their papers fealed,
by order of the Spanith Government. The frith
Merchants in' Cadiz, Malaga, &c. were exempt
from this proceeding. Two Gentlemen fors Bir-
minghati were feized in Cadiz on the 7th ult. and fent
to prifon.
The apprehenfinta of war had arta: an additional
terror into the Spaniards, from the appearance of
famine. Our unfortunate enemies make (Irons ap-
peals to the humanity of the Britith Government,that
in the event of the calamity of war, (Lips laden with
grain arid flour may not be prevented from entering
into the different Spann ports. Wheat continued
to advance rapidly in print, and flour, which a few
months before was fold at nine hard dollars per LAl-
rel, had rifer on the t ttit ult. to 20.

• A letter from Barcelona, of a late date, contains
the following ambiguous imcillgence :—" We are
vifitc4 wiih war, famine, and pylence, hut we 'cave
reafon to dread a Rill greater caiarnity." Vv'har the
writer can allude to, we are at a lofs .to conje6lute,
except it be intefline war, e,r the abfolute fubjtig:t.
tion of the country by France.
The Engin cruizers were mal:ing fad havock
among the Spanifh trading veffels on every part of
the coati from Cadiz to Seville, reare:ly a fhip efcap
ing their vigilance. The inftiranee on Spanifh vef
fels of this dcfcription was enormoufly high, coiling
the merchants at leaft 3o per cent.
All the Newfoundland fhips dellined for Oporto and
Lifbon are arrived fafe.

• When the letters of the S:h of December came
away from Malaga, they were in hourly expeaation
of orders arriving for the opening of that port. The
place had been for fume time previous declared in a
good (late of health, as appears from the following
•
official report :
" Blow Li/ALL Taux: eta y !viot:NA, Colonel in the Royal
Armies, the King's Lieutenant, Military Governor, and Prefi-
daat of the Royal Board of Health of this city, and the port therm
of, &e. • •
" I by there prefents make known, that this Board of Health,
at which I prillde, having afcertained that this city is reftored to
the good Rate of health It before enjoyed, without there having
been for fame days bit pat any perfuns affected by the epidemic
malady, as k has been allured under their fignature by all of the
'faculty of phyacians and furgeons ; in virtue thereof, and in punc-
tual compliance with the orders which it has received front the Su-
preme Board of the Kingdom, communicated by medium of its
worthy Prefident, his Excellency the Count of Mortarco,Gover-
oot of the Royal Council of Caltilir, Oath, on the day of ytitor•

day, dcferrnired :n rcntmt:rierte this plesfabt ttr.d
to the lumunrable inhabitants of this city,
infuziair,; them, alt i., the aitemoon of to-morrow the gem:Al
procalen wit! taLe place, in which will t•: carried thy for, ccio
imazee of our l'i.tronifi, the molt Holy Mary di. 14 Vidor:a, st.d
the molt Holy C..ri!t of lit..ith, to the Holy Cathedral Church,
is which,ou the followii:g day, will he lung the Ti Drum, to give
to and his inoft Holy Mother, :he thanta due for the Gnu:3r
!.enef,t which we have received trona his divine hand; but this
cattle any alteration i.e preventing COIIIIIIU111,71tIN;, as
hath been commanded by feta :Ind land. until it be othcrwife or-
dered. Pen: in Malaga, the agtb of N. vsniber, 1804.

Ta7:-ILLO.

" B,v covir,:.:l4 of his Loriailp,
" DON AN t..N /0 DLL CA STI! LO Fe AIWA."

Accounts from Ctrthagena, of the gth of Decem-
ber, Rate, that the fever coptinucd to rage there.
and that twelve thoufiend inhabitants had :.dually
been carried cff by it out of thirty-three thouland, the
amount of the v.licle population at the commence-
ment of the d:forder. At Alicant, a few days pre-
vious to the 9th uit. the deaths were decrcafed
about two and three a day. The number of 61: rick
in the Lazarett o did not exceed twenty fie, acid th.cy.
were chiefly confined by the auge.

By the Lifbon mails which arrived yefterday, we
received the fubjoined letters from Gibraltar. We
are lorry to find from them that the contagion is not
yct fubdued. The mortality is only leffencd owing
to the greater part of thofe who are there having

gone through the difeafe. Almoft all new comers
are (wept off. There arc other letters in town of the
Bth ult. at which tinv_. the malady continued un-

abated.

Fri Les were daily fending in to Gibraltar, that had
been captured by our fquasiron off Cadiz, feveral of
which were very valuable. One of the prizes had oft
board one hundred thoufAqd dollars. Another veil
fel, f.om South America, unfortunat:)y not anfwer-
ing the fignal from a Britith man of war, was run
down, and, we fear, every perfon on•board perifhed.