Star.
London, England, 1831-06-25 00:00:00

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

01. A Correspondent observes on our statement yesterday
" that u we represent all being borrowers, we assert that
there are no lenders; but this is not said. Of course there
are capitalist lenders, and these have been generated in 130
years by the funded system and the paper circulation.—
Both have fostered and created, step by step, a new money-
interest, whose reservoir is the public funds and securities,
and who live by the use of money, I, e. on the labour of
others, and on all the objects to which capital is applied, so
as to produce interest or dividends. Debt—Debt—Debt is
the result, turn whichever way we may, and labour pays
the in'erest of all and to all. It Is abstraction from millions
to pamper a few ; and if three or four millions of produc-
tive labourers receive £2O or se3o a-year less. (relatively or
absolutely), we have the proof. Labour then not being able
to live ander a system of compound artifice which depends
on labour, our Statesmen are proposirg to transport the la
bourers, instead of revising the system.

Despatches were received this morning at the
Foreign Office, from Paris, Brussels, and Warsaw.

Podo!ia, in the extreme South of Poland, and
the Ukraine, in the extreme South East, as well
as Samogith, in the extreme North, appear to be
in successful insurrection, not in mobs, but in
trnined population, conducted by Nobles, who in
Poland are Patriots, and do not set up interests in
opposition to the welfare of the inhabitants. In
the mean time, General CHLAPOWSK t has taken
Slonim, a large town in the centre of Lithuania ;
and the Russian KRECTZ is retreating across the
Bug, at Bresc, in the hope of saving his map-
zines, and securing communications. The army of
the late DI EBITSCII keeps close to the Prussian
Frontiers ; but seems to be reduced to 36,000
men, while it has detached its elite after GIEL-
Gr n, in the hope of maintaining the communica-
I tions with Russia. The inaction of SKRYZNECRI
at Praga creates surprize ; but we may soon ex-
Ipect to hear of some enterprize which will be a
coup dc grace to Russian Power in Poland.

In the House of Lords last night, Lord PLuw-
x Err displayed his sensitive virtue by an elaborate
justification. The Archbishop of CANTERBURY
brought in a Bill to facilitate Tythe compositions ;
and Lord D acne gave notice of another for gra-
dual commutation. But Lord GREY thought the
subject could not be entertained in this session, an
opinion in which the country will not agree with
the minister. It is a pressing grievance to tens of
thousands, and affects both Clergy and Laity.
Lord ABERDEEN, one of the British Diploma.
tists at the ever-famous Congress of Vienna, ar-
raigned the Foreign Policy of Government. Tak-
ing the principles of the Congress as his standard,
ho thought DIIC.UEL ought to be acknowledged,
and that measures should be adopted against the
brave Portugueze Patriots, who have established
themselves at Terciera.

Lord GREY replied at length. He ascribed the
present confusion of Europe to the erroneous prin-
ciples adopted at the Congress of Vienna. The
unfortunate diplomacy of that period had sown the
seeds of those agitations which had produced such
fertile mischiefs. He enlarged on the tyranny of
MIGUEL.

The DUKE of WELLINGTON thought that the
measures of Congress had secured the long peace,
and that we ought at once to restore our diplomatic
relations with Mto 1.• EL, especially as Dori PEDRO
was not now in a condition to assist hie daughter.
Not a wotd was said about Poland !

In the House of Commons the 150• popular can-
didates still preserve an impenetrable silence. Mr.

PORTMA x's General Road Bill, so desirable to the
country, was read a first time; and Mr. Ev*ws's
bill to prevent the misappropriation of corporate
property to election purposes, also advanced- a
stage. The University of Oxford Afforded a
now proof of its fitness to conduct public
education, by a petition against the Reform
bill. Mr. ESTCOU RT, who presented it, enlarged
on the high learning of the petitioners ; but if
such a petition is the result, is there not some
mistake in the nature•of the learning?
Mr. BURGE moved for papers tending to illus-
trate the very, important interests of the West
Indian colonies.

Lord JOHN RUSSELL, with his usual clearness
and perspicuity, again introduced the REFORM
BILL, and was ingenious in his replies to the ob-
jectors, and severe in his sarcasms on their conduct.
It would be a waste of room to attempt any ana-
lysis; but, we may observe, that every feature is
preserved, with two improvements—one, the addi-
tion of value after the word rent, so that the right
will depend on houses of the value of 101.
a-year, and not merely on the rent or rate,
is it was at first proposed ; and in Counties
seven years leaseholders are to vote on property
above f. 50 ; a doubtful advantage, because it will
add unduly to the power and controul of landlords.
We thought the twenty-one years, and previous
two years, an admirable check on crafty manage-
ment. It may tend, however, to the multiplica-
'ion of farms, and in that way confer a benefit not
contemplated.
Sir ROBERT PELL stated that ho and his
friends should reserve their opposition and amend-
ments till future stages ; but he expected the Irish
and Scottish bills should be brought in before the
second reading, and that more time for considera-
tion should be given than Thursday next.

After some observations of Lord ALTIIORP and
Mr. STANLEY, it was finally settled that the
Second Reading should not take place till Monday
week ; and that, in the interim, the Scotch and
Irish Bills should be laid on the table without die-
,
cussion.

Mr. lit; xi' gave notice of a motion on July 15,
for the repeal of all Corn Laws ; and Lord MILTON
moved for various returns on which to found his
measures. Mr. PORTMAN advised cool conside-
ration on a question so important. Mr. Humr
urged his plan of a fixed duty, in which Col.
TORRENS, Mr. MORRISON, and others agreed.
Mr. BEN ETT thought all the mischief had
arisen from tampering with the currency, the
restoration of which ought to be the first
object. Mr. Woon thought, that if agriculture
sought protection from Taxes, the Taxes them-
selves' ought to be done away. Mr. IRVING
said that we ought not to admit corn free of duty,
unless the foreign growers took our manufactures
in exchange, which they now refused. Mr. FER-
GUSON, Col. SIBTHORP, and Mr. RUTH YEN, in-
sisted that if corn were admitted duty free, it
would ruin our own agriculture. Mr. Hosts
proposes a fixed duty of ss. and we under-
stand Lord MturoN recommends 10s. The
average system, the vaunted arrangement of
'which turned the head of Lord LIVERPOOL, was
condemned by both sides of the house, and will no
doubt be abolished. The final settlement will be a
fixed duty between ss. and 10s. per quarter.
Nothing further transpired about the three hor-
rible massacres noticed yesterday.
Aware of the improbability that the Bill for
promoting the emigration of those whose claims
to existence stand in the way of the land MO-
=politics awl farm consolidators, an interme-
diate measure has been resorted to, and Com-
missioners have been appointed to collect and
communicate information, to persons desirous
of leaving their native country, in quest of em-
ployment in foreign colonies. Now we confess
that we feel the greatest astonishment at the
adoption of such a measure, and we may defy its
advisers to produce from all history any example
of such policy, while an opposite course is
founded on the plainest truisms. if by assessments
to the Poor Rates, or even a scale of Land Tax,
the number of farms were advantageously
doubled, there would not only be instant employ-
ment, but independence, comfort, and affluence
to the whole agricultural population ; and at the
same time ten times the luxuries of housewifry,
would be carried to market. The engrossment
and the destruction of farm houses, was the
PITT system, by which higher rents were then got
by intoxicated proprietors, from land speculators,
sustained by paper credit. It was a wicked and
antisocial system, and ought to be put an end to
even by this parliament ; and that it will be the
first act of a reformed parliament there can be no
question whatever.

The Duke of Brunswick had a long audience of
the King.
A little before 2 o'clock their Royal Highnesses
the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester came, with their suite,
in state, in three carriages, attended by Colonel Higgins, Sir
Howard Douglas, and Lady J. Thynne, escorted by a party
of the Royal Horse Guards. Soon after, the Duchess of
Kent, accompanied by his Selene Highness the Prince of
Leiningen, attended by Lady Charlotte St. Maur, and Sir
Join Conroy, came in state in two (naives, escorted by a
party of the Royal Horse Guards.
At the Drawing-room yesterday, her Majesty
had a most splendid white satin dress, richly brocaded In
silver • the body and slecres ornamented with diamonds ;
train Of the same material, elegantly embroidered in silver,
and lined with white satin. Head.dresa, feathers, and a
magnificent diamond diadem; necklace and ear.eings en
suite.

According to letters from Paris it was very con-
fidently reported on 'Change in that city, on Wed-
nesday evening, that serious disturbances had bro-
ken out at Lisbon, that Don Miguel had led, and
Donna Maria had been proclaimed Queen.

ROYAL EXCHANGE, CNr O'CLOCK.

Consols which left off yesterday at 821; 1 for the
Account, opened at 821 a, and continues at the
latter price, with little doing.
TWO O'CLOCK.
• 'Consols have remained steady during the morn-
ing at 82} for the account, with little or nothing
doing. No express has arrived from Paris.
The Foreign market is in the same state of stag-
nation as that of the British market.

THREE O'CLOCK.
STOCK ExctiaNcE.—Bank Stock, 199 81. Three par
Cent. lied. ;;1} ;I. Three rer Ct. Cons. shut. Three and
a Half per Cent. ism shut. Three and a Half per Ct.
Bed. 89 aj. Three and a Half per Cent. Ni w, shut.
Four per Cent. 113:!4, 98j a. Long Annuities, Jan. 1:;6t),
16 13-16 I. Annuities, Oct. —. India Stock, —;
ditto Bonds, 1 prem. £lOOO E.xchequer Bills, 11 10 11 ;
£5OO ditto, 11 10 11 ; £lOO and £209 ditto. 10 PI;
Advertised, —. India for Acct, 204. Consols for Acct,
82444.

The report of yesterday, that Prince Coburg had
refesed the crown of Belgium, is not correct. The
ell. informed are of a decided opinion, that it will
not be long before he will be on the throne of that
country.
We understand that Don Pedro, who is going to
reside in this country, has about seven thousand a-
year, which he has brought with him : he has left
behind him a large property in the funds at Rio,
with two thousand slaves. It is also stated, that
he has mitten a letter to his Majesty, thanking
him for the kind attention that his daughter ex-
perienced, and that he is still determined to sacri-1
fice every thing to put his daughter on the throne
of Portugal.
A letter from Rome states, that the conduct of
the English Plenipotentiary there appears to be
more frank and noble than those of the other diplo-
matists ; he speaks with energy and firmness.—
The Pope and the Cardinal appear to fear him, and
pay him more respect than even the Ambassador of
France.
Quebec papers to the 24th May, have been re-
ceived at the North and South American Coffee-
house, but they are void of interest.

It is said, and the assertion gains ground in
well-informed circles, both in this and the French
capital, that the French Government, in conjunc-
tion with the British, had renewed their mediation
with Russia, in favour of Poland.—A union,
it is farther said, of the British and French
squadrons would shortly take place, for the purpose
of proceeding to the North, to second the raediato-
rial efforts of ;he two Powers just mentioned. L►
reference to a paragraph in the Sun last night,
founded on the above report, it is quite impossible
for ships of war, of the first, or even the second
rate, to puts the Sound, and enter the Baltic, on
account of their great draught of water. We well
remember that it was only the smaller ships of tEe
line of battle that could be brought into action
by J.ord Nelson at Copenhagen, on the 2d of
April, 1801.

The Queen held her last drawing-room for the
lesson yesterday, at the King's Palace, St. James's.
Their Majesties entered the state-rooms about
two o'clock, attended by their officers of state. Earl
Howe attended the Queen, as Lord Chamberlain. Mr.
Shoemack, and the rest of the Queen's Pages. were in
attendance on her Majesty, and Mr. liaise, the State Page,
attended the King. _ _ _

Their Majesties were accompanied by the Duke
and Duchess of Cumberland, the Duchess of Kent,
the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, the Duchess of
Cambridge, the Duke of Sasses, the Duchess of Saxe
Weimar, and her son, Prince William, the Prince of Lei.
ningen, the Princess Augusta, the Landgravine of Hose
Romberg, Prince George of Cumberland, Prince George of
Cambridge, the Princess Augusta of Cambridge, and the
Duke of Brunswick.

The guard of honour was taken from the re-
giment of Royal Horse Guards, and was attended by
their band in state uniform ; the band of the King's Guard
also mounted their state dresses. The Yeoman Guard oc-
occupied the guard-room, and the hoc. corps of Gentlemen
Pensioners lined the Presence-chamber.
St. John's Day being a collar day, the knights
of the various orders wore their respective collars.

Last night the Brahmin philosopher, Rajah
Ron AM at L'N Roy, visited Covent-garden Theatre.
The performances were, the Carnival of Naples
and Napoleon Buonaparte. This enlightened vi-
sitor from the East seemed to take great interest
in both pieces, particularly the last ; and expressed
himself highly gratified at this, which was said to
be, his first visit to a European theatre.
It really appears, by the admissions of Lords
Goderich and Melbourne, and the late speech of
the Chancellor, that our Ministers have yet thought
as little as the Wellingtonians of the long desired
and promised relief to the labouring classes. Is
all the machinery of the Pitt system, the large
farms, the high rents, the Sturges Bourne law,
&c. &c. to be continued ? Is it not evident, that
to double the number of farm-houses would be to
double the independent provision of the people ?
Lord Melbourne speaks fairly, but the people want
something more than special commissions and pro-
secutions. They expect, too, the essence of public
justice, in fair inquiry and redress, before law and
execution. We agree with Lord Suffield, that
though reform is good as a prospective remedy,
yet it is far from being all that the public have
expected, and is no valid excuse for procrastinating
many pressing subjects
We noticed at the time, in our Panorama, the
lamented decease of Dr. JONATHAN STOKES, of
Chesterfield, known through Europe as a scientific
botanist, and author of the " Botanical Materia
Medics," and " Botanical Commentaries." This
event took place on the 30th of April last, to the
regret of an extensive literary connection, and the
irreparable loss of his family and local friends, to
whom he was endeared by the most amiable social
qualities. He left, in preparation for the press,
some extensive botanical MSS. and a botanical
library of rare and valuable books, exceeded by
few in that branch of science. Being an octo-
genarian, he had for half a century been the
correspondent- of the principal scientific journals ;
and he was the intimate friend of Darwin, Wi-
thering, Woodville, Percival, and the late President
Smith.

At a General Meeting of the Committee of the
Royal Naval Schocil, held yesterday, at the Geo-
graphical Society's Rooms, Regent-street, and
which was attended by some of the oldest and
titled gallant officers of that service, we were
pleased to bear was assembled by the Hon. Sir
H. Blackwood, in consequence of the 12th part of
£lOO,OOO. having been granted to the Committee,
by Dr. Bell, (the Author of the Madras System
of education) for the purpose of the School, pro-
vided the young gentlemen be educated on the
p rineiples of his System.

TUE NrWTOWNDARRY MASSACRE.
We have collected the most ample reports of this .ra,-
sacre. Vie mind Is stunned by .the account, aial cat.
seemly larla.ve so 110TTikde a slaughter any attar thai, a
hideous dream. Men look at each other and risk. %la.
is this slaughter of the unarmed people to end in ?
is Goverment doing ? Have the monsters been in e
armed yet? Is all its energy reserved for violation, of pr.,
pert), ; and is life—the first and most sacred care for v.l.ha
it was constituted, totaliy unprotected ? The Govcrnn err
were warned in and out of Parlian:ent, by the Press and h,
individuals, that murders, dissensions and outrage would
be the consaquelice of embodying the yeomanry. 7 hey
were told that dime pers. ns longed for the day arm,
would be placed in their hinds that they might glut their
savage passions with blood—but we confess, though SS'
remonstrated and warned, the perfect (alines, of their
atrocity was not present t our minds. We though.
some decent pica. xt would have bet a created, that a single
mule- from tine to time would have been indulg.
in, but for this dreadful sLught'r our worst bars hat!
not prepared us. We never conceived, and probably it cr.
quite.] to entertain the conc• ptioti one of the steel& h soul
that inhabits their breast,, teat without cause, without ex.
case, 150 men could fire volley after volley into the told.
a a crowd, could, with unheard-of cowardice and bar.
barity murder women in pregnancy. How deep at,
burning must have been their thirst for blood !
example of the police who were committed tae rt!.
day could not deter them. Their insane and da,tempert !
ferocity seems by the account of that massacre t
have been roused to an absolute phrenzy of sanguinary ea.
sine. Oh! why should it not? Wheat was ever a polka.
man or Orangeman punished for murder? How could they
forget the days of M'Clelland Did thay not see a niass
murder and escape. and murder again? These example.,
could not be lon on them. They well knew there would
be men to whisper in the ear of power and attempt to tatr.•
per with justice that even this inhuman and unnatura'
slaughter 'Main mat with imminity.—Freeman's Journal
(FRO)t A SECOND EDITION OF INC WEXFORD INDEPENDENT.;
NrwTOWNEARRY, Monday Morning, Eight o'clock.—l
arrived here at six o'clock yesterday morning. I nevci
witnessed sue la a scene as presented itself, on my visitin
the bun ego( the wounded and dead. The number wounded
is about :,o, and killed about fifteen. As I passed the
pound, where the bloc dy scene took place, the dykes weer
actually filled with blood. This is not exaggerated. I.—
N— is at the head of the Enniscorthy yeomanry ;his threats
at the election were fully brought into execution, for Iv
".'pu pled the road with the people's blood." Capt. King ac:ed
in the most humane manner—he not only !fired his own ph-
tot in the air, but most positively ordered his men not te
fire. The yeomanry Irons Myshall, Newtownbarry, Sca.
eawal,h, and Einiscorthy, attended. James Ullon, a
Newtownbarry policeman, states, in the most positive
manner, that there was not any inclination on the part of
the people to rescue the cattle, and that he actually s.,eal
the lives of Richard Cosgrave, Terence O'Brien, Wm. Ni-
cholson, and others whose names he cannot recollect. Maio-
Leine declared on Saturaity, that the Rev. Mr. Mllinterk
was subject to a civil action if he sold the cattle on Sa.
turday, being one day beyond the regular notice requir,d by
law. There were three women mortally wound, oneof whom
only survived till eight in tae evening, her name was
tlary Mulroney, a pregnant woman, and mother V sr.
small eltileirenbile lived at Alountfin. Observe, the tithe
for w'heli the cattle were to be sold are not due till Ntheen
bet ; but when the composition took place the Rev. .31r.
M.Clinteck pleaded poverty, and requested the people to give
him half a,yeat's tithe in advance. and ihat he would allow
it to them, but which promise he never fulfilled. Whet.
Captain King would not allow his men to tire, Graham at•
cused him of not doing his duty.
Tzar o'Ct.ocx —Before this, when Graham was about to
call in the yeomanry, he was beard to say he would base
blood before he returned. No resists, ce whatever was
offered—no inclination on the part of the people to oppo'e
the sole; but, on the contrary, the parties immeeiately un.
connected with the seizure were most anxious the sale
should go on. The yeomanry moved in the direction of the
town, some few yards from the pound, when an order oval
given by Captain Graham to fire upon the unoffending
people, when instantly a murderous and destructive fire
soak place ; and this Graham was heard to say to the yeo-
men ma, and the firing lasted several minutes, when,
horrible to relate, fourteen persona were killed, and nearly
thirty dangerously wounded, the meat of whom are not ex-
pected to survive. The yeomanry were not content to fire
in line on the body of the people, but took sides of the
road, right and left, and deliberately shot every man that
apps gyred ftt the field.
Tema o'Caocx.—At twelve o'clock the Magistrates, se-
companied by It. Greene, Esq. from the Castle, entered
into a private investigation at Ralph's hotel. Up to this
moment all the evidence is in favour of the people.
THE INQUEST.
At eleven o'clock Captain Huron, coroner, arrived at the
Court House, when the jury, consisting of six Protestants
and six Catholics, were sworn :

James Itogan;father to Wiliam Rogan, the yeoman wibc
was shot, sworn—said that he lived at Kilbride, palish of
Barragh ; saw his son shot on Saturday last.
The Coroner then directed the Jury to inspect the body
of William Rogan ; the deceased received • hall over the
right eye, which passed through the left tetaple—abort
fourteen years old.
The body of Thomas Waters was also examined by th,
jury.—Doctor Hyde attended to explain the nature of the
wounds. The boy was shot through the right breast.
the ball coming out under the left shoulders.
The inquest was then adjourned to four o'clock. The
Coroner would not proceed, till all the bodies were broug!•
for the inspection of the jury—seven are at this trionie,:t
lying at the Court-house.
KlLLED—Andrew APDonald, Jas.Neil, Stephen Whitty.
Michael Doyle, Thomas Butler, Miles Dillon, Jas. Dayl:.
P. Redmond, Patrick Leary, Mary MuttonyWin. Rogan,
J. Waters, a cild. Leary.
Wonsan.—Paul Kean, Patrick Lakes. Captain, .1.
Browne, Hugh Cleary, Adam Murphy, Michael Conner.
Mary Ryan, John Byrne, John Doyle, Lawratee Fitz-
patrick; Patrick Jourdon, John Doyle, Michael Shanahan,
John Boyle, James Gorman, Denis Carroll, James Murphy,
Patrick Kavanagh, Bridget Foley, John Myler, John Byrnv,
Patrick Soy, and Thomas Nicholson.
Many of the above are cot expected to survive this day.
all being very dangerously wounded.
STATE OF CRIME FOR THE PAST WECK.'"-'
From the official returns made to the Secretary of
State's office, from the various police offices of the
Metropolitan Police," it appears that for the fast
week there were (independent of the returns made
by the City) 405 persons, charged with different
offences, brought before tho magistrates ; of whom
64 were committed for trial, 61 sent to the House
of Correction, 133 remanded for further examina-
tion, and 147 were discharged.— informat ions were
also received (within the same period) of there
having been 35 burglaries and other robberies com-
mitted in different parts of the metropolis, and the
adjoining counties, of which the stealing of far
mere' horses bears a considerable part.
DEATH BY DRUNKENNESS PREVENTED.—A
wealthy Devonshire farmer, after making some ex-
cellent bargains in the Wiveliscombe market, over-
gorged his stomach with the strong beer of th.•
place, and plenty of brandy grog after it, so that
he fell from his horse, about two miles from that
place, in a fit of apoplexy. He was discovered by
the road side, in a complete state of stupor, with
stertorous brething, and considerable throbbing of
the carotid arteries, by a " good Samaritan,' Mr.
Richard Young, of Wilverton ; who, seeing the
deplorable condition of the sufferer, without any
hesitation, cut open the temporal artery with his
pen-knife, and by that time, other passengers on
the road joined him, when he immediately rode oil
to Dr. Sulley, who, by means of Read's stomach
pump, dislodged, as the doctor say's," such a load
of abominable fluid, as he could have hardly sup-
' posed the human stomach would have held."
When he became sensible, was conveyed to bed.
where he fell into a profound sleep, and was re'
stored to his family the next morning.—The
Taunton Courier, June 22.

Lownod : Piloted sad Yubliabed by Jots MIAs E. at lb.
Stag Orrice, No. 1, Plekstt-place, Temple Hit.