Star.
London, England, 1807-11-26 00:00:00

BRAZILS.

At a time whtn the fulled! of the Portuguefe fetlemeMt in Aolith
America is a fuhjetct of general converfatior, the following in-
terefting extraA from the recent Varier of Te a NMI Lt. round
the World, will convey Come idea of the prefe.nt reftricrtiens
on "EngHAI trade there, as well as the fitua•ion and importance
of the Capital of the Brazils. It ■tult now loon be deternsin -
ed whether our trade is to coming, under fuch unpift and al-
aloft prohibitory regulations, or whether we arc to be entirely
elcluded from Southern America.

The city of St. Salvadore is large and poptilon
and appears divided by nature into an upper and
loorwaenr
eminence;tchwishe
o
, f the bay and harborer of All Saints. the fed and
itupcpoemrmuannvdnsisairicautneidn'teinrrtuhpeteir viniewit
clouds alone terminating the boondlefs profpeet.—
The upper town is the feat of the Viceroy, the civil
and military r fficers and principal merchants, whilL
the lower town is for the molt part occupied by . in-
habitants of the inferior order, retail ,T4defmen, ad.
venturers, and perfons following mechanical trades.
The town of St. Salvadore, next to that of Rio
Janeiro, is the moil Naive with regard to its trade of
any on the coall of Brazil. The commerce- of the
mother country, confidering the char afterillic indo-
lence of the Portuguefe, is very brilk ; and, as the
diam,Md mines require a numerous and congant fup•
ply of negroes, there is a confiderable trade to
Africa for this human merchandize. It mull be
confeffei, indeed, that the diamond mines could not
be worked without thefe flaws ; hut, perhaps dia-
monds, however inegirnable, are :bus purchafed at
a price too hight.
In the dock-yard a Chip of 64. guns was on the
gooks ; it was bullr of the cootrry oolod ; a wood
perhaps too heavy for thi- puri ore, but undoubtedly
much gronger than any Eo-ooe.in n,:k. The iron.
pitch, and tar, I undtritord to n ~r been brought
from Lotbon, the policy of the parent-country re-
quiring every thin,, wrought or manufathired to be
imported from thence—a circomit,.nce but little felt,
9, ling as the p.:ucirr of w..iktoen acid other fources
of wealth to the adventurer prevent the eflablith-
m.:nr of marrufa,:ttirers; but kimuld the indollry of
the colony ever iticreafe, end the improvement of
agriculture nugm.nt the- (lock of taw materials, the
imoorrance of this felfifb policy will not remain long
unintelligible.
The Sunday being a high fegivel in the Porturnefe
calendar, we leiz:d this opportunity to vifit the Por.
townie churches. We found them correfponding in
every refpea, both with the genius of their religion
and wealth of their fettlement ; they were magnifi•
cently adorned, and the ornaments of the images ap.
peered to us to be very valuable ; we found more.
over, and though tailors, with fume fatisfallion, that
there was one country in the world in which religion
was fagdonable, the churches being crowded with
all ranks of people, from the meauell five to his
Excellency the Governor himfelf. So pla.ifin and
natural to the heart of man is true piety, that though
protellants, and therefore having no predeliftion for
his hohnefs the Pope, we did not fee this fcene with
indifference ; and, indeed, it gave us a better opinion
of them than- any thing we had as yet teen amongft
them. it was not without great difficulty that we
obtained a feat in the principal church) our eyes
were in Come meafure diverted from the Preacher to
the holy Virgin arrayed in gold and jewels, with the
figure of the Prince of Brazil on her right hand,
elegantly accoutred, perhaps intimating by this, his
being one r‘f her avowed champions and defenders,
occupied the moll confpicuous corner of the church.
The Bilhop of the province, the fecond man in this
part of Br azil, was the preacher ; lois ditcourfe, as
far as we todertiood it by our interpreter, was do.
(icot, and the more In, perhaps, as confcious of his
1-igh rank and holy funBions, he addreffed himfelf
chiefly to the great, and lathed their vices and int.'
pieties, in a (Lyle of vigour and freedom which a
more humble preacher would fcarcely have ventured.
' Every thing that we fate convinced us of the value cf
this fettlement to the 11, ilifh Empire, in the event of
; a 1
oftt between the two countries. In e ccurfe
yeaurs eit is pretty evident that France orth ourfelvce
mull porters she Brazils ; for, a nation to weak as
the Portoguefe, fu fallen in the eliimation of Eu-
rope, will not 1 .ng be allowed this m nopoly of an
! extent of country which the is as little able to ufe as
to defend, if France fhould anticipate us, as the doubt-
I left. will, conquefi being the fundamental principle of
i a military government ; the will gain a fprol which
would more than compenfate the lots of Malta and
Egypt. Such an acquilition as this would be of more
fulid advantages to us as a commercial nation, than
all the conquens of France; at all events, fhould it
fall into our hands, it would be one means of fecur.
ing a molt honourable peace.
The fourth day, the time allowed us to refit, was
now expiring, and with it the civility, or rather for.
, bearance from hollility of the Portuguefe. The Har-
bour Matter came on board, with orders from the
Vice Roy, not to return till he had teen us out of the
I harbour. Remonthance was ufelefs, the order was
I abfolote. It may be aeedlefs to fay that our recep•
tier was not v.orfe than that of almoft every other
Englith vale' which has happened to touch at their
I ports. Being very much at a lots to account for a
I conduct fo ill (cited to a civilized natk,n, and towards
the people of a country to whom in the preterit Rate
I of Europe they owe the Very exigence of their Era-
pite, I took tome pains to afcertaio the caufe. At
I length, being introduced to a Major in the fervice, a
veteran, who had more knowledge than his brother
officers, I learned that the political connection be-
tween England and Portugal had not unfrequently
involved the latter in broils with their neighbours,
a this
;sthi iothaufys bbeycaonm ea
papeaproainncet o.f
andPa policy
leton
exntaenuthaatet
a reality of harfbnefs, through all their intercourfa
with us.

Dr. Downs:west. is to be the new Clifton of
Chriitchurch, in the room of the Bifh)p of ClitLisit;
and the Hon. Geer, fon of the Earl of STAN.
FOltb, is tofucceed Dr. Zuttcn, at Durham.
Yellerday as Major General Caau PURA was tetstr4
fling from the tZteen's Palace, one of his harks took
frit.t. and ra,. away futioully with the carriage;
the General jumped out of the carnage, when it was
shunt half way between Contlitution hill and the
ironigate at the entrance to the Green Pack, and
efcaind unhurt.