Star.
London, England, 1825-09-14 00:00:00

FROM LAST NIGHTS GAZETTE.
BANKRUPTS.
Ann Elsteott Sinus, Bath, bookseller, to surrender September 22,
23, and October 25, at ten, at the hite Lion lon, Bath. At.
tondes, Messrs. Adfington and Co. Bedford-row; or Mr. Gaby,
St. James's Parade, Bath.
Henry Michael Francis Goold, Brighthelmstoae, dealer, Septem-
ber 27, at ten, October 11, at eleven, and 25, at ten, at the
Court • of Commissioners oil Bankrupts, Baainghall.street. At-
tomies. Messrs. Palmer and Co. Bedford-row.
George Brampton Bridges, jun. late of Oldham, draper, Septem-
ber 26, 27, at two, and October 25, at five, at the Star Inn,
Manchester. Attendee, Messrs Hurd and Johnson, King's
Bench-walk, Temple; or Mr. Wood, Manchester.
Whereas by an Act passed in the last Session of Parliament, in.
tingled" At. Act to amend the laws relating to Bankrupts," it is
enacted, " that if any trader shall Me in the dice of the Lord
Chancellor's Secretary of Bankrupts a declaration in writing,
signed by such trader, and attested by an attorney or solicitor, that
'he is insolvent or urrable to meet his engagements. the said Secre-
tary of Bankrupts shall sign an authority for inserting the said de-
claration in the Gazette, and that every such declaration shall, after
such advertisement inserted as aforesaid, be an act of bankruptcy
committed by such trader at the time when such declaration was
filed, but that no commission shall issue thereupon wiles, it be
sued out within two calendar months next after the insertion of
such advertisement. unless such advertisement shall have been in.
serted within eight days after such act of bankruptcy after such
declaration filed ; and no docket shall be struck upon such act of
bankruptcy before the expiration of four days next after such in-
sertion in cue such commissiorn is to be executed in London, or
before the expiration of eight days next after such insertion in case
such commission le to be executed in the country."—Notice is
hereby given that declarations were flied on the 9th and 13th days
of September, 1825, in the office of the Lord Chancellor's Secre-
tary of Bankrupts, signed and attested according to said Act, by
William Lewin Levee, late of Grove-lane. Camberwell, in the
county of Surrey, now of East India Chambers, Leadenhall.street,
in the city of London, merchant, that he is in insolvent circum-
stances, and is unable to meet his engagements with his creditors.
Henry Frederick Coley, late of Winchester-boost, Broadastreet,
in the city of London, wine-merchant (surviving partner of Richard
Hooper, trading under the firm of Hooper, Coley, and Co.) that
he is in insolvent circumstances, and is unable to meet his engage-
meats with his creditors.
George buddy, late of Mark-lane, in the city of London, but
now of Wellington-place, Stepney, in the county of Middlesex,
hop and seed.merchant, that be is ht insolvent circumstances and is
usable to meet his engagements with his creditors.
James Emerson and Samuel Simpson Emerson, of the White-
chapel.road, in the county of M;ddlesex, corn.factera, that they are
M insolvent circumstances and unable to meet their engagements
with theircreditors.

OIVIDEND to be 'wade lo BASINGIIALL-STREET.

Nov. 19, W. Smith and J. Atkinson, jun. Ahlernsanbury, mer-
chants, at doom

DIVIDENDS to he made in the COUNTRY.

Oct. 7, G. B. Clark. New Shoreham, Sasses, brewer, at Maven,
at the Steyne Hotel, Worthing. Oct. 3, J. Bealey, Little Lever,
Lancashire, papermanufaeturer, at ten, at the Star Inn,Mancheiter.

CERTIFICATES—Ocr. 4.

J. Smith, Clement's-Lute, wine-merehant. T. Barker, late of
Stratford, brewer. J. T. taninlan and J. T. Stokes, late of G ros-
veoor-market, dyers. G. Sherbet's, late of Pall Mall, boot-la aker.
W. True4tt, Welllngton.street, &rand, perfumer.
DISSOLUTIONS OF PA RT NERS H IPS.

Dale and Co. Fashion-street, Spitslfields, evadable-manufactu-
rers. Danby and Winsor, Crosby-row, Bermondsey, carpenters.
Ylsomk7 and Cooper, Chisworth, Derbyshire, cotton-spinners.—
nikner and Os. Livetpoul, merchants, (as regards F.. Falkner and
W. blawdsley). Cbouler and Derbyshire, Beeston. Nottiogham-
shire, bobbin and carriage-makers. blatthie and Theakstone, Li-
' verpool. Sharpe and Hill. West Smithfield. banker& Spencer
and Co. Leicester, manufacturers of twist net. A. and G. It.
Wardell, timber-carriage owners. J. Wildsmith, sen.
Ind jan. Nottingham, bce-manufaaturrre. Taylor and Peon,
, News:me-market, carcase-butchers. Stokes, and Quinlan, gni,-
vener-niarkrt, dyers. Nevrberry and Hoyle, Fleet-street, linen-
drapers.. Wye and Wood, 6ratechurett-street, oil:liter& Wicks
and Co. Quadrant, Beal ut arret, tailors. T. iussl G. BoUand,
York, book sulk

(Continitedfroas atr Paper of Yesterday.)
The Select Committee appointed to consider of the Laws respect.
ing FRISNDLY Somalia, and to report the same, with their Obl
servations thereupon, to the House: and who were empowered
to report the Minutes of Evidence taken before them;--have,
pursuant to the Orders of the House, considered the Matters to
them referred, and have agreed upon the following Report :
Another abuse of these societies has attracted much
attention, and has been specially brought under the
consideration of your Committee, by the reference
of the Reports of the Committee of last year, to whom
it was reterred to inquire into the state of the law,
and its effects, so far as relates to the Combination of
Workmen and others, to raise wages, or to regulate
their wages and hours of working." These clubs were,
in very many instances, composed of persons wotk:ng
at the s.me trade ; the habits and opportunities of asso.
ciation, which the Friendly S -cieties gave to them,
doubtless afforded facilities of combination for raising
wages and other purpose's, all of which were then un-
lawful, with their common business. Your
Committee will hare to refer to this subject again, as
cOnneeted-with the present state of the law; they now
mention it, with the ether defects and abuse: of the old
system, in order that the intention and effects of the
,existing Act of 1819 may be better understood.
The necessity of considering the law its it stood be-
fore 1819, and subsequently, will; be apparent, when
it is recollected that societies formed previously to the
12th of. July, 1819, are still not liable to the operation
of the last Act. And believing, as your Committee do
believe, that the ill opinion entertained by many per-
sons of the system of Friendly Societies, has its origin
only in an observation of abuses, many of which have
been corrected by the Act of 1819, and others may
easily be refOrrised ; they are ansicus to separate, in
their cdnsideration, societies which are independent of
that Act, societies formed under it, and societies
which may be established under the modification of it,
which they are prepared to suggest.
They now proceed to the several parts of the Act.
The preamble recites, that " the habitual reliance of
poor persons upon parochial relief rather than upon
their own industry, tends to the moral deterioration of
the people. and to the accumulation of heavy burthens
upon parishes; and it is desirable, as well with a view
to the reduction of the assessments made for the relief
of the poor, as to the improvement of the habits of the
people, that encouragement should be afforded to per-
'tons desirous of making provision for themselves or
their families, out of the fruits of their own industry;
sad that by the contribution of the "savings of many
persons to one common fund, the most effectual provi-
sion may be made for the casualties affecting all the
contributors; and it is tteretore desirable to afford
further facilities and additional security to persons who
may be willing to unite in appropriating small sums,
from time to time, to the formation of a common fund
for the purposes aforesaid ; and it is desirable to
protect such peisons against the effects of fraud or
miscalculation."
Concurring fully in this averment of the utility of
the Institutions, as well to the community as to indi-
viduals, your Committee might satiafy themselves with
appealing to this legislative declaration of the grounds
npon which Friendly Societies are entitled to encou-
ragement and protection. But the opinion which some
persons entertain, hostile to tke formation of any com-
mon fund by contribution among the lower classes,
and the preference given to individual savings, induce
your Committee to consider the claims of these So-
cieties in some detail. It has been observed, that the
hostility to Friendly Societies has been nowhere more
strong or controversial, that) among the patrons of
Saving Banks. Of these institutions, which are not re-
ferred to them for consideration, your Committee
will only say, tbat they are undeniably calculated for
many very useful purposes ; some of which cannot pos-
sibly be secured by institutions of mutual assurance;
but your Committee affirm, without hesitation, as
equally undeniable; that it is "" by the contribution of
the saving& of many persons to one common fund, that
themost effectual provision can be made for casualties
affecting," or, as it would have been more correctly
said, liable to affect " all the contributors." This pro-
position, which is indeed obviously true; has been well
illustrated by a writer on Friendly Societies, who asks,
whether the advocates of separate and exclusive saving
" will be easily persuaded to save their annual pre-
mium, instead of securing their houses against firer
Wherever there is a contingency, the cheapest way of
providing against it is by uniting with others; so that
each man may subject himself to a small deprivation,
in order that no man may be subjected to a great loss.
He upon whom the cotringency does not fall, dies not
get his money back again, nor does he get for it any vt-
stble or tangible benefit; but he obtains security against
ruin, and consequent peace of mind.
He upon whom the contingency does fall,gets all that
those whom fortune has exempted from it have lost in
'hard mosey, and is thus enabled to sustain an event
which would otherwise overwhelm him.
The individual depositor, not the contributor to a
'common fund, is really the speculator. If no sickness
attacks him during his years of strength and activity,
and he dies before he is past labour, be has been suc-
cessful in his speculation ; but if he fall sick at an early
period, or if he live to old age, he is a 4rtat loser; for
his savings, with their accumulations, will support him
but for a short time in sickness ; or, even it he retain
something in old age, after having provided for his oc-
casional illnesses, the annuity which he can then pur-
Lchasewill be very inferior indeed to that which he would
have obtained, it he had entitled himself to the benefit of
the accumulated savings of all those who, having con-
tributed for many years to a superannuation fund, had
never reached an age to require it.
P A common fund, in all cases of contingency, is not
less obviously for the ineerest of the Public. The tut.
.successful speculator described in the last Illustration,
in other words the depot tor in a Savings' Bank, who
tails into .114bi.ual sickrieas or reaches old age, must
either-starve or come uischi his friends or neighbours
%holly or patti.illi for styport. In this country the
Poor Laws will bimg him upon the parish. The parish
'
will lox all that-the mot fortunate speculatia-s
the par el ial.funds inu.4 supply the difference betwe. n

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