Star.
London, England, 1831-04-29 00:00:00

ALGIERS.

A letter from a medical officer attached to the French
army of Algiers, contains the following particulars :
The population amounts to between 60,000 and 70,000 souls. It con-
sists of Turkish families. of Couloglis, being the olfkpriag of Turks
by Moorish women, of Arabs, Moors, Jews (to the number of about
15000) and of black slaves. The Cnuloglis are a tall race, and but for
eenstant inactivity, would be robust. Seated with their legs crowed,
they pass their time in ,cooking, and in drinking coat. Their figure
is handsome slid imposing : they are fair, without any tine of the
Arab blood, and arc not dicing', hatable fmen the Turks.
The Jews, living in overcrowded habitations, and a vitiated atmo-
.pbere, are almost all of them seropholons The Moor*. Arabs, and
Degrees, are meagre, tall, active, and laborious, and rarely a prey to the
iohrmities which abet the rest of the inhabitants. The maladies—
which appear to be endemic, are opthalmla, and a swelling of the
lower extremities, or the elephantiasis of the Greeks—a hideous die-
s:Le:ma hich, with the one exception just mentioned, attacks all

Algiers has only two paltry manufactories, of matte white woollens,
and one of silk Pa %bes. All other articles of clothing ere procured
from Europe. They dye woollens, silks, and enitons, hut the colours
are neither beautiful nor lasting. There is no a warehouse in the
whole city, all its trade being carried on it pal ry vhops t.f seven or
eight feet long, by four or five in breadth, where the shopkeeper, seated
on a lost, without discomposing himself, hands the customer what-
ever articles he may want. The ointment of most travellers, as to the
manufacture of Otto of Roses, of the best quality. at Algiers, is Ratly
contradicted, and the writer asserts that there is no Otto of Roses
on sale there, but what comes from Smyrna, Constantinople, or Jlar-
seines.

Algiers has twenty three mosques, of which seven are very haul-
some structures, and kept extremely clean. The Jews hare thirteen
synagogma, most of them very large, but in the interior disgustingly
filthy.
The costume of all sects is nearly the same, differing only as .o co-
lour, which for the :tlabotuctans is white, and for the Jews black, or of
other (lurk tints. The Jewesses tinge their hair, eve-brows, nails, the
palms of their hands, their heels, and the soles of their feet whit room.
Their head-dress consists of a truncated cone, from 18 to 20 inches
long, of iron or silver wire, often decorated withribanels, and over which
is thrown a large eel, failing duwu behind. The Turkish females
never venture out without a bandeau on the forehead, whilst another
piece of stuff leaves no part of the countenarm visible but the eyes.
The costume of the Bedouin is that of the ancient patriarchs. They
go with the legs and feet bare, and the body partially covered with a
white garment attached to the head by a cord. and confined at the waist
by a cord, or laniard, of untanned leather. Their stature is tall, their
aspect severe, their skin herd, and their complexion a deep brown-
ish red.

The Algerinem have no iilea of the ornamental arta, and with them all
,be useful uw .ire übly yet in a state of infancy. Among their animals,

The harbour of Algiers is good and safe, but so anal) that tlso
French frigates cannot inter it, and that it can afford shelter only to
from fifteen to twenty TOW, of inferior tonnage. The roadsted is had,
and its anchorage dangerous at all seasons of the year; so that Algiers
can never become a naval station.

With regard to the climate, the writer says--" During the wroth.
of June and July, the thermometer rose in marquees to flour twenty -
eigh• to • Itirty degrees of Reaumur, and in the ordinary tents to from
thirty-two to thirty-four. The latter were every night penetrated with
the dews. Since the la of October, we have always bad a temperature
of from eighteen to twenty degrees in the day, and of not less thaw
fourteen during the night. With the ezeepLion of two or three storms,
the sky has been constantly serene since our arrival. On the 9th July,
about eight o'clock in the evening, the wind blew from the Southward
with such violence, that it tore away parts of the tents, and made the
sand fly in clouds, so thick as to renda it impossible to see any object
at the distances of a few paces. The sir acquired a suffocating heat,
like that issuing from the mouth of s burning furnace. Until three
o'clock in the morning, the atmosphere seemed to be on fire. At that
hour the wind chopped round to the North Bast, the sex-breeze sprang
up. and we began to breathe again. All of us, however, were cacao ill
from the effects of this dreadful night, which, besides, carried off many
of our wounded men, who had suffered amputation, and who were
going on well at the previous evening visit. They died, as if seized
with tetanus, but their agony did not exceed a quarter of an hoar in
duration. Since the month of July, we have again been twice slightly
incommoded by the wind of the desert."

M. Marshal De Serres, professor of mineralogy end geo-
logy at Montpellier, has published a work upon " the tertiary
marine soils of the South of France," which abounds in cu-
rious and interesting details, from which he draws the ge-
neral conclusion, that the actual condition of the external
crust of the globe has not been the result of violent revolu-
tions, or grand cataclysms ; but that the phenomena which it
now exhibits may all be attributed to causes analogous to
those which are still in operation ; and that every thing seems
to be formed without general convulsions, and in a regular
manner. The tertiary marine beds were, he says, formed at
a period when the ocean was already separated from the Me-
diterranean seas, or, in other terms, at an epoch nearly ap-
proximating to the historic times. The alternation of ma-
rine deposits with those of fresh water, in the most recent
formations, is, he contends, merely the effect of the trans-
portation of different materials into the seas by rivers. One
of the proofs which he gives of this assertion, is the presence
of fresh-water calcareous pebbles pierced by marine litho-
phagous mollescae in the midst of solid strata formed by the
waters of the sea, of which he says the shores of the Medi-
terranean offer several specimens. He conceives that the
comparative contiguity of certain alluvial deposits may be
estimated by the preater or less quantity of animal matter,
found in the fomil bones of quadrupeds contained in these
strata. From a detail of facts as, the presence of human
bones, and the remains of artic uman fabrication in
the solid or alluvial strata in both h mispheres, be makes the
following deductions:
I. That since the appearance ofman upon the earth, certain
species of terrestrial tnammiferous animals have been com-
pletely destroyed, or, at least, have ceased to exist in the
different parts of the globe, which have been hitherto
explored.
2. That the remains of our species are incontestably inter-
mingled with, and found in the same geological circum-
stances as certain species of terrestrial manainifera hitherto
considered as antediluvian—such as the bears of the caverns
of Miremont and Bize, and the rhinoceroses and byreuas of
the caverns of Pundraz and Souvignargues ; and thus, it
appears, that, since the existence of man, rhinoceroses,
hyaenas, bears, and stags of an unknown species, have lived
in our regions, and that their races were sufferers in the last
great inundation which caused the destruction of individuals
of our species, and dispersed the diluvium over a great part
of the surface of the globe.
With regard to the insects kind in a foasile state in the
south of France, the author states that this sa of Montpellier
are analogous to, and probably identical with those which
still exist in the environs of that city ; and that the same re-
semblance occult; as to those of the environs of Aix, the
greater number of which belong to those living in dry and
arid situations. In the south of France, foesile vegetables
are found in the same strata which contain (mile fish ; and
those strata which are destitute of the one. are alike desti-
tute of the other. For this fact the author accounts by
observing, that these bodies must have been chiefly pre-
served in slimy depots, formed in sheltered places, entirely
favourable to the preservation of plants and fishes. The
principal of the destroyed species of vertebral and invertebral
animals found in the tertiary strata of the south of France,
have a resemblance to those of the torrid zones, whilst the
greater number of the species, identical with races actually
existing in France, seem to have come from the temperate
zones—a circumstance affording a presumption that the de-
struction of the former was occasioned by a diminution of the
temperature of the earth. From his examination as to the fos-
sile insects and aracbnides of the basin of Aix he makes the fol-
lowing inference : " Insects belonging to invertebral auimals,
being more simple in respect of their organisation than the
vertebral, were also the first that appeared on the stage of
the ancient world, where in consequence of the condition of
their existence, less imperious than those to which animals
of a more elevated order had been subjected, they have con-
stantly perpetuated tbeinselves without experiencing other
modifications than those of species. The formative types ou
which they have established their families and their genera
appear to have sustained no change.
vxectweemzessfe
NAVAL I,NTE.LLIGINCE.
FALAIOUTH, APme. 27.
Arrived this day (Wind 8.8 W.) the Glory, Pope, from Gallipoly,
for orders; the Hulled, Dysart, tlrorn Leghorn, fur ditto ; and
Lady Wellington packet, Lugg, from Rio de Janeiro--sailed from that
place on February 13th; on which day, off Rio de Janeiro, !poke the
Phoenix, of I :uernsey, out 68 days. April 24th, in lat. 46. 22. N.
long. 11. 2. W. spoke tie Bremen bark Joh.tnn Frledrick, from the
Havannah, out 42 days. His Majesty's packet Sphynx arrived on the
10th February at Rio, from Falmouth.
Sailed his Majesty's packet Emulous, Croke, for the liavannah and
Vera Cruz; and his Majesty's packet Zephyr, Lieut. Church, for the
Leeward Islands, both with mails.

Off the port, the Wellington. from Cadiz for Leith.
Besides the windows of the Morning
Post, and of the
houses in Piccadilly, mentioned yesterday, we learn that the
ste-t side of St. James's • guars, including the houses of
the Bishops of London and Winchester, experienced a
similar fate. Crock ford's magnificent plate glass windows
are destroyed, and those in the extensive frontage of the
Duke of tiortbumberland. The Marquess of Londonderry
in Park Lane, Mr. Peel in Spring Gardens, the Pulteney
hotel, the Guards club house, the Alfred, the Literegy
Union, and some others, suffered severely. Fraser the
magazine publisher, the John Bull office, Halesand Under
wood, booksellers, Corhyn and Bell, druggists, and some
other scrupulous, or " right-conceited' persons, were
marked by popular resentment. The Duke of Wellington
lost eleven Tunes before the assailants were arrested bymore respect for the dead, than they evinced for the living.
On the whole, in spite of these irregularities, always to be
regretted when they occur, but sot unusual on such occa-
sions, the people were highly good-humoured, and we have
not yet heard of a single serious accident.