Star.
London, England, 1831-06-24 00:00:00

N. 13,818,

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I believe him to be a candid large-minded statesman.
Supposing this event to transpire, I must beg of you,
sir, to represent to the Home Government the neces-
sity, in order to reduce much useless expense in-
curred in the colony, of breaking up all the public
convict establishments here, and of our local go-
vernment erecting and constructing all their wharfs,
buildings, roads, and bridges, by means of tenders
and contracts from private individuals. The con-
tractors here will be eager to take all the convicts
off the hands of the local government, save the halt,
the lame, and the blind ; **such convicts as these
should be kept in the hulks at home.
Our women convicts are nearly irreclaimable.
The. discipline adopted by General Darling towards
them, is as much too lenient, as that adopted to-
wards the male convicts is too severe. The Female
Factory at Parramatta is a receptacle for idleness,
vice, and debauchery, of the grossest kinds; and
will continue so until a severer discipline be es-
tablished. For petty thefts, and for acts of de-
bauchery, a female offender is condemned to idleness
in the factory, which is a sort of house of correc-
tion, but where no correction worth the name takes
place as to such bad characters. They should be
made to work hard. Labour is the most suitable
punishment fit for a Christian government to in-
flict on criminals, whether male or female. La-
bour is the hest corrective of idleness ; and idle-
ness is the chief source of the vices of the lower
orders of every country. This was well under-
, stood by Sir Thomas Brisbane and littsjor Goul-
burn. They fed the convicts, but worketthem hard.
—General Darling's policy is, to give them spare
food of inferior quality, and not to be too severe in
exacting labour, save at the penal settlements.
There indeed, the male convicts are half starved,
and yet are compelled, by the terror of the lash, to
work bard too. The consequence is, they murder
each other on purpose to come up to Sydney to
take the chance of a trial for their lives. This is
the teniversal testimony of such of them as have
'suffered death for crimes perpetrated at Moreton
Buy.
That you, Sir, and the Home Government may
clearly understand, that the demand here for convict
labour is greater than the supply, I need only inform
you, that the friends of General Darling, and the
supporters of his government, can alone get con-
victs assigned to them. Others apply in vain.
Many persons have had their names inserted in the
list of applications for convicts, six, nine, twelve,
and dighteen months, and yet receive none. Con-
victs sire scarcer here than good farms, and you must
now have great interest with the Governor, or those
about his person, before you can get either.
If on the arrival of a convict-ship,theeervices of the
convicts on board were to be sold to the highest
bidder for a term of years, subject to the men being
adequately fed and clothed by the purchasers under
a penalty, I do not doubt but a cargo of 200 able
convicts would realize 1001. a year for the first five
or ten years of their terms. This would be much
better policy for the government than feeding and
iclothing these men in the lumber-yards, and other
convict-establishments, of New South Wales, to-
wit, Emu Farm, Wellington Valley, &c. The go-
vernment here carries on business in ship.building,
farming, and grazing. All of which is a positive
loss to the British people, and n still greater loss to
the colony, reckoning the superior profits the
settlers would produce to the empire from employ-
ing the convicts themselves.
Sir R. Peel seems to think, that the expense of
transporting a given number of convicts to New
South Wales is greater than transporting them to
Bermuda; for he states, that the work done by
the convicts at Bermuda exceeds in value the ex-
pense of maintaining them there ; which he seems
to intimate is not the case with New South Wales.

The expense of the Government of New South
Wales might be greatly reduced (perhaps half) if
the Government would be pleased to break up
all their foolish convict establishments, and erect
and construct the public buildings and roads
here by contract ; the Settlers taking charge of
the convicts ; which, as I bays already said,'
they will be extremely glad to do. But if the
labour of convicts be so profitable in Bermuda, why
should it not be equally profitable in New South
Wales ? 1 he increase of this colony in every way
is as much an increase to the power of the empire
at large as any such increase in Bermuda, or else-
where. If the convicts build a wharf or a pier, or
erect a battery, or a barrack, or a light-house in
Bermuda at a given cost, why cannot they do the
same in New South Wales at tho same cost ?
Why not do it indeed at a cheaper cost, for beef
and wheat are half the price hero which they are
at Bermuda ? If the convicts really cost more
here than at Bermuda, it shews that the Gover-
nors of this Colony aro worse manager: than those
of Bermuda, that is all. And if so, why do not
His Majesty's Ministers imperatively -direct the
Governors here, to adopt the same systentof convict
management, as it should seem works so well at
Bermuda ?
But as convicts are found here to do more than
twice and even three times the work for individual
masters, who are their own Overseers, which they
do for the local Government when herded in gangs,
and fed and clothed by a jieary, unwieldly, and
extravagant Commissariat, with a host of salaried
overseers, superintendents, salaried magistrates,
engineers, &c. &c. &c. to boot, I fell more than
confident, that if the Government here, were to do
all their work through the Settlers by contract,
keeping no coavicts at all themselves, but giving
them all-away to the Contractbrs, the public works
of New South Wales would be done cheaper, And
be erected. its much leas time than they are;
while 'the convicts themselves would be kept in
better discipline, and be, more certainly cured of
their original and all besetting sin rifeness, the
hrs t Mind last cause of all their crimes.. •
The only saving which can possibly accrue by

transporting convicts to Bermuda, in lieu of New
South Wales, is, the difference of passage-money
or freightage. The voyage to New South Wales
being longer than that to Bermuda, it must, of
course, be more expensive. But no other kind
of saving can possibly arise, if his ltlajosty's mi-
nisters do their duty, and send but proper instruc-
tions to their Governors. But when we consider,that
if all the convicts of Great Britain were sent to
Bermuda, and the gigantic, unwieldy, extravagant
commissariat here, were in consequence to be re-
moved to that island, together with our host of
engineers, surveyors, overseers, superintendents,
master government-builders, and master govern-
ment trades of all sorts and sizes, the British Go-
vernment would then find, I trow, that the transla-
tion of the whole concern together would be accom-
panied by the same enormous expense ; increased
however by the high prices which meat and flour
fetch in Bermuda above those of New South Wales.
But if the Government wish to abalish the vast
official apparatus just descri-ed, with its enormous
annual expense of a quarter of a million sterling a
year, and to distribute the convicts in the country to
which they go, confiding them under agreement to
the care of private individuals, eager to feed and
clothe them, without putting the Government to
further trouble, or a single farthing of expense,
this cannot be accomplished at Bermuda, nor in-
deed at any other Colony in the world—this vast
achievement (for so it is if soberly considered), can
only be accomplished in this fine and prosperous
Colony ; which from its South-sea fisheries and
marine enterprise already in active operation, will
be the mistress of the Seas on this side the
equator, as much as England is at present on the
other.

••• This writer speaks of the convicts as though
they were not kindred beings, and as though they
had done something to deprive them of the attri-
butes of humanity. Did he never happen to learn
from themselves the unequal causes of their expa-
triation ? Had he considered Old Bailey law and
Quarter Sessions law as the most perfect in the
world ? For our parts, we read his cold-blooded
speculations about these unfortunate victims of a
bad system with pain and grief. On his own show-
ing New South %Vales, in soil, climate, and pros-
pects, is a wretched country, and one where no
one would willingly be an emigrant.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT.

HOUSR OF LORDS, Juw 23.

The I.OIID CIIANCELLOR took his mit on the Woolsack
at ten minutes to five o'clock.
Lord DUNDAS presented a petition from Paisley against
the assessed taxes; and various petitions from parts of Scot-
land upon, the subject of parliamentary reform.
Lord WHARNCLIFFE said he should, on Tuesday
next, lay on tke table the two bills relative to the manufac-
tures and currency of the country.
Lord TRYNHA M gave notice that on Lady-day he
should bring forward a motion, relative to the appointment
of overseers of the poor.

ANSWIII TO TAT ADMITS&
The LORD CHANCELLOR Informed the House that
his Majesty bad been waked upon with the Address, and
had been pleased to return the following most gracious
answer t—
“My Lords,—l thank you for your loyal and dutiful Ad.
dress, and I receive with great pleasure the assurance that
you will adopt measures necessary to provide for the ezigcn.
cies of the public service," &e. &e.
The Duke of RICHMOND movel that his Majesty's
gracious answer be entered upon the Journals.

CALU MNUMJS STATEMENT.
Lord PLUNKETT took the opportunity of complain.
hog, la allusion to a gross and scandalous libel, published
peersupon in house he declared, that int
ha newspaper.ln
the
presence of the noble
every thing said about
him in the publication .to which he alluded was gross and
absolute falsehood from beginning to end ; so much so, that
be was at a loss to conjecture how the individual who was
reported to have uttered it could bays been supplied with in.
formation so remote from truth. The publication puTort-
ed to be the speech of a member of the other house, and he
was charged with misconduct which, if true, would make
him one of the most abject men alive. .He was desirous that
' the person who had made the unfounded charges might bare
in opportunity of offering explanation, and therefore should
bring the subject again before the house to.morrow.
The Marquis of LONDONDERRY said, the right ho-
nourable baronet to whom the noble lord alluded relied upon
him to offer some explanation on the statement made res.
pecting the late extraordinary interference of the Govern.
meat of Ireland in elections. He could say, with respect
to. that which had been stated of the noble and learned
lord, that there was no man less capable of meanies
or speaking libels than the right honourable baronet ; and
his hope was, that the noble and learned lord would
not make air further application to the house before he
had a private Interview with that honourable baronet, who
bad received his information from persons in Dublin. He
bad no doubt the right honourable baronet would give up his
authority.
The LORD CHANCRLLOR said it must be well
known to the Lord Chancellor of Ireland and their Lordships,
that if any member of the House of Commons said any thing
improper iu his place, be was amenable to the House of COOl.
mons. and they only could punish him. By the Bill of I
Rights, members of the House of Commons could not be
questioned out of the house for what they had said in the
house, but a publication out of the house rendered the pub.
lisher liable to answer at the bar of either house. That being
the law he suggested to the noble marquis whether it would j
not be better to wait until to-morrow, when his noble friend
intended to bring on the subject again.
The Marquis of LONDONDERRY explained.
Lord PLUNKETT said, he did not bring this subject
&ward for the purpose of bringing any person belonging to
newspapers to the bar, but for the express purpose of de-
(ending himself against one of the most gross attacks ever
brought under the notice of parliamem. tine charge was,
that he had made traffic of judicial offices for the purpose of
procuring votes in parliament. If he reallj was capable of
ouch misconduct, it would make him Incapable of giving ad.
vice to the crown, or filling the station be had the honour to
hold. He had also been charged with giving away offices in
the church, fbr election pumtisq..
The Marquis of LONDONDRR RT said it war notpos.
Bible his friend the bon. baronet could have made any charge
without foundation.
Lord PLUNKKYT.--All I amiy is, if any ooe mikes
three charges against me to any extent, It Is a gross false-
hood. •

Thi LORD CIiANCEILLOR thew dosed the euhied
by PRAM (.14.Duksig ttObwaid)j modal drat the &sew
io ibi addrias ke'ei;efed co the journals., witich was agreed
teusilrenittet itiottitiL
•I , ..•••.• • • Sen. VILE:**

ii.ThiLIP*P.4.44TII stul WlCLLlF.proisimad ai*.l
ftr.V.6811,1 0110110 1116.ben
;4;erena tite mplal 'pei oners eined Of the
great increase of pauperism sad demoralisation occasioned

120 l'er Ce "
* 1
/f.LIT
4it°4l.°
~,
.1, , L:
it
-
•,-
. •
by the measure called she beer bill. He called.
on the noble
and learned lord on the woolsack to bring the toll under the
\ll,/
consideration of Parliament, with a view to the amendment
Of repeal of the sa The reverend prelate alms called pu
API the noble lord at Tithe head of his Majertyl. ci.une.l. to anew
) ,
~4111 j t that he was willing to reform the m°
knew that there was strong feelingrainkfit'vfouthreorlTiedein. • !die
11-= I -
/110
cy, • - ed measure for reform in Parliament, but the revere, d pre- i
\\N
DS? 4//bH. late declared that be for one could not Fite his soppor: '
that measure. He was an advocate for reformai ion in
VOIOnsAND2b • rjo
xAczta
i,
lie m orals.
The Earl
_ • 1788.
t.
FRIDAY EVENING, JUNE 24, 1831. PRICE SEVENPENCE.
thOuld be se,
the use of his family. tn..—
`,vie-houses had led men into the nee..
as away from home, and thereby having tii,..
but the means of support. The Ni Eirl
in some instances, bad drawn tl eir earniiigs
'•nks to drink the same in bei-r.shops.
-he coast, another evil had arisen. A 1
-.bousesreceived smuggled spirits.
',don would be mule 1.• pre-
"e premises of the 'eller.
Nat some amelloration
health and welfare.
Iteration of the
•-a prom AO
' with the
sie out
I
• •
o I I

of 3IALMESBURY said, hr had alreate.3 ex-
pressed his disapprobation on the subject of t.;e
and he still thought there was a po•►ibility of applying a
remedy to the evils of it. lie conceived at least that the
magistrates should have a cootroul over the beet! hours.
All be wished fur was to see the attention of Government
again turned to the subject. The great object cf th^
Bill should be to allow a poor man to carry home his beer
for the use of his family. Instead of pursuing ti at course
the beer-houses had led men into the habit of spendirg
their wages away from home, and thereby having their
families without the means of support. The Ed]
knew that men, in some instances, had drawn tl.eir earrings
from the Savings Banks to drink the same in bevr-shopz•
In rural districts, near the coast, another evil bed arisen. A
great proitortion of the beer.bousesreceived smuggled mishits
His hope was, that some provision would be made la pre
vent the consumption of beer on the premises of the seller.
Lord MELBOURNE agreed that some atoil?orstio
should take place on this subject. If the health and welfar
of the population ceeld be improved by alteration of tii
Bill, the best interests of the country might he p:oni as
by such alteration. At the same time he agreed with t 1
noble Earl (Mahmesbury) that a repeal of the 11 11 was o
of the quietism, The subject had been ander the considts
don of bis,illajestra government, who had been magi
every inquiry relative to the effects of the Bill, and, go
rally speaking, the people were adverse to the 11:11. I
however, could not help thinking that the statement ni
of the sudden demoralization that had taken place in e
sequence of the beer bill was a most fallacious statement
As to giving magistrates power over Oise houses, he
not sec how that could be effected situ ut elnipletel)
pealing the bill. He, however, ennsiOired that if snort
lice regulations were adopted, it would be atte:-ded etch
but results, and the unremitting attention of hi• 3laje
Government would be given to that subject.
Lord TRYNIIA M felt convinced that Vie CV:111,511
from the bill could not be remedied till them was 4 1
of the trait and hop &lies.
The Marquis of SALISBURY beliaied tl at 1:1
moralising effects bail been produced from the ch
the article. In his part of the country almost the Is!
the beer-houses were put down, slid were now in the h.
ths brewers.

The LORD CHANCELLOR was happy to hear 041
the Secretary of Btate for the Home Department had the
subject under his consideration, and he could as%ure the
Rev. Prelate who presented the petition, that nopa:nashould
be wanting on his part in examining the def. etc of the sys-
tem. He trusted, however, that any alteration that miiht
be made would only be in the superintendnig and control-
ling bower. He consideted that it was not necessary to :rater
the greater principles of the bill.
After a few observations from LordK LNG and theßishon of
BATH and WELLS, the petition was read, and the subject
dropped.
Lord KING presented a petition from Aprington, and
several other places, against the tythe system.
EXPLOYItifT Of THE avaat. POPSLATZON.
The Earl of WINCH HASA asked his majesty's go-
refitment whether they had any intention to give relief to
the agricultural population, by a measure compelling the
magistrates to make the occupiers of land pay rates, for the
employment of labourers during winter. In several agricul-
tural parishes fifty or more able-bodied men were ►eceiving
pariah relief, and he was sure if that state of things c• ntinued
much longer, there would be an increase of demonellsathin
throughout tl.e country. If his majesty's ministers had no
measure of the character he had mentioned, he should lay °a
the table a bill in some respects like one he submitted List
Session of Parliament.

Lord GODKRICH admitted that in some mitts of the
country there existed a great demand for labour, but t;iat
was not universally the awe. In the northern and western
counties there was not that demand, but he rose prin-
cipally to answer the noble lord's question. It certainly
was the intention of govenukent to propres in the Canna
of the present session, a bill en the subject of emigta.
lion. Re did not hold emigration out as a panacea. yet
be was convinced it would relieve the superabundant pop
pulatlon, under which parts of the kingdom at this time
laboured, and in Ireland, espc•cially, that appeared to be
the great evil.
The Earl of WINCH ILSRA said his bill would et able
magistrates to force occupiers to ircrease the rates during
winter months, in order that labourers might be employed.
The Earl of DIAL 1/ HSBUIIV suggested to the noble
earl the advantage of leasing land for the employment of the
poor during the winter months. His hope was that a clause
would be introduced to repeal the restriction with respect to
the quantity of land pulahes were allowed to use for the em-
ployment of hired labourers.
The Earl of SUFFIELU said no question could le MIR
important than that of employing the poor. Ile admitted
that Reform in Parliament was an important questirn, and
that much good was to be expected from lmprovtmtnt in
the representation, but no one supposed it would rebate the
country from all Its dbueas. There was a superabundance
of population in the eastern parts of the country ; and he
had lesson to believe the Government would institute inquiry
with a view to ascertain how far it might be expedient to
employ that superabundant population at home. Ile left tile
subject in their hands, and his liope was that measures might
be instituted to afford relief.

~o]

POOR LAWS.
The Marquis of SALISBURY gave notice that he
should move on an early day for tie remwta of the Corn.
mince on the Poor Laws.
Lord MELBOURNE did not wish to plulge he Go.
remittent to measures which could do no good ; the subject
of the Pour Laws had produced much diversity of opinion...
Every one was desirous of giving his own nostrum ; but
without pledging the Government he would say, that their
attention had been called to the employment of the poor, with
a view to the accomplishment of that object.
The LORD CHANCELLOR deprecated the practice
which had been rising in that House, of debating when there
imam question before them. No man in such casts could
speak to the question, because question there was none—(a
laugh)—and such conversation was really less amusing than
a fire.sitle story. When the time came for regular discus—
sion, be should give his opinion. On that occasion he could
only say, that an attempt should be made to do something
on the subject of local distress, and the present Session,
short as it might be, would not be suffered to pw ores wi.h.
out some mason" being taken. It was desirable that i am.
sure should be adopted to provide labour, and facilitate (mi.
gratien, ands bill was about to be propounded by his Ala.
jetty's (Monument. He had no objection to say, it was the
intention of his Majesty's Gore:mem *ego one step fur.
ther, and prevent the seaman* of them sad scenes which
had impressed upset the Government the absolute neces-ity
of providing for the surplus population. With respect to
the Poor Laws, the intention was to avail themselves of
lights which had broken in upon them, and do mouthing,
but not in the present Session. In the next Session a Bill
would be brought In to consolidate the Poor Laws. The
Noble and Learned Lord had said so much to rescue himself
and collapse from any charge of supineness on the great
interests of the community at large.
The BISHOP of FERNS presented a petition from
Dublin to extend the election law.

Lord STOURTON addrmeed the House at some length
on the present state of Ireland,'snd called upon their lord.
ships to check the progress of distress by some ealstary,'.
wise, and humane measure.
The House then adjourned.
HOUSE OF COMMONS.
The Speaker attended the Horse at one o'Clock, and, at.
tended by about 100 members, proceeded in procession to
present to the King the address of the Bailie on hie Majes-
ty's Speech. The House was adjourned till a quarter to
&Ili enact', when the Speaker aria took the Chair.
Sir R. HERON, and about eight other members, took
the oath and their sesta.
klr.. E. DUN DAS presented a petition for a Lill for the
ha prommem oPhdinburgh.—Referred to a cnmmittse.
Lord MOMPITH obtained kart to belie in the Leads
sad .Mancheiter • Ratites, Bin, the Scabbed shit Lorne
Hallway Bill, and tht Suffield mid Manchester Railiriy
•SIII. . . ;
• Lied.STASLEY obtained leave to bring Is a bill fee the
Buises-and Leigh Raney% end to amend the Baildleilet
Rail waY' A et.
•• .4141WbOlillet°111"111.1•
• Lord *MVP/MILLE ilhiseitselotifions' ANA Abell.
.dsoh 01P Anti; ktilitst chi ctattittuatia of lb. grow to
Mayouoth College.—He moved that they be primed.