Star.
London, England, 1830-05-17 00:00:00

MONDAY EVENING, MA IT 17, 1830.

N°. 13,476.

FRANCE AND ITS GOVERNMENT.
(Concluded from Tx STAR of Saturday.)

From the Reprsentant.
PUBLIC EDUCATION.
After having thus giveri an account of the sy,tem, it
remains to give an account of the men :
The Central Administration, or in other words, the offices
of the Minister Grand Master, employ about
The Staff of the University is composed of ten Members
of Council, and some fifteen Inspectors General
Each 'leadenly has a Rector, two Inspectors, a Treasurer,
a Secretary, and on an average five Professors. Wbic
makes the number of the whole amount to 270

Each Lyceum or College Royal has a Provost (Prooiseur)
who is its director, a Censor, for watching over thr
studies admitted, a Steward, six Professors of Latin and
of Greek, each having a different class, a Professor of
rhetoric, another of philosophy, three or four Professors
of mathematics, and an Almoner. Total in all these
Colleges 49s
Besides the Professors, who are only with the Pupils du.
ring the time necessary for giving their lessons, each
lyceum has five or six Under-Masters (maitre' d' etudes)
who are charged with overlooking the Pupils during
their hours both of study and of recreation, and during
their walks ....

The secondary schools established by the towns, and
which are called conansune-colkyes, arc to the number
of about three hundred. The number of the Prof esors
is proportioned to the number of scholars, and varies
consequently with the population of the towns. The
average may be taken at five Professors to a college,
besides the Director. Total . 1,800
The secondary schools established and conducted by indi.
viduals follow the same system as the preceding. The
principals of these schools, after being licensed by tha
Grand Master, cannot take into employment any Pro-
fessor without a license from the Rector of the academy
within whose district they are living, who has it in his
power to lay a prohibition on either the Professors or
the school itself. The number of these schools is about
200 • that of the Professors

The gratuitous first schools established by the govern-
ment or the communes, and conducted either by what
are called the brethren, or by the mode of mutual In-
struction, are to the number of about 1500, and the
number of the Masters about..
The first schools which are not gratuitous, established by
individuals in cities or towns, and conducted by tho
same, amount to
. .

Lastly, there is in almost all the villages a school-muter,
who is almost always the Clerk of the parish, and who
is named by the Rector of the district Academy. Their
number is about . .. .
IThe schools of law, medicine, and surgery, in the whole
of France, employ a number of professors amounting to 600
In this manner, under the minister of public educa-
tion, there appear to be 42,815 individuals employed and
paid by the Government, or who cannot exercise their
calling in life without its permission, and consequently
without being under its complete control.
MINISTRY OF FINANCE.
To give as much order as possible to the description of
this Ministry, the names will be given of the different
parts of which it is composed, and which are formed into
Directions General. These are the Treasury, Direct
Taxes, Register and Land Office Indirect Taxes, Post
Office, Customs, Local Dues, Rivers and Forests, Lot-
tery Royal, and Mortgage Office.
The number of persons employed in the offices of this Mi-
nister at Paris, independently of any of the Directions,
may be
Treasury—A Receiver General In the principal place in
each department. Total
A Receiver in the principal place in each Arrondissement 383
In every commune there is a receiver of the taxes, called
the Percepteur; but for some years past, several of
these offices have been joined into one, in order to raise
the salaries of the holders. The number of these holders
is about , 20,000
For all Inince, there are about a score of Inspectors-Ge-
neral of Finance and Inspectors of the Treasury 20
Lastly, in the principal place in each department, is a
Paymuter.General of the Treasury
The number of persons employed as receivers or cashiers
In the offices of the Receivers-General, Receivers, Pay-
masters, &c. &c. is at least sixty for each department;
and consequently for the whole of France

Total in this division
Direct Taxes. This is the name given to the taxes on
land, houses, doors and windows, and personal property
Each department has a Director and an Inspector 172
To each of the Directors is attached a number of Comp-
trollers, who reside In the different arrondissements, and
whose office is to check the lists of taxes raised in the
different communes in the department. On an average,
they may be rated at twelve to a department; which
makes for the whole of France 1,039
To this part of the finance department Is attached the di-
rection of the General Land.eurrey (endears paroel.
lairs) of France; which is a survey by the acre' of all
landed property public and private, in all the depart-
ments, for the purpose of coming at an exaet distribu-
tion of the tax. This operation, which was carried on
with great activity under the Empire, and of which every
body acknowledged the necessity, has been given up in
several of the departments. The government gives up
the completion of it, because it had a tendency to create
a necessity for justice and equality in the distribution of
the tax; which, in its opinion, is not according to the
monarchical prineipk.
The Directors, Chief Engineers, and Geometrical Ob-
, servers attached to this Survey, are to the number of
about.
The persons employed in the offices of the Directors of
the direct taxes in the departments are about ....
Total of the individuals employed in the direct taxes 2,004

It is impossible to quit this part of the subject without
saying, that this is the only part of the administration
that is well arranged, and which answers completely the
object of the government and the interest of those who
have to pay ; but unfortunately the practice of the istrri-
viduals connected with it is not in very exact accords:we
with the theory.
Register and LatteLejlee.—This brawilirbast a. Director
General, four Illaers, half a seam at lesposuas Ge-
neral, and, in the ofaa of the General Mention at Pl.
di, a number of individuals employed, amounting in
the whole to
Each Department hos a Director, an Inspector, and two
Comptrollers of Lend. Total
Each Arrondissement has a Receiver and a Registrar, for
registering all treaders and mostgagus of land, and re-
ceiving the tax upon them. Total
In the principal place in each Canton, a heceiver of the
same kind
The number of Supernumeraries, in this branch. is at lest • i 300
The Clerks and other persons in the employ of Directors itati
and Rossivers in the depart s, is about
The Stamp Duties and distribution of Stamps, in the ,
whole of France, employs about ..

Total of individuals employed in this branch 71;
Indirect Taxes.—The Bourbons when they got back
to France, called out with all their might, " No Con-
scription I No Assessed Taxes !" Just see now, bow

PRICE 71).

they kept their word. They changed the name of Con-
scription to Law for Recruiting, and the Assessed Taxes
they called Indirect Taxes. It is hard to say which did
moat harm to France, the promises, or the way they a ere
kept.
A Director-General, tcn Managers, and the same number
of Inspectors-General make what may be called thc
Head-Quarter Staff of this division ; and then. are about
two hundred and fifty Clerks in the headquarters office.
Total _ ..
A Director in the principal place is each Arrondissement
Each of these Directors has in his different offices, on an
average, six clerks or supernumeraries employed
The number of Comptrollers and Chief Clerks, for the
' whole of the Departments, is at least
After these come an army of Clerks, mounted and dis-
mounted, who make in the whole at least
The Government having kept possession of the manufac-
ture (or as it calls it by a fine word, thefabriectiins) of
snuff; this branch, with the persona engaged in watch
ing against infractions of the law, employs at least
After this come the great wholesale contractors, the little
wholesale dealers. and the retail dealers, to the number of
Lastly, there is a Receiver for each Arrondissement

271
363

2,178

1,200

12,000

4,000
383

Total of individuals employed in the Indirect Taxes
Post-Office. As in other places, a Director General, four
Managers, a Secretary General, a number of Inspectors
General, and two hundred and fifty persons in their cm-
ploy in the central administration at Paris. Total .
In the principal place in each arrondissement there is a
Director of the Post-office, and on an average two clerks.
Total
The number of agents and messengers of the Post-office
is at least
The number of Receivers or Comptrollers in the principal
places in the respective cancans, is
Lastly, the Masters of the Post-hone stations, who ate ap-
pointed by Government, and can be removed by it when-
ever it pleases, amount to at least
Total of individuals employed by, or dependent on, the
Post-office branch
gustonts—Directot-General, Managers, &c. ice. and

21,173

1,009

3,000
1,200

3,000

others in the central offices at Part
Directors in the departments, Clerks, Chief Inspectors, and
Receivers
The whole host of individuals employed in the subordi-
nate situations in the Customs
Add for the Local Dues ; that is, for the individuals em-
ployed in collecting the dues on cattle, hay, ,te. ice. at
the gates of towns. A Director-General, Managers, and
Offices
Directors

8,469