Star.
London, England, 1815-09-19 00:00:00

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TO filla [NUR 'OlO TEC STA ff. • •
tilt —An the deemed state in which Spain esonsi;
dered.!ierself is consequence of the supposed arrange-
ments made xt Bayonnt jn l 8 )8, those provinces
which were still unoccupied by tne.ferencleesrablisheel
for themselves Assemblies, under the denomination
of jeefara each supplying, in its respective d;strict,
the stipieme. authority. Thar of Sevale tak7ng the
appellation of Supuceal, sent dermties lam every part
of America, who, better to succeed in their mission,
falsely represented that the Junta of Seville was ac-
iknowleiged And eheyed thrcughout Sp tin, and re.
quired in America a similar aektrowledlmeet of its
authority, demanding possessice of the Government
Treasury, with the addition of a voluntary subscripa
Cam from the Americans. At the seine time, the
Regency established by FERDINAND at Madrid, befsre
his departure to fleet 1•111P4ILWIX AP•I wry, erhiea.
vottred likewise to obtain the neknewletl..:nent 'if its
"atitlicrity in America ; and its Ambessed es wonld
have succeeded in Carticcas, Lad net All E tgli,h ves-
sel infortmd the inL.tbitants of the actual sititution of
affairs in Spain. Still the Spaniards who held .titte
ployments in 7:IS were inclined to obey the
orders -of MeePr, when others crying out a *Long
live ressoteaCo Vit." -the mass of the notmiLutiPn
followed the :sudden impulse, ar.d the Fuetch wee
obliged in haste to quit tiie city. The momett of
freedom seemed at lengtl. to present 'itself to Ame-
rica, wearied and exhausted by three centurie3 of
continued *suffering. Spain invaded by a colessal
power, its fortress.s in 'the !tends of its enemies, ail
unity in the Government broke!), what a resottrahle
era for the emancipation of the Nev., World 1 But
the Americans were so accustomed to subjecsion, all
news from the old Continent was rives to them with
such talse colouring, the struggle of the Spanish na.
tinn appeared so digni6A, the siAtetion of the Royal
Family so lamentable, that, awed by wonder, a..d
moved by coanpassion, they lost the happy moment
for action ; and contented themselves with s'lently
forming beautiful plans for the future, ptovided the
changes of which they were apprehensive should take
place. Had South America then separated itself
from the mother country, from whence would Spain
have derived power to support such a long continued
war ?

Don N. Yruanolinai, Viceroy of Mexico, aware
of the illegality of the Junta of Seville, united in a
body the most respectable persons of the capital, and
with their joint counsel he VMS on the ere of assem-
bling the deputies of the different provinces, and sub.
mit to then, the fate of the country, when a Spanish
faction, .which had an understanding with the Ma-
gistrates who composed the audience, arraed itself;
and at midnight attacked the Palace, seized the Vice-
roy; and sent him to Spain ; replacing him by an old
weak man, who was entirely subservient to the will
of this faction.' Having thus overcome this diticulty,
the Junta of Seville was generally acknOwledged in
South A merica. One circumstance which contd.
buted to this illegal acknowledgment was the Junta
confirming ail the pawns alteady in power in C.eie
respective Isliees- The Junta Central, which was the
junction'of all the Deputies from the Provincial Go,
vernments, formed after the French invaded Spin,
next required vibe at knowledged; and the means which
the Spanish authority employed obtained this acknow-
ledgment without commotion, but not without loud
murmurs throughout the Continent, except in Quito
and Li Paz. La Paz, which was the capital of one
of those districts under the dominion of theAudienee
of Caraccas, considrrino Spain ton treble to free itself
from the power of the. French, wished to provide for
its own security; and in the„brginning of the year
1809 formed a Government for itself, composed of
many respectable persons, which was styled Junta In-
Mika. The Magistrates of Amquisaca, capital of
the Audience of Chanas, clad not oppose this motion,
but the Viceroy of 'looms Ayres sent an army for
this purpose, but. under the pretence of preset vim;
order in the City. At the same time; General GtAk•
acme marched, by order of the Viceroy of Peru,
with a numerous body of troops,. against La Paz,
whose army, commanded by General LANLAS, were
beaten, first in the Alto de la Paz, then in that part
of the country called Yeupana, about forty leagues
distant from the City. The cunquecor, GOVENEC/14
immediately proceeded to punish the Patriots, num-
bers of whom were executed in the most shocking
and ignominious manner. This had not, however,
the effect that the General expected ; fur the inhabi-
tants of La Paz became more zealous defenders of
their liberty, and more than once made the lttiyalists
of Peru feel that their patriotism ,could not be extin-
guished. The town of Quito, one of the provinces of
Smite Fe de liogata, arid capital of the Audience
which bears its name, influenced by similar motives
as La Paz, established likewise a separate Govern-
ment, in the month of August, 180, nanaing.the
Marquis Set.vA ALeoite President. The Viceroys of
Santa Fe de Bogota, and of Peru hastened to destroy
it by force of arms. The defenders of the Junta •of
Quito, after some skirmishes, yielded to the supe-
riority of arms!, and the Government was dissolved ;
but they previously received a promise crone ti:e Spa-
nish President of Quito, Conde Ruiz de Cistdla, that
the remembrance of past even:: should be totally •
'obliterated. lteg.rdless, however, of this promise, Is
great number of the Patriots were arrested, and on the
ut August in the tellowing year, pretence
of. an alarm given by the soldiers, they were mas-
sacred in the prison. Under the same pretence, the
trhopt of Lima which were stationed in the City to
preserve order, were allowed to pillage at I.leastire ;
and the number of persons literally murdered in cold
blood th at day amounted to more than Crc:: hun-
dred. In 1810 the Government of CAI c .s, which
Was then composed of the Patriots, commnnorated
the fate of these victims with funereal honoirs, equally
magnifica tit and solenin
During these struggli a the Americans were roused,
'and began to take an i‘; ive part in politics, and it
' must be owned, that in two years-they made rapid
progress. With deep interest the (Fa/scion was agi-
'Med...44 What wall become of us, should Spain
be conquered ?" The discussion of this subject
naturally bid to others of deeper importance, for they
attacked the vitals at that government which was
keeping them in subjection. Murmurs, end even
ducats succeeded these debates; and the Junta Cgs-
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