Star.
London, England, 1815-01-31 00:00:00

THE EVININGT

'

LONDON.

~...rr

TUESPAY;44'NUAAY Si, 1815.
?RICE OF STOOGE DAY AT TWELVE O'CLOCIi
;Word 554-4 pmr ClAraff—gs per Ct. Navy get
Cools 85.1—f0r status...ll—Ontaktua
falai Long Arms. Is` beds is. pre.
El:beget* BON tr.

ry the arrivalof the Rebecta, Rows, in the Clyde,
w: learn that Sir ALEXANDER COCHRAN*, with the
(cce destined against New Orleans, consisting of
.bout ten or twelve thousand troops, under General
KEAN, sailed from Negril Bay, Jamaica, on the 28th
c: November. , The run to New Orleans is generally
made in a fortnight : the force would therefore reach
I,s destination about the 12th ultimo.

...

By the latest accounts from Madrid, it appears,
that, notwithstanding the influence ofeavntans, the
arrests continued up to the 12th of this month. It
is true that some persons had been recallsit.fr94o 4
nishment—but they were cast into prison. .! ;,.. ,
At Cad;z they are busy with the Espeditinn
tended for South America. The stssres*Were on
board, and it was gspec ted to sail by the jsth
The force which it carries out is about 42,000 sm.
In the mean time a vessel has been seat off with
sealed orders for Porto Ricot Havannah, and Vera
Cruz; and the heliet at Cadiz is. that the parts in
Spanish America are to be shut against all foreign
vessels—that is, in plaits language, against the Bri-
! It will not be their blame bat Our own if this'
be submitted to : the nariverhssuA in the most une-
quivocal manner, declared !heir wishes, to have s,
free trade with England. .b.Britain to sacrifice all
her interests to the views of such a Government as
now directs the affairs of Spain ; and at a moment
too when the restraint is about to be removed from
the commerce of the United States

• ,

AMERICA. _
By New York Papen to_the 9th blatant, received.
this morning, it appears that the Americans having
Learnt chat a large force was collecting under Admi-
ral for an attack on- New Weans, were
u.'der considerable alarm for the mink .

In the STAR Of the 2Sd blatant we laid before our
Readers Numbers 1,9, 10, 11, and 12,' of the Com-
munications from the American Plenipotentiaries at
Ghent, seat to Congress on the lit of December with
a Message from President MADISON. The file from
which we gave these was imperfect; but having now
received a complete series, and the documents being
important, we shall lay before our Readers those
Numbers that were wanting. To-day we can only
insert Number 2. The others shall follow in succes-
sion as soon as We can make room t '

VIE SIINISTERS PLENIPOTENTIARY AND EXTRAORDINARY
OF THE UNITED STATES TO THE PLENIPOTENTIARIES
or MIS BRITANNIC MAJESTY.
" GHENT, AUGUST 24, 1814.
s, The undersigned, Ministers Plenipotentiary and
Extraordinary from the United States of America,
have given to the official note which they have had
the honour of receiving from his 'Britannic Majesty's
Plenipotentiaries the deliberate attention which the im-
portance of its contents required, and have now that
cf. transmitting to them their answer on the several
points to which it refers. .They would present to the
consideration of the British Plenipotentiaries, that
Lord Castlereagh, in his letter of the 4th of Novem-
ber, 1813, to the American Secretary of State, pledges
the faith of the British Government, that 4 they were
willing to enter into discussion with the Government
of America for the conciliatory adjustment of the
digacnces subsisting between the two States, with
an earnest desire on their part to bring them to a fa-
vourable issue, upon principles of perfect reciprocity,
not inconsistent with the established maxims of public
law, and with the maritime rights of the British Em-
pire.' This fact alone might suffice to :hew, that it
ought not to have been expected that the American
Government, in acceding to this proposition, should'
have extended its terms, and furnished the under-
signkd' with instructions authorizing them to treat
witb Lie British Plenipotentiaries respecting Indians
sheeted within the boundati4 14 the UniterliStates.
That such expectation was moventertained by•she
British Government might alfo*ave been inferred
from the explicit assnrapees which the British Pleni-
potentiaries gave, on the partOrtbeir Government at
the first conference which the undersigned had the ho-
nour of holding with them, that no events, subsequent
to the first proposal for this negotiation, bad, in any
manner, varied either the disposition of the British
Government, that it might terminate in a peace ho-
nourable to both parties, or the terms upon which
thertvould be willing to conclude it.
• de It is known that the differences which un-
Nipatl .stosis
t between Great Britain and the United
1 -
sobs, ;id which ultimately led to the present-war,
ivitici,eisedly of a maritime nature, arising piaci-
TA.I troitt the British orders in council, in relation
TA' fies, and from the impressment of mariners
osoa
0, board of American vessels.. The boundary of the
}adieu territory had never been a subject of difference
bretiaties she two countries. Neither the principles of
reeiproica• *qe '.* maxims of public law, nor the mari-
cue atlas of *.British Empire could require the,
peetoensot ostgaii4plent pf such boundary. The
novel pretension now. advanced weld Ito mars have
been, anticipated-by the Clottoman of do United

States) in forming instructions for this atijeklaticiii)
than they seed' to haste 4m bflheOf
Great Britain in Nottembatafai
Castlereagh's note makes the lerin*ooo of the war
to depend on a conciliatory adjustment of the diffe-
rences then subsisting between the - tiro' Stein)* and
on no other condition whatever. . •
" Nor could the American Govern's:tent have•fore-

---------
that Great Britain. in order to obtain peace for

the Indians, residing within the dominions of the
United States, whom she had induced to take part
with herin thewar, would demand that they should
be made parties to the treaty betweeithe two nations,
or that the boundaries of ,their lands should be per-
manently and irrevocably fixed by that treaty. Such
a proposition is contrary to the acknowledged print'.
plea of public lasi, and to the practice of all civilised
nations, particularly of Great Britain and the United
States. It is not founded on reciprocity. It is un-
necessary for the attainment of the object which it
Alums to have in view.
gg No maxim of public law has hitherto been mote
universally established among the powers of Europe,
l 'pessessing territories in America, lad there is none
itbt:rhich Great Britain has more • Multiemly. and in-
maimed, than that of sufteritiLio interposi-
tion of a • foreign .mower iri•she relations between,the.

lisititnowiedged Sovereign of the eteritory, Sod the 1114
OitfirmSsittiittedition it. Withoni the admission ofthis
;,principle,' there •would 411-"uo intelligible meaning at-
ptched to stipulations establishing boundaries between
the dominionsin America of civilized nations posses.
sing territnries inhabited by Indian tribes. Whatever
&lay be the relations of Indians to the aation in whose
~territory they are thus acknowledied to reside, they
cannot be considered as an independent power by the
nation which has made such acknowledgment.
• 11 That the territory of which Great Britain now
wishes to dispose is within the dominions of the Uni-
ted. States, was solemnly acknowledged by herself, in
the Treaty of Peace of 1789, which established their,
boundaries, and by which she relidquisbed all claims
to the government, proprietory and territorial rights,
within those 'boundaries. No condition respecting
the Indians residing therein was inserted in that treaty.
No stipulation similar to that now proposed is to be
found in any treaty made by Great Britain, or within
the knowledge of the undersigned by any other nation.
!, The Indian tribes for which Great Britain pro-
poses now to stipulate, have thentsel7es acknowledged
this principle. By the Greenville Treaty of 1795,
to which the British Plenipotentiaries have alluded,
it is expressly stipulated, and the condition has been
confinued by every subsequent treaty, so late as the
year 11110.--4 That the Indian tribes shall quietly en.
joy their lands, 'hunting, planting, and dwellings,
thereon, so long as• they please, without 'any molests.
tion from the United States; but that when those
tribes, or any of them, shall be disposed to sell their
lands, they are to be sold only to the United States;
that until such sale, the United States will protect all
the said Indian tribes in the quiet enjoyment of their
lands against all citizens of the United' States, and
against all other white persons who intrude,, op:
same ; and that the said Indian tribes again acknow-
ledge themselves to be under the protection of the said
United States, and of no other power whatever.'
" That there is no reciprocity in the proposed sti-
ptilation is evident., in prohibiting Great Britain
and the United States from purchasing lands within
a part of the dominions of the latter power, while it
professes to take from Great Britain a privilege which
,she bad not, it actually deprives the linked States of
:Aright exclusively belonging to them.. The proposi.
tion is also utterly unnecessary for the purpose of
obtaining a pacification for the Indians residing within
the territories of the United States. The undersigned
have already had the honour of informing the British
Plenipotentiaries that, under the system of libaal
policy adopted by the United States in their relations
with the Indians within their territories, an oninter;
rupted peace had subAsted from the year 1795, not
only between the United States and all those tribes,,
but also amongst those tribes themselves, for a longer
period of time than ever bad been known since the
'first settlement 'of North America.. Against those
'lndians the United States have neither interest nor
inclination to. continue the war. They. have nothing
Asa- askof them but peace. Commissioners on their

part have been appointed to conclude it, and an ar.
mistice was at;ually made last autumn with most of
those . tribes. The British Govenutient may 04
have induced some of them to take d.oer side at
war, but peace with them will necessuolls hal
mei:Lately a peace with Great Britaiitise r _
“ To a provisional article, similar 40 whet has.hesel
stipulated in some former treaties, engegiegthateneh
party will treat for the Indiana withwits torriigitteri
include them in the peace, and use ilstbes_tondarowit
to prevent them from committing IMKihties,epieg
the citizens or subjects of the Oda* party, the nod*,
signed might assent. and rely-oaths approbation and
ratification of their Government. They would also,
for the purpose of securing the duration, of pe ace,
and to prevent collisions which might iateleuptst, pro.
pose a stipulation which should pentode the sebj
let
or citizens of each nation, respectively, from tradi
with the Indians residing in the territory of the other.
But to surrender both the rihts of sovereignty and of
soil over nearly one of the territorial dominions
of the United States to a number of Indians not pro-
bably exceeding 20,000, the undersigned are so far
from being instructed or authorized► that they assure
the British Commissioners, that any arrangement
for that purpose waft be instantaneously rejected by
their government.
14 Not only has ...wordiory dem

Itra=diaVY iheile4,bees

made a sine Om non, to be admitted without a discus-
" mit 11.*•Preliminaty basis...buck is accompa-
raiedljtratialt* equally inadmissible, which the Bri-
tish Hadipotentiaries• state to be so connected With. it.
that they may 'reasonably infhtente the decision of the
undersigned open it, yet leaving them uninformed
howler these other demands may also be insisted OR.
as indispensable conditions of a peace. As little are
the undersigned instructed or employed to accede to
the propositions of the British Government, in rela-
tion:ta the military occupation of the NVesterri Lakes.
If they have found the proposed interference of Gre it
Britain in the concerns of Indians residing within the
United States utterly incompatible with any esta-
blished maxim of public law. they are no less at a
loss to diicover hy what rule of perfect reciprocity the
United States can be required to renounce their equal
right of maiotaining anaval force upon those Lakes,
and of fortifyi their own shores, while Great Bri-
tain resertas eiWitsively the corresponding rights to
kerseg. )
44 !niacin point.of military preparation Great Bri-
tain, in her possessions in Noah America, ever has
heft-in a condision•to ba termed. with propriety, the
weaker power, in eompavison with the United States,
the anderskgned .believe, to be incorrect in point of
fact. In regard ta the fortification of thushores, and
to the forces actually kept . foot upon those iron-
' tiers, they believe the superiority to have always been
lon the side of Great Britain., if. by the proposal to
dismantle the forte upon her shores, strike for ever her
military flag upon her lakes, and lay her whole fron-
tier defenceless in the presence of her armed and for-
tified neighbour, had proceeded, not from Great Bri-
tain to the United States, but from the United States
to Great Britain, the undersigned may safely appeal
to the bosoms of his Britannic Majesty's Plenipoten-
tiaries for the feelings with which, not only in regard
to the interests, but the honour of their nation ;
they would have received such 'a proposal. What
would Great Britain herself say, if, in relation to ano.
thee frontier, where she has the acknowledged supe-
riority of strengh, it were proposed that she should
be Deduced to a condition even of equality with the
United States.

u The undersigned further perceive, that under the
alledged purpose of opening a. direct communication
petween two of the British provinces in America, the
British Government require a cession of territory
forming a part of one of the States of the American
union, and that they propose, without purpose speci-
fically *Hedged, to draw the boundary-line westward,
not from the Lake of the Woods, as it now is, but
from Lake Superior. It must be perfectly immate-
rial to the United States, whether the object of the
British Government, in demanding the dismember.
ment of the:United States is to acquire territory, as
su.ch, or for purposes less liable, in the eyes of the
world, to be. ascribed to the desire of aggrandise-
ment. Whatever the motive maybe, and with what-
ever consisseacy.views of conquest may be disclaimed
while demanding for herself, or. for the Indians, a
cession of territory more extensive than the whole
island of Great Britain, the duty marked out for the
undersigned is the same. They have no authority
to' cede any part of the territory of the linked States,
and to no stipulation to that effect will they subscribe.
.4 The conditions proposed by Great Britain have
aso relation to the subsisting, differences between the
awn countries, they ate inconsistent with asknow.
lodged ptiaciples of public laws they arc founded
neither on reciprocity nor on any of the usual bases of
negociation, neither-on that of the eti sturirldir, or of
,situ: ante kilns ; they would inflict the tarot vital in-
jpry on the United States, by dismembering their
territory, by arresting their natural growth and in-
crease of population, and by leaving their northern
and western frontier equally exposed to British inva-
sion and to Indian aggression i they are, above all,
dishonourable to the United States, in demanding,
from them to abandon territory and a portion of their
Citizens, to admit a foreign interference in their do.
mestic concerns, and to cease to exercise their natural
rights on their own shores and in their own waters.
—A treaty concluded en such terms would be but
.m armistice. It cannot be supposed that America
would long submit to conditions so injurious and de-
grading. It is impossible, in the natural course of
events, that she should not, at the first favourable op-
portunity, recur to arms for the recovery of her terri-
tory, of her rights, of her honour. Instead of settling
existing differences, such a peace would only create
new causes of war, sow the seeds of a permanent ha-
tred, and lay the foundation of hostilities for an inde-
finite period.
u -Essential] from her ditical institutions,

—.wanly pacific _
from the habits of her citizens, from her physical
tuation, America reluctantly engaged in the war.—
She wishes for peace; but she wishes for it upon those
terms of reciprocity, honourable to both countries,
which can alone render it permanent. The causes of
the war between the United States and Great Britain
having disappeared by the maritime pacifiCation of
*Europe, the government of the United States doei
,not desire to continue it, in defence of abstract prin-
ciples, which have, for the present, ceased to have
any - -" effect. -

, practical
44-The undersigned have been accordingly instruct-
ed tb agree to its termination, both parties restoring
whatever territory they may have taken, and both
reserving .all their rights, in relation to their respec-
tive souses. To make the peace between the two
nations solid and permanent, the undersigned were
elsoinstracted, and have been prepared to enter into
theamicable discussion of all those points on which
differences or uncertainty had existed, .gad which
might hereafter tend in any degree whateirer to in-
terrupt- the harmony of the two countries, without,
however, making the conclusion of the peace at all
depend upon a successful result of the discussion.
theeeforeowith deepregnt, that the under-
signed ,have seen that other vows are entertained by
the British Government, and that new and unexpected
pretensions, are raised, which, if persisted in, must
oppose an insuperable .obtack to a pacification. It
is not necessary to refer such demands to the Annuli.
can Government for its instruction ; they will Only
be a fit subject of deliberation, when it becomes ne-
oessary te decide upon the expediency of an • absohite
surrender of National Independence.
!I The undersigned request the British Plenipoten-
tiaries to, accept •the assurance of their high considera-
(SiVed) "JOHN 411thiCIEY
• "H. CLAY, •
• • !.aoLtrpus HUIB*LL. aA. OALIATIit."
" TO elm Plenipotentiaries Obis Britannic Majesty; lice.