Star.
London, England, 1805-09-13 00:00:00

NAUTICAL INTELLIGENCE.

MAILS THIS DAYr.Wind W. S. W.
ARR. DM All. DUI
bubiill I i Hamburgh 0 3
'W ate rf u rd 1 z Gottenburgh o s
Lilbon 0 0

PENZANCE, SEPT. M.—Since my laa arrived and
lltiled again on a cruize, his Majefly's armed cutter
JOIN BULL. Arrived the Dolphin revenue cutter
J,Hs, and remains. Sailed the Drake cutter, FEll-
SIS, for Weymouth ; the Nancy, EDWARDS ;—the

s,lena, Cot-ct NS ; and the Ayr, GRENFELT, fur Swan-
fea ; and this morning the floop Tartar from Cork,
with butter, &c. for Falmouth and Plymouth.
PLYMOUTH, SEPT. t I.—Came in the ./Eot.us, of
sz guns, with a fleet of vietualler:, from the Chan-
nel Fleet.

POSTsMOUTH, SFPT. 12.—Arrived his Majefly's
p LIL, Captain WALKER, from the North Sea
._ • _

and the BARBADOES (formerly la Braave), Captain
NoußSE,from the Weft Indies. She parted (it is faid)

f-om the homeward hound fleet, in a gale of vt int.!, off
the Banks of Newfoundland on the 23th ult. A large

114, under Priiffian colours, is tent in by the DAR-
• 5, and put under quarantine at the Niotherbank
Ntcsou is not yet come down. The Diadem

armed (hip, with 9 fail of tranfports, are ordered for

the Downs.—Winn N. W.
D7m., &rt.. 12.—Sailed this day for the River,
the Gleton, Neptune, Alnwick Cattle, Waltham-
flow, Lord, Cafllcreagh, Royal Charlotte, Ocean,
Lady Jane Dundas, Cirencener, Thames, Taunton

. .
Ca Lady Burgers, Experiment, And Alexander

Call-India (hips ; alfo, the Ai-intim:6, of 64 guns,
lc:- the Nore ; Snipe gun brig, for Yarmouth ; UR A-
N:E frigate for Spithead, and the Ttufly, Railleur,
Hermes, and Speedy floops of war, Volcano bomb,
r senior', Bloodhound and Sparkler gun brigs, on a
c-uize off Boulogne.
CHATHAM, SEPT. 13.—Tuefday his Majetty's (hip'..
THESEUS, came up to Longreach, where fhe was
ftript ; and on Thurfday was all ready for warping
up to Chatham. The exertion to get the hair ready
for favice is unparalleled, (he is now coppered and
s• !li ncme out of Dock next Springs. The Alkmaar
did not run aground going, down on Monday, as
fisted in our lall, but from Ler being fo deeply la-
e.cn, they were obliged to let, go an anchor, as the (hip
yid not anfwer her port helm fufficiently quick.

A party of Royal Marines march this day, from
hence to Woolwich, to form the new divilion. The
Staff is completely appointed.

YAYMOUTH, SEPT. 12.—Yeflerday P. M. arrived
from Gottenburgh the Auckland packet, Captain
T:fomas BRIDGE, with mails ; the packet has this
morning failed for Harwich, to attend duty. Ad•
rniral Sir HEART DOUGLAS is espeded here this day,
to hoifi his flag on board the ROEBUCK, of 44 guns,
Capt. Miltirmsy.—Wind S. W.
FROM LLOYD'S LIST.

GI% AVVEND, SEPT. ta...-Paffed by the Fame, Bzker, and the
Sir William Benffey, —, from Bengal; Recovery, Georgiana,
and the Ganges, from the South Seas; Robert and Sarah, Wilfon,
from Tonn:ngen ; John, Langley ; Ifabella, Lamb; Jane, Scott ;
Peggy. Chapman, and •he Meaburn, Mealourn, from Quebec;
and Uriana,. Warren, from ArchangeL—Sailed the Thirutatus,
.---, for Varell ; St. Patrick, Campbell, and the W;lliam,
tl.Crea, for Bettaft; Dolphin, Ratinbladt, for Gotteubtirg ;
Lootm-n, Gerdes, and the Vrow Margaretlica, Brake, for Too-
ninzen.

ARI:WED—In Standgate Creek, the Polen Baum, from
Leghorn ; and the Hope, Peterfon, from Naples. Off DoYer,Al-
fred, Patch, from Virginia ; and the Shannon,. Daniels, from 1.1.
rnerick. At Briffol, Atalanta, from Q..!ebee. At Liver.
pool, Warren, Booth, from Quebec; Fanny, Connell, from Jamai-
ca ; Venus, Andrews, from New Orleans ; Providence, Smith,
from Gibraltar t Bath, Sandliam, from Maffac,hufetts ; Two Bro-
thers, Miller, from Riga ; and the George, Williams, from New
York. In the Clyde. Ardent, erofthvraite, from New York. At
New York, Omit, front London ; Chatham, Warren;
Loral, Broker ' • and the Pallas, —, from Liverpool. At Bof-
tun, Prefident, Boyd, from Liverpool. At New Orleans, Comet,
--, from Liverpool. At Newfoundland. Hippocampie,--..
from Liverpool. At Viana, Difpatels, Ford, from Newfoundland.
At St. Helena, Maria Caroline, Stedman, from China. At Poole,
Harmony, Payne, from Newfoundland.
The Lilly maft.fhip, arrived at Halifax, from Bay
of Fundy, 28th July, and expedled to fail in a few
days, in company with the brigantines Experiment,
Trimmer, and Trolly, for Jamaica, under convoy of
his Majefty's (hip MERMAID.
The Hamlet, —, from Liverpool for Virginia,
is on !bore near the King's Dock, Liverpool.
The Clip Admiral Gardner, Capt. SA L'EW F I. L, (Mt.
ward bound, had arrived at St. Helena previous to
the 2.oth of July lall.
The (hip Indus, Captain Wm.:Dori, failed from
Madras on the 23d of April, and arrived at the ifland
of St. Helena on the 2oth of July laft.
Sir EDWARD PELLIw has in contemplation a plan
for forming fome light veffels on a new conftruainn,
which will render effential fervice to Linn in his grand
defign of blockading the file of France.
Lens OF THE BnDDINGTON.--Arefterday the Bo&
dington Weft lndiaman (a very fine fhip) of Soo tons,
was wrecked near Blackwall, in attempting to enter
the Well India Docks. This (hip had a rope fixed
to a Swedilh merchant (hip, kill below the entrance
of the Docks, which rope giving way, the Bodding.
ton fwung upon the Rock of Blackwall, where every
attempt to get her up has as yet proved ineffetlual.
They cut away her math, Bcc. but her cargo (which
4 very conhderable) will be totally ruined.

Thee who will not, when Fortune offers,
Hold to her band their empty coffers,
Allay well lament when others Baia
What they've negleCted to obtain.

The golden opportunity afforded by the prefent
Lottery of gaining a princely fortune for a fmall ad-
venture, is Web as none &add neglea. This Lot-
terv, of comparatively a fmall number of Tickets,
poffefT.:, in great Prizes One Hundred and Thirty Mon-
/and!ouzels! ! in (malt Prizes A inety ihorfand
Pound, ! ! and gives for Blank: Thirty Thoufand
P.ilmeit I The diftribution of thofe Capital sums
will begin on the 30th of the prefent moutu,

THE POLITICAL MAP OF EUROPE.

LETTER IV.

Sir—Having pointed out in my lafl letter, the evil
effeds of our inattenion to the principles of the balanc-
ing fyftem, it may not be amifs to particularize the
inftances wherein the remands of the Continental
powers has contributed to furnifh encouragement to
the aggrandifement of France. For this purpofe we
ought to keep our eyes fleadfafily fixed on the Map
of Europe previous to the French revolution, and
contrail it with the Map of France fince the Treaty
of Luneville. The power of France was flationary
from the peace of Fontainhlean, in 1762, until the
rupture with the continental Rates in 1792. During
thole 3o years, that nation never manifefted any dif-
polition for the revival of the ambitious projea of
univerfal empire, with which it had been juftly re
poached in the days of Lewis XIV.. The American
war is no exception to this truth ; for, notwithfland-
ing the fplendour with which the French navy role
from its ruins, and the efforts that were fuccefsfully
made by the Court of Verfailles to wren out of our
hands, our Trans-Atlantic poffeffions ; yet, thefe ef-
forts were directed rather by the defire of weakening
the power of its ancient rival, than of acquiring a do-
minion that fhould prove dangerous to the refl of
Europe. It was an endeavour to wipe away the deep
humiliation which France had incurred at Fontain-
bleau. I am, therefore, juflified in affuming that in
hat interval of 3o years, from 1762, until the com-
mencement of the revolution war, the power of
France was flationary ; fufficiently formidable
to command the 'Tilted: of its neighbour., and to in-
lure its own independence.
Very different, however, were the views and rela-
tive fituation of France, for a century previous to the
WI of thole epochs: From the treaty of Weflphalia
and from the Pyrenean, to the accetlion of KingWiL•
LlAtt to the Britiffi throne, the power and ambition
of France had growr. up together, and had become
exorbitant. No efforts had been made fufficient to
reduce, fcarce any fufficient to refill her power : no
meafures had been concerted, no preparations had
been made, to difappoint her ambition in that
great obj: ft, the acquifit ion, of the Spann Monar-
chy to the Houfe of BOURBON. From the aced.-
fion of King WILLIAM. this alarm was taken; the
fpirit of our Court was-changed ; the eyes of our peo-
ple were opened; and all men law how neceffary it was
to preferve, in concert with the Spaniards, the fuc-
ceffion of their monarchy to the Houfe of AUSTRIA,
inflead of fuffering it to .fall into that of BOURBON,
which was excluded from it by the moll folemn en-
gagements. The fyftem which was then adopted,
and which was continued with vigour, by the fuc-
ceffors of King WI LLt Alif, was railed upon the balls
of maintaining in its full integrity, the balance of
power ; one of the principal parts of which confined
in preventing an union of France and Spain under
one monarch, and confequently, in oppoling as much
as pnflib'e the influence of the former over the latter.
The feparation of the Spanifh from the Imperial
crown, and the difputes which followed between
the courts of Madrid and Vienna, refßeding the do-
minion of Italy, finally threw Spain into the arms of
France. For the family compad, which refulted
from the relationfhip between the two branches of the
houfe of Botranom, and which fo clofely united them,
was a circumflance accidental and fubordinate to the
former. From the moment of her feparation from Auf-
tria, Spain became a dependant on France, by which
the has ever fince been ruled. It was not therefore
the tail will of CHARLES 11. which routed all Europe
to arms, fa much as the apprehenfion, that from the
union of France and Spain, Lewis was laying the
foundation of a future dominion over all Europe.—
On this account we perfevered in the reign of Queen
Am 2, during the grand alliance war, to ftruggle
againft the influence of France, until by the petty in-
trigues of a bed-chamber woman, the great men,
who formed the glorious and fuccefsful adminiftra-
lion of thofe times, were difmilred from their nations.
It was then that Lawts broke off the Congrefs of Ger-
truydenberg, at which he had offered to renounce his
connection with Spain, becaufe he was aware, that
[the new Miniflers of the Qtyen were refolved at all
hazards to conclude a peace, for the fake of fecuring
their places.

There never was any event in the annals of this
country attended with more difgraceful confequences
to England, or followed by more fatal effe.ts to Eu.
rope in general. After having waged war againft
France for twenty•five years, with a very fhort inter-
val between them; after having (trained every nerve
to defeat the fcheme of ambition which fhe had opened
to berfelf, and of danger to all her neighbours, by the
Pyrenean Treaty, the Peace of Utrecht left her as
powerful as before ; and the two branches of the
Houk of BOURBON, like the two branches of the
Houle of AuSTRIA in the preceding century, became
infeparable allies, united by blood and by joint am-
bition. Thus, a hafe intrigue in our Cabinet, fo.
mented and encouraged by the machinations of the
French Court, defpoiled us of the faireft opportunity
that ever prefented itfelf for humbling the power
of and iliffolving the,connexion between France and
Spain. The confequences were forefeen and deplored
by thofe ftatefmen who underfluod their country's in.
tereft ; and by none more fully thin the illuitrious
Duke of MAILLBOI:OUGH : " If," faid he• in one of

his letters to Sir Roan? Wiitrote, el thefe new
fchemers are fond of a peace, they are not very der
terous ; for, moft certainly, what is doing in Eng.
land will be a great encouragement to France for the
continuing the warp'*
Notwithftanding-the feducive fophiftry of Bort NG
BROKE, and the prrenfions of Halt Lar, both of whom
endeavoured to impofe the belief that upon the death
of the nivel or Jos E PH, fame of the principal allies
would not confent that his brother and fucceffor the
Archduke CHAR t us, thould be Emperor of Germany
and King of Spain (the argument which thofe Mini-
tiers alledged to prove the neceffity of a peace). yet
it is plain, that the difinclination• of thofe allies to
carry on the war, arofe from their want of confidence
in thole men, who had fupplanted an adminiftration
which had refolutely and fuccefsfully ftruggled to
reduce the power of Prance. The terms that Law.,
offered at Gertruydenberg, are tatting evidences of
the fart. For the change had no fooner taken place
in the. miniftry, than the manly tone and high de-
termination. of our Councils underwent an ignomi-
nious change. The lullaby Song of Peace was
warbled by the new Minifiers, and re-echoed by
the people. Our Papers, Political Trails, and
Parliamentary Speeches, opened their inveftives
againft the ambition, bigotry, and felfifbnefs, of
the houfe of Aufiria, our natural ally ; and teemed
with the c,intemptible cant of the magnitude of the
public debt, the burthen of taxes, the ezhanftion of
our refnurces, and the reit of the Hate category of
popular impoftures, by which the ambitious have too
often deceived the good fenfe of a brave and high-
minded people. Events loon proved the filthy of
thefe notions ; fur the quadruple alliance, and all the
fubfcquent quarrels that fpeedily followed after each
other, owed their origin to, and were meant to re-
pair the mifadventure of the difgraceful peace of
Utrecht.
From this detail, we may eafily trace the origin,
and account for the prorefs of that influence which
France, to this hour, ezercifes over Spain. That it
cannot be afcribed to the family compaft, every one
muft acknowledge who recolleets that that compact
;vas dill'ulved in 1793, under circumftances of com-
plicated infult and outrage to every branch of the
Houle of BOURBON, as well as of impending danger
to Spain herfelf. Yet, notwithftanding this danger,
and in the face of thofe tragedies, the deepeft that
ever were ailed upon the blood-Rained theatre of hu-
man affairs, in which the life blood of the head of
the BOURBON line was poured out to gratify the fan-
guinary zeal of demagogues affecting the character
of Republicans, and the left male defcendant of an-
other inflations branch of the BOURBONS fell by a
midnight murder, under the bullets of a Corfican
Adventurer, aping Royalty, and ufurping the throne
of his legitimate fovereign ; we have beheld the Ca-
binet of Madrid, abandoning all her family regards,
laying her treafures at the feet of the bloody and re-
bellious regicide, facrifice her commerce, expofe her
coatis and habours to the arms of England, rifle and
lofe her fleets by fighting the battles of the enemy
and affaffin of her houfe, and receive inftruftions of
policy and government from his Jacobin reprefenta-
tive. But even thefe are not the loweft humiliations
of the Spanifh branch of the Houfe of 800 Raton. As
the price of his degradation, the Sovereign of Spain
and of the two Indies, has gratefully received for his
fon, and repaid with fealty and fervice the boon of a
crown which the ufurper has been gracioufly pleafed
to confer upon him, out of the offals of the fpoils of
Italy.
Amid(' the languor and vicitGtudes of human
power, has ever any country appeared in fuch an
abjea [late ? Amidft the intenfe perverfity of the af-
fairs of Europe, can any reafonable motive be affign-
ed for this egregious impolicy, this lafting flame
and profanation of all national honour ? Why
(tumid crouching fervility fupply the place of honeft
indignation ? It may be urged, that the vicinity of
France to Spain, and the diftance of the latter from
the reft of Europe, mutt make her dependent on
France. To this I anfwer, that tittle very circum.
(lances (abftrafting the confederation of there moral
and political caufes which have funk into debility
that once far famed country) are the moll natural
motives for the exiftence of perpetual jealoufy be-
tween them. It is this fame plea of vicinity, which
nonrifhes the jealoufy between Auftria and Pruffia ;
which has caufed, and will, I troll, for ever, keep
it up between every true-born Engli(bman and the
(late of France. This argument, therefore, will not
apply to the cafe before as ; and we are now con.
ftrained to account for the political phenomenon
upon other grounds.
In all defpotic monarchies, the profperity of a Rate
depends almoft entirely on the individual character of
the fovereign or his Minifters. If the Prince be ditlia-
guifhed by a capacity for the alts of government, and
he exerts it, or, if from indolence of any other caure,
the Rate be entruQed to able Minifters, the chance is
that the people will be well governed. But, if either
from incapacity, or, what is as bad, indifference to
public affairs, the government Should wholly devolve
upon a court minion, devcid of talents, and ezperi
axe, railed from the lowa order of the time, and
having no other pretentions upon the confidence of
the public, than the rays of royal favour w oh which
he is encircled ; it mutt follow that he be mailer
• Vide the Original Correfpondence, in the fecund volume of
Cords Manoin of big& Walpole, p.

both of king and people, and the chance is that

the intereas of both will be facrificed. Denmark

is a ftriking prcof of the one; and Spain is a de-
plorable inftance of the other.
It is foreign from my purpofe to difcufs the
abitrat queltion of defpotic Government ; becaufe,
in truth, with the exception of the Government of

BONA►ARTE, there i 3 not one flute in Europe, not

even Turkey, which is not furniffied with tome kind
of check, whether derived from ancient ufages, reli-
gious opinions, or intermediate arilloeracies, to the
esercife of #bfolute delpotifm. This falutary con-
troul relates, principally, to the internal adminißra-
tion of a Rate, and comprehends only what concerns

the civil condition of the people. In this fenfe, the
defpotic Government of Spain (if I may be allowed

to ufe a term apparently contradi&ory to the pt
pie), is not without its hereditary rellraints. But,
with regard to foreign policy, I know of no autho-
rity in Spain capable of intercepting the will of the
Monarch, or his Minifiers. This, then, is 01.1 ground

from which I !hall explain the prefent loathfome
and unnatural connexion between France and Spain.
The King of Swat, it is well known, is not in a
fituation to direa his own affairs, much lefs thofe of
his country*. He has been long governed by an up-
ftart, who is not lefs uninftruaed in public affairs,

than infolent in power. The conduit of this Mini-
fter has slifgufted all the ancient Nobility, and the

only mean he polkas of setaining his influence

and authority, is, by holding them in perpetual dread
of the friendly intervention of a French army, which'

they are convinced are ready to obey his fummons.

Impreffed with this apprehenfion, we cannot wonder
that the once high•tninded Caftilians fbould fubmit to
the yoke. Of two evils, they have chnfen the one which
feemslefs difaßrous ; and thus the Prince of Peace, by
playing off Franceagainft the Spanifh Nobles, has con-

folidated hia own power upon the wrecks of the inde-
pendence of his country. This is not the &II inilance
in the hiftory of mankind, wherein the welfare of a
whole people has been wantonly facrificed to the ca-
price. refentments, or jealotify of a Court Favourite.
It is well known, that even in England, during the
reigns of JAMES I. and CH Mt Lt s I. the Duke of Bo cx-
INGHAM, who was the favourite of both, not only tram-
pled the old nobility under his feet, but had attained
fuch an afcendancy over the minds of his Mailers,
that he adually ruled the land. With the fame
profligate felfilhnefs that marks the conduit of the
Prince of Peace, he involved this country in two

wars, equally wafteful, unneceffary, and diCallrous.
Between thefe two charafters there is a ftriking re-
femblance.

It may therefore be Paid, with truth, that to the
Prince of Peace Spain is indebted for its.humiliation,
its difhonour, and its difaders. In his turn he is the

tool of the French, and as long as his influence pre-
vails in the Cabinet of Madrid, we mull not expert
that any other than forcible means will induce Spain
to return into the line of policy that her true lute- •
refts require. If we were to adopt the example of
BONAPALTS, we might appeal to the principles of
honour that are fo much cherithed in Spain, and en-
deavour to divide the Government and people, as was
done by that Ufurper in the cafe of Sweden. But it
is not for this nation to imitate ,the maxims of a law.
lefs Tyrant. We mutt recur to the policy of our
anceftors, and to the fyftem of the balance of power,
which Come politicians would expinde as vifionary,
Whenever they difcovercd that France and Spain
were in alliance, they ftrengthened their canneaions
with Holland, and by forming an alliance with that
power, they ftrove to balance towards the North
the increafe of power which France had acquired in
the South.
But Holland is alfo the ally cf France. True, but
it is an unnatural alliance, and upheld by force only.
The importance of our recovering the ancient friend-
Chip of Holland, is, relatively, of much greater mag-
nitude to us, than the triendthip of Spain can be to
France. For, through the medium of Holland, our
communications with the red of Europe were con-
ftant, and not liable to interruption. To this we mutt
likewife add, the fimilarity of the purfuits, habits.
and religion of both countries. With France, the
Dutch cannot co-operate heartily ; their principles
are in perpetual hottility ; their very thoughts are
as diftin& as light from darknefs. They have coo, a
thoufand motives to make them defirous of emanci-
pation; the bitter recollation cf their former re-
nown, the fenfe of their pretent fufferings, and the
mote dreary profpeit of futurity.
_lf it be alledged that all this is mere fuppofition,
and that if the Dutch were really ditcoivented, they
might more plainly manifell their abhorrence cf their
oppreifors, by riling up in arms ag.siiiii them ; I an.
fwer, that they who reafon in this mode betray great
ignorance, not only of human nature, but likewife of
the charaler and geographical politton of Holland.
How can the Dutch expel an army fittingly encamp-
ed on the molt advantageous pofitions in their pro-
vinces, or occupying their ftrongett holdF, and more
numerous than their native forces, as well as capable
of being fupported by legions of Frenchmen, qua,.
' tered in their neighbourhood ? Holland mutt there-
fore be refcued from Cot fican tyranny by foreign force
alone; and when that than have been effedcd, and
not before, there will indeed be a rational pfulpeel of
the fpeedy deliverance of Europe.
Having thus inquired into the conditions of the
two nations, .which form the wings of the French
empire, and (hewn their relative value to our coun-
try, I Wall now proceed to the matt important part
of my fubjed—the State of France, and the means
of reducing her power. Aral univis we become the.
roughly acquainted with the gmius, policy, and re-
fources of the enemy with whom we are at war, it
cannot be expeiled that we Shall make any confider.
able progrefs in obtaining fccio:;;•, tor our neighbours
or ourfelves. WALSINGtI66I.
• When the Auftrian Minifter, Cobentrel, bad his tirft audi-
ence of the King or :vain, his Niajcity le.iii,al from his Chair of
State, end cut an eni,e•chep in the air. 'llse tr.! re A Atrial)
anerwards oblerved, that the King of Spain had - ' -
mate mode of receiving hint, as it was out
turn the conyltrucut,having never learnt to

"1111

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