The Sun.
London, England, 1842-03-08 00:00:00

comber inclusive.

"It was believed that, immediately on the return of
Sir Henry Pottinger to Macao (which was momentarily
expected), a new demonstration would be made against
Canton, the inhabitants of which had again violated the

treaty. •
" The Erigone had arrived at Macau on the Stb

December."

The loss of so many brave officers in Cabool and
Affghanistan is a dreadful bloW to the. groWing ascend•
amy of the British power on the Indus: Besides the
great distance between our Anglo-Indian territory ant')
Cabool, there is every thing to be apprehended from
the dangers of the route, and the hostile tribes inhabiting
the whole line of march, to render it next to impos•
sible for us to wreak immediat-) vengeance upon the
Murderers' of persons clothed in the sacred characters
of the representatives of our Sovereign at the Court ol
a friend and ally of this country. The first duty of the
Indian Government will now be to save the remains of
our army in Cabool. Previous accounts assured us that
Sir It. SALE'S position was exceedingly critical, and an
apprehension prevailed that unless speedily relieved, the
troops would be compelled to capitulate—thus risking
the almost terrible certainty of a general massacre.
We must await the arrival of the mails before offering
any comment upon the news front China.

Owing to the comparatively tranquil state of Irelanc
both in the south and north, for some years past,
to
friends of that country began to indulge the hope that a
reign of. bigotry was drawing to a close, anti with
those cruel feuds and savage deeds which have so b,n
afflicted a generous people. The tal,, however, whit!
M:. O'CONNELL related in the House last night forbid
smile a conclusion. The deed to which it refers is a
exenwlification of the most 1- trocious description
lynch-law, and that deed, too, to the disgrace of th
p trties, is sanctioned by a Protestant Jury, sworn to d
justice between man and man. A Roman Catholic, i
appears, had quarrelled with an Orangeman in th
north of Ireland, a friend cf the former interfered t,

pacify the combatants, and for this praiseworthy tr.t.
he was set upon by a party of Orangemen, to the -number
of forty, possessed of fire-arms, who 'pursued him fruit-
one place of retreat to another, and having dragged him,
at last out of a lime-kiln where he had takca refuge,
instantly put him to death. Some of the murderers
were brought to trial, and when acquitted by an Orange
Jury, contrary to the evidence and the - summing
up of the Judge, the hall of justice resounded with
shouts of "To hell with the Pope." Even Lord
ELIor, the present Tory Secretary for Ireland
admitted that he- was at a loss to eunceiv,
on what grounds 'the Jury hal rested their ver-
dict, and expressed great regret at the result. lie well
might express regret at a scene enacted in a Christian
land which -could- hardly- be surpassed by the. most
savage barbarians, because it shows that the voice o
truth is drowned amidst party strifes, that the worst
pass'ons of the human Mind are excited under the garb
of religiOn, and that the power of the law, iu such cases,
to detect and punish crime is a mere mockery.. Earl DE
GREY, 3 man of an amiable disposition and of the most
upright conduct, no. doubt is shodied by such proceedings,
but he must know well that, these party riots in the north
have greatly increased since his accession to office, and
that the Orangemen have returned to their lawless habits,
from a belief that their deeds will be winked at, as they
were under the" Old fire-and-sword system. The LORD
LIEUTENANT, therefore, in order to maintain his dignity,
and preserve peace, has only one course to pursue—strict
and impartial justice. Let him call to account the Ma-
gistrates who allowed dangerous assemblies of armed
people in a time of peace, and among a portion of their
fellow-subjects,
.whom they hate more than the
most hostile foreigner. If these Magistrates
have winked at such outrages, or failed in carrying the
law into effect, others can be found to supply their places.
And is not the fact of one party being armed and the
other not, the best proof that justice is partially admi-
nistered ? Such an invidious distinction, and especially
when such use is made of it, cannot fail to excite the
'worst feelings among .Catholics not only against Orange-
men, but against the Government. If Earl DE GREY,
therefore, wishes to be in reality the Governor of Ire-
land, let Lim throw to the winds all party prejudices, and
use his power, not for the supremacy of one section, but
for the equal protection of all her Majesty's Irish subjects.

A notice has been placed on the books of the House
of Commons by the Member for Argyllshire for the ap-
pointment of a Select Committee " to consider the Con-
stitution and principles of the Church of Scotland, and
to inquire into the causes of the collision baween the
Supreme Courts of that Church and the Supreme Civil
Courts." Now when the Government find that the ques-
tion is-to be brought forward by Mr ALEXANDER CAMP-
BELL, the nominee of the Doke of ARGYLL, known for
only one act of his -life, the concoction of an Anti-
Patronage Bill, which satisfied even the " wild men,"
they will no doubt be on their guard against the cunning
deviceS that lurk under the motion. What occasion is
there for any such inquiry ? The causes of the collision
between the civil and ecclesiastical powers have been
already fully inquired into, both by the Court of
Session and the House of Lords, which found
that the collision took place through the reckless
and unskilful conduct of the • Church ; and, there-
fere, pronounced for
,the State. The object of the
parties, knowing to what a low depth they are brought
in the north, is to excite the public mind, not
only by giving evidence before a Committee,
but by harangues throughout England, for which
a great number of Missionaries aro about to
start. We trust, therefore, that Sir RoDERT PEEL
will see through the trick, and at once negative
the motion. The main purpose of it can be

;no other than to increase the power of the Kirk
- - - • • - -

-which Sir JAMES GRAHAM, thinking it already too
great, must be anxious to diminish. The law as it
stands is amply sufficient for the settlement of the
tineetion.

We really cannot see any great good that is likely to
be gained by mooting so often the question of the claims
of France to the possession of Algiers. Were a war
probaNe, some moral advantage might be derived iron:
an appeal made by a Power which had' 'never recognized
the usurpations of fraud and 'foree; .but when it is not
intended to eesist the aggression, ir)eoptile. had better hold
their tongues about it.
r
rather regret that any necessity shoulduas7 ONISS.
for the explanats
ion given in the. How-.
last night by the Earl of ABERDEEN, of a-Conovterl;-I°Jud'.
between himself and the French Ambassador, the &lerit•
tie St. AULAIALE, which
,has already created au immens,
excitement. in France. The Noble Foreign Secretary,
in answer to a question of the Marquis of CLANIII-
CARDE, repeated the statement Made by Sir ROBERT
PEEL in the 'louse t-,f Commons, that he had not said tc
the French Ambassador that he looked upon the occupa-
tion of Algiers as an accomplished fact ; but that he had
tto observation to make upon the subject; and therefore Le
would remain silent. His Lordship read a despatch whirl
ha wrote to the Ambassador correcting the erronet;u.
impression under which his Excellency laboured, am
'whitish was made known to him byzrusing a speech o:
M. GuizoT in the French Chamber of Deputies on ill,
20th ult., in which the conversation between the Foreign
Seeretair ant Count de St. AULAIRE, relative to Al.
triers, was voted. There has been a mislake sonn-
vhere, Tod while Lord ABERDEEN boars the fullest testi:
fony to trw high honour and amicable disposition of ti
wrench Ambnssador, he asserts that it has been on tl.
the ••, lie of that functionary. Taking all the circuit',

stances into account, it is with some degree of regret
that we feel bound to express a different opinion. Cir•
cumstances and reports have been mentioned to us,
which will not allow us on this occasion to distrust the
Ambassador's recollection of the Noble Lord's conver-
sation. One of the first acts of the French Govern-
ment, when Lord COWLEY arrived in Paris, was to en_.
deavour to prevail upon his Lordship to co-operate with
the French Cabinet in obtaining from his Court the
recognition of the conquest of Algiers, and to change
altogether the Whig policy in Spain. Lord CowLEt
fell into the trap laid for him by Louis PHILIPPE. He
declared in favour of M. SALVANDY'S etiquette preteM
sions, and even addressed instructions to the British
Envoy at Madrid, which that Minister had the spirit to
reject, and to propose, if persisted in, that
he should be recalled. At this stage of the
affair, the press got hold of it, and Lord
ABERDEEN became sensible of Lord COWLEY'S
stupid blunder. The Ministry saw that a retrogade
1 policy would not do in Spain ; and the consequence has
been a regular backing out, by the Tories, of every pro-
mise made to conciliate France.

But we have no wish to see matters carried too far. All
we want is the certain assurance that the Tories will pursue
the line of foreign policy so successfully adopted by the
Whigs. The French are very sore on the subject of
Algiers, and while the Government withholds a recogni-
tion of its occupation by them, the most prudent course
undoubtedly is to say nothing about it. We trust this
will be the course pursued in Parliament for the re-
mainder of the present Session.

There is a dearth of political news in the French
Journals. We, however, gather from them that the
partisans of Madame Muxoz, while denouncing the re-
ported design of invading Spain as a hoax, are making
all the preparations which they can for raising again the
standard of civil war in the Basques. The Court organs
having affected to throw discredit on all the intrigues of
the Court, the National, of Sunday, asks :

Is it true that MM. Toreno, Zea Bermudez, and Martinez
(le la Rosa, three leaders of apparently distinct and even
hostile parties, all obey a supreme and all powerful direc-
tion ? Is it true that , Queen Christina, excited almost
to madness by resentment, vanity, and disappointed
cupidity, has promised to pay all the expenses of the
;nsurrection, and to pay down .15,000,000 f. and more if
necessary ? Has not lion Carlos been solicited, as he was in
September last, to give his assent to the attempt projected
against Espartero? Were not magnificent conditions offered
to his family on the hypethesis of his consent? Is it true,
that in case of refusal threats were held out of act-
ing. diplomatically with the Powers who supply hini
with subsidies, and so deprive him of all means
of existence? Is it true that the concurrence of Villa-
real, of Zariateguy, of Gomez, &c., has been obtainad ? that
Cabrera has been invited to come to Paris ? and that
nlisting on account of Christina is going forward in all
the depots of the Carlist refugees by well-known
agents ? Is it true, in fine, that the refugees have been ap-
prised that all those amoi g them who shall refuse to enlist for
Christina must not depend for the future on receiving the
subsidies allowed them by the munificence of the Chambers?
If all this be untrue, let it be said so and proved ; but if, on the
contrary, it i 5 impossible to deny those facts, do not accuse us
any longer (of stating falsehoods)."
The Moniteur of the 6th of March publishes in its official
part an ordnance of the sth, containing the nomination of
several Justices of Peace.

The Jena, of th, line, Captain Trorpin, and the Afrieaine
frigate, Captain Triglode, left. Brest on the 4th of March ;
.hey were bound to Lisbon.
'lhe Cologne Gazette, of the 3d of March, has the following
latter from the Rus,ian frontiers :

" Letters from St. Petersburgh say that the Russian Go-
vernment, which has resolved to make the iron railway flow
St. Petersburgh to Moscow at the expense of the State, wig
negotiate a born for that purpose to the amount of forty or fifty
millions of :dyer roubles. Negotieions have already been
opened with several banking houses, from which tenders are
expected. It is affimed that Messrs. de Rothschild are among
competitors for this loan."
Tne Augsburgh Gazette has a letter from Alexandria of
1e 6th of February, which says, "It is affirmed that the
English Consul has written in very energetic terms to the
Pasha, wishing him to fix his residence at Cairo or Alexandr.a,
or else to appoint a representative, that the solution of the most
important affairs may not be delayed indefinitely, the frequent
,114lige of residence being manifestly designed to avoid the re-
presentation of the Consuls. It is affirmed that the Austr:an
intends to go to Cairo to-morrow, and to declare to Mehemet
Ali, that it be will trot grant freedom of trade, he must re-
nounce the advantage of the new Treaty respecting the cus-
toms. The Consuls of Austria and England are perfectly
%reed on this point.' \Ve hardly believe that they have received
from their Governments au,hority to take so decisive a stop."
Reghos Bey has just sent 275,000 crowns to Constantinople.
—Constitutionnel,6th March.

DIDDIN'S SONGS.— We are glad to learn, from a
printed circular issued by Messrs. How and Parsons,
that there is no truth in the report that the stock of this

....ork was totally destroyed in. the conflagration of the
printing-oilices of :11r. G. 11. Davidson, late of Tudor-
Arcet. A portion of it only was destroyed, but, the
greater part of the stereotype plates were fortunately
aot on time premises ; and tberc is no doubt of the wont
being reprinted and completed. As the undertaking is
a spirited and meritorious one, we heartily wish it sueecs*.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS

CITY, TWELVE O'CLOCK.

LIVERrOOIL COTTON I%IAIMET, N ARCH 7.—The sales to
day are about 5,000 bales, including 500 Peruvians, 700 Ante-
r'eans for export ; the Peruvians are of low quality at
-1"8-1 With this bt&tieis we keep our ground steadily, but.
sti I there is an abundant supply of middling and inferior qua-
lity of American in the market. The good sorts are scarce and
prices firmly mainta ned. The saleS coisised 400 Surats,
to 4161. ; 120 Maranhains, 5i,41.' to Gd. ; 100 Pernams, 7d. to
71(1. ; and the remainder American, 44d. to 640.
Livittroor. SIIARE MARKET, MARCH 7.—The Market
has closed rather flat, and the business not so good as duri,g
the last week. Grand Junction Halt-shares, 90;- London and
Birmingham, 175; ditto 32/. Shares, ex. div., 30; Great
North of England, 87 ; Paris and Rouen,
-14&.

MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, MAIrCH 7.—We can-
not report any material change in the value of Stock, of which
our market continues very bare. Manchester and Salford
Water Works have been sold at 514 per Share, and Manches-
ter and Birmingham, 28g- ; Manchester and Leeds, North Mid-
land, Midland Counties, Bolton and Bury, &e. are in request.
There are no later ship letters to-day from any quarter.
The overdue steamer with the mail from the West Indies is
very anxiously looked fon__

- PRICEA OF SHARES THIS DAY AT ONE.
RAILWAYS. Paid. Per Share.
Great North of England 90
Great Western
Ditto New
London one. Brighton ... 50 ...... 35gi ... to
London and Birmingham 90

Ditto A Shares
South Eastern and Dover

JOINT ATOCK BANKS.
lonian State
HALF-PAST ONE.

The news from India brought by the Overland Mail and
telegraphed from Marseilles to Paris, is considered to be of an
unfavourable nature, in consequence of which the English
Securities have declined. Consols are now e 9,1 for Money,
and 69/ a for the Account ; Exchequer Bills are down to
31, and India Bonds 7 to 9 premium ; the business doing,
however, has been very limited.
The advertisement for the 'payment of the dividends upon
Spanish Stock has at la,t made its appearance ; its effect upon
the Securities was trifling. The Active Stock advanced in the
early part of the rnorcing to 2.54, but has since receded to 24H,
which is the
_present quotation. Colombian Bonds are 244.
Mexican 38%; Portuguese Three per Cents. :204 ; Dutch
Two-and-a-Half per Cents. 5l • Ditto Fives 102 a.
Very little business doing in Shares; prices are lower.
HALF-PAST TWO.

Consols, 891 ; Colombian, 241 ; Mexican, 3811;
Spanish, 24i 25.

THE'LATE SIR WILLIAM MAC-
NAGHTEN.

Scarcely have we recovered from the melancholy news of the
death of Sir Alexander Burnes, one of the most efficient and
active officers on the British staff in India, than the annouce-
ment of a similarly disastrous event has reached us in the
assassination of Sir William Macnaghten, whose talents as a
Diplomatical Secretary, were for many years of great and im-
portant avail in managing the troublesoMe and deranged state
of affairs in Affghanistan and Cabool. The discharge of his
duties in subordinate capacities, during his earlier transactions
in the East, was always characterised by that sagacity and
penetration which appeared mere conspicuously in his later
days, and we proceed to notice that portion of his life, which
stands more prominently forward, namely, when he became
a negotiator on the British side to arrange the difficulties
outstanding between the contending parties.
After the fruitless negotiations on the part of Capt. Burnes,
in 1836, at Cabool, to bring about a peaceful understanding
between Dost Mahomed Khan, after his aggression upon the
territories of Runjeet Singh, and other of the Sheiks who were
on amicable terms with the British, and the latter having con-
sidered themselves warranted in espousing the cause of Shah
Soojah-001-Moelk, the Governor-General deputed Mr. Mac-
naghten, in the June of 1838, to the Court of the Rajah. The
result of his mission was the conclusion of a triplicate treaty by
the British Government, Runjeet Singh, and the Shah,
whereby the latter was guaranteed in his possessions,and bound
to co-operate for the restoration of the Shah to his dominions.
From this period the progress of the important negotiations
with the ex-King of Cabool and the Maharajah Runjeet Singh
were conducted in a very satisfactory manner by Mr. Mac-
naghten, in his capacity of Secretary to the Indian Govern-
mat; and Lord Auckland, in his despatches to the Secret
Committee, spoke in high terms of his ability. Mr. Mac-
naghten was on this occasion accompanied by Captain Wade,then Political Agent at Loodiana, Lord Auckland's Military
Secretary, Dr. Drummond, and Lieutenant Macgregor, one of
his Lordship's Aides-de-Camp, who arrived at the town of
Adeenanaggur, situated about 70 miles to the north east of
Lahore, on the 30th of May, where they found Runjeet Singh
encamped. The subseqUentaffa:rs which proceeded out of thi,
minion, appertain to the history of the time rather than a bio-
graphical notice, and are, moreover, well known.
At this particular juncture of affairs also, when our relations
with Persia became daily more critical, Mr. Macnsghttn saw
the necessity, Tiiicece iielsis_giitbyi,ainyo was himself the originator of the motion, as
of equipping and transporting a small force to
the Persil's Gulf to pi ote t the despatches, which then grow-
ing into importance, came by that channel,
and accordingly in
conformity therewith, the Isle of Karrak as immediately oc-
cupied with forces and a requisite squadron.
During the time of his mission to the Shah, he resided in a
palace in the city of Candahar, allotted him there, which was
oil the whole a very indifferent building, and was within the
:call= of the town, which are thirty feet in height. The valley,
how. vcr, towards its other aspects, was one of luxuriant corn,
lad chiefly' supplied with grain the cavalry which he there had
quartered with him.

During his Envoybhip at th'.s Court, Mr.lllacnaghten carried
,very thing foils appropriate pitch of British sphndeur and
observence ; his 'ever s were good, and on the occason of the
c,lehratiun of the wcmion of Shah Soojah to the kingdom of
his ancestors, his di pi.ay of the army of the Indus was judicious
and fine.

The subsequent events which attach to . Sir Witham
llacnaghten s iife'are little variable in their nature ; the life of
t clove diplomatical Secretary cannot be expected to consist
of much variation; his chief occupations and engagements
being carried on in the silentness of tie closet, and among the
;metal secrecy of sealed communications and despatches.