The Sun.
London, England, 1829-01-12 00:00:00

SPIIIIT OF THE LONDON JOLTUNALS.

(FROM THE TIMES.)

The military operations which are every day un-
dertalten by the Turkish forces against the Russians,
notwithstanding the obstacles of au inclement win-
ter, prove the unabated resolution of .the Sultan to
carry on this contest to extremities. It might have
been anticipated that the animal courage of the
Turks, inflamed by the disappointments and losses
which befel their invaders towards the close of the
campaign, and further confirmed by the Mahometan
addiction to fatalism, would become so intractable
after the absolute retreat of the Russians, as to
enhance to an unfortunate degree the danger that
any negociations during the winter, for a peaceable
adjustment of the quarrel, would be unpalatable to
both belligerents. The Emperor Nicholas is said—we
know not how truly—to have declared, that he will
admit no mediator of his dispute with the Turks.
declaration of that nature is seldom made where
matters of purely tangible interest are at stake, and,
ita fact, it is unsuitable to any circumstances but
those which 'appear to the party to involve his re-
putation and honour. Russia, whose influence in
the world, and whose European greatness rest be-
yond those of almost any power on the renown of
her arms, has attempted so much against the Turks,
and, compared with the enormity of her enterprise,has
in this latter instance experienced such a signal fail:tire,
that we cannot conceive the likelihood •of her lis-
tening to such terms as the Sultan, elated by her
calamities, would be disposed to grant,'or as Eng-
land and Austria, whether in their character of
mediators, if permitted to assume it, or in their more
natural office as allies of Turkey, would deem it rea-
sonable to demand of her, or politic to enforce in
favour of Russia, with a view to the general wel-
fare of Europe. The advantage of bringing about
some amicable arrangement of a quarrel which may,
if continued, embrace all Christendom, is too obvious
to let us suppose that it will not be attempted by
Governments which profess to beaieutral, but which
have a substantial arid permanent- interest in the
frustration of those extensive projects which are
every where ascribed to the Russian Court. We
take for granted that at least England and the Court
of Vienna—and there seems no goad reason for not
including France also—will prevent the overthrow
f Turkey ; if by diplomacy, well: but if that should
fail, by stronger modes of persuasion. Here, then,
is a crisis for great skill and high spirit to display
themselves. Two powerful though- unequal Em-
pires, fiercely bent on the prosecution of a war
which neighbouring nations of no inferior resources
have the most urgent motives for terminating. If
England and her co-operating allies areas thoroughly
resolved to maintain the :pacific interests of the
world as the belligerent Powers are to indulge their
mutual and resentful passions, the former will not
permit their mediation, however anwished for by
one of the principals, to fail, or to be trued with. If a
mere peaceable tender ofgood offices should be disap-
pointed, there is another step—au armed neutrality,
which would not be disappointed ; and to that Al-
ternative it is possible that the great neutral States
of Europe may, ere long, be driven by the obstinacy of
those whicq have broken the general peace. It is to
be observed, that although Russia has been forced
to leave many of her plans for the last cam•
pain unaccomplished, yet the portion of them in
which she has (by strange means, so doubt) suc-
ceeded, is one of the very.first importance to the
prosecution of her future objects She has captured
Varna, which, if she retains, will open a road for
her to the gates of the Turkish capital. Varna is
called by some military men the tete-du-pont of
Constantinople, and the advantage with which the
poisession of this maritime fortress will enable the
Russians to re-commence their invasion in the
next spring must be altogether tremendous. If
Varna be made a depot of stores, provisions, &c.,
so as to serve the Russian army for a basis of
operation about the Ist of May, 1829, as the Da-
nube did in the middle of June, 1828, there is no
man can calculate on a march to Constantinople as
a thing impracticable for a body of 200,000 Russians
before the Ist of October. On this view of the
subject we need only say that it will be easier for
tl.e neutral Powers to iiegociate at Varna than
within the gates of the Seraglio, and infinitely more
feasible to keep the Emperor Nicholas from qii;tting
his winter-quarters and re-crossing the Danube into
Bulgaria, than to drive him back into Bulgaria
when once he has got sight of the Bosphorus. As
for the question, now a minor one, though unfortu-
nately mixed up with the grand one of the Russian
war, viz. the formal surrender of Greece by Turkey,
and the peaceable establishment of the new republic,
it is understood that endeavours will be made by
France and England jointly to carry the Greek
treaty into effect with the consent of Turkey, al-
though, from what has yet transpired, the latter
Government has little inclination to separate a
single foot of Greece from the body of her Euro-
pean empire. We publish a letter on the present
:aspect of the Russian and Turkish war.

(FROM THE MORNING CHRONICLE.)
We alluded ort Saturday to the extraordinary ex-
citement produced in Ireland by the recall of the
Marquis of Anglesca, and to the intention of the
Irish to manifest their feelings towards him in the
most marked manner. We have since received the
Irish Papers of Thursday and Friday, which furnish
the confirmation of our statement. " All the pa-
rishes in Dublin," says the Dublin Morning Re-
gister, "are in motion, and many, if not all, are
expected to meet on Sunday. The primary design
seems to be to express to the Throne, and to the
British nation, the sense which is entertained here
of the awful and perilous consequences which must
infallibly attend the withdrawal, under misting cir-
cumstances, of the protection
.afforded to life, h.
herty, and property in Ireland, by the system of Go-
vernment established and pursued with such admi-
rable tact and impartiality by the Marquis of An-
glesea." We inserted in the chronicle of Saturday
an admirable speech of Mr. Shell, commenting en a
pamphlet which had just appeared in Dublin, said
to be from the pen of Mr. Blake. In that pamphlet
Mr. Blake, who has had excellent opportunities, as
Remembrancer of the Court of Exchequer, of be-
coming acquainted with the changes of property
which have taken place of late years, •and, as Com-
missioner of Education, of being acquainted with
the progress of education, states some very striking
facts respecting these- two subjects. "He is (says
Mr. Shell) the auctioneer of the Court of Ex-
chequer, and brings many a Protestant estate to
the official hammer. - Thus he has seen the march
of Popery into- Protestant possessions, and the'
growth of education in the mind of Ireland.—
Whar does he tell us ? He says, that within a
few years one million of Protestant property
has, in a few counties, passed into the hands
.1 Roman Catholics. This transfer is independent
of the mortgagee, and judgments, and custodians of
Catholic incumbrance!, who have fastened upon and
are devouring the Protestant fee-simple of Ireland."
In education not received gratuitously, but paid for'
by the parents, the Catholics have increased, since .
1811, from •145,01.;0 to 319,288; while the Pro-
testants, during the same. period, have only increased
from 55,000 to 81,060. These are striking facts;
and if those who are now in possession of political
power be not besotted (which factions almost al- ,
ways are), they will take a lesson from them. Hera
we see what always will be the case in a country
like this, where property is not inalienable, and a
career is open to industry, that estates are constantly
changing heads, that men of substance descend to
the bottom of the 60631 scale, and men rise from
poverty to wealth. In England it is calculated
from the auction duty, that land to the value of
nearly the whole rental of the country is sold every
year ; that is, that transfers equal to the whole land
of the country are made in the course of about
thirty years. lf, then, the Catholics out-numberthe
Plotestants in the proportion indicated by the Edu-
c,tion Returns,-1. e. as 319,298 to 81,060—it is
pretty eh...sr that the greatest part of the property
must, as a matter of course, noun fall into the hands
pf the Catholics. The proportion of men emery