The Sun.
London, England, 1845-08-29 00:00:00

TITESITN, LONDON, PRIDAY- MORNING, A.rarsT 29, IMS.

LITERA T URE

NORTH BIcITISH REVIEW, for August 1845.

No. li.

This number contains few, but they-are important,
papers. We have articles headed, " Chemistry in its
relation to Agriculture," " Life of Lord " Say-
intls' Banks," ."I'ytier's History of Scotland," " Hospitals
for the Insane Poor," " Colonisation and the Allotment
System," " Welsh's Church History," " Mrs. Hamilton
Gray's History of Etruria," and " Vestiges of the Na-
tural History of Creation." A fair variety of subjects,
but a majority of them somewhat to ponderous for a
periodical. We have been very happy to meet, under
the first of these reviews, with occasional notices of a
most valuable work of the father of the present Earl of
Dundonald, " The relations of Chemistry to Agricul-
ture" (4th, Lon., 1795). It is long since we made our
first acquaintance with it ; a period in which elementary
treatises on the chemical properties of soils, and of
various kinds of manures, were far more scarce than
they are at present. With equal pleasure we recal our
first perusal of another tract, the title of which forms the
second item in the heading in these papers, we mean,
Sir Humphrey Davy's " Elements of Agricultural Che-
mistry" (Lon., 1814). These works are reviewed in
common with Mr. James Johnston's " Lectures,on Agri-
cultural Chemistry and Geology"(Edin.and Lon., 1844);
and the same author's " Elements of Agricultural Che-
mistry and Geology" (Lon. and Edin., 1844), We can-
not convey a more favourable impression of the good
sense and good spirit in which the reviewer has taken
up this important subject, of the intimate relations sub-
sisting between the extension and improvement of the
process of chemical discovery and analysis, and the de-
velopment of agricultural fecundity, than by quoting the
following passage; promising, moreover, that the words
we have printed in italics merit to be recorded in gold
They accurately touch that which is, at once, a capital
heresy in our theory of domestic agriculture, and a faint-
hearted and timid apology for deficient enterprise and
industry.
" The advocates for protection not only predict disaster and
ruin to the existing agriculturists as a body, from the opening
of the trade in corn, but they foretell, also, that half of the poor
lands (as they call them) of the empire will be thrown out of
cultivation. This statement is, we believe, made in good faith,
but it is made in ignorance of the capabilities of the soil, and
of the means of developing them. Most of what these writers
call 'poor lands' ought rather to be called negle,ted lands.
The wealth they are capable of yielding, and the mode of ex-
tracting it are little understood. The pressure of harder times,
should they unhappily fall' on our already heavily burdened
agriculturists, will lead to the discovery of this unseen wealth,
and will gradually impart to the now called poor lands' some-
thing of the character of those now called rich. Lanis which
were considered sterile and worthless a century ago, now pro-
duce as much as rich lands did then. Has knowledge become
so stationary in our day that we may not expect the next
century to produce a similar improvement ?"
Neither have we much to except to in the writer's
primary positions touching the duties and rights of a
national agriculture. We could have wished that they
had been introduced with the preliminary axiom, for
which we are prepared stoutly to contend, that " climate
is determined by the geological conditions of the soil."
The Reviewer maintains—

" Ist. That the soil of a country is intended by the Deity to
maintain ►he people who live upon it. 2d. That it is the ditty
of those to whom the tillage of the soil is entrusted to see
that the means of living ate raised for the whole people
(allowance, of course, being made for extraordinary seasons,
which no skill or industry can avert. 3d. And "that, if the
tillers of the soil do not raise food enough for the whole
people, a free aecess to foi eign markets should be
permitted, for the purpose of supplying the remainder."
The remainder of the paper is devoted to the exposi-
tion of these principles, and is full of interesting matter,
but too entirely made up of multifarious details to admit
of any intwlliaible abstract. In the review of the Rev.
Mr. Sidney's Life of Lord Hill, there are some sensible
remarks on the deficiencies of a generally interesting
book. Lord Hill's is a reputation that will ever be dear
to the country of his birth. His honest, manly, frank
bearing, his calm intrepidity of purpose and vigour of
action, as they are most proper to, so are they best
appreciatee Iby his compatriots. If anything could add
to the universal and even affectionate respect which
Englishmen of all ranks have ever entertained for Lord
Hill, it would be supplied by the proof incidentally, and
as it were unconsciously, adduced by his biographer, of the
singular modesty with which this gallant and open-hearted
soldier earned and reposed under his blushing honours.
Mr. Sidney has certainly been somewhat too chary of
these personal anecdotes, which, it is to be presumed, he
must have had the best opportunities of gleaning among
the family and connexions of the deceased.
" Take, for instance, the important battle of the Nive, or
St. Pierre. That battle was, by the common consent of both
the French and English armies one of the most bloody of the
whole war. It was also one of the most glorious to Lord Hill,
who fought and gained it with his own troops alone, against
one of the ablest French commanders, Soult, who vigorously
assailed him with a force of nearly thrice his numbers. The
events of the day were full of vicissitudes, and were repeatedly
ominous of disaster, calling forth all Hill's talents, not merely
as a skilful General, but also as a brave soldier. In any cir-
cumstances it must have been a most arduous task to sustain
the eager attacks of the French, confident in their valour, their
numbers, and their leader ; but, unhappily, the astonishing
misconduct of two British Colonels, in different parts of the
field, who withdrew their respective troops from action at the
mo't critical moment, unexpectedly aggravated the difficulties
of Hill's position to such a degree, that with an inferior leader
all would have seemed irrevocably lost. He had stationed him-
self on a mount in the rear of his troops, from which he could
descry the movements of the contending forces. On the in-
stant of discovering this disaster, he flew to one of the regi-
ments who had been thus betrayed, and wlao were burning to
wipe off the disgrace, and with that regiment, supported by
some other troops, he retrieved the wavering battle by a bold
and vigorous charge headed by himself. All this we learn
from Colonel Napier writing the general history of the war,
and all this, at least, should have been contained in any
biography which was to do full justice to Lord Hill, and to show
the British army with what intuitive promptness he could meet
those sudden emergencies, in which the indecision of a moment
might have caused the loss of a battle; and with what varied
resources both of prudence and daring he could bear up
against apparently overwhelming dangers, until, at length, he
compelled reluctant fortune to his standard, and snatched a
brilliant victory, as it were, out of the very jaws of defeat."

There are given some delightful letters from Hill to
his sister, describing the actions he had been just pre-
viously engaged in with graphic simplicity and a singu-
lar sense of his gratitude for his hair-breadth escapes.
A spirited account, also, of the brilliant affair at the
bridge of Almarez (which place stands before his native
Hawkstone in the patent of his barony) makes us sensi-
bly lament our want of space to transcribe it. " Savings
Banks" is the title of a remarkable commentary on " An
Appeal to the Editors of the Times newspaper by two
Lay Members of the Church ;" to which, as well as Mr.
Tytler's " History of Scotland," we may recur at some
future opportunity. The article on the " Report of the
Metropolitan Commissioners on Lunacy" is a carefully
written and well reasoned argument in favour of more
numerous and better organised hospitals for the house-
less poor. Mrs. Grey's " History of Etruria"—cer-
tainly one of the most interesting essays in the province
of antique and classical topography which has been pro-
duced in our language—receives a due meed of critical
notice and approbation, and the reviewer's judgment, we
observe, coArins the opinion we have already recorded
on the crude and unsatisfactory character of the "Ves-
tigs of the Natural History of Creation"—a signal fail-
ure in an attempt of signal temerity, but which, strange
to say, has attained a fourth edition.

CHURCH OF ENGLAND QUARTERLY
REVIE W. July, 1845.
It can scarcely be expected of us to acquiesce, im-
plicitly, in the views and doctrines of so High Church an
advocate as this able periodical. Nevertheless, it is most
gratifying to us to bear testimony to the great ability
and research which all the contributions to the present
Number exhibit. These contributions are devoted
respectively to reviews of works connected with Scrip-
tural Geology (under which heading we meet with the
Hee. C. Burton's " Lectures on the World before the
Flood" and the " Vestiges of the Natural History of
Creation") ; " The Presence of Christ in the Holy
Christian;" " The Movement in Germany" (an excel-
lent essay) ; " The Natural Limits of Subscription
"Savoy and Piedmont" (the Royal Dynasty of Sardinia);
" The Prospects of the English Church, her Pastors, and
her Poor ;" " Life of Dr. Bell ;" " Jesuits and Je
suitry ;" " Rural Deans ;" " Tait's Meditationes He-
braicm ;" " Endowment of Maynooth—the Debate and
the Division." Of all these the one which presents
itself as best adapted to our purpose is "Jesuits and
Jesuitry." At the commencement of this paper we find
the titles of Mr. Charles Seager's " Life and Institutes
of the Jesuits ;" Michelet's and Quinet's "Des Jesuites;"
Eugene Sue's "Juif Errant" (a Hebrew gentleman,
whom we were, at first, astonished to find in such goodly
company, but for whom the Reviewer makes out a bril-
liant case); and Von Duller's " Geschichte der Jesuiten."
At the present moment the old imputations against the
formidable sodality of Jesus, touching " that most
damnable doctrine that Princes excommunicate by the
Church of Rome may be lawfully deposed and mur-
thered," derive, from peculiar circumstances, a resus-
citated interest after a slumber of about two centuries.
The following passages are significant :
" Against the oft-repeated charge of aiding, sanc-
tioning, or committing regicide, M. de Ravignan de-
fends his order, with as much fruitless zeal and hope-
less intensity as he can summon to the arduous office:—
There is another doctrine of which the name resembles
a tempest, and appears still to heap upon us dark clouds
—I mean tgrannicide: Such are the opening words of
his defence ; and one would suppose that they would
have been followed by an eloquent and indignant denial
of the fact, with proofs substantiating a denial so elo-
quently and indignantly made. On the contrary, he is
afraid to discuss the subject, or, perhaps, not afraid, but
only obedient." I shall not discuss now (he writes)
any more than before : a severe law of the Company
absolutely fc.rbids me !' And yet he has not hesitated to
discuss the truth. of other charges, less heavy indeed
than this, the name of which, as he well says, resembles
a tempest, and which still covers those it accuses as with
masses of dark clouds. If he avoids -discussion, how
then does he succeed in his attempt at refutation ? By
ceasing to be a theologian, and condescending to history.
He recounts the history of the matter, and complacently
claims a favourable verdict by virtue of his recital. The
substance of what he at!vances is this : that, in 1614, the
General Aquaviva issued a decree which is still in force.
and which expressly forbids, in virtue of holy obedience,
and tinder pain of excommunication, to any priest—
that he shall commit murder ? By no means, but—that
he shall say that murder may be comnaitteti.' Mark
the latitude of this decree, which forbids every memb.r
of the society to affirm, in public, or in private, in
tetiching, in writing, or in replying to those who may
ask counsel, that it is allowed, under pretext of tyranny,
to kill kings.' This decree, so boastfully adduced in
favour of the innocence of the Jesuits, and in force now,
absolutely says nothing more than.that it is unlawful
for a man to say that regicide is permitted, it does not
even add, that it is also unlawful to confess that regi-
cide is allowed under other pretexts than that of tyranny.
The law of God (oar law), expressly, briefly, and with-
out circumlocution, says, Thou shalt do no murder.

^....

The law of Loyola, amended by the famous Aquaviva,
employs a multitude of words, merely Thou
shalt not say that murder may not be committed under
aPy pretext ; thou shalt only refrain from affirming that
it may be committed under one.' The silence here,
that gives consent to many murders, has not escaped
Jesuitical ingenuity ; and it were easy to show what
crimes have been committed, under another -and less
equivocal rule of the order, which a lys that all things
done by it were for the glory of God, and that there-
fore the end amply sanctifies the means employed to
reach it."

LETTERS on the UNHEALTHY CONDITION
of the LOWER CLASS DWELLINGS, especially
in LARGE TOWNS ; founded on the first Repo. t
on the Ma4l, of Towns Commission. By the Rev.
Charles Gil dlestone, A.M.

These letters are a benevolent and useful commentary
on the valuable Parliamentary report mentioned in the
title. The present letters relate to the points in the
case proved ; the nature of the inquiry, and of the evi-
dence ; drainage and sewerage ; supply of water ; rid-
dance of refuse ; ventilation ; various local unhealthy
influences ; public buildings and assemblages ; demoral-
ization ; town and country compared ; application of
remedies. The pamphlet is illustrated by wood cuts,
maps, and plans, copied from the original Parliamentary
report.

THE UNREPORTED BARRISTER
(From Punch.)
Oh I no, they never mention me,
My name is never heard ;
The press has now refused to speak
That unimportant word.
From Court to Court I hurry me,
But sad is my regret ;
For even should I win a fee,
No notice can I get.
They bid me seek at Common Law
The business others gain,
But if I e'en tried Chancery
My efforts would be vain.
'Tis true that many I behold
Who by reporting get
What I ne'er could, by pen or fee,
To my extreme regret.
They tell me there are many now,
Who in their early day
Were aided by the press, but I
Don't care for what they say.
I only say I've struggled hard
Reporter's work to get,
But can't ; and so 'gainst those who can
I'll make the deadest set.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
TATTERsALus—YEsTERDAv.

The only horses in any force were Miss Sarah,
Weathet bit, and Due au Ourras ; Mentor and The
Merry Monarch, although backed for two or three
hundred pounds each, having moi e enemies than sup-
porters, at least such was the inference we drew from
the betting. 2to 1 was taken freely between two and
the field ; 16 to 1 in fifties about Pantasa, 1.000 to 25
three or four times about Ides, 1,000 to 15 each about
Clear-the-Way and the Miss Whip Colt, and a few
other bets, small in amount and importance. The
business, which was confined to the St. Leger, was flat.
Closing prices :

ST. LEGER.
2 to 1 on the field against two—taken
3 to 1 agst Major Yarburgh's two—take 7 to 2
7 to 1 agst Forth's lot—taken to 100/.
9 to 2 agst Major Yarburgh's Miss Sarah—taken
5 to 1 agst Mr. Gully's Weatherbit—take 11 to 2
9 to I agst Mr. St. Paul's Mentor
12 to 1 agst Mr. Gratwicke's Merry Monarch—taken
15 to I agst Major Yarburgh's Red Robin'
16 to 1 agst Mr. Mostyn's Pantasa—takeri and aft. offd.
20 to 1 agst Mr. Painter's The Pacha—take 23 to 1
25 to 1 agst Mr. Irwin's Ould Ireland—tak. and aft. off.
25 to 1 agst Lord Miltown's Dac au Durras-30 to 1 t. f.
30 to 1 agst Mr. Ramsay's Mid-Lothian—taken
40 to I agst Colonel Anson's hedger—taken and aft. off.
40 to 1 agst Lord Stradbroke's Idas—taken
45 to 1 agst 3lr. Irwin's Connaught Ranger—taken
66 to 1 agst Mr. Ferguson's Clear-the-Way—taken
66 to I agst Lord Glasgow's Miss Whip colt—taken
Old England, The Baron, Fitzallen, and Worthless, were
not mentioned.

STOURBRIDGE RACES.--TUESDAT.
The Gold Cup Handicap Stakes of 10 sous. each, h ft.;
the second to save his stakes. Two miles.
Mr. Flintoff's Princess Royal, 3 yrs (C. Edwards) 1
Mr. J. Clarke's bf by Defence, out of Nike, 3 yra 2
Mr. F. W. Fryer na Jack Sheppard, aged 3
Mr. Waimsley's ch gby Dick, out of sis. to Sir Ralph 4
Mr. Skerratt's b c Intrepid, 4 yrs 0
The New Stakes of 3 sous. each, with 20 added. One
mile and three-quarters.

Mr. Sheppard's b f by Glaucus, out of March Ist 1
Mr. Jones's The Disowned, 5 yrs. 2
Mr. Warman's ch g The Sailor, G yrs 3
The Himley Stakes of 3 sovs. each, with 20 added.
Heats, one mile and a quarter.
Mr. Flintoff's Princess Royal (C. Edwards) 0 1 1
Mr. Sheppard's b f Reliance, 3 yrs 2 4 2
Mr. Whitworth's b f Lady Sarah, 4 yrs
Mr. Martin's b f Trifle, 4 yrs 0 2 dr
Mr. Walmsley's ch g by Dick, 3 yrs 3 dr
Mr. Sheppard's b f by Glaucus, 3 yrs 0 dr
HUN rINGDON RACES—WEDNESDAY.

The Cup Stakes of 10 sovs. each ; to start at the mile.
post and run once round and the mile..
Duke of Rutland's b c Keppel, 3 yrs ........(Cotton) 1
Mr. Onglef s b m Fetus, aged
Lord Exeter's ch c Lyons
The Huntingdon Stakes of 5 Buys each, with 20 added ;
the winner, to be sold for 150/., if deu3auded, &c. Heats,
the last mile.

Mr. Onslow's br c Ruff, 3 yrs (Pettit) 5 1 1
lien. Grosvenor's b IScarlet•runner, 3 yrs 2 3 2
Mr. Ongley's bl c Symmetry, 3 yrs 1 2 3
Col. Peel's f by Slane—Mary Ann, 3 yrs 3 dr
Lord Sandwich's br c Tawney, 3 yrs
The Member's Plate of 50 sous, ; the winner to be sold
for 250/., if demanded, &c. Heats, once round.
Mr. Robinson's b I Glee, 3 yrs (Clary) 1 1
Hon. G. Ongley's br in Patna, aged
Fouast RACES.—We understand Sir H. P. Fleetwood,
Count Batthyany, and R. M. Jaques, Esq., have ac-
cepted the stewardship fur 1846. The Cup, Surrey and
Middlesex, Magna Charta, and Amateur Stakes 'Took
well.

CRICKET.
B4NSTEAD YEOMAN ANL WALWORTH BEEHIVE CLUBS.
—This interesting match came off on the Yeoman Ground,
Banstead, on Tuesday last. The score stood thus when dark-
ness put an end to the game :—Ranstead, 116, and 29, with
the loss of six wickets:—C. Chadband marked 25 and 0; Ben-
nett, 22 and 2 ; W. Richardson, 3 and 17 ; R. Richardson, 9
and 5 ; Nichols, 3 and 0; Cooper, 1 and 0; A. Chadband, 3
and 0 ; Russell, 23 ; H. Richardson, 16 ; Bentley, 2 ; G.
Richardson, 0 ; Byes, &c., 9 and 5. Walworth-69, of which
Heath marked 16 ; Brockvvell, 12 ; Buckett, 12 ; Hinckley,
6 ; Day, 4 ; Hooth, 3 ; Paul, , Prior, 1 ; Bennett, 1 ;
be played on the Beehive Ground, Walworth, on Thursday
Groom, 0 ; Page, 0; Byes,
next. Ice. , 12. The return match will

THE MARYLEBONE CLUB AND GROUND WITH PILCH
V. THE NORTHERN COUNTIES.--ThiS match was commenced
at Nottingham on Monday, in the presence of a large assem-
blage of spectators. The state of the score up to Tuesday
night was as follows :—Marylebone, first innings, 176 ;
second, 106; Northern Counties, first innings, 108; second. 38.
THE MARYLEBONE CLUB AND GROUND V. TIIE COUNTY
Of HANTS, WITH Box, PILCHS AND MAETIN.—The match
between these two elevens terminated in favour of the Mary-
lebone Cub by 138 runs.

TROTTING V. GALLOPING.--Wednesday a match for
101. aside came off at Wimbledon-common, between Mr.
Mould's mare, which was to trot in harness, against Mr.
Williams's horse, to gallop under saddle. The contest was for
two miles, and the former was to receive two hundred yards at
starting. At the commencement the mare went away at a
good pace, and concluded the first mile one hundred and forty
yards a-head, and continued steady at work. The saddle-horse
inthge closelyupon his opponent, but the number of
immediate rear of thd mare in harness prevented
tywheaiihnfoloerllsoes iwnpassing, and Mr. Mould drove in the winner by one
hundred and twenty yards, and accomplished the two miles of
road in seven minutes and ten seconds. •
The Marquis of Anglesey is sojourning, for the
benefit of his health, at the Hydropathic establishment, at
Sudbrook. park, near Richmond, conducted by Dr. Weiss.
FATAL COLLISION OFF SOUTUEND.—On Tuesday
Mr. Codd, the Coroner for East Essex, resumed and concluded
a lengthened inquiry at the Crooked Billet public-house,
Leigh, near Southend, touching the deaths of William
Gilson, aged 25, the master of a fishing-smack, and his ap-
prentice, William Emery Ingram, who lost their lives by being
run down by the Portuguese barque Durate IV., on the
14th instant, off Southend. Mr. Pelham, the solicitor, at-
tended to watch the proceedings on
behalf of Wil-
liam Spence, the Trinity pilot, who had charge of the
barque at the time of the occurrence. The barque left the
on nearing the Nore, off Southend, a fresh breeze sprung up.
Here several vessels were tacking up the river, and many
London Docks for Oporto on the day above.
tnentiened, and
fishing-boats, amongst which was the deceased's, lying to al-
most stationary, with their nets out. On the approach of
the barque, the deceased master got up on the fore part of his
smack, and waved his hand for her to port her helm, but her
of the master was
smack right amid-
washed that of the lad
yo n altered,
stihnek
fnoagilnodwhsiehnreg. struck
m The
orni
nbtgohd,
was discovered entangled in the rigging of the wreck. They
snwhoainisse,edwi
ashorena sst annottl
were both on deck at the time of the accident, and were evi-
dently killed by the force of the collision, and not from drown-
ing. The afternoon was very clear, the tide being about an
hour before ebb. A fisherman, named Ellis, satisfactorily
proved the above facts, and further stated that the crew of the
barque were all foreigners. He did not know the pilot, but,
seeing a person crying and wringing his hands on the deck, he
concluded that he was the pilot. Mr. Pelham addressed the
jury at some length, and said that be took the whole respon-
sibility of the pilot's absence from that inquiry, which he had
advised. He then produced a declaration agreed to by the
captain, passengers, and crew of the barque. sworn before Sir
C. Marshall, setting forth, that though the pilot had charge of
the vessel, he had not the helm; she was steered by one of the
seamen, a foreigner, to whom the pilot, on perceiving the dan-
ger, called out to " port, hard sport," but he, not understanding
English, the course was not altered, and thus the unfortunate
catastrophe was occasioned. The Coroner summed up, and,
after a brief consultation, returned
,a verdict of " Manslaughter
against William Spence, the pilot," and the Coroner's warrant
wait instantly is,ued for his apprehension.
FATAL ACCIDENT.—UII Tuesday morning, about
half-past four o'clock, a van laded with People, and driven by
a man named William Wetherell, 25, Derbyshire-street,
Bethnal-green, was proceeding at a furious rate towards Bow
fair. Just as it arrived at Bethnal-green church a poor woman,
named Ann Gayton, aged 73, the wife of a sawyer, living at
2, Charles-street, Globe-road, happened to cross; Wetheiull
called out witnout slackening his pate, but the pour old crea-
ture, either
stunned with terror, or incapable from age and in-
firmity to rush from the danger, remained rooted to the spot,
and the van, with its heavy load, passed over her body, break-
ing some of her limbs, crushing her jaw-bone, and inflicting
several other serious injuries, of which she died in half an hour
after in the London Hospital, whither she was instantly re-
moved. Wetherall, notwithstanding, still continued to drive
on at the same furious rate, and might have escaped but for the
activity of constable Kersey, 112 R, who stopped the van and
took the driver into custody.

RELATIVE CLOSING
RAILWAY SW

IN THE

PRINCIPAL CITIES AND TOWN
SCOTLAND, AND IRE.

PRICES OF
.RES

NAMES or RAILWAYS,

Aberdeen •• • . • • •• • •
Airdrie and Coatbridge • .
Arbroath and Forfar
Ditto Half Shares
Armagh, Colr., & Portrush
Bandon and Bantry
heltast and Ballymena
Belfast and County Down
Birktihd,Lan.&Clies..lnc.
Birmingham and Glo'ster
Do. New (iss.at dis.)
Ditto Half Shares
Birm i lun & Oxfrd.Junc.
Blckburn, and Preston
Blckburn, Darwn,& Boltn
Bolton, Wigan, & Livcrpl.
Boston, Statnfrd and Birm
Brighton, Lewes, & Hast.
Bristol and Exeter . • • • • •
Ditto New .... • • • .
Bristol and Gloucester •
Bristol and S. Wales June
British and Irish Union • •
Caledon. and Ayrsh. June
Caledon. & Dumbar, June
Caled Mau
Ditto Extension
Cambridge and Lincoln
Chester and Birkenhead
Ditto New Shares

132%

20i
lis6d,

;Aug.
I 27.

IN ENGLAND,
:LAND.

Aug.
27.

'Aug.
127.

Aug.
26.

;salsa'

;Aug.
I N.