The Sun.
London, England, 1829-10-01 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

A pamphlet has been sent to us which, though
not on a a very new subject, may be considered
as presenting some novelty in the discusssion of
it. The title is, Thoughts on the Present State
and Future Commercial Policy of the Country,
with the Plan of a Periodical Work; to. b.?
confined exclusively to Commercial Subjects;
by. Captain M'Konochie, R.N. It will thus be
seen that the essay of the gallant author divides
itself into two departments quite distinct—
namely, an actual speculation on the state of the
country; and next, a scheme for promoting
speculation hereafter. Captain M'Konochie puts
his general views with clearness and force, upon
the greater assiduity with which the " arts of
production have been studied among us, than
those of distribution and consumption." Upon
the obstacles which have been thrown in the
way of an easy distribution of our natural pro-
ducts by the fiscal and domestic policy of this
Government, as well as the military and foreign,
the author thus reflects :

" Our political institutions, in so far as they bear no
the point at all, are almost without exception, hostile
to that free, cheap, and convenient communication be-
tween man and man, nation and nation, which essen-
tially contributes to consumption ;—and many of
them are even framed as it were expressly, and with
evident loss, to obstruct it. Our roads are thronged,
with tolls, although they could be maintained at
much less expense by assessments. Our ferries are
left, each to its own resources, and are accordingly
all encumbered with debt, and maintained by very
heavy charges. We have taxes on carriages with
springs, from which those without are exempted ;
—a higher rate of toll is, in like manner, exacted
from the former than from the latter, although the
injury done by them to the roads must be less ;—in
other words, NI e favour a rude, laborious, and slow
means of communication; and throw direct impedi-
ments in the way of its improvement. In our
towns every species of trade is a privilege, more or
less jealously guarded according to circumstances ;
but only to be obtained as a right by purchase,
service, or descent. In war, our first step is to con-
fiscate the mercantile property of our enemy's sub-
jects, as though they were not our own customers,
our tenants, who yield us a profit, while they secure
one also for themselves; or as though it could ever
thus be so much our national interest to cripple
their resources, as to retain their custom. And,
even in peace, though we live by trade, we waylay
it at every turn to plunder it. And, although its
very essence is the circulation of goods and capital
from hand to hand, yet at every transfer we have an
additional tax, as though the object were to impede
it. And at the same time that we thus increase the
expense of collecting a revenue, we add to the cost
of paying it, by the loss of time, and the trouble,
and direct expense, incurred in observing the forms
and regulations by which alone fraud can be pre-
vented in so complicated a system*.
"And the same remarks are scarcely less applicable
to the direction which improvement has taken in the
mechanical arts. Our goods are now produced in a
thousand new and better ways;—but with the ex-
ception of some improvements in our domestic com-
munications (of which the purpose, too, was to fad-,
litate supply, although their indirect effect has beer,
to favour consumption also),—and a few packets,
which are impelled here and there, but also chiefly
at home, and at great and disproportionate expense,.
by the new power of steam—our inerchandize is
distributed in just the same conveyances, and by
just the same methods, as a hundred years back. No
general principle has been seized, or consistently
acted upon, by which the communication between
the producer and the ultimate consumers of his
wares, might be materially facilitated, and the number
of these last proportionally increased. And abroad
especially, our manufactures are still poured into
certain great ports, and there left, without any stre-
nuous efforts being made, or contemplated as im-
portant, to speed them farther on their destination ;
although it is obvious that, as the largest pitcher,
when tight, will soon fill, the value of a port or
market depends almost exclusively on its means of
communication with the adjoining interior."
Undoubtedly, admitting that it is desirable to
multiply the merchandises of Great Britain, and
to make us even a more manufacturing people
than we are already, the clearing away difficul-
ties of communication, and thereby approxi-
mating us to markets the access to which at pre-
sent is more tedious and expensive than it might.
be rendered by a change of system, would havo
the same effect as a fall of price in stimulating
the demand for our productions. But whatever
may be the truth as between Mr. Malthus arid
his opponents in what concerns the numbers bf
the human race, there appears to be thron'aout
:unavoid-
able
opened
a country where capital has greatly accinnulated,
a disposition in the works of manufacturing in-
dustry to outstrip, on the average, the demand
for
inducing
them—eachchlg new
antolemarket
glut. `With the successivelysir that is T
of manufacture, aided by the vast powers of. mo-
dern machinery, this effect, we fear,
; and its natural result must !;e,a certain

• A very interesting inquiry, T:."arliamentary or other-
wise, might be framed on the ',nove hints. What is the
amount of the road-me:Ay collected annually in the
whole kingdom, and. how much by tolls, and by district
assessments? At what rate per cent, is each collected in
the several counties? What is the operation of high
tolls and ferties on rents and improvements, as much as
possible contrasted with cheap, or no tolls or passages?
(This might be best answered by a statement of the dis-
tances within which different great towns draw their sup-
plies, connected with a detail of the local circumstances
in which they are severally placed.) What is the differ-
ence in the price of labour where corporation, or other
exclusive.privileges, are jealously guarded, and where not ?
What amount of injury to trade, even in time of peace,
can be directly traced to the uncertainty of our mercantitts
communications in time of war ? At what expense pee
cent. is a revenue collected by indirect assessment, cons-.
pared with what the same amount would cost if obtainasl
directly from person or property ? And how much over
and above the tax paid, is lest, en an average, by mer-
chants, from the time, trouble, and actual cost of attends
ing to custom-house, excise, and stamp-office busineao
These are some of the questions which would be Om
put, and the following may be taken as a sample o 1 the
information they would elicit :
" From a pretty extensive inquiry made lately by the writer
of these remarks, it appears that in retired districts a great
majority of the tolls are let under 300/. a year,—many are
under 200/.,—and the average throughout the kingdom
does not probably exceed, if it even attains, 5001. ;—yet
each, including the wear and tear of house and gate, the
expenses of letting, tacksman's profit, &c. cannot cost
much under !OW., and the revenue is tines collected-at a
rave varying from 20 to 50 per cent. The southern roads
out of Dublin are maintained by assessments; the norther
by tols ; and along the first, upwards of two thousand
houses have been built within the last twenty years, and
rents, ten miles out of town, are 10/. an acre;—while along
the latter not above tweaty houses have been built,
and at three miles distance rents are not above 6/.
an acre. Various descriptions of work, executed by
corporation servants, (such as meterage, • &c.) are
still charged at the rate of two and three guineas
a week, while in every thing else the severest day labour,
one. In the
t, case
latelytried in
i1;11:
Eannoddti nrsbeicitai uregi(°rihi,lnlalsdknvitiael rnsiusufsancotS'uvri r
eurnn Paulewro swot's ne
that he would give a
mach higher price for yarns home-made, rather than be
forced to import them, because, in the latter case, lie
might be altogether stopped in the event of a war ;—yet,
it lie buys high, he must sell high, or widiout a fair pro-
fit, The chief business in an importing mercantile house
is to attend to entries, clearances, and permits, besides the
whole expense incurred by bonded cellar rent, moving. and
removing, 84e. And in certain home manufactures, as of
spirits for example, the expense thus altogether incurred
is a very large addition to the ttx paid ; by a recent segu-
laden, distillers being even prohibited from mashing and
distilling at the saute time; and thus one-half of their
whole investment in buildings for their manufacture being
necessarily always unemployed."

return at gradually shortening intervals, of dis-
tress arising from want of employment, amongst
large bodies of our laborious countrymen, whose
subsistence depends on manufactures. Captain
M'Konochie goes on with his view of cause
and effects, stating some things with which we
find it easy to concur, and others which, if we
understood them equally well, might no less,
perhaps, challenge our acquiescence.
" And the causes of all this neglect of the arts of
consumption are obvious; but the fact itself, •with
some others connected with it, has scarcely, we
think, been so distinctly contemplated as might be
wished ; and the inferences to be drawn from the
whole are very important. Up to a recent period
of our history, we have been more tasked to pro-
duction than to find consumers, and our conduct ha-
been analogous ; but now our situation is cornpletel
altered : and if we would prosper as we have done,
our measures must change in the same degree.—
Hitherto our productive powers have been belcnd
the demands even of our own market. We have
desired, notwithstanding, to protect this from intru-
sion, as a sphere for our trade to which we had a
peculiar claim,—we have so protected it by duties,—
theoretically this may have been false pelicy, as by
raising costs, and creating a variety of direct impe-
diments to communication, it sent us into &reign
markets under a disadvantage,—but practically, we
were not dependent on foreign markets, unless for
supplies of raw produce for our home consumption,
or to he wrought up in our manufactures,—our capi-
tal, skill, and activity, with our bounties and draw-
backs, enabled us to procure these without loss,—
the rather, that the returns themselves acquired a
factitious value immediately on importation, through
the operation of the same restrictive policy which
protected other branches of domestic speculation,—
we were nowhere met by any strong competition,—
profits, consequently, were every where high,—and
these, although they were thus chiefly, or rather en-
tirely, taken in the home market, and from one por-
tion of our own community to be given to another,

were favourable to the accumulation of capital in

the hands of the more industrious portion, which
reacted in turn on their productive powers, and
accelerated their growth. It seems by no means
certain, then, that up to a given point in our pro-
gress to opulence our protecting duties were disad-
vantageous to us. When the system was first or-
ganised, there was a virtual choice before our prede-
cessors whether they would accumulate capital by a
great trade and low profits abroad, or by a compa-
ratively limited trade at home; and in the unsettled
times in which their choice was made, with their
inability at that period to maintain a great trade, and
the moderate competition which they then also en-
countered, it may be presumed that they chose not
unwisely, economy against speculation, filling one
pocket out of another, but the hoarding and repro-
ducing pocket out of the spending one, the Savings
Bank fund out of that destined for current expenses.
But it is essentially necessary for us, their succes-
sors, to observe, that as there is a point in all eco-
nomy when mere saving ceases to be prudence, so
there is a crisis in the palitical progress of a mer-
cantile community like ours, when the home market
cattmot thus entirely supply the place of the foreign
one ;---when,as the Savings Bank refuses to make a
return for more than a limited sum, so the home con-
sumption becomes inadequate to employ capital
swelled beyond a limited amount ; and in both cases
inveatmenis must be sought elsewhere. And this
is just the point at which we have now arrived; and
the fact cannot be too firmly grasped, as supplying
the principle upon which all measures of relief must
be founded. It is scope that we want, extended
scope of action. In the infancy of our growth, the
bars by which we surrounded ourselves protected
us; but now we have filled our cage, and they con-
fine us : and we exhaust our strength in vain and
impotent struggles with their fastenings.
" And our great misfortune at present is, not that
we hate reached this point (for, if the emergency be
rightly n,,nt, this may be to our great advantage,-even
like the youcg trader, who, driven from his Savings
Bank, cotnmences a prosperous business, and soon
learns to despise his previous petty gains) but that
we have come to it suddenly. Had we approached
the crisis by degrees, our minds would have been
prepared for the change of system which it im-
poses : and one obstacle would have disappeared
after another, till we should scarcely have felt the
transition. But first the immense consumption
cause(! by the war, and afterwards the fever of spe-
culation with which we were seized four years ago,
kept up the value of the home market, and main-
tained our prepossession in favour of old maxims and
institutions : and they still cling even to those most
anxious to shake them off,—as witness that system
which has been of late years called free trade, but
which, by merely removing certain prohibitions, and
c;lLvering certain duties, on import, has rather faci-
litated the entrance of foreigners into our market,
than materially assisted our merchants in penetrating
into theirs. It has thus begun at the wrong end;
find the result, indeed, has proved, that •in this or
some other way (but we think in this) its views are
inadequate to the occasion. Besides admitting
competition, provision most be made to meet it, and
also to find a vent for the excessive production
which, by stimulating the powers of the country, it
titeessariiy occasions. The costs of that production
mot be therefore reduced as much as possible, mid '
consunention fostered by facilitating communication
in ever; 1u way. And thus, we are persuaded,
can health still restored to our commercial system.
The author is probably not mistaken in his
notion that direct taxes ought, as a system, to
be substituted for taxes oil consumption ; but
bow he can reconcile the expedient (which seems
a favourite one) of " bounties on borne produc iII
-
tion," with his leading proposition, that there
is already an excess of such production, with his
formal acknowledgment that there is '‘ a univer-
sal tendency to glut," or indeed with any one
recognized principle of legislation as applied to
matters of economy, we do not profess to answer.
We have pursued our remarks and extracts too
far to have much moo; for noticing the Captain's
proposal, that there should be a periodical work
directed exclusively to the treatment of commer-
cial Subjects. We do not know that agricul-
tural rtiggazines have done much for the practical
farmer, or that merchants, whose ignorance was
welt as need periodical instruction,. might not
find " the little knowledge" conveyed to them
through such a medium n very " dangerous
thing.," while merchants, already masters of their
profession; would treat monthly theoft%27; with ri-
dt.7ule. As a whole, however, the little essay
shows considerable activity and cleverness in the
writer, And contains hints well deserving of at-
tention.— Times.

If the internal condition of Ireland is not ye
such as to warrant the use of the term satisfac-
tory as applicable to it, yet are there many indi-
cations which justify an attentive observer who
would pronounce upon them as decided symp-
tost4 of improvement; we would designate the
growing confidence in the impartial administra-
tion of justice now generally admitted to prevail
as one of the most important of these consolatory
appearances. The recent determination of the
Irish Government not to resort to the extreme
severity of the Insurrection Act without a pre-
vious trial of the efficacy of the natural and con-
stitutional means which exist independent of that
oppressive Statute, has, according to those well
qualified to decide, been productive of the best
effects; and the silent but gradual advancec to-
wards an effective reform of inveterate abuses,
and an introduction of a better system in every'
department in which it is found necessary, must
do much more. With such favourable auxilia•
ries, it is no unreasonable demand upon those

whose personal interests are most deeply con-
cerned, to entreat them to lend themselves to an
active and efficient co-operation in these wise and
beneficial purposes. Of those thus called upon,
there are two classes who can do much—the
Resident Gentry (which may be taken to include
the local Magistracy), and the Parochial Clergy
of every denomination. The first must endea-
vour themselves to forget, and must inculcate
upon their retainers the necessity of forgetting,
those stupid and unnatural party distmctiens
which have been almost consecrated by immtrrio-
rial practice ; and the last must carefully avoid the
indulgence and suppress the growth of those sec-
tarian prejudices which have in all ages been,pro-
ductive of wanton and useless outrages upon huma-
nity. We have been led into these reflections by
the perusal of a long, sensible, and dispassionate
letter, just received from a person who himself
holds no inconsiderable stake in the sister coun-
try, and who, from ocular observation, and with
access to every source of information, expresses
himself confidently on the improved and improv-
ing condition of society in its general aspect ;
while he does not dissemble his conviction of
the utter inefi9cacy of local and rigorous mea-
sures, unless qualified by a pervading principle
of fearless impartiality, and seconded by the dis-
interested exertions of those whose native or ac-
quired influence supplies them withan abundant
power of promoting or obstructing the progress
of national prosperity.—Morning Chronicle.
The system of close boroughs is not to be ad-
mired.
It strikes at the very principle of free
representation. It is condemned by the theory
of our Constitution ; but it has long had the
sanction of that which turns fact into law—
, established usage. Mr. Canning said it " worked
well in practice ;" and MjCanning is the
political idol, the infallible authority of those
" liberal " Papers that are now endeavouring to
excite the popular indignation against the Duke
of Newcastle, for not allowing himself to be
quietly dispossessed of the influence which his
property gives him in one of those bo-
roughs which the " capacious mind " of the
late Premier considered so useful a part of the
State-machinery, that he declared lie never would
submit to have them touched by the finger of
reform as long as he haul the honour of retain-
ing a scat in the House of Commons. If we

rightly recollect, he appealed more than once
from dry principles to historical facts; and in-
stanced the men of distinguished talents who had
been introduced into the sphere of public action,
which their genius adorned, by means 'of those
boroughs, where patronage supplied the place of
established popularity or commanding wealth.
The representation of a county is generally the
appendage of high birth or splendid fortune—
thqt of a large town, where the right of election
is extensive, often becomes the reward of those
dishonest arts and insincere professions, by
which the demagogue can establish an " in-
fluence " as useless or pernicious as any that
emanates from Aristocratic ascendancy. West-

minster, in the full exercise of the elective

franchise, carried Sir Francis Burdett into Par-
liament because he was popular; but does he
attend to the interests of his constituents ? His
popularity was despotic enough to enable him to
nominate a colleague, but it scorned the drud-
gery of giving any laborious application to the
business of the House. Hence Westminster is
far from being so efficiently represented as some
of those places where seats are dispensed by an-
other power than the « sovereignty of the peo-
ple." Newark sends Mr. Sadler to Parliament
under, as it is stated, the influence of the
Duke of Newcastle—and whatever may be
thought of Mr. Sadler's opinions, no one can

truly deny him the credit of great talents, of ex-
tensive information, great research, arid close
assiduity to the duties of a Senator. But he
opposed the Ministers on the Catholic Question,
and now sweeps away the cob-web sophistry of
the theorists of " free trade"—hinc dice lach-
unto ! Had the Duke of Newcastle, instead
of a man of intelligence and genius, sent the
" tenth transmitter of a foolish face" into the
House, we should have heard nothing of the
" grievous oppression" of his giving his refrac-
tory tenants notice to quit. Let us suppose a
Whig Lord—the patron or part-patron of a
borough—having admitted his tenants to the
possession of his houses upon certain condi-
tions, one of which being that they should at
elections so give their votes as to -preserve and
not to destroy his influence in the borough ;
and let us suppose that they should act in direct
violation of this essential condition for a bribe
from another party, would the " liberal" news-
papers raise an outcry of indignation, because
the Whig Lord chose to prevent a recurrence of
such a breach of faith by taking his property
back again ? We cannot say whether this was
the case at Newark, but if it should turn out to
be so, we think the Duke of Newcastle not to

be condemned either in point of Whig logic or
Whig morality.—Morning Herald.

Of all the taxes which it would be for the in-
terest of the Government as well as of the pub-
lic, to reduce, those which affect Newspapers,
whether in the shape of stamps, or of duty on
advertisements, occupy decidedly the most pro-
minent place. There is no commodity, foreign
or domestic, which is so highly taxed as a news-
paper. Out of every copy, for example, the
Government receives fourpcnce as stamp duty—
then the paper itself, on which ne'i are printed,
is taxed—and, finally, from every advertisement,
no matter how short, which appear& in its
columns, the Government receives three shillings
and sixpence ! Altogether, in fact, before a
newspaper can be delivered to the public, the
taxes which have to be paid upon it, amount to
little less than 75 per cent ! leaving only 25
per cent. to account for interest on capital,
the wages of labour, bad debts, and pro-
fits 7—an extreme of taxation, the mere
mention of which ought to be sufficient
to convince any ,:;np of common under-
tiotsnding of its impolicy, not tp say injustice;
for co newspapers however necessary they may
have become to that portion of the public which
can afford to purchase then), are rather articles
of luxury, with which it is possible to dispense,
than of primary need, it is evident that onerous
taxation, in the shape of stamp and advertise-
mept duty, must have the effect, on the one hand
of greatly limiting the number of.their readers,
and on the other, of checking the free exchange
of commodities, by prevent fig op publication of
so many advertisements of sales and noqce,q of
various kinds as would otherwise emanate from
the public. A donble evil is thus inflicted on
the public—the luxury of reading 4 newspaper,
which is highly prized by many who pall OpJy
occasionally indulge it, is withheld from an 4-
tensive circle, and the free circulation of opinion
t4r4w checked ; and on the
impededheot during
her hand,rtilige
trade 'of tnik: country greatly
those times of pressure, it is most neces-
sary that every facility should be afi-orde,d tp it;
the Government
while, to sum tip the mischief,

itself, which inflicts these evils by an inju-
dicious system of taxation, receives less in
the shape of cevenue 'than it would do were
those taxes only the one-half of their present
amount. Fewer -stamps are brought from it
than it would dispose of were the stamp two-
pence instead of fourpence—fewer advertise-
ments appear in newspapers, and a less amount
of advertisement and stamp duty is in conse-
quence collected—less paper is consumed, and
the contributions of the paper-manufacturer to
the revenue undergo a consequent diminution.
Nor is this all. The number of persons em-
ployed in the manufacture of newspapers is ne-
cessarily fewer ; and thus a tax, which appears,
in the first instance, to have merely in view the
readers of newspapers, and the exchangers of
commodities, falls ultimately on those who are
least able to bear it, and aggravates the pressure
of distress by greatly abridging the quantity of
labour which would otherwise be required. We
have been thus minute in endeavouring to show
the operation of the stamp and advertisement
duties on newspapers, because we are convinced,
in the first place, that there is no tax in the
whole code which has a more pernicious effect
on the general intelligence and industry of the
country ; and, in the second, that there is none
which the Government might reduce with
greater certainty of an increased amount of re-
venue. This result has, we think, been placed
beyond a doubt in an excellent article on the
subject in. the Elgin Courier, and which we
shall now extract in confirmation of the opinions
which we have stated.
" We not only maintain it to be in time highest 1
degree probable," says it, " were the duty on ad-
vertisements reduced to one shilling, that every
Journal in the kingdom would have four advertise-
ments for one which at present appears in its co-
lumns, but that those who, under the existing duty,
only insert their advertisements once, would, at the
reduced rate of duty, repeat them three or four
times. Nor is this all : those who in consequence
of the present exorbitant rate. of duty insert their
advertisements in one Journal, would, at the re-
duced rate we are recommending, be induced to
publish them in two or three, if not more, of those
Journals, which might be considered best adapted
fur giving them an efficient publicity. There are, at
present, too, many individuals engaged in trade and
commerce, who have intimations to make to the

propose ; but the public—more especially the
reading and commercial part of it,—would be
benefitted to a much greater extent. The field
of employment would he greatly enlarged—more
paper would be consumed—more type and print-
ing required—the exchange of property effected
much more expeditiously and economically, and
the wants of the public satisfied in various ways,
which it would require too much space to parti-
cularize. Let us hope, therefore, that the public
will cordially join us in impressing on the Go-
vernment the necessity and policy of reducing
the stamp and advertisement duties ; for let it
be recollected that every fourpence which we pay
for stamps, and every three and sixpence for ad-
vertisements to the Government, must again be
repaid to us by the public ; and that though
these taxes be injurious to newspapers, it is the
public ultimately which must pay them, and not
those who are more immediately responsible for
them to the Revenue.—Morning Advertiser.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.

GUILDHALL

A man, between 50 and 60 years of age, named
George Carman, who formerly kept a public-house,
was brought before Mr. Alderman BIRCH yester
day, charged with knowingly uttering a forged bill
of exchange, purporting to be accepted by James
Ellis, Esq., the great hop-grower in Kent.
Mr. Isaac D. Child, a wine•merchant, in Bishops-
gate-street, stated that a few days since the prisoner
applied to him to discount a bill drawn by himself
on Mr. Ellis, of Barming, for the sum of 471. It
appeared to bear the acceptance of that gentleman,
and was made payable at the George Inn, in the
Borcugh. He advanced 50s. upon the bill imme-
diately, without any inquiry, but upon applying
subsequently at the place where it was made pay-
able, he discovered the acceptance was a forgery.
The signature to the bill as drawer was that of the
prisoner.

- Mr. Schofield, of the George Inn, said he was well
acquainted with the handwriting of Mr. Ellis, and
could swear the signature across the bill had not
been written by him. He produced a letter as a
specimen of Mr. Ellis's handwriting, the style of
which was strikingly dissimilar to that upon the bill.
Mr. Alderman BIRCH asked if Mr. Ellis had had,
a good education ?—Mr. Schofield replied in the
affirmative.

The ALDERMAN said he only put the question
because he observed the word " accepted " was
spelt on the bill " exceped."
Mr. Schofield said he believed there were several
of these fictitious bills out. He was aware of two
in particular, drawn by the prisoner on Mr. Criten.
den, a farmer at Burwash, and which purported to
bear his acceptance, and here the word " accepted"
was mispelled " exped."
It was remarked that these orthographical errors
had probably been purposely committed with the
view of securing a technical objection to the indict-
ment, that the bills did not in fact carry the aver-
ment of having been " accepted" by Mr. Ellis or
Mr. Critenden.

public, to which they are desirous of giving all the
circulation in ►heir power, but who, in consequence
of the material difference in the price, prefer rather
to issue those intimations in the shape of circulars
or handbills. Perhaps as great a number of these,
consisting of two or three hundred copies of each,
are printed at the Elgin Courier office weekly, as
there are advertisements in our Paper. But were
the advertisement duty reduced to one shilling►, we
would be able to make our advertising charges so
low as comparatively to do away with the practice
of printing handbills. At all events, those who

meant to content themselves with advertising in one
form, would in almost every instance prefer the in-
sertion of their notices in a public Journal, to their
appearance in the circular or handbill form—for this
very good reason, that in consequence of the great
number of hands through which a newspaper passes,
and the wide range of country it embraces, the cir-
culation of such notices, when inserted in it, must
be fully ten or twelve times as great as in the other
form, even on the supposition that the number of
copies of a newspaper and those of a handbill, were
precisely the same. In this way alone, therefore,

Mr. Child begged that the prisoner might be re-
manded for a few days, to enable him to strengthen
his case, some of the parties interested living at a
considerable distance from town.

The prisoner offering no observations on the case,
Mr. Alderman BIRCII consented to remand him for
a week.

the revenue would receive a very considerable sum
of which it does not at present receive one farthing.
" But fortunately we are not left to mere hypo-
thetical assumptions in support of the case we have
undertaken to make out; the stern logic of unde-
niable facts is also enlisted on our side. Look, we
say, to America, and the columns of its newspapers.
There are there no duties imposed on advertise-
ments; and, consequently, in the public Journals of
one of its towns containing a population of one
hundred thouand souls, there appear at least from

fifteen to twenty advertisements for every one which
appears in any of our Journals published in a town
containing an equal number of inhabitants. Now,
though we are not prepared to maintain that with a
duty of one shilling on each of our advertisements,
their numbers would, for some years to come, be
equal to those which appear in America where no
duties are exacted, yet we are satisfied that they
would immediately increase in a ratio which would
suffice to yield the revenue double, if not triple the
amount it at present receives from them.
" But even admitting, for the sake of argument,
that the revenue would be neither injured nor bene-
fitted by the reduction we are recommending on
advertisement duties, the beneficial influence which
such a measure would exert on our trade and com-
merce, ought to be a sufficient inducement to the
Legislature to sanction it. Any measure which could
contribute in any degree to improve our commerce
at any time, ought to be adopted with promptitude,
but particularly at a time like the present, when
almost every branch of it is in an unprecedently de.
pressed and languishing state. Now, it is in the
very nature of things, and is in accordance with all
past experience, that the more frequently and more
universally any article exposed to sale is kept before
the eye of the public, that article has a proportionally
greater chance of being disposed of, and at the same
time has, in consequence of the number of competi-
tors for the purchase of it, a much greater chance of
procuring a high price. Let this idea be carried into
our commerce in general, and throughout its endless
ramifications, and our readers must be satisfied of
the improvement which would result were the prac-
dee of advertising more generally adopted. It would
he as effectual, and probably not so expensive, as
the present common practice of employing agents,
travellers, &c.
" In times like the present, when our manufac-
turers and artisans of every description are so re-
dundant, and the means of production incomparably
greater than they were some thirty or forty years
since, our commerce must not be allowed to creep
on at its natural rate—or, in other words, we must
not barely proportion the supply to the natural de-
mand. Every thing else is now-a-days in an artifi-
cial state, and so must our commerce in one sense
be. We must resort to every honourable means of
forcing or creating a demand for the articles we
have produced or manufactured; and advertising,
were the reduction for which we are arguing con-
ceded, appears to us the least troublesome, the least
expensive, and the most effective which we could
have recourse to fur the purpose.
" But here again we are happily not left to mere
theory in regard to the beneficial influence which
advertising exerts on trade and commerce ; e can
adduce facts—those stubborn things in proof of
our ppinions on the subject. The most superficial
reader of 4 newspaper must have been struck with
the fact, that those engaged in business who have
once begun always continue to advertise in the pub,
lie journals. There are, indeed, a great many of our
racist respectable houses so much in the habit of ad-
vertising, that we can acarcely glance over• the co-
lumns of a single number of the more extensively
circulated papers without meeting with. their adver-
tisements. And what does this prove ? Simply
that experience, the best of all possible teachers,
has taught them the advantage of the practice of ad-
vert iaing."
In these observations we cordially concur, as
well as in the propriety of the call on the com-
mercial part of the community to join in peti-
ticning the Legislature for a reduction of the
stamp acid advcruspnient duties, with which our
cotemporary closes his excellent article on the
subject. Such a reduction may appear to be
rather our affair than that of the public, and un-
doubtedly the press in all its departments would
be greatly benefitted by the change which we

EOW-STREET.
The new police regulations having taken effect
on the evening of Tuesday, several of the patrol
appeared at this office yesterday morning in full cos-
tume, and their clean and orderly exterior certainly
presented a strong contrast to the dirty sottish look
of the generality of parish constables, and the broken
down appearance of the nightly watchmen.
A man named Ryan, and a woman named Dwyer,
both of them natives of Ireland, were charged with
having been found fighting together, and creating a
disturbance on the previous night in Stewart'sßents.

It appeared that one of the new patrol was pass-
ing the house, when he heard a dreadful noise within,
and cries of murder. He immediately went in, and
finding the defendants fighting, he took them both
into custody to the watch-house. When he was
brought to the watch-house, Ryan charged the wo-
man with having struck him on the head with a
brass candlestick, but when lie came before the Ma-
gistrate, he said that one of the officers had struck
him with his staff.
Mr. Thomas, the supervisor of police, denied that
any of the men had struck Ryan, and said that he
(Ryan) had made it up with the woman, and shifted
the charge from her to one of the men.
Sir R. BIRNIE did not think that the patrol was
quite justified in going into Ryan's house, and taking
him from thence merely fer quarrelling. He wished
to see the new police do their duty with judgment
and moderation. He should take Ryan's own hail
for his future appearance, if called upon.
Mr. Burn, a bookseller in King-street, Covent-
garden, was charged by his wife with a series of ill
treatment. Mrs. Burn was attended to the office.'
by her father, Mr. Hone, the ingenious author of
the " Every Day Book." A profe3sional gentleman,
Mr. Steer, the barrister, also attended on her behalf.
Mrs. Burn stated that she had been married for
several years to the defendant, and had three chil-
dren by him. His general conduct, however, was
so violent, that he had frequently threatened to
break her skull, adding that he was tired of her,
and wished to get rid of her. She went in fear of
her life.
Two witnesses deposed to the violent conduct of
the defendant, and fully corroborated Mrs. Burn's
statement.

It appeared that Mr. Hone, being aware of the
usage which his daughter had experienced, took her
to Sir R. Birnie, and laid the case privately before
him. The Magistrate sent for Mr. Burn, and ex-
postulated with him, and he promised amendment.
Upon returning home, however, he said he cared no
thing for all the Magistrates had said to him, and
renewed his ill-treatment; upon which Mr. Hone
was obliged to adopt the alternative of taking out
a peace warrant against Mr. Burn, as the only
means by which be could protect his daughter froM
violence.
Mr. Burn, in answer, did not deny the charge of
violence, but endeavoured to retort upon his wife,
by sta,ing that he was unable to bear her extrava-
gance,—that she was i►► the habit of pledging his
Elate, &c., and receiving the money due by his
lodgers.
Mrs. Burn said she was forced to do so, as the
defendant never gave her any money for herself or
children.

married persons were not approved of as servants
in the house, and since their discharge it was that
the several burglaries had, taken place at the house.
Soon after they had quitted, Mr. Edge said, he
missed a case of pistols from one of his rooms, and
upon examining. the pistol which the prisoner,
Stephen Sandford, snapped at the watchman on
Friday night last, when making his escape from the
premises of Messrs. Stultz, he (Mr. Edge) recog-
nized it as one of the case that was missing from his
house. He had not the least doubt; he said, as to
the identity of this pistol, because it was one of a
case made a present to him many years ago by a
friend of his, a Captain in the Royal Navy. Mr.
Edge said that he was now almost convinced that
the diffe.rent burglaries committed at his house were
planned and executed by means of the prisoners;
' and on the last occasion when his house was broken
into, when he was awoke, and distinctly heard the
thieves still in the house, he has not the slightest
doubt now but had he gone down stairs, as he first
thought of doing, 1:e would have been shot most
probably with one of his own pistols.
Schofield, the officer, who apprehended the female
prisoner, said that on searching her lodging, in Gage-
court, Clement's-lane, Strand, he found a marriage
certificate, by which it appeared that the two pri-
soners were man and wife long before they ever en-
tered the service of Mr. Edge at all, although they
went there separately as single persons, and strangers
to each other. The officer also said, that the male
prisoner, after flinging away the pistol produced,
which he attempted to discharge at the watchman on
Friday night, he was seen also, doming the chase
after him, to throw away another pistol, answering
precisely the same description, and which a woman,
whom he called " Poll," picked up, and no doubt
this was the other of Mr. Edge's case.
Mr. Edge said, that he had also in his service at
the same time that the prisoners lived with him,
another female servant, whose name was Mary, but
she was generally called " Poll" by the other servant;
and she, too, quitted his service about the same time
with the prisoners.
The prisoner said that she had not seen this other
female servant since she quitted Mr. Edge's service,
and knew nothing at all about her; and she denied
all knowledge of any of the burglaries alluded to.
She was remanded until Saturday, when her hus-
band is to undergo another examination, and she is
also tl. ?.n to be brought up.
LAMBETH-STREET.

Yesterday Patrie(7 Haggerty, a tall athletic Irish-
man, one of the new policemen, of the division C,
No. 110, was brought before Mr. WALKER, the sit-
ting magistrate, charged with being drunk and dis-
orderly in the Mile-end.road.
The prisoner was followed from Whitechapel watch-
house by 200 or 300 persons, shouting and bawling.
George 'Webb, a watchman of Whitechapel, stated,
that he was on duty between five and six o'clock in
the morning in Whitechapel-road, when his attention
was attracted to the defendant, tylio was standing in
the middle of the road in a beastly state of intoxica-
tion. Witness approached the defendant, and found
he was dressed in the garb of a new policeman. The
prisoner no sooner observed witness than he pulled
off his coats, tucked up the sleeves of his shirt, and
offered to fight everybody, and said he could thrash
all the watchmen in London. His conduct was so vio-
lent that he was compelled to take him to the watch-
house, where he behaved in a very riotous manner.
The prisoner being called upon for his defence, said,
" Oh, your wurtchip, divil a bit now can I contradict
a word the watchman says against me, bad luck to
him. Faith now, if I pulled down houses and lands, I
don't know, as the drop of the crater got the better
of me."
Mr. WALKER said the defendant was very unfit for
his situation, and he should represent his conduct to
the Board.
The prisoner exclaimed, " Oh ! I have lost a beau-
tiful place, bad luck to the liquor; faith it has mur-
thered me. Oh, how shall I live for the future !"
The prisoner was discharged, after a suitable ad-
monition from the Magistrate.
HATTON-GARDEN.

Yesterday James Williams was brought up before
the Sitting Magistrates, Mr. ROGERS and Mr.
LAING, from Eagle-streeet watch-house, to answer
the complaint of Charles Field, constable, No. 124,
of the new police, for an assault.
The complainant stated that between eight and
nine o'clock the previous night, he was on duty in
lianway-street, Oxford-street, when his attention
• was drawn to an immense crowd, in the midst of
which the defendant was bellowing most lustily, to
the insupportable annoyance of the neighbourhood,
and by the desire of several of the inhabitants, he
promptly interfered to disperse the crowd and silence
the defendant. Field being recognised in his new
official capacity, he was scoffed at by the mob, who
reiterated, " him, he's one of Peel's—
police," and the defendant becoming bold by the
encouragement and support thus given to him, per-
sisted in continuing the disturbance, and assaulted
the complainant with great violence, struck him re-
peatedly on the face, and grasping the collar of his
coat, tore it down to the buttons. In the struggle
,he received a cut on the band from some sharp in-
strument, but whether it was a knife or not the de.
fendant used he was unable certainly to state. The
inspector, Mr. Coleman, would not allow the com-
plainant to use even his staff on the occasion. While
conducting the defendant to St. Giles's watch-
house, he was followed by an increasing mob, who
still clamoured," -- new police,"
and threatened to serve him out whenever an oppor-
tunity of doing so presented itself.
The Magistrates inquired why the charge had
not been brought before them at an earlier hour, 11
o'clock being always appointed for the hearing of
night charges ?—Field said, he had to go on dut.

again at eight o'clock that morning, and being also
obliged to bring the defendant from St. Giles's to
Eagle-street watch-house, he was unable to attend
sooner with his charge.
The Magistrates observed, they would admit of
no excuse in future. They must have those charges
before them at the usual time.
The defendant being called upon to answer the
complaint, only said that be was drunk, and knew
not what he was doing at the time.
He was fined in the penalty of 205., and in de-
fault of payment was committed for one month to
the House of Correction..
Under the new regulations in the Police, the Hol-
born division attached to this office extended from
Gray's-inn-lane, north and south, to Oxford-street,
Regent-street, Portland-place, and the New-road.
A second division to be attached is in contemplation.
QUEEN.SQUARE.
Mrs. Alsop, of No. 18, High-row, Knightsbridge,
_ _

Mr. B urn was held to bail. applied to Mr. MARRIOTT under the following cir-
Sarah Sandford (the wife of Stephen Sandford,
MARLBOROUGH-STREET. eumstance :
It appeared that on Sunday last her husband,
with intent to • commit a robbrgery, theY house of in custody upon a charge of bu lariousl enter'
F, Messrs.i
d ay o
iSocltti I t
last), pans
the
m.as tailors,
yesterdaya teacher at some of the principal schools around the
Mr. William Alsop, of Wingrovc-place, Spa -fields,
metropolis, had been summoned to the office for not
maintaining his wife and child. Ile had agreed to
Cliffordbro brought
. bt
beforeon
Mr. CON ir'
an, the Magistrate, charged ong suspicion allow her 12s. per week, and there was about 3/. 17s.
due. Mr. Alsop promised most faithfully to pay the
of being concerned with her husbad in the said
arrears on Monday last; and Mr. Wilson, the over-
burglary, and also in a series of burglaries and ex-
plausible manner,
Edge, a gentleman residing in Essex-street, Strand, agreed to take his word for the payment.
from whence many hundred pounds worth of tiro-
Mrs. Alsop now stated to the Magistrate that her
perry had been carried off. - '
It appeared by the statement of Mr. Edge, a and child, and she was quite destitute even of the
gentleman far advanced in
necessaries of life, and in the greatest distress.
years,who attended, that
The female prisoner and Stephen Sandford had been Mr. MARRIOTT said it was highly disgraceful for
in his service, the one as footman, and the other us a man to come to the office and make such plausible
cook, for some time, but they were hired at separate speeches as Mr. Alsop did on Friday; Mrs. Alsop
periods, and it wits
not known that they were at all should have justice done her; as Mr. Wilson had
acquainted, much less that they were man and wife, chosen to take his word for the payment, he should
for a long time after they came to live at the house. relieve her immediately, and he might then have a
In consequence, however, of certain familiarities warrant and apprehend Mr. Alsop.
that were observed between them, end which were ! Mr. MARRIOTT then directed i Ncholson the beadle
deemed improper in the house, they were questioned, to go with Mrs. Alsop to Mr. Wilson's, and see that
and then admitted that they had recently been she received immediate relief.
married privately since they became fellow-servants, ' Mrs. Alsop thanked the ' worthy Magistrate, and
and on this admission they were both discharged, as 4 left the office with the beadle,