The Sun.
London, England, 1845-09-01 00:00:00

11,t, bernin 1 al--7111 Ant

LONDON, MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 1, 1845.

The last intelligence received from America confirms,
to some extent, the anticipations we have more than
once communicated to our readers, " that if we did not
take prompt measures to secure a permanent establish-
ment in California the United States would." It is no
new discovery that California contains the largest, the
finest, and the very best harbour which any naval power
could possess on the western shores of the new world.
From California you can command, as from a common
centre, the entire commerce of the noble and wealthy
regions whose shores are washed by the Pacific Ocean.
You may, with ease, realise the desire of the poet
" Sarvey mankind from China to Peru ;"
and conduct a lucrative commerce, too, with the nations
embraced in the vast area over which your supervision
would thus extend. But if the great naval value of
establishments in California be no new discovery, as we
have said—that value is, from the recent extension of
our reianons with the south-eastern countries of Asia,
newly enhanced. It seems that from experience of the
inferior character of the soil on the ono hand, and the
loss of large parties of emigrants on the other, on their
rash and dreary pilgrimage, the Oregon attraction was
very fast declining with the Americans.

We are told that when the Ashburton left New York,
" the acquisition of California was in contemplation.
The Americans had turned their attention from emi-
gration to Oregon to California. The soil of the former
place had not given satisfaction, so that many who had
emigrated there had gone to California, the land flow-
ing with milk and honey.' " The New York Herald,
with its usual latitude of principle, thus speculates on
the existing state of things :—" That paradise will soon
be more inhabited by Americans than any other section
on the Continent out of the twenty-six United States,
and must, of course, be shortly annexed. The impetuosity
of the people of the Great West for the acquisition of
all the territory to the Pacific is irresistable. Indeed,
California may be the test question at the Presidential
election of 1848, as Texas was in 1844." The gasco-
nading of the New York Herald could be of little impor-
tance, if there were no other circumstances to be
taken into account, which would seem to give
significancy and corroboration to them. Now, unfortu-
nately, these elements are not wanting in the present
case. It is not in the simple fact that here is about to
take place a signal development of that aggressive policy
BS to territorial extension, which we have so often
denounced, in this particular case of California, that
we see just reason for dwelling on this local intelligence
from America. But it is, chiefly, because of the incalcu-
lable preponderance which the acquisition of California
must give to the United States on the prosecution of the
present or any future hostilities between that ambitious
Republic and Mexico, that we lament it. It is also be-
cause of the illustration which such an act of American
rapacity mu't furnish of our own Government's supine-
ness, and want of foresight, that we would present the
matter to our readers as one which is well entitled to
the gravest consideration.
Of course, we assume the truth of the rumour as to
the intended seizure by the United States ; and after
some late occurrences in that line, it will scarcely be
needful
tfroart
eu st
hteo
pe
rnot
he raintoil t
easn
ofy
thisrumour. argument w i t h avvvei ehw to
a ve
nothing, at present, to remark upon the New York
Herald's appetite—so eager, it seems, that the necessity
of satisfying it is "irresistible "—for the acquisition of
"all the territory to the Pacific"—except that so far
as Great Britain is concerned there seems at present no
difficulty in the way of its gratifying these cravings.
Every man who is anxious for the maintenance of a

I general peace, and for the integrity of national rights,
must feel solicitous that neither by the firtune of war,
nor by any other neans, should the United States ac-
quire the dominion )ver, and, therefore, " annex" Mexico
to their already overgrown territory. Every European
nation largely engzged in the pursuits of foreign com-
merce has a direct interest in preventing the species of
maritime monopoly which the United States would in-
stantly establish against all the world if she possessed
the two coasts of the Mexican Republic. But let the former
once seize on California, and the political independence
of the latter is annihilated from that moment. Now let
us meet the consepence of our neither interfering in any
diplomatic manner, nor, in the capacity of an ally, to se-
cure Mexico from this invasion, and we fear we must add
this dismemberment of her territory ; nor (as we some
time ago ventured to recommend) possessing ourselves, by
the legitimate means of purchase and treaty, of that har-
bour and naval station, which, beyond all other
European powers we had a direct interest in acquiring
from Mexico, on the coasts f California. Matters have
now proceeded to a formal rupture between the United
States and Mexico. Whatever designs the former
may have entertained (and they have been ad-
mitted by her) on California, she could not, prior
to this war with Mexico, proceed in attempting to
execute without incurring the hazard of involving her-
self in the much mcre formidable dilemma of a war
wish Great Britian ; the disastrous probabilities of
which, in the shape of its ultimate results to her, even
her in ordinate vanity could not contemplate without
alarm. Up to this point, therefore, her propensities for
California have exhaled in empty words. But now that
war has been declared between them, she may legiti
mately seize the prize which has already tempted
her so sorely. It is very certain she will
retain it with immweable tenacity when once
hers. From California she will be able to drive
the mercantile marine of any other power she
may be at war with, trading with the regions of the
Facific, from all the mters traversed by her cruisers,
except where they happen to be under the protection of
our own. But from California, in the event of her
going to war with us, she can equip and refit her ships
and fleets destined to act against us, under local ad-
vantages, and with resources as to provisions and water-
ing, and naval timber, which neither our own flag nor
that of any other Power, not having establishments
on that long and strangely-neglected coast, shall be
unable to command.

Whilst France, through her journals, is constantly
reviling la ptrfide Albion with her incessant lust of
territorial aggrandisement, it is lamentable and humi-
liating to contemplate the practical commentary on
these accusations, furnished by our abandonment or
apathetic neglect of eligible seats of settlement in every
quarter of the globe (such only as are necessary, we
mean, for the accommodation of our naval forces,
and the protection and refreshment of our commercial
marine), when opportunities are presented to us for their
acquirement by the most legitimate means. I❑ some
instances we have been able to repair this original
neglect by subsequent negotiations, but only through
the instrumentality of large pecuniary sacrifices. It
is thus that in Africa, to say nothing of our having
acquiesced in the occupation of Algeria by the French,
we have permitted ourselves to be ousted out of the best
gum-trade station in the affair of Portendic. In Asia and
in the Indian Archipelago we have tamely conceded
to Russia the right to xclude us from the profitable
trade whieh Circassia, an independent state, is eager to
entertain with us, and we have abandoned to the Dutch,
(consistently enough with the treaties which in 1814
and 1824 we returned Java to the Crown of the
Netherlands),—the monopoly of that which we should
long since have rendered the most lucrative trade in
the world ; namely, the trade of the Indian Islands.
On the north-west coast of America we long since
abandoned to Russia settlements that we were too in-
different about to care to retain ; but the abandonment
of California, without an effort at establishment, may
yet prove one of the most untoward oversights that the
fatuity of our Government has yet committed.

The news from Spain continues to exhibit the sad
spectacle of civil power aiding and abetting military
violence ; of the most sanguinary brutalities perpe-
trated without remorse or hesitation ; of the most un-
called-for, the most wanton murders perpetrated in cold
blood, under a double mockery of law and of religion.
Judicial forms and religious ceremonies are administered,
in equally bad faith, to the wretched victims of an
iniquitous and grinding despotism. Boys of sixteen are
deliberately singled out of crowds who are looking on—
not at any public tumult or active outrage, but, on the
showing of the offenders themselves—at an exhibition of
mere passive resistance at the utmost. A single cry of
execration at the outrages in progress subjects a fine
young Spaniard, in the bloom of manhood, to be
shot to death ; and a like terrible fate is
visited on another hemble but brave and
determined citizen for attempting to resist with arms the
savage violence of the myrmidons of the Spanish Mi-
nistry. If we consider what the deportment of the
Madrid tradesmen, merchants, dealers, &c., really
is that has brought down upon their devoted
heads the horrors that now brood over Madrid,
destroying, like a tempest, whatever opposes it-
self to their headlong career—we must perceive
additional circumstances of aggravation in the con-
duct of the authorities and those employed by them.
What is it that their " passive resistance" is given
to ? Local contributions (in the nature, somewhat, of
our old forced benevolences),—which, whether rightly or
wrongly it is not for us in London to determine for them,
—they consider to be not only unconstitutional and op-
pressive ; but such as, if exacted of them, will
incapacitate them from the ability to prosecute
their various callings. That this is no unreasonable
apprehension on their parts we may well infer from
the fact that vast numbers of the townspeople have given
notice of their intention to retire immediately from
business ; and numberless shops and offices are placarded
with announcements to the effect that the " goodwill" of
the concern is to be given up, the present owners de-
clining all further dealings. Bankers, merchants,
tradesmen, are not apt to betake themselves to such an
extremity as this on any over-strained or abstract notion
of some theoretical rather than absolute or practical
injury or grievance. Military commissions, courts-
martial, prevost law, summary jurisdiction, capital
penalties, instant execution—these are the degradations
which the factions that sustain a sanguinary and cunning
soldier of fortune heap on one of the most beautiful
capitals of Europe. These are some of the indig-
nities endured by the metropolis of a kingdom
that comprises in its dominions the noble
and once royal states of Castile, Arragon,
Asturias, Leon, Navarre, Grenada. There is no ex-
pression of political scorn too strong for the reprobation
of the pusillanimous nobility of Spain. How those
proud houses--the exploits of whose generous ancestry
are associated with all that is most illustrious in the
associations of European story, in the stormy infancy
of the gothic kingdoms, in the chivalrous grandeur of
the Middle Ages—how the degenerate grandees, the
extent and infamy of whose debasement are emblazoned
by the very glories that enshrine the name they bear—
how these men can stoop to become the acquiescing
supporters of an adventurer favourite like NARVAEZ,
or to sanction the excesses of cruelty and folly, the
violations of public faith and the outrages on private
property, which her successive = m.n.s..r.es am eun.
stantly penetrating, we cannot imagine. What has
become of the spirit of her people ? Where is
the soul that once animated her aristocracy ?
The constitutional love of free institutions which, even
from CHARLES V., extorted respect and protection ;
the genius and foresight which wrung from iron hands
and royal grasps the " fueros," that have been the
boasted birthright of the Basques for many centuries—
the high and independent bearing that organised, con-
solidated, and, from age to age—after so many violent
interruptions—renewed the sittings and the delibera-
tions of the Cortes—is this quite extinct ? Has it
perished with the transitory courage that forced upon
that miserable, but crafty despot FERDINAND VII.
the Constitution of 1820 ? But, alas for Spain ! she
is a great political anomaly. She is a concentrated
inconsistency. She threw off the yoke Of FERDINAND,
and replaced her own neck within it, as the first fair
ward of the most faithless even among the BOURBONS.
She poured out her blood and treasure to resist the
rule of Don CARLOS and the reign of religious bigotry.
She frustrates her natural rights, and offers up, the lives
of her people to conciliate so superstitious, so im-
moral, so unscrupulous a person as the QUEEN-MOTHER,
the relict of FERDINAND. She selected ESPARTERO
from all the world for her protector and her Regent ;
and he respected ber liberties and the Constitution.
In return she drove him from her bosom a denounced
and repudiated exile, from the Spain he had served so
long and so truly. She resental on ESPARTERO his too
assiduous cultivation of military support, and she then
permitted NARVAEZ, ConnoVA and CONCHA, to debauch
and enslave the army, with whch he is now mercilessly
trampling over her violated and dishonoured authority—
a parricidal traitor to those alike who resisted and who
aided his elevation to the statioi he has disgraced,—the
Power he has perverted,—anc the greatness he has
abused.

Accounts from ConstantmoOe of the 19th ult. state
that a sudden and unexpected d ssolution of the Turkish
Cabinet had taken place on the 17th. No satisfactory

reason is given for the change, except the inefficiency of - wounded, ao 14 siiba,tern effieers find 162 non-corn-
the extinct body, whose dismissal appears to have missioned ()Cicero and privates killed or wounded. On
given general satisfaction. According to some it is the side of the Mountaineers The loss is said to hee
the act of the SOVEREIGN alone, while others attribute been considerable. SAAIB, who commanded the pr :I-
it to a palace intrigue formed iu favour of certain per- eery, was killed, and DOUBA NAIB, of the great Tchet-
sonages allied by marriage to the Imperial family. The chnia, was wounded.
new Cabinet is thus composed :-RAouF PACIIA, Grand The Three per Cents. closed on the Paris Bourse on Satur-
Vizier ; SULEYMAN PACIIA, Grand Seraskier ; ME- day at 841. 10c. ; the Five per Cents. at 121 f. 60e. ; Or-
HEMET ALI PACIIA, Capitan Pacha ; RIFAT PA.CIIA, 11(.7.1tenrsz
°n Railroadf., Siilaayrrees,
91i,300f2f."5\0ic.rn;o1R) (Imoe7n6f 75c.1,1,031t1i.,:ic,3
President of the Council ; NAFEZ PACHA, Minister of 75c. Spanish* Actives, 36171;• ditto Three per Cent., 38L- ;
Finance ; ALLI EFFENDI, Minister of Foreign Affairs ; ditto Passives, 614; New Deterred Stock, 15i ; Old ditto, 6i.
ACHMET FETTE PACHA, Commandant of Tophany. The following are the quotations for the new lines :-
The Capitan Pacha and the Commandant of To- 5 Orleans and Bordeaux, 218 f. 75c. prem. ; Boulogne, 1321.
phany are brothers-in-law to the SULTAN. ALLI (L t prem.
t e) ;4aoyedsitatroid(itel:inotzealuif.47sfo.cs.o.c.ciilZimi,l.ndnLer-071
EFFENDI, the new Foreign Minister, was some 20f.; ditto (Lapinsonniere), 15f.; Northern Line (Laflittc),
years ago Ambassador at London, and is known as a 90f.; ditto (Rosamel), 42f. 50c.; ditto (Pepin), 29f.; uitto
man of ability. The President of the Council has been t(Dean,oc ; L(elibtetouf()bro3uoifii;arLouBrls. ; alidttoN(ai,t-seiliSMscli.c.e.ndziitet)o,
in former administrations, and consequently of consi- (Jacques Lefevre), 6f. ; Lyons and Avignon (Lecointe),
derable experience. The change has been effected by the 221. 50c. ; ditto (Talabot), 521. 50c. ;:ditto (Compagnie Merl
SOVEREIGN in the most courteous manner, and the ex-Mi- (Vi supaellell)sl%;l I;
o'dCr eeialux andag td. Cette
Quentin(Mackenzie) , 41 f 2.1;
sdoict.t o
.
nisters have been assigned suitable pensions. This shows ditto (Carette ), 7f. ; ditto (Colbert), 6f. ; Paris and
that the Porte is adapting itself to European manners, Strasbourg (Ganneron), 22f. 50c; ditto (liechet), 12f. 50c. ;
and that the use of the bow-string for discarded Chan- ditto (Hainguerlot), 211. ;_Dijon and Mditilahalusen (O'Neill),6ol
cellors of the Exchequer, Borne Ministers, Premiers, if. ;
Lions,ditlO AUG.AA7 ii e g
2r y 8
.) , 2X
v; i
gDnioenp Dieppe, f , r y
and4' Marseillees,r° 1,0871., end
&c., is now given np. The Duke de MONTPENSIER of August; Paris and Orleans, 1,3071., ditto; Paris and
Rouen,
all,lld2l.,rdeau.t ditto;
_o2rBlr
ditto.
arrived in the Bosphorus on the 16th, and proceededistoand Vierzon, 8161., ditto;
to Therapia without stopping at Constantinople.
The Sultan had sent an officer to congratulate the youn BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
g LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, AUG. 30.
Prince on his arrival, and offered him the Kiosk of St. Anglo-Belgian Orleans and Bordeaux
Stephen for his abode during the term of quarantine, Boulogne and Amiens lll4
Bordeaux &Mediterran - Parr Ove.s & Lyons (Lafitte)rYssel
which would expire on the 21st. The accounts from
Bordeaux and Toulouse 21% Ditto (Ganneron's)
Syria are more favourable, but the meeting of the Do. and Cette - Ditto (Calon's).... -
Druses and Maronites had led to no result. Central of Spain - Paris and 0r1ean5......
Dendre Valley - Paris and Rouen
Dutch Rhenish ... lO Paris and Strasburg
Dieppe & Paris Junct. - (Ganneron's)
Dijon and Mulhouse ... - Do. (Compte deL'Est)
East Indian
Grt Northern of France Peppin le Halleur
(Laffitte's)
Ditto (Rosamel's) ... 4 Royal North of Spain
Great Paris and Lyons. 2,11 Sambre and Meuse
Jamaica Junction - Strasbourg and Basle .
Do. North Midland - Tours and Nantes
Louvain and Jemeppe 5l/3 (M'Kenzie's)
Lyons and Avignon.... - Do. (Lefebvre's)
Luxembourgh.. 23/4 Verona and Ancona
Namur and Liege 7 West Flanders
Orleans and Vierzon .. 213%

Madrid journals of the 24th have been received. The
capital was quite tranquil, and most of the merchants
arrested had been liberated on bail. The Gazette pub-
lishes an additional list of new senators, amounting, with
those already published, to 119. Among them are 44
military officers. That journal also contains an official
statement of the late disturbances at Madrid, addressed
by the Political Chief to the Minister of the Interior,
together with the thanks of her MAJESTY to the autho-
rities for their conduct on the occasion. It was under-
stood that the Cortes would assemble about the 10th of
October. Accounts from Bayonne state that Count
BRESSON, the French Ambassador, had arrived
there from the baths of Bigorre, to accom-
pany the Dukes of NEMOURS and AUMALE to
Pampeluna. The fetes at that place in honour of the
French Princes were to be conducted on a magnificent
scale. Mr. BULWER, and the other ambassadors were
daily expected at Pampeluna. Great numbers of
Englishmen, among the rest Sir ROBERT Limas, M.P.
had already arrived to witness the festivities.
On the Madrid Bourse on the 23d of August, the
Three per Cents. closed at 31 at 60 days ; and the
Five per Cents. at 221 at 60 days.

The Paris papers are chiefly occupied with the
boundary treaty just ratified between France and Mo-
rocco. Besides fixing the limits of the Algerine and
Morocco territories, the treaty stipulates that any in-
dividual who shall seek a refuge from one state to
another shall not be delivered up to the Government he
shall have quitted by that in whose territory he shall
have sought a refuge, so long as he shall please to re-
main in the latter. If, on the contrary, he should wish to
return to the territory of his Government, the authorities
of the place where he shall have sought a refuge shall not
in the slightest degree obstruct his departure. If he
should wish to remain, he shall submit to the laws of
the country, and shall obtain protection for his
person and property. By this clause the two
Sovereigns have wished to give themselves mu-
tual proofs of their mutual regard. ABD-EL-FADER
and his adherents, however, are exempted from the con-
ditions of the treaty in these words :—" It is notorious,
also, that the El-Hadj ABD-EL-KADER and all his parti-
sans shall not enjoy the benefit of this convention, seeing
that it would impair the 4th Article of the 10th of Sep-
tember, 1844, whilst the formal intention of the high
contracting parties is to continue to give force and vigour
to this stipulation, emanated from the will of their Sove-
reigns, the accomplishment of which will strengthen
friendship and secure for ever peace and an amicable in-
tercourse between the two States.", The Opposition jour-
nals loudly complain that the treaty is entirely silent on
commercial relations, and the Courtier Francais, with its
usual candour, throws the whole blame on England, repre-
sented by SIR ROBERT WILSON, the Governor of Gibral-
tar. " When a Cabinet selects men," says that journal,
" to represent France abroad, it engages its responsibi-
lity, and it is not probable that it would do so on
chance. M. DELARUE, therefore, enjoyed the confidence
of the Ministry, and we have no reason to believe that
he has ceased to merit it. How then does it come to pass,
that a treaty concluded according to Ministerial instruc-
tions by a special agent, has been torn up, after having
received the royal ratification ? It is melancholy to say
so, but that originates in the negligenceof M. Guizor.
The great man of St. Pierre-sur-Dives has plenty of
other things to do, besides attending to the affairs of his
department. Must he not rally his majority, excite the
lukewarm, confirm the timid, and purchase con-
sciences ? The treaty of Morocco arrived during the
session ; it required only forty-eight hours to examine
it and send it back to Fez. M. GUIZOT could not find
time 1 He kept the treaty for 25 days, and when he sent
it off by M. ROCHE, it was too late. ABDERRHAMAN had
been circumvented by England. Sir R. WILSON, Gover-
nor of Gibraltar, and the declared enemy of France, had
influenced the Emperor of MOROCCO: he had protested
against the advantages accorded to our commerce, and
his representations were only too well attended to. On
the arrival of M. RocHE, the disposition of the Sovereign
had completely changed; he refused to ratify; it was
teo late."
The Constitutionnel takes the same view of the affair.
" France," it asserts, ":had obtained favourable con-
ditions for the commerce between Algeria and Morocco
by the land frontier; however, our Ministry having
ratified this treaty after a delay of twenty days, the
Emperor ABDERHAMAN refused to give it his ratifica-
tion, alleging that his Plenipotentiary had exceeded his
instructions both on the question of the frontier and on
the commercial one. It is asserted that Sir R. WILSON,
Governor
.of Gibraltar, had induced the EMPEROR to
give this refusal. England, who carries on a great trade
with Morocco, was unwilling that our land frontier
should be favoured."
The subjoined remarks on the treaty appear in the
Journal des Debats

" The treaty of Lalla-Maghrnia is not merely a convention
of limits; it is a treaty of principles, the consequence of which
will become greater every day in Algeria. The Emperor of
Morocco did not refuse to have the limits of his territories
assigned, but he was desirous of restricting this operation to
the negotiations already opened, without specifying anything
as to the auth Irity of France over Mussulmans. Notwith-
standing his repugnance, he has been induced to divide the
Alussulrnan population, to call Algeria the empire of Algeria,
to extend the:partition of territory and population far beyond
the Turkish limits at the south, and to recognise our power of
action over Mussulmans who desert our territory from a spirit
of hostility. Thus he, a Mussulman Prince, descended from
Mahomet, Sovereign of the only empire which has not been
invaded by Christian powers, finds himself placed on the same
line as a Christian Sovereign, the same titles, the same ex-
pressions, being employed for both ; an arrrangement which
we regard as very simple, but which could only be obtained
with great difficulty by our negotiator. Algeria, formerly a
Mussulman possession and a simple province dependent upon
the Grand Signor of Constantinople, is called and recognised
by Muly Abderrhaman an empire governed by the Emperor of
the French. He recognises our rights of sovereignty over the
Mussulmans, whom he calls raias subjects of France, hitherto
a thing unheard; h r 1; 1
of .n nrnp_ gn p ornaoy. 110 1.000p213C3
not only the limits established between him and the Osmanlis,
but also that our domination extends as far as the Great
Desert, designating in this part of the country, the country of
muskets, the kessours and the oglas, the fountains which belong
to ue, and the tribes dependant on our empire. Finally, and
the most important result of all, he recognises that we may ex-
ercise the plentitude of our rights over all tribes which may be
found in the little and great deserts, although encamped upon
the territory of Morroco. This clause is directed particularly
against Abd-el-Kader, who lately visited the little desert to
excite its tribes. It is to be remarked that this clause is with-
out reciprocity in favour of Morocco."
According to accounts received from Marseilles, a
collision bad taken place at Madagascar between the
natives and some French and English sailors, by which
seventeen of the former, including three officers, and
three of the latter and one officer, were killed, and about
fifty wounded. Galignani's Messenger gives the follow-
ing account of the affair :

"By a vessel which has just arrived at Marseilles, we have
received the following intelligence from the Island of Bourbon.
The Qneen of Madagascar, having for some time past imposed
onerous and unjust conditions upon the French and English
residents at Tamatave, by which the trade with Bourbon and
the Mauritius, in a variety of articles of the first necessity, was
much impeded, three vessels, two French, viz., the Berceau
and Zell6e, and an English corvette, the name of which is not
stated, were sent to receive on board; the European residents,
who were in great danger from the tyranny of the Queen. A
hundred soldiers of the garrison of the Bourbon formed part
of the expedition. The three vessels landed at Tamatave 350
men, who made a hostile demonstation, but they received from
a fort, the position of which they were not acquainted with, a
shower of halls and grapeshot, which committed great slaugh-
ter.. The French had 14 seamen and three officers killed ; the
English lost three seamen and an officer, and on both sides
there were about 50 wounded. The combined force was, under
these circumstances, compelled to re-embark, taking their
wounded with them. The dead were mutilated by the Owas,
who stuck their heads upon pikes, on the spot where the French
and English had landed. On the following day, however, an-
other landing was effected, and the combined force succeeded
in removing some of the European residents, with such pro-
perty as in the haste could be got together. They then set
fire to a part of the country, and, having done this, the vessels
returned to Bourbon. We shall probably be able to com►nuni
cate further details on Monday."
The St. Petersburgh Journal publishes the official re-
port of the taking of Dargo, in the Caucasus. It states
- - -

;he loss on the side of the Russians to have been one

general and one colonel killed, one colonel dangerously

12!,‘
P
2yB

BANKRUPTCY.—(THIS DAY.)
(Before Mr. Commissioner FANE.)
IN RE GLASS AND JONES.
The Learned Commissioner was occupied a con-
siderable time in hearing arguments in this case on a
summons being obtained under the New Bankruptcy
Law, on which to found proceedings in bankruptcy.
The affidavit set forth that the defendant was the
drawer of a certain bill of exchange which had been
dishonoured by the acceptor, and had been paid by
the plaintiff, who was indorser.
Fur the defendant it was contended that the affidavit
was insufficient for the defendant to be called upon to
make any answer, as it did not aver that due notice had
been given, without which no debt arose. In reply it
was urged that an affidavit like the present was sufficient
even in callir:g on persons to put in bail.
The Learned COMMISSIONER said that in cases of bail
the mischief was not so great as under this Act—it
certainly affected a person's liberty, but he did not
have the whole of his property forfeited as under
the bankrupt law. lie did not consider he was called
upon to decide on such nice points as these, without
text book or authorities. It was the duty of the plain-
tiff to be prepared with them, for he, as a Commissioner
of Bankrupt, did not understand the law of bail, nor was
it expected that he should.

The plaintiff's solicitor said that the want cf notice, if
it had nut been given, was a defence to the action, and
the defendant could easily swear he had a defence, and
then there would be an end to the summons.
The Learned COMMISSIONER said the plaintiff was
first bound to show that the defendant was indebted,
and the question was whether the affidavit made out
that fact sufficiently to call on the defendant to answer
it. These proceedings were of deep importance, as now
payment of the debt, if admitted, was an act of bank-
ruptcy. After referring to several cases the Learned
Commissioners said that it was true, as had been suggest-
ed. that the notice of dishonour need not be alleged even
in the declaration, as non-notice was a defence, bnt in that
case there was no direct interference with personal
liberty. It had bean held by the Judges as a general
principle, that where a question arises as to the liberty
of the subject, the person setting the law in motion was
bound to make out a clear case of right on his part. The
inclination of his mind was that the affidavit was insuf-
ficient, and that the Courts would require a greater de-
gree of certainty, when such serious consequences would
ensue. An old case of Davidson and Marsh, in the Com-
mon Pleas, had been quoted, in which it had been held
that an affidavit stating that a party was indebted as in-
dorsee, without even: alleging the bill became due, was
sufficient. In that case he supposed that the swearing
the person was indebted was taken to comprise every
thing else. The case of Jones and Collins, 6 Dowling,
a more modern case, was just the reverse. Under these
circumstances he would not decide the matter unless a
case in point, or some text book on the law, was pro-
duced.—The hearing was adjourned.

BOW-STREET.-(THIS DAY.)
James Hawes was placed at the bar before Mr. Twy-
ford, upon the following charge :
Policeman F 143, said that about ten o'clock last night
he saw the prisoner in Holborn, talking with a woman,
to whom he was using abusive language. Witness de-
sired him to go on, which he refused to do, and used
abusive language to him, upon which he took him in
charge. _

The prisoner asked several questions of the police-
man, on which Mr. Twyford angrily told him to hold his
tongue. (The witness seemed very anxious to avoid an-
swering the questions.)
Mr. TWYFORD asked the prisoner what business he
was ? to which he answered that he was a bricklayer's
labourer.

The prisoner was about to make a statement in his
own defence, but Mr. Twyford again told him to hold
his tongue. The prisoner said he could call several
witnesses, who would show that the aggression was
entirely on the part of the policeman. He was then
about to call one of his witnesses, but admitted that the
person he was about to call first was not one of those
who were present at the time ; whereupon Mr. Twyford
said that he could not hear any evidence except that of
eye-witnesses. The prisoner wished to call some other
persons, but

Mr. TWYFORD sail he should fine the prisoner 55.,
and, in default of payment, send him to prison for
fourteen days.

MARLBOROUGH-STREET.
(THIS .DAY.)
Robert Barker, a young able-bodied man, dressed as
a farmer's labourer, was chargad with practising the
following imposition.

Police-constable 91 A, stated that: yesterday after-
noon, he saw the prisoner in Hyde-park, endeavouring
to excite charity by pretending that he was in very great
pain Owing to lameness. Sev,ral persons relieved him,
but as he was known to be an imposter he was taken
into custody ; when, to the extreme astonishment of
several of the bystanders, his lameness was discovered
to be mere pretence, and that he was perfectly able to
walk as well as another person. On searching him, a
small amount of silver and copper were found in his
possession. He was committed for twenty-one days.

RE-ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ANCIENT ORDER OF
ODD FELLOWS.—On Friday evening last, one of the largest
meetings known for many years of the above body was held at
Mr. Bea,ley's, the Black Horse, Rathbone-place, it being for
the purpose of re-establishing the ancient order. Mr. W.
Cousins, the recent Past Grand Master, took the chair, and
after the usual ceremonies had been gone through, the room
was declared opened as the New Grand Lodge of England
with 33 P. G. Ms. for founders. The Chairman then, at
considerable length, alluded to the sudden extinction of their
societies, which, as a philanthropic body, had been established
more than a 100 years. Their object was to relieve the widow
and the orphan, and above all never to close their doors against a
distressed brother. In conclusion, he observed that theirs had
been called a secret society, it was a mistaken error; there sever
was any secret about the " Ancient Older ; and he would take
the opportunity of observing, that several persons connected
with the press were present to state that they were always open
to that body, and, 11 there was any secret, it was in the fact
that they did not wish to make a parade of their acts of bene-
volence, remembering never to let the right hand know what
the left doeth. The Chairman was followed by P. G. P. Le-
gassie, P. V. G. Brooks, and a number of delegates from the
country lodges, each of whom addressed the meeting. A num-
ber of new members were then made, and the society separated.
More than 20 members of the licensed victualler? body, who
appeared to take considerable interest in the proceedings, were
present.
_ _

THE ROBBERY AT MESSRS. ROGERS'S.—The large
robbery of bank-notes committed at the bank of Messrs.
Rogers, Towgood, and Co., in the City, must be fresh in the
recollection of our readers. It was enveloped in a mystery
which even the sharp eyes of the Forresters could not
pierce, and their inquiries were, we believe, abandoned
in despair. A circumstance has, however, just come to
our knowledge which may throw some light on this rob-
bery, if not lead to the discovery of the perpetrators.
Three of the notes stolen on this occasion were paid to an
hotel-keeper at Naples by persons staying at his hotel in dis-
charge of their bills. The parties who passed the notes to
him were of such rank and station as to preclude the re-
motest possibility of their complicity in the robbery, or of
their having received the notes in question, otherwise than
in exchange for cheques or for larger notes. The hotel-
keepers arrived in London two or three days ago with the
notes in his possession, and with the full determination of
presenting them at the Bank of England for payment. He
knows the parties from whom he received them, so that a
clue will thus be obtained by which the notes may be traced
from hand to hand, until the first possessor after the robbery
is reached. It may be mentioned that a list of the stolen notes
was communicated to this hotel-keeper by the British Consul
at Naples, but not until four days after the notes in question
had been taken by him.— Observer.
MONSTFR NEWSPAPERS.—Newspapers also have
been seized with the monster infection, and spread it far and
wide. We are sure they will not long remain contented with
being the size merely of a counterpane, but will soon expand to
the dimensions of a carpet. A newspaper and snpplement will
be sufficient, ere long, to paper a good-sized parlous., and leave
a butler's pantry to spare. We expect in time to see a paper so
large, that opposite houses will be able to read it at the same
time by persons in the respective attics and parlours holding
out each a corner of it across the street.--George Cruk-
shank's Table Book.
Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston arrived at
their town mansion late on Saturday night, trona Tiverton,
where they had been for the races. The Noble Viscount
was warmly received by his constituents, who not only cheered
his Lordship's presence on the race course, but also serenaded
him on his arrival at his betel.
Sir itobert and Lady Peel are entertaining A scleo
party at Drayton Manor Stafforctshim .•

"......., ,
iiel ON E V and COMM Li Ha IA Nts L " '-'1
-, 1
CITY, QUARTER TO Tußri?;„,
The sales of Cotton at Liverpool on Saturday were 6,7,
dune Hies, including 2,000 on speculation. The -,thole of the lia.:
nes.; ine was at full prices.—In Shares there were large trsl',
actions at advancing rates.
There are accounts of a late date from various parts of
_thod
continent respecting the condition of the growing cropst,rbe
from these we glean that the yield and quality 1,1,11,0
unequal, for in some parts there are excej."4
prospects, while in others a decided defieietly,,
is calculated on. At present, it is a matter of difficulty' :',",
state whether the crops abroad will be an average or not la
Mark-lane to day wheat is duller of sale, and the bat
weather of the last few days has had the effect of inspiring
decided confidence.
From India and China the market exports vary but littiie
from the last, though some look upon those from the latter P
being *other better.
The Funds opened much the same to-day, and have b.getig
moderately active. Consols for present transfer have reaps
983% to 99, and for time 99% to 4. The fine weather elte!:.
cises a favourable effect on prices, but there ti
occasional sales on behalf of the Accountant-Gen%
and the railways, which check an improvela%
Exchequer-bills have dropped again, being 455. to 4
premium. The Bank of England is supposed to be IP/
seller. Bank Stock has maintained the advanced rate 1
2121,,.' and 213. New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents. Ito
realised 1024 1/2 ; and the Three per Cents. 99% N. .r'
India Bonds have been 665. premium.
II
There is very little doing in the Foreign Market. Span, 1
Five per Cents. are dull at 271, and the Three per CeiL,
at about 381 %. Mexican Stock has been quoted 33% to „
.7.
Columbian 18%, and Buenos Ayres 52. Belgian Four-and.
Ralf per Cents. have been par to 100%, and Dutch Four r
Cents. 99i to 4.
A good deal of business is again doing in Railway Sham'
Cambridge and Lincoln have touched 4%; Direct Northe;
31/2 ; Dublin and Galway, 44 ; Great Southern ,
Western of Ireland, 26% ; Manchester and Buil°oo4
81/2 ; Midland, 175 to 176 ; North British 30 !iej
31; Staines and Richmond, 3% and 41s, South WS,4
61/2. The French lines are very lively, and all at gu-,
premiums. Eastern Counties are steady at 21
Great Western have been quiet at 175 to 176, and Lei
and Bedford, London and York, Birmingham, Brighton, SI/
South Eastern, are scarcely so high as on Saturday.
ONE CLOSS
PRICES OF BRITISH FUNDS. O'CLOCK. Flal/
Bank Stock
3 per Cent. Reduced
3 per Cent. Consele Annuities 997/83/ 99 98
Vew 314 per Cents. 102%e14%1 102,
Long Annuities to exnireJan.lB6o 11 7-16 11 7''''
India Bonds, 1,000/.. ... ... 66 6$
Ditto under 1,0001.. . .
Bank Stock for Account 213 213
Consols for Account .
Exchequer Bills, 1,0001., I%d 45 48 pm. 4
Ditto 5001.
Ditto Small
ONE CLOSI3‘,4,
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS. O'CLOCK. pRIC,
Buenos Ayres Bonds 6 per Cent. 52 52
Chilian Bonds 6 per Cent.— ••...... 11
Columbian Bonds, ex Venezuela. 18% 18
Danish Bonds, 1825, 3 per Cent... 91 ,
' Mexican 5 per Cent. 1837 ... 331/8 33
Ditto, Account 33% 33
Ditto. Deferred
Portuguese Bonds, 4 per Cent .. 63
Ditto, Account — 64.
Spanish 5 per Cent. 1840.
Ditto 3 per Cent.
Belgian 41, per Cent.
Dutch, 212 per Cent .
Equador
Ditto, 4 per Cent. Certific 991/134 99
PRICES OF BUSINESS DONE CLOSIJ
RAILWAY SHARES' PAID° AT ONE O'CLOCK. ERIC IL
Aberdeen
Armagh, Coleraine, and
Portrush I% 212 0
Birmingham and Ox-
Oi
ford Junction
Bristol and Exeter
Dttto New
Caledonian
Ditto Extension
Cambridge and Lincoln 11/2...... 3% 41/2 5,
Chester and Holyhead... 15
Cork and Waterford ... 1% 2
Coventry, Nuneaton, Bir.
and Leicester 1 ...... 23/4 31/4
Cornwall
Diss, Beccles, Yarmouth 112 —.... 2)
Direct Northern
3
Dublin and BelfastJunc. 21/2 Bl/.• 9
Dublin and Galway.. • 212 3% 44 4
Eastern Counties 141. 165...... 20
Ditto New 41. 165....... 7A 5, 2O
4 7%1
Ditto Perpetual, 5 per
Cent, No. 1—.5/. I3s. 4d
EastDereli'm andNoech 1
Eastern Union 3l .
Ditto Extension •
Edinburgh and Glasgow 50
Ditto Quarter Shares 1214......
Ditto New 14 Shares... 5
Ely and Bedford
Glouc., Aberystwith, and
Central of Wales
Grand Union... l% 2% 341%
Great South. and West.
(Ireland)
Ditto Extension
.IS
Great North of Scotland 21/2 —. ...
3
Great Northof England..l 00 225
Do. New .... . ......... 2 ...... 34
..t 11'
Great Western BO ... 176 175 177 ---)
3 Guildford, Fare'm, Ports. 2% ... .. 31A IA .
Hull and Selby 5O
•• 102
o
Do. Half Shares
2 I
Leicester & Birmingham 225. ll4 P
31/4
Leicester and Bedford... 225....... 3q36y2...
Limerick and Waterford 21,4
London and Birmingttm (Stock) 222
Do. 14 Shares
• •• 21„,
Ditto Extension
London and Blackwall. 161. 136.4 d 101
Do. New
.. _
London and Brighton... 50
.... 27
London and Croydon, 13/. 15s. 9d.
Do. New l3s 4d ll/2 3/4
Lon., Chel., 0x.,G10., and 4
Hereford
Loud. & S.Western 411 6s 10d — -.,
15Y0
Do. New
22% .. .. . : ... 712%14 7
Do. New
London and York
London and Windsor
London, Salisbury, and "'
Yeovil
Londonderry &Coleraine 21,,,; 3% 4 ... 4,6
London and Manchester
(Remington's)
Lynn and Ely
Lynn and Dereham l% 4% ............ ...
Manchester and Leed5... 76
Do. 1/2 Shares
Do. Sixteenths ... 414 —
Manchester and Birrnin. 40
Do. New Quarters ... 2
Manchester,Buxton... -

4
217
134
14
73
11

,n,and
'Matlock 225.
Midland... 100
Do. New
Midland, Birm., Derby...loo ...... 134%
:Newcastle and Darling-
ton Junction 25 ...... 5714...
Do. New Brandling l5 •47
Ne wea.tle and Berwick 11/2 18%8% 19
Newcastle, Durham, and
Lancashire Junction... 13‘...... 5% ... .....,...•,
Newly and Enniskillen. 2% ..... 33/4%
North British
Do. New
Northern and Eastern... 45
N. Kent & Direct Dover 23/4.. .• 514 3
North Staffordshire 22s. ...... 51/2 4% 514 p
North Wales
Norwich anti 13ra 1/z
ndon... 14
Do., New
Oxford and Worcester... 21% 9 8j 9%
Portsmouth Direct ...... 91A 6:h 7% 6%
Preston and Wyre
Richmond 5 - -
Rugby, Worstr, & Tring 1
Shrews., Wolverhamp.,
Scottish Central
Dudley, and Birm 2%..... 714 8 71/-........
Shrewsbury and Trent
Valley Union 22s.
Shrewsbury, Hereford,
and North Wales ...... 2% -
South South
EMaisdtlearnnd
8,4.. .
D..
0.. v. .... ...... .. 36 35
...
South Dev0n...... 20 ....
4d... 48
8 7% p
............... 12
Do., No 2.
Do., No. 3
Staines and Richmond... 1
South Wales 2l/2 ...... 6 % .
Trent Valley 2 ... . 19%34... ...... ..
•
Trent Valley and Holy-
head Junction
Warwick & Cheltenham 114 —
.
Waterfd,Wxfrd,Wicklw,
and Dublin
Welch Midland
West Cornwall /i ...... 5,%1 5 5% ..... ~
1 14... •..
_ .........
Worcester, Shrewsbury _ „.

il
26
' 134
5714

and Cre;re Union ... :. 1%... .. 4%:5%
York and Carlisle 23/4 ...... 514 614 •..
~......
..
..
Vork and North Midland 50
.... 108 ...
Ditto Scarboro' Branch. 25
...... 54 ........ .....
Do Selby
......
Do. Extension ......... 114 ...... 251% 24% -
FOREIGN RAILWAYS.
Anglo-Belgian... ......... 4 ...... 6H 5
Boulogne and Amiens-. 6 ..... ......-.-
Bordeaux and Toulouse 2 21% Bordeaux, Toulouse and
Cette ......... .... ..... 2 ...- 2IfG%
Dendre Valley ........ .. 2 ...... 24%
Dijon and Mulhouse ... 2 l2l. ..
Dutch Rhenish ........... 3
Great North. of France
(Laflitte's) ........... 4
(Rosamers) 2
Great Paris and Lyons 2
.
Louvain and Jenieppe... 4 ... • 5
Lyons and Avignon 2
Luxembourgh
IAI
Namur and Liege
Orleans and Bordeaux... 4 ..... 1214%
Over Yssel 4/ 3s 4d
Paris& Lyons, Laffitte's 2
Paris and Lyons, Gan-
neron's, ... .
Paris
ss
a&nLdyoornlesa, (nC2,alon's)
Paris and Roucn
Paris and Strasbourg
(Ganneron's) 2 ...... 31/ii
202 ......
5.61p2143/4 ........
. •,,,. • •
„,).(con, pt ede L'Est) 2 ..... • .351/4„
Peppin Is I-lalleur ....... 4 .. ..
....,,,
Rol•al worth of Spain ... 2
Sambre and Meuse ~... 6
Tours and Nantes, Mac-
kenZie'3
Do. do (Lefebvre's) 2
Verona and Ancona._ ... 3
West Flanders 2

5$
5
37 434'

1
9,ii
4;14

b
1
108
64,L
274A1

12

MINE.

254
2
21
9AI

Real del Alonte,Unregi,!.

714
24
0)

5

232
50
42

S
4s
1 s

21
43

Sincerely do we regret to have to record the de'
cease of General Sir William Hutchinson, which occursed
Cheltenham on Wednesday last... United Service Game.