Star.
London, England, 1830-03-11 00:00:00

I '

r.
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ference, thought hale and prudent to give star support to the es.
tablishment of the**conetkuden In that country, in ardor to more
the good will of the party there attached to the ematitution *fit/
land. Mr. Canning, at the time, fairly thought, that if the a
tution were established with the aid of England, the gratitude of that
party attached to it, for our exertions, would render the connexion
between the two countries still more intimate and advantageous. By
the countenance then afforded to the constitutionalists, we induced
them to come forward and risk their lives and fortunes in supper of
the constitution ; and, now, by the policy which we since aidapted,
we delivered them up to be massacred by Don Miguel, or punished
and degraded in any way that his malice and cruelty could devise.
We abandoned them to be sacrificed in their own country, or to be
driven out of it; and what was the species of refuge we afforded
them here ?—(Hear, hear.) But upon that point he should not
dwell now, as the right hon. gentleman opposite (Mr. Hunt) was
pledged to bring all the transactions relating to Terceira before the
house. He would only say, that one mind appeared to pervade all
these transactions.—( Hear, hear.) But it was asked, why suspect
the conduct of England in these transactions ? Why suspect It !
6' Who finds the heifer dead and bleeding fresh,
And sees, fast by, a butcher with an axe,
But will suspect 'twas be that made the slaughter?—(Cheers.)
if there were not pounds for suspicion, wh not let us know
thing relating to these transactions?—(loud cries of "hear
" Peace," " peace," was now the word. He (Sir F. Burdett)
trusted that this country was not so fallen in condition and in
energy as to be afraid of war. The minister who would declare
that this country durst not go to war, did not show any respect
fur the honour and character of the country which were here so
deeply concerned ; and if the mere word " war" were to silence
all argument upon the subject, then he (Sir F. Burdett) would
say that in that case the nation was undone.--(hear, hear, hear.).
Though greatly distressed at present, this country, when com-
pared with other countries in Europe, possessed always sufficient
resources to maintain its honour. War, undoubtedly, should be
a last resource, but if necessary, this country was escapable sever
to maintain its honour and put forth its powers. (Cheers.) If an
English minister should get up in the House of Commons and say,
t hat this country was not in a state to go to war for the defence of
its. honour and character, then he (Sir F. Burdett) would say that
some heads should be brought to the block. (Hear.) A greatman,
whose memory he respected and admired, and than whom no
man could be a greater enemy to war—he meant the late Mr.
Fos—had well said, that the cases In which war might be dispu.
table, were those which included a war for aggrandisement, which
was dishonest; a war of ambition, which was indefensible; and a
war of interest. which was disgraceful ; but he added, that when..
ever our honour was concerned, we should be always ready to
stand torward in its defence, and that unless we did so, we would
be no longer fit to hold, and we could not hold, our station in the
eyes of the world. Was a dread of war to induce us to recognise
the despot Don Miguel—

" lilonstrum a vitio nulls virtute redenipturn ?"
Was it come to this, that the least resistance being exhibited on
his pan, we should submit at once, and all because, as the right
hon. gentleman opposite (Mr. Calcraft) had asserted, that we were
unable to go to war ? (Hear.) That was the surest way to involve
us in war; and if we were net prepared at all times for war, we
could have nothing but a disgraceful, miserable, and unprofitable
peace. (Cheers.) He could not believe that we were unable to go
to war, after what had been said by the noble duke at the head of
the government in another place. Indeed, the present adminis-
tration seemed to be composed of ministers who, like the fabled
monster with two mouths, spoke one way in one place, ant:
ar.other way in another place. (A laugh.) Peace was now
the word. England, it appeared, no longer dared to raise her sten-
dard of glory aloft before the world, and to bear her streamers
against the driving thunder-storm, and all the winds of heaven; no,
rile must now yield to every wind that blows, and even to the blast
ut Don Miguel : and must she be content to put her honour in her
pocket because the Minister of War declares that she could not go
to war? air. Canning was not the man who would have adopted
such policy, or have brought this country to such a pass. If we
are hot able to go to war, why, in the name of common sense,
.ticiald we retain our present immense military establishments P—
sby out at once

Doff the lion's hide,
" And hang a calfskin on those recreant limbs r—(Cheert.)
If the heart was gone,—and in truth the head seemed not able to.
direct the heart or hands to any noble enterprise,—if that were the
case, the sooner we got rid of our enormous establishments the
better. The right hon. gentleman (Mr. Caleraft) had argued
the question as one of pounds, shillings, and pence. If that were
the proper view of it, what did we want with missionaries ? and
why keep up an army of soldiers and diplomatists ? (Hoar.) If
we were only to mind our own shop, and.not hay* any thhig to do
with the affairs of our neighbours, we' sheeld at least get a chance
of saving our money. He was sure that the people of this country
would support ministers in any wise course of measures for the sup-
port of the national honour. The noble lord had made out a coins
plete case fur the production of these papers, and he (Sir F. Burdett)
did not see how they could be refused.
Mr. CALCRAFT explained. He never meant to say, accord.
ing to the extravagant misrepresentation of the Member for West-
minster, that this country was not able to go to war.--(hear, hear.)
He never conceived a doubt on that point, where there were good
grounds and just cause for our going to war, but he contended, and
would still contend, that no such grounds existed here.
Mr. PEEL said, that in rising upon this occasion, he felt
it necessary to ask for more than the usual indulgent consi-
deration of the House. He could not but regret that It had
been deemed advisable by the Noble Lord, no doubt for good
resems, though he (Mr. Peel) could not divine their nature.
to submit to motion of this important description to the house, upon
day which was usually devoted to relaxation, and upon which
titer. was a distinct arrangement and understanding =wag men
et ail parties that no public business whatever of any cense-
(h:MX should ever be brought forward.—(Loud and general
cheers.) His (Mr. Peel's) time had been ao much and so inces.
santly occupied, in consequence of the lateness of the debates
during the last two days in this house, that he really conceived
he had some claim upon the noble lord's forbearance, and that
he had some right to expect that such a motion as this would
out hare been brought forward on this day, which was a soil
it parliamentary dies non.—(loud cries of ei hear, bear, hear.")
He (Mr. Peel) had been detained in the house, by public busy.
beet, till tour o'clock this morning. (Hear, hear.) lie *as after.
wards obliged to devo.e a considerable portion of the day to the
transaction of public business connected with the office in which he
presided. and which could not be postponed ; and he felt, therefore,
that he ercered under great disadvantages upon the discussion of
this question. (Hear.) He laboured under this great disadvantage,
tiort while his noble friend had an opportunity to select his potions I.! attack, without considering it necessary to communicate pre-
viously to goverrinent the points which should be made the edict
et his attack, he (Air. Peel) was called upon, on the part of his Ma. J. sty sgovrrnment, to enter upon an explanation of haneactioas thth web' spread over a wide extent of surface, which embraced a an.
wiltrinie period of time, and which did not particularly relate to the peculiar department over which he (Mr. Peel) presided. Noiwith.
stsuding these disadvantages, however, he trusted he should be able to give a satisfactory answer to the charges and 41:11:auon* of his noble friend. In doing so, however, he hoped al-
lowances would be made for the peculiar situation in Which be
(Mr. Peel) was placed, and for his inability to refer publicly, at present, to the documents and particular facts of the case, which
would furnish a complete refutation of the Noble Lord's charges.
And here he could not avoid declaring, that in the whole course of
14 public life lie had never found his prisete feeling. clash so much
soh those public considerations from which he could not, coasts-
t...tly ai.h his views of the public interest, depart 0 occasion.
If he could refer to all the papers connected with those transaction
taey would furnish a most triumphant answer to his Noble Friend; wey would afford a full explanation of the whole ease, and they
would %hew why his Noble Friend had selected some of theme Iran.
sections toe animadversion, and why he had prudently abstained from
referring 19 others- He (Mr. Peel) was confident that even without
tof rice hose ducunienis, lie should be able to give a satisfactory vindisadoo
condca of his majesty's government, and oldie cause which,
as a minister of the crown, he thought it most proper to pursue la
tefertnee io the interests of that country with the administration
wf
tee affs.rs of which lie was charged. Ihe 100. baronet, the member
ter M'emirister had made a speech that could easily be made, for
he Lot only spoke for himself but against himself. It was
stay to make charges against his majesty's ministers, and than call
,40). Olin to ans s er them, when the expressions to which they had re.
"Psere IltVtr used on this aide of the house: His eight hon. friend
nYthaster ut the Forces, had sufficiently aaswerrd for himself an.
that h. ad. it wale ceser asserted on this side of the house, that this
country would be unable to sustain a war, whenever a war would, be
,!4"nrY sad just. He conceived that of all the just cum., of war,
ninon of the honour of a country was that which was most
.162_17. could conceive few cases in Which mere cootriders:
of interim could justify country for • involving itself in
.",01 so..curred moat cordially with the doctrine of Mr.'
te.ni. , that Ole hest vindication which a country emikl plead fee
of ther'g
in war was, that it was accessary to the vindication
Knits nag' honour ; but making a concession of all these
lairif • to the honourable baronet, he still thought that it was mat-
or legitimate inquiry, whether, when we'srere invited to awe
nby 1.0 war therwas any engagement expressed Vf=ailat mad*
the coi.i.try, yml or inoral obligati= My ion ut
interest wh
t 44 'eh required it to involve itself In that war, or to hold
r 7,
rmenacing language, which, if it were dloiregarded, left us no
native but tile commencement of war..—(llww, War.) did iVe llkat tither his noble.friend or
tharlioasurable bayonet
lit7st occeie e him io be arguing the question unfairly, if,
nuking aciiiiissions, he proceeded to annelid that it

~~ .

1 1, .
was our interest not is involve mmelves In wan, me* for 1
petit
and parataatst easkifirefisa. He deeWiellia. hie at
iltw
net conider hiss as stain Me
.sles assumed it to be this s—dist Ids =ode was.
first, that there wen emits eltrennienlsr enleleem
Mpelled this country ts pursue a dillieent annie Sum dee
which It actually had pursued. His amble Shod did um Mote Idiu.
elf to be an advocate for war.....bis nobasikind had become tams—aud
Obstefore he would merely say on that Wiest, that if war were
necessary, let us have war; bat if it mum* vacessary, let us net
senjure up such a phantom to deter moo lb= Ihillowle. the dictum
of reason. His noble Mend, be repeat* died set that we
*mid go to war—he claimed that we should do emeadlistg dir.
from that, though he did not state what thee sentething
t="t should be; he said that we should hays sum ead a dif.
tone in the language which we addressed to the Government
of Portugal, and that we should have enforced certain rights
which we possessed by treaty, and which we had failed to enforce.
His noble Mend had likewise said, for he had taken down his words,
We bawdy slunk from the engagements into which we entered,
and we have legal claims on Don Miguel which we have failed to en.
force." Now, if he was not much mistaken, be should be able to
show, that if we had basely slunk from our engagements, his majes-
ty's present advisers were not the only persons who ought to bear the
disgrace of such misconduct,--that if we bad failed to enforce our
legal claims on Don Miguel, the noble lord and his friends were
equally implicated in such failure; for the period when the execu-
tion of sueb engagements, if such engagements there were. could
have been most-efectually compelled, was when his noble friend him.
self held office under the aown (cheering), and at that time he had
never heard from his noble friend any of those remonstrances which
be had made so vehemently that night. (Cheers.) He would admit
to his noble Mend, that even supposing that there ware no express
engagements, there might be moral obligations on the contrary
which ought to have the same force. He would in the course of
his speech consider that question fully, and would inquire whether
there were any engagements expressed or implied requiring our
interference with the government of Portugal, or whether there
were any moral obligation possessing the face of a formal con-
tract. He must here stop to vindicate the memory of his late
right hon. friend, Mr. Canning, from the imputations which had
been thrown on it that night, if the assertions of the hon. baronet
opposite were well founded. He must contend that the whole of
Mr. Canning's, language in that house, and the whole of his written
communiettUns with foreign ministers, which were on record, con.
tradicted the assertion, that there was any thing either in the mode
he which the Portuguese chaster was granted, or in the mode in which
It was conveyed to Lisbon, imposing any obligation upon England
es mintain It in fall and undiminished integrity. If our troops
Me, is it was contended, sent to Portugal to interfere with the in.
Menai institutions of that country—
' Mr. E. DAVENPORT (we believe)—Nobody said that.
Mr. PEEL understood the noble lord and the hon. hart, to have
both said, that the circumstances under which the charter had been
carried to Portugal excited expectations there, which we were bound
to realise. If that were so, how was it to be reconciled with the lan.
gunge of Mr. Canning ? Mr. Canning had not disapproved of Sir C.
Stuart's conduct in bringing the charter from the Brazils to Portugal ;
as to the granting of that charter, England could not be responsible
for it, and he would therefore leave it out of consideration; but be-
cause Mr. Canning had not disapproved of Sir C. Stuart's conduct, his
noble friend argued that expectations were raised in Portugal which
we were bound in honour to fulfil Now that was not the view taken
by Mr. Canning of the consequences which were likely to arise from
the charter's having been conveyed to Lisbon by a Portuguese agent,
who happened to be a British subject. The directions which Mr.
Canning sent to Sir C. Stuart were, that be having left the charter
at Lisbon with the parties who were commissioned to receive it,
should return immediately home to prevent any such impression
from being made either upon the Portuguese people, or upon other
nations. That was evident from the language of Mr. Canning's des.
patch to Sir W. A'Court. On the 22d of July, 1826, he wrote thus
to Sir W. A'Court t " It is the anxious wish of his Majesty'. Go-
vernment, that nothing may have brim demo by Sir Charles Stuart,
whether under the commission of the Emperor Don Pedro, ot at
the solicitation of the Portuguese authorities, which an be liable,
either in Portugal, or throughout Europe, to be misconstrued a
an authoritive interference in the internal concerns of Poured.
Should any thing of that sort unluckily have occurred, his ma.
jesty's government relies confidently on your excellency for
doing away the impression which it would be calculated to
by a discreet use of the explanations and declarations, contained
in my despatches to your excellency, and in those of which I have
transmitted copies for your information." Again, on the same
day, Mr. Canning wrote thus to Sir C. Stuart :—" It is the de.
sirs and determination of his majesty's government, to avoid,
as far as possible, the appearance of any direct interference of Bri.
dub agency in as establishment of the new order of
in Portugal" He did not suppose that any gentleman things
contend, that-because Mr. Canning enjoined Sir C. Stunt to avoid,
the' appearance of British interference, he intended to authorise
him to any on that interference in a secret manner ; by no means.
Mr. Canning intended to deny the existence of any desire on the
past of the British government to interfere in the establishment of
the new order of things in Portugal. Mr. Canning expressly said,,
that he founded his approbation of the charter on the implied assent
of the people of Portugal to it : and in a despatch, dated the 17th
of July, 1820, and addressed to Sir W. A'Court, he says—" It
appears to us, upon the whole, that the best chance of a soft
and tranquil issue to the present extraordinary crisis in Por-
tugal will be to be found in an acceptance (as immediate ao
may be suitable with the importance of the measure) of the
charter of Dori Pedro, coupled as it is with his abdication of
the throne. Any othet course must, as it appears to us, be
full of danger." But what did Mr. Canning say afterwards ?
" But if, nevertheless, another course shall be pursued, we shall not
be the has anxious for its peaceable and happy issue, than if it
were one which we had ourselves asiserL" He thought that he had
now satisfactorily shown that Mr.-Canning had never admitted that
he was responsible for the establishment of the charter in Portugal;
and that the bringing of it to Lisbon by Sir C. Steen, who though
a British subject, was a Portuguese agent, was no claim upon Dag.
land to support that constitution against the wishes of the Para.
gorse nation. (Hear.) The next point which be had to notice in
the speech of his noble friend referred to the primal el Vienna.
His noble friend, and after him the honourable baronet, had both
argued thabeause the signature of a British minister was attached
to. that protocol, we bad contracted an engagement to see that
the engagements into which Don Miguel had entered were faithfully
observed. As the house had been told that this motion had been
made not so much with a view of obtaining any new documents, as
whh a view of costing a censure upon his majesty's government, he
hoped that the house would, although it was an unprecedented night
fur debate, listen so him with tsm whilst be entered at some
on the defence of government. The circumstances under which
we parties to the prosocol of Vienna ware very fully explain.
ed in a despatch sent by Prince Metternich to 'Maw Esterhary,
the Austrian ambassador to this counhy, and by him communicated
to this government (Hear, bear.) Honourable members would
find it at page 29 of these papers. (Hear, hear.) He could
smug the house that no 4nstructioea had been given to Lord
Cowley, the British Ambassador at Vienna, to be present at the con-
fames between Don Miguel and Prince Esterhaty. The intention
of Don Pedro to constitute Don Miguel his Lieutenant in Portugal
was known at Vienna, and was communicated by Prince Metter.
nich to Don Miguel. In consequence of the excitation which then
unfortunately prevailed on the minds of the people of Portugal, it
wits thought necessary that Don Miguel should go forthwith from
Vienna to that country. Prince Ileac el& proposed to him to go
thither by way of Patio and London. To this plan Don Miguel
expressed great reluctance; and this was the manner in which
Prince Metternich. explained the matters on which he invited
the British Ambassador to a confirence.—fice p. 32. " See-
keg ourselves thus animal in our progress by the unexpected re.
sistance we had met with from this young prince, 1 determined at
once, confidentially, and in the fullest detail, to make the British
ainbassador (whom I had previously informed of the object and end
of my conference, with the Portuguese plenipotentiaries acquainted
with all that bad pissed between them ad me, and ween his
niejessy and the infant. I afterwards invited Sir Henry Wellesley
to meet these gentktun and me, to take together into con.
sideration the means which we could yet adopt, in order
to overcome the resistance of as infant, and, in the event
of our not succeeding, to concert such measures, as, with
the consent of his government, from which we • Were quite
ekterwaileof nog sic separate °limf s. in this giliar, it might
be necessary to adopt without delay, in onkr not to potting such a
doggerel's .ssatr-ef things. in Portugal." finch ware the chow
stances, he repeated, under which Lord Cowley had become a pity
to that protocol. Bet Lend Cowley wryer Gorged to MO: did
Don Miguel should pedant the ts into which be bad
entered towards Ids brother and towards his countryman. He Imo
se guarantee for the execution et those eopgatiento—(luier,
hear.) He was nothing momthin a witness to their having-bear
*nawle--(bsee, bees); and thus he thcatibt that there was an sad
to the weenies that Load Cowley, and through him the Milli
Hermitian, was a party to die tit which Deo.bliguel
formally made with h brother and w th his people6.-(beas; berm)
His noble friend had likewisa seated that there has •agmtosel de
London signed by Don Miguel previous to his departure fee
Lisbon, and that. such protocol must have been duet en beim
DoeMiguens arrival her,, as it was alluded to in a despatch what
about the same time from Lisbon by Sir F. lamb. (Hew)
He stitLhot feel himself at liberty to state to the house the som.
tents of dm protocol; for in arguing on °facia deetucelitil, If
which he had desermlool to 'dose she" plodoetams, he ANA mien
think it right In describe their contents. Whenever these Omit~
mina ehoold be Smug% to-a deal *me, sbetimelimmilmboabl
be pewiejted, and then his noble Mend would ese that theme was
no engagenient, either express • vir implied; eempellist Its tare-
vent Don Miguel from acting as he had done. (Hese, hear.)

rtir;r.7-

Moab shun had ban laid, in the came of the debate. en the tips
=of the British troops in Portugal when Does Om
at Lisbon, and afterwards wise he commenced Ida Airtime
41110 SON if his brothers or at any rate of his brothaelriesgb•
ten • Ace Mewl tale to be the most impoetaat pert of bis noble
Mare gm*, ad he know that it was that which had emoted
the gems* terriemies es the sea His noble friend had mood
that the appmanes of our keeps in Portegil was a direct interference
in its Internal gBlrs. "It mattered not whether it was intentional
or not," he said, s' but a direct interference it certainly was." It was
true that the iliritish troops were at Lisboa when Don Miguel arrived.
It was true that instructions were given to our commanders to
avoid interfering in the internal dimensions of Portugal, with this
proviso, that in care of necessity, they were to grant protection to the
members of the royal family. said the hon. gentleman opposite—
" Nothing could have been more easy than for us so have retained
pomade') of the facts on the Tape," and on that point he agreed
with the hon. gent. that if we were right to go to war with Portugal
to support the constitution, or to control Don Miguel, the time tor
going to war, or for using those menaces, which, if disregarded, leh
no alternative but war, was when Lisbon was occupied by oar forma.
Could there be any question upon that point P The period during
which we had 4,000 or 6,000 efficient troops in Portugal, was the
Ceirwhen it would have been most expedient for us to interfere;
lien we omitted that opportunity, and directed our troops to
withdraw entirely from Portugal, we abandoned all right of inter-
ference for the future. It was only tight that he should state to
die house that the British minister had withheld the order for the
withdrawal of the troops, contrary to his instructions, but in con-
formity with what he considered the interests of his country. The
British government, in the instructions which they had given him,
had maintained the position laid down by Mr. Canning—that
the troops were not sent to take any part in the internal dissen.
DIM of Portugal ; and thus they were allowed to stay at Lisboa
when Don Miguel arrived, and also when he assumed the Royal
and usurped the Throne of his brother. The British lei.
from good motives disregarded his instructions, acting therein
with each perfect propriety as to receive for it the approbation of the
Government at home.—(hear, hear.)—His reason for disregarding
them was his desire to ascertain whether there was any engagement
binding us to correct the extraordinary conduct of Don Miguel, or
whether the interest of the country required that a menacing tone, or
even war, should be adopted towards him and his intrusive govern.
ment. All this took place, he ought to observe, after several appear-
ances of an Intention, on the part of Don Miguel, to assume the royal
authority, and to place himself upon the throne. The decree for
convening the Cortes at last came out, having the royal signature,
instead of the signature of the king's lieutenant, attached to it. The
question, whether it should interfere or not, then came regularly
before the British government, and yet, though such was the ques.
lion brought before it, the order that every British soldier in Por-
tugal should he withdrawn was repeated—and, if he was not mis.
taken, the letter which contained that order bore the sipature of
William Huskisson.— {immense cheerio .) Thus, if the King's go.
vernment had basely slunk from the performance of itsengagements,
it was at the very time that it could sheave interfered with the greatest
effect ; and if it were base to slink from the performance of such
engagements, the King's present advisers were not the only per-
sons obnoxious to that imputation.—(great cheering.) There was
another circumstance to which it was painful even to allude, but
to which he undoubtedly must allude, because it formed one of
the combination of c'rcumetances which led his noble friend to sup.
pose that we were under engagement to make Don Miguel perform
his contract towards his bra and his people, and that was the
oath which Don Miguel had taken before the emperor of Austria,
the Ring of England, and the British government, to stand faith.
fully by the constitution. (Hear.) He admitted that such • pro-
mime was given in the most solemn, and that it had been violated
in the most shameful, manner. Goa forbid that he should say one
word in vindication of Don Miguel's conduct upon that had.
(Hear, bear.) He was well aware of the alliance which his noble
friend was sure to form with the sympathies of all who heard him,
when he had to deal with the engagements of a person upon whose
character such reflections could be east, and cast with justice. He
was also aware that his noble (deed had availed himself largely of
that natural sympathy which be was sure to excite when he pleaded
in behalf of that young person whom we admitted to be the legiti.
mate Queen of Portugal. He (Mr. Peel) was bound as a Minister, to
consult the great interests committed to his charge, and to decide
on the merits of the question, not by listening to appeals to his feel-
ings, but by pursuing the dictates of reason and expediency. It was
true, then, that Don Miguel had disregarded the oath which he had
sworn to his brother. What weft the circumstances under whkh that
oath was disregarded—how far the violation of it was in con.
phases with the prevailing feeling of Portugal,--were points into
width be declined to inquire, for he was not prepay to vindicate
thus. ((ssers.) He had, however, head it whispered that the same
dresseetemes had happened before in the same family, and they
might thseshee entitle him to have some allowance made though he
(Mr. Pal) sineitted that they could not palliate his oblivion of the
esommesed ts. (Hear.) Honourable members could not
have forgettom fiat the Brazils had been separated from Porta&
gal some years age in nearly the same manner as Portugal bad
recently been separated from the Brazils. He was afraid that it
somehow or other had happened that Don Pedro had contracted
towards his father engagements similar to those which Don Miguel
had contracted towards Den Pedro. He was afraid that it likewise
had happened that Dun Pedro, relying on the stamen of the peo-
ple, had violated his engagements towards his father as decidedly
as Dos; Miguel had since violated them towards Don Pedro.
lie (Mr. Peel) had some reason to believe that when Don Pedro
was administering the Government of the Brasile in the name
of his father, he took the following oath. [Here Mr. Peel
read a long extract from a letter of Don Pedro to his father,
Dun John, King of Portugal, in which he protested to his Majesty
that be never would be a perjurer. That if the people of the Bra-
zils were mad enough to think of elating him Emperor, the election
should not be until he and all the Portuguese in the Befalls were cut
to *ems, and that he swore all this faithfully to his majesty, writing
is his own blood, *give It greater ethcacy, his'oath to be faithful
to the king, the Pentiguese nation, and the constitution.) (Loud
aim of “ HOW, hear.") Circunimtences arose shortly afterwards,
which proved the value which Doe Pedro set upon this oath.
The prevailing feeling of the Brazils was so strong in favour of
erecting the Brazils into an independent state, and of separa-
ting them from Portugal, that Don Pedro felt that he had
se. alternative but to yield to that feeling and to declare himself
Emperor, if be wished to pawn any amicable relations with Per.
tugal. It was true that the cases of Don Pedro and Don Miguel were
net ; for in the case of Don Pedro there was not even the
*Wow an obligation made with England ; than was enough
et reemitiesse between them to show that they ought not altogether
lothimpod the way in which these engagements had been violated
Innonselior member of the royal family of Braganza. There was
another argument of his noble friend, which might appear to pos.
mess some importance—A' You repudiate," mid his noble friend,
" all interference now, though I have shown that all your former
course has been a course of interference. I claim your adherence,
net to your exception, but to your rule. You have interfered often
before in the affairs of Portugal, all I ask of you is to interfere
again now." Now this, he begged leave to say, was a fallacious
argument. He admitted that England had often Interfered with the
affairs of Portugal the relations of England to Portugal we so
peculiar, that it was impossible tot England not to interfere in them.
We had guaranteed, In repeated treaties, the independence of Per.
fugal; and that guarantee gave us • right to interfere in the ma-
:segment of her elflike. His Noble Friend had said, " You inter.
feed at Vienna about the separation of the Brazils from Portugal,
and also about the appointment of Don Miguel to be Lieutenant of
that kingdom t why do you net interfere for the restoration of the
charter P" He (1110 Peel) could tell kis Noble Friend shortly why,
We interfered in the case of the Brazils, because under our media.
den a negotiation had been entered into for separating the Brazils
from Portugal, and foe placing the crowns of the two countries on
different beads. When Don Pedro, by the death of his father,
united the two crowns on his own had, we were compelled by the
treaty which had been signed under our mediation to interline in
order to compel him to make his election of the crown which he
would prefer to wear. The treaty of 1826 rendered it necessary for
us to call on Don Pedro to fulfil his obligations under it, and to se.
parate Portugal and the Brazils for ever. Such interference as this
might possibly be found by his noble friend in numerous
cases ; but where could his noble friend And any interference
ea our part with the Internal regulations of the government of Per.
P (Hear, hear.) We had been related to Punnet for up.
nods et her centuries, and in that time many champs bad ocatured
In tie hen of government of both counuies. There were treaties
hoed with Portugal in the reign of Charles 1.. and also in the
time et the Commonwealth, and by those. treaties we were bound
to nothing more than maintain. her independence against all
'smallest& When the Emus met la 18E2, and claimed our In-
to:fame in• their behalf, what was the answer given to their ap-
Oaths by Mr. Canning P It .was this.—" We have undertaken
, and are ready at All hazards to guarantee, the lade-
pas Portugal from foreign powers, but we bays nothing
to do wkhoind we decline to Interfere in,. its burred regulations.
He therefore said that there was no moral obligation, hay.rg the
force of a hound obligation, arising from our past interference in
the allialso.offorruga4 which anti upon us to interfere at present
hr the • noistaiint of the charter. But then came seethes qoestioo—
,did any andheatiees of interest compel us to interfere otherwise
then we Whim had interfered ? He really did not understand
the coures•whielt hie noble friend wished the Government to
posse& We, had ashes • may other alternative but war, or the
"mama of war. We had withdrawn ens. . minister from Per.
4111 PI dine, Ws and be was withdrawn mtill. The English
thakaa was generally known, become the 'manatee for
CM, I4ifent of a loan made in_ this country to Pon Miguel. The
sessep.seemns 1.441Vb1e1. )iti• somas Don Miguel.refused
take the oath of fidelity to his brother and uprise charter, the Bri.
dab minister sent back the first instalment of the loan, which had al.