The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-26 00:00:00

GAS METERS.

TMPORI ANT to GAS COMPANIES and CON-
JL S UME RS of GAS. All the inconveniences arising from
Gas Meters getting out of action, and ceasing to register (to
the great loss of Gas Componies and serious inconvenience to
Consumers) are prevented by using THOMAS EDGE'S IM-
PROVED METERS, with Patent Lever Valves. These
Meters are approved of by all the London Gas Companies, and
will entirely supersede those made in the common way with
guide wires.
Meter Works, Great Peter-street, Westminster.

THE COMPLEXION.—GOWLA.ND'S LO-
TION removes all impurities and discoloration' of the
skin, and promptly re-establishes a clear andhealthy toneof sur-
face, while its sustaining properties in obviating the effects of
variable temperature upon the tint of the Complexion is veri-
fied by the continued freshness usually limited to the earlier
periods of personal attraction.
" Robt. Shaw, London," is in white letters on the Govern-
ment stamp, without Which it is not genuine. Prices, 2s. 9d.,
ss. Cvd:,
_quarts 13s. 6d. -

Sold' by all Perfumers and Medicine Venders, of whom
may be had Shaw's Mindora Oil, for the Hair, price 3s.

MECHI'S 255. DRESSING CASES, in Rus•
sia leather, invented by himself, are the cheapest, most
portable, and most complete ever introduced, with hair-brush
and soap-dish, 355. ; ditto, with a great variety of instruments,
555. ; the French pouch dressing-cue, 41. 6s. ; the Blucher,
31. 10s. and 31. 15s. ; ladies' silver dressing-cases, Si. 15s. and
upwards ; desks, workboxes, leather writing cases, and dis.
Latch boxes, pocket-books, card •cases, and envelope-boxes.—
Manufactured on the premises 4, Leadenhall-street, London.
A show-room up stairs for dechi's splendid stock of papier
metre tables, tea-trays, &c. •

(From the "Report on the Sanitary Condition of the
Labourinli Population of Great Britain.")
Mr. Chadwick Jones, after having made as
careful an examination of the evidence collected
as he was enabled to make, recapitulates the
chief conclusions which that evidence appears to
him to establish, which are given by him as
follows :—•

First, as to the extent and operation of the
evils which are the subject of the inquiry:—
That the various forms of epidemic, endemic,
and other disease caused, or aggravated, or pro-
pagated chiefly amongst the labouring classes by
atmospheric impurities produced by decom-
posing animal and vegetahle substances, by.damp
and filth, and close and overcrowded dwellings
prevail amongst the population in every part of
the kingdom, whether dwelling in separate
houses, in rural villages, in small towns, in the
larger towns—as they have been found to prevail
in the lowest districts of the metropolis.
That such disease, wherever its attacks are fre-
quent, is always found in connexion with the
physical circumstances above specified, and that
where those circumstances are femoved by drain-
age, proper cleansing, better ventilation, and
other means of diMintshing atmospheric impu-
rity, the frequency and intensity of such disease
is abated ; and where the removal of the noxious
agencies appears to be complete, such disease
almost entirely disappears.
That high prosperity in respect to employment
and wages, and various and abundant food, have
afforded to the labouring classes no exemptions
from attacks of epidemic disease, which have
been as frequent and as fatal in periods of com-
mercial and manufacturing prosperity as in any
others.
That the formation of all habits of cleanliness
is obstructed by defective supplies of water.
That the annual loss of life from filth and bad
ventilation are greater than the loss from death
Or wounds in any wars in which the country has
been engaged in modern times.
That of the 43,090 cases of widowhood, and
1,,000 cases of destitute orphanage relieved from
the poor's-rates in England:and-Wales alone, it
appears that the greatest proportion of deaths of
the heads of families occurred from the above
ages were under forty-five years; that is to say,
specified and other removable causes; that their
thirteen years .below the natural probabilities of
life as shown by the experience of the whole po-
pulation of Sweden.
That the public loss from the premature deaths
of the heads of fainilies is greater than can be re-
presented by any enumeration of the pecuniary
burdens consequent upon their sickness and death.
• That measuring the loss of working ability
amongst large classes by
the instances of gain,
even from incomplete arrangements foe the re-
moval of noxious influences from places of work
or from abodes, that this loss cannot be less than
eight or ten years.
That the ravages of
epidemics and other dis-
eases do not diminish but tend to increase the
pressure of population.
That in the districts where the mortality is the
greatest the births are flat only sufficient to re-
place the numbers removed by death, but to add
to the population.
That the younger population, bred up under
noxious physical agencies, is inferior in physical
organization and general health to a population
preserved from the presence of such agencies.
That the population so exposed is less suscep-
tible of moral influences, and thiseffects of edu-
cation:are more transient than with a healthy
population.
That these adverse circumstances tend to pro-
duce an adult population short-lived, improvi-
dent, reckless, and intemperate, and with ha-
bitual avidity for sensual gratifications.
That these habits lead to the abandonment of
all the conveniences and decencies of lite, and
especkily lead to the overcrowding of their
homes, which is destructive to the morality as
well as the health of large classes of both sexes.
That defective town cleansing fosters habits of
tile most abject degradation, and tends to the de-
moralization of large numbers of human beings,
who subsist by means of what they find amidst
the noxious filth accumulated in neglected streets
and bye-places.
That the expenses of local public works are in
general unequally and unfairly assessed, op-
pressively laid uneconomically collected, by se-
parate collections, wastefully expended in sepa-
ieieoxg iistitn s existing lawe e ution, for tile protection of the
such as the Courts
sepa-
rate and inefficient operations by unskilled and
practically irresponsible officers.
That
l
public health and the constitutional machinery
for cati :n
Leet, have fallen into desuetude, and are in the
re
state indicated by the prevalence:of the evils
they were intended to prevent.
Secondly, As to the means by which the pre
sent sanitary condition of the labouring classes
may be improved :
The primary and • most important measures,
and at the same tune the most practicable, and
within the recognised province of public admi-
nistration, are drainage, the removal of all refuse
of habitations, streets, and roads, and the im-
provement of the supplies of water.
That the chief obstacles to the immediate re-
moval of decomposing refuse of towns and ha-
bitations have been the expense and annoyance
of the hand labour and cartage requisite for the
purpose.
That this expense may be reduced to one-
twentieth or to one-thirtieth, or rendered incon- ,
siderable, by the use of water and self-acting
means of removal by improved and cheaper
sewers and drains.
That refuse when thus held in suspension in
water may be most cheaply and innoxiously con-
veyed to any distance out of towns, and also in the
use, best form for productive u iced that the loss
and injury by the pollution of natural streams
may be avoided.
That for all these purposes, as well as for do-
mestic. use, better supplies of water are abso-
lutely necessary.
That for successful and economical drainage
the adoption of geological areas as the basis of
operations is requisite..
fic
That appropriate -cienta arrangements for
public drainage would Afton_ "
.important facilities
for private laud-drainage, Which is important for
the health as well as sustenance of the labouring
classes.
r. •
That the expense of public d ainage, of sup-
plies of water laid on ill houses, and of means of
improved cleansing would be a pecuniary gain,
by diminishing the existing charges attendant on
sickness and premature mortality.
That for the protedion of the labouring classes
and of the ratepayers against inefficiency and
waste iii all new structural arrangements for the
h
l heat,
protection of tile public and to ensure
public confidence that time expenditure will be
beneficial, securities should be taken that all new
local public works are devised and conducted by
responsible officers, qualified by the possession of
the science and skill of civil engineers.
That the oppressiveness and Injustice of levies
for the whole -immediate outlay on such works
upon persons who .have only short interests in
the benefits, may be avoided by care in spread-