Star.
London, England, 1808-02-04 00:00:00

ad Noce Murat, the French General, al, rived wheathebleckade of the &kite Isbeath, as As
".•;ninediately sent to the King of Sweden, in the as related to intercourse with the. liontinent, woeld
-7....ae0f /3c,naFarte, inviting him to became his ally, ao longer be a vain word." This Bulletin published
"-Tirintingthat. Norway..might
_he'gii;eri to S • at. Hamburet..could point to no other Power than
go of sweden =.ly, communicated Durk. when immediately upon the rectitiedia.
TO °•'g the preset Regent, and offered him .tion of France and Russia, the tenatory of. Weights..."
Rion to
Iwr— stoops to defend Holstein. The English Go- .burgh was restored to its lavefal owner,' :the brother.
„010 t't (an
td in that respect the late Ministers. aci an4ase 4 the .Emperor of nosaia, even, then !the
1.0"-ted
vnth greanpropriety) strongly recommended to Wench Weil 1:0:109p*UlliliOn.Of the ports of Rostock
&Curt ci C to accept this cdfer of 20,000 and Wismar,.
of
order to -exclude. British continerck.:
.re- ; but tba-071-1:74-Denn.sarkthol!ght proper to The Duchy of Oldenburghwas restored- on Aim*.
--t- this advice, and uever etunniunicated the pro- =Adana. Mere was. Wt.:VT treaty with. BO"-
Liddy enemy respecting . Noiway. After this .parte entered into of which was not the.founcla-
ro;unstance, there was no meson to *rely impli- tonna principtt ardele.i. had been for
otii either on the good faith of Denmark or her six months " shrinking into her shell." to 'avoid
The warning, however, which Denmark re- giving offence to Finset n• and. it.could not be 'sup:,
Zthoi• het danger from ltrance did not end them posed that she:. wooldingin to- oppoie , her aiiiiiiiii
gorhurgh was re-occupied by the French on thel9th when that oppeeition Inuit be evidently hopeless.
and, two clays after, the celebrat- Against the French decree- the Coirt of Dentnirk
inoyember, 1806, , •, , , ,
rid decree came out, declaring the British islands in a made norentonstrance ; bat the necessaky act of retalia-
nate of blockade. This decree produced no ninon- tion on the part of this country was duenipdinsuffeM:
or complaint (is he believed). from Denmark; bly oppressive and ical... She diclait'aneletitere
but, when in two months after, the British Govern- `defend her frootiers again France, -and *4 menaces
meat found itself obliged to take some steps of mid- were exclusively against this .cou
had neglected to take the
ga" ce from the Danish government, fall of fury, measures they had, done, they would' hase been justly
Gen-
and expressing a determination to resist. He must do exposed to the whole thunder of the eloquence of Gen-
the late Administration in admitting, that tlemen on the other side. Rumours had also reached.
to
baskstheyrsid manfully these remonstrances and preten- i this countryfrom Fetersblugh,fromMemel,from Ham:
' .of Denmark, and that they were determined not !burgh, and from almost every point of the Continent,
seen
to „tpid to Denmaric, but at the same time he was not ?that General Bernadotte's army was &Stine& to oc-
021T-of the exact course they intended to pursue.— i cupy-Holes. • Public orders were. giren it Hain-
who in these circumstances were considered, he was iburgh to provide. etrarters f0r.15,000 Freoch soldiers;
orr there was not a man alive who could doubt, that
.i who were only the' advance& guard Of a much inn . .
k were obliged to choose between France considerable army which was tct be, colleCted there:. \
and drit country, she would, whether from predate- What other- purpose on earth could there he fint:col-
don or eear,determine for France. This appeared to lectiug such a large array at .Hamhurgh, Nul *co (*-
um to tiorobat he did not think it possible by any cupy yolstein,- orliully-Benneark..inepuchlithe acts of
Marionf argument to maintain the contrary opt- hostility agiinst• this country. • The; _ "li Minister
when the Governmentof Haniburgh at liatulnusk,- M. Botrriasisee yrebh. fa:Owed, than
\
to Bonaparte at Posen. to represent such was its dentination. Whet., evidence could
to him the -absoluternia which that-city was exposed be required of the-inability-of Denmark to resist the
to; the answer was, "that the commerce Of Hew- demaods of Fran& The-Right Hon.. Gentleman was '
burgh, as well as of the whole of the 'Continent, *mistaken when he supposed that there newer was. an
so interwoven with the interests of that he intention 'of askiog. For a:deposit cif the • Danish fleet I
lashed commerce tosuffer ;" and again, itt speaking. merely during OW war, Tamar had been such an in.
tit them of the Prince Royal of Deamark, Ise said, tention.; but wh&4r, 30.ckerin arrived at Copenhagen.
•kt that little. Soveeign: take care of himself, or I he foupd•fifit the Psieett.Royal "ass; tridelt. and that
eal teachhim how hi &sold act."(Leud crier of-Itegri 63:ttect:115.ftiasittrif-bast-t*an , toect. sin his idr-r
ker,fresathe Opposition ierseker.):* 4 appeared to him, science:and. wheals arrkeed at ' be 'wad there
that the lOUtitiollX•wida vihichthis was cheered, shewed toll nothing could be'. agreed nine Witholit. nu
that the Gentlemen on the other side suit retained Apnea! from Copenhagen. . .Uoklair t*eiiiitaini
same confidence in the arguments they intended to. co, it would evidently have hstni,.,,,n -paste' of. tints
ine, although the case was entirely falling away from;; to continue negotiating longer, Stitki a neghtiatloie
tistm. He was surprised to hear his Right Honeturo-1 could have led.to no use(Olaconchuitit t it waslikea•
ble Friend (Mr. Sheridan) join so loudly in that-cheer-iprotracted. negotiation -for about .twf mouths -(Me.l
kg, as he himself had . formerly confess4-that if I Fox's negotiation with :Francs), where so miChtittswi
it could be made out that there was no power in `hail been spent merely la Arm:t whether soine.per--,
Denmark to resist the declared intenticarof France, son or other had.not note Main. nee of a exiircedar
in such ease the necessity must be admitted. If.' expression atthe basis agmesketfor oescitting'Avhen
the Right Honourable Gentleman leydred, i inn the short and.simple way witeatkimq.kitect at nice.
formation of Cie particular instances whsch - proved Will you now agree to.that,lsaintifear ! hear 1)
the disposition of Denmark to submit, he 4belit Fent ....Itwas therefore no time forking protraited nego.o
state to him, that such had been-the decided-opinion eintions. A large force had . been necessardy osmoses.
of the British Resident at that Corot. (Mr. _Canning bled,, as without that it would have _heel% •ridkultatte.
here read a long letter from Mr. Gorham, dated in to have made. sock .eropoiels; ind solid the fetes
the month Gf December, 1806 ; in which it is stated, was there in a•rnenactng situation, andthiaivertures.
that as soon as the French entered Harnburgh„ and , not accepted, there was no other ibuilezbithut -
Patasised their decree against commerce, the ?Mee What had been necessarily resorted. to. 'As:AS the -4...
Reyelrnade every preparation to retatatfromHolstein, olated dignity" the-Daniihnntion, tho. Very &splay,
cze:and that he believed there was considerable danger of of force befere C might be considered:
...ivere
proposals being made respecting the Dock-yards at a violation of that •'..: If one -of our cruisers.
Copenhagen and the ships.) In fact, it never could had searched a single ' ship,- or stopped t Oar.
- - - . -' -. .to 'Zealand, this *gilt. nho Ise

bi Aunt-a:al that the object of the French, when it was
expected that they would occupy Holstein, was merely
to shut the ports of Husunt and Tonningen against
the English. If they occupied Holstein, they must
have ultimate views on the Danish navy and the na-
vigation of the Sound. Plowever lightly the Right
Hon. Gentleman (Mr. Ponsonby) might beinclined
to treat the chance of the French getting over from
Holstein to Zealand, a Noble Lord (Howick) who
they held the situation of Secretary for Foreign Af-
Airs, did not judge of it in the same way ; for, in his
answer, at the same time that he expressed his Ma-
jesty's regret for the situation in which Denmark
was placed, he said, “ that it was impossible for his
Majesty to agree to any arrangement which would
put the whole, or any part of the Danish navy at the
disposal of France." The idea, therefore, of the
French getting possession of the Danish navy, did
not appear quite so absurd to Lord Howick as it now
did to the Right Hon. Gentleman. He was not stir:
prized, however, that some Gentlemen on the other
side would think that the occupation of Holstein
gave the French no better chance of taking the Danish
fleet, than their taking Alexandria gave them of
seizing the Turkish fleet. (Geier of hear ! hear ! ) He
supposed by this loud acclamation, it was meant that
Gentlemen thought that no step ought to have been
takea until the Danish fleet bad actually surrendered
to France, or until the Danish Government officially
communicated that it was their intention to surrender
it. If the Danish army in Holstein could at all be
considered as a precaution ainst France, the time
for making use of it was before the French had corn-.
pletely triumphed over the Allies ; but after Bona-
parte had returned from Poland with complete suc-
cess, it was ridiculous to suppose the Danish army
weld ever think of opposing themselves to the Con-
queror of the Continent of Europe. The Right Hon.
Gentleman, however, thought the greatest indignity
in the world to an independent nation, was to ask
her to surrender her navy. This was an itty
which the Gentlemen on the other side bad found
Oat, when even the uncivilized Turks could not agree
to such a proposal. ( Hear ! hear !) He supposed that
it was from that example they had learned how
im-
'Politic it was to make such a demand; but he thought
it was rather hard that Ministers should new be ar-
raigned by the attackers of the Dardanelles, by the
conquerors of Constantinople. (Loud cries of hear!
hear!) If the Right Honourable Gentleman, how,
ver, had quoted that example, be should have
said there was still a difference ' • for it was a known.
fact, that the Court of Denmark had made a pro-
posal, through the Prussian Minister, to sell part
of her fleet. From this circumstance it would seem,
that Denmark did not consider her national honour so
very closely connected with her navy ; for it was ins•
possible to suppose a case in which this country
ever think of or listen to, a proposal for selling any
Part of its fleet. At the time when the present Mi-1
litters came into office, this was the situation in
"zhieli they found Europe : The French Bulletin
declared, a that the time had probably new at-

me_

f we iktifiAli
Gentlemen bad, however, p i
ed, .
tires attic:lei 0f:TU..14 why did we ask fee Atte idiiit
I.l'hat Right Hon. Gentleman might have Intottla
Vs experience in that profession which he had ed.
adorned, that questions are very
*often asked. on •
that are known, namely, to judge by the mowers of
4dierlistiositicio of the porton to whom they were put.
!Ifilitilf.tee bond vri& the Government for not in-
.it Russia when they suspected hes
' d ' to be hositle,.the obvious. answer was, that
tk.eirsetthe frildern ctrest .of this country
_to 07'6-
liitte•Rusda, and Wig her back, if possible, to her
'true policy. .144 might have the right to go to war,
with Russia ; but it did not therefore follow that it ,
was a cluty. It voitild besides have been foolish to
lrattepi essed lifc ppetihigen'arici the Danish navy, to
qsave attacked a few old hulks at Cronstadt. The,
'causes of the alienation of Die mind of Russia car.
,tainly existed before the expedition to Copenhagen.,
Out of twenty dip, from the Marquis of lo*--;
gilts, thetre_efereAtit
_Mat than five which did ziotsay,;,
~1 Send stance M. guide.; she expects the Fes-,
F- sere of the war to be hi 'smite degree taken off from
her ;" and yet no assistance had been sent. Lord
Hutchinson had also stated in a letter of the 20th of
July, a feVidays after, the negotiation at Tilsit, “ that '
- I
there were. Man/secret articles, some of which, it was
supposed, relate& to Turkey, and others to Sicily ;
that it was notorictailthat the French influence was
yeedominvierletteda.,'-and that' the greater part of
,Ike nation4idflok statist 'ngland. Under such cir-
0V1r04410, he tliceilbst knot improbable that men-.•.ight eveatuallf-he. 'taken against the British
'ppuig. . AlkOttgli ;the present fifinisteri knew of
thisulienation in' dao-minct of Russia, which took.
place tltif cline-into office, they still proposed'
to the of Antsia to mediate, with respect
to pence, .with Denmark, 'and there was nothing.,
whiefi they could have done, that would have given!
RttssiO a h4hor cliaraetir as protector of the Bakic--
but kassia.alisolutely refused to mediate, because she
disapproved of thh act ; and yet it was supposed that
this country was implicitly bound to accept the medi-
ation of Russia, although there was every reason to
suppose that power had entered into, hostile projects
against this country. He animadverted on the con-
duct of. some Gentlemen on the subject of the Polish
and French revolutions. If he looked at the changes
And disorders of Eimer, could he be restrained from
looking at that which first broke into the rale of civi-
lized society ? Was riot that the great
. evil to which
Gentlemen ought to look, in their view of the calami-
ties that had befallen Europe ? Some of those oppn-
atitr to him had earlYthlt, and. strongly expressed their
:sense -of the miseries produced by the extension of
'French ascendancy and French opinions. There was
'notnow in Europe any question as to the balance of ex-
isting' States., One power alone had devoured all that.
was left of European independence, and had swallowed
upon the rights and privileges of the rest : that inordi-
nate ,and domineering Power was now employing all
the resources and all the efforts of every Power in i
:Europe, and had combined them all in one general
t estem, republics and monarchies, for the purpose of
big them_ together in union to oppose us. The
.exterit of. the scheme, and the extent of the danger.
•and thi7estotrrilliet *employed to carry it into effect,
- `allAntiquated crimes at a distance. The Right
Him gentleman had not proceeded one inch in the
sarpOrt of his afgolsonu. Ministers were to meet
the impending danger.: they were to meet it, not by
suffering it to augment.. but by those means in their
•power which would- best _avert it. They had done
-0o : they _might hoe done otherwite.k they might
hive sunk-under it.; and hive enjoyed the consolation
of having the authority of fuffendorf to plead. He
then proceeded to instance the case of the Island of
Madeira, in the year 1801, when it was captured by
us, lest it should fall into the hands of France. Great-
'Britain then acted by the superiority of her maritime
force over that of France, and took possession of that
island without the consent of Portugal. It was true,
that instructions were sent to our Ambassador at
Lisbon, requesting from that Court an order for the
surrender, on the grounds of the policy on which we
proceeded ; but at the same time the expedition was
sent out ; and, in point of fact, the island was taken
before the order was received from the Court of
Lisbon. Now, certainly, in this case, the danger of
a formidable fleet was very small, indeed, compared
to the case of Depmark. British valour might, in
that instance, as it is now alledged, have disap-
pointed all the hopes entertained from the use of
the Portuguese fleet. He would state this as a con-
vincing argument, though there was comparison
as to the magnitude of the danger, of the pnn-
ciples on which those who opposed this measure
had acted on other occasions, and, as he should
suppose, would have been likely to act in any si-
milar emergency. This was not the only instance
he had it in his power to cite. There was another
quite of a parallel nature, which proceeded from old
morality itself. It the month of August 1806, the
late Ministers, in consequence of an apprehension that
France was about to invade Portugal, thought proper
to send out a fotce to the Tagus for a purpose which
formed a very striking exception indeed to the general
principles of the Right Hon. Gentleman. In order to
shew this purpose, the Right Honourable Secretary
read the instructions given to Lord St. Vincent, as
Commander of the fleet, on that occasion. These in-
structions, after describing the object of the expedition
to be the counteraction of the designs of France
against Portugal, directed, First. That if the Noble
Lord should, contrary to the expectation entertained
here, find that Portugal was able and willing to defend
herself against a French invasipn, he should snake
that Court an offer of the utmost succours in the
power of this country to afford. Secondly, that if the
Portuguese Government .Considered such resistance
impracticable, the Noble Lord should propose to it a
removal to the.Braalls ; aotinnPaoied tiy the tender of
rem; 'aid:necessary to the promotion of that object.
And' thirdly.thit in case neither of these two proposi-
tions should succeed,. the Noble Lord should adopt
such 'other urea uses as might appear-expedient to de-
feat the designs of the enemy t and. particularly to
bring.,nwaythe Portagoeselloet,..togother wi the per-
sona Mid nropetty of such Aritish snbjects aths were to
be fainid, ;along*. Thenecompluhment, however,l
orthie pbje*t. the Lad vaaParticulasirdirec-
ted let to attempt. until a military force, 'which was
tolinie. been hitched after him, should arrive in
the /goe. . TO this were added Some farther instruc-
tions to: ,140111. Lord, "joining him to take care
that as alarm should' be given on the arrival of the

poral's guard going _
called an attack upon the nation ; and up-on this sub-
ject he should quote a prat 'authority upon the law
of nations, which he held in his hand. The great
modem expositor of the law. of nations, whom- the
Right Hon. Gentleman, in the religious pareof his
speech, seemed- to consider as a special instrument in
the hands of Paovionses. Bonapeste• who, in his
tender concern for the interests of this Country, al-
ways took care to few an e-.;position of his sentiments
at a time that would bear on a Parliamentary debate,
had given in a Men;teur which arrived this very day,
a sufficient proof of what would have made him consi-
der Denmark as in a state of hostility with France.—
When the Austrian Minister Stahremherg wasrecalled,
he was particularly ordered to leave London by the
20th, as Parliament were to meet on the 21st, and the
Moniteurwhich has arrived this day,has given an expo-
sition of Bonaparte's sentiments with respect to neu-
trals. In the justification of the conduct of France
towards Portugal, one of Bonaparte's Ministers says,
in his official report—" If any Sovereign in Europe
should allow his territory to be violated by the Eng-
lish, the act would clearly place that Sovereign in
hostility with your Majesty, and therefore, if the Por-
tuguese have suffered their vessel:-.o° be violated by
the crtizers of thin Power, they, too; were in hosti-
lity with 'your Majesty." By this new exposition of
the law of nations. if a British cruizer had stopped a
Danish ship. Denmark was immediately to be con-
sidered in a state, of hostility with France. The Right
Honourable Gentleman began by stating, that when
an act was justified •on the ground of necessity, it
ought to have been limited by that necessity ; and
yet afterwards he asked if the thing was done wall,
why was,it not pushed to the utmost extremity ? If
Copenhagen was to be attacked, why was not Zea-
lind occupied ? Whatever strength there might be in
the argument, it was certainly irreconcikable with
the principle upon which the Right Hon. Gentleman
himself had founded his argument, and the doctrine
he seemed to recommend. As to the power of the
Danes to prevent the French frcon coming into Zea-
land, they were evidently insufficient. Notwithstand-
ing the great naval. force which we employed to
blockade the island. many Danish regiments did ac-
tuan get over from Holstein ; and why might not
the French have got over in the saint manner, espe-
cially if, as the Hon. Gentleman had stated, the
Danish navy could not be Pie ready for sea in less
than two months ? . As to . the .. supposition that the.
Danes would have called in a British force to defend
Zealand, he was . convinced they would not hairs
done so, in any case which might occur, unless the
French had absolutely taken the island--and then 11
indeed it was possible thatthe. Prince Royal might
have accepted ouriereicet br getit beck for him. If the.
Right Hon, Gentleman sat on the opinion, that
France alone could not Compel Denmark to surrenders
her fleet, or employ them for her purposes, it must be
recollect*, that pretty cool% seasons had been stated
to suppose that Russia was Ma complete understand-
ing with France upaLthat subject: The Right Hew

_ . :. ."-.4• ....r.-- ii6-4-jaaj
-.maca4ll . tend to appnee.the . s•
,iothe PortugtteSe COW" of our Polmili any
j*me of precaution should be taken to st
'Now he would put it to the ceedeur of the else,
'er . any ding • could be more clear ' than ihe
'idkallibeetween, toil mad** case which: called forth
the ht Honourable Gentian:lmA censure ? In-
deed, siMilioicle was such, • that he and his col-
leagues, after 6.e seading of such a document, te,
to and the country 4.-
irisalXists--(Alaigh, stiki! cr0,... _.O 7 Hz's"- . !
Was it rage then that thine vientiemen tip-
r expedittOß to Madeira, and the ids
Pt mentioned i could nowchiss, themselvemeith
oninent moralistswho feetestad sena WO=
AM to the general principles dam Right Hon
tie #l4l. /700 e for the his motion (A cry ,i Hier I
' '0 I, was only one difference between
Ip
osmilhet of his. colleaguei and that prescribed by. old
*malty+ math* wasp that they certainly never
imposed to talte:siseir army into Lisbon in diegusse.
* (di 410/0 It kgli keen said, and possihly mien be
urged again, tlAt there was as exteption in favour
of- Denmark,. which .ought. to have been attended
'to. Somethiog. bad, een urged to the general credit
of Denmark, and.- of the 'pecolier warmth of heart
which belonged to the Danes,_
ef which he believed
just as much as he did of the stories of the Golden
Age. To Gentlemen who used' this languor he
would recommend a consideration of the conduct of
Denmark towards Hamburgh and Rostock at the Mlle
of the Northern Confederacy in 1801. It wined in
thrice instanceslit seen how far Denmark, when -pow-
arid herself, was capable of violating the independ-
denceof a weaker state—bow far she was willing 'to
act in subiency to the views of -France, and hi
hostility to England. After such a review, he rather
*thought that no Gentleman could maintain that thee.
was any thing in the character of Denmark which
should entitle her to exemption from the rule which
she herself had established:
There was one topic with respect to Russia which he
should have been sorry'to pass by, as it contributed to
produce that forbearance on the part of Ministers which
he hopedetarfounded in prudence. At, the time we
Ought, hi the Right Hon. Gentleman's judgment, to
.have proceeded to an attack uplielonstadt, in which
there were in fact but five "midi of war, we had,
among the other reasons already stated, fb declining
it, this very important interest, that we had no less than
500 merchant ships and 6,000' seamen in the Russian
ports. Were these, he would ask, such circumstan•
ces as would warrant an attack upon Russia, at so
great a hazard, and for so small an object, parucularly
when it was considered that we had the Rossi= fleet
from the Mediterranean then in our power ? That fleet
indeed we had reason to expect in one of our poets.—
As to its having gone to the Tagus be had reason to
be satisfied that this was the consequence of a stress
of weather. It might be said, that Ministers had lieen
deceived by this fleet ; if so, .he could • Were the
'House, -that the Russian Ambassadtir bad hew de-
ceived also, for he had had a Russiat Entente PortS.
mouth with money for the payment of the crave:sm
their arrival. There was no overbearing -*envy
which called upon Ministers to oretinole. the coo,noe-
rations he had stated, aid to ineli jtate.olo wit Inds
Russia. Indeed he cOuldhattfifftgeitetre is- pleathat
could be set up fees them, had they. aefed'ageitisteuch
considerations.' Upen-the whole the iti&
.li4, see
pidig
cretary thought therthe evidence itlli4 intivialmpilip,
tify the conduct of 'Ministers upon this iiii well as
every other part -of the charges contaiZ in the
Honourable Gontleman's speech, sets dge
By that evidence, by the facts before* •Houiell Xi.
Mi-
nisters deserve to be jiidged. If othee',.frii*lCil were
called for, he would say, let them le(loesidestesad,
For no menace should extort, no artificese
from them, any thing which their duty called upon
them to conceal (Hear! hear! on -the Arnsistorial
Benehee).—lf Ministers had not taken the course they
had puma respecting Denmark, wliZt would have
been their situation now or next summer ? and what
would be the state of Sweden, from which so much
danger was removed by the capture of the Dalo.o
fleet ?
He acknowledged the communication which he ,
felt it his duty to hold with Mr. Rist, stating that ,
object of the communication was in order to promote.
a negotiation with the Danish Court. In the von*
of these communications he mentioned; as one of
terms 0£ negociation, that his Majesty's Government
felt it necessary to detain the Danish fleet, for :-.,- -
a period after the conclusion of a definitive treaty
with France, as might be calculated to extend t
three years. This was a proposition whirl. he
fully prepared to justify. It sprung from a desire ..
take due precaution in the event of peace, in order
to secure its stability ; and the motive of such per
caution was naturally suggested by a recollection
of the last peace, which, in fact, was hot an- armed
truce. Besides it could not be maintained that .
mark had any right to complain of the propositions
alluded to,' on the ground of its differing from •
terms as originally offered by Lord Gambier.
surely, it could have no right to expect the same terms
after the capture of the fleet, which were. offend 1.-
fore the attack. In the course of his communict
with Mr. Rist, he felt it his duty to urgesuch
moos as seemed to him likely to induce his Court
listen to terms of' accommodation, and among -
stated the manner in which Ivernight eventually
ourselves of the aid of the ling of Sweden. -
Whatever might be the remit of this debate,
confident that the country approved of the conduct
Ministers—that it was generally felt they had!
measure, which the Hon. Gentleman would censure,
added a fleet to the force of this country, and deduct( d
so much from that of Bonaparte gisauectitonheur,,
the Ministerial Benches.) And this was
more valued, when we considered the great object
Bonaparte's policy to create a naval power—when
reflected on the great obstacle to his ambition, •
he knew to consist in our naval predominance.
reduce that -predominance, therefore, was the
principle °Erb's policy. Such, indeed, was his .
citude to accomplish it, that he was even willing
sacrifice the commerce of all the States subject '-
sway, hi the hope by such means to strike at i.
coerce of England. But this experiment he .
doubt he would soon be convinced was preposterous.
Unless his power could accomplish impossibilities--
unless he could force each country to bring forth
every production necessary for its population, he
must speedily become sensible of the absurdity of his
projects against commerce. Such a conviction would

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