The Sun.
London, England, 1845-11-11 00:00:00

FRENCH COMMERCE.

The usual analysis of French commerce has recently been
published by the Customs Department, giving the results of
the year 1844. In reading this analysis it is always necessary '
to bear in mind the signification of the words "general" and
'special." With respect to importation "general commerce"
includes every article imported, without regard to its origin
or destination, while "special commerce" only includes arti-
cles entered for consumption in the kingdom. With respect
to exportation, "general commerce" includes all exported
articles without regard to origin; while "special commerce"
includes solely goods produced at home, and those that have
been naturalized by the payment of import duties.
The general commerce of France during the year 1844
has amounted to 2,340,000,000 f., exceeding that of 1843 by
161,000,000 f. or 7 per cent., and exceeding the average of
the five preceding years by 248,000,000 f., or 12 per cent.
The increase is much more on exportation than on importa-
tion. The foreign produce entered for French consumption
amounts to 867,000,000 f, showing an increase of 3 and 11
per cent. on a comparison with 1843 and the five years'
average. The French produce exported abroad amounts to
790,000,000 f., presenting on the two comparisons an increase
of 15 and 14 per cent.
Considering the trade as it is carried on by sea and
land, it is found that the commerce by sea amounts
to 1,658,000,000 f., and that by land to 682,000,000 f.;
that is to say, the sea commerce is more than two-
thirds of the whole. Compared with 1813 and the five years'
average, this is an increase of 6 and 10 per cent. for the sea
commerce, and 12 and 17 for the land. Of the total amount
of goods carried by sea (1,658,000,000 f.), as much as
764,(00,000f. has been carried in French bottoms, and
894,000,000 f. by foreigners. This gives an increase of 6 and
11 per cent. for the French, and 6 and 9 per cent. for the fo-
reign flags. The countries with which there has been the
most trade are the United States, England, Switzerland, Sar-
dinian States, German Zollverein, Spain, Algeria, and the co-
lonies of the Antilles and Bourbon. These countries are set
down for 72 per cent. of the total amount of imports and ex-
ports combined. In 1843 the proportion of these countries was
only 69 per cent. Compared with 1843 trade with the United
States has increased 12 per cent., with England 4 per cent.,
with Belgium 15 per cent., with Spain 26 per cent.,
and with Algeria 46 per cent. The goods imported into
France from England in 1844 show, as compared to 1843, a
decrease of 3,000,000 f. to general commerce, and an increase
of 5,000,000 f. to special commerce. The United States are
set down at 143,000,000 f., of 12 per cent., in the total " ge-
neral commerce of importation ;" and at 184,000,000 f., or
15 per cent., in the total " special commerce of importation."
England figures at 145,000,000 f. for the general, and
91,000,000 f. for the special commerce. The exportations to
the United States amount to 161,000,000 f. for the general,
and 102,000,000 f. for the special commerce. This is an in-
crease as compared with 1843, but does not equal 1839 and
1841. The movement with respect to England is analogous.
The value of importations in 1843 amounted to 141,000,000 f.
and 87,000,000 f., and in 1844 exceeded 143,000,000 f. and
99,000,000 f., these amounts being still inferior to those of the
three first years of the five.—Times.

FEARFUL COLLISION ON THE

EASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY.

WALTHAM CROSS, MONDAY AFTENOON.—In addition to the
brief account which has appeared of the serious collision
which occurred on Sunday morning last near the Waltham-
cross station of the Eastern Counties line, the following par-
ticulars were gleaned this day :
From several conversations with parties who were eye-
witnesses of the occurrence, and others who were called to
the spot a few minutes after the accident, it appears that
shortly before five o'clock, A.M., a train of luggage waggons
drew up in front of the Waltham station, having been
some time detained on their journey by the failure of one
of the wheels of a goods' truck. When the injury was fully
examined, it was discovered that some time must elapse
necessarily before the damage could be repaired, and there
being no means of removing the heavily-laden waggons
from the up line of rails, and the mail-train being nearly
due, it was considered necessary to send down the line one
of the servants of the Company, to telegraph the engine-
driver by means of a red signal light. To this precaution,
however, no attention appears to have been paid by Young,
the driver, inasmuch as the train rushed forward with speed,
and ran into the luggage-waggons with fearful violence.
The consequences were fearful. The engine Young was
driving (a new locomotive of great power), which had only
been sent for the purposes of the line two days. was doubled
up, and the funnel, fire-box, and woodwork literally torn to
pieces, while the pistons and minor machinery connected
with the driving wheels were wrenched from their rivets,
and the iron axles of the wheels were bent considerably.
One of the second-class carriages, fortunately an empty one,
was hurled from the line, and it now lieS a wreck near a
ditch by the side of the line. Another carriage, in which
were seated Captain Lawrence, R.N., and Mr. Fisher, a
drover, from Norfolk, was broken up, and unfortunately both
of these passengers were injured. The engine-driver and
stoker were hurled from the engine, but falling into the
water and soft mud of the ditch, they escaped uninjured. A
truck, filled with sheep and lambs, was also smashed
and partially set on tire, and not less than
twenty of the animals were killed, and others
of them so injured, that it was found necessary
soon afterwards to slaughter them. The confusion and alarm
which prevailed is described as being fearful, and the vio-
lence of the shock was so much felt throughout the whole
train, that all the passengers were more or less shaken. The
rails were torn out of their places by the violence of the
shock, and the line was literally strewed with the mangled
remains of the sheep and the corn, &e., the contents cf the
broken luggage-trains. Some little degree of order being
restored, the attendants with lights examined the wreck :
fortunately no one was found killed by the collision, but the
above-named persons were so much injured that they were
unable to proceed to town, so they were conveyed to Mr.
Wildbore's, of the New Inn, who most hospitably and
humanely attended to them, whilst medical assistance by
special train was procured from London. Dr. Jarffeson
having seen the patients, declared the arm of one to be
dislocated, and the other to be severely injured by the
violence of the shock. He, however, in neither case ap•
prehended any seriously alarming consequences. As soon
as the confusion had subsided, a dispatch was instantly
forwarded to Ilroxbourne (the depot of the pilot-engine)
for assistance, and as it is the practice to keep the locomo—
tives ready there at all hours for immediate service, but little
rime was lost, the damaged wheel was repaired, and the mail
train set forward on its journey to the Shoreditch terminus,
all the passengers, except the two previously named, being
able to travel the remaining distance (14k miles). As soon
as daylight dawned, a strong body of men set to work by
Mr. Kennaird's and other directors' orders, proceeded to clear
and repair the rails, but no carriages were allowed to pass
along the up-lin3 during the whole of Sunday, the whole of
the trains " up" running oa the down-line from llroxbourne.
It must be said that every possible attention was paid by
the authorities to the sufferers.

_ Upon inquiring this afternoon (Monday), it was ascer-
tained that both the injured parties, though seriously hurt,
are in a fair way of recovery.
The engine-driver states, by way of justification, that he
did not see the signal light ; the guard, however, sa}•s he
saw it two iniNs from the station.

It is the determination of the Directors to institute a most
rigid investigation into the cause of the accident as soon as
possible, and if any blame is found to attach to their servants,
to punish them accordingly.

POLITICAL GOSSIP 1N DUBLIN.

(From the Dublin Evening Post.)
This journal was the first which noticed the report of
serious differences amongst the members of her Ma-
jesty's Government. We did not say we had the rumour
from official quarters—such an assertion would be lu-
dicrously absurd. We only stated the rumour prevailed
in circles likely to be well-informed, and we gave it ac-
cordingly. From that period (about a month ago)
to this, the story has been reproduced in a hundred
shapes—some of which we have noticed, as they turned
up in print. But, we do not remember that we have
seen before such a distinct—may we not say, such an
emphatic confirmation of our original statement, as we
find in the following paragraph, which we copy from
the Evening Mail of last night—the local organ, we
should infer, of the Castle, but, as in duty bound, the
enemy of her Majesty's general Government. IVe give
the article as we find it, without curtailment :
THE UNITED CABINET ! THE HAPPY FAMILY ! !
We are enablod, upon authority that has never yet mis-
led us—or, through us, our rerders—to publish the fol-
lowing important communication, the authenticity of
which is intitled to implicit reliance :
"LONDON, WEDNESDAY.—Each recent meeting of the
Cabinet has tended to increase the difficulty of union
amongst the members, until the scenes now consist of
criminations and recriminations—dissension and differ-
ence—upon each particular point brought under discus-
sion, and great bitterness of feeling on all sides in the
conduct of the argument. The heads of parties—for the
division is of a character so decided as to require leaders
—the Duke of Wellington upon the one hand, Sir Robert
Peel on the other. On Monday Lord Stanley openly
joined the Duke. There never has subsisted a
,goodl. un-
derstanding between his Lordship and the reinter.
The consequence of this junction is, Sir Robert Peel has
been left in a minority on two most important divisions
—the one in reference to the opening of the ports, the
other as regards the occupation of Chusan. It was de-

ci.led by a msjority, against the Premier's propesilieri'
that the ports should not be opened for the imports;
tion of f/roign corn (i.e., general grain crops)/ bt!
that rice and Indian corn should be admitted at 10°1:
ns.l duties. With respect to Chusan—you may and
upon it that Sir Robert was left in a minority ;
that the policy to be pursued henceforward as to Fratle° •
W2S decided upon against his views, and that the oce_l:
pation of that portion of the Celestial Empire will PI
e,ded. Sir Robert Peel is in a very delicate state °f.
h. alth, and looks worn and haggard beyond belie •
This is the first time he has ever had an attack of gou.t.!
and it i.; not c.-nwealed amongst his adherentsW
place-hunt.xs—that it has been brought .on by
,1113u"Sai;
shiest; or mind, and the pressure from without, b
at. home and abroad. His situation, politically and Pe"
sonally, is precarious and forlorn ; for he has left bile;
self without a political supporter upon principle/ or
private friend from feeling. What might he not her
been ? What is he ? A Minister despised and de'
serted !"
The paltry spite, towards the conclusion of the pall;
graph, against Sir Robert Peel, is so Bet:wish—sole
so offensively of the shop—is so vulgar and so untssev
—that it would excite a doubt in our minds as to the en:
tire statement, if there were not indications from otbo_
quarters which satisfy us that there is something. rotteill,
in the state of Denmark. We do not think, 10
that Chusan has anything to do with the matter, age'
with regard to the peddling about Indian corn and
excluding the higher grains, we look upon this el .
rate and minute information as mere rubbish. The _
ference—if such there should be, as we believe there
did not turn upon any huxtering point of the kind, ht..°
on this broad one—namely. whether the ports should e'
open to every kind of bread stuffs or not.
We say, we believe there are difficulties in the %.,--11;_bi.
net, not upon the apocryphal and tainted authority
fore us, but on the plain and uudeniable fact, that the'
ei
have been four meetings of the Cabinet within that
d
—a thing, we believe, almost unprecedented—and
no action has resulted. It is evident, that if the (ligr
e,
tion, as we suppose it to be, had reference chietif fora
this menaced famine, Ministers would have acted bd%
this time, if serious differences had not taken Pl 7;
Tney would have directed the ports to be opened by,
order in Council—or issued a proclamation for the Vitt
• mediate assembling of Parliament. We do not say tu-e,
either would be free from embarrassment and ineo°l
One
nience—but the pressure is. we hold it, irresistible - e
course or the other must be adopted, if not by the Pr
i sent Cabinet, by its successors.

•
MINERAL SUR tTEY CANADit.
The report on a Geological Survey of Canada, Pre'
sented to the House of Assembly last session, and
or'
dered to be printed, is now published, and coati,'"
matter of much eneral i.
The Limestoneg nterest
formation, says the report, extend; 6C
least 30,000 square miles of the surface of the praill is
It abounds in excellent materials, and its quillitY-4
many places is sufficiently hard to take a fine polish, it°
yield a good marble.
But in this vast district, we regret to say, the search
for coal will not be successful. 'raking into consic",ci
tion the extremely moderate dip and the undistur";l
condition of the strata of limestone, and the Vuetbe
even geographical surface of the country, and 1115°,„ii•
depth of the strata below the point at which coal for —ft.
tions are found, we are not warranted reasonably Of .10
ticipate the finding of any coal between the top of
Huron and Quebec.
But of iron the quantity found in the provincetbs
likely to. prove very considerable. Considering "is
valuable deposits of this mineral already known4oo
Marmora, Madoc, Bedford, Hull, &c., and the dant:4
of the magnet over regions of great extent, it L. 51098
unreasonable to hope that a diligent seach maY (I've
provincial beds of equal consequence as those of A-
York State. i. for
The deposit of gypsiferious shale, so valuable •
= ,• • 101 l _!

its gypsum salt, hydraulic lime, occupies ne
that neck of land which separates Lake umlOto
from Lake Erie, skirts the shore of the forreerirorl,
through Niagara county, passes by Cayuga', `tioo
and Paris, near Galt, on the Grand River, and The
northward towards Cabot's Head, on Lake Huron. 01
thickness of this dep )sit is estimated at three 101140
feet. About three and a half miles below Cayugs, .01
is a hard solid bed of water lime, thirty feet thick. a 01'
gypsum, it appears, is deposited in detached reasselssi
most invariably assuming more or less of a c°,lrael
shape. Adjacent to the gypsum, and indeed seroe7;oo,
intermixed with it, are vast quantities of water "pt!
The beds worked in York and Paris are extensive, ',ye
produce excellent gypsum. This part of Canglatothei°
are informed, extending from Galt to Cartga,
fail in time, from the mineral contents of the 101 o'
to become one of the most valuable parts of the r
vince. t. the
An interesting discovery has been made °`oo
existence of lithographic stone at Rama 00: fed
Simcoe. It is of the best quality, and the supPli tb°
large, which is the more satisfactory, inasmuch 11;"„the
stone is only to be found in one other place,;s-ert°
world—Solenhofen on the Danube—and has h"'"

commanded a monopoly price. sor
Mr. Murray, an assistant to Mr. Logan, t"-gi
veyor, speaks in his report of a remarkable goo;
near Beamsville, which is frozen over in the d
iti
mer months, but never in winter. " I visite ifiV
he says, on the 11th of September, when the, ..01
titer was warm and sultry, and can bear test'tini-
that it was frozen over then, although the frirt4
phere was at eighty degrees within the distance %-froo
yards from its issue. It is concealed nod protect 1(t0
the solar rays by great masses of rock that havefsbo
down at the place. I have not yet seen it in osld
can credit the report given of it, as similar sprin%
described by Mr. Murchison as existing in lid
some red gypsiferous rocks of that country, but ee "no
factory solution has yet been given of the pheneelet
We sincerely rejoice that Parliament has ie .110
survey on foot, because it must speedily discleseco
general mineral wealth with which the provi°
blessed.—Montreal Gazette.

RigY
[ADVERTISEMENT]. —A WONDERFUL p :tBolyPs'o
TION OF LIFE BY HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT AND tAit
Hugh M'Donald, Lot 55, in King's County, Prince P"%st',
Island, made a public declaration before Joseph CofSa'ts irk
Justice of Peace at Bay Fortune, September 3d, 1846:' oos:
effect that the greater part of his nwe and roof of d
were eaten away, besides ulcerous sores in his face 'rho
which, from their nature, must shortly have deprived isifer„
life, and that he has been restored from the pitiable or, or,
able state he was in by the use of Holloway's Pills as:iisK,
meat, and this after all other medical treatment had ia;bltir
Sold by all druggists, and at Professor Holloway's Ss".
ment, '244, Strand, London.
INCOME- TAX.—As appeals under the Inc°-eltr.t!'
will shortly take place again throughout the country',
who have ground of appeal, and intend to go before %lel,
sioners for that purpose, should be prepared with a at 0t
of their annual income otherwise their appeals ca"„oletTs
heard. As many appellants have hitherto been disaPY,ill
for want of being provided with a statement, they'
well to be armed now.
INCENDIARY FIRE.—We regret to state, that- *-
caused by an incendiary or incendiaries, took placeioal‘
premises of Mr. It. Leamon, of WThitwell, at one o'c gab!,
Wednesday morning last. Early as it was, the peoples ss;',,
in great numbers ; and by their exertions, the fire
vented from extending to very valuable joining PTori
We hope the incendiary will be discovered.--'
Chronicle. 0
DSte
vele
ACCIDENT TO HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS Pit— 01,
POLD OP Saxe-Col:um—Sir John Co 's pack of folchnust tiro
yesterday morning at Cumberland-lodge, in Windsor (Treat
at the especial desire of his Royal Highness Prince Alit I'o CI
field, which was exceedingly numerous, included the 11yeerao
sort, the Duke Ferdinand, and the Princes Augustus and eo..r
of Saxe Coburg, who were attended by Major-Geness. pos:d
Mr. G. E. Anson, and several other members of the Infieb,l7/
hold. A fine fox was unkennelled at Cranbourne, wh.-00_,13011
about half an hour's cover hunting, broke into the open go, yots
and was killed, after a sharp run, at Fyfield. Prince Albiire, os
his illustrious relatives, and some of those in the rOYOIIO
the field before the hunt had concluded, and proceeded t°'-pfr.,ls,
to luncheon at two o'clock. The brush was secured bY, of
bury, who was the first up at the finish. At the reen`"ollriell
Anson, the "sox-hunter's trophy" was given up by Dir'/ Or° pi
Mr. Anson expressing his wish to present it to the Princerao- rue
as a birth-day present. The horse ridden by Prince curarils
Saxe-Coburg started off' shortly after the Prince had left„,l4
land-lodge, and running against a tree (the branches
contact with his Serene Highness's forehead, which 07,010_41
cut) threw its rioter, but fortunately without the Prince repro,
any serious injury. His Serene Highness immediately leolllloo
to Cumberland lodge, and was shortly afterwards sufgcd Join '
covered to mount another of Prince Albert's hunters aa
111° royal relatives in the field.
MIDLAND COUNTIES RAILWAY.—ERECTIO•• vols.
ELECTRIC TELEGRAPH OYER THE WHOLE EXTENT •F "1"1°A XOO,OWe are happy to state that the Directors of the Midlen*".,iph
Railway have determined on establishing the electric tele11"-:
_As s'
the whole extent of railway under their superintendelef i o
lamentable accidents that have occurred upon these and iderto
induced the board to take the subject into serious On'd rot,
with the view, If possible, of giving the public incseei 010
'Tbe
tion, and of facilitating the business of the company. p-
extent of railway is 180 miles, and the cost of the te— Wok
amount to the large sum of from 30,0001. to 40,0001-0,01;0
quite sure that it will be money judiciously and properly Wtil b
.$0
and that the Directors, the Company, and the public' pot ,to
abundant reason to rejoice at the satisfactory result of gouib
expenditure. An electric telegraph was erected theii 1111,00
Cross tunnel some time ago, and we believe the manager
out "
ceed to extend it over the entire length of the lines 11#
—Derby Reporter. to,
We understand that Joseph Eaton, DtoOu'A'
gentleman who has made the munificent offer of "' ~ftam
goSr
wards the enlargement of the Bristol General
Bristol Mercury.
BIRTHS YOlter
On the Bth inst., at Barrosa-place, Chelsea, '
of a son.
On the 7th inst., at Vine House, Old Brornpten, ;I'll' Pl'
elyn, of a son.
oe°66 On the 15th of September, at Calcutta, the lady Of el
burner, Esq., of a daughter.
On the Ist inst„ Mrs. Thomas Mayhew, of Glastenbailt
teoll.
daughter, who survived only a few hours. n bard
0
On the 3d inst., the lady of Charles Sturgeon. ' b
clod'
law. of a son.
On the Bth inst., at Westboume-terrace, Hyde-pale
T. th
T. Faulconer, Esq., of a sou.
• tO°
MARRIED. r• „„
On Thursday, Nov. 6, at Gretna-green, Captain C.
.10,;o
llth Ilussus, to Lady Adela Villiers. at
eAejaw
Or, the 7th ofJune, at Adelaide, South Australia.A.o,oo,ooo
Church, James, second son of Lieutenant-Colonel
the 'Royal Engineers, to Annie, third daughter of C.
Esq., Sheriff of the province of South Australia. at

4
---
' On the 3d inst., at London,D lED
William C. C. Grall E
agth oft'
Gartmore. 310
ili * iliiers'
On the 7th inst., at her residence, South Parade, Be-- st. 00
cies
eldest daughter of the late John Wreford, Yeoman' ° lliik
Devon.
ancel°
iiary SOP ;
On the 26th ult., at St.
..klban's House, Ryde, -•'. O
wife of Henr Fawcett, Esq. t
P.
On the 28t y h
ult., at Cilrldw, Pe.ribrokeshirfJ, Lj•
Allen, Esq., aged 71.
''''‘v ter,
. Or*
.41
On the sth inst., at St. Petersburgh-place. 13a.r.- - ill
If 1,
Rieltheau, aged 67.
the god. 0 1
On the 7th hist., in Windsor-barracks, Caiptain tlu
_As. o,g
Homy Leicester, of the Ist Regiment of Gremadier G ar" 09!
. 4......-
(V(110;4 19;0;10(
London : Printed and Published by 31'CRDO Y.,--",, ~, tb. O
Strand, Printer, at The Sea Office, 7t.10. 112, Strall.,ov SOY-.
of the savoy, ip the Comity of l'ifiddlopir 111C1''''
11, 1845.

1. _ ~- \