The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-02 00:00:00

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

PORTSMOUTH, AUG. 31.—The Calcutta, 84, Capt.
Rich, at Plymouth, has had her orders to pay off
countermanded, and is now preparing ;to proceed to
Quebec, to bring home a regiment from Canada.
The Lords of the Adnuralty have returned to
London from their official visit to this port. The
levees of the First Lord, the Earl of Haddington,
were numerously attended, and marked by much
urbanity and kindness.
The Numa transport, Lieut. Ward, agent, has gone
to Chatham to land her invalids from the West Indies.
She brought home Major-General Elrington and
Captain M'Mally from the 47th Regiment, which was
left healthy, although much mortality had previously
prevailed.
Letters from the Southampton, 50, flag-ship of Sir
Edward King, from Simon's Bay, Cape of Good Hope,
of Ist June, report all well, and daily expecting the
arrival of the new Admiral in the Winchester frigate,
when she would proceed to England, to be paid of at
Chatham. The Isis, 50, was shortly looked for, from
the South American station. The Andromache, 26,
was at the Mauritius.

The corvette Orestes, 18, is commissioned at this
port, by Commander the Hon. S. Carnegie, reported
to proceed to the Brazils. She is to have a crew of
140 men.

The new sloop Frolic, 16, is to be commissioned
shortly. Captain IVilliam Hendry is the projector of
her. She is a fine commodious vessel, infinitely supe-
rior to the old 28-gun ships; is of 510 tons, and is to
have a crew of 150 men.

The Sappho, 18, commander Parry, is to be dis-
mantled and paid off at Plymouth, whither she has
proceeded. The next vessels from the West Indies
will be the Pilot, 18, Racer, 16, and steamer Gleaner.
The islands were left more healthy than for many
months. The Admiral, Sir Charles Adam, was at
I lal i fax.

The new steamer Thunderbolt, on her arrival from
Glasgow, will be commissioned, according to report,
for the Mediterranean.

The brig Fantome, 16, has left the west coast of
Africa, with despatches for the senior officer at Rio
de Janeiro.
The Formidable, 84, was at Gibraltar, and the
Thunderer, 84, at Cadiz, on the 20th July. Crews
healthy. The former was to make a short cruise
along the Morocco coast.
The Crocodile, 26, Mr. Elson, master, commanding,
is hourly expected to arrive with troops from Quebec,
and the steamer Phoenix, from the Mediterranean.
At Spithead—No vessel of war.
In Harbour—St. Vincent, Victory, Excellent,
Imaum, Orestes, Sylvia, Echo, and flag tenders.—
Brighton Gazette.

THE RECENT CIRCUITs
.—The summer circuits
have this year considerably exceeded their usual dura-
tion. The Western Circuit, which terminated at Bristol
on Monday last, is said to have lasted longer than any
former Western Circuit ; and the Northern Circuit,
which, as far as the regular business of the circuit is
concerned, may be said to have concluded on Tuesday
last, has occupied eight weeks. The business on the
Northern, Western, and Oxford Circuits was very heavy,
and the Oxford Circuit could not have been brought to a
conclusion so early if it had not been by the assistance
of Mr. Godson, who presided in an additional Court at
Stafford, Shrewsbury, and Gloucester, and tried in each
of those places, with great ability, a number of prisoners
whose trials under the ordinary course of business must
have extended beyond the period allowed in the Com-
mission for those counties. In the Northern Circuit Mr.
Justice Maule, it is understood, considers himself bound
to clear the gaol, although the prisoners now under con,
finement are those committed on charges arising out of
the -recent disturbanoeth

dition of the Labouring roputation of England,)
The depressing effect off' adverse sanitary circan.l-
- such as bad sewerage, drainage, and other
local defecta on the labouring strength of a population,
and on its duration, is to be viewed with the greatest
concern, as exhibited to a great extent at the present
day in the streets and dwelling-houses of the British
people in our towns and counties. This depressing
effect rests on that which most distinguishes our island
population, and which it were a truism to say consti-
tutes the chief strength of the nation—the bodily
strength of the individuals of the labouring class. The
greater portion of the wealth of the nation is deOved
from the labour obtained by the application of :his
strength.
Simple enumerations of the numbers of h popula- .
tion are of themselves but imperfect means for judg-
ing of its progression in strength. This is best
shown in the increased proportions of the adults, who
are of the age and strength and skill fin- productive
industry, in the extended period during which each
adult labourer occupies his post.
M. Mallet (Registry Report on Geneva) bears tes-
timony that the experience of that city is confirma-
tory sif the important rule, that the strength of s
people does not depend on the absolute number of its
population, but on the relative number of those who
are of the age and strength for labour. It is proved
that the real and productive value of the population
has there increased in a much greater proportion than
the increase in the absolute number of the population.
The absolute number of the population has only
doubled, in the instance of Geneva, durin,ir three
centuries ; but the value of the population has more
than , doubled upon the purely numerical increase
of the population.. In other words, a populse
tion of 27,000, in which the probability of life
is forty years for each individual, is more than
twice as strong for the purposes of production as a
population of 27,000, in which the probability or value
of life is only 20 years for each individual.
The important general fact of the proportion of
adult physical strength to the increased duratioii of
life, or improved sanitary condition of the individuals
is verified by the examinations of the individuals
of different classes. M. Villerme states that the dif-
ference of strength between classes among whom the
valve of life differs, is well known_ to the officers en-
gagell recruiting the army, though no one has
collected the facts to determine the precise differ-
ence. The time allowed to M. Villerme only en-
abled him to do so at Amiens. The result was, that
the men of from twenty to twenty one years
of age were found the more frequently
unfit for the trade of arms from their stature, consti-
tution, and health, as they belonged to the poorer
classes of the manufacturing labourers. In order to
obtain 100 men fit for military service, it was neces-
sary to have as many as 343 men of the poorer
classes ; whilst 193 conscripts sufficed of the classes
in better circumstances. Analogous facts were ob-
served in the greater part of the towns in France in
which he conducted his official investigations.
• In . the evidence of recruiting officers, collected
under the Factory Commission of Inquiry, it was
shown that fewer recruits of the proper strength and
stature for military service are obtainable now than
heretofore from Manchester.

Of those labourers now employed in the most
important manufactories, whether natives or
emigrants to that town, the sons who are
employed at the same work are generally
inferior in stature to their parents. Sir James
M‘Gregor the Director-General of the Army Me-
dical Board, states the fact that " A corps levied from
the agricultural districts in Wales, or the Northern
Counties of England, will last longer than one re-
cruited from the manufacturingtowns, from Birming-
ham, Manchester, or near the metropolis." Indeed
so great and permanent is the deterioration, that out
of 613 men enlisted, almost all of whom came from Bir-
mingham and five other neighbouring towns, only
238 were approved for service.
The chances of life of the labouring classes of
Spitalfields are amongst the lowest to be met with,
and there it is observed of weavers, though not
originally a large race, that they have be-
come still more diminuthie. under the noxious
influences to which they are subject. Dr.
Mitchell, in his Report on the condition of the hand-
loom weavers, adduces evidence on this point. One
witness well acquainted with the class states, "They
are decayed in their bodies ; the whole race of them
is rapidly descending to the size of Lilliputians. You
could notraise a grenadier company amongst them all.
The old men have better complexions than the young."
Another witness, who says there were once men as
well Made in the weaver trade as any other, " recol-
lects the Bethnal-green and Spitalfields regiment of
volunteers during the war as good-looking bodies of
men, but doubts if such could be raised now." Mr.
Duce concurs in the fact of the deterioration of their
size and appearance, within the last thirty years, and
attributes it to bad air, bad lodging, bad food, which
causes the children to grow up an enfeebled and dimi-
nutive race of men."
To whatever extent emigration takes place from
England, there must of course have been a pro-
portionate immigration from other places to make up
the increase of population beyond the apparent in-
crease from births. It is observed in some of the
worst-conditioned of the town districts that the posi-
tive numbers of the natives of the aboriginal stock
continually diminishes, and that the vacancy as well
as the increase is made up by immigration from the
healthier districts. In a late enumeration of the
settled inhabitants of the labouring classes in the
lower parts of Westminster, it appeared that n:)t more
than one-third of them were natives of London. If
inquiry had been made as to whether their parents
were natives, it would probably have been found that
still fewer hadl inhabited the district for more than
one generation.
- _
D WARKANATH TAG@ RE.

The Council Chamber of Edinburgh, August 30,
witnessed an event unprecedented in the annals of
Great Britain—the presentation of the freedom of the
City to a Hindoo gentleman. This mark of distinc-
tion has been unanimously conferred by the Lord
Provost, Magistrates, and Council of our own
City.' Dwarkanath Tagore is a Brahmin, a mer-
chant engaged extensively in home and fo-
reign trade, a large landed proprietor, and a
man of very considerable fortune. He is well
acquainted with Hindoo, Persian, and Engligh litera-
ture and history, and is, without doubt, the most re-
markable man in India of his nation. While loyally
attached to the British Government in India, he is at
the same time devoted to the work of ameliorating the
condition of his countrymen, and has for many years
sought, both by the liberal application of his money
and his energetic labours, to accomplish plans of
local and general improvement. Several of the most
excellent institutions in Calcutta owe their exist-
ence principally, or altogether, to the benevolence
and liberality of that enlightened Hindoo. As the
friend:of education, Dwarkanath Tagore stands pre-
eminebt among his nation. His views of the princi-
ples of trade and commerce are of the most enlarged
and liberal character ; and his ivealth and influence
combined, have done much to aid the recent noble
prdects for facilitating the intercourse between India
and this country. For several years Dwarkanath
Tagore has been one of the most active members of a
society for the protection of the owners and occu-
piers of the soil in India from the mischievous and
ruinous effects of what is known by the name of
the Resumption Regulation ; a measure neither
more nor less, than an inquisition into the titles
by which all rent-free lands are held with a view
iboeyao beyond
otrldi
of. assessing such lands as, by the custom and law'
of India, have been immemorially held tenure-free,
memorympo se
ao ft a
xa any and absolutely irinnet.asaxuedre,
living man ; a toe i
18s. in the pound of the rack-rent, or to seize upon
and confiscate nine-tenths of every man's estate,
hitherto held rent-free, over the whole length and
breadth of Bengal, Behr, Orissa, and Benares ; a ter-
ritwhich contains a surface equal to that of Great
n twice told, with a population exceeding that
Britain
of the ,kingdom of France. We understand that it is
the intention of Dwarkanath Tagorc to bring this
momentous subject under the notice of the Govern-
ment and people of this country, and to endeavour, in
reference to this and other topics, to advance the in-
terests of his countrymen during his stay hi Great
Britain.

Dtra).—On the 15th instant, at her residence,
Balinagown, near Portadown, Mrs. Mary Corr, at the
extraordinary age of 116 years. This vet.erable matron
exhibited one of the most remarkable instances of
longevity on record, in modern times. She was born in
1726, and, consequently, lived during the reigns of six
Sovereigns of Great Britain. She was a woman of great
mental and physical faculties, and gifted with a strong
understanding and most retentive memory ; and of that
portion of our history (commencing with tie reign of
George UN so productive of great and memorable
events, she had a most vivid recollection, and delighted
to converse on " the deeds of other years." She was,
indeed, a living chronicle of the last century, and de-
tailed, with surprising accuracy, the many memorable
occurrences of that eventful era. The storming of
Quebec, and the death of General Wolfe, the capture of
the Havannah, the naval victories of Admiral Rodney,
and the taking of the city of Carrickfergus, by the
French commander, Thurot, were events which she
related with much animation ; and she related, with
much amusing effect, the national consternation on the
successes of the celebrated Patil Jones. She attended
the weekly market of Portadown regularly, till within
three years of her death ; and her sight was so good
that she could thread a fine cambric needle. She was
justly admired for her mild, unobtrusive manners ; and
the vast concourse who followed her mortal remains to
the family burying ground, in Drumcree Church-yard,
testified the estimation in which she was held by all wbo
had the happineoe of knowing ber.—,Vida

13, Great Marlborough-street.
CAFTAtx MARRYAT'S NEW IIrc)RK,
" PERCIVAL ,"
IS NOW READY AT ALL THE LIBRARIES,
in 3 Yob.
Henry Col.fourn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

, 12ris AucusT, 1842.
TIES MAJ ES IYHAMBURGH the EMPEROR of
AUSTRIA,
BIS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of RUSSIA, •
AII7D HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF PRUSSIA,
Having AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED several DIS-
TRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, by which,
though they are NO LOTTERIES, LARGE FORTUNES
may be übtained, HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH,
are Sellizv
GENUINE and WARRANTED SELECTED BONDS

r. for the said DIST/S.IBU
"mos dPsirons to purchase max re:eive, PREVIOUS
to giving anii order, the PROSPECTUS with full PARTI-
CULARS, upon addressing, WITHOUT DELAY, a line to
HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH.
•

THEATRE ROYAL, COVEN T- GA RDEN. •
The Public is respectfully inforrneo that this Theatre will
OPEN FOR THE SEASON
TO-MORROW, SEPTEMBER 3, 1842, when
Will be performed Bellini's Opera of NORMA.—Pollio, Mr. W.
Hurisen; Oroveso, Mr. Giubilei; Flaying, Mr. Binge; Norma Miss
Adelaide liemble; Adalgisa, Miss Rainforth ; Clotilda, Miss Lane.
After which will be produced a New Comedy, in Two Aets, writ..
ten by Douglas Jerrold:Esq., entitled GERTRUDE'S CHERRIES,
OR WATERLOO Dr 1e35. Willoughby, Mr. Bartley; Vincent,
Mr. W. Lacy ; Guibert, Mr. Diddear; Jack Halcyon, air. Har ey ;
Crosshone,.Mr. Meadows; Angelica, Miss Cooper ; Mrs. Crossbone,
Mrs. Humby ; Gertrude. Mrs. W. Lacy.
Doors open at half-past Six, and the Performances begin at Seven.
Dress Boxes is.. Second Price 3s. 6/1 , First and Second Circles 55.,
Second Price k 4. 6d.; Pit 3s.' Second Price 23. ; Gallery Is. Tickets
and Places for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Whitlow, at the Box-
Office, from Ten till Four. where Season Tickets may be had.
Private Boxes to be had at the Box-Otli e; of Mr. Andrews
347. New Bond-street; Mr. Mitchell, Old Bond street; and of Mr.
trams. Pali Mall.

THEATRE-ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE.
LAST NIGHT OF THE PRESENT SEASON.
THIS EVENING, SEPTEMBER 2.
,-- Will be per orme:d the Drama entitled SELF ACCUSATION.—
-Characters by M,,ssrs. Oxberry, W. H. Bland, Lynne, Green, Misi
Granby and ;Las Faucit.
"Iu which will be added, the Farce of DEAI. AS A POST.—
Tristram Sappy, Mr Harley • Sally Maggs, Miss Stanley.
To be followed by THERESS—Carwin, Mr. Diddear; Therese,
31. es Fauxit
To conclude wi h MRS. WHlTE—Character. by Messrs. Granby,
Oxberry, Miss Stanley, Miss Crisp, and Mrs. Granby,
Boxes, 4s. Pit, Gallery, Is. Doors open at Half-past Six ;
commence at Seven; Half-price, a Quarter before Nine .
Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Grogan, at the Private Box-office;
and of Messrs. Andrews, Mitchell, Sams, and Baily, at theit Libraries.

DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
Immense attraction. '1 he Opera Company in Two Pieces.
FOR THE BENEFIT OF MI S ROMER.
THIS EVENING, SEPTEMBER 2,
IMO perhrreances will commence with BeliinPs LA SONNAM.
ILlLA.—Amir.a, Miss Romer; Liz; Mrs. Serie; Rodelpho, Mr.
Leffler; Elvin., Mr. W. Harrison ; with an increased Band, and a
powerful Chcrns, conducted y Mr. G. Stansbury,
To conelude w,th Bishop's Opera of GUY M ANNERING
Henry Bertram, Mr W. Harrison ; Julia Mannering, Miss Romer;
Lucy Bertram, Mrs. Serle
Pieces and Private 3oxes may be t•ad of Mr. J. Kerschner, at the
i.ox Office, from Eleven till Four daily.

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.
The Girandola will commence this week at Half.past Eight
GRAND EVENING FETES, MONDAY, TUESDAY, and
THURSDAY, with the fo lowing matchless combination of uniq-e
attractions:—
The celebrated MENAGERIE, recently enriched by several Zoo.
/ogical rarities.
Toe stupendous TYPORAMIC MODEL AL-FRESCO of ROME
from the left bank of the Tiber.
The PROMENADES Al USICALES by the unrivalled Band of
Wind Instruments, coeclucted by Mr. Godfrey including Berlioz'
Overture Fantastique, "Les Francs Juges ;" a New Grand Fantasia
by Muller; the Selections from Adis and Galatea," and "•Oberon ;"
Beethoven's Grand gattle Sinfonia." with its extr:oardinary isici_
dental effects; and a variety of popular pieces.
After the Concert the Illumination of St. P-etees, and the Giran-
dola of Saint Angelo, with Southby's maSaificent Pyrotechnic Spec.
lades, Extiiordinary Aquatic Firewo,as on the Lake, and Superb
Cascade of Fire.
Admission to the whole of ttie Entertainments, One Shilling.
Open at Ten in the Morn':.sg.—Feeding at Five.—Concert at Half-
past Five.—Fireworks at :dalr.p.lst Eight,

HD;H
VILVVAI AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY.
R4orning".... ..ainutes after H 4 Evening ..... r, minutes after 0.

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