The Sun.
London, England, 1829-11-26 00:00:00

DEPARTURES,

Earl Spencer, from his house in St. James's-place, for North.
amptonshire ; Lord Carrington, yesterday, from his house,
Whitehall-yard, for his seat, Wycombe Abbey, Bucks; Lord
Bridport, from Wimpole-street, for his seat, Redlinch, Wilts;
the Hon. and Rev. H. A. Bridgeman, for Shropshire; Captain
Barnet, from the Bath Hotel, Arlington-street, for Bristol; the
Rey. Mr. Honson, from ditto, for Dorsetshire; Mrs. and Miss
Graves, from ditto, for Surrey; William Lawson, Esq. from
ditto, for Brighton ; Mr. and Mrs. Fuller, from the British
Hotel, Jermyn-street, for York; Major Scott, from ditto, for
Bath; Earl and Countess Cowper, for their seat, Pansanger,
Herts; William Rawlings, Esq. from St. James's-street, for
Bath ; Capt. Milner, R.N. from Harley-street, for Brighton.

On Monday last the KING honoured the
Marquis of BEADFORT with an audience at the Royal
Lodge, who delivered to his MaJzsTY the insignia of the
order of St. Patrick, worn by his late father.

ST. JANIES'S PARK.—Among 'the aristo-
cratic tenants of the new buildings, who, it is understood,
wish to exclude the public from access to the Park, are to
be found the Duke of LEINSTER, Lords CHOLMONDELEY,
TAVISTOCK, CALEDON, STEWART or ROTHSAY, DE
CLIFFORD, and KENSINGTON; the Marchioness of CHOL-
MONDELEY ; Messrs. ARBUrLINOT, BERRIES, HUSKISSON,
CROKER, and Sir ALEXANDER GRANT, with other opu-
lent individuals, such as Sir ROBERT LAWLEY, Sir MAT-
THEW RIDLEY, and Mr. ALEXANDER, the proprietor of
Old Sarum.

During the last week the following distin-
guished individuals visited the Railway at Rainhill :
Lord and Lady GROSVENOR, Lord and Lady GREY, Lord
and Lady HENRY CHOLMONDELEY, Lord SEFTON, Lord
and the Ladies MoLyNEux, Hon. Mr. and Miss Ds Roos,
Lady WILTON, Hon. E. G. and Mrs. STANLEY, the Hon.
Miss STANLEY, the Rev. JAMES and Mrs. HoßsaY, of
Winwick, Rev. G., Mrs., and Miss HORNBY, of Bury,
Captain and Mrs. P. HORNBY, and Mr. CREEVEY. The
superior powers of the locomotive carriage, the Rocket,
were again exhibited, the carriage frequently going at the
rate of 28 miles an hour, and averaging, during the ex-
cursion, including the inclined plane at Huyton, 224 miles
an hour.—Liverpool Times.
THE LAST DESCENDANT OF SHAKSPEARE
NOW IN LONDON.—(From a Correspondent in the Times.)
—g, I had, some time since, the happiness of rescuing
from extreme poverty, a young female, the last descendant
of WILLIAM SHA KSPEARE, the daughter of a poor woman
of this place (Leamington), and it will no doubt afford you
pleasure to know that she is at present respectably settled
in London, where she has conducted herself perfectly to
the satisfaction of her friends.—Leamington Spa, Nov. 9."

It has been reported that Mrs. GRANBY
CALCRAFT intends to offer no opposition to the suit insti-
tuted against her by her husband, and that on a divorce
being granted, a marriage will take place between her and
her noble admirer. This report, however, must be untrue,
for we find that the lady has appointed a proctor to resist
the suit, on grounds which promise some curious dis-
closures.

Notwithstanding that the professors of the
black art are subject to punishment in Paris for exercising
their profound calling, they appear to stand in less awe of
the ministers of justice there than in London. A few
days ago the " White Lady," so called because her com-
plexion is somewhat swarthy, was accused before the po-
lice Correctionelle, by an unsuccessful and envious physi-
cian, of parading the streets on horseback, exercising the
profession of medicine, and putting herself off as a sor-
ceress. A host of witnesses deposed to having placed
themselves as patients under the care of the "
White
Lady," and notwithstanding her peculiar mode of treat-
ment, accompanied by the mysterious words of her art,
they declared they had received no benefit for their money,
which the " White Lady," in order to evade the punish-
ment of the law, thought proper to demand, not for her-
self, but on.behalf of her horse. However, justice was
not to be so tricked, and the " White Lady" was
amerced in a fine of toOf.

T' ONER'S INQUEST.

On Weilnt-s•!av !.I,'• was taken at the Black

Ilorse, St. Clenwor,-, 1)1.f before Mr. CECIL, Co-
roner, on view of tlw hoily of Jane Copt's, who was that
morning found ilrowne,l in flio liver Cherwell. _ _ _

John Hemming 1111,1,,1---1 this morning found Jane
Copus dead in the Cherwell. I put her into a boat, and
brought her to this house. Color-, l'er, father, this morn-
ing asked me to go and look for his daughter, as she had
been missing ever since half.pAst tour o'clock ; he did
not give me any reason for asking me to go and look for
her. I went in consequence, accompanied by Thomas
Young and Edward Hickman, and they were in the boat
with me when the body was found. The father lodged
with me. I never heard or saw him beat her. Last
Right I offered her father to go and search for his daughter,
but he would not consent to it ; he was at that time in
liquor. Her father had lodged with me about two months.
Jane Copus is about 15 or 16 years of age. She had not
been at home with her father much more than a fort-
night. When I asked ha father last might, whether I
should go and see after her, he said either " her,
let her float," or he said, " her, let her drown."

I saw Copus take a sword last night, in the sheath, and
go down the yard with it; he was in a great passion, and
he said, " her eyes, 1 wish I could find her." I
followed him down the yard, and he endeavoured with his
foot to force the dye-house door of Mr. Jones. This was
between five and six o'clock in the evening ; the last t:me
I saw her was between eight and nine o'clock in the morn-
ing; she then appeared in good health and spirits, and in
full possession of her senses ; there was no appearance by
the side of the river, where I found her, of her having
slipped into the water, and it was impossible for her to
have fallen accidentally into the river where we found her.
Ann, the wile of John Hemming, deposed—Thomas
Copus,' father of Jane, lodged with me and my husband ;
the last five or six weeks Jane Copus had been living with
her father ; the last three weeks they seemed to agree
pretty well; I never saw him heat her ; I have heard him
threaten ; I saw her yesterday afternoon, about half-past
four o'clock; she then appeared to be in very good health,
and perfectly in her senses Her father was then at home
with his wife and three others of his family ; he was nut
then quite sober. I heard nothing pass between her and
her father. Her father sent her three times to ask me to
take tea with him and his mistress ; I sent word I had
rather not ; this was the last time I saw Jane Copus. In
about two minutes after Jane Copus had called on me the
third time, I went into Mr. Copus's room, when I found
Mr. and Mrs. Copus and three children, but Jane was
not there. About five minutes after I had been there
Mr. Copus missed Jane, and sent his little boy and girl
to see for her; they accordingly went down the yard, and
returned and said they could not find her ; he then sent
his eldest son William, and I afterwards went to look
for her, but we could not find her. Mr. ("opus then
went, and shortly returned, and said he could not find her.
Mr. Copus had been out yesterday soldiering, and re-
turned very much in liquor ; he is a serjeant in the Ox-
fordshire Militia ; I saw him last night going down the
yard, with a sword in a sheath; my husband was with
him ; he was at that time in a great passion ; he swore
and threatened, if he found his daughter, he would beat
her; two or three minutes before I last saw Jane Copus,
she came crying to me in the yard, and said, "Do pray
come in and sit with father, or I am afraid father will kill
me this night." She also said her father had thrown a
red-hot iron at her, but it had missed her ; that her father
went to kick her, and she got on one side of her mother;
that her father had thrown a plate with toast in it at her ;
she appealed very much alarmed, and I went into Copus's
room in consequence, and afterwards i❑ search of her ; I
found her pockets, almost immediately after she was mis-.
ing, concealed between two hog-tubs and the wall, close to
the river; there was only a key and a pocket handkerchief in
the pockets; I brought the pockets immediately to the house,
and delivered them to Jane Copus's mother, and she was
then very much alarmed, and expressed her fear that her
daughter was drowned. Mr. Copus was present, and said
something but I don't know what. He did not appear
to be at all concerned. He afterwards said, " her,
let her float."

The Jury returned the following verdict:—" The said
Jane Copus was found drowned in the river Cherwell, in
this county ; but although there is no proof how the de-
ceased came into the river, there appears from the evi-
dence too much reason to fear that the deceased was in-
duced to destroy herself in consequence of tl;e ill-treat-
ment and violent threats of her father, Thomas Copus, a
serjeant in the Oxfordshire Militia."

HUNTING INTELLIGENCE.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE YRESYNT
The Sinnington Fox Hounds, on Friday, at Sinnington
—at Nine.
The Hurworth Fox Hounds, on Friday, at Moor Bank
—at Ten.
The Northumberland Fox Hounds, on Friday, at Hart-
burn Bridge—at Ten.
York City Harriers, on Friday, at Stockton—at Half-
past Ten.
The Boroughbridge Harriers, on Friday, at the Third
Mile-stone on the York-road—at Half-past Ten.
Mr. Lester's Harriers, on Friday, at Corfe Hills.

MEXICO.--It appears that Lieut. HARDY,
whose Travels in Mexico are now attracting so much at-
tention, went out in the capacity of a Commissioner for the
general Pearl and Coral Fishery Assolation of London.
Of the results of his investigations he is rather chary ; but
while he preserves the fruits of his official inquiries for the
benefit of the purposes contemplated in his commission, he
is net so scrupulous of the miscellaneous knowledge ga•
thered during his four years' avocations. Like MAT..
THEWS in a mail coach, Lieutenant HA*DY has his pocket
hook ready whenever he meets an odd individual. No
peculiarity is suffered to escape ; he notes down all singu-
larities of word or deed. This circumstance cannot fail
to shed light upon the actual condition of the people ; and
there are a number of portraits from which an observer
can glean a fair estimate of the moral curiosities that figure
on that great field of modern revolution. All that he nar-
rates is drawn from his personal experience ; he is not in-
debted to other books, or other men, for what he states, and
consequently the volume has attractions of no mean kind.

Among other peculiarities BUONAYA RTE
could never endure the sight of a coloured gown—parti-
cularly one of a dark shade. A fat woman was also one
of his sovereign antipathies. He rarely invited to his
fetes or dinners females in a state of pregnancy, to whose
society he always evinced the most decided repugnance.
Politeness to the fair sex was not habitual to his charac-
ter : he was but little calculated for the utterance of those
soft nothings which custom has familiarised to female ears.
His compliments were often of the most uncouth descrip-
tion. At one time he would say to a lady, " Good God !
how red your arms are ! how red your arms are !" To
another, " What an abominable head-dress :" Or, " Who
can have trussed up your hair in that manner?" Or,
" How sailed your dress is ! Do you never change it ? I
have seen you in that at least twenty times."—Spite of
his bluntness, he possessed every requisite for forming
what in the language of the world is termed a man of
amiable manners—with the exception of the will.—Dr
Bourrienne's Memoirs.

One day last week a lady, dressed in a pelisse
and bonnet of laventine, made a-la-mode, whilst prome-
nading Ramsgate pier, was observed by some fishermen to
drop some part of her attire, when on approaching they
discovered it to he a pocket made of nankeen ; the men
pursued and overtook her, apprising her of the loss she had
sustained, naturally supposing she would gladly receive the
article again ; au contrarie, after a few moments' hesitation,
she denied all knowledge of the commodity, telling the
finder he might " take it back, as it was none of her's."
The lady forthwith left the pier, and subsequently the
town, in the Margate stage-coach. We suppose the ap-
pearance of the useful pocket not assimilating, before so
many spectators, with the beautiful bright colours of blue,
scarlet, yellow, and pink, in which she was decked, in-
duced her to disclaim all knowledge of her old and vulgar
companion, but the sequel proved it belonged to this lady
from Wapping. The pocket was conveyed by the men on
board their boat, where its examination caused infinite
amusement : amongst its multifarious contents were—part
of a box of Cockles's anti,bilious pills, a tooth brush, and
a square of Windsor soap, a small' phial with eau de vie,
a set of curl papers, two pieces of cheese in a paper, with
a piece of hard biscuit, and a letter. bearing the super-
scription of " Mrs. D_, Alareate, per favour ;" the
contents were—" Dr Nancy, I hopes your trip to the sea,
is good for you shall very glad when you come home as
every thing goes topsy turvy, the gill you hired is quite
opstrepolous and neglects the dear children wofully—and
to add to my troubles I have not been ah'e to Make up
more than sufficient money to pay what you borrowed fer
your incursion so that Bill cant be paid when it

is due and that is you know to-morrow I does hope you
will come very soon as I want you sadly. I remain your
loving helpmate, " Il!cH.attp

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

The national feeling runs so strong against
le monopoly of the East India Company, has

been explessed in language so unqualified, and
threatens the monopolists with such fatal conse-
quences, that they have Pt last been scourged, as
it were, into expedients for self-defence, and in
an evil hour have written, or caused to be writ-
ten, a pamphlet, entitled A Review of the Ar-
gzzments and Allegations which have been
*red to Parliament against the Renewal of
the East India Company's Charter. We have
looked to the 70 pages of this pamphlet for
something in the nature of new suggestion, or of
a logical use of materials already known ; but,
unhappily, we have not found either. The ear-
lier part of the work is confined to a sort of ar-
gument against the consistency of those who
lament the injuries which they have sustained
from the adoption by this Government of a
liberal system of commerce with the.world gene-
rally, while at the same time they are clamorous
for an extension to India and China of the same
free trade principle. This management of the
question is inexpressibly absurd. In the first
place, even if the advocates for free trade with In-
dia, &c., did consist principally of those indivi-
duals or classes who regret the breaking up of the
prohibitory regulations at home, bow would that
make out a charge of inconsistency against them?
They say, " we have suffered by your depriving
us of our monopoly of the home market for our
goods, be so kind or so equitable, therefore, as
to put other people on a level with us, and deal
out the same strict measure to the India mono-
polists as you have already to the British ?"
Their complaint that a monopoly has been taken
from themselves, harmonizes completely with
their outcry at the continuance of a monopoly
against themselves, in the hands of others, as a
violation of equal justice ; nor does the weak-
ness of this animadversion by the author of the
pamphlet derive extrinsic aid or credit from the
manner in which he has thought fit to clothe it.
But the advocates of home monopoly do not
compose the bulk, but, on the contrary, a very
minute portion of the vast body of merchants,
manufacturers, shipowners, statesmen, and con-
sumers, who exclaim against the oppressive mad-
ness of granting now, in the year 1830, a fresh
monopoly of commerce with the whole of
Eastern Asia, to an expiring corporation of po-
litical merchants, against the interests, the wishes,
and the rights of the whole nation inhabiting
the United Kingdom and its colonies, taken al-
ternately as producers and consumers, as having
British articles to sell, and demands for eastern
produce to be satisfied. It is the friends of free
trade in all its branches and modes (~f applica-
tion who press for the extension of that great
principle to the East, and who, let the patnphlet-
writer say what he will, are too strong to be re-
sisted by the Leadenhall-street sovereigns.
Dropping the pretence of inconsistency in the
opponents of a new monopoly, what is the next
favourite argument or assertion of the writer ?
Why, after admitting our immense growth in the
private trade with India, he assures us that it is
carried on at such a loss as to have ruined every
body who engaged in it Yet the trade still
still goes on. So with regard to China. 'We
must not think of trading to China, because the
Americans, who enjoy that commerce, find it is
a losing one. The Americans, then, are no
more judges of their own interest than are the
British merchants, and both must be governed
by the dictum of a Company's pamphleteer.
It the trade with India or with China cannot be
persevered in but at a loss, why should the
Company make such desperate efforts to mono-
polise it ? And if private traders cannot make
it answer, how, in the name of common sense,
can an unwieldy and costly Corporation do so ?
But we refer them to a letter on the subject of
this same pamphlet by a correspondent, under
the signature of " Oriens," more familiar with
the question than we are, and better entitled to
attention.—Times.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.

IRS I look out with some interest for all pub-
lications on the great question of the Indian mono-
poly, which is shortly to be brought before Parlia-
ment; and two days ago my attention was arrested
by an annunciation in the public Papers of a pamph-
let having the following title—A Review of the Ar-
guments and Allegations which have been ofered to
Parliament against the Renewal of the East India
Company's Charter. Under so imposing a title I
expected some original discussion. The perform-
ance in question, however, turns out to be a repub-
lication, with very immaterial alterations, of two ar-
ticles which appeared some time ago in the Asiatic
Journal, a periodical patronized by the Court of
Directors. The obligations to the .Journal are un-
acknowledged in the pamphlet, and even the name
of another publisher is affixed to the title-page. With
this disadvantage against it, however, the pamphlet
is upon the whole the most dexterous attempt which
has yet been made to vindicate the East India mo-
nopoly. It exhibits the most favourable view of the
Company's case which has yet been offered to the
public, and on this account merits a short examina-
tion. A few specimens will convince us how little
. _

can be said in these times in favour of monopolies,
and indeed will exhibit the cause of the Company in
rather a prostrate and humiliating predicament. This
great body itself has hitherto attempted nothing in
its own vindication ; • and it may be considered as
some concession to public opinion, that it has re-
frained from assuming the blustering attitude which
it was wont to take upon all former occasions of a
similar description. The trade of India has been
advancing by a regular, steady, and, I believe, an
unparalleled progre•sion for a period of 14 years.—
This there is no gainsaying, and the object of the
writer of the pamphlet, and of the qtliec advocates
of the Company, is to tnal;e the public believe that
the merchants end manufacturers engaged in the
Indian trade, and who ought, in common reason, to
know their own interests best, have been systemati-
cally prosecuting a ruinous trade during that )ong
period. This proceeding the present advocate of
the Company denounces as a " vicious system of
exorbitant trade," and his principal support o.li
this curious objection is a long qnotation from
the Morning Journal ! ccAi-acnosdities are re-
presented by him as selling in India below
prime cost. Let us examine the value of this asser-
tion, so utterly improbable. In the greater number
of manufactured goods, owing to the diffrculty of as.
certainirig that the article quoted at horns is exactly
of the same duality and description with that quoted
in India, it is not Very easy to determine the precise
amount of the difference in their prices. With sow,
however, it is quite practicable, such rAr, ihe metals.
Comparing the quotations of London price-current
with those of an indian one a few months later, auikt
which lust, just come to hand, is dated the I,3th of
June, I find the advance on sheet icad to be IS per
cent., on sheet copper to 140 33 per cent., and on
British bar irpA no less than 62 per cent. These
are pretty considerable advances upon artieloa of
mere dead weight or ballast, little chwheable with
freight. So much for Britikh martufactures selling
below prime cosh There have, no doubt, bet%
great lams and much fluctuation in the Indian trade
for the last 14 years; so have there been in every
branch of the foreign e4retnerce of the kingdom in
the same pc-,;:00- 'if he fluctuations and lassos sus-
tained in the Indian trade have, probably, upon the
whole, been smaller than in any other distant branch
of our commerce, They have been infinitely smaller

than in the South American trade, even than in our
trade with the United States, or our North Ameri-
can colonies, and far less than in our trade with
the distant colony of New South Wales. There are,
indeed, no countries in the world, making allowance
for the imperfect information which must ever be
attendant upon their vast distance, with which our
intercourse might be more stable than with India

~,

and China. . India belongs to ourselves, and we can

make wNtt laws for it we please; it will be our own
faults if our legislation produces uncertainty in our
intercour•.ie with it. The commercial policy of
China hal; remained unaltered for above a century.
o that for all practical purposes we may reckon upon
its continuing unchanged. All this is in complete
contrast to the policy of nations of the. European
race, and their descendants, which, in prosecution

of some imagined national advantage, is perpetually
vacillating, to the injury and perplexity of the foreign
merchant.
The author of the " Review" is exceedingly
angry at Mr. Whitmore's speech delivered on the
14th of May last—among other good reasons, be-
cause it had been praised in Parliament for its mode-
ration. We have his words for it, that "it is re-
markable for the very narrow view Ns hich it takes of
this great question, and for the superficial manner in
which the few topics it touched upon are discus,ed."
The novel doctrine is here insinuated, that the no-
tions of monopolists and their advocates are the

grand and comprehensive views which should be
adopted by the nation. Mr. Whitmore, after bt ing
thus taunted with narrow views, is accused of

representing the exports of the East India Com-
pany as declining. The exports of the year 18•?9
much exceeded those of 1828, no notice whatever,

however being taken of the exports of this I:v4
having fallen short of that which preceded it by 49
per cent.
..The fluctuation of a single year, then is
to be considered as a mortal blow given to Mr.
Whitmore's statement. Our author limits himself

to six years' exports from 1824 to 1829 inclusive,
when the average yearly exports of the Company
were no more than 712,3271. It would not have

suited ,his purpose to go a little farther back,
although there was a statement before his eyes in the
public accounts of 14 years' exports, v:z. from

1814-15 to 1827-28. In the first seven years of
his period the Company's average annual exports,

rrom.Great Britain 6Cliinaamounted to 1,056,412/.

and in the last only to 759,9601., or they had fallen
off by 28 per cent. A still earlier period xvould
have been still less to his purpose. If he had fallen,
for example, upon the six years , from 1802 to 1807
inclusive, he would have found that the average ex-
ports of the Company, exclusive of a considerable
quantity of bullion, not now exported at all,
amounted yearly to 1,115,9221., or in other words,
that they had fallen off in the short period of 22

years by 36 per cent. In the six yews just quoted
the average of the East India Company's yearly im-

ports of tea from China was 21,254,1361b5:

the six years quoted by our author they amounted to
32,056,6401b5. The relief to our commerce and ma-

nufactures from the Company's exports to China
had decreased by 36 per cent.; the Company's
means of taxing us through the monopoly had aug-
mented by above 32 per cent. The nation has
paid to the East India Company for tea, the King's
duties of course altogether excluded, on the average
of the five years ending with the sth of January,
1828, no less than 4,258,6541. a-year. The Com-
pany, on the average of the same period, has ex-
ported British manufactures to the yearly value of
no more than 682,1771. Did the British nation

enjoy an open trade with China like all other people,
there is not a farthing of the enormous difference of
3,576,477/. that would not be exported in the shape
of British manufactures, or in the value of such
manufactures disposed of in other parts of the world.
Mr. Whitmore, I think, was to blame, then, for
greatly under-rating the mischiefs of the monopoly.
His speech was not only what it was called in Par-
liament, moderate, but perhaps too moderate, at

least as far as regards his arithmetical statements.—
The worthy author of the pamphlet seems himself
to hare some misgivings respecting the accuracy of
his own statement, and would have us to believe
that a "large, sometimes the largest, portion of
the Company's exports to China is made from
India." Now, the author had before him• in the
official statements to which he so often refers—viz.,
in an account drawn up at the India House, exhibit.
ing the whole value of the Company's exports and
imports between India and China for 14 wears, or
from the commencement of the free trade to the
year 1827-28, the means of verifying this allega.
tion, had it been true. By reference to that docu-
ment, we find the assertion to be egregiously erro.
neous. The annual average, instead of being large,
and sometimes larger than the exports of the Com-
pany from England, amount only to 396,258/., or
were exceeded by the exports from Europe for the
six years quoted by himself by 79 per cent. ! In
the first seven years of the statement the average
trade of the Company bet tveen India and
China amounted to 402,940/., and in the last
seven only to 391,033/, or they have fallen
off by 11,9071. The same public account give.; a
statemenr,but a very imperfect and inadequto.t one, of
the intercourse carried on by " British interlopers"
between India and China for thirteen years. Its
annual average is 3,050,000/., or it exceed* the trade
of " the lords of Industan" by otl7. per cent. ! In
the first six years of the statement, the annual
average of this trade by sufferance was hut
2,836,8721.; in the last seven it exceeded this by
396,224/., that is, by a sum exceeding the whole
of the Company's trade between India and China put
together. In the public account now quoted the
Company's trade is represented as consisting of ex-
ports and imports : it is fair, however, to suite that
the Company does not import a pound's worth from
China into India, and that their whole trade cons
sists of exports from the latter country, upon wh;ch
it is notorioes that a heavy loss is sustained., nomi-
nally by them, but strictly by the nation; Another
account compiled at the India-hour,,,
quoted, embracing 14 years, end;.-14 and already
with 1827-28,
exhibits a view of the invoice value of the Com-
pany's trade between England and China. In the
six last years of this statement the imports from Eng-
land amounted only to 750,7191. but the exports
from China amounted to 1,948,4611. The Com-
pany makes, no profit upon its exports-from England
to China. This they themselves have repeatedly as-
sured us of, having indeed upon more than one oc-
casion exhibited statements to Parlia:,nent, showing
the dead loss which they year afier year submitted
to sustain—according to thins for the good of the
people, and according tia ethers, for the promotion
of their own patronage, For freight and charges of
merchandist,,, therefore, we add 25 per cent, to the
joint ;,vestige of their exports from Europe and
Thia will make their whole imports into China
1,433,7211., making the difference between the im-
ports and exports above half a million sterling.
How is this deficiency made up ? 'Why by drawing
bills in China upon the territorial revenue of India.
The Hindoos, in short, are first taxed half a million
sterling for the purchase a tea, and the East India
Company having posaessed themselves of this new
instrument of exaction, sail quietly home, and with
its aseistance tax the British nation to the =owl, of
2,000,000/. per annum to maintain a •dionopoly
against itself, and to give every pract!cal facility to
rival .V.atioas, All this we are as:iured, with incom-
payable gravity, is for the :Zimtnon benefit of India
avd of Great Britain, ORIENS.

It appeP‘is that purchases of Government an-
builies, under the recent Annuity Act and
Tables, arc becoming quite the fashion with
monied merw- This system of granting mini-
ties in consideration of an immediate transfer of
has proposed
on
orni
e
capital, differs widely in principle and character,
o
rboYccita.sions, when
The Bri-
tish Igertnotntehte end
Government
pressed by the necessity of borrowing money,
acc
trtiNl,
adopted the measure, for the sake of varying, in
some degree, the ways and means of alluring
capitalists, and thereby facilitating loans. To

the lender, the Finance Minister would repre-
sent the long term for which the annuity was to
run, and the liberal income secured by it, while to
the public he would describe the excess of the
annuity above the common rate of interest, and
the early period at which the burden imposed by
it upon the nation would cease. The present
condition of the country, however, is one which
raises the nature of such a financial measure as
this from a mere expedient for raising money
into an important and disinterested accommoda-
tion to many classes of the people. Individuals
not having families, and being desirous to hi-
e:ease their stock of actual comforts by an in-
crease of income, unattended with risk, have

thus an opportunity of converting any portion of
their capital, great or small, from a fund bearing
only 3 or 4 per cent. interest, into an annuity,
terminable either with their Hiles or otherwise,
of 6,8, 10, or 12 per cent., according to age,
or other circumstances. The act has been ar-
raigned as an invitation to selfishness, to sacrifice
other interests to its own, as in the case of hus-
bands, parents, &c., buying annuities for them-
selves, and leaving their families destitute. But
this is a foolish objection. The selfish man may
find many ways of indulging his own tastes, and
extending his enjoyments, at the expellee of
those who have more sacred claims upon his so-
licitude. A heartless father, for instance, re-
quires no Annuity Act to induce or enable him
to mortgage his estate ; and a good one will
no more yield to that than to any other tempta-
tion. But with regard to the possible con-
sequences of this Act, so far as the public
interests are concerned, we do not very
clearly see our way. The operation of the Act,
for example, appears to have no limit but the
disposable capital of the country. The Com-
missioners for Reduction of the National
Debt are empowered " to grant annuities accord-
ing to the tables, upon the transfer to the said
commissioners of any Bank Annuities, or any
Long Annuities, as the consideration of the
same : payments may also be made in money,
in lieu of transferring stock." Thus any
person who thinks fit—and as many as think
tit—may demand from the Commissioners ter-
minable annuities, to the extent of (for illustra-
tration sake) 10,000,0001. yearly, in exchange
for an amount of capital which, by its transfer to
the hands of the Commissioners, does not cover
an interest of more than 4,000,0001. or
5,000,0001. The probability of such an im-
mense addition to the immediate burdens of the
country, by a general eagerness to buy annuities
from Government, is a different question, and
one of which we cannot judge ; but suppose it
to take place, what provision has been, or can be,
made for it ? The difficulty of providing for
tl:at peculiar pension list called the .‘ dead
weight;"— (and annuities under the present
Act mean nothing more in their financial
operation than so many pensions for life
or years)—was the motive for trying
that inconceivable experiment of a succes-
sion of loans, repayable by annuities for
forty (odd) years—of which the utter failure
was signalized a few months ago, by the refusal
of this Bank of England to grant any further
loans in aid of it. The object of that experi-
ment was to diminish the actual pressure, by
prolonging it ; and the end was thought to be
of so much importance, as to justify its accom-
pliehment by a large attempt to borrow. Here
the res-erse is the thing desired,—viz. the aggra-
vating the immediate pressure, by abridging its
duration, woad the limits of the measure do not
appear to have been fixed or
.contemplated either
by the Legislature or the Government, but left
to the chapter of accidents, and the fluctuations
of /he monevemarket. A question arises, are
the elainis upon the Commissioners likely to be
,so numerous as greatly to increase the present
Alinual expenditure of the nation ? Such a
question at least appears, from the official state-
ment " introductory to the tables," to suggest
h.lf to every one who reads the statement. How
it .may be in practice, they can perhaps tell bet-
tor about the Stock Exchange than in Down-
ing-street.—lbid.

We call the attention of our readers to a letter
from a Correspondent, on the subject of a late
trial in the Court of King's Bench, regarding
the sale of offices. Our Correspondent, as he
states, communicated to us the particulars of the
case several months ago, and the result has
amply confirmed our anticipations with respect
to the part which the Duke of Wellington would
, There can, we fear, be little doubt that
men in office contrive to make the most in hard
cash of the patronage they possess ; and this
case is only distinguished from many others by
the unfortunate circumstance to the purchaser of
his having been somewhat beyond the proper
age. Our Correspondent states that he first ap-
plied to the Lords of the Treasury on the subject
of the wrong done to his friend. " To this ap-
plication, however, be it frankly, although not
offensively, stated, their Lordships evinced very
much repugnance. I then wen, to the Duke of
Wellington, reiterating to him the sentiments
eons,eyed in my letter to the Treasury ; and to
which t received an acknowledgment, which, al-
though brief, indicated a correct sense of public
propriety and private justice and courtesy. A day
after this I 'had the honour of their Lordships'
acknowledgments. Merl ant sat." The Duke
of Wellington, not satisfied with merely expres-
sing his sense of this transaction, has exerted
himself to discover the " greater offender," and
afforded to the unfortunate plaintiff' the, means
to enable him to proceed in the business. This
instance of an inflexible determinc,tion in the head
of the Government to strike at peculation and
venality, be the offenders who they may, is
calculated to do more good than can well be ex-
pressed. It reads the powerful under him a les.
eon, calculated to make a profound impression
on them. Some of those who served with his
Grace in the Peninsula, and who knew the ex-
tent of his services in purifying from the grossest
corruption various branches of our service, ex-
pressed themselves with confidence on his accep-
tance of the Premiership—that with his strait-
forward way of proceeding, he would do much
more to break up corrupt confederacies, and to
purify the Administration of the country, than
any of his predecessors had done. In the Ord-
;lance he gave a sample of what lie could do ;
and the instance above alluded to is, we believe,
zany thing but a solitary proof of his determina-
tion to pursue the same resolute line of con-
duct in all the branches of the service.—Morn-
itig Chronicle.
In the forthcoming number of the Edin-
huyet Review, with an early number of which
we halve been furnished, there is an article on
the French Commercial System, containing
much-iialusibleinformation on a subject of ge-
neral interest 'tit the present moment. What
the French have ga‘iiied by that system, which
is the admiration of a certain class of politicians
among ourselves, may be seen in this article.—
We wish we could say we saw any prospect of

an improvement in the state of opinion on com-
mercial subjects among our neighbours. How-
ever, a fair representation of the commercial and
manufacturing state of France 11-K.:"; all events,
serve as a beacon to ourselves to avoid the
rocks on which the industry of that country has
been shipwrecked. A correspondent, whose
communication follows our City Article, is at
pains to show that England ought to pursue the
system which has produced in France the most un-
fortunate results. The Americans have been fools
enough to endoavour, by what is called a protec-
tive system, to establish, under great disadvant-
ages, various branches of manufactures. This
system has failed, and the American Govern-
ment has, we believe, shewn symptoms of a dis-
position to retrace its steps. On the other hand,
the Government of this country has placed the
American intercourse with our West India
Colonies under restrictions which were calculated
to favour the commerce of Canada with the West
Indies. If things were left to themselves, there
can be no doubt that the Americans, from proxi-
mity, and the easy access to their ports at all
seasons, would supply the West Indies with
lumber. Our correspondent, echoing the lan-
guage of a certain class of shipowners, says—
capital has been expended on the faith of the
continuance of the present laws interdicting the
Americans from the West Indies, which will be
lost if the Americans, who have great national
advantages, be allowed to compete with the Ca-
nadians in the supply of the West Indies with
lumber, &c. " The true policy of England,"
lie says, " is to make the interests, prosperity,
and happiness of our Colonies, a primary and
paramount consideration with her Government."
The disputes of the philosophers used for the
most part to be at an end, when they understood
the terms of each other. The interest of our
Colonies ! But have West India Planters no
concern with our Colonies ? The British West
Indies can only hope to thrive by cultivating as
cheaply as their neighbours ; for they cannot
limit, if they would, their growth to the English
consumption, and the price which they obtain
abroad for the sugar not consumed here must
affect the prices in the home market. Whatever
adds to the expence of the cultivation of sugar,
is so much taken out of the pockets of the West
Indian planters ; so that this pretty phrase of
" interests of our Colonies," means neither more
nor less than that the colonists of the West In-
dies shall be sacrificed to that portion of the
London ship-owners who have embarked capital
in the trade between Canada and the West In-
dies. The English of the matter is this— if a
blunder be once committed, it must be persisted
in to all eternity; if a hundred, or two hundred
thousand pounds have been embarked in a
ruinous speculation, that speculation should be
continued at a loss of millions. But at all
events, if general principles are to be abandoned,
the West Indian interests, as being of longer
standing, and of more consequence from their
extent, are entitled to preference over interests of
a day's standing, when a comparatively trifling
outlay of capital is concerned. But to return to
the article in the Edinburgh Review. The fol-
lowing particulars are eminently deserving of no-
tice :—The Irench, with every disadvantage, have
been anxious to have no competitors in the manu-
facture of iron. " The excessively high duties
(says the Reviewer) laid on the importation of fo-
reign iron into France, in 1814 and 1822, have,
by reducing the imports from abroad, and raising
the price of iron at home to a comparatively high
level, attracted a great deal of capital to the iron
trade, and occasioned its rapid extension." In
1818, the unwrought iron produced in France
was estimated at 1,140,000 metrical quintals; it
is now supposed to amount to 2,269,000 quin-
tals. There are still from 80 to 90,000 quin-
tals of foreign iron imported, the greater part of
which pays a duty of 25 francs, from which it is
obvious that the 2,269,000 quintals must be in-
creased in the same proportion to consumers,
beyond the price at which it could be imported,
making the cost of protection 1,621,5201. ster-
ling. But this is not all ;—nineteen out of
twenty parts of the iron produced are prepared
by wood, and the price of this important article
has risen nearly a third, in a few years. But
observe how one monopoly affects all branches
of industry. "On M. Martin, an iron-founder
at Rouen, being asked by the Commission to
what he ascribed the high price of machinery in
France compared with its price in England, he
replied, I attribute this great price to this, that
the fuel, the files, the steel, in short the whole
materiel of the fabrication is three times dearer
in France than in England.'" The French
sugars have been protected also, and what is the
consequence ? The French have stimulated the
growth of sugar in the colonies by a discriminat-
ing duty of 50 francs the quintal, which has given
them the monopoly of the home-market; that is,
the French consumers pay 1,318,0001. sterling
over and above what they would have to pay
were the same duty laid on foreign sugar that is
laid on sugar imported from the French colonies.
But this is not all—the colonists have a draw-
back on the sugar exported from France, equi-
valent not only to the duty charged on them,
but also to the computed difference between
their natural cost and the cost of the sugars of
Brazil and Cuba. The effect of all this is, that
the price of sugar is so much raised to the French
consumer, that " an Englishman consumes at an
average about five times as much sugar as a
Frenchman." The French have exerted them-
selves greatly to protect their cotton manufac-
ture, But then, as one manufacture depends on
another, see how the monopoly of iron affects
the monopoly of cotton. The Reviewer gives a
statement, from the Committee of Manufac-
turers, of the expence of erecting and maintain-
ing a spinning-mill, wrought by a steam-engine
of thirty-horse-power

IN TRANCE. IN ENGLAND.
Cost of a Steam-Engine con- Francs. Francs.
strutted on the principle of
those of Watt 55,000 35,000
Cost of the Machine and fit-
tings up 425,000 270,000
Placing the Machinery, &c 20,000 20,000

500,000 325,000

Interest, and wear and tear, rent, fuel, &c.
are made to amount in France to 98,500 francs ;
and in England to 51,000 francs. The Cotton
Manufacturers say that the prohibition to import
was valuable to them, when they were unable to
supply the home demand ; but that now that
they can do this, a re-action has taken place,
and they are involved in difficulties, from which
there is hardly any prospect of escaping. a The
difficulties," say the Commission named by the
Cotton Manufacturers, ,4 in which the Cotton
Manufacturer is involved, is a fact unfortunately
but too evident ; our workshops are shut, our
goods are depreciated ; and should this state of
things be prolonged, we see with anxiety not
merely the speedy ruin of the heads of our esta-
blishments, but also the future ruin of eight
hundred thousand workmen depending on the ma-
nufacture of cotton." The Reviewer has gone mi.

nutely through the various branches of the French
industry, and shewn in an unanswerable manner
that they have suffered greatly by the absurd policy
pursued by the Bourbon Government, the servile
imitators of Bonaparte. He concludes with a tribute
to Mr. Fitzgerald, for his enlightened and manly
conduct in not allowing himself to be influenced
by the groundless clamour raised against the new
measures. " Let it not," he observes, "be said
that the experience of England is inconsistent
with that of France. We, no doubt, have been
involved in serious difficulties; but so far from
being caused, it is certain that they have been
very materially mitigated by the advances we
have made towards a more liberal and enlight-
ened commercial system. In France, however,
the case is far otherwise ; she has not suffered
from the abuses of credit, and the explosion of
an artificial paper system, resting on the most
worthless foundations ; her commerce and in-
dustry have been ruined by efforts to foster
them ; the 3 have been swathed and bandaged ;
so fenced about and protected, that their natural
power and vigour have been paralysed, and they
are in consequence quite unable to withstand the
competition of those who are placed in a state
of comparative freedom." We certainly agree
with the Reviewer, that the distress in this
country has been chiefly confined to the weaving
department, and that it has originated not in any
falling off in the demand for manufactured
goods, but in the substitution of power looms
for hand looms—a distress which cannot be per-
manent.—lbid.

It is not to be wondered at, that, in the pre-
sent depressed and extraordinary state of the
country, both domestic and foreign, the minds
of the reflecting portion of the community
should be turned to the consideration of our
financial condition, as regards the amount of
taxation, the pressure of the debt, the increasing,
or decreasing, wealth of the country, and other
questions bearing more or less immediately on
its present state aesd future welfare ; and we ac-
cordingly find, in two recent publications, some
able discussion of these various points. The
first is contained in the Introduction to Colonel
Evans's recent publication " On the practica-
bility of Invading British India;" and the
second in the last number of the Quarterly Re-
view. The object of Colonel Evans being to
show, that if a war for maintenance of the na-
national honour or safety became necessary, we
still possess the means of warring with any power
which might challenge us to the combat, he has
merely considered our financial condition as it
respects the amount of revenue, and the pres-
sure of taxation—the former of which he con-
siders as evidence of a great increase of wealth—
while he contends, on the other hand, that large
as is the amount of the debt, and the amount of
our annual expenditure in the different public
departments, the pressure on the country is
actually less now than it was upwards of a cen-
tury ago.
" It is generally supposed," says he, " that the
country is now more burdened with debt than it
ever was before, since the origin of national loans.
I venture to maintain the entire fallacy of that po-
sition, on the following grounds:—
" Burdens of this nature, whether public or pri-
vate, can only be relatively estimated by comparison
with the income of the debtor.

" We will take four periods :—after the Succes-
sion War, 1716 ; conclusion of the American war,
1783; the commencement of the late wars, 1793;
and the present time.
" The average revenue of the first period (1716)
may be put at 41,000,0001.; the annuity to the
public creditor, payable out of it, being nearly
3f,000,000/.

-"
Average revenue of tile second period (1783),
12,000,0001. Annuity to public creditor, 9,000,0001.
" Third period (1793). Revenue, 17,000,0001.;
annuity to the public crediter, 10,000,000/.
" Average revenue of recent years, .50,000,000/.;
annuity to the public creditor, 28,000,000/.
" It appears, then, that the annuity (or interest)
to he deducted amounted, in the
" First period, to nearly three-fourths of the income.
" Second to three-fourths of the income.
" Third —to two-thirds of the income.
" Fourth to less than three-fifths of the income.

" It is, therefore, manifest that the interest pay-
able to the public creditor borre a materially hea-
vier proportion to the revenue, in the three former
periods, than in the fourth or present one.
" Then, with respect to the surplus revenue, the
surplus of the present time is about twenty fold
greater than in the first-mentioned period—the po-
pulation having only trebled. (Average price of
corn then about 405.)
" The surplus now is about sevenfold greater
than in 1783, and three times greater than in 1793;
(the population not being increased in the same
proportion, nor even doubled—having been, in
1793, 15,000,000.)
" The greater the population, the greater the
means of bearing or paying off incumbrances, un-
less when a population is labouring under a vicious
system—under extraneous evils, as Ireland has been.
" Finally, the population of the United King-
dom has trebled within about a century ; the reve-
nue has become twelve times more than it then was
(1716); and the interest on the debt nine times
greater, (28, 3f). It is therefore impossible to
deny that the incumbrances are now proportionately
less than they Men were. It is clear, also, from the
same date, that the income of the state has been
gaining upon the incumbrances during the past hun-
dred years."
Our author (Colonel Evans) then goes on to
state his opinion, in the same cheerful and san-
guine manner, that " even though no progress
he made in paying off the debt, its pressure
must become gradually lighter in proportion to
the increasing introduction of the precious metals
—to the increasing industry and wealth of all
the civilized nations—the consequent necessity:
of an increased circulating medium every where,
and the high prices which must follow ;" but
while ice subscribe in the fullest extent to the
doctrine here broached, and are ready to allow
that the pressure of our eight hundred millions,
if the wealth of the country continue to increase,
will be gradually less felt, because extended over
a more numerous and wealthy population, we must
enter our caveat against the doctrine, that the
revenue of a country, as compared with its bur-
thens at different periods, is a just criterion of
its present abilities and resources. A country
may be over-taxed, as well as over. burthened
with debt ; and though for a few years it
may fail to exhibit any sensible effects of
the drain, the fact is self-evident that the
sources may be finally exhausted, and the
revenue raised not from the annual accumula-
tions of the people's industry, but from the
capital which they had previously accumulated ;
and we fear much that the contributions to the
revenue of this country have at length begun to
take this direction. We willingly grant, how-
ever, along with Colonel Evans, that what may
at present be styled the impoverished condition of
the country, arises less from the absence of na-
tional wealth than from its unequal distribution
—the positive poverty of some classes, and the
enormous accumouleavtieorn,
which vi isonlyfi,ealli t i
remediable
nomtheietiable
others—a
state of things, however,
through the medium of a tax on property, and
which, if it should not be remedied in that man-

ner, prognosticates, at no distant date, the ap.
proach of a dreadful crisis. The article in the
Quarterly Review has for its express object at)
examination of our financial condition, and is
mitten with great ability and moderation, as
well as with much knowledge of the documents
anti facts from which correct conclusions can be
deduced. The writer surveys our financi.:l re-
sources under every possible point of view, and
arrives at nearly the same consolatory conclusions
as Colonel Evans, respecting the capabilities of
the country. We must enter oar protest here,
however, as in the case of the former writer,
against the conclusion which is drawn from the
increasing amount of the legacy and probate
duty, of the increasing wealth of the coun-
try ; for besides the allowances and deduc-
tions subscribed to by the writer, we think
it may not very unfairly be urged that much
of the property which is thus assumed by
him as a test of increasing wealth, is the produce
of the war period—the increase of wealth dur-
ing which we do not deny, and not of those
which have since elapsed. In a word, suppos-
ing the amount of the legacy and probate duty
to be the proper test of our forward or retrograde
position, we do not think that period has yet ar-
rived when it can be fairly assumed'as a proof.
Should it continue to increase either in a pro-
portionate, or greater, ratio, than the increase of
our population in future years, then indeed will
it be proved that the present generation enter-
tained a false conception of its true position ; but
these years have yet to elapse, and tile returns for
them to be made : and until they have, it would
assuredly be premature to draw any other con-
clusion from those which have passed and been
made, than that the nation, as a whole, is more
wealthy now, than it was, not five, or seven, or
ten, but some twenty or thirty years ago. There
are other points in the article in the Quarterly
Review, on which we entertain doubts, which
our limits will not permit us at present to discuss,
but we cannot quit the subject without recom-
mending the article in question to the attention
of those of our readers who take an interest in
such matters. It is characterized throughout by
much patient investigation, sound sense, and
careful comparison of the various facts bearing
upon our financial condition.—Morning Adver.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF CHANCERY, Nov. 25.
FREEMAN V. FAIRLIE.

Mr. SOLICITOR-GENERAL applied for a new trial
of the issue which had been directed to the Court
of Common Pleas, to ascertain the legitimacy of one
of the parties, who claimed as next of kin of the in-
testate Oldham. The facts have been repeatedly
stated, and were now again recapitulated by the
Solicitor-General, who contended that the verdict
of the Jury had been against the facts proved in the
case, and the presumption arising from those facts

The LORD CHANCELLOR said the case had now
reduced itself to a more distinct and definite shape
than it had ever before assumed. Upon the trial of
a former issue it had been found that Thomas, the
son of Thomas and Elizabeth Oldham, was born be-
fore the celebration of a marriage between his father
and mother in 1714. The direct inference from
this was, that he was illegitimate. Since that trial
it had been discovered that a marriage took place be-
tween the same parties in 1712, before the birth of
the same Thomas; and if that could be substan•
dated, he was legitimately born. The Jury, after
considering the evidence in support of this view of
the case, had found that the latter marriage did take
place, and therefore that Thomas was a legitimate
chili. His Lordship saw no reason for granting the
new trial. The motion was therefore refused.