The Sun.
London, England, 1842-11-29 00:00:00

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

Sint,—ln your Paper of this evening, I find an ac-
count of an accident on the Centrifugal Railway.
This interesting and startling exhibition is not a safe
amusement either in transition or in physical effect, nor
should it be indulged in until some contrivance is adopted
to secure the passengers from the effect of tangent tor-
sion or fracture. To the plethoric the danger front re-
vulsion of system is fearful. About ten days since I
passed the line, and then felt at the zenith a hitch in
the flash of motion, but I was whirled providentially
in safety to the summit ; hut, being plethoric, I re-
tain a most painful recollection of my experiment,
and I would warn your readers to take advice from a
mechanic on the one score, and from a healthy, and
not timid, man on the other, not to place themselves
in jeopardy upon this amusing line of rail, unless ad-
vised by their consulting surgeon and engineer.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
Nov. 24, 184:2. H. It. A.

MALTA NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

VALETTA, MALTA, Nov. 15.

DISTRIBUTION OF TIIE MEDITERRANEAN FLEET.—
In Malta harbour, the Queen, 110, bearing the flag
of Vice-Admiral Sir E. W. C. R. Owen, Comman-
der in-Chief; Ceylon, bearing the flag of Rear-Ad-
miral Sir J. Louis, Superintendent of Malta Dock-
yard ; Impregnable, 104 ; Monarch, 84 ; Vanguard,
80 ; Inconstant, 36 ; Snake, 16 ; Devastation war-
steamer; Prometheus, Polyphemus, and Alecto steam-
packets. At Gibraltar—The Rodney, 92 ; Savage,
10 ; and Lizard steam-tender. At Leghorn—The
Belvidera, 38 ; on her way to Marseilles the Locust
steam tender ; on her way to Malta from Gibraltar
the Formidable, 84. At Trieste—L'Aig!e, 24.
On her way to Corfu the Cyclops steam frigate. At
Beyrout—The Vernon, 50 ; Scout, 18 ; Hecate and
Vesuvius war steamers. On her way to Alexandria,
the Medea war steamer. At Constantinople, the
Stromboli war steamer. At Smyrna, the Magicienne,
24 ; and on her way thither the Indus, 78. At
Corfu—The Geyser war steamer. At Salamis—The
Howe, 120, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Sir F.
Mason, second in command in the Mediterranean,
and the Beacon and Magpie surveying vessels at
Suda, in Candia.
MOVEMENTS SINCE THE 6TH OF NOVEMBER.—
The Devastation arrived from Tunis and Tripoli on
the Bth, and proceeds this evening for Athens,
Smyrna, and Beyrout. The Howe sailed for Salamis
on the 9th, where it is expected she will winter. The
Alecto arrived from Patras and the lonian Islands on
the 12th, having suffered such damage in her engine-
case as to oblige her to depend upon her canvas for the
last two days, and to render it very likely that she
will have to be sent to England in the spring. The
Polyphemus arrived from Marseilles on the night of
the 12th, bringing the overland London mail of the
4th inst. The Oriental arrived a few hours after her,
and proceeded on her voyage to Alexandria on the
13th, on which morning the Medea arrived from
Alexandria, bringing the Bombay mail of the 15th
ult., the important news by which I forwarded you,
via Marseilles, by the Locust, which left on the after-
noon of the same day. The Medea returned to Alex-
andria on the 14th. The Polyphemus carries the in-
termediate mail to Gibraltar this afternoon.

Another suspension bridge is projected across the
Thames ; it is to be between Cheyne-walk, Chelsea,
and the opposite shore of Battersa.
MURDER OF SEVENTEEN BRITISII SEAMEN EY
ITCIE" 'SOUTH SEA ISLANDERS.—Saturday evening the
ship Wiley, Captain Lazenby, arrived in the river
Thames from the South Sea whale fishery, with 1,200
barrels of sperm oil. We regret to learn that seven-
teen of her crew, who had gone ashore on the islands,
were barbarously massacred by the natives, and the
remainder only saved their lives by plunging into the
sea, and swimming through a heavy surf to the ship.
During the voyage the Offley experienced very tem-
pestuous weather,

placed, and which threatened its existence. The ob-
ject of their meeting had been accomplished, as they
would learn from the addresses which were to be de-
livered to-night in elucidation and support of the reso-
lutions adopted by the Convocation.
Dr. BUCHANAN, of Glasgow, said, the whole ques-
tion had now resolved itself into this—was the Church
a human or was it a divine institution. Certainly, if
it stood on the low vulgar level of a mere Municipal
Corporation, it must be conceded that the State should
be its governor. No sphere could have more than
one centre, and in this view the functions of the
Church ought to be limited by the will of the State,
and. her office-bearers subject to its control. But if
the Church has a Divine foundation, and possesses
laws which are independent of ".the Civil Magistrate,
then is it that no secular power can bring her into
bondage. From the throne of the Most High does
the light emanate which is the Church's guide, and
from his revealed word alone does that decree proceed
which can give law to the Church. If the Church
had known that the law of patronage meant that
Presbyteries were bound and astricted by law to re-
ceive and declare qualified, the man whom the patron
has thought qualified, under pain of civil penalties,
then the law of patronage would never have been
tolerated. But until the decision in the Auchterarder
case the Church did not so understand it, rightly
judging that she had acts and statutes ratified and
confirmed, which gave her Presbyteries the sole right
of judging of the qualifications, of ministers. Pa-
tronage was tolerated, because of that other advantages
which the Church derived from the connection with the
State. But this decision has wholly altered the rela-
tive position of the Church to the State. It has made
the presentation and induction of ministers a matter
the Church, act-
ing on its intrinsic right, and in conscientious fulfil-
ment of its solemn obligations to its Divine head, may
be subjected to pains and penalties by the Civil
power. The first decision in the Auchterarder case
did not alarm the Church to such a degree, for it re-
ferred solely to the temporalia of the cure, which the
Church did not dispute the right of the Civil Courts
to regulate ' • but this second and last judgment has
shown the Church the full dimensions of the evil
which awaits her. The Church, by acting on its own
authority, and giving a verdict in a way disagreeable
to the Courts of Law, has subjected itself in dam:ages,
which have been named at 16,0001. The Civil power
was at all times jealous of the attoult-
Judge in a s;tordion of temptation. And yet in a
case of far higher moment than the adjudication of
mere civil interests, the Judges were bribed to decide
onlyinone
and pathrtei
icrnilnatregwriatyy,asuanndeirndpependent j udica-
enalty of heavy
damages,
catory thereby undermined. The prospect which
presents itself of a separation between the Church
and the State, must be looked at with horror and dis-
may. And yet, it is not so much for the sake of
the Church that this horror and dismay should be
felt, as for the sake of the State itself. But it must
be evident to the Legislature that unless the Church
sr
e t
h o i
that it,
is to have conceded to it a power distinct from the
Civil Magistrate, in the exercise of that authority
andits to it
connectionalon e,
with
t wouldthe
State were dissolved to-morrow.
bwehbeiehttoerf rfigorhtthbelo belongs
c

Mr. M'DONALD, of Urquhart, having engaged in
prayer,
Dr. CLASON gave some particulars connected with
the Convocation. There were present at its sittings
479 ministers, who came from the extreme north of
Caithness, as well as Maidenkirle in the south. No
doubt some difference of opinion did exist, as it could
hardly fail to do among such a meeting on so grave a
question as that before them, but they were thoroughly
united in sentiment and in feeling as regards the
alarming nature of the crisis which had come upon
the Church. Two sets of resolutions had been
adopted; the first of which had reference to the dis-
tinctions essentially existing between the Civil Ma-
gistrate's jurisdiction, and that which belonged to
the Courts of the Church of Christ. This distinction
was apparent, and in the whole of God's dealings
with his people, as recorded in his revealed Word
and in the whole history of his Church on earth, its con-
stitution was such that it could not by any possibility
be infringed on, unless it ceased to exist as such.
Their own Confession of Faith said positively that
the Church had a power altogether distinct from the
Civil Magistrate, and with which he may not inter-
fere. It is on this high ground that the Convocation
has given forth a clear and distinct testimony to the
people and the rulers on this important point,
brought before them for deliberation. To that tes-
timony 427 Ministers in the Convocation gave
their adherence and support. The second question
was, as to what steps the Ministers had come up to
this Convocation to take in this great emergency.
The Church has been hindered in the exercise of its
spiritual discipline in the preaching of the Gospel,
and in the dispensation of the ordinances. We have
, that we cannot con-
therefore
if we are not to
encroachments on the part of
btt
eilemr ee fot
protected
or ebdeclared
from s
a f.oree oi. ni e thish
Church
of pointc
the Civil Courts. We have declared that if the prin-
ciples of the Auchterarder case are to be held by the
Legislature as correct, we are ready to surrender all
the privileges which belong to us as an Established
Church, rather than submit to that decision. The
say
the way and
be made to
oinneltyhoqdueisntiNovnhicaht
ththisedCeoclnaztaiotnionshN‘o,ansu
the
thatiLegislature.f to them,
th e c il
powerlAre is haveto resolvedexoreiso toan
autho-
rity in the Church of Christ, we cannot continue to
take its gifts, if they impose upon us conditions which
are unlawful and contrary to Christ's authority, as
King and Head of his Church. Our path is open :
all considerations of a worldly kind we have resolved
to disregard, and, no longer receiving the advantages
of our State connexion, to put ourselves upon the
providence of God.
Dr. CANDLISII, after adverting at some length
to the proceedings of the Convocation, thus proceeded,
Never, my Christian friends, never were the ministers
and elders of the Church in less danger of becoming
Voluntaries than at this moment. What is the ground
on which they have resolved to make a pause—to offer
a solemn appeal to the supreme power of the State—
to ask what are the conditions and terms of Establish-
ment? What is the ground but the fullest and frankest
acknowledgment of the jurisdiction of the Civil
Magistrate with respect to the Church, and hi 3 duty
to establish the Church on right principles and Scrip-
tural terms. On the other hand, we are accused of
assuming a Popish supremacy. We have now de-
clared that, let who will vindicate the Constitution, it
is not the province of the Church to do so. We have
also declared, if these decisions are allowed to stand—
are sanctioned by the Legislature—after using all the
legitimate means of remonstrance at our disposal, we
shall still say that the Constitution is violated—that
the Treaty of Union is not observed—that the Act
of Security is broken. But we say, after we have
exhausted all our legitimate resources of remonstrance
and expostulation, it is not the business of the Church
to vindicate the Constitution farther. If the Treaty
of Union be broken, that is an affair for the nation of
Scotland, not for the Church; if the Constitution is
violated, that is an affair for the people_ of Great
Britain, but not for the Church of Christ. With a
private individual or ordinary corporation, a de-
cision of the Civil Courts would be final ; but the
Church of Scotland is neither ; and she is en-
titled not to regafd the interpretation of such

Courts as the final mind of the State. She
is entitled to go to the Legislature and say
this surely - is not your mind—it is not the
- mind of your fathers--certainly it is 'not the
- mind of our fathers ; but, at all events, it is not the
mind of God—not the mind of Christ. Yon are
, bound to glorify Christ; now we come and testify to
you that if you insist on this unlawful condition, you
are not honouring Christ—you are establishing his
Church but on terms which he forbids and disowns.
But still, while we thus appeal to treaties, to the
Constitution, above all, to the Word of God, which
the Civil Magistrate is bound to take as the rule of
duty as much as we, if, after all, the Legislature
should substantially say whatever be your ideas of the
Constitution, of the Treaty of Union, of the interpre-
tation of the Word of the living God, we think these
are the only terms on which the State can endow the
Church—we think such the will of God—we the
Church then say we have exhausted our legitimate
weapons. Our weapons are those of argument—per-
suasion, expostulation, appeals to the conscience of
the State—for the State has its responsibility as well
as the Church. Having done this we have nothilig
more to do. We cannot take up arms ; for we have
not the sword. We cannot refuse obedience, for
we are bound to honour the King. We can
simply say, that as you, the State, refuse to
honour Christ by establishing his Church as
free as he wills, we, the Church, will not dis-
honOur Christ by renouncing that freedom where-
with he bath made us free, but neither will we dis-
obey God by disowning your authority. It is no
light matter for us to take up a position on which
we must peril our own continuance in the enjoy..
ment of the advantages which the State affords. But
we have been forced into that position. There may
be many trials awaiting us. There a.-e, no doubt,
influences at work in the Church to put men's prin-
ciples and sincerity to the test. No doubt the pro-
bable, though not indeed the immediate vacancies in
churches and parishes which we now fill -may be
turned to account for the purpose of tempting some
to let go their integrity. Such is the infatua-
tion in certain classes of the community just now—
such the infatuation of some who should be instructed
better, that they think it a great point to gain a vic-
tory, not by means of reason, but by tempting men's
consciences. There is a sad warfare going on at this
moment against the consciences of mankind—against
the consciences of ministers—attempts not made to
argue them out of their opinions, but to lead them
astray by holding out inducements to yield. Such
victories will recoil on him who has gained them; and
even, with respect to the objects of these attempts, the
victories gained over them must first have the effect
of making them untrue to God, and next of making
them untrue to their fellow-men. To the members of
the Church of Christ I would say the question now
raised with respect to the Church of Scotland is a
question which admits of no neutrality. When Christ's
crown is in peril, whether as King of his Church or
as King of Kings, no man can stand neutral. The
last battle is about to be waged. We are entering on
our last conflict. The Church of Scotland is called on
in these days not only to take up the testimony of our
fathers but to complete it. She has not merely re-
sumed the standard which they resigned only with
their blood, but she has resumed it with a fuller motto
than ever they had. They contended for Christ's
crown and covenant, and their contest for Christ's
crown was chiefly for Christ's right to reign in his own
house. We are contending for that, but also for some-
thing more—for Christ's right to reign over the Civil
Magistrate himself. Men now say there is peace.
Now, it would appear there is a season of forbear-
ance and respit6. There is a respite also for the
Church of our fathers. Now is the waiting time—not
a time for inactivity; but God would have us wait to
see his will. hitherto he has led us by a way we
knew not; but if we wait and pray and labour, we
know that whoever shall forsake all and follow Christ
will have a better portion even in this world and in
the world to come life everlasting.
When the Rev. Doctor had concluded, a benediction
was pronounced and the meeting separated.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC jOUIENALS.

FROM TUE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
GLOBE.—Except by setting up false claims to
the credit of having prosecuted the wars in China and
Affghanistan to a successful termination, thus endea-
vouring to build up a credit for wise policy on the
character and conduct of the Whig) Government, the
Tories—for men recently invested :with office, and its
usual sources of satisfaction—are the most discon-
tented of any party in such circumstances of which
history supplies an example. It is true, when the
Tower guns were fired last week in honour of the
gratifying success which has attended the British
arms in China and India, the journals of the party
exclaimed, " That's our thunder !" But the dis-
honesty and folly of the assumption were too palpable
to obtain a momentary regard—except, indeed, a
laugh at the impudence or ignorance in which the
false claim originated. With this exception, the looks
of the Tories are pitiably lugubrious ; and their lucu-
brations are as dismal as their looks. NoConserva-
tive Festivals have been held to celebrate theirtriumph,
and to afford the members an opportunity of congratu-
lating their supporters on the results in Parliament of
their hustings victories. Agricultural dinners have
been either scenes of positive strife and mutual up-
braidings ; or, at the best, the members could only en-
deavour to console the disappointed farmers with
" hopes that things will turn out better than they
fear, though they certainly do look very gloomy."
The wages ' of the farm labourers must be re-
duced, and fewer hands be employed on the land,"
say some; "" The landlords must come down in
their rents, to meet the depression in prices," exclaim
others ; while fearful prognostications of the 'coming
events are heard at every fair and market. And yet
the Tories have got Peel. They gave him a good
thumping majority, too, that he might be able to ac-
complish their wishes; preserve the Corn and Provision-
laws from invasion ; and also please the highflyers of
the Church by adopting their plans for increasing
its power and extending its influence; multiplying
churches and clergymen at the national expense ; and
divers other collateral and subordinate means of giving
monopoly additional strength, and inspiring bigotry
with increased energies. We need not look far for
the causes of this open dissatisfaction with their posi-
tion. Peel, in whom they trusted, has played them
false. In every particular which immediately con-
cerned the cherished interests of those who placed
him in office, lie has disappointed their expectations.
If he has not violated express pledges, he has destroyed
hopes—whether justified or not, is not the question.
They hoped for, and expected from Sir R. Peel a far
different policy from that he has pursued. They assert
that their interests are attacked by the Government
which they gave office, that it might defend them
against others. " Peel and Perfidy " are regarded,
by a large majority of the Tories out of doors, as
synonymous terms ; and many of the county Mem-
bers within the House of Commons are prepared to
give effect to the opinions of their constituents; and
renounce the leadership of a Minister whO has re-
quired from them a practical abandonment of the
professions and pledges by which they obtained their
seats in that assembly.
STANDARD.--The Governor-General has issued
a proclamation announcing the early retirement of
the British army from the Affghan territory, and
giving in clear and satisfactory propositions the rea-
sons for that policy. We believe that every one in
this country was prepared for the course which
Lord Ellenborough has adopted ; but if any
can doubt of its wisdom, the reasoning
of the proclamation must remove their doubts.
The invasion of the Affghan territory was under-
taken for the purpose of placing on the throne
a Prince believed to be popular with the majority of
the Affghan nation (if a congeries of reciprocally in-
dependent and often hostile tribes can be called a
nation), and also believed to be favourably disposed
to the British empire. Both hypotheses proved
to be fallacious. The Prince's unpopularity
was demonstrated by his deposition ; his want
of fidelity .to British interests was no less
clearly shown by his conduct and the conduct of
his farnily; and, at all events, any engagements
made with him were dissolved by his death. The
purpose of the invasion having thus wholly failed,
and failed because it was undertaken upon fallacious
grounds, nothing, under ordinary circumstances,
would have remained but a retreat from the scene
of so great a blunder. But this timely retreat was
not resorted to by the wretched British Government
of the time, and worse blunders, attended by the
most deplorable consequences, ensued—to borrow
the words of the proclamation, " Disasters unpa-
ralleled in their extent, unless by the errors in
which they originated, and the treachery. by
which they were completed." These disasters, dis-
graceffil as all military disasters are, rendered it im-
possible for Britain to lay down her arms until the
disgrace was effaced:by victory, and until the perfidy
of which her gallant soldiers were the victims had
been avenged, Both have been gloriously achieved
—the whole of the Affghan territory has been

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
CHRONICLE.—Good wages, with cheapness and
abundance of the necessaries of life, are the poor
man's right, and they cannot be longer refused. The
tariff has done something to give cheaper beef and
mutton, and the duties on corn, tea, and sugar must
now be placed under the practical influence of the
principles of free trade. If tea and silk were im-
ported largely from China, and exchanged against
British manufactures, the demand for labour would
be proportionally increased and wages would advance;
but if. the price of corn were to be advanced in the
same ratio the operatives would be little better than
they were before. To give the country the real bene-
fits of peace with China, the barriers that a fluctua-
ting duty presents against the free importation of
corn must be destroyed: England will set a glorious
example by acting on the broadest basis of liberality
to other nations as regards intercourse with China ;
knowing well that, by enriching, others, she will
enable them to buy her produce, and so eventually
enrich herself. If France and the Germans partici-
pate with us in the China trade, the merchants of
these countries will be better able to buy our manu-
factured goods. They will discover, too, that our
merchants can undersell them all in the China waters,
and hence they will find from experience that their
best policy is to knock down the barriers they have
raised against English goods, and that free barter I s
the only tenable basis to advance the common inte-
rests of European civilization.
The gross amount of our exports of British and
Irish produce and manufactures to China in 1834 was
of the value of only 842,852/. ; in 1835 it was of the
value of 1,074.708/. ; in 1836 it amounted to 1,326,3881.;
in 1837 to only 678,3751.; and in 1838 to 1,204,3561.
In 1839 our trade was stopped, and we cannot, there-
fore, for the purposes of calculation, make any quota-
tions beyond 1838. It is proper to draw attention to
the above facts to point out the expediency of prudence
in making shipments of goods to the China market.
It will be seen from our Trade Report that great ac-
tivity already exists in the cotton market, and a gene-
ral demand is, indeed, experienced for all descriptions
of low-priced goods. So far good, and this happy
change is justified by the change of circumstances
which the country now enjoys; but to make the tran-
sition really permanent, and such as shall bring back
sound and lasting prosperity to our trade and manu-
factures, it is essentially necessary not to overdo the
thing at first. If the five 'markets at the ports of
China are glutted with a general assortment of Bri•.
tish goods, before the wants of the Chinese are ascer-
tained, great losses will be sustained ; and we shall
have a rapid rise of prices to be followed with an
equally rapid decline. Our merchants and manufac-
turers should learn wisdom from experience.
TIMES.—It is remarked by men of business,
whose practical knowledge of the movements of trade
entitles them to credit, that a sensible change has al-
ready taken place in the appearance of mercantile af-
fairs. The revived activity
.of the cotton markets,
both here and at Liverpool, strengthens the assertion,
while the increase that has occurred in the value of
the staple, to the extent, on the average, of about
.0. to id. per pound, with the more cheering ac-
counts received from the chief of the towns of Lan-
cashire and the north of England, is also a test of the
stimulus likely to be given to our manufacturing in-
dustry now peace is concluded with China. Simul-
taneous with the improvement noticed in cotton,
the leading drysaltery articles used in manufactures
have also advanced, and the prices current show
a considerable profit in purchases made within
the last week or so. But it is not only in this
description of merchandise that sminity 13
but also in others of general consump-
tion, which having of late ruled at low prices in
consequence of the great depression of trade, are
recovering a position by the better spirit evident in
the commercial circlei, and the increased desire of the
merchants to do business. Hardly sufficient time
has yet elapsed to allow of the more favourable state
of things influencing the Money Market, and hence
the discount brokers still complam of the large amount
of cash they have at their disposal unemployed.
When, however, the full force of enterprise is en-
couraged by the extended operations of the merchant
and shipowner, it is sure to be followed by an ab-
sorption of capital which will of course have the ef-
fect of raising its rate to borrowers. Among the
shipping interest, it is stated that vessels are being
taken up for a new trade to be opened with the seve-
ral Chinese ports ; and this to a certain extent is
borne out by the public announcements which in ii-
cate that parties are already in the field to monopo-
lise, if possible, the chalices of lucrative enrolments.
Under all the circumstances, the mercantile classes
are regarding with much interest the reaction notice-
able in the condition of trade, which, till within the
last week, promised nothing very satisfactory. No
wonder, therefore, can be expressed at the sanguine
expectations caused by the bustle now apparent on
the chief business walks.

VISIT OF THE ARCHDUKE OF
AUSTRIA TO THE MODEL PRISON AT
PENTONVILLE.
The Archduke of Austria, attended by captain
Fitzroy, Baron Lebzeltern, and others of his suite,
visited this prison on Friday last. The visit is of
some public interest, as it elicited many facts relative
to the prison arrangements that have not yet tran-
spired.
His Royal Highness was received by the governor,
Mr. Hoskins, and attended by him and the secretary,
Mr. Weare, during his inspection of the prison.
His Royal Highness having been shown the model
of the prison, and had it minutely explained to him,
visited the cells, about which he was very minute in
his inquiries. He particularly questioned the go-
vernor as to the ventilation, the bedding, and the
clothing of the prisoners, the questions very probably
being suggested by the brick roof and walls and the
stone flooring of the cells. He was answered that
the cells would be so ventilated in the winter that the
thermometer would never be lower than from 50 to
55 ; that each prisoner would have three blankets as
well as sheets, and that he would sleep on a horse-
hair mattress (in a hammock, as described in the pre-
ceding article) of 311bs. weight. The dress, he was
told, is to be plain grey, having a small badge on the
breast; marked P. P. One of the mattresses was un-
rolled, and a hammock slung while his Royal High-
ness was in the cell. His Royal Highness was pa!-
ticularly struck with the peculiarity of what is tt•fined
.
the " tell-tale " attached to the cell--';a
number of the cell which flies out, f:;•om the the
ex-
ternal wall upon the prisoner turnitT, an iron handle
and striking a bell, to apprise tte warder that his at-
tendance is required. it ':, as shown to him that the
number when it has st::eung out from the wall cannot
be returned to its former position by the prisoner,
who is thus ';,revented from annoying the warders by
false 0.1.-arms. The Artesian well of the prison was
wilt visited, and his Royal Highness paid much atten-
tion and expressed his admiration of the manner in
which the water is pumped up to a cistern at the top
of the prison, and then supplied to a number of minor
cisterns, each cell in fact having a separate one. The
excellence of the contrivance is that the prisoner can-
not draw more than his six gallons of water, so that it
will be impossible for one to rob another of his duel
allowance of this necessary article. The • kitchen,l
with its steam-boilers, was then visited, and the mode
in which the food is to be conveyed to the prisoners
explained. His Royal Highness was afterwards con-
ducted to the chapel, and a row of pews or boxes
being filled by the subordinate officers, the manner
in which the prisoners are to be shut and bolted in
was shown.

It was explained to the Archduke that the prisoners
would go to chapel, receive secular instruction, and
be exercised in the yards daily; that they would be
taught trades, and that a prisoners' library was being
formed under the direction of the Rev. Mr. Ralph,
the chaplain of the prison. His Royal Highness in-
quired what trades would be taught? Ile was told
mat-making from the cocoa nut, carpentering, tailor-
ing, weaving, and also coopering, the latter being
deemed likely to be highly beneficial to the prisoner,
when removed from the prison to a colony?. It was
mentioned to his Royal Highness, as the understood
intention of Government, that the well-behaved pri-
soner will, after three or four years' imprisonment,
be sent to a colony for the remainder of his sentence,
and that he will be paid half his wages during the
completion of his term of punishment.
It is stated that the French Ambassador, on his visit
to the Model Prison about a fortnight since, with the
Countess and his suite, was so much interested in
the system, as to say that he should, by his next