The Sun.
London, England, 1845-11-29 00:00:00

£flirnngA'"Ant3

LONDON, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 29. 1845.

have a few corps of yeomanry cavalry, some div;sions of
old Chelsea pensioners, a body of police fully occupied
in preserving order in the capital, with occasional con-
stables in county districts not sufficient to guard life and
property; but we have no militia, no volunteers, no
military body, in fact, whatever, except the standing
army, that could at first make a stand against
disciplined troops and. save the country from some
great disgrace and calamity. The troops in Ireland
cannot be spared ; Canada and the other American pro-
vinces are not half garrisoned under existing circum-
stances ; and, for aught we know, the affairs of the
Punjaub may yet require agdional reinforcements. The
Minister, therefore, has no choice but to raise a strong
body or troops, capable to guard Great Britain and
Ireland, and dispense, if necessary, with the presence of
the whole of the standing army. He has plenty of
money ; the surplus caused by the ample proceeds of the
income and property-tax will furnish means for supply-
ing the necessary expenses ; and, should the in-
terests of the country, the maintenance of her inde-
pendence, and the assertion of her rights, require
more, the people of this country will neither be backward
nor stingy in such a cause. Let them only compare
the situation of England with that of our nearest neigh-
bour. In France there are a million of armed men, pro-
perly drilled and accustomed to the art of war, con-
stantly residing on the soil, and ready either to repel
aggressions or supply the place of the regular troops
when the interests or warlike policy of the Government
may require their services in other quarters. Besides
these, there is a standing army of 400,000 men, more than
four times the numbtr that England can muster for in-
finitely more multifarious duties than France can
be called upon to perform. To supply their place we
have no force whatever entitled to the name, and should
a war with America, or any other great power, break
out, the defence of the country must be left to raw
levies, without experience in the military art, without
discipline, and enervated by the repose of a long peace.
Besides, the militia regiments have ever been found the
best source of supply for the regular army, and during
the war the glory acquired by British arms was mainly
owing to their excellent training, their good character,
and not a little also to their physical strength. Com-
plaints, too, prevail, that the surplus population cannot
get employment, and that able-bodied farm labourers
are compelled to submit to the horrors of a workhouse.
Any condition is preferable to parish relief and parish
imprisonment, and if employment can be obtained in
such a legitimate and just cause as national
defence, and in the assertion of rights essential
to our existence as a people, Sir ROBERT PEEL will
fail in the most important of ministerial duties if he de-
lays for One session more the accomplishment of a mea-
sure so imperiously called for, and so ardently desired
by every one thoroughly acquainted with the utterly
defenceless state of these islands.

We have received Madrid journals of the 20th inst.,
which are occupied chiefly with details of the late royal
fac, and the grand ball given by General NAaYAEZ to
celebrate the event. The QUEEN, her sister, and the
QUEEN-MOTHER, were present. Her MAJESTY danced
first with NA_RVAEZ, and next with the French Ambas-
sador, and from all accounts the spectacle was very
superb. No general amnesty had been published, but
several persons confined for other than political crimes
had been set at liberty on the occasion. The disappoint-
ment caused by these circumstances was adverted to in
some of the journals, and in language which shows that
NARVAEZ still allows the press great latitude. We give
the following from the Clamor Publico as a specimen :
" Console yourselves, unfortuates, upon whom has fallen
the torment of usurpation, General Narvaez is a grandee of
Spain ! Console yourselves, unfortunates, who pine in dun-
geons, without even being made acquainted with the cause of
your arrest, General Narvaez is Duke of Valencia! Console
yourselves, prisoners and exiles of all classes, console your-
selves, you overburthened tax-payers, General Narvaez has
received a fine title, exempt from all taxes and obligations!
Is not this a national recompense to convey joy to the hearts
of the people at large? Where is the unfortunate who will
not find in this announcement a new and powerful source of
consolation ? It is thus that a handful of ambitious men
celebrate the fete of the Queen of Spain! Everything for a
dozen of intriguants—nothing for a suffering nation. Whilst
a laborious and active nation is wearing out in slow agony,
behold these decorated courtiers rolling through the streets
in gilded equipages, and wasting in a night of enjoyment
and pleasure what would give relief to an entire province!
Rejoice, ye people! Set up shouts of gladness; your country
is saved, for General Narvaez is Duke of Valencia and a
grandee of Spain !"

On the Bourse the Three per Cents. were done at 36
for 30 days. The Fives not quoted. Exchange on
London, 37k.

The accounts from Paris of the state of the stock and
share market are very gloomy. From the opening to
the close of the Bourse there was a continued fall in
the prices of railway shares, all offering to sell without
finding purchasers. The funds, too, were elected by
the panic. The Three per Cents. fell about 20c., and
the Fives 25c. Various causes are assigned—such as
reports of three or four more brokers being in a dan-
gerous position, the threatening aspect of affairs between
England and America, &c.; but when a panic once
commences it generally goes on for some time from
sheer ignorance and no real cause is required to give it
additional impulse. Several of the journals continue their
remarks on the Oregon question, and we are glad to find in
a somewhat less partial spirit. M.l'l:fleas's journal has a
long article on the subject, which only shows how little
the real state of parties here is known by the political
writers of Paris. That journal seems to infer that the
advent of the old Tories to power is at hand, and that
the nation would again submit to their rule, provided
England could be fairly embroiled with America on the
Oregon question. Nay, it even insinuates that the
remnants of a broken faction would encourage a bloody
war for party purposes, and that, for a time, they might
be successful. These days are gone by. "The retire-
ment of Sir ROBERT PEEL," says that journal, " under
present circumstances, would by no means surprise us.
The result cf such a step would be naturally to bring
back the pure Tories to power. Without setting up for
prophets, we find it difficult to imagine that this frac-
tion could have more chance of success at present than
seventeen years ago. The position of such a Ca•
binet, in face cf an Opposition considerably increased,
and of the Anti-Corn-law League—in presence of Ire•
land agitated by famine and stirred up by old hatred—
would not be easily tenable, and now, as before, the
ephemeral trial of the ultra-Tories would only servo to
precipitate the downfal of their doctrines. To prevent
either the triumph of the Opposition, which has , placed
itself so high in public opinion by the noble conduct
which it has manifested in the late struggles in Parlia-
ment, or the formation of a coalition Ministry, uniting
with a view to a reform judged necessary by all the
Liberals and moderate Tories, the ultra-Tory Cabinet
would have but one resource. It would recur to the
expedient so often employed by unpopular govern-
ments, or by ministers preferring power to the good of
their country—they could throw England into a great
war,
and the Oregon question, which becomes more en-
venomed every day, would furnish them an admirable op-
portunity. There are some persons in England, it is said,
who would net recoil from this extremity, and regard
without fear such a perspective. It cannot be dissem-
bled that the opportunity would be well chosen, and a
war with the United States would not be displeasing at
first view to the English nation. This may be supposed
from the wild applause which greeted Sir R. PEEL'S
words when, at the commencement of the year, he de-
clared that if the just rights of England were slighted,
he should know how to use force to make them re-
spected. The English pride was deeply wounded by
the result of the war of 1812, and by the manner in
which the United States, and the press of the continent,
spoke of the matter. Since that period, the upper
classes have always nourished the idea of recommencing
the struggle, and of giving, according to the popular
phrase in kEngland, a good lesson to Jonathan. The
national feeling would, on the occasion, come to the aid
of the Ministry. Besides, the self-love of England is
involved in the matter. Since this question of the Ore-
gon has been mooted England has always lost ground,
and each of her concessions has been immediately turned
against her. The United States now refuse the arrange-
ment which they themselves offered several times, and
which England had declined. England eight or ten
months back made a warlike demonstration. At pre-
sent the United States contest her rights altogether to
the Oregon, after having acknowledged these rights by
thirty years' negotiation. At present Mr. POLK an-
nounces his intention of persevering in a conduct which,
in the opinion of Sir ROBERT PEEL, was equivalent to a
declaration of war. It appears, therefore, difficult for
England to avoid a shameful humiliation, otherwise than
by having recourse to arms." It adds in another place :
" Will not the party of the ultra-Tories, supposing that
they should now arrive at power, be forced, in order to
retain it, to appeal to the popular passions, and will not
they prefer war to the ruin of the monopoly, which forms
the strength of the aristocracy ? Whoever may be the
men whom a modification in the Ministry may raise to
power, we think that, if the quarrel be not embittered
beyond measure by unwise and useless provocations on
the part of the American Government, they will look
twice before they have recourse to this dangerous expe-
dient." The conclusion is very lame, and only shows that
M. THIERS has formed no fixed opinion on the subject.
Late intelligence has been received from Algiers, which
gives rather a more favourable account of the state of the
revolted provinces. According to the Moniteur Algerein.,
the different reports from Constantina announes that
this province has remained an entire stranger to tho p,gi.

An Ipswich journal, some days since, announced that
contracts had been entered into with parties in that
quarter for the supply of uniforms for 40,000 militia.
We have known for some time that, in the neighbour-
hood of the metropolis, orders had been given and ac-
cepted for large quantities of military uniforms, though
without the buttons or any distinguishing mark by which
the use for which these equipments were intended could
be ascertained ; and we believe it is admitted in most
circles likely to be well informed, that the " militia
papers" have been in readiness for some months,
and that the embodiment of a strong corps of
militia Only awaits the sanction of the QUEEN
and Parliament. We rejoice to find such symp-
toms of activity, and steps taken for carrying, into
effect measures become absolutely necessary, not only
for the protection of these islands, but for putting our
numerous colonies in a proper state of defence, and
guarding our commercial interests in every part of the
globe. For such important purposes the strength of the
regular army is totally inadequate. With the exception
of the Indian troops, the whole military force
fit for
service amounts to little more than 80,000 men, and
with these England has to preserve order in Ireland,
maintain numerous detachments in manufacturing dis-
tricts, garrison some fifty or sixty colonies, and be
at the same time prepared to meet exigen-
cies whick the jealousy or aggressions of
her rivals may in a few months produce.
We believe it would be impossible to point out any other
great power, in any quarter of the world, where such a
preposterous system of policy is allowed to exist, or
where interests of such vast magnitude are left
unprotected state. The navy has hitherto been the
main salvation of the country ; it saved England from
the invasion contemplated by BONAPARTE, and would
save it again from any similar attempt ; but, when we
look to its dwindled state compared with what it was in
bygone days, the small number of seamen actually em-
ployed, and the time that would be required to equip
and man fleets suited to a great emergency, to-
gether with the totally defenceless state of the country,
it is impossible not to be struck with wonder and
astonishment at the long-continued apathy of different
Governments, and with fear for the destruction of life
and property by means which steam has now put into
the hands of those that might be the aggressors. We

TRE StN, LONDON`, SATUR DAV MORN]

tations tr3ich have taken place in the other subdivisions.
All the accounts concur in stating that there is no pros-
pect of an interruption of tranquillity. The Kabyles in
the environs of Gigelly are very calm, and it appears
probable that they will remain so.
The following curious piece of intelligence from Macao
appears in the Presse

" We receive from Macao a letter, dated Sept. 30, which
informs us of an almost incredible fact, but which our cor-
respondent assures us to be true. Since France has had a
consul at Canton, the French flag has always floated before
the European factories, on the same line as those of England,
Holland, and America. Formerly this flag was the only sign
that reminded the Chinese of there being in the west a grand
nation called France. Since the treaty concluded by M. de
Lagrene, it is a pledge of peace and alliance, the consecra-
tion of the rights which placed us on an equality with the
English and Americans. It was, therefore, most important
to maintain this emblem of French power. Well, scarcely
had our plenipotentiary quitted Canton, after the treaty
had been concluded, when M. Lefebvre de Becourt, head
of the consulate in that country, decided, of his own
authority, that the tri-coloured flag ought not any longer
to float on the Chinese territory. And for what reason?
Because the Government does not pay the rent of M. Le-
febvre at Canton, and, in consequence, because that gentle-
man, not having any residence in the factory called French,
would be obliged to hire for a hundred francs a-year the
ground in which the flag• staff was placed for half a century !
This conduct is the more shameful, inasmuch as the Consu-
late of Canton is one of the best paid of all, receiving not less
than 40,000 f. a-year. Out of that amount, M. Lefebvre de
Becourt could not find the paltry sum just named! In
truth, it is not to be believed ! And yet nothing is more
true. The English, the Americans, and the Chinese, have
been stupified at thus meanness of the French Consul, who, to
save a few piasters, judged fit to take down the official symbol
of his nation. Besides, this functionary, who ought from
his official position to reside at Canton, inhabits Macao,where
he is not recognised, and where he cannot render any service."

This convention is limited to the land frontiers of the
five classes, and comes into operation on the Ist of
December.

PESTENBURGII, Nov. 13.—1 n the night of the 11th of
November, after a north-east wind, which had blown
fir some days, the first drift ice appeared in the Newa,
and yesterday morning it came down in such quantities
that it was necessary to take up all moveable bridges.
Yesterday at noon, with a south-west wind, the channel
near Wassily Ostroro was nearly quite free, and the com-
munication by means of boats nowhere impeded. The
arm of the Newa flowing on the Wiburg side is full of
flakes of ice, and the Little Newa above the Tutschkow-
bridge was covered with ice in its whole breadth at eleven
o'clock. The steamer which left for Cronstadt on the
11th of November was obliged to put back on account
of the ice. Drifting ice was seen in Cronstadt Harbour
on the 3d November.—Borsenhalle, Nov. 22.

The German word tonne means both ton and barrel.

AMERICA.
LIVERPOOL, THURSDAY.

We subjoin some additional extracts from the papers:
" A Toulon letter announces the arrival there of Soliman
Pacha (Colonel Selves), Major-General of the Egyptian
army, on the 20th, from Genon, and his having taken apart-
ments for Ibrahim Pacha and his suite, expected to arrive
shortly in the steam-frigate Nile. Orders have been re-
ceived by the port and municipal authorities to pay the
Pacha all the honours due to his rank. The 3d Marines will
form a double line for him to pass from the landing-place
through the Arsenal, and the 19th of the line will pay him
the same respect through the town to his residence. The
Marquis de Lavalette, as Envoy from the Government, ar-
rived at Toulon from Paris on the 20th.
" A letter from Vienna of the 19th states that great pre-
parations were being made there fur the reception of the Em-
peror of Russia.

We have received, by the packet-ship Independence,
New York advises of tlye 7th instant inclu%ive, with ac-
counts from Canada one day later than those by the Great
Western. The former contains no news. The latter
contains the followine• bulletin relative to the health of
his Excellency the Governor-G, icral Lord Metcalfe :
" Monklands, Nov. 1, 1845.

" The malady of his Excellency the Governor-General
has for several days past assumed a more favourable ap-
pearance.
" His general health and spirits are improving.
" He has been able to take an airing in his carriage for
some hours daily.
" JAMES CRAWFORD, M.D.
" ROBERT L. M'DONN ELL, M.D."
We take the following commercial intelligence from
the Journal of commerce of the 7th instant:—
" The sales of cotton are 400 bales at yesterday's prices—
that is '4c. lb. off for the news.
" Flour is G dots. 121 c. free sellers, and a good many buyers
of Michigan and all Western ; wheat no sales ; rye ditto ;
3,400 southern yellow corn, weavily, sold at 70c. 561 b.; oats,
44c. for canal; barley, 56 to 58; a good lot brought the lat-
ter price.
"There have been several sales of flour at 6 dols, 121 c. ;
the receipts are very large. Further sales of northern corn
at 75c. buyers. The shipments of bread-stuffs for Europe are
on a very large scale.
" Western hops have brought 25c., to the extent of 75
bales.

" There is a demand for mess pork from Canada, 14 dots.
cash is the price; 200 barrels lard sold at 8 dols. 50c. to
56 dols. 100 Th.

The Austrian Government has just published an account
of its foreign trade for the year 1844, from which it appears
tbat the whole movement amounted to 223 millions of florins,
exclusive of the transit. The imports amount to 114 millions,
and the exports to 109. The transit amounts to 71 millions
of florins, and the duties levied to 18.
" A letter from Lucerne states that on the 21st Dr. Pfiffer
was set at liberty, and the seals taken oil' his papers without
any further proceedings."
The Threo per Cents. closed at 81f. 70e.; the Five
per Cents., 116 f. 75c.; the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,080 f.;
Rouen, 880 f.; Northern, 645 f.; llavre, 735 E ; Avignon,
797 f. 50c.; Vierzon, 605 f.; Bordeaux, 555 f. ; Boulogne,
49,51.; Troyes and Montereau, 440 f.; Basle, 213 f. 75c.;
Faitipoux, 450 f.
The following are quotations for new lints :
Paris and Lyons Railroad (Laffitte), if. prem.; ditto
(Calon), par; ditto (Ganneron), If.; ditto (Lapinson-
niere), 4991. 50c. • Paris and Strasburg (Ganneron), 21.;
ditto (Hinguerlot), par; ditto (Bechet), 499 f.; Aymard, lf. ;
Tours and Nantes (Mackenzie), par; ditto (Drouillard),
par; ditto (O'Neill), par; ditto (Lefevre), par; Lyons and
Avignon (Talabot), If.; ditto (Lecointe), par; ditto (Corn-
pagnie Meridionale), par; Bordeaux and Cette (Mackenzie),
par; ditto (Espeleta), 7f. 50c.; Creil and St. Quentin
(Kysaens), par; ditto (Carette), par; ditto (Colbert), par;
Charleroi (Kysaens) 490 f.
LYONS, Nov. 24.—Marseilles and Avignon, 99f. •, Paris
and Orleans, 1,138 f. 75e; Paris and Rouen, 947 E 50c. ;
Orleans and Vierzon, 655 f.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, Nov. 27.
Anglo-Belgian — Mauritius
Boulogne and Amiens.. 71/2 Namur and Liege 2
Bordeaux &Mediterran North Jamaica ...
Bordeaux and Toulouse Orleans and Vierzon
Do. Sr Cette (Espeleta) Orleans and Bordeaux 914
Do. ( Mackenzie's) .. Over Yssel
Callao, Lima, and Pa- Paris &Lyons (Laffitte) 2
cific Coast
Central of Spain — Ditto (Caloa's).... - 13/4
Ceylon .
Demerara
Dendre Valley ......
Dutch Rhenish ...
Dieppe & Paris Janet — (Ganneron's)
Dijon and Mulhouse ... Do. (Aymard's) l%
East Indian ....- ........ Do. (Compte de L'Est) I%
Fampoux & Hazebrouk Paris and St. Quentin.
Grt Northern of France Rouen and Havre...-. 27
Constituted lll Royal North of Spain.
Do. Pepin le Halleur — Sambre and Meuse .... 314
Great Paris and Lyons — Strasburg and Basle ...
Great Western Bengal Tournay,Jurbise, Lan-
Great Western :Canada 33/4 dent, and Hasselt...
Jamaica S. Mid. Junction Tours and Nantes
Do. North Midland — (Mackenzie's) —
Do. Extension
Jersey — Do. (O'Neill's) —
Louvain and Jemappe.. 1% Trinidad
Lyons and Avignon.... 1% jVerona and Ancona....
Luxembourg (West Flanders 3
Madrid and Valencia... I

" No change in ashes, whisky, or exchange.
" P.S. Evening.-800 bales of cotton have been sold to-
day at a to j_decline from prices before the news, all to
spinners."

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