The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-31 00:00:00

TILE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 31, 1842

'character of the Affghans, and the probable
cause of our expedition against Caubul, he
throws some light on the mysterious policy of
Lord AUCKLAND, which has hitherto had such
unfortunate results. The Affghans he describes
as a nation of freebooters and man-stealers, who
consider it a merit to conquer and rob every
country and every nation which is not Maho-
medan—to massacre the inhabitants in cold
blood, or forcibly convert them to the
Mahomedan religion, and afterwards sell them
as slaves. No treaty will be considered
binding on their part, unless we retain fortresses
and keep troops in the country sufficient to com-
pel them at all times to fulfil their engage-
ments. "In proof of these assertions," he adds,
"I need only refer, in the first place, to the re-
peated instances of attempts made by the ances-
tors of SHAH SOOJAH, DOST MAHOMED, and the
Affghan tribes, to invade India, within the last
century, and the awful devastation and desola-
tion which they committed on the peaceable and
unoffending Hindoos on the east banks of the
Indus, and to a considerable extent in the in-
terior of Hindostan. Secondly. to the repeated
breaches of faith which one head chief of their
own tribes committed towards that of another,
accompanied with the most savage cruelties.
Thirdly, to the perfidious murder of Colonel
BURNS and our Envoy, and the breaches of faith
and awful cruelties exercised by the present
generation of Affghans on our helpless forces,
in their late return from Caubul towards India,
under treaty of safe conduct." He attributes
their late daring and treacherous conduct to
their contempt for the Hindoos, acquired in
their repeated and successful invasions of India,
and adduces this as a reason why Indian-
born troops do not strike that terror into
the Affghans which an army of less than
one quarter of the number would do,
consisting of strong and hardy British troops.
In place, therefore, of keeping up such a large
Indian force, he proposes that .troops should be
conveyed direct from England to the mouth of
the Indus, and thence, by steam-boats, up that
river to Kalabagh, a distance of 1,.100 miles.
We like the spirit of the following extract, which
forms such a contrast to the reported policy of
Lord ELLENBOROUGH, and the advice of those
timid Englishmen who, like cowards, %lould put
up with the most atrocious indignities ever in-
flicted by barbarians, strengthen the hands of
our enemies in that quarter, and cause the ut-
most indignation, not only in the British army,
but among the vast Indian population under
British sway. Here is the advice of a true British
sailor:—

It appears imperative on us to read the Affghans
such a lesson as never will be forgotten, and to settle
the matter at once and for ever, as regards our power
to hold such control over them as Government may
deem fit, for the ultimate security of Britain. After
completely subduing the different tribes in Affghan-
istan, if a few of the naturally strong points and for-
tifications were held by us permanently, and garri-
soned by European troops (at least in the more ele-
vated part of the country), and these troops were able
to act at all seasons of the year, it would tend much
to the restraint of the Affghan population. The en-
terprise of the British merchants, under such arrange-
ment and protection, will pioneer the way for the
introduction of civil and religious liberty, which at
present is making rapid progress in our East India,
possessions. Nothing but our occupying the strong-
holds—the Gibraltars and Maltas of Affghanistan—
and making them equally formidable, will convince
the Affghans that it is utterly out of their power
successfully to oppose us, even were they assisted by
any other Power or Powers whatever.
Mr. WISE concludes his remarks on this subject
in these words, in which we fully concur, only re-
gretting that the Great Duke was so unfortu-
nate in his choice of a Governor-General :
It is fortunate for this country that the life of his
Grace, the Duke of Wellington, has been spared, till
the occasion has arisen for taking decisive steps in
these momentous questions.
Of the dispute with China he takes the same
judicious and practical view ; and on considering
the question in all its bearings, he anticipates that
the war, if conducted with energy, will ulti-
mately produce a solid peace, highly beneficial
to Great Britain, to British India, and to China
itself. As we have frequently contended, one
great object should ever be kept in view in ,
the settlement of our disputes with China,
namely—the opening of commercial relations
with that country, and thereby affording employ-
ment to our cotton, woollen, and hardware ma-
nufacturers. The trade to China is capable of
great extension, and if we can succeed in open-
ing up a more free intercourse with the north-
eastern parts of the empire, the manufactured
woollens and cottons of Yorkshire and
Lancashire could be sold there, to pay a fair
profit, at a price one-third less than the Chinese
can produce such articles. We should thus
secure the clothing of many millions of people,
give new life to the mercantile navy, and carry
on a trade with the vast regions and islands in
the East, which would greatly counterbalance the
injury done by the six new tariffs. For this purpose
Mr. WISE proposes that a few free depots should
be established along the sea coast, on the pio-
montories of the mainland, and more espe-
cially on the banks of the great artery of
China, the river Yangtse Kiang, on the prin-
ciple adopted at Singapore, which would
certainly extend our general trade with
China, as the settlement at that place has
extended our trade in the Malay Archipelago.
We may here remark, that the author ac-

quits the English of all blame in the opium
affair, and believes the Tartar rulers had made
up their minds to break with us, having
chosen the opium question for that purpose.
The accounts which he gives of the sea coast of
Mantchoo Tartary, of the Peiho river, of Yangtse
Kiang, which traverses the heart of the empire
for more than two thousand miles, of the country
around Pekin, and of almost every gulf, promon-
tory and island along the extensive coast, pos-
sess great interest; and we, therefore, cordially
recommend the little work to the attention of
our readers. We have room for only one extract
more, but it is rather an important one, as it con:
tains a plan for bringing the dispute to a satisfac-
tory conclusion.

I presume (says Mr. Wise), in conclusion, the only
course left us, as holding out any reasonable hope
of obtaining a satisfactory settlement, and a solid and
lasting peace, is to prosecute the war with the most de-
termined vigour, by sending to China, from England,
a naval and military force of healthy, strong, fresh
Englishmen, fit and powerful enough to act at all
seasons, in any, part of China, (the Indian-born
forces will do very well in South China,
but north China is too cold for them), to se-
lect and take possession of such a number of points
on the coasts, islands, and rivers of China, as
will give us the command of the mouths of all the
great rivers of China; of all the islands on the coast;
of the traffic on the imperial canal and Yangtse
Kiang river, and of the principal sea-coast cities,
such points being selected as we can securely and
permanently hold, mainly by a sea force, against all
and any enemy whatever, from any country;—after
which to proceed to Pekin, and tender the Emperor a
treaty of peace, by which he is to make reparation
for the national insults inflicted upon us at Canton,
by ceding to us in perpetuity, such islands, ports, and
places, as we may have selected and captured, to-
gether with territory which shall produce such a re-
venue as we may judge will support a naval and mi-
litary force large enough to protect ourselves, and en-
force the fulfilment of the treaty (for the Chinese will
break it if we leave them the power) ; by conceding to
us a residence for a British ambassador at the

Court of Pekin (Russia has a representative there) ;
a treaty of commerce, defining clearly the duties to
be levied in China on imports and exports ;—a disso-
lution and extinction of the Co-hong ;—a full open-
ing to us of certain points in China (beyond those
ceded to us), for the purposes of trade and commerce;
by which treaty we are to be indemnified for the ex-
penses of the war, and the cost of the opium destroyed,
in cash down at once.

The agitation of the Corn-law question has re-
commenced, and we are happy to add, under
favourable auspices. The first great meeting of
the Anti-Corn-law League , since the close of the
session, took place on Thursday last, at Man-
chester; and it was " one of the largest and most
enthusiastic "—says the Report, which will be
found in another part of The Sun—" that has
assembled in that town since the renewal of the
agitation." Many of th a leading men in the
neighbourhood attended; rind among the speakers
were Dr BOWRINO, and 7 gessrs. THOMPSON and
WALKEN, the latter of whom—and he is a wit-
ness whose evidence is t unimpeachable--bore the

following direct personal testimony to the pre-
! sent state of the commercial districts :—" The
capital of our merchants and manufacturers is
daily diminishing, the people are half-fed and
half-employed,lthe poor-rates in our manufactur-
ing towns have increased three or four fold, our
workhouses are crowded with inmates, the sav-
ings of the frugal and industrious are exhausted
to supply the pressing wants of the day. The
polished furniture of our artisans is exchanged
for food, or distrained for rent to their landlords,
their decent Sunday clothing is in the pawn-
shops, our shopkeepers behind their counters are
wanting customers—in short, we have nearly a
destruction of the social system." Here is a pic-
ture drawn, not from fancy, but from life—not
by some ambitious orator anxious to create a
sensation by means of eloquent and flighty ex-
aggerations, but by a sedate, observant, prac-
tical-minded man, of long experience, of high
character, who hazards no assertions but such as
he can support by irrefragable testimony, and
whose sole object in hazarding them is to serve
the cause of truth and justice. The statements
of such a man are entitled to every attention,
and though the Monopolists may discredit and
ridicule them, they will sink deep into the hearts
of all reflecting and unbiassed individuals, who
will scarcely fail to read in them the virtual
condemnation of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S temporizing
policy. The Right Hon. Gentleman has now
been nearly two years in office; he has paralysed
opposition, and exercised an almost undisputed
sway over the House of Commons ; he has had
the advantage—no slight one—of the un-
popularity of his predecessors; the utmost
forbearance has been shown him by the people,
who, howeversolicitous forprompt, decided, reme-
dial measures, have allowed him abundant time to
conceive,and mature his schemes
f good;—and what is the result ?---
orthepubl ic digest,go g
Why this, that the commerce of the country is
in pretty nearly as rickety a condition as it was in
when the Right. Hon. Baronet first took office !
We do not mean to deny that he has made more
than one move in the right direction—still less
that he is really desirous of doing his best for the
people; but what we complain of is, that his
measures have not been of a sufficiently decided or
far-sighted character. They have unsettled many
interests, but settled none. They have produced
embarassment—confusion— distrust—apprehen-
sion—among large masses of the community,
and alarmed the Monopolists, without affording
due satisfaction to the advocates of free trade.
Dr. BOWRING bore personal testimony to the
annoyance they have occasioned the agri-
culturists, observing—" Travelling in that part
of England in which I was born, I mingled a
good deal with the rustic population; and I
found, from the first to the last among them, no-
thing but the heaviest vituperations directed
against the Premier. The language they held
was, ' Drat him, he's worser than Lord JOHN
Lord JOHN only touched the corn, but he has
touched the bullocks. He's worser than Lord
JOHN, and sorry we are that we ever brought
him into power.' " Such, according to Dr.
BOWRING, is the language of the agricul-
turists. Is that of the free traders more
favourable to the Right Hon. Baronet? Cer-
tainly not, but, if possible, still more hostile. We
readily admit that the Premier has a difficult
game to play, but that is no reason why he should
play it in a feeble, vacillating manner,
and content himself with making half-
moves, when vigorous whole-moves best
suit the exigency of the case. Do what
he will—halt, hesitate, temporise as he
may—Sir ROBERT PEEL will never regain
the lost confidence of the Monopolists. If not
his open, they are his concealed enemies, to a
man ; he had better therefore set them adrift,
and bid them do their worst, and devote his un-
divided energies to promote the cause of free
trade.

The accounts from Madrid are of the 20th
instant. The Committee appointed to prepare a
law on the liberty of the Press had held frequent
meetings, and was believed to have nearly com-
pleted its task. The REGENT was anxious that
the Bill should be presented to the Cortes at the
opening of the session.
It was reported that General VAN HALEN had
tendered his resignation of the post of Captain-
General of Catalonia, but that the Government
had refused to accept it. The Minister of Fi-
nance, in the mean time, was making great
exertions to procure and forward some supplies
to the General.

Two soldiers were shot, for robbery, on the
morning of the 20th.
The Three per Cents. were done at 20i for
cash, and 21} at sixty days; and the Five per
Cents. at 261 for cash, and 26 13-16 at sixty days
The whole of the transactions on that day did not
exceed 6,296,000 reals.

The Paris papers are chiefly occupied with
comments on Lord ABERDEEN'S letter, and re-
plies to a Morning Contemporary abusing the
French press. " The private organ of Lord
PALMERSTON," says the Debats, " makes it the
text of a declamation which exceeds the bounds
of propriety, of bad taste, and of ill manners.
The French journals, which every day accuse the
Ministers of allowing themselves to be led by the
English Government, who denominate M.GuizoT
the Minister of the Foreigner, and who reproach
him with humiliating the honour and dignity of
France before the exigencies of England, would
be much astonished if it were proved to them
that it is, on the contrary, the English Govern-
ment which is led by the French Ministers, and
that it is Lord ABERDEEN who is the Minister of

the Foreigner, and who sacrifices the honour and
the interests of his country to the exigencies of
France. This, however, is the proposition which
the English journalist has undertaken to prove; and
we must do him the justice to acknowledge that he
proves it with the same success with which the
French journals prove the contrary, and which
would render difficult the task of setting them of
accord it' we were inclined to undertake it. Be•

yond, at this side of the Chaanel, the logic is the
same. In France, M.THIERS' journals asserted

hat' Lord ABERDEEN'S note was a concession

that ought to be mistrusted—it conceals a snare.
He extends his hand to us, in order the more
easily to upset us, and gives us a trifling satisfac-
tion, i❑ order to induce us to accept the treaty of

1840.' In England Lord PALMERSTON'S journals
say, This concession is the prelude to many
others, it is a pilot balloon, it is intended to pre-
pare public opinion for the abolition of the trea-
ties of 1831 and 1833.' Arrange this mode of ar-
gument as you may, and endeavour to explain it.
The only explanation you can give is, that the
spirit of party is the same in all countries, and
that it is copied and repeated with an irre-
mediable poverty of invention. It is not our
affair to defend the French journals against the
asperities of which they are the object, but we
must nevertheless, for the honour of the Press,
express our regret that a journal which holds the
first rank amongst its party should be so forget-
ful of all the proprieties of language."
The Constitutionnel is of opinion that Lord
ABERDEEN'S letter is honourable to the English
Government, and it strongly urges the French
Cabinet to take advantage of its admissions to
procure the abrogation of the treaties of 1831 and
1833.

It was generally rumoured in Paris that the
French Government would not renew the li-
censes for the right of search, which expire in
1843. Admiral DUPERRE, the Minister of Ma-
rine, was in possession of such reports, it is
stated, as convinced him of the danger of a col_
lision between French and English naval officers,
if the licenses be renewed. " It must be ad-
mitted," adds our informant, " that in diplo-
matic circles a growing feeling is evinced of the
impolicy of continuing to persist in the strict exe-
cution of the treaties conceding the reciprocal
right of search, in the present excited state of
public feeling in France. It would be better, it
is argued, to allow the treaties to slumber until
a reaction takes place in France, and the people
become convinced that it is a philanthropical and
not a political motive which has induced foreign
powers to grant mutually a right of search of ves-
sels suspected to be engaged in the slave trade."
The Scientific Committee of Algeria had ter-

minuted its labours. M. ENFANTINE, former
father of the Sectarians of St. Simon, who was
charged with drawing up the report of their
proceedings, had submitted it to the President of
the Council.

The inclemency of the season having impeded
the progress of. General BUGEAUD'S operations,
the troops who composed the expedition re-
turned to Algiers on the 17th. The country
which it had traversed was described as fertile,
well cultivated, and inhabited by numerous
tribes of Arabs, settled in small and well-built
villages.

The Frankfort Journal of Tuesday last, re-
ceived with the other latest German papers via
Paris, announces, in Semlin letters of the 13th,
that a courier from Constantinople had .arrived
in Belgrade, bringing intelligence that the Porte
had recognised the provisional Government of
Servia, and confirmed the election of Prince
CZERNY GEORGES. The firman of the investiture
had been submitted to the SULTAN for the Impe-
rial seal, and was to be conveyed to Belgrade by
a Commissary of the Porte, charged with the
installation of the new ruler.
BOURSE—PARIS, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 27.
First Highest Lowest Last
Pr. Price. Price. Price.
French Five per Cents. 118 ice 50... 118 50... 118 30... 118 40
Four per Cents 101 25... 101 .. 101 25... 101 25
3 per Cents 79 95... 79 95... 79 85. 79 85
Bank of France 3270 —.3270 ...3265 .... 3265
Laffitte Bank I,ooof 1060 ..1060 ...1060 ...1060
5,000 f 5075 —.5075 ...5075 ...5075
Belgian Fives.
1840 lO4/ ... 104 a ... 104 ... 104
Spanish Active .. 221 ... 22A ... 22* ... 22
Portuguese Fives 324 ... 321 ... 321 ... 321
Neapolitan... lOB 30... 108 30... 108 30... 108 30
Roman
RAILWAY SHARES.
Versailles, R.B ...... 265 ... 265 ... 265 ... 265
L.B 95 ... 97 50... 95 ... 97 50
Rouen
Orleans. 585 ... 585 ... 580 ... 580
Strasburg to Bale 207 50... 207 50... 206 25... 206 25

VISCOUNT MELucitritik.-I'Vre feel great pleasure in
being enabled to announce that the accounts received
from Brocket Hall are very satisfactory, a bulletin
was exhibited on Saturday morning► at the residence
of the Noble Viscount, of which the following is' a
copy :—" Lord Melbourne has had a good night, and
is better to-day.—Brocket Hall, Oct. 29, 1842."

A Privy Council will meet on Wednesday next, at
Windsor, at which the whole of the Cabindt Minis-
ters will attend.
MEETING OF PARLIAMENT.---We hear, from a quar-
ter likely to be well informed, that the state of the
country, and the probability of the existing distress
increasing as the winter advances, has occasioned Sir
James Graham to urge upon Sir Robert Peel the as-
sembling of Parliament before Christmas. The re-
luctance of the Premier to adopt this precautionary
course is supposed to arise from the natural disincli-
nation he is likely to feel to meeting Parliament with
the formidable defalcation in the revenue disclosed by
the late official returns ; while the Home Secretary
is naturally anxious to be relieved in some degree from
the responsibility which rests on him to take measures
for the preservation of the public peace. The Cabinet
Council, which is summoned to meet on Tuesday, will
detarmine the period at which Parliament shall assem-
ble for the dispatch of business.
We hear from good authority that her Majesty's
consent to the alliance of her Royal cousin, the Princess
Augusta of Cambridge, with the Hereditary Prince
of Mecklenburg Strelitz, will be formally given at
the Privy Council, to be held next week at Windsor
Castle, and that the ceremony will take place as soon
as the various preliminaries can be arranged.
VISIT OF THE COURT TO BRIGHTON.—Mr. Saun-
ders, the Inspector of Palaces, left Windsor on Friday
morning for Brighton, for the purpose of making the
necessary arrangements at the Pavilion for the recep-
tion of the Court. It is expected that the Queen and
his Royal Highness Prince Albert will leave Windsor
about the Bth of November, and remain at Brighton
for about three weeks or a month. Their Royal
Highnesses the Prince of Wales and the Princess
Royal will accompany their Illustrious parents. It
was at one time expected that the Queen would have
abandoned the intention of proceeding to Brighton, in
consequence of a report reaching her Majesty that a
dangerous fever had manifested itself in some parts of
the town ; but all danger upon that ground having
been stated to have subsided, Brighton will again be
honoured during this year with the presence of the
Court.

It is rumoured in legal circles that, in consequence
of the declining state of his health, the veteran Lord
Lyndhurst will shortly retire from the woolsack,
which his brilliant talents have so pre-eminently
adorned, and that he will be succeeded pro tern. by
Lord Abinger, now Lord Chief Baron, who will
shortly afterwards retire in favour of Sir William
Follett. These changes will involve the elevation of
the present Attorney-General to the dignity of Chief
Baron, and, in all probability the promotion of Mr.
Fitzroy Kelly and Mr. Cresswell Creswell.—Morning
Paper.
ADULT DEAF AND DUMB SOCIETY. Saturday
evening a meeting of the subscribers and others of
the above society was held at the institution in Bart-
lett's-buildings, Holborn, and which was respectably
attended ; J. Robertson, Esq., in the Chair. Mr.
J. G. Simpson the Secretary, read the minutes of
the late meeting, which were confirmed. Amongst
other topics, it was moved and seconded, and unani-
mously carried, that a printing press should' be estab-
lished, which would give employment to a number of
hands, and be the means of increasing the funds of
the Society, which at present, from the number of
claimants for assistance and support, is in a depressed
condition. The Rev. Messrs. Simson, Crouch,
Stewart, Chappell, and others, addressed the meeting,
and the various resolutions were carried unanimously.
ENLARGEMENT OF SMITHFIELD MARKET.—A peti-
tion to the Corporation has been got up, and is being
extensively signed by graziers, salesmen, and others
connected with the markst, still further to enlarge it,
as notwithstanding the recent additions made during
the last few years, the present space is not found
sufficient, and great quantities of sheep and pigs are,
every Monday obliged to be accommodated in the
yards of the different public-houses. The spot most
suitable for this enlargement is at the north end to-
wards Long-lane, where sufficient property might be
purchased at a reasonable rate, and so as to pay good
interest to the Corporation.
ERRATUM.—In the Foreign Summary, on Friday,
by an error of the press, Pekin was substituted for
Perm, a city in Russia, which had been _destroyed
by fire.

STRANGE ANOMALY.—The Recorder, in his charge
to the Grand Jury at Salisbury Sessions on Monday
week, stated that, by a charter granted in the year
1612, in the reign of James 1., the Judges of Assize
had no power to deliver the gaol belonging to the
city of New Sarum, for the civic authorities therein
mentioned had sole power to try prisoners committed
for offences within their jurisdiction, and that the only
alteration made by the Municipal Corporation Act
was the appointing of a Recorder as sole judge of the
session. The Recorder also stated that Mr. Justice
Wightman, at the Summer Assizes, which were held
at Devizes, had set at liberty one George Holloway,
committed for larceny, when by the said charter he
ought not to have been liberated.—Wiltshire Inde-
pendent
COWMEN'S NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE FOR NO-
VEMBER.—The Editor of the New Monthly, Thomas
Hood, Esq., appears determined to keep up his repu-
tation as one of the choice humorists of the age.
,Wit-
ness his contributions to the new number of this fa-
vourite periodical—the amusing " News from Chine
—the admirable notice of " Boz in America"—and
his facetious "No !" He is well supported by Laman
Blanchard in his quaint notices of "Persons whom
everybody has seen." Mrs. Trollope conducts her
"Barnabys in America" with as much success as at-
tended Mr. Dickens in his recent tour. The author
of "Peter Priggins" furnishes one of his excellent
pictures of College life in a tale called " The Rector
of Squashfield." " The Reminiscences of a Medical
Student" afford one equally graphic with its prede-
cessors, entitled "The Story of a Genius." A very
picturesque narrative by D. T. Evans, Esq., styled
"A Glance at Gower and the Gowerians," and a
cleverly written Legend by Miss Youatt, with a sin-
gular portrait of" A Moscow Councillor of Medicine,"
from the Note-book of an Anglo-Russian, make the
Magazine for this month even more than usually
entertaining.
SINGULAR PHENOMENON.—The following singular
phenomenon is related by the Courritr de la Moselle :
—On the 15th ult., during the prevalence of an epi-
demic complaint at Villecey-sur-Mad, a commune
near Metz, a medical man was called in to attend a
woman forty-four years of age, suffering from the
prevailing malady. On entering the room where she
lay, which was on the ground floor, raised about half
a yard from the earth, which was damp, he observed
on the outside of the bedclothes a pale blue flame,
which went out on opening the window, but left a
pungent smell behind. The doctor, in relating this
fact, attributed it to the electrical state of the atmos-
phere acting upon the person of the woman. Our
readers will remember that an almost similar account
was related some time ago in the English journals.--
Gali gnani.

THE SCHOOLMASTER WANTED.—The following
splendid specimen of orthography was, last week,
posted up on the gate leading to Mr. Atkinson's,l the
Shrewsbury Arms Inn, Oxton :—" Oxton 10 Octo-
ber 1842 Sintise is here By given i Thomas Williams
Cunstabel off the Township off Oxton his intending
to give up that hoffise and that the inabetins of the
said Township Do Apint Another gentleman in my
please hes I have sarved 11 year in that hoffise.
Thomas Williains."--Liver.pool Paper.