The Sun.
London, England, 1820-03-28 00:00:00

TRIAL OF MR. HUN AND OTIInRS.

The following is 'he ren,,,inder of the Evidence
of the EIGHTH DAY, Mit, h, for Want of 100111,
we Weir obliged to post jolng yester,hty
Robert. Grnttday called—crtie-witness refo.:ed to gice his

evidence, until he bail his-expeivei!s; but Mr. Justice Ilayl'ey
said, he never linen, of a Judge, in similar eircimstances, or-

dering his expenees to a witness. Mr. limit said, so far
as he • was concerned, he was gaite wiliing to pay bia his

expence..)

The examination then went on.

am in the ivaollen trade, and lire at S.ilford. I was at

Manehegt Cr on the Ititti of Atipnst.

I (1i nat see many of

the processions coming in. It was' about half•past eleven
that I went to the field. I arted as a special.constable. I
remained in that capacity in the field until about halt-past
one o'clock. I hare not given in my deoositious. I staid in
the fitld until von came, and some time afterward:. I re-
' maitied until the cavalry made their apiwarance. The seve-
r:4 precessions were coming up in the mean time. I cannot
say that I was iss the line of coostables, but I was Very near
• them. Where I stood might he from 15 to 20 yards from the
hustings. I went to Buxton's house after the cavalry ap
pearr.d. The meeting was then partially dispersed. The
patties came up its an orderly In:tomer, there seemed to he
fur v abreast ;- they had cMours and music. - No par-
ticular
- -were as pear.,.ahle as it :.as possible for such bodies to he. -1
did not -observe any staves, hut 1 believe. some had sticks;
they were walking sticks; such as people generally have
whentliev-corne front the country. I did not see arty of them
offer any insult or violence to the respectable people there.
• When I stood within 20 yards of the' hustings, the people
pressed very cl.se against me ; I did not then show my staff,
and I thin!: they may not hare known that I was a -special
constable. Some- of the constables did not exhibit their
staves. I saw the cavalry arrive.
fa' the COURT—Was any opposition trade to them ? —I
• di,; riot see any.
Any thing to intimidate them ?—Nething that I saw.
Nor any groans or hisses ?-4 heard three cheers, and, I
believe, the soldiers retnrned them. I did not hear hootings
-or hissings, or groaning's.
- Did yen see any stones thrown at them, or up in the air ?
I did not, my Lorsl.
Had you your eye on them as they were advancing ?—Nn.
treceded a little; I wished to get out of the meeting. This
was to the tight of the cavalry.
By Mr. Hunt—Had you any fears for your own safety or
the town from what you saw'—Not any until I saw the ca-
valry come upon the ground. I understood it was not the
intention of the Magistrates to interfere with the Meeting,
and therefore I was easy on the subject. ITpou this under-
• standing I felt no alarm from the conduct of the people.
. Did you see the Yeomanry?-1 saw them conic up, and the
people about me tried to get away. There was no resistance
offered. I then, for the first time, began to be alarmed fur
pie person.
Cross-vxamined by Mr. SCARTATT—T was a special con-
stable for two years before. I believe they are generally
persons of property. I am for Salford. I bad heard of dril-
lings in the neiWihourhood often before. I did not hear of
any alarm amongst me acquaintance or friends at the Meet-
in have no connexion wish any persons who were there.
- The bodies marched. They did not appear to have leaders.
I said they came in sections, but by that I only meant that
thee came some abreast. I did nit see them in the streets.
Those that went into the field marched like a file of soldiers,
abreast. I did not see that any of them had a mark of dis-
tinction. or command. They marched like persons who had
been drilled. I 4013'1 know that their appearance confirmed
in- my mind what I had heard of drilbng. I don't. mean
' to say tlis se walked as regular as seltlios, hut they were a
little more orderly than persons walking in the street. .
From their otatuter of walking, do you think, on your oath,
Olt thee had been drilled ?—I do think they had had some
instructions.
Will you not say, that the impression on Tour mind was,
that they had been drilled ?—I have said I beiiived they got
instructions, but of drilling I know nothinsf.
How many were there ?—About- 60,009, but I don't know
much of public meetings. Their-conduct was quite peace-
able. As they cane in, they formed round the hustings. I
can't say they all brought up their banners to the hustings.
I was never nearer to them than from fifteen to twenty yards.
I did not try to get nearer. I remained with a friend of !slim.,
a special constable. I saw no reason to he alarmed in Man-
cheater. after I heard that the Magistrates had determined
not to interfere.
put you a case. Suppose at that meeting speeches had
been made of an inflammatory nature by various speakers,
and in ridicule of the local authorities, that is, the Magis-
trates, I ask you, would you be confident that such a meeting
would be safe in Manchester?--I think speeches of that kind
always have had a had effect; but as I never heard such,
cannot give an answer.
Suppose a speech of this sort: "The farce of petition is
now over; a million and a half of men have petitioned for
Reform ; the greater part have been rejected, and none at-
tended to. And should the people again stoop to any thing
like petition, they will deserve what they now suffer for their
daetardit, conduct. But •we ere confident that the spirit of
the people will never again condescend to pray to those whom
the people themselves ought to delegate. The most deter-
mined men in the country are in the ranks of the Reformers:
Where can the clans of corruption find writers of equal talent
to Cohbett, er resolution to Cartwright, &c.> Behind you is
starvation ; before you the battalions of corruption. On all
hands we see nothing but great Noblemen, Placemen, Pen-
sioners, and a horde of black cattle whom they call Bishops ;
Fundholders, who consume 40,000,0001. a-year of the public
money. and those who give you a bullet when you cry for
bread." DO yon think, after hearing such a speech as that,
titers would be no danger from the mob ?--(This was part
of a speech of Mr. Hunt's at a meeting in Smithfield.)
Mr. Hunt said, this was not -proved to be a speech of his,
and it might have been made by the Learned Counsel him-
self, for aught he knew.
Mr. SrARLETT—Is that decorous?
Mr. Justice BAYLEY—I think the toestion. may be put, not
as purporting to be words used by you, but as a supposition
of the Learned Counsel himself. He may ask the witness his
opinion of what the probable effect of such words would he
upon such a multitude, and in the temper in which its de-
scribed them.
Mr. Hunt bowed, and the witness said I should consider
such a speech very improper.
By the COURT—You are asked, would it produce auger ?
I can't answer that, I am no politician.
Did the people appear to you to be of the labouring clais?
.......flenerally speaking, they were.
Were there not complaints of distress among that order in
the neiebbourhood ?—it great many.
From what you saw and knew, did you think they were dis-
contented did think many of the working classes were
discontented.
Did you think then that a meeting of such persons would
not be inflamed by such a speech as this ?—I would think,
from such a speech as this to the lower class, they would.
Did you see in the Manchester Observer an account of the
Resolutions passed at Smithfield ?—No; I don't read it.
Suppose a Resolution was proposed like this, " That laws
and taxes ought not, in conscience, to he obligatory upon
those who had no voice in making them, That it is expedient,
after the Ist January, 1820, not to submit to any taxes except
imposed by those who were fully and fairly delegated by the
mass of the people, and chosen by all the voices in the State."
-(This also is a Resolution passed at the same meeting at
Smithfield.)—Would that inflame or produce danger at such
a meeting ?—I do .net know the lower classes enough to give
an opinion. A great deal would depend en the way in which
they bore their sufferings; I was not aware of what was to be
' done there. I do not know that seditious publications had
heels circulated at Manchester for some time preceding. If
such were, would it make you think they would he dangerous?
—Ftltirek them improper;. hut it would depend on the degree
of irritation they would produce.
Did the appearance of the people seem to be the result of
a previous arrangement think so.
By the CoUrr—Do you think they could come in that way
. without a previous; arraagement ?-1 do not.
Be Mr. Seafteerr—Am Ito understand you to say, that
•peoPle coming together in such numbers would not create
alarm ?-1 think whefe there are greater numbers there is
. greater danger, but the character of the meeting appeared to
be perfectly peaceable. I never said such a meeting ought to
be dispensed: I don't know Carlile. '
By Mr. Hnnt-1, read in the papers of the meeting in
Smithfield., If these Resolutions had passed in Smithfield and
had no ,hatiliffect, would you think they would he worse at
Manchester do not think they would, except that
from the general feeling amongst the lower classes, they
might think themselves more interested here than in London.
Suppose the--people in London had met and passed such a
• Reaolutiou without any bad effect, is there any reason wily it
would produce a different effect at Manchester'--I see no

other reason, than tecanse the people in our neighbourhood
were inure interested.

Dicl you near that the Resolutions at London produced any
had effect

Wit.tt. reason bare yow to think, that it would be worse at
Nlanchestcr than at London ?—No other than the condition
of the manufacturing classes.
if such a speech as that about black' cattle had been
spoken at • Wigan without any bad effect, do you think it
mond be worse here ?—I do not; Wigan is a manufacturing
town.
Suppose any one, and he a man of great sense, talent,
and leg;il knowledge, used such a speech As this to a mul-
titude—" As a lawyer I would say the first meeting was it
legal."
Mr. Serjeant Cuoss,rose to object to reading the speech of a
Member of PArliameitt.

•
Mr. Huat—Oh, Mr. Cross. you need not say any thing.
Never fear, we never shall have your speech in Parlia-
ment.
[Phis speech, which he was about to read, was Mr. Scar-
lett's upon the late new Bills.]
Mr. Hunt read—" As. a lawyer, I would declare the first
meeting illegal. The object was Bleu chang..d. The se-
cond took place ; and what follnwed ? Orator Hunt was
arrested, .and the people were cut down by the yeomanry.''—s
Now what would ue the effect of such a speech as that to a
multitude
SCARLETT (warmly)—My Lord, as a Member of the
House of Commons, I must protest against having read here
Molt was spoken there.
Mr. Hunt—The Learned Counsel is a little warm. I never
said it was his speech.
Mr. Justice BAyLEY—.I must insist that there be no more
interruptions. Mr. Scarlett is now arguing, and when he has
done, I will bear you in reply.
Mr. Scautvrr—l put a speech to the witness, which had
been actually spoken by one of the defendants at a public
ineetiug, and I asked hint what he thought would be the efs
sect of such a speech addressed to the meeting at Manches-
ter ? It was as a Means of knowing his opinion as to its
capability of excitement that I put it ; but does it there-
fore follow, that he can make use of a speech that never
was spoken to a multitude, and which I collect to he Mr. Den-
man's speech in the House of Commons, and ask the witness's
opinion on it ?--4t would be quite competent for him, as
have asked what the effect of an inflammatory speech would
be, t,} ask what would be the probable effect of a moderate
one, under the like circumstances ; but certainly not a speech
in Parliameut.
Mr. Justice BAYLEY—I will nut suffer you, Mr. Scatlett, to
gu upon these grounds. When, a little while ago,' I permit-
ted you! to read a speech from a paper, it was not necause it
was Mr. Hunt's or any other, but merely as a supposition of
your own, and I thought you were at liberty to put any num-
ber of sentences together,and ask the witness what be thought
would die the effect, it so and so were spoken.
Mr. Scartmarr—My object is to know, whether or not, the
defendants have conspired to excite discontent. I'll prove,
that this speech had, in fact, been circulated previously, with
that view.
,1.40 not charge the defendants with a riot..
Mt. Strjeant Cross--Before the trial is over, we will prove
that this speech was made by one of the defendants.
Mr. Hunt—My Lord, will I be allowed to speak a word .?
(Mr. Scarlett was rising at the same time.)
Mr. Justice BAYLEY-411U I to be respected, Mr. Hunt ?

Mr. Hunt—My Lord—
Mr. Justice BAYLEY—When the Counsel for. the Crown
have done, I will then hear you.
Mr. Huut (with a profound bow)—Most certainly, .my
Lord.• -
Mr. Justice BAYLEY—Then don't bow in words, and con-
tradict it by your actions.
Mr. Hunt then apologised, but, at the same time, took oc-
casion to complain, that however kind the Court was to him,
lie was not often enough alowed to reely to the observations
of Counsel. He contended that the speech was not proved
to he his, and that though the paper in which it was put
in evidence, merely on account of an advertisement—yet,
from the case of the King v. Perry, it was laid down, that a
detached part of a Newspaper could not be given in evidence,
unless it was proved hy itself.
SCARLETY repeated, that no one was at liberty to use
the speech of a Member of Parliament. If he had published
that speech with his name, he could be indicted fur it; but
as it could nut be 'printed without a breach of privilege, it
never conk] be given in evidence, and therefore ought not to
be alluded to here.
Mr. Justice Bavi.ftY—" The. situation I am placed iu is
rather a delicate one. If the question had been, whether the
.speech of a:Member of Parliament was to be given in evi-
dence, as a lawyer I could have no hesitation in disposing of
out that is nut the question now. The question is for the
witness to say, whether he thought such and such a speech
(I don't . care where it was gut) would have any, or what
effect upon a multitude in the temper that lie has desciibed
that of Manchester. I look upon them as naked specimens
of speeches which might as well be made in Court, and pro-
pounded to the witness. It- was precisely for this reason that
1 permitted Mr. Scarlett to use the other speech, nut as one of
any of the defendants, but as au unconnected and discus-
, bodied piece of composition. As Mr. Scarlett then thought
proper to use a certain set of words, I can see no objection
to Mr. Hunt's using another; but I do not care whether they
•lave been spoken by a maii in parnanieut
or out of it. I
think, therefore, he ma) put them nie'rely as suppo-
sition to the witness..ainl get an opinion upon their probable
effect if•they had been spoken. It gives me some pain to
make this decision, but as a lawyer J must do it."
Mr. SeARLETT—I•now wave my Objection•
Mr. Hunt-Yes, when you can no longer 'tulle any use
of it.
Mr. Justice BAYLEY—I hail rather the question had 'not
been put.
Mr. ScARLETT—My Lord, 1 am now noxious it should.
Mr. Hunt—My Lord, I don't desire it should. Your Lord-
ship has said, it cost you some pain to decide in my favour,
and though I see the advantage of patting it, yet I will re-
frain from dolt% su; nut from any iegardto..the feelipgs of
Mr. Scarlett at the awkward situation that I would put hint
in, but simply from what has fallen from your Lordship, that
you did not wi hit should. I therefore? decker asking the
question.—(A stifled buzz of applause
%ionpitehwe.Cuoldurhtif:elrcuowmede
this declaration.).
Witness continued—l thought the p
in. that manner from having heard of the meeting without
being previously agreed amongst themselves. I have been to
the Manchester races; great crowds assemble there; they
eame there in the Same manner that these came. There was
nothing different in the deportment of the people from Orange
or Club processions. I have lived in the neighbourhood fur
fifteen or sixteen years. I have seen Benefit Societies; they
match with music and banners. 1 have seen processions on
occasion of Proclamations of Peace.; they also have flags, but
not so numerous as they were on this ocasion.
By the Coo er—W hen I said they; could not come in with-
out a previous arrangement, I ineant both the time and
manner of their coming. I .don't think it was necessary
they should have concerted amongst themselves, for the
meeting •was publicly advertised. It is probable they might
have cbunnunicated with each other, but 'I do not think it
was necessary to their comnig.
Thomas Bothwell, James Schofield, Isaac Wood, and Sa-
muel Slack, deposed as to the peaceable character of the meet-
ing,, and its nun-resistance of the usilitary.
John Molineux gave evidence to the same effect.,
' Crass-examined by Mr. Sevjeant Cnoss—Hatt been at the
former meeting in January, when Mr. Hunt presided. - Wit-
ness was not on the hustings. Knight was on the hustings.
Witness dined with them afterwards at the Spread Eagle ;
there were speeches and toasts; a gob(' many loyal
ones; thought " The immortal Memory of Thomas Paine"
was given.
The June objected to evidence being given on this
point.
Mr. SeARLETT and Mr. Serjeant Cross contended, that as
Mr. Hunt had called a witness to prove, that his conduct was
never disloyal or irreligious, it was open fur them to prose
what his conduct had been ou the occasion referred to.
The Juvne remarked, that Mr. Hunt might have attended
the meeting in qiiestion, and toasts of a vety improper cha-
racter might have been given at that meeting ; but if any
thing disloyal were proved against Mr. Hunt in January, un-
less the conspiracy charged were shewn to hare then been in
existence, it Was not to he inferred that he was guilty of the
p irt imilar offence for which he was now to be tried.
Mr. Serjeant Cftoss submitted, that evidence to the loyal.
and religious character of Mr. Haut having been given by
his servant, testimony of an opposite character might be re-
ceived.

The Jaunt said, if this evidence referred to had been ob-
jected to at the time, he might net have suffered it to pro-
ceed; but since it bad been given, it could not now he allowed
to open the way to more inadmissible evidence. ,
SCAHLETT sntimitted, that a precedent fora course
which he wished to he pursued, was to be found in the case of
Hardy and others 'foi- High Treason. In "that case speeches
were allowed to be picived, which had been made some time
before.
Mr. Hunt said, the evidence referred to bad been given by
the prosecution in a chief examination, eo that ti►oe was af-
forded to the defendant to bring' forwird evidence to refute
the insinuation. If be, bad attended the dinner in question,
and if his conduct had been iinprop, r, that could not he-re-
ferred to uow. He would sutiAait to his Lordship, uulvi it

had had a tendency to call another meeting, in fart:reran-cc of
the alleged conspiracy, he apprehended it could'not be lawful
to rake up all the errors of his past life, to prove him guilty
of this particular offence. If a man might, be thus pursued`
for haring acted improperly at one period of his life, it was.
of no use for bim to change, and become what he ought
to be. _

After some further argument, the JUDGE decided, that an
act of disloyalty or sedition proved after existence, alight be
an act against ail the parties included in the indictment. He,
however, objecti,d to going into the general character of the
Defenda,t, thence to draw an inference that he was guilty of
a particular action.
Examination resunied—Mr. Hunt was at the dinner; did
not remember Johnson, Knight, or Bamford being there. Mr.
Hunt said something after dinner; heard nothing about his
being soon among then► again ; had no expectation of 'this,
from what passed at that.dinaer. He (Mr. Hunt) was called
to the Chair by the company. Witness was not one of the
Committee ; he was not invited; was never at Johnson's
house in his life. • Witness attended the meeting on the 16th
of August; could not say that he disapproved of the objects
of that meeting.
Mr. Hunt said he bad a great number of witnesses to call,
who should speak to the same facts that had been stated by
those who had already given their testimony. If any intima-
tion were given that the Jury were satisfied on any particular
points—if a question could be put to them on any of these,
it migbt save a great deal of time.
The JUDGE could at- present submit no question to the
Jury.

Mr. Hunt then proceeded to examine the witness—He
(witness) was at Manchester on the morning of the 16th. He
described those who attended it to have been distinguished
by great regularity, jocularity, and mirth, and corroborated
the principal statements of several of the preceding witnesses
on the subject of the peaceable and loyal conduct of the peo•
pie, which he regarded as a most gratifying sight. When the
cavalry advanced the crowd held up their bats, so as to form
a guard against the soldiers, flying from them at the same
time, so as to make as much way as possible. Saw no stones
thrown or sticks raised against them, or any other act of re-
sistance or defiance.
. . .

Cross-examined by Mr. Scartterr—,-Those at the extremity
of the crowd fled ; those within, from the pressure they sus-
tained, closed in. The constables followed the cavalry.
Witness preached at a chapel called Christ's Church. Never
saw so large a congregation as that-assembled on the 16th
August. Could not have made himself heard by all the
meeting, bat from the hustings more than twenty thousand
might bete heard him. Thu meeting was not 60 deliberative
as if assembled in a place of worship; was highly gratified to
see the assembly so peaceable; did not disapprove of them ;
as a people he approved of them; they could not all be Sove-
reigns. He approved of the peaceableness of the people.
Had he known the intentions of the people, he could have
said whether he approved of them or not. He saw a flag in-
scribed " Union:, with two hands on it. He did not see
"Love," nor " Taxation without Representation is tyranni-
cal," and the other inscriptions. He saw "No Corn Laws,"
Annual Parliaments," and " Vote by Ballot." What he
saw on the flags did not apply to the purpose of the meeting,
but merely that- those who carried such flags thought such•
objects desirable. These objects he thought would be de-
sirable if they could be obtained, agreeably and with general
concurrence. Should approve of 'a meeting to inculcate on
the people thoie things which were for the prosperity of the
nation. He had written two pieces far the Manchester Ob-
server ; they were connected with the Bible, and with poli-
tics, it Scripture was connected With them. They were so
connected, not intentionally nor accidentally; they were
connected with politics and the present state of the country
no further than they were connected with Scripture. It was
not the practice of the Sect to which be belonged to apply
Scripture to politics. One of the articles referred to- was
written before, one after the meeting; did not khow when
they were i'Vritten-; would nut swear they were written
twenty years, twenty months, twenty weeks, or ten days
before the meeting; the one written before the meeting.
titight'probably be addressed to the Ministers who had.
subseribed to the Manchester Police Declaration ; he meant
to say that it was addressed to the Clergymen; to the Minis
ters who had signed the Declaration in support of the Police ;
he wrote to disapprove of murder ; that no Minister ought to
approve; Ise wrote his address .'to blame those who signed a•
Declaration in support of the Police before the 16th of Au-
gust. The principles of the Scripture were his guide when
writing it. Was not certain whether the Declaration was
signed by most of the Clergy. It was signed by the Clergy
of the Church of England, but not by the majority of the
Dissenting Ministers. His Sect had no name. They were
lYble Christians. Did not know Mr. Carlile. Did riot read
The Manchester Observer • every week. Did not notice.. the
name of Mr. Carlile among those invited to be present at the-
meeting of the 16th. Saw two or three of his congregation
at the meeting, but not on the hustings.
Re-examined by Mr. Hunt—Thought his letter was against
the Clergymen who approved of the proceedings of the 16th.
On recollection be thought that both his letters were written
after the liith of August. To the best of his recollection both
the papers that he had given to the Manchester Observer
were written atter the 16th of August. Whatbe had .first
written was signed S. It was disapproving the conduct of
the Clergy on some prominent occasion connected 'with
politics.
Thomas and William Brooks, deposed each to the peace-
able appearance and conduct of the meeting.
Joint HobSti, examined by- Mr. Hunt—Was not in any
business.- Resides at Heath-green, about three miles from
Manchester.. Was at the meeting of the 16th of August.
He was proceedirig to speak to the occurrences of that day,
when
The JUDGE inquired if this witness .was produced to speak
to the same points on which the preceding witnesses had been
examined ?

Mr. Hunt replied in the affirmative.
The JUDGE kft it for Mr. Hut to.proceed as he thought
proper: he had no wish to prevent his going on in the way
he proposed, if he (Mr. Hunt) thought that it would add to
the weight of testimony.
Mr. Hunt said, many witnesses who could speak to. the
same point (not fewer than 70) had been told .to go home. A
few most respectable persons remained, whom he wished to
be examined.
The examination then. proceeded7-Wituess spoke to the
peaceable conduct of the crowd. Saw no resistance offered
to the soldiers.
Joseph Barrett, examined by Mr. Hunt—Resides at New-
ton Heath, where he is a manufacturer ; employed from 100
to 200 men. Had a warehouse in the market-place at Man-
chester. Accompanied the last witness to the sleeting. Saw
no alarm created by the proceedings of the day. Was near
enough to hear Mr. Hunt's address to the multitude. Saw
no confusion or alarm till after the arrival of the Yeomanry;
saw nothing done to oppose,.intimidate, or insult the Yeo-
manry. Did not hear Mr. init say to the people or the mi-
litary—" There are your enemies; if they molest you put
them down ; having got them down, keep them down." Must
have heard these words if they had been used.
Jonathan Hobson, examined by Mr. Hunt—Resided at Li-
verpool; has a house and the.thirdof a warehouse. jn Manches-
ter. Is a merchant by profession. Was in a hope behind the
hustings on the 16th of August. Went merely out of curiosity
to see the aroceediugs of the meeting, and certainly should not
hare gone it he could not have gut into a house out of the
way of the crowd. Saw the different divisions come
.on'to
the grodrid. Corroborated the statements of former • wit-
nesses on the subject of the peaceable conduct of the meet-
ing. He hearth Mr. Hunt exhort the meeting to be peace-
able and quiet, and defeat the wishes of their enemies. Did
not understand the words " Put them down and keep them
down," to be applied to the military, but to any persons
who might seek to create a disturbance. No soldiers were
in sight at the time. Saw nothing dune to intimidate or
oppose the cavalry. There was a shout, but he considered.
it to be a shout of welcome. It was similar to that given
when Mr. Hunt came on the ground. Heard no particular
tune, but " See the Conquering Hero comes." Did not hear
Mr. Hunt use any words like these—" Never mind them (the
soldiers;) they are only a few, and mare a host against them."
The crowd collected about the hustings were not different
from those assembling about other hustings; they had no-
thing. like the appearance of disciplined soldiers. Many
women were mixed with the crowd, apparently dressed in
their best clothes. Saw nothing there or elsewhere in Man-
chester that created in his mind any feeling of .alarm fur the
safety of the town; saw nothing to excite fears in any ra-
tional mind. .

Cross-examined by Mr. Scart•LETT-..Was at a house imme-
diately behind thy left-hand corner of the hustings, the far-
ther one from Buxton's house.- What came from people in
the direction of Buxton's house, unless very loud, witness
might nut he able to hear. The crowd was very thick round
the hustings, but not quite so thick round Buxton's house,
though still thick. Saw some of the people round the hust-
ings loch their arms after being addressed by a person from
the hosting. • This seemed to extend all along in front of the
hustings, in one row .only that becould see, and he believed
this continued till Mr. lignt came. A great crowd came with
him. Those found the hustings opened to let Mr. tiunt.pass
through. .
• Here, from the lateness of the hoixr, the Court was about
to adjourn, ..vhcn
'Mr. WitsoN stated, that tile evidence foi.t4e defence was
nrarly olosed, They proposed to tall. bit aevcii wiulttkes

more, and two to character. The exarnioations, la far ae+lll.
pended on them; would not be icing ones.
Mr. Hunt said, they could not answer for the loses "
which they might extend, and had therefore better sag gyr
thingobout it.

Mr. Ptartsost did not think the examination of the reitsltr
ing witnesses would occupy more than three hours,
thought it probable that they might be finished in that dor,
The JUDGE then said, if the examination of witnesses IWO':
close within the time mentioned, it was probable that; in It'"'
course of to-morrow, he should have to address a few ebs4r
vations to the Jury, to direct their • attention to the poil3ti
which would be left for their particular consideration.
Wm. Binns, examined by Mr. Hunt. Had-to do with
making of a flag for the Bury people. He made in e'
merit for the top of it of a piece of tin, in the fOrm of ali_7,
delis. Was employed to paint it yellow. Had, riot WO"
time on his bands, and he painted it red.
Here witness gave in a drawing of the /ear de lib 107131(11
was handed round to the Jury. -
Witness had no yellow paint, and so in the entergerlo„-a
painted it red, thinking it could be of no consequence: 'l4"
was the only reason for painting it red.
Cross-examined by Mr. Se/tau:Tr—Did not publish 'Ol5
reason in a Newspaper. Had made the drawing since f(444
recollection.
John Smith, examined by Mr. Hunt—Was avotton spirm",,
at Manchester; was at Manchester on the 16th of ArtM;
was in a house in Mount-street, that overlooked the field.
was in the same rosy with Mr. Buxton's house; saw the 4°...
ferent parties march on in an orderly manner; saw the
inanry arrive. Up to the time of their arrival, had seen
thing to excite Isis fears for the safety of the town. The 0.;
litary formed opposite to the house next but one to that m
which he was. Saw no opposition made to the military; s4o
nothing done to intimidate or threaten theca. (Heard °",_,
thrumsbooting, hissing, or gloaming, till after the dispersion of tr,
meeting. Saw no stones or sticks thrown at them, or thrums
up in the air. Thought be must have seen any thing of ill
hind that had occurred. The military might Ise a dozen
twenty yards from witness when they formed. The pcor
near the yeomanry immediately ran away.
Cross-examined by Mr. Serjeant HueLocg—The people°
the outside of the crowd began to tun ; others cheered tO
military by the hustings. Did not recollect the crowd closil
on the military. Witness was a eartner in the house of Joll
Smith and Brother. Had been at two public meetings. Pr
not approve of Annual Parliaments and Universal Suffrage-
Thos. Wei. Sanderson, examined by Mr. Hunt—Was
merchant at Manchester; in the firm of Sanderson and Co,'
lives at Chewbent, 12 miles front Manchester; hese warettot9:
at Manchester; some of his firm live there; generallyeasor t"
Manchester once or twice a-week; keeps his own carri44l
was in Manchester on the 16th of Aug.; arrived about t t ifs s#"
morning; saw no processions on the road, or in Mancletor'
went to his warehouse, and the ordinary business was treo,i
acted during the whole of the day; went to Peter's-field.; 41
not go as a Radical Reformer, to take part in the peoceeclistr4
'
of the meeting; he had an affidavit that it was necessitefto
swear before a Magistrate; he went to Mr. Buxton's'hool'
where the Magistrates were assembled; t4tit -merely%
private business; saw the Magistrates assembled; had said
nothing to excite alarm for his person or property; he lout,
nobody in a state of alarm ; saw nothing to excite the stlafr,
of any sober rational mind, when he first-came on lls-e grainy.,"
he saw nothing to excite alarm before the cavalry came;
did not not see the cavalry arrive.
Cross-examined by Mr. Serjeant Celoss—Knew there was;
be a meeting that day, but howit was to be composed, or
numbers it was to contain,he did not know. Having dispetr°,
ed his private-business lie returned. Did 'tot hear of 44,7
alarm among the Magistrates. Was in their company fro'
five to ten minutes. Was not a stranger. He knew Off;
Fletcher. Did not approve of the object of the meeting, r)
the manner in which) the meeting was drawn 'together!,
Never saw such a meeting before. Never knew mc..41
formed by large bodies marching together
not see the bodies take up their ground that day, so cott
not say if people. on
,the race ground drew up mu the sao_,,
way. He objected to the mode of forming a meet nig of ilia;
bodies from distant places, but did not think that a meetil
of a hundred thousaud' men, like that, from -the tenure
which prevailed, endangered the safety of MarKhester ;
people were quiet.; he had heard many expressions oley,
content from the people at other times, but thought Nl,Ol';‘
chester was not in danger from what he saw in their ter.",
on that day. Chobent is in a popubeis labouring O%
trict; the people there were perfectly quiet and contOn't
Chobent is seven miles from Wigan ; the pour at Mantis's
were content, so far as he knew, unless they were dissatis?,
at not being able to earn a subsistence; saw no dam; cis' fin
the assembling of a hundred thousand men that day; concelei,
that such a number of the labouring classes might asscre
without danger to the public peace. He disapproved of
bodies being brought together from distant places, becanFe
led to great idleness; he did not know that it would load
any disturbance; it might do so; disapproved of the salute,:
which the meeting was brought together. Did not Lao;
the objects of the meeting. Might be a Reformer himself-,
He did not know Mr. Hunt. Several other questions
.ptit to witness, on the subject of Radical Reform. Witnilf
did not understand the words. Mr. Hunt then inquire°
he were told that a pistol loaded with nine bullets was 0';')
nected with Radical Reform, whether he would not know Sl'
that was untrue.
The JUDGE objected to this question—The witness was ttO
-allowed to retire.