The Sun.
London, England, 1827-03-30 00:00:00

SPMIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

The public see without regret the daily pro-
gress made towards a final demolition of Carlton-
house. There are, indeed, no sacred or endear-
ing recollections associated with that fast crumb-
ling edifice. It has been a stage for gaiety--
outward gaiety—and bustle—a field of. jollity—
perhaps of licence—but the foundation of at
least one broken heart was laid there.
mense sums of money were there expended,
which came from the earnings of the people.
There, enormous debts were contracted, which
the nation repeatedly discharged. But if Carl-
ton-house be represented in history as the fa-
voured and revered abode of the purely virtuous
or pre-eminently wise—if distant generations
shall be taught that within its gilded and bedi-
zened wall science was fostered and the Muses
flourished—that Englishmen, the most illustri-
ous for genius and morality, were the exclusive,
or most familiar, ornaments of that " brilliant"
circle, which blazed for its hour upon the eastern
wing of Pall-mall—the future antiquarian who shall
succeed in extracting from genuine memoirs or au-
thentic records of this age, the required evidence in
support of such representations, may well aspire on
his own behalf to the praise of more than mortal in-
dustry. But if the public he ready to forgive the
'removal of this unhonoured pile, it is not so with
some of its innocent and cheerful appendages. We
hear that many new buildings are about to be erect-
ed on the site of Carlton Palace, and in the neigh-
hood—that St. James's Park, the scene of humble and
unoffending, but occasional, and therefore doubly-pre-
cious recreation, to the pent-up citizens of London and
Westminster, is to be further encroached upon than
at present, for the sake of multiplying the outposts of
the Court, in the shape of well-plastered cribs and
sties, to accommodate the customers of the new
Buckingham Palace; and that between coachways
and terraces, lofty walls and aristocratic avenues, to
secure the communications between Royalty and
loyalty, this one great comfort to the people of the
Thetnopolis—the Park of St. James's—bids fair to
be shrewdly cut up. It seems surprising, that a
chosen resort of Charles 11. and his respectable com-
panions should meet with so little favour; but one
barbarous butchery we cannot refrain from noticing,
viz, the destruction of that rich screen of various
and noble timber-trees which covered the gardens of
Carlton-house, and shut out front the brick-burnt
eyes of pedestrians who wandered through the Park,
the dismal view of the rear of Pall-mall, from Carlton-house
to theresideneeof him who, in one respect at least, has proved
himself no unworthy occupant of the first Duke of Marl-
borough's mansion. What is called the Regent's Park has
been built and " beautified" by some offieial artists into a
round of cockney teillos, with a true cockney green and
duck-pond in the midst of them. Is, then, a similar fate
reserved for the ancient pleasure-grounds of St. James's,
by these vulgarism; of the West? Why is not the manly
taste of Mr. Wyattville called into operation, if any gene-
rous wish be entertained of reconciling the indulgences of
the great with the convenience or necessities of the humble ?
Oh for a few men of well-strung nerves and earnest tem-
peraments among the national representativeg, to wring
the withers of these heartless sycophants about the Court,
and force upon them the expediency of a little forbearance
towards the people.— Times.

We like the easy degage manner in which
the Earl of Limerick treats the subject of the
sufferings of the Irish poor from hunger. " He
had beard," he said, " of people perishing, but
he did not givz credit to every thing which ap-
peared in -newspapers." It was one of those
matters, which might or might not be true ; but
it was not for a man of his elevated rank to dis-
tonipose himself with such things. Besides, as
his. Lordship happily observed, " did not people
perish of hunger in other countries as well as in
Ireland ?" To be sure they do ; and can a
better or more satisfactory reason be assigned for
allowing meu to die like dogs in Ireland ? The
business of a great Lord, a ,Peer of Parliament,
is to get as much out of the poor as possible,
and to spend the money so extracted from
_them
in as pleasant. a way as possible, avoiding what-
ever tends to throw a damp on pleasure. Men
will die when they. have nothing to eat--that is
quite natural ; but when a man has enough to
eat; he has nothing to fear from want, though
•
occasionally something from a bad digestion ;
and it is quite
_natural, therefore,; that a man
who has enough to eat, and a good digestion,
should not wish to spoil it by going out of his
way to hunt for subjects which suggest unplea-
sant reflections. So well is this matter under-
stood in some countries of the East, that the
rich people keep servants stationed at their gates
to beat off, during famines, the poor starving
wretches, whose cries would break in on their
happiness. " God tempers the wind to the shorn
istith,", and he tempers also the heart of an Irish
Peer to withstand Irish distress. It would be
unfortunate, indeed, if an Irish Peer were to be
sensible to the distress which surrounds him.—
Jupiter, in. the fable, makes the hide .of the. ass
thick, to enable him to bear the blows-of man.
NQ doubt Lord Limerick could have ascertaipeg,
if be,had chosen, whethr, t,hose pers.:is
Dr., Doyle describes as dying on their- bellies on
the. ground,. in order to mitigate the sufferings
froM hunger,' died from downright starvation, or
froM the diseases, caused by
,insufficiency of food. But what- inducements had he to do so ? Or,
rather, howanany inducements had he not to do
so? A great English moralist, Dr. Adam smith,
observes, that the dissipated-and the gay, " turn
away their eyes from the poor man, or if the extre-
mity of his distress forces them to look at him, it is
only to spurn so disagreeable an object from
among them. The fortunate and the proud won-
der at the insolence of human wretchedness, that
it shovld dare to present itself before them, and
with the loathsome aspect of its misery, presume to
disturb the serenity of their happiness." We
do not wonder, then, that Lord Limerick, having
in such perfection the happy faculty of abstract-
in from the, consideration of the distress
which surrounds him, shollld deprecate all at-
tempts to remedy the evil, by legislative measures.
tut the Earl of Darnley would seem to have
acquirm, fi'oin' his English education, certain
habits, which by no means allow him to sit so
easy Under the consideration of what may be the
sufferings of the people in a country of which
he is also a great landowner. " HQ agreed that
the Poor Laws, as they existed.in England, could
not be introduced into Ireland; but he could not
agree that, in a civilized country, the poor shouldbe
left to die without • At any notice • •
pre-
sent, the poor of Ireland were suffering very great
distress, and many of them had, he believed,
perished of huntr.".
We verily believe that the
views of Lord arnley are generally shared by
that class of Proprietors who are absentees from
having also estates in England, and who would
willingly atone for their invoilunan fitolt. of ab_
senteeism by consenting to any feasible measure
for the relief of the poor. Lord ltedeadale was
afraid " that were a system of Poor Laws intro-
duced, it would destroy all industry among the
people. The best mode of relieving the Poor
of Ireland, would be to introduce a better system
of fanning, to abolish small farms, and have a
body of farmers like those of England." But,
ri Lord Reeleadala aware, that the reason why a
large farmer cultiiates tc greater
fire advantage than
small farmers, like those
.Is,
ht.h at he
economises labour ? His Lordship has title.
from one of the dales of the northern extremity

of England. In his neighbourhood, a farm of
500 acres is cultivated with not more than one-
fifth of the hands employed in the cultivation
of 500 acres, in the greatest part of Ireland.—
Now, we would fain ask his Lordship, how
he is to reconcile the two objects, of
cul-
tivating the lands with a greatly reduced num-
ber of hands ; and keep the persons actually in
existence from starving ? Something more, then,
than the mere increasing the size of the farms is ne-
cessary in Ireland. The increase of the size of farms
is a consequence, rather than a cause, of the pros-
perity of a country. In England the farms were, at
no remote period, small, as they now are in Ireland,
and the throwing several farms into one is a process
which has been going on even in our own days in
many districts. The process commenced in Nor-
folk, Suffolk, and Essex, the counties which were
first improved, and where the farmers were conse-
quently first in the possession of capital. But are
the poor of Ireland to be left to devour each other,
and the landlords to be freed from all responsibility
respecting them, till the farms have all'been made
large, as in England, and till the people, thrown out
of their possessions, and who cannot be employed
under an improved agriculture, are all killed off, or
disposed of in manufacturing towns, which are yet
to be formed, before a system of Poor Laws shall be
devised ? England had Poor Laws when its farms
were small, and it has Poor Laws now that its
farms are large; and we are persuaded that the Poor
Laws have contributed to the improvement of the
country, by forcing the higher orders to attend to
the conditions of the people, and to promote
their improvement in order themselves to preserve
their incomes. We could show, from numerous in-
stances in the domestic history of this country, that
the Poor Laws actually compelled the landlords and
their stewards to exert themselves in promoting the
improvement of their tenantry, by familiarising them
with improved processes, and exciting a spirit of
emulation among them. He who neglected hisestates
found the prod uce swalloNied up byPoors'ltates.As the
love of indolence is natural to mankind, the Trish landholder,
if not compelled by necessity, will never concern himself
with the the drudgery of improving his tenants, but aban-
don them as at all times past, to drivers, extorting a large
income from wretches whose numbers force them to com-
pete with each other, and to accept of land on terms which
leave them what would be deemed a subsistence in no
other country than Ireland. Lord Redesdale tell, us,
that administering relief by voluntary contributions, "was
the general practice in Scotland, but in some places com-
pulsory rates had been introduced, and they had been fol-
lowed, he understood, by unfavourable consequences."—
So far from having been followed by unfavourable conse-
quences, that part of Scotland in which rates were first
introduced, namely, the vale of the Tweed, is the moat
prosperous, and the labourers are there better off, and cer-
tainly far better housed, than in any other part of Scot-
land. Compulsory assessments have, in fact, regularly
followed this progress of improvement, and were every
where introduced, not from choice, but because they were
indispensible. The districts of Scotland, where the com-
pulsory rates prevail, do not complain of them, but they
complain bitterly of the inconvenience they suffer from
Ireland, and the districts which are without compulsory
rates. "Of late years (says the intelligent Mr. Wilson,
in his History of Hawick, -inted in 1825), the number
of travelling beggars that infested this town was incredible.
Like the Arabs or Tartars, these miserable beings travel-
led in hordes; and some days not fewer than
forty or fifty were seen levying contributions, in
regular order, upon all strangers—the poor belonging to
the town being otherwise provided for ; and, what is ra •
ther singular, the whole of these trading-mendicants, a
very few excepted, are from Ireland, Dumfriesshire, Kirk-
cudbrightshire, and Galloway. The proximity of Hawick
to Dumfriesshire, from which beggars are disembogued
annually in thousands, is a serious .matter; so much so,
that the receptacles for these strollers in this place have
been at times so fully crammed, as to alarm the neighbour-
hood, and the town officers have occasionally had to drive
them from their lodgings at night by scores. Whether the
evil in these south-western countries of Scotland is gene-
rated by the poverty of the conntry—the long-established
habits of the people—the defective administration of the
Magistrates—the proximity of wretched Ireland; or to
these causes' nnited—that multitudes of begging emigrants
issue from these counties yearly, to the annoyance of other
place., is certain. A Gentleman of Hawtcronce asked
one of these poor creatures, if all the people o her parish
did not travel at times? ' No, Sir,' was the reply, the
Minister never leaves the place.' Such are the conse-
quences of trusting to voluntary charity !—Poverty is in-
eeparable from human existence, and the well-being/4LN°-
eiety demands that it should display itself in mandicanoyd
Even the prosperous State of New York has, we see,
nearly as great a number of poor as those parts of England
which have not suffered from the mal-administration.of tbe-
Poor Laws. According to a statement in a late paper, the;
poor supported by rates in the State of New York, amount
to between 22,000 and 23,000.—Morning Chronicle.

It appears, by an account just printed by order
of the House of Commons, that the amount of
Poor Rates in England and Wales, for one
year, ending the 26th March, 1826, was
6,966,1561. Bs. It is added, that from ninety
places, but in which the assessments are incon-
siderable in amount, no returns have been lEfr
ceived ; so that the total sum, therefore, May
fairly be taken in gross figures at about
7,000,000/. Of this fractional amount, as above
stated, the sum , derived from land is stated
to be 4,795,4811. 16s. ; from dwelling-houses,
1,814,2281. 3s. ; from mills, factories, &c.,
259,564/. 135.; and from manorial profits,
.96,881/. 16s. It is a mistake, however, to sup-
pose, that this seven millions is actually raised
and given to the poor ; though it is probable that
if the amount
.of public and private charity, in-
cluding the revenues of hospitals, &c., were as•
-
certained, the real amount so applied 'would be
found to be upwards of ten millions, or somel
thing like an average of one pound per head upon
the whole population, young and old. This ac-
count, however, if analyzed, would be found to
include the County Rates, which, probably, are
not less than 1,000,000/. It includes in many
cases both the Church and Highway Rates; in
all cases it includes law expences, and a multi-
tude of others—such as, in London and else-
where, the whole system of vestry-jobbing, &c. ;
and it includes above all, as Mr. Hume very
justly observed the other night, in the House,
a large and incalculable sum in the shape of
wages, which ought never to have been
paid from such a source. This account, how-
ever, as it stands, exhibits the land as pay-
ing nearly five-sevenths of the whole.—
An amount which strikes us as astonishingly and
disproportionably great ; an impression which is
confirmed by referring to some of the items. We
will take the county of Sussex as an instance. This
is a small county, and abounds, we believe, with
poor land. It is from this county that instances
have been mentioned in Parliament of the Poor
Rates, in some agricultural parishes, exceeding the
rental of the whole property ; and as instances where
forced emigration has been on that account recom-
mended. Let it be remembered too, that this county
*hounds along its whole coast with watering places,
and
,others of fashionable resort, making the value of
houses, Bce,
proportionably great. Yet how stands
the amount of this impost in the county of Sussex ?
Why,that the total of the Poor Rates for the above
year was 262,131/. 75., of which the land produced
214,3041. 15.; houses 42,7521. 25.; mills, Brc.
4,609/. 12s. ; and manorial profits, 4651. 12s. Many
while others might be
referred to, furnish a
other instances would, if
similar result, including Somerset, Sir Thomas
scounty
that a eon— ry
Lethbri
pointed .!.-a and more
equal principle prevails in some, as in the county of
jgouet'swhoiwchn
Warwick, for instance, where the land is in general
extremely good, but where the rate derived from
land is 94,8421. 6s. and that from houses (including
of course,. tine immense town of Birmingham) is
49,3921. 14s. Even in the small county of Mid-
dlesex, the land is rated at more than one-sixth of
th• whOle, and:at as much as that in the whole county of.
'Hereford_ We wonder that this' view of the subject has
' never been taken and insisted upon by the landed interests,

wile, were they to do away witti diVitorninable syttero
established and persisted in among themselves, of pervert-
ing the Poor Rates to the payment of labour, and were to
insist upon the charges being more equally borne by all
description of productive property, would soon experience
a great diminution of their own part of the burden, and
would no longer bear the odium of thus taxing the staff of
life. It is a mistake, however, to suppose that the Poor
Rate is the only burden falling exclusively upon land. The
tithe must in its nature be considered so too, and would be
so considered, we have no doubt, were not the principal
land-owners also lay impropriators, and in some way or
another interested, on the one hand, in the very burden
they would otherwise recoil at.—Morning Herald.
Mr. Hume seems inclined to take the Fo-
reign Department under his peculiar care ; but
we fear that he will find it dangerous to buzz too
much about Mr. Canning's ears. The econo-
mical Member assures us, that he could find men
who would do for one or two .thousand a year
what now costs us eight or ten thousand pounds.
What then ? This is only a portion of that sys-
tem of nonsense which would do away with a
King, because a President, or Consul, or a Di-
rector, or a Protector, or a Liberator, would be
satisfied with a less allowance than is required to
support the splendour of a Court ; and which
would abolish the hierarchy of our Church, be-
cause a Curate might be hired at 1001. a-year t o
perform the bodily labours imposed on a Bishop
or Archbishop. The man may imagine, when
he is uttering such stuff, that he is disseminating
striking novelties. Miserable mistake. He is
merely repeating the nauseous common-place
absurdities, which `have been in the mouth of
every pot-house reformer for the last half cen-
tury. The Americans, he says, find able-bodied
strong-winded, serviceable Ambassadors, for two
thousand a-year. Why, they find Judges at
SOO/. or 400/. a-year ; and, according to this
mode of talking (we do not call it reasoning) the
condemnation of Joseph Hume must go forth
against our twelve Judges with no less bitter-
ness than against our Envoys and Plenipo-
tentiaries. If there is any branch of the public
service, in which the remuneration is more scanty
than in another, we should say that it is in our di-
plomacy. The allowances made to our Ministers
at Foreign Courts are not more than adequate to
meet their proper and necessary expences; and how
those expenses are to be reduced we have yet to
learn. Who ever heard of a fortune being made by
diplomatic gains ? What prudent man, not pos-
sessed of an independent fortune, would, as a source
of profit, select diplomacy as his profession ? It is,
perhaps, to be lamented, that the circumstances
connected with her diplomatic service are not such
as to induce many to devote themselves to that ca-
reer, in the hope of future eminence and advance-
ment : for the chance of excellence is always greatly
augmented, as the number of those who strive to
attain it becomes greater. Hundreds devote many
of their best years to the..study of the law, induced
by the prospect of the wealth, which, at a distant
period, it may bring them. There is no similar mo-
tive to excite numbers to acquire that varied
and extensive knowledge, which those, who have
the conduct of the foreign relations of a country, should
either possess themselves, or at least have at their torn-
mond. The complaints which are made of the increase of
our diplomatic expences, betray a total want of candour.
Every body knows that the circle of our diplomatic con-
nections has, of late years; been widely enlarged—even
Joseph Hume might have been aware, that, to maintain
Embassies in Brazil, Buenos Ayres, Colombia, and Mexico,
must occasion a considerable outlay, which cannot fail to
be further increased by the necessity of hSving official
agents even in those countries to which we have not yet
dispatched accredited Ministers. But facts like these are
to be kept in the back ground, in order that some pretext
may be furnished for tho vituperationa of men who see
nothing but good in themselves, and nothing but bad in
ether people.—New Times.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF CHANCERY, MARcx 5197

IN THE MATTER OF THE ASHST-DE-LA-ZOIICH SCHOOL.

This was a petition, the object of which wase char
in sub-
stance, stance, to remove four of the present trustees of the
and have others appointed. The circumstances upon which
the petition was grounded, as stated by Mr. Horne, were
these ;—ln 1822, the situation of English (or second)
master having become vacant in this school, two candi-
dates, named Ainop and Claytokoffered themselves to the
trustees, who referred them to the Rev. Dr. Sleath, for
his opinion of their qualificatietts. Dr. Sleath pronounced
in favour of Arnop, notwithatanding which, the majority
of the trustees elected Claytone yn 1825, however, it was
discovered that he bad been convicted at the Nottingham
Assises, in 1816, of grand larceny, he having stolen a
quantity of stockings and other property from a shop-
keeper named Swan, to whom he had been apprenticed,
for which he was sentenced to two years' imprisonment
in the House of Correction. Before that period had ex-
pired, however, a conspiracy was entered into by seve-
ral of the prisoners to murder the gaoler, to which
Clayton was a party, and bound himself, with the others,
by a solemn oath, not to divulge their plan, or betray
any of its anthors.• He did, nevertheless, convey intima-
tion of the conspiracy to the gaoler, who, in return for so
important a service, petitioned the Secretary of State for
Clayton's pardon, which was accordingly granted, and lie
was discharged from prison in 1817. When he presented
himself as a candidate for the vacancy in the Ashby school,
is 1822, he produced testimonials in his favour from thite
reverend clergymen, in the respective schools of two of
whom he was stated to have given great satisfaction as
English teacher for a period of two years in east). The
third described him as having had his brother-in-law under
his charge as pupil, and recommended him in strong terms.
Upon the discovery of his former character taking place, it
was proposed by Mr. M'Dowall, one of the trustees, and
agreed to by the petitioner (Mr. Pilkiugton) and others,
that he should be paid a quarter's salary and discharged ;
but the four defendants subsequently opposed his dismis-
sal, and he consequently retained his situation down to the
present moment. Besides the stain upon his character,
Dr. Curtis, the head master, represented' Clayton as a
very ignorant man, and unfit for his situation, he having
occasionally altered words from good Telling to bad spel-
ling, and from good grammar to bad grammar, in the
children's exercise books, some of which were produc-i.
Mr. Horne commented strongly upon these facts, and con-
tended. that the defendants had abused-their trust, in re-
taining a man of each character as this was hi a situation
where his example *mild naturally be looked up to by
-those children of whose mind and principles he was to
assist ire the-formation. -With respect-tq lie testimonials
with which lie had been famished, from what he knew of
the respectability of the parties whose names were attached
to them, he was satisfied that these names were forgeries.
Mr. WAILEFIELD followed on the same side.

Messrs STIADWELL and SUGDISY contended that the
present petition proceeded from hostility towards the de-
fendants, rather than from any anxiety to promote the in-
terests of the charity, otherwise the petitioner would not
have lain by from October 18'22, when the discovery of
this man's conviction had taken place, down to IS2h,
when he thought proper to present a petition. The ques-
tion was not whether his Lordship would or teoeld not
dismiss Clayton, to which, although the petition did not
pray for that, the defendant could have no possible (Nee-
tion, if hi. Lordship deemed him an unfit person to retain
his situation, but whether or not these trustees were to he
removed for having retained him in it under the foregoing
circumstances. The learned counsel argued that no ease
was made out to support the prayer of this petition.
The Loeb CIIANCELLOIty after stating the necessity, in
point of form, to have the infant visiter (the Marquis of
Hastings) present, by his guardian, before he could fi-
nally decide upon the petition, observed, that this case
placed him in a painful situation. He was called Upon to
displace these trustees, for appointing this individual as a
master in the school, at the same time that it would
be most unjust to take any step against the anut"
himself, who was not here to defend himself. Ile had
no hesitation in saying that his original appointment would
have been most improper, if his former character were
known at the time. Cod forbid, however, that any man
was to be hunted down through life because he had been
once guilty of transgressions against the laws of society, if
he afterwards reformed and atoned for his former fault. by
a subsequent well-spent life. But then there were some
situation, which an individual so circumstanced was not
calculated to fill. Now it was quite impossible that the
circumstance of this person having, at one time in his life
taken an oath to murder the gaoler of the prison in which
he was confined, should be henceforth unknown to the boys
placed under his care, or that such knowledge could pars

tlirotigh their minds without leaving injurious centequenees
behind. Was he, then a fit person to hold this situation ?
This, however, was a question for the trustees, and not
him (the Lord Chancellor), to answer ; he was before
them, and not before this Court. His Lordship added,
that be would be glad to know how this person obtained
an introduction to the first of these clergymen by whom he
had been employed, and his release from imprisonment;
because, if there was any misrepresentation in that instance,
all the subsequent introduction which naturally followed
from the first were tainted by it. He would read over the
affidavits, and although he did not think they were suffi-
cient to justify the removal of theie trustees, the perusal
might suggest something which would benefit the charity.

INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, MARCH 29.
William Benbow, the bookseller, who was before the
Court, and underwent a long examination, on the lath inst.
was brought up for re-hearing.
On the former occasion the insolvent was opposed by
Mr. 'Potr.ocK, on behalf of Mr. Warburton and several
other creditors, when it appeared to the Court that the in-
solvent's property, consisting principally of printed books,
had been disposed of to- his mother-in-law, and not ac-
counted for in a manner which was deemed satisfactory to
the opposing creditors. He was therefore remanded, and
ordered to produce a catalogue of the stock on the premises
at the time the distresses for rent were put iu, and also an
account of the value.

[So far as Mr. Warburton's opposition went, (the insol-
vent having made a proper apology for publishing Mr. Mit-
ford's book upon the metropolitan madhouses, for which
Mr. Warburton brought his action, and obtained a verdict
of 5001. damages.) the opposition was withdrawn.]
A paper was this day put in, more in the shape of an in-
ventory than a speeific catalogue, as required. A long dis-
cussion therefore arose upon its merits. Among the items
were the following :—" Brown's _Dictionary, and 138
other books," at an aggregate 811111......" Simpson's Conic
Sections, and 39 others," were put down in the same way.
After a long discussion, in which the Commissioner, Mr.
HARRIS, repeatedly expressed his opinion that the insolvent
had not complied with the order of the Court, the insol-
vent was remanded to prison till he shall furnish a satisfac-
tory account.
Mr. Augustus Low, of the Colombian service. who
had been before the Court on several previous occasions, was
brought up and discharged forthwith.
The insolvent appeared in a state of great debility, he
having for a long time suffered considerable pain, on ac-
count of the impossibility of extracting several balls which
were lodged in his body when he was in Colombia.