The Sun.
London, England, 1842-02-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, FEBRUARY 19, 18.41,.

having to export bullion in seasons of distress. The Noble
Lord who had just "sat down alluded to the great
advantage of having foreign corn when this country
sto xi in need of it. At the same time, if countries
in the same degree of latitude and longitude were similarly
affected, as no doubt tney might be, if the commerce of this
country was extended, the probability was that when there
were bad harvests in this country, there might be good harvests
in other countries, not in the same latitude; and therefore the
people of England Would have a better chance of deriving ad.
vantage from theist—( Hear)—under every circumstance he
felt that the greatest advantages would result to this country
from the'unqualified repeal of the Corn-laws —( Cheers.) He
considered them most obnoxious and detrimental to the interests
of England.—( Cheers from the Opposition benches.) England
was al w ays,pre-eminent in science, pre-eminent in indu,try,
and pre-eminent in power; if the Parliament now by this
measure crippled the energies of the 'people by interfering
with their industry in that way, ha (Mr. Elphinstone) feared
very much that the country would be deeply affected by it, and
fall under the withering blight of a restricted commerce.
Mr. G. BEATHCOTE, after some prefatory observations,
said that it became the duty of the House to do the best that
was possible under existing circumstances, and to do all in
their power to promote the agricultural interest of the country,
or, at all events, to make th best terms they could, in order
that those great and important interests should be as little in-
jured as possible.—( Hear, hear.) He believed the question
mooted by the Hon. Member for Wolverhampton (Mr. Vil-
liers), was an exceedingly wide one, and he believed that many
Honourable Members in the course of the debate, had
entered upon the consideration of many topics remotely
connected with the subject of the Corn-laws. However,
he (Mr. Heathcote) would state his opinions candidly,
and he intreated the attention of the House to them
before they arrived at a decision of the measure which the
Right Hon. Baronet had brought under their consideration.
He (Mr. Heathcote) wished to make one observation with
reference to his vote the night before last upon the amena-
ment proposed by his Noble Friend the Member for London.
He (Mr. Heathcote) had always expressed his opinion against
any fixed duty on corn.— (Cheers from the Ministerial
benches.) He looked upon a fixed duty as an absolute injury
to the landed proprietors, and, in fact, he considered it a much
lower duty than the present one. A fixed duty was always
either too high or too low. When corn was law the duty was
injurious to one class, and when it was high it offered a most
unfair impediment to the introduction of foreign corn, so far
as the consumer was concerned; it appeared to him better
both for the consumer and the producer if a gradual relaxa-
tion were adopted than if a fixed duty were imposed. He
wished to say a few words with reference to the Right Hon.
Baronet. All that Right Hon. Gent. appeared to him (Mr.
Heathcote) to prove was, that there should he no alteration at
all in the Corn-laws. The Right Hon. Gentleman said that
he did not think the alteration he proposed would give any
material relief or mitigation to the distress which
was unfortanately prevalent in the country, and Lord Melbourne,
the head of the late Government, had said the same thing—
( Hear, hear)—in. fact, everything that had fallen from the
Right Hon. Baronet in the course of the discussion went to
show that inati.ad of any alteration being made in the Corn-
laws, they should be left as they are.—( Hear, hear.) Howeser
it was perhaps useless for him (Mr. Ileathccte) to speak of
things which had gone by. The great object of an alteration
in the Corn-laws was to have an alteration in the averages.
Upon the subject of wheat, probably, there was not so much
dissatisfaction entertained with respect to the proposed mea-
sure, but with reference to barley and oats, he was convinced
there was the greatest dissatisfaction, and his principal object
in rising to address the House, was to ascertain '
whether something could not be done by her Majesty's
illidaters, or some changes made with reference to the duly
upon those articles. He was the more anxious to do that, as
h;s Noble Friend, the Member for Lincolnshire, had stated
that a great quantity of wheat above the maximum stated by
the Right Honourable Baronet had come into the market, but
the proportions of barley and oats were totally different. Now,
the maximum fir oats was only Bs. He found that the quan-
tity of oats which came in at various periods oSa particular year
which he stated was 554,000 quarters at 7s. 9d. a quarter,
193,000 quarters at 9s. a quarter, 467,000 quarters at Bs. a
quarter, and 166,000 quarters at 12s. a quarter. Now, the
maximum duty was only Bs., and what he feared was the
result which must arise from having a large surplus
quantity when the harvests were favourable all over the world,
would be similar results to those which happened in 1822 and
1823 would arise in seasons of distress. He wished to warn

the Right Hon. Baronet of those results, and it was with a
view to anticipate them if possible, that he had then called the
attention of the House to the subject. In the first instance
he wished to call attention to the prices of corn in Denmark.
The Right Hon. Baronet seemed to be somewhat aware that
when he was replying to the Hon. Member for Bolton,
that he was answering too much, and that he was
actually breaking a hole in his own case.—(Hear, hear.)
The fact was so, and though the Right Honourable
.Baronet
had fairly stated the report, he had not stated the entire of
the circumstances. He (Mr. Heathcote) found, by the papers
which he then held in his hand, that the prices of corn in
Denmark were so extremely, low, that he hesitated to think
they were correct ; he could not think that there could be
such a disparity of prices as he found in those papers. In his
opinion, it would have been better if the prices were taken not
for several years, but a series of prices for several parts or dis-
tricts of a country ; and now, as he had the authority of the
Right Hon. Baronet for stating that those papers were correct,
he would state to the House their contents as bearing upon the
present subject. He found that the average price of corn in
Denmark, for the last twenty-five years, was very
variable ; and, as he was upon that subject, he
might then observe, that, though the freight of corn
from that country was between 3s. and 3s. 6d. In fact corn
could be had from Denmark as cheap as from any place else .on
the opposite shores. Now the average price of wheat there
for the last twenty-five years was 28a. a quarter ; barley, 14s.
a quarter ; and oats only 10s. a quarter. He had also found
that the average price for the last seven years, so far from
being 28s. a quarter for wheat, was only 255. a guarter.—
( Hear.) He thought 3s. difference in the average price of
corn within that period, if Hon. 'Gentlemen would only make
a calculation upon it, would destroy all the calculations and Ce-
ductions made upon the other side (the Ministerial
side), and throw them into a dilemma out of
which it would be utterly impossible for them to
get.-(Cheers.) There was no great difference in the average
prices for the last seven years except that barley was Is.
cheaper than for the 25 years, and oats were something
about the same thing. In 1824 he found that the price of
wheat in Denmark was 16s. a quarter, barley Bs. a quarter, and
oats only 6s. a quarter. In 1825 wheat was 17s. a quarter,
barley 9s. a quarter, and oats 7s. a quarter. Would aay one
say that that was an accidental or a casual circumstance? In the
seven years that followed 1821 he found that the average
price of wheat in Denmark was only 18s. a quarter, barley
10s. a quarter, and oats only Bs. a quarter. Now he would
take this opportunity of asking the Honourable Baronet
opposite whether he had calculated those averages ? whether
he had anticipated them, and was prepared to deal with them? If
the Right Hon. Baronet had not done so, the measure he pro-
posed certainly required revision.—( Hear, hear.) When he
(Mr. Heathcote) looked at all those things, he felt himself fully
justified in hesitating before he gave his acquiescence to the
Right Hon. Baronet—(Hear, hear)—still, more should he
hesitate to support his Noble riend, the Member for London,
and a thousand times more should he feel himself justified in.
giving all the opposition in his power to the motion of his Hon.
Friend, the Member for Wolverhampton.—( Cheers. )
Thirty or forty years ago the labourers of this country eat the
blackest and coarsest barley and rye bread ; now they eat the
best wheaten bread. The Honourable Member for Yorkshire
the other day stated the same fact; he (Mr. Heathcote) heard
with pleasure the Honourable Member for Wigan confirm the
statement, and he was delighted to think that even in Bucking-
hamshire this state existed. He (Mr. Heathcote) believed that
the people of England were not in so bad a condition as had
been represented. He would wish Honourable Gentlemen to
take care then how they meddled with the people's condition.
If they lowered their rents the master manufacturers must take
less profits.—( Hear, hear.) They must not enter into a com-
petition by low wages with the manufacturers of the Continent.
He thought they should look more to America for a supply of
corn than to the northern nations of Europe, because we could
export much manufactures to America, whilst they exported
very little to the north of Europe. For this statement
he had the authority of Mr. Van Buren, the late Pre-
sident of the United States; and Lord Melbourne had since
repeated it in his place in the House of Lords. Besides,
with regard to America, he did not see how it happened that
they were afraid of the manufacturers of America, when they
(the Americans) paid such high wages. It was natural we
should buyl where we could get things cheapest— that we
should, therefore, go to America for corn ; but we should take
care how we reduced our own growth of corn, and depended too
much upon foreign nations for supplies ; otherwise, ere the
meanest person in the kingdom could get a morsel of bread
we should have twice to cress the Atlantic. In America the
.price of corn had been sometimes higher than in England
—and what was to happen in the case of war ?—and he (Mr.
Heathcote) feared that there were parties in America who had
not the best feelings towards England—they would have nei-
ther cotton to spin nor bread to eat.—(Hear, hear.) And
with regard to Odessa, we should have plenty of corn thence
when we did not want it, but when we did want it we should
not get it, and he believed the same thing would be the case with
the nations in the north of Europe ; they would not allow
the exportation of corn in a season of difficulty. He
(Mr. H.) arrived;therefore, at the conclusion, that the cheapest
corn would be that which was grown at home.—( Cheers from
the Tories.) How were we to accomplish the grewth of suffi-
cient corn, however, with an increasing population? He did
not think Hon. Gentlemen opposite were aware of the great
improvements which bad lately taken place in England.—
(" Hear, hear." from Ministers.) And not only that, but the
agriculturist himself had greatly improved ; to the sound prin-
ciple and firm integrity of his fathers, he adds intelligence.—
(Hear.) And he (Mr. Heathcote) believed—he would say it,
though it might appear strong language—that there was hardly
a field in the country which did not produce more food, and
produce for man, than it did fifty years ago.—( Hear.) He
thought, therefore, that this country would still produce plenty
for the population. —(Hear, hear.)
Mr. LEADER commenced in an inaudible tone of voice.
There was one remark of the Hon. Gentleman's speech to
which he would allude. He said that agriculture had so much
improved of late years that we had no idea of what land would
now produce. if that were the case he (Mr. L.) thought there
was less pretence for protection to land.—( Hear.) He
agreed with the Hon. Gentlemen who had just sat down only
in one point, viz. in his opposition to the fixed duty of Lord
John Russell. He (Mr. Leader) was much amused by the
speech of the Noble Lord the Member for Heriford. One of
the Noble Lord's authorities was George Frederick Young.
Certainly when a Member of that House, a very respectable
one, but one who was never considered a very certain autho-
rity on any subject, and it must be remembered that he some-
times voted on one side and sometimes on the other side of
the House.—(No, no.) 'I he Noble Lord had also quoted from
a speech of Lord Fitzwilliam's, delivered 25 or 26 years ago,
and referred to what Sir H. Parnell had said 36 years ago.—
(" Hear," and laughter.) The Noble Lord should have quoted
what had been said by these Hon. personages lately, now
that their judgment was matured by experience, and he should
not have quoted from what they said when they were young
men. He (Mr Leader) had also been much amused by
what he said of the Noble Lord the Member for Tiverton,
telling us that in 1828 he had voted against the
Corn-laws. This only showed that that Noble Lord had be-
come a convert to a sound principle, and he (Mr. Leader)
wished there were a few more of the same sort.—( Hear,
hear.) Hon. Gentlemen opposite were much mistaken as to the
wishes and feelings of the people with regard to the Corn-laws.
They fancied that because the people had interrupted certain
public meetings, and wished to obtain _something. previous to
the Corn-laws, that they were in favour of the Corn-laws.
He (Mr. Leader) did not believe this. He knew, from his
own experience, that they were decidedly and most strenuously
opposed to those laws.—( Hear, hear.)
heleygbisellaiteivoeit'l that they should soon
ds
he
er edd these
getes e
arTilietyhecyonwsii
which were the result of class
ricl
then
get
fpgret oht caretieds.l
oedf first,
hf rboosemec
aeuvsiel classlawst
legislation. He believed the working men had too much sense,
and knowledge of political economy, to have fallen into the
error ascribed to them. He believed they knew well
what had been stated by Franklin, seventy years ago,
that al Acts passed for the restriction of trade, had
been either enacted by political plunderers, or were
passed by individuals for private objects, instead of from princi-
ples of public good.—( Hear, hear.) He (Mr. Leader) was
not present when his Honourable Colleague spoke the opinions
of Westminster. He (Mr. Leader) was sorry, he was unable
to attend ; it was out of no disrespect for his lion. Colleague, I
preventedthe Rghsto ;Hoynby ill-heath. His Hon.. Baronet might be suroe 1
but Colleague SI entabteedthat

- of the support of the respectable and substantial constjtueney
~ of Westminster. He (Mr. Leader) begged to assure the
Right Hen. Baronet, that if he took this opinion he would
form a very incorrect idea of the people of Westminster. He
(Mr. Leader) grieved to say that his Hon. Colleague had a
right to speak for one-half of the constituency; but though he
might claim monopoly on a great many points, lie could not
claim a monopoly of the constituency of Westminster.—
(Cheers.) Of those who supported him (Captain Rous)
he (Mr. Leader) believed there were many who did not ap-
prove of the Right Hon. Baronet's plan, whilst -of those who
supported him (Mr. Leader) he believed there were very,
very few, who approved of it at all. Out of a prpulation of
200,000 in Westminster there were only 10,000 electors ; and
of that unrepresented mass there were very few indeed
but would condemn the Right Honourable Baronet's
plan, and support the proposition of his Honourable
Friend the Member for Wolverhampton. There had been a
great deal said on the other side in blame of the agitation that
had been used against the Corn-laws. He (Mr. Leader)
shold like to know whether Hon. Gentlemen condemned it
only on the ground of agitation,
or because it happened to be
agitation against their favourite system ?—(Hear.) Beside,
he would ask, what had the great body of unrepresented peitP'
pie to do but to agitate? The counties were almost entirely
in the hands of their opponents, and in towns the same was the
case, owing to the immense prevalence of bribery and corrup-
tion. He did not mean to say that bribery and corruption
were on one side of the House only; but he meant to say that
money and property generally carried the election.—( Cheers. )
Ihe petitions of the people were not fairly treated or listened
to.—(Cheers from the Tories.) He was glad Honourable
Gentlemen opposite cheered at what he had stated. It
only showed that the people having nothing left them, could
not but agitate. But was the agitation all on this side?
Had not Gentlemen opposite been agitating against the ma-
nufacturers ?—(Hear, hear, hear.) For his (Mr. Leader's)
part, he had never heard a more fierce, inveterate speech
than the one made by the Hon., Gentleman the Member for
Knaresborough against the manufacturers.—(Cheers.) That
Hen. Gentleman always spoke as if he were actually in earnest
and he (Mr. Leader) like to hear a man speak as if he were in
earnest ; but really he would ask that Hon. Gentleman if he,
were seriously in earnest in the positive charges he brought
against some of the manufacturers the other night?—(Mr.
Ferrand—Entirely.") Then if he were in earnest he (Mr.
Ferrand) was bound in honour to prove it, either by way of
Committee or other satisfactory manner. It was against ma-
nufacturers generally.—(No.) Ho would ask were all these ma.
nufactures blood-stained and,bloodthirsty ?—(" No, no," from
Mr. Ferrand.) He would ask Hon. Gentleman opposite how
they liked the assertion of that Gentleman? He should think
the Right Hon. Baronet would rather have had his vote with-
out the „speech which accompanied it.—(Hear, hear.) He
(Mr. Leader) would thank the Hon. Gentleman the Member
for Knare,borough and the Noble Lord the Member for
Dorchester to look to the state of the agricultural la-
bourers in the south and south-west of England,
where they would find them starving on 6s. a-week. He
mentioned this, however, only to show that if the Anti-Corn-
law people had agitated against the agriculturists, they (the
agriculturists) had done the same thing with regard to manu-
facture, s.—( Hear, hear.) The Bill of the Right lion. Baronet
would not, it appeared, effect great alteration in the corn trade,
nor would it, as the Right Hon. Baronet had himself said, do
much good to the people. He was not eaing to read long ex-
tracts, nor to quote from blue books , that had been
so well done already, that it was not necessary for
him to do so, he did net require much to know
what suffering existed in the country. A great deal of
this misery must be attributed to our enormous tariff,
with its tremendous, interesting duties ; and it was kept up on
the basis of Potection of the landed interest, and the effect
was, that we could not take that from foreign countries which
they could supply better than ourselves, and they would not
take what we could supply better than they. The consequence
was, that foreign nations made their tariffs more exclusive
every year. Were Hon. Members opposite aware that the
Spanish Government had published a new tariff a few weeks
ago, by which 50 per cent. additional duty was placed
upon manufactured goods sent from England ? He (Mr.
Leader) went with several other gentlemen to wait
on Lord Ripon, to ask him if there were any chance of anything
being done to relieve the distress of the country ? They were
received by the Noble Lord with great courtesy and attention.
In fact he received them with as much attention as the Mem-
bers of the Cabinet had received the Ten Hours' Deputation
Bill. But he feared the result of the interview with Lord
Ripon would be as unsatisfactory as that of the Ten Hours' De-
putation. 'I hey were trying to make commercial treaties with
France, and Belgium, and Spain, but how could it be exrected
that those countries would enter into treaties with them, when,
they impeised such high duties on the productions of those coun-
tries ? How could they remonstrate with those countries, or
how could they speak to them of commercial regulations?
Would they not tell us to look to our own tariff, which
was the highest in Europe?—(Cries of " Hear, hear.)
He did not think the Spanish Government over wise in impos-
ing duties on our manufactures, and they would be deceived
if they cxi 'eted 'o obtain any revenue thereby. The effect
would be -uld raise an army of smugglers. He was
greatly sin -leeches of Hon. Gentlemen opposite,
who expri test dissatisfaction at the measure of
the Right He could not imagine what they
would be already got a large majority in the
House of they had a large majority in that
House—t' ion enough— more than enough--b'

the Bill of
had a Min

—DY
In. Baronet.— (Hear, hear.) They
Noble Lord, who sat near him, once

remarked, le to dress up a statement for the
House, an, ,resent occasion, was able to persuade
Hon. Ger sve that some good would result from
the Bill w. uced to the House.—( Hear, hear.)
He could not say if 'the S. landed gentry were pleased, but he
knew neither the manufacturers nor the people were.—( Hear. )
He thought one good, however, would result from that
Bill, becalse it would cause the middle classes to
unite with jot e working classes of the country.—( Hear, hear.).
The working classes seeing there were no expectations of jus-
lice from the present Parliament, would form a junction wills
the middle classes, and he hoped the latter would unite with
them in procuring a system of representation which would free
them ftorn the dominion of the landed interests—(Hear)—and
save thefn from the evils of class legislation.—( Cheers.) He
begged to thank the House for the patience with which they
heard him, and be would give his best support to the motion
of the Hon. Member for Wolverhampton.—(Cheers.)
Mr. MAIN WARING. who spoke in so low and hesitating
a tone that it was impossible to hear him distinctly, was un-

derstood to say that lie rose for the purpose of defending the
landed interest from the attacks of Hon. Gentlemen opposite.
The Hon. Member then referred to the state of his own neigh-
bourhood, and the distress existing there, but we could not
catch the precise application of his remarks. He believed the
Bill of the Hon. Member for Wolverhampton would be ruinous
to the country, and he would give him his most strenuous oppo-
sition. He did not think the people in general were in favour
of the Corn-laws, and most of the petitions presented to the
House came from Dissenting congregations.—(Cheers from
the Opposition.)
Mr. 11ROTHERTON said, that if some of his poor con-
stituents were present at the debate in that House, they would
be much surprised at the alarm felt by Hon. Members lest they
should have cheap bread.--( Hear, hear.) The speech of the
Hon. Member for Lincolnshire hail convinced him there was no
necessity for a Corn-law. The improvements in agriculture
had been so great that, according to that Hon. Member, they
had the means of raising corn as cheaply as any other country.
The Noble Lord, the Member for Hertford, had said that the
people had no grievances; but he (Mr. Brotherton) would
ask would they petition that House in such numbers if they
had no grievances to complain of ?—( Hear, hear.) He spoke
of the danger of exciting one class against another ; but he
(Mr. Brotherton) recollected he was once amused at hearing
the Hon. Member for Oxford stating " that he preferred quiet
error to unruly truth ;" and he supposed the Noble Lord was
now in some similar state.--( Hear, hear, and laughter.) The
Noble Lord stated that the Corn-laws were not productive of
evils, because corn was dearer at Amsterdam than in this country.
But, if he took a period of twenty years, he would find the
average price of corn in Amsterdam at, 30 per cent cheaper
than in this country.—( Hear, hear.) The Noble Lord also
alluded to Denmark, and the price of corn there, but corn was
cheaper by 30s. a quarter than in this country, and if that were
so, had not the people of England cause to complain ? He was
much surprised at hearing Hon. Member's complaining
of the cheapness of corn in this country.—(Hear, hear.)
They !mew that in the manufacturing districts the merchants
were bankrupt--the manufacturers all but ruined ; that trade
was paralysed, artizans unemployed, and great numbers of the
population starving. That state of things had been admitted
by the Right Hon. Baronet at the head of the Government;
but, from the various speeches he (Mr. Brotherton) had
heard from other Members, it appeared to him to have
been doubted ; and he, therefore, wished to bring
forward a few facts to show the state of the
particular district with which he was connected, knowing, as
the Noble Lord (bed Mahon) the Member for Hertford had
said, that one fact was worth a dozen assertions. He would
therefore beg leave to state that there was an investigation in
the Boroughs of Manchester and Salford in the December of
last year, and at that time it was found that there were 5,492
untenanted dwellings, 681 untenanted shops, and 116 mills, and
other places unoccupied, making in all 6,289 places un-
occupied, which if occupied would have produced a
rental of 100,0001. There then was a fact that must
convince any one of very considerable distress exist•
ing in that district. ' But let them consider what had been
said by Hon. Members, and compare with those statements
some facts respecting the depreciation of property. It was said
that mill-owners were very prosperous. In one case that he
knew of, there was machinery which cost 50,0001. ; it had been
worked upon an average about seven years; it had been valued
in July, 1841, at 21,5641. 193. ; and it had been sold in De-
cember, 1841, and January 1842, for 5,0001.—( Hear, hear.)
There was another case in the neighbourhood of Man-
chester, where property, which cost 120,0001., was sold for
36,0001. A third instance was that of a mill valued at
21,0001., and sold for 7,0001. Another case was where a mill
and machinery which cost 40,0001. was sold for 10,000/. Those
were facie which proved, what had been indeed abutted by
most persons, namely, that
.property had decreased in value
more than 30 per cent. Now what had been the case with re-
gard to the poor. The expenditure on the poor of Manchester
was in 1836, 24,2611., in 1841 it was 38,9381, in addition to pri-
vate subscriptions. The poor.rate of Salford was in 1636, 5,2021
in 1841 it was 17,4011. Again let them see what the effec,
of poverty was upon crime ; in 1831 the number of prisoners
New ilaipleleynwtyas; 11n0Wthe; -yinearlBl3B64lit,
to take their trials in the
a
year. °f
Thus, from the'year 1831 to
was 1,031 ; now that was
the number increased to 1,99 e•
1836, years of plenty, the increase was but 31, whereas •other
years
in
ainretsopeeshtion-ge
nearly double.
years the, increase was
the effects upon trade, there. had been an inquiryAgB29, their receipts
the receipts of shop-keep
s 1
making a decrease
of in their customers was
llositSoall.f3olrd,o
were 198,0001., in 113411hreerifein
67,0001' The higher clas-es
not among the middle or
classes Of but
among the
now bought only one penny--
members of the poorer f the community.
a loa
Those who used to buy
worth of tea, and a
worth of bread, a penny-.
penny-worth of
Ib took ab
sugar. The o
poor eole on out two-thirds ofTh the
bad een accustomed t
amount of provisionspthepytake. at
was the state in which the manufacturing •
districts were. Let
them compare that with matters appertaining to land. They
found that every quarter rents were rising and the value of land
increasing. Much had been said with respect to the
cause of the existing distress.in It had been stated that
it could not be attributed any degree to the operation
of the Corn-laws. The alarm of war in Europe—
the emigration of labourers from the agricultural to the manu-
facturing districts—the increase of machinery
I —over-productiop
—Joint-Stock Banks and specu st' ions—these were said to bfb
the causes which produced distress in the manufacturing dis-
tricts. The Right lion.
an .
Ilan:met seemed to think those
might have been the causes of the.. distress; yet they found
their exports were greater now previous years. It
could be clearly proved that Ifalling off was not in
our exports to foreign countries, but in our home
trade: In order that the House might see the enor-
mity of the injustice done to the British people in
compelling them to erg much more for food than
they ought, he would read another document, with regard
to the quantity of foreign wheat imported into this country for
home consumption. Since July, 1828, the number of quarters
were 14,866,000, and on an average the duty paid during those
thirteen years was ss. 7d. per quarter. From 'that he inferred
one important fact—namely, that there had not been a grain of
this wheat entered for home ncnsunintion at less than 70s.
per (matter. Now, what was the price of wheat on
the Continent during that term of years ? It was only
40s. Fourteen millions of quarters, at 17. e. pee quarter,
was 51,803,8101., and if they had a free trade in corn the
arneunt would have been only 29,601,7124 The average price .

of wheat for the last ten years had been 57-sa and the -general
cost. 513,000,000 a If wheat had been in this country during
those ten years at the saine price as it had been on the Continent
the amount would hate been 312,000,0001., thus making ,a
to the consumers in this country during ten years of
171,000,0001. He (Mr. 13rotherton) could therefore account
for the Corn-laws producing the present distresse-It• was
owing to the people having to pay so much more for their food
than they would have to pay if they had a tree trade. Instead
of the distress being attributed to the various causes to which
it had been assigned by Hon. Gentlemen opposite, it was really
to be attributed to the high price of food caused by the Corn-
laws. If the grain exported had yielded as much to the spinner,
Merchant, and artisan, for their labour as they did in 1815,
it would have amounted to 12,340,6471.; whereas, the sum
actually received was only 3,084,098/. The manufacturers had
2s. Id. per pound for working, after deducting the raw material
in 1815, and in 1841 they had only bid. In calicoes, what
cost 15s. in 1815, could be purchased in 1841 for ss. 6d.
--( Hear, hear.) Here, then, was the cause of the
distress which existed in the manufacturing interest.
But what was the fact with regard to the agricultural
interest ? Since 1815 there had been many improve-
ments in the land, which. had greatly increased its power of
:production ; yet there had been no decrease in the price of
bread. Thus the nsanufactura's gave three pieces of calico in
1840 for the same quantity of wheat whitc they obtained in
1815 for one; and while all the improvements in agriculture
were applied for the exclusive benefit of the agricultural
interests, all the improvements in machinery were ap-
plied for the benefit of the public.—(Hear, hear.)
\\T he, then, to consider that the improvements
in machinery had inflicted an injury upon the country?
By no means; although the price of manufactures had been
so much lowered, their declared value was three times as
great as in 1815; and a much greater number of persons had
been employed notwithstanding the reduction. Hon. Mem-
bers had supposed that the destruction of machinery would be
an advantage to the country. Let them look to Ireland,—
( Hear, hear. ) In that country corn was much cheaper than
in England ; but beeause manufactures were not in a thriving
condition, and wages were low, the people were not benefited
by the cheapness of corn. In Ireland. too, there was plenty of
competition for farms, but there was not sufficient employment
for the people. He would ask, then, what they meant to do
with those who could not obtain employment ? Did they mean
to starve them to death? Did they mean, like Pharaoh and
Herod, to kill the people.—( Hear, hear, from.the Opposition,
and suppressed laughter from the Ministerial Benches.) They
could not employ them in agriculture because the improvements
in agriculture tended *ether ti increase than to decrease the
agricultural population.—(Cries of " No, no," from the Minis-
terial side of the House.) He affirmed on good authority that
such was theieinevitable tendency. A great deal had been
said about machinery having the effect of displacing a
great number of hands. That was a complete fallacy.
The population of Lancashire in 1779 was about 350,000 per-
sons, in 1841 it was 16,677,334. In 1770 not more than 60,000
persons were employed in the cotton trade ; in 1836 it was
computed that there were 1,600,000. It could not therefore
be contended that the effect of machinery was to diminish the
demand for labour.—(Hear, hear.) Far different, however,
was the effect of the improvements which had taken place in
agriculture. Every improvement there must tend to decrease
the necessity for employing labourers. He was one of those
who believed that agricultural prosperity and manufacturing
prosperity were closely allied, and that they could not destroy
the one without destroying the other.—( Hear, hear.) The
manufacturers had greatly increased the value of land. Manu-
facturers had never made a fortune for themselves without
making greater fortunes for the landowners, without any
labour whatever on their part.—(Laughter.) There was no
doubt about that fact.—(Continued laughter.) When the
Corn Bill of 1815 was proposed, enlightened men op-
posed it ; and on that occasion the late Sir Ro-
bert Peel showed clearly that it was only by en-
couraging trade and manufacturers, that the prosperity
of the nation would be secured.—( Hear, hear.): He had
shown that the present distresses of the country were to be
attributed :to the Corn-laws ; but even were it otherwise, he
would oppose it because he believed it to be unjust.—( Hear,
hear.) The landed interest claimed a right to tax the rest of
the community for their own advantage. lie denied
that they had any such right. Sln 1740 and 1750
there were exported from this country eight million
quarters of grain, and 1,500,0001. was paid out of
the Treasury as a bounty upon exportation. If the claim
which had been set up, to supply the country exclusively, were
a just one, the manufacturers would have had a right to object
to the exportation which occurred at that period.—( Hear,
hear.) Tie measure of the Right Hon. Baronet was spoken
of as a concession to the manufacturing interest, and yet they,
were told at the same time that they were not to
expect to derive much benefit from it. He denied
it was a concession ; it was only a part of what they were en-
titled to. The manufacturers had never asked more than was
just. He had shown that they would receive nine millions less
this year than they would have received in 1815.—(Hear.)
Since that period the manufacturers had had the pleasure of
giving cheap goods in return for dear corn.—( Laughter.) The
agriculturists told them that they were their best customers.
It was very true that they gave them a good deal with one
hand, but then they received something back with the other.
There was a simile which was not very inapt in reference to
this point—namely, that if a man came to a draper's shop,
and robbed the till of a shilling, and afterwards came back
to spend (id., he could not be considered a very good customer.
That was just the case with regard to the agriculturists—they
robbed the manufacturers of a large portion of their earnings,
and then came back and laid out half the amount with them,
and then called themselves their best customers. The agricul-
turists say that they have a right to this protection, be-
cause they have laid out and invested their capital in improve-
ments in land, which had the effect of employing a great
many labourers, but they took care never to say
a word about rents—all was for the benefit of the farmer
and the labourer. Now, he did not believe that much land
would be thrown out of cultivation by the repeal of the Corn-
laws ; but even if it were so, and if amass of labour was thrown
out of employment; he would rather see .them paid by a direct
tax, and then they should know what it cost. But he denied
the right to protection. Let him ask this ; suppose a
person erected a mill in this country, and ex-
pended a great deal of capital in machinery,
and a foreigner were to invent a machine that \las far better
than his own, and in a degree superseded it, what would be
thought It the manufacturer came to Parliament, and asked
for protection against the foreigner, ?—( Hear, hear.)
If he produced any thing superior to theirs, they must
bear the competition—they had no remedy whatever ;
they could not come to Parliament, and ask it to
pay their bills. If they borrowed money on their mills, they
must pay the interest on it themselves. Brit if the landowners
involved themselves in debt, if they exceeded their annnal in-
come, if they had large mortgages on their estates, they said
they must keep up their station, and come so Parliament and
get an Act to throw the burthen on the rest of the people. A
Noble Lord had referred to the prints which taught the people the
nature of the Corn-laws; but it was necessary that they should
be taught that, they were made for the benefit of the few
rather than the many. He would compare two persons in the
same village, one who had served his apprenticeship to a car-
penter, or a shoemaker ; he enters into life and has
to support himself; the squire comes to an estate of
thousands of acres of land; the poor man has nothing
but his labour ; but the squire wants to maintain the dignity
of his station, and what does he do ? He consents to an Act
of Parliament, that will take, under false pretences, one-third
of the earnings of that poor man to support it.—(Cries of
" Oh, oh.") He contended that it was true. He had stated
what millions of money it cost them to get their corn more than
it ought, and who was taxed for it ? The poor man ; and he
was taxed 20 per cent., while the rich man was only charged
1 per cent. —(" No, no," and Hear.) The tax was unequal
and unjust to the labouring millions of their population. The
repeal of the Corn-laws might affect the interest of the land-
owners to a certain extent for a time ; but it was stated that
the reason why they were continued was the particular burdens
the land bore. If the land did bear any special burdens he should
like to see them removed ; he knew of no burdens but the poor-
rate, the highway rate, and the county rate, and these did not
amount altogether to six millions a year on the land. If they
took the quantity of corn grown at forty-five railliors of
quarters a-year, this would not amount to more than 100,000
quarters. With what face could the continuance of these laws
be asked? Why were the landowners afraid of removing
a tax so unjust ? All the rest of the people paid their taxes for
the good of the community in general ; if the landowners
threw their burdens on the manufacturing and the labouring
classes, they might depend upon it they saw through the whole
mystery, and would not long bear it. With regard to the
question of wages, he would not take up the time of the house
—( Cries of " Hear, hear")—but at any rate, on this point, they
had facts to oppose to assertions. They all knew that when
corn was cheap, wages were better than when corn was dearer.
Nay, the manufacturers got no wages at all when corn was
dear ; while corn was cheap, it was evident to common sense
that they had something to spend on manufactures. It
had been asserted that the manufacturers wished to reduce
corn, in order to lower wages. Now, if the wages of the
operative were only half what they at present were, if corn was
half its present prate, he would be batter off. The price of
labour depended, like all other things, on the supply and de-
mand. In this country the population was increasing at the rate
of three or four hundred thousand yearly ; they could not employ
them in agriculture, but they might employ them in menu-
factures. Let them extend their commerce, and take off
the restrictions on trade, and they might be assured
that the people were industrious, and of a disposition
that did not seek to reverse the order of things. They were
told that as they " sowed so should they reap," and as their
work had been, so should be their reward ; but now this pre-
cept was reversed, and all the provision was given to the idler,
and the industrious was left to starve.—(" Oh, oh," and
Question.") He had never been one -who trespassed on the
House—(Hear, hear, and a laugh)—he was not favourable
to the custom of making long speeches—(Laughter)—
but he had wished to state some facts which he
thought important, and as they would tend to enable the coun-
try to judge of this measure, he trusted that he had not uselessly
trespassed on their time.—( Hear, hear.) He had not intended
to notice the cbservations of the Member for Knaresborough, if
he had not repeated that evening that all he had said was true.
He did not knew whether it would be Parliamentary or
not, but he would tell the Honourable Member, that if he
was to judge of its correctness by what he knew to be true, he
should not value its correctness very highly. Some }arts of it
lie knew to be totally destitute of foundation. The Hon.
Member had said he had made it his business to inquire, and
he had stated that the Honourable Member for Stockport
had worked his mills night and day, and had made
a large fortune by this abominable cruelty. Now he begged to
state for the information of the Hon. Member, that the lion.
Member for Stockport never had a mill in his life !—( Cheers. )
He had spoken also of the manufacturers making
their ledger their Bible—their counting-house their
Church, and Mammon their God; and that having
amassed large fortunes, they had retired, and now had the hypo-
crisy to pretend a wish to ameliorate the condition of the
working classes. With regard to himself he might say that he
never professed to be rich ; his riches consisted in the fewness
of his wants—( Hear, hear, and cheers)—and if there had been
nothing in him superior to the considerations of the
property he possessed, he never should have been
returned to that House in the way he had been. He gloried
in this, that the town with which he had beers connected for
forty years, had returned him to the House four times without
his spending a shilling.—(Cheers.) If he had been a wor •
shipper of Mammon, perhaps they would not have that respect
for him. With regard to machinery, lie considered it had
b'en the cause of the prosperity of the country, but
it was capable of being beneficially regulated. When
he (Mr. B.) was in business, and the late Sir Robert Peel
brought forward his first measure, he was au advocate for re-
strictions, and aided him in bringing about the measures which
he thought beneficial. They had been beneficial and so far
from the cotton trade being an injury to the people of the dis-
trict, under proper regulations it would tend to the health,
comfort, and well being of the great mass of society.
Before the Hon. Member for Knaresborough became the advo.
cate of the poor, lie (Mr. B.) steed oat against the body of
manufacturers in insisting upon measures he thought due to
the working people.—(Cheers.) He knew that there had been
opposition on the part of manufacturers to measures which
they thought would interfere with their interests ; still a
speaker ought not to single out individuals, and say that they
were unjust, because they were prosperous.—(Cheers. )
For his (Mr. Brotherton's) part, he was not
ashamed of being a cotton-spinner—why should he
be ashamed, when the Prime Minister of England was the
son el a cotton-spinner ?—( Great cheering.) Having made
these observations, he (Mr. B.) would conclude by stating his
belief, that a repopl of the Corn-laws would be a great benefit
to the country at large. He wished to see manufactures and

agriculture prosper together, but if the Corn-laws were not re-
pealed the drstruction of manufactures mnst ensue ; and that
must be followed by the destruction of the prosperity of the
landowners, for the pauperised population would be thrown on
the land.--( Cheers. )
Mr. FERRAND, amidst considerable interruption, rose to
explain. The Hon. Baronet, the Member for the Tower
Hamlets, had given him some intimation of the attack that
had been made upon him. Ile had been charged with saying
what was untrue. lie had authority for saying that the Hon.
Member for Stockport worked his mill day and night. The
letter he (Mr. F.) had now in his hand stated—" I beg to
inform you that the cotton print works near Chorley are
worked night and day, and I hare heard that others are
similarly engaged."—( Cries of ." Name.") He declined to
name his informant, but he trusted the House would see that
he had not made the statement without authority.
Lord 7. MANNERS said the speech of the Honourable
'limber for Salford was highly creditable to the speaker, and
most pleasing to the House, which it was to be hoped would
be exempt from these little feelings that the discussion of this
question unhappily excited out of doors.—( Hear.) He had the
happiness also to say that he had never heard a more temperate
speech than that made by the lion. Member for Wolverhampton
in introducing his motion ; but the Hon. Member for Salford
was rather too severe in saying that no manufacturer made a
fortune for himself without making a larger one for the agri-
culturist.—( Hear, hear.) He (the Noble Lord) was deeply
sorry for the distress now afflicting the country, but he
thought that without referring to the Corn-laws, some ex-
planation of it would be found in the recent state
of Europe, Asia, and America ; and he would also remind
them that when the manufacturing districts were at the
height of prosperity six years ago the present Corn-laws
existed.—(Hear, hear.) Even if the Corn-laws were forth-
with repealed disappointment would ensue. Look at the Re-
form Bill. When it was in agitation there were held up to
the people, as the consequences of its passing, visions of beef
and plum-pudding. The Bill passed, the visions had not
been realized; and now the Corn-laws were substituted for the
grievances of Gattou and Sarum.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.")
In conclusion, he trusted that the measure proposed by her
Majesty's Government would meet with the sanction of the
house.

Sir CHARLES NAPIER regretted very much that
his Honourable Friend, the Mem'ber for Wolverhampton,
had brought forward his amendment that night ;. because
he thought it must be evident to all that if the House
would not consent to the adoption of a fixed duty, it could not
be expected that it would agree to no duty at all. —(Hear,
hear.) He thought it was a great waste of the time of the
House to have brought the subject forward.—( Hear, hear. )
He was the advocate of a fixed duty of Ss., because he
thought it was as much protection as the agricultural inte-
rest ought to expect.—( Cheers.) He was convinced that if
they got a duty of Ss., they soon would have no duty at all.—
( Great laughter.) He was not, in the abstract, for the imme-
diate repeal of the Corn-laws, because he thought sudden
changes were dangerous ; but, as he preferred the repeal of
the Corn-laws, to the sliding scale of the Right Hon. Bart.,
if his Hon. Friend pressed his motion to a division, he should
give him his vote.—( Cheers and laughter.) He agreed with
the Noble Lord who had spoken the other evening, that the
sliding scale was unjust, and he believed that as long as it ex-
isted, no party would run the risk of sending corn to this coun-
try unless he got an immense profit by it.--( Hear, hear. )
The Vice-President of the Board a Trade made an assertion
the other night of so extraordinary a nature, that he (Sir
Charles Napier) began to doubt whether he had crossed the
Atlantic ocean or not.—( Hear, hear, and great laughter.)
He had said that corn sent from America would arrive
here in six weeks. Now if he could calculate properly
it would arrive in fifteen days. Ile would suppose an Arne-
' ican merchant about to send corn to this country ; the first
thing he had to do was to purchase his cargo. No, he first gets
his letter and then he reads it.—( Great laughter.) Then he
sets aboutpurchasing hiscargo, and after that he freights his
ship. But before this he has to look out for a ship. Now to
do all this, he (Sir C. Napier) would give him 12 days, and
allowing 15 for the voyage, that would be 27 days, so that in-
stead of six weeks it would not take more than a month. The
Right Honourable Baronet admitted that a sliding scale of
20s. was a prohibition to the importation of corn. He (Sir
Charles Napier) felt sure that 18s. amounted to a prohibition.
and thcrefere the Right Hon Baronet need not have gone as
high as 20s.—( Hear, hear.) if the Right Hon. Baronet had
given them a sliding scale at 10s. he should have voted with
him ; but as he had begun with a scale so high, he
mu.t vote against him. The Right Hon. Baronet
had said that he never wished to see corn higher
than from 545. to 58e. He ( Sir C. Napier) believed that the
landowner could go on very well at that price, that the farmer
might go on, and that the agricultural labourer would not com-
plain. But if bad weather came, then up would go the
price. Now, if the agricultural labourer could only live
when corn was at 585., how much must he economise
when it was 80s. Why, the only thing he could economise
was his own stomach, and the stomachs of his children.—
(Cheers.) And when the sliding scale went down, and bread
was cheaper, he must then slide a gt eat deal of bread into his
own stomach and into the stomachs of his children. If the Corn-
laws were repealed, the landowners might have to give fewer
dinners, and to drink less wine, hut in the present state of the
law the poor men had nothing to do but to starve and to die.
Captain BERKELEY said he represented an agricultural
town, arid all his property was vested in corn land—(Hear,
hear)—and he did not think that the Right Hon. Baronet op-
posite (Sir E. Knatchbull) was right in saying that the sup-
porters of a reform of the Corn-law were all inimical to the
agricultural interest.--( Hear, hear.) At the same time, he
must admit that Right Hon. Baronet spoke the sentiments of
the greatest part of the landed proprietors, but certainly not of
the whole. He remembered (as we understood) that when
the Chandos clause was introduced into the Reform Bill,
the Right Hon. Baronet the Secretary for the Home Depart-
ment opposed it, as calculated to give too greatinfluence to the
landed interest. He (Capt. B. ) supported it, but if he had known
what its effects would have been upon the operation of the Re-
form Bill, he would have preferred to lose the Bill rather than
support it.—( Hear.) On the present question he was desirous
of supporting a measure which would give a fixed protection to
the agriculturist, but as the House had rejected that, he would
vote for the motion of the Hon. Member for Wolverhampton.
On the motion of Mr. HARDY, the House resumed, and
the Chairman reported progress, and obtained leave to sit again
on 'Monday.
DUCHY OF CORNWALL BILL.
The Duchy of Cornwall Bill went through Committee.
PARISH PROPERTY BILL.

Sir E. KNATCHBULL obtained leave to bring in a Bill
to regulate the sale of Parish Property.
Mr. HAWES wished to ask the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer when it was his intention to bring forward his motion
on the subject of the Exchequer Bill fraud. The subject was
most important, and it was extremely desirable that the House
should be informed when it was the intention of the Right
Hon. Gentleman to bring forward his motion on the subject.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER said it was
his intention to bring forward his motion relative to the Ex-
chequer Bills case as soon as the House should have disposed
of the debate on the Corn-laws. Should the debate be dis-
posed of on Monday, he would bring forward his motion on
Tuesday, Should the debate be disposed of on Tuesday, then
he would bring forward his motion on Wednesday. He would
bring forward his motion on the first vacant day.
Mr. H AWES would remind the Right Hon. Gentleman
that Wednesday was rather an unusual day. Was he to under-
stand the Right Hon. Gentleman as saying that if the debate
on the Corn-laws should be finished on Tuesday, the Right
Hon. Gentleman would bring forward his motion on Wednesday.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER would in that
case bring forward his motion on Thursday.
Sir R. PEEL—As soon as the debate on the Corn-laws is
at an end.—( A laugh.)
The other Orders of the Day were then disposed of, and the
House Adjourned at Twelve o'Clock.

LATEST FROM THE UNITED
STATES.

LIVERPOOL, FRIDAY.

The South America, Captain Faber, arrived at our
port this morning after a remarkably swift passage of
sixteen days, having left New York on the evening
of the Ist inst. We have received by her papers from
that city to the day of her sailing inclusive, but they
contain no political news of importance. The com-
mercial intelligence is not, however, devoid of interest.
Great excitement existed throughout the day of the 29th
regarding the Pennsylvania Bank, which maintained its
payments to note-holders, until the bank closed;
but on the morning of the 31st, the Di-
rectors received a notice from David R. Porter,
Governor of the Common-wealth, directing them
not to pay any monies, as he had appointed
a receiver to take charge of all the assets, in
order to secure the public monies deposited in the Bank,
and to see that justice was done to the interest of the
creditors and debtors of the institution.

The rate of Exchange on England had advanced, and
Bills on London were done at 1081 to 109.
There was no alteration in Cotton. Flour was firm,
and prices had a tendency to improve.
Tho advices from Texas are of a more gratifying na-
ture than those previously received. It would appear
that the prisoners taken in the Santa Fe expedition had
been well treated, and that the accounts of their cruel

treatment were altogether false.
The Caledonia steam-ship has just arrived here.
Advices from New Orleans state, that the assets which were
lately assigned by the Bank of the United States to trustees,
and placed under the charge of William W. Frazer, Esq„ agent
for the assignees, were seized at New Orleans on the 28th
instant, by the arshal of the United States, under the judg-
ment obtained against the Bank of the United States, for da-
mages on the French Bill.
NEW YORK, MONDAY NIGHT.—The unfavourable accounts
which have been received relative to the Girard Bank, Bank of
Pennsylvania, and other Philadelphia Banks, have had a ten-
dency to depress the feeling in the Money Market very ma-
terially. New York Stocks remain firm, and we notice an im-
provemcait in the stock of several of our City Institutions.
Exchanges in Pennsylvania and Virginia have advanced. In
other Southern Funds we have very little alteration to notice.
PHILADELPHIA, JAN. 31.—The Directors of the Bank of
Pennsylvania held a meeting last evening, which did not ter-
minate until a very late hour, and then without deciding)
the course tolpursue. They re-assembled this morning, when
the subjoined letter from his Excellency David R. Porter,
Governor of the Commonwealth, was laid before them, and a
resolution immediately passed that the doers of the banking
house should remain closed:—
" Merchants' Hotel, Jan. 31, 1842,
7 o'clock Monday morning.
" President and Directors of the Bank of Pennsylvania—
" Gentlemen—l directed the Attorney-General, on Satur-
day evening, to adopt proper legal measures to secure the
public monies deposited in the Bank of Pennsylvania, as well
as the interests of all who are in any way creditors or debtors
of that institution. That officer will apply to the Supreme
Court at the earliest possible moment this morning, for an in-
junction, and the appointment of a Receiver to take charge of
all the assets of the Bank. You arc now apprised of that fact,
and directed not to open your doors thi, morning, nor pay
out any of your money, or transfer any of your assets, for any
purpose whatever. When the same are placed in the custody
of the law, the rights of the parties will be fully guaranteed.
" Respectfully, " DAVID R. PORTER."
Resolved—That in pursuance of the direction of the Governer
the Bank is hereby closed.

JOSEPH TROTTER, President.
Monday morning, nine o'clock, Jan. 31, 1,42.
The intense excitement that prevailed on Saturday has par-
tially subsided, although heavy and repeated drafts were made
on most of the banks, they were all promptly met. The Illoy-
amensing was pretty heavily run upon, but sustained itself and
continued to redeem every thing that was presented, and con-
tinued open to meet any demands that might be presented
before four o'clock, P. M. _ _ _

But very little was done at the Exchange Board, sight drafts
on New York 8 per cent. premium ; Baltimore 3; Girard
notes 115 a 30 ; United States Bank 3 ; Girard 4. There
was no sale of Pennsylvania s's; Camden and Amboy 75 a 80;
Wilmington Railroad 14 a WI.
(Correspondence of the Courier and Inquirer.)
WASHINGTON, JAN. 30. —The events of the past week pos-
sess a much greater amount of interest than those of any
simi-
lar period of time since the conireencent of the present ses-
sion of Congiess. The defeat of the repealers in the Senate is
itself a subject of deep joy and thankfulness.
I do not speak without fall and satisfactory information,

when I say that Mr. Clay intends resigning his seat in -the
Senate, before the close of the present session of Congress.
sodden
iaennd4
mysterious i n
lita
Ile will be succeeded by his former colleague, Mr. Crittenden,
wuhdods
nskimruipiatr
hne g eb,' latwo thhaatvwe huinedherhguonea
fa.
feeted Mr. Morehead.
It. is probable that an effort will yet be made to postpone the
Bankrupt Law for some specific period, for the evident purpose
of entirely destroying it. Such an effort may be made in the
course of a few days, but it is presuuted that it will be insl- _
fectnal.
The principal matter of debate for this week will be the re-
-solutions censuring Mr. Adams for the presefitatiou of the
me asking the dissolution of the Union. There are ' twq
sets of resolutions on this subject.
~
SALES ON MONDAY AT THE STOCK EXCHANGE.
500 Dols. New York of Fives '5B .................. 76 -
1,000 Ditto Ohio Sixes of 'O6
70
3,000 Ditto Corporation Six per Cent. Bends of '43 gal
40 Shares Mechanics' Bank
6 Ditto Bank of America BB
20 Ditto Delaware and Hudson 956
50 Ditte ditto
..... ...s 10 ds 93
16 Ditto Bank of Commerce Scrip
14 Ditto ...ditto
• '
75 Ditto Mechanic3'Banking
Association
50 Ditto ditto
40 Ditto Farmers' Life and Trust Company 25 ...
40 Ditto Ohio Life and Trust ..............s 60 ds 52
25 Ditto North River Fire
58 10 Ditto Mohawk ...
50 Ditto...ditto
50 Ditto Phenix Bank
50 Ditto Manhattan Bank
350 Ditto Harlem
50 Ditto...ditto
50 Ditto Stonington
50 Ditto Long Island s 10 ds 52i
300 Ditto ditto
i
50 Ditto Canton
14,000 Dols. Indiana Bonds ..
5,000 Ditto ditto
2,000 Ditto Illinois Sixes of '7O st w 201
3,000 Ditto ditto s I() 21
1,000 Exchange on Philadelphia
SALES AT THE SECOND BOARD.
100 Shares Long Island
50 Ditto ditto 2ds 531
35 Dittb Mechanics' Banking Association -11
6,000 Dols. Indiana Bonds .. snw 21
5,000 Ditto ditto sn w 2t

~I.s 30 cis 6411
70
s9O 55

....b 30 7l

MURDER IN WESTMINSTER.
A long investigation was yesterday gone into before Mr.
Gell, Coroner for Westminker, assisted by Mr. Higgs, at the
Red Lion, Princes-street, Westminster, to inquire concerning
the death of Mary Reid, aged 55, whose death took place in
the Westminster Hosp.tal, on Wednesday evening, through.
injuries she had received by the violence of an itinerant hu-
man and razor-grinder, on Monday last, named James Roberts,
alias Featherfoot, living at 34, Old Pye-street, Westminster.
William Keen, 34, Castle-lane, Westminster, deposed that
the deceased lived at the Fortune of war beer-
shop, in York-street, Westminster, with her husband,
who is a mason. On Monday, about seven o'clock,
as he was sitting in the beer-shop, deceased came is
and asked if some one would go out and drive away a man who
was at the door, but no one took notice of the matter, and de=
ceased herself went to the door, when witness heard a noise as
of a heavy blow, and deceased staggered back to the settle,
bleeding profusely from the back part of the head. Witeess
then went out, and saw a man with a grindstone in his hand,
holding it up by the spindle that went through it. It was stated
by persons outside, that he had struck the deceased with it.
He was shortly after taken to the station-house.
George Francis Crow, 54, York-street, Westminster, stated
that he was standing in the front of his shop on itlowlay even-
ing, and saw Roberts coining along with a grindstone and
knife in his han I, insultinr, two females by using indecent lan-
guage towards them, and pushing them off the pavement.
shortly afterwards the deceased was coming the same way when,
the prisoner accosted her in a similar manner. She said that
had her husband been there he (the prisoner) would not have
dared to do so. Roberts then raised the machine he held in
hie hand, and struck at deceased, but she warded off the
blow by a pair of men's shoes she was carrying.
She then ran towards the house in which she lodged,
which was only two doors off, and Roberts followed her.
She went into the house the front way, and Ro-
beris waited outside, using the most dreadful imprecations,
saying he would beat her brains out before he went away.
itness desired him to go about his business, when he threa-
tened t.) serve him the same. In about three minutes deceased
was coining out of the door to go to the entrance of her own
apar,ments by the side of the house, when the villain rushed
towa de her, and struck her a dreadful blow on the head with
the grindstone. The poor woman fell back in the house.
The p, rpetrator then attempted to go off, but witness detained
him till a policeman came, who took him to the station-house.
Mr. Reginald James, house-surgeon, at Westminster Hos-
pital, said deceased was brought in on Monday evening last, in
a state of insensibility, with a severe wound on the left side of
the head, and contusion of the brain. She never rallied, and
died on Vl', d iesday evening. The injuries were sufficient to
cause death.

William H. East, 58 B deposed. that he took the prisoner
into custody on Monday evening. The prisoner told witness on
the following morning that, if he had known that deceased
would have given him such a cold berth, he would have killed
her at once. This was said after being in the station-house
all night.
Other evi/ence corroborating the above was given; after a
few remarks fro n the Coroner on the case, and in about a
quarter of an hour, the Jury unanimously returned a verdict of
" Wilful Murder " against James Roberts, and the Coroner
issued a warrant for his committal to Newgate.

MIDDLESEX SESSIONS.
(Before Mr. Sergeant ADAMS, Chairman.)
Mr. John Trehearnc, a toaster baker, residing in Cleveland.
street, Marylebone, was indicted for an aggravated assault up on
Nelson Jones. The defendant pleaded Not Guilty.
It appeared that the complainant called at the defendant's shop
for the purpose of purchasing a half-quartern loaf; but, upon its
being put into the scale, the complainant said It was short of the
proper weight ; upon which Mrs. Trehearne called t►im a good..
for.nothi»g vagabond for saying so ; and the defendant came out
of the parlour into the shop, and said the complainant was a d—d
liar for s aying it was short weight. Jones, upon this, observed,
"Ifl am a d—d liar, I will have it weighed again;" whereupon
the defendant seized him round the waist, and forced him towards
the door, which was open. Complainant took hold of the door toaave
himself, and the defendant then forced his band through the glass, and
made him loose his hop t. Trehearne next took him in both his
arms, and dashed him into the street, and his head came in viia.
lent contact with the wheel of a cart that was standing at the door.
The complainant fell under the horse, which trampled on his
back, and injured him severely. He was much bruised about the
body, and his head was laid bare to the bone. He was taken up in
an insensible state, and conveyed to Middlesex Hospital, and upon
the .‘23d of November it was deemed necessary by Mr. Rawlinson,
the Magistrate of Marylebone Police Court, to take the deposition
in writing of the complainant in consequence of the dangerous
condition he was then in. The complainant stated that he was
confined to his bed for eight or nine weeks, and did not believe
that he should ever properly recover, as he felt the injuries he had
sustained up to the present day.

John Mansbridge, 22 E, stated that he beard Mr. Vernon call
" Police." Upon going up he saw blood running down the corn.
plainant's clothes. The blood came from his head, and he appeared
to bo stupified. He conducted Jones to the Middlesex Hospital.
After some further evidence, the Chairman having summed up,
the Jury found the defendant Guilty.
The CHAIRMAN then addressing the defendant, said the Court
were very doubtful if they ought not to imprison him, for it
was a gross case. However, he_was fined 201., with liberty to speak
to the complainant. The defendant speedily settled with the com-
plainant, and was fined a shilling and discharged.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
MAI?LBOROUGH-STREET.

Yesterday Mr. Joseph Bond, the proprietor of the Junior
St. James's Club House, St. James's-street, appeared on a
summons, to answer the complaint of Mr. William Facon, for
an assault.

The complainant stated that he was formerly secretary to the
defendant, at a salary of three and a half guineas per week, a
great part of which, and other sums, amounting in the whole
to between 2001. and 3001., were still owing to him. On the
4th instant he called on the defendant at the Club.house, to
ask for a settlement, and had an interview with him in the
coffee-room, where the defendant got into a violent passion oa
his urging his claims, and struck him with his clenched fist a
violent blow in the face ; a scuffle ensued, and the defendant
seized the-poker and attempted to strike the complainant over
the head with it, but the servants of the Club rushed in and
prevented him.
After an angry recrimination between the complainant and
the defendant, the latter, in answer to the charge, stated that
the complainant had first struck and then spit in his face, and
called him a liar. These were provocations, he thought, hich
wouldjustify any assault.
Mr. HARDWICK, however, thought differently, and after
imposing a fine of forty shillings on the defendant, which be
immediately paid, ordered him to enter into his own recog-
nizance in the sum of 1001. to keep the peace towards the com-
plainant for the ensuing six months. •

FALLACIES OF THE FACULTY.—The app.
thecaries have reason to denounce this volume; the Chemists on
the contrary can afford to praise it. If we may believe the Ifest.
minter Review for January, " the book is almost as entertaining
as a novel, end the reader must be proficient indeed who will Dot
derive much useful information from it. Tail is right in saying
it " has at last been fairly praised and abused into &me," for a
French translation has just appeared in Paris, and the Revue de
Versailles tells us the doctrines contained in it have already set
the continental medical men by the ears. Dr. Dickson is a bold
man—very Me.,srs. Simpkin and Marshall, the London pub-
lishers of the " F.alaeics of the Faculty," expect to be prepared
with the foreign edition in a week or two.

The bureaux of the Chamber of Deputies, after
eight days' deliberations, have concluded the examination of the
Budget for 1843, and have constituted the definitive Committee of
the Bill for the necessary credits. In the Ist and sth bureaux
discussions have occurred on the additional sums required for the
creation of several new Consulates. In the 6th, M. Denis ob.
jected to the paltry credit of only 50,000 fr., allowed for the
purchase of presents for Chiefs and Dignitaries of State in the
East, and pointed out the great pecuniary sacrifices which,
he said, were made by England and Russia for In.
curing their influence in the East. In the same bureau,
M. H. Passy warmly defended the policy of the Minister
of Finance, with regard to the late loan, which, he con.
tended had been eoncluded in as favourable terms as could
be expected. In the sth bureau, M. Thiers expressed his
opinion that the conduct of Government, in giving renewed sup.
port and encouragement to the clergy was highly proper, and
thought that the Court of Rome should be conciliated. He was
for elevating rather than for lowering the position of the clergy;
he approved of the credits demanded for them, and he wished
that the Municipal Council of Paris had decided on continuing to
pay the annual suns of 15,030 E, as an addition to the Arch.
bishop's incotr e, according to its former practice. M. Vavin, in
the same bureau, expressed his surprise that Government did not
give a subsidy to the Theatre de l'Odcon as well as to the French
and Comic Operas and the Theatre Francais.---M. Lacave La.
piagne has been elected President, and H. Felix Real, Secretary,
of the Committee.

The plim,,t, Mars may now be seen every evening
in tho West, of a dusky red colour, if clouds do not intervene,
from :ibout half-past five to about lf-past eight, and will so
c.:ntinue till about the middle of June.

... ......
SIR -1
ENNY MORGAN, THE BUCCANEEII:—.
Perhaps there is nowhere else to be found in authentic annals suck
a "strange eventful history"
as that of the great English buccaneer,
Sir Henry Morgan—so fearful a display of crime and passion, con.
nected with so stirring a detail of incident and adventure; and
though all this,
and its still snore strange results, in the public
honours, appointments, and wealth heaped on the perpetrator of
crimes and outrages unheard of before in the history of human
Wickedness—happened only a century and a half ago, it is almost
as little known to the ordinary reader as if it belonged to the an-
nals of China. The subject is an admirable one for a romance, and
especially suited to the powers
of
the
laic
air.tii Howard,belove ofw who hats
worked it up into a narrative as striking for its truth as it is stirring
for its almost incredible variety of strange and exciting adventure.
the daeaded of entire nations, d •
The Paul Joneses of the sea must henceforth sink into vulgar vit.
lains besides the brilliant Sir Henry Morgan,
the honoured of Kings, an , in short,
the very beau ideal of a " Bo:d Buccaneer,"

xpeeted to obtai
that they would r
trprised at the ape
res' . ;the great.
t 'Baronet.
at. ', e4ad'a
Lori ' a ow
they h i pr ectii
if the ight Hot
it nister lot ` 'the
!, was I,bv ble
nd who, at' apt
ntlemA to:belief
thick he intredu