The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-07 00:00:00

15,6,11 LONDON, FRIDAY • *; e ,
OCTOBER 7, 1842.
No.
t,
E
•

TEE SUN is Poblished EVERY ATORNINO &t FIVE O'CLOCK, in Time for the EAR
and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, )

ADVERTISEMENTS INkFERTVii in ALL Plit

STATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE 9OCIETY4

COLONIAL LAND AND 831iGitA-

TION.

Hit tittAiiiiititi
LIFE AggeRANCEs, DEFERRED ANNUITIrs, tzze.

d'e es •
epor ..dronerioners on this subject
furnishes much accurate intorMaticv relative to the
sale of waste lands in our colonies and othereutigrant
countries depending on' the Crown, as well as correct
stetieties en the numbers who have transferred them-
selves to those ftfied eittriog the past year. From
both these sources we draw up the
SYDNEY DISTRICT AND PORT PIIILIP.LdbI4
venue arising from the sale of lan‘l for the year 109
gave 16(1,5761. as the amount of receipts ; while for
the etietting YearlB4o, the total realised on the same
account front both these land tracts had increased to
the lar,„Te sum of 317,2511. With revard to
.portions
Of land opened up for possession, it devt de.trict is
mentioned at Portland Bay, near the south-Weitern
extremity of the colony, and which was opened for
settlement in the auttiectit of 1640. In the same year
a valuable country of considerable ettsnt. lying at the
south-east extremity of the colony, was diseOteredl)y
A foreigner, Count Streleski ; it is stated to comprise
" 3,600 Srldere tuiles of forests, plains, and valleys,
remarkable for richnesS df soil, pasturage, and situa-
ation." Oaber portions of the country to the north
of the colony, are spoken of as holding out great
temptations; they lie in the county of Macquarrie,
some at Clarence River, and others at.Moreton Bay.
PORT EgSIIVGITONTIII3, ILE only inter-tropical
portion of Australia which has yet been occupied by
Europeans, is now in the occupation dr the Govern-
ment, and no private party has yet azsuired a ‘right
of property in the land. Its harbour is fine, and its
position most ent.ioinient for commercial purposes.
VAN. pIEMENSS LAND.-10 this country the reve-
nue ar saw from the sales of lan+ amounted in 1839
to 23,2.56/., and in 1840 to 55,3051., and consider-
able tracts of valuable soil still remain in the posses
skin of the Crown. The average auction-price during
the past year was 1 ls. 4d. per acre.
WESTERN AINTIIAMA,---The course of improve-
ment here, though slow, is marked arid constant. It
appears that 13,666 acres of the public lands were
last year sold by auction, at an average price of .11s. per
acre. The total population at ths end of 1840 was
2,354, of which only 1,105 were adult Males above
twelve years of age, occupying altogether not less
than one million and a half acres.
NEW ZEALAND.-The most important subject con-
nected with this colony is the adjudication of the dis-
puted claims, for the adjustment of which a Com-
rnissioper was sent out from this country in May,
1841, but a report of whose proceedings has not yet
been received. Two new towns have been laid out
and occuped recently, one called Russell, on the Bay
of Islands, 'and, the other Auckland, situated in a
more Central poeltion in the ,Northern Island, and
which is to be the eapital of the. colony. At the
pea
first sale of land in the latter,-
it appears from returns,
that no less a sum than 24,275/. was
_realized for
forty-nine allotments, containing . only forty-four
acres, being at the average of 5521. per acre.
The Company have also contracted for the purchase
of 50,000 additional acres, thef being under engage
ment, under this contract, to expe.nd 40000/. under the
superintendence of the Commissumers, upon emigra-
tion to the colony.
CANAias-The important Act recently passed by the
Canadian Legislature, regulates entirely the disposal of
the lands in this colony.
In Eastern Canada., the,
price of land over the greater
part of the country has been
fixed at 4s. currency, or 3s. ld. sterling per acre ; and in
the county of Ottawa, and in a district on the south
hank of the St. Lawrence, at 6s. currency, or 4s. 9(1.
sterling per acre. In Western Canada, up to the
passing of the late Act, the upset price of Govern-
ment lands was generally Bs.
currency per acre,
while that of clergy reserves averaged 12s. 6d. cur-
rency per acre. During the last year there were
sold in Eastern Canada 45,896 acres, at an average
price of ss. 84d. per acre ; and in Western Canada
14,697 acres, a an average price of 7s. 10d. per acre.
NEW BRUNSWICK.-In this colony, land continues
to be sold by publc auction, at an upset price of 2s.
per acre. During the past year 29,416 acres were
sold, and fetched the average price of 25. sd. per acre.
A. plan wis commencel here last year under the
autl.or;ty of the Local Government, of allowing per-
sons in the condition of labourers to purchase small
allotments of the public lands upon credit, the pur-
shasers being required to enter into a bond to the"
SUM of
Crown,
publicpay the
money was purchase
likewi to be lent money with interestto the. A
setters to enable them to maintain
se
and establish
themselves at the outset.
NOVA SCOTIA.-'rne public lands have been sold
here by auction under the authority of an Act of
the Local Legislature, passed in 1840, and to be in
force for three years. It is prescribed by the Act that
the upset price shall never be lower than Is.; in
practice it appears to have been hitherto 2s. 6d. ster-
ling per acre, and at that price 11,355 acres appear
to have been sold during last year. Much of the most
valuable land has been alienated from the Grown ;
and the House or Assembly has it under considera-
tion to fix the pike at ls. 9d. per acre instead of dis-
posing by auction.
PRINCE EoteAunse lararsn.-A very considerable
amount of land is still remaining in the possession of
the Crown : 216 acres, in different Royalties, appear
to have been sold last year,
at an asseesi price of
21. Os. &1., and three and a half acres of town allot-
manta at an average price of 681. 12s. 10d. .
ag
NEwrouNtii.,ANO.-The disposal of land here con-
tinue s uader a temporary Arrangement, by
by auction was established at an upset price of 2s.
per acre The demand for land and the agricultural
proceedings appear generally steady. which sale
West lentes.--The mode of sale established in the
West Indies is that of auction, and the upset price, if
any sales occur, is not leis than it, per acre ; except
at the Bahamas, where the price has been reduced to
12s. per acre. . In some of the islands, as Trinidad
and Guiana especie;ra all, there are large tracts of
tad still in possession of the Crown, available for
settl..ment. In tine instance in Dominica 63 indivi-
y
lush joined togeth& lid paid g per acre.
CAPE or Goln Hoes.--In this colony the Crown
still possesses a large amount of land. the sale is
generally tned3 by auction, but there appears little
desire on the part of the public to purchase; in some
instances the amount received for land has not paid
the expenses of sale. ?art Natal is reported to be
unfavourable to the formation of a liCritlelt colony.
CHTIJON:-In this country the mode of sale is by
auction, at an Upset price of ss. per acre ; 78,687
acres Were sold during the past year, the greater part
at not more than the Upset price, although some went
as high as 17s. 6d. per acre, A large proportion of
the surface of this valuable island still remains at the.
disposal of the Crown. It is proposed to raise the
price to it, per acrei and afford the purchasers greater
facility In the Acquisition of land.
FALic.LA-gh instithic-The Governor who was
sent out last year has already furnished a report of
,
the prospects of the British Settlers here : there is
reason to think that a hardy and iticitigtrious popula-
tion would find means of support hetet In St.
Helena, sierra Leone, Gibraltar, and Malta, the
extent of hind for Stile is of course very small.
The return or the number a perAoiig who have amt-
grated from the United Kingdom during the year
ending Saiitiar'y it; 1842, fildiste.S 01.0 following view
---,EniigraillS Mill the united Kingdom to the
, 46 ; to Central
UAmnieterfilcanStacteosl,oni4ess,, vitt, to Canada, 26,362 ; Newol7 ; to Texas
America, 106. British Emigrants to the North
reinee Edward's Island,
2B,r3ll4ll4B;wilicite,w7fottnillaSnd°,vla3Aeotia silo Ca pe Breton,
1,831. To the West Indies; viz:, 3anittica, 1,273 ;
British Guiatia, ld r 'frit-Mad, 87 ;
894 ; Van Die.-
other West
India, islands, 60; alkland Islarit,
82;1 ;
mlaNtrietsittieursn,
to Sydney,
Africa, 65 ; Cape of Good Hop:(l3:oreami
Berelltoanini,esf,orytihe,
17'492
; fort
ended respectively
40 ; Moulmein, 4. To the Australian
years
men''s Land, 806 k smith Atistealia, 17, . Western
ngl
totalunAustralia,t enduKingdom3sr 70;f
in the
emigrants
from Zealand, the
past year to have been 118,592 souls.
From a comparison
,of the emigration from the
sth July, 1841, and sth July, 1842, it appears that
the increase in the number of emigrants to the United
States has been 20,476 persons ; to Canada, 14,347 ;
to other American colonies, 1,071 ; to other parts of
America, 24 ; to the Cape of Good Hope, Mauritius,
anedalAanfdri, wca,hi7ch have 79. Decreaseefallen
off 10,455 in the period in the number of
grants appears in the case of the West Indies, whither
629 less have emigrated, and to Australia and New
Zealand
mentioned above.

No. 26, CORNHILL.
Capital k:500,000.

Empowered by. Special Act of parliament.
WRFC/10/M
L A3llt *WitItAV, Esq., dhaiiniail.
J. Elliotson, 51. D., F. R. S. John Rawson, Esq.
John Griffith Frith, Esq. John Riddle Stodart, Esq.
Hunter Gordon, Esq. Clement Tabor, Esq.
George Langley, Esq. Joseph Thompson, Esq.

VICTORIA LIFE ASSURANCE AND
LOAN COMPANY.

No. 119, King William-street , City.
TRUSTEES.
Sir JAMES DUKE, Alderman, M. Chairman.
BENJAMIN HAWES, Esq., Deputy Chairman.
Benjamin Barnard, Esq. I Charies Baldwin, Esq.
Solicitor, John Curtis, Esq., blO, Itasin2liallestreet.
The principle of this Company is to allow to each Assurer
such reasonable advantages, as may suit sits particular views.
Thus, parties Assuring the Lives of othml, may make their
Policies secure, notwithstanding the Life Assured may go out
of the limits of Europe, without the necessary permission of the
Directors having been previously obtained. Credit of half the
Premiums for the first five years, allowed on Policies effected
Fur the whole term of Life. Parties who have been Assured
for five years will be allowed to borrow on the security of their
Poli,ivs, a sum equal to one-half the Premiums paid, less that
for the first. year. Advances are made to parties Assured in
the Office, on real or undoubted Persor al Security, for terms
not exceeding tin ee years, repayable by instalments. Premiums
moderate. Participation in profits. Detailed Prospectuses
may be obtained on application at the Office, or by letter
addressed to the Secretary.
WILLIAM RATRAY, Actuary and Secretary.

ECONO MI C LIFE ASSURANCE
SOCIETY.
34, BRIDGE.STREET, ELACKFRIARS, LONDON.
Established 1823.
Empowered by Act of Parliament, 3 William IV,

LOWER RATES of PREMIUM than those of any other
Office that entitle the Assured to participate in the Profits.
The Bonus declared in 18i4 amounted upon an average to
Rid per cent. on the premiUms then paid I and in 1839 a se-
amid Bonus Was deelaredtanintihtidt dd ttld aceeagd to .1:41 per
,tent. on the premiums paid during the preceding five years.
Prospectuses, and other Particulars, may be obtained at the
Office between thn hours of Ten and Four, or will be forwarded
in persons resident in the country on application.
CAMPBELL JAMES I3OWNER, Secretary.

TALES OF THE COl, 0 Nit;
In the BRITISH QUEEN, sdd. STATAISNIAN,
Weekly Newspaper, published every Saturday night, will be
commenced .ott SATURDAY, the. Bth inet., a SERIES a
TALES, DESCRIPTIVE of the BRITISH COLONIES,
and of the individual process of Emigration.
The first of these Tales, entitled " The Settler's Journal,"
will contain the day=by-day ekperienea of lift AWricultural
Emigrant to Van Dletti6nss Land. That.° 'I have been
collected and are Edited by a late Magistnte of the Colony.
British Queen Office, 59, Fleet-street, Oct. :1, 1842.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
TATTERS ALL'S —nl*FistEi nDAY,
The betting yesterday afternoon was confined to the ,
Cesarewitch, for which several horses were backed at
amounts barely lerge enough to determine their value
in the market. On three only was business at all brisk.
viz., Bellissima, Portrait, and Heslington ; the mare was
backed freely at 7 to 1, and closed at takers of a frac-
tional improvement. Portrait had a few friends, but a
stron' feeling against him was shown in two or three
quarters, and he finally closed at layers of 10 to 1.
Heslington was backed in two instances at 10 to 1, and
in several others at 12 tl 1, with repeated offers to go
on at the latter price. We have quoted the closing odds
against him at 11 to 1, but doubt if it could have been
obtainel. Latest pr:Ces :
dEB.4.IIIWITCYI STAittS,
6 to 1 agst Mr, Sather's Belissirna—take 13 to 2
10 to 1 agst Mr. Jones's Portrait—taken, and af. off.
11 to 1 agst Major Yarburgh's Heslington
12 to 1 agst Lord Eglinton's Blue Bonnet
12 to 1 agst Duke of Grafton's Florence
13 to 1 agst Lord Albemarle's Ralph—taken •
13 to 1 agst Mr. Clark's Arcanus—taken
1G to 1 agst Mr. Isaac Day's Tamburini—taken to
a small sum
16 to 1 agst Lord Kelbarne's Muley Moloch colt
18 to 1 agat Duke of Bedford's The Gleaner—taken
18 to 1 agst Mr. Forth's Lucy Banks—taken
20 to I agst Mr. Goodman's The Shadow —t. to 501.
20 to 1 agst Mr. Etwalt's Thistle Whipper—taken
and afterwards offered
6 to 1 atrst Blue Bonnet and Florence—taken
PERTH RACES.—TUESDAY.
Match, 50 sovs. One mile. Bst 71b each.—Mr. Merry's
Cable beat Lord Glenlyon's Christopher.
The Caledonian Cup of 1051. for Scotch-bred horses ;
3 yrs, 7st ; four yes, Bst 2lb ; five yrs, Bst 91b ; six yrs
and aged, Bst 121 b ; mares alowed 21b. Three miles.
Mr. Ramsey's Whistle Binkie, 3 yrs (Robertson) 1
Mr. Meiklam's Florence,.3 yrs
Mr. C. Alexander's Niagara, 3 yrs
Won cleverly.
The Perth Hunt Plate 0f.501. ; three yrs, 7st 416 ; four
yrs, Bst Sib ; five yrs, Bst 121 b ; six yrs and aged, 9st ;
mares, &c. allowed 31b ; winners extra. Two miles.
Mr. Merry's Smike, 3 yrs (M. Noble) 4 1
Mr. Meiklatn's Aristotle, 3 yrs
Mr. Ramsay's Recorder, 6 yrs
Mr. Scott's Chester, 4 yrs
Maiden Plate of 501., the gift of the Caledonian Hunt.
Heats. One mile-and-a-half.
Mr. johnstone's f by Voltaire, 4 yrs, Bst 71b 1 1
Mr. W. H. Johnstone's Wm. le Gros, 3 yrs, Bst2lb 2 2
Mr. W. M. Alexander's Jack, 5 yrs, Bst 111 b 3 3
Lord Glenlyon's Glencromie, 3 yrs, Bst. 131 b 4 dr
Won by a head.
WREXHAM RACES—WEDNESDAY.
The Bryn-y-pys Stakes of 25 sovs. each for 3-yr-olds.
Once round and a distance. (5 Subs.)
Mr. Priee's Valentina, Bst 31b walked over.
The Gold Cup of 100 soya. Thrice round.
Mr. Mostyn's Prince Caradoc, 4 yrs, Bst3lb(Marlow) 1
Mr. Price's Valentina, 3 yrs, 7st 81b 2
Sir R. W. Bulkeley's f by Bay Middleton, bat 12lb 3
Won easy.
Handicap of 10 soya. each, 5 ft it declared, with 30 added,
the second saves his stake. One mile, heats. (5 Subs.)
Mr. Price's Marion. 3 yrs, 7st 121 b. .(Cartwright) 1 1
Sir R. W. Bulkeley's Cerito, 4 yrs, 7st 101 b
Mr. W. Jones's Lydia, 4 yrs, Bst 21b
Won easy.
The Sellinc, Stakes, of 5 sovs. each, with 20 added by
Sir W. W. Wynn, Bart. The winner to be sold for
100 L, &c. Heats, once round. 5 Subs.
Mr. Skerrat's Hudibras, 4 yrs, 9st Glb
Mr. Thompson's c, by Shrigley, 3 yrs, 7st Illb 1 2 2
Mr. Roberts's Drayman (late Hooks), 7st 1116 3 3 dr
Mr. Price's Ernestine, 3 yrs, Sat 2 dr
Mr. Gray don's Short Bob, 3 yrs, 7st 71b
A good race.
The Hurdle Race Stakes of 5 som each, and 20 added
by Sir W. W. Wynn, Bart, 12st each, Gentlemen
riders. Heats, one mile.
Mr. R. Birch's Slashing Harry, 6 1
Mr. Jackson's Bonny Grey, 3 yrs
Mr. S. Birch's Stella, 4 yrs ... 3 3

RECAPITULATION or METHODS or SALE,—From
the foregoing statements it results that the existing
mode of selling fte waste lands in the various colo-
nies is as follows :—ln Canada by fixed price, in the
Australian colonies by the mixed system of auction
first, and sale and at the upset as a fixed price after-
wards ; and in all other colonies by auction alone.
SURVEYS.—An addition has been made, principally
.during the past war, to the surveying establishments
in several of the land-selling colonies. The evils of
assigning to jndifiduals lands of which the boundaries

LY Ti?4INS and .TOWN DELIVERY; a PIECOXD -EDITION (Evening Sun) u Pyblisllcd in Tillie for the AFTERNOON TRAINS
for POST, containing PARLIAMENTARY and all saw ..rrElvS i 4 LONDON up to flail Dour.
t4S4, Nuotti ond Njghlf thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, of ONE CHARGE.

are imperfectly ascertained and defined, in however
effortg language they may have been represented, can
scarcely he exaggerated. Many years will probably
elapse, and made vexatious and expensive iitigation
have to be endured, hefore the defects of the surveys
h) some of the older colonies shall be remedied. We
are therefore, of any step which is, taken to pre-
vent the reetifforets of such evils in the new terri-

through the agency of the officers placed under our
orders for the purpose at the principal ports of the
United Kingdom, under the titre of Government Emi-
gration Agents. These officers are all selected from
the Royal Navy, belonging most of them to the rank
of Lieutenant. Their duties are by no means free
from anxiety. For while, on the one hand, the very
nature of passages by sea must, at the best, involve a
risk of casualties for which, when they happen, the
agent at the port of departure must expect to be called
to account, with a view to show that his duties had
not been neglected ; on the 'other hand, the title of
these officers is apt to suggest theidea of more autho-
rity than they have hitherto possessed, and they are
liable to fall under blame for cases in which they,
might indeed very ivell have foreseen the danger of
misfortune, but had . no power to enforce any beat*
arrangements. We trust the amended Passengers'
Act will correct a good deal of this evil, although of
course no law could with propriety arm any officers
with all the powers which they might often desire,
when brought into close contact with the variety of
deceptions that may be practised on poor and humble
people, removing from their homes to distant coun-
tries. 'We will only say, in conclusion,, that we find
in these`officers the zeal, intelligence, and comprehen-
sion of the principles of the public service, which was
to be expected from the profession to which they belong.

tories into which dad seeperabundant capital and popu-
lation of this country is eo rapidly pouring itself.
~:.$lll additional surveyors and two draughtsmen
le'eift? leeet year sent to New South Wales, one sur-
veyoregentheili HO five assistants to Xesv lecaland,
three additional siirVeyore to Western Australia, and
four additional to Ceylon. 'The fitness of the indivi-
iltiele who were sent, was in most instances ascertained
professionally before they received their appointments.
In the Cape of Goad Rope also, where the arrears of
lithiness connected with the survey • of past grants is
stated td be so considerable, the department has been
increased, and gait upon a more efficient footing. The
able Report of Captain Dawson, of the Thryal En-
git,trers, upon the best mode of conducting the sur-
veys of ate waste lands in Hest` Zealand, has been
transmitted to el she colonies possessing such lands,
and while much advarilitsee in point of accuracy will,
sve doubt not, be derived-frofil following his sugges-
tions, it nifty also be hoped that it ltie estimated scale
of expenditure Slitml..d be found sufficient for so intri-
cate a country as New Zee:land, it will not require to
be exceeded anywhere else. 'Me Report has already
been presented to Parliament, having been published
Apperidfx to Report of the 'Committee on
the Affeirs of South Australia.
CLASSES gIaIGIELC FOR FREE PASSAGE TO Aug..
TRALIA.—The leading principles upon which we (the
Commissioners) select the emigrants wile are for-
Neardeel in the ships engaged by sew Board are, that
their tieelei and occupations shall be suited to the
wants of the colonies ; that their ages should be such
that their labour may be available to the colonies for
some years to come; that their families be not too
numerous, both on account of the objections to them
by colonial employers, and also because mortality is
s likely to arise amongst young children on the voy-
age; that unmarried females should go under proper
protection ; and lastly that the sexes should be in
equal proportions. It is possible that our selections
would be more acceptable to the colonists if we could
include among them a greater number of single men,
But the extent of the disproportion of the sexes in
the Australian colonies is already so great that it pro-
bably ought on no. account to be • increased. By an
analysis we have made of the latest returns which
have been received, • it appears that in Newi South
Wales•the proportion of free women to free men is .3
to 44.; of convict women to convict men is 2 to 23 ;
in Van Dieinen's Land, of free women to free men is,
3 to 4 ; of convict women to convict men is 3 to 23 ;
in Western Australia, of women to men 3 to 5.
We conclude our analysis of the Report, by quoting
the remarks of' the Commissioners upon several im-
pertant subjects connected With the welfare, of emi-
grants. In addressing themselves to the Secretary
for the Colonies, the Commissioners make the follow-
ing remarks
PASSENGERS' AcT.—We would advert to the
amendments which we had the honour of suggesting
in the Passengers' Act, and which were embodied in a
Bill introduced by your Lordship at the commence-
ment of the yresent session, and now nearly passed
through Parliament. The constant communications
which we have held with your Lordship's department
upon the subject of these amendments render it un-
necessary that .we should enter uPon them at any
length upon the present occasion. The whole of our
suggestions, moreover, with the grounds upon which
they rested, were laid before Parliament simulta-
neously with the introduction of the Bill by your
Lordship. It may be sufficient, therefore, to state. in
general terms, that the principal objects of this law
are, Ist, to regulate the number of passengers in each
ship, and to provide for their proper accommodation
on board ; 2clly, to ensure a proper supply of provi-
sions and water for their use; 3dly, to provide for the
seaworthiness of the vessels ; and 4thly, to protect
the emigrants from the numerous frauds to which at
various stages of their undertaking their helpnessness
and inexperience expose them. It had become noto-
rious that the provisions of the former Act had proved
insufficient for those objects. Evils of great magni-
tubs and- of the most distressing nature were habi-
tually occurring snider it. It became our duty,
therefore, to suggest such amendments as the exi-
gencies of the case required, bearing, however, stea-
dily in view the object of almost paramount impor-
tance, of not so enhancing the cost of cezereyance to
the poor as to place the means of emigration out of
their reach. A further purpose, which we were
anxious to accomplish by the.Atnendment. Act, was to
regulate the conveyance of passengers from every
portion of her Majesty's dominions. --The previous
Act applied'exclusively to voyages from the United
Kingdom, but an extensive emigration is now going
on from one colony to another, in various parts of the
globe. Difficulties presented themselves in the adap-
tation of,an. Act framed for the regulation of voyages
of considerable length, to voyages which might only
last a few days. These difficulties, however, we
endeavoured to surmount, for it seemed to. us an
object of some importance that there should be but
One Passengers' Act, and that the same law should
contain within itself all the regulations which the
Imperial Legislature deemed it expedient to impose
upon the conveyance of the poorer classes of her Ma-
jesty's subjects by sea. Adverting, therefore, to the
vast number whose comfort, welfare, and health, are
each year dependent upon the provisions of this Act,
we need scarcely say that the amendments suggested
in it were the result of very anxious deliberation on
our part, and that we did not recommend their adop-
tion without duly consulting the opinions of those
officers who have been chiefly engaged in the protec-
tion of emigrants, both in this country and in the
coleniese nor without also giving our best attention to
the suggestions and representations we received from
the shipping interest, or from parties engaged in the
k passenger trade itself. It
.has been gratifying.to us to
Sod in the result, that all the practical provisions of
the Bill, though avowedly of a stringent nature, have
elicited no opposition, but, on the contrary, have been
generally acquiesced in by the classes whom it affects.
GENERAL VIEW OP DUTIES IN RESPECT TO EMI-.
GRATION.—Our practical duties in respect to emigra-
tion consist, in the first place, in seeing that the pro-
visions of the Passengers' Act are enforced in all
cases where the emigrants are proceeding at their own
cost, or by.rheans of private funds ; and in the second
place, in exercising a direct superintendence over all
emigration which is conducted at the public expense.
The modes in which it is conducted to different colo-
nies are various, and the extent and nature of our su-
perintendence partakes of corresponding differences.
Thus, to New South Wales, the public emigration
has gone on exclusively upon what is called the bounty
system, by which general permissions to introduce
emigrants are granted be: the colonial authorities, and
payment made for them in the colony upon their safe
arrival. In Van Diemen's Land a system based on a
similar principle has been introduced, but with consi-
derable difference in the detail. To New Zealand a
eigration, by means of public funds, is going
large •
on
tumor tn.,immediate management of the New
..:(iibject to the superintendence of
Zealand Compaiiin .
fle to Western Australia,
this lioard t
under the nialnagernent the . Association called the
'sally, ships are in
Western Australian company. .e.- --d, and fitted
some cases engaged directly try our Mu- . selected
up under oid•clieections, the passengers beihie 'Tice.
by our agents, subject to approval at tins u....
When emigrants are named by land purchasers, wa
agree for their passages, and prescribe rules for their
accommodation and treatment ; and it is further our
duty to make the requisite arrangements for passages
in those cases where the conveyance of persons is paid
for by the funds of this country. Instances of
rn-
the
last kind occurred in regard to some of the Gove
ment surveyors, who were sent out free of expense,
and nut's reeently in regard to the boys of reformed
character front the establishment at Parkhurst, who
have been allowed to grate to some of the Austra-
lian colonies.
IVe have reported at the time on the several loc
ons
al
enactments which have been passed, ono de
made, for the purpose of bringing the former Pas-
sengers' Act into operation in the West Indies ; and
when the emigration of African labourers was perd:
mitted to take place from Sierra Leone, we prop9sera.
as directed, the instructions upon which the p.
as
tion agent at that colony should diseharr
These
Portant duties about to be entrusted to him.
sent time,
uto te re •
n nactestructions have beeed
nth thep evils which
and have hitherto apvearedtoon re
tpepve
h working of the very
had to be guarded against in
hi
ch is now in the course of
p
interesting " exeriment .
w-ter. They have also been
being tried in that qua. General of India for his
transmitted to •
the Govern°.
m applicable to the cor-
use, in case he she'uld find the.
end the emigration of
responding dangers which atte
the Hill Coolies.
e_. 'ion of emigrants
We wish to add, that, for the protetee
• ,most entirely
proceeding by their own means, we act

PRICE OF SUGAR.
EFFECTS OF MONOPOLY.
LONDON OCT. 7, 1842.
The following average prices, exclusive of duty, of
Brown or Muscovado British Sugars, will be pub-
Ikhed in the Gazette of this evening :

West India 35 2 per cwt.
East India 3B 11
Mauritins'°--- • 33 1
Tice total average price of the three descriptions is
355. 61-d. per cwt.
The actual weights of Sugar sold on account of the
importers, in the week ending the 4th inst., accord-
ing to the returns made upon oath by the Sugar bro-
kers, in conformity with the Act of Parliament, and
on which weights the above prices are computed, con-
sisted of 16,679 cwt. West India, of 9,282 cwt. East
ii.nd 10,713 cwt. Mauritius.
About 200 cwt. of Raur, a dark damp sugar,
have been sold at about 265. per cwt., in the same
reek, which being classed partly as East India, and
partly as Mauritius, unfairly depresses the average
prices of those kinds of sugars, and, of course, re-
duces the total average price of the three descriptions.
Foreign Sugars may be bought for 16s. per cwt.,
equal in every respect to the average quality of West
India Sugar; the excess of price of the latter, there-
fore, over the former is 19s. per cwt. Excellent
White Sugar, refined from Foreign Sugars, is selling
free on board for 255. 6d. per, cwt., being 10s. bier
cwt. cheaper than the British Brown Sugars which
the industrious classes of this country are, by the

monopoly law, made to consume
It has been universally admitted, that whenever a
relaxation of the prohibitory system, which has for so
many veara fettered the commercial' energies of this
country, should become imperative, that the same
ought to he general in its operation, it would
be manifestly unfair to expose some interests to
active rivalry with Continental producers, and,
at the same time, screen others from the
like competition, by granting them a close mono-
poly. Common justice requires that all parties
shoull be treated alike ; this desirable result Sir Ro-
bert Peel's tariff fails to realise. Consumers are pro-
mised cheap bread, cheap meat, and cheap beer, at the
landlord's expense; they are to have cheap clothing,
French hats, boots, gloves, &c., at the manufacturers
,
expense • but, in order to foster an interest, undeserv-
ing• the boon, they are to pay an exorbitant price for
Sugar, and other colonial produce ; the tariff, which
ought to treat all alike, leaves the West India mono-
poly untouched. When the question was asked in
the house of Commons why this marvellous favourit-
ism should be shown to these monopolists, it was an-
swered, that the influence of the West Indians had
dwindled in that House to a shadow ; that, in conse-
quence of the effects of the Reform Act, it was now a
feeble interest, needing the sympathy and the support
of the Legislature. This answer was a tolerably bold
assertion, considering that at the very moment it was
announced two Ministers of the Crown, holding most
important offices, were interested in and mixed up with
West India niFairs, and that a third party, who, though
not actually holding property in the plantations, was
the person through whose persuasion a loan of fifteen
millions was converted to a gift of twenty millions
sterling, being called compensation to the West In-
dia slave proprietors,. kir allowing their negroes to
perform the same description of work, coerced by
nearly the same means of savage punishment, under
the name of apprentices. Surely it is absurd to call
that interest feeble in the Howe, which has for its ad-
vocates the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Vice-
President.of the Board of Trade, and the Secretary of
State for the Colonies. The apathy displayed by the
landed interest, with regard to the,,West India mono-
poly, is really truly astonishing. That the En-
glish landlords should have allowed the cloak of pro-
hibition, which had kept their shoulders and pockets
warm for so many years, to be removed, without de-
manding and ensuring the demolition of all other mo-
nopolies, betrays an unaccountable supineness on
their parts to their own welfare, especially leaving
such a monopoly as that in question in vigorous ac-
tivity. The landowners, the farmers, the labourers and
others dependent on the soil for their livelihood,
are one and all interested in obtaining cheap
Sugar for their consumption, sufficiently, it
would be supposed, to induce them to com-
bine their best efforts for that purpose; the
termer class, the landlords have, to stimulate them
into active hostility against the West Indian mono-
poly, two objects far more important in their results
to their own pockets, than the one mentioned—namely,
they especially need a large supply of Sugar at a
they
.rate, with which to preserve the produce of their
nunierosus garden grounds and orchards, in order that
the fruit may be put into a condition-which will keep
it good fo'r twelve months, instead of limiting its use to
the month in which it happens to become ripe. It is no-
torious that a- large proportion of fruit is annually al-
lowed to decayy, rather than incur the expense of pre-
serving it with West India Sugar • the process will
not pay, because ;cause fruits cured with cheap fo-
reign sugars can be entered at the Customs for less'
money than the cost of preserving British fruit.
Again, foreign Sugar s; read on the land, as manure,
would be more effective cheaper than guana or
nitrate of soda, both which articles are now exten-
sively used by the farmers to ;•snrich their land. Fo-
reign Sugar also would prove air ,excellent ingredient,
mixed with other articles, for fattesaizig cattle. When
intended for either of these two puri.-
be Noses it ought to
issued duty free. There are abun-du•n
adulterating it to prevent its being taken .t modes of
so. domestic
use, without damaging its powers for marfm'se, or for
fodder. The annihilation of the Sugar monOPI3I,Y,
consequently, would confer a greater benefit on tne
landed interest than on any other class, though aIT a."e
deeply interested in its prompt destruction.
There is paid annually out of British taxes near upon
a couple of millions sterling for maintaining the army,
the navy, and various civil departments in our West
India colonies ; if the produce of these colonies were
sold in the United Kingdom for a price two millions
below that for which an equal quantity of foreign
Produce could be bought, the money account would
exactly balance ; but unfortunately for tl:fetwmootmheilr.
country, instead of recovering the outlay
lions, she has to add to them five more, the amooft to
which monopoly raises the price of Sugar, C Coyer,
(the
" of holding those pestilential colonies
~..,..I,eyond its continental value ; the gratifican,
therefore,. ,
, costs the British nation seven
millions
West /flaw
_

sterling a year. -
1 t being the birth-day
d ,
KILWINNING.—Thors"-1Y -11tsrinton a party of far-
assembled in the
of the Earl of Eglinton rend
wit: ,
h and drawn together
mers and others, connected
numbered 6.Nillt sixty—
Masons'-hall. The
Chairmanparty ;
W. AllaD,net, Esq.,
by their esteem for the
rNt
Hugh King,
hEescp,
T Chairman was felicitous in his
oble Earl, ,
Croupier.
imeeel , and the night was spent happily and haano-
silye3. The toast of the evening, " Long life to tl-4
Winton"called
of Eglinton and, forth bursts of
--Inalla°prullause. That of his amiable Countess and the
youngp Lord 3.lontgomerie were similarly received
All connected with the noble house were warmly
proposed
and responded to.--Ayr Obserner
FOREIGN CATTLE.—The arrivals of the past week
at this port have been—from Rotterdam, by- the
Emerald Isle, one bull, two cows, an OX, two calves,
forty-eight fat sheep, and seven pigs ; and from Ham-
burgh, by the William Darley, ,twenty-five fine
cam ; and by the Hamburgh, twenty-ono good pigs.
According to the official returns, the number of
foreign cattle on which duty has been paid up
to the
17th instant, is, at London-295 beasts and calves ;
sheep and lambs, none ; nine pigs. At Hull-567
beasts and. calves, 151 sheep, and fifty-two Pig'
HQ RQoAittjham.