The Sun.
London, England, 1845-02-17 00:00:00

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SIR,-It has been known all along that ships and
vessels are found to resist the pressure of sails, and
still we go on building on the same plan, and all are
astonished they do not sail faster, which is impossible,
until. we make use of more power than the sails to
increase speed on a wind.
Such has been suggested to the Admiralty years
ago, and pointed out that ships go faster astern when
taken aback, or miss stays, than they ever went
ahead ; and if they wanted them to go faster, they
must introduce into the hulls of all ships and vessels a
power that would continually act on a wind, inde-
pendent of masts, yards, and sails, which will in-
crease with the wind to any amount, by concentrating
the force to one point or many, according to the sea
then going. But this, like many other suggestions,
are treated with contempt, because it does not ema-
nate from a ship-builder, whose opinion is consulted
in preference to those that have to sail them. I hope
you will expose the folly of such conduct, and so give
a trial to convince those that are sceptical.—Your
constant reader, A PR AC fICAL OFFICER.
London, Feb 7, 1845.

The reception in the City of the financial statement
of Sir Robert Peel has been of a mixed character. He ob-
tains great credit for his sweeping abolition of the duties on
exports, and for the general tendency of his proposed reduc-
tion of the duties on imported articles, to give new life and
activity to the commercial enterprise of the country at a time
when it is entering on a race of competition with the rest of
the civilised world. Looking to. China, however, as the
greatest new market upon which that competition is to act,
and to the desired solution of the commercial problem of what
retarns are to be made for the exports to that country, there
is some regret that the article of tea has been 10 entirely
passed over without notice—that it is neither mentioned
now, nor any hope held out for it in future. His interfer-
ence with the excise is for the most part highly approved, par-
ticularly as regards the remission of the duty on glass. The
continuance of the income-tax, as distinguished from the
property-tax, is the most unpopular part. of the financial ex-
position, especially as it is now intimated that it will be
imposed for one year longer than the term of five years,
which was fixed for its utmost duration when it was first
laid on. Many persons had previously been sanguine in the
expectation that some modification of the income-tax would
have been proposed on this occasion; that some distinction
would in the first instance be made between income and pro-
perty, by assessing property at a higher rate, preparatory,
perhaps, to the exemption of income, of the mere produce
of labour, wholly from its operation. Whether or not this
feeling will produce-any direct manifestation on the subject,
remains to be seen.—Times.

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE ELECTION.—The [ligh- Sheriff
has appointed Friday next, the 21st inst., for the election for
the county to take place, at Aylesbury, to choose a represen-
tative in the room of Mr. Charles Scott Murray, who vacated
his seat by accepting the Stewardship of the Chiltern Hun
dreds. There is not the remotest chance of any opposition
being offered to the return of Mr. Christopher Tower, of
Huntsmoor-park, near Iver, who is the only candidate for the
suffrages of the freeholders in the field. -Upwards of a cen-
tury ago a gentleman of the same name, and one of Mr.
Tower's ancestors, represented the borough of Aylesbury in
Parliament.
GRAVESEND AND ROCIIESTER RAILWAY, FEB. 15.
—This morning another accident occurred by an up train
dashing through the terminus at the station at Gravesend.
This This is the second occurrence that has happened within a
week—the train left Strood-end at nine o'clock in the morn-
ing, and in consequence of the accident the down-train was
were
delayed. a c.tosneslifdefrrotetthiemetr.ainl,t arpupnesaorffs,thanatd Thee
detaching i
from the velocity of the steam, proceeded by themselves withoute
control. Fortunately the passengers and carriages
saved from going into the basin of the canal, which is but a
slort distapcc (mu the 4tAtiOill

SOUTH WILTS ELECTION.
RETURN OF MR. SIDNEY HERBERT.
SALISBURY, SATURDAY.—A public breakfast was given
this morning at Wilton House, when upwards of 400 gentle-
men sat down in the large banquet-room, forming the right
wing of the Abbey.
Shortly before eleven o'clock the Rigliellon. Candidate
and his immediate friends left Wilton Abbey, escorted by a
large cavalcade, and proceeded to the hustings.
Wm. Wyndham, Esq., of llinton, then proposed, and John
Henry Jacob, Esq., seconded, the nomination of Mr. Sidney
llerbert, amidst loud applause.
No other candidate being proposed, the Hon. Sidney Her-
bert was declared duly elected.
Mr. SIDNEY HERBERT then came forward and said, if they
would honour him with a patient hearing, he would not
detain them by any long speech ; but he would briefly and
simply state to them the grounds on which he claimed their
suffrages that day. It was now 12 years since he first offered
himself as their candidate ; he then was a very young man,
first emerging into public life. He then asked them for
their suffrages upon his word, pledged for his faithfulness,
upon trust and credit for any abilities which he might pos-
sess to advance the public interest.—(Loud cheering.) It
was possible that during that time he might have made some
mistakes, for he would admit the fallibility ef man—(Cries
of " No, no")—more especially when dealing with compli-
cated questions. He conceived that the course he had gene-
rally taken had been of a nature to conciliate their support,
because it had proved to be in unison with the general
opinions of his censtituency.—(Great cheering.) He said
he was happy to congratulate them on the improved con-
dition of the country during the last three years. At the
commencement of that period the present Government came
into office, when they found a sad deficiency in the revenue,
which was increasing every year, in consequence of which
national credit was at stake, for the books were balanced
on the wrong side.—(Hear.) Trade was failing throughout
the country, and the manufacturing interests were in a state
of alarming distress. Many mills were closed, and great
suffirring prevailed throughout those districts from the want
ef a demand for their goods.—(Hear.) Then, in India, war
spread terror and alarm, and threatened the stability of that
portion of our empire, while in other parts abroad feelings of
hostility and jealousy prevailed on all sides, distrusting
every measure this country might adopt. Now this state
of things required the most prudent, moderate, and en-
lightened policy, so as to restore international bonds
of friendship, and so as to place things on a better and surer
basis.—(Cheers.) To effect the first they had recourse to a
tax which did not increase the burdens of the poor—he
meant the income-tax, which was borne only by those pos-
sessed of property, while, on the other hand, they removed
several imposts on articles of food and clothing, the consump-
tion chiefly of the poorer classes.—(Cheers.) By this tax
they had converted a deficiency of 2,000,0001. into a surplus
of 3,000,0001. By thus judiciously removing the shackles
uponlthe commerce of the country, our exports had been in-
creased, and thereby a much larger amount of manufacturing
industry had been called into action than was ever before re-
membered by man In this country.—(Loud cheering.) In
addition to this prosperity they found that at the present time
there were 80,000,0001. invested in railway speculations,
which would of course be expended in the employment of
labour and encouragement of industry, which would give
employment to vast numbers of the population.—(Cheers.)
There was but one more topic to which he would allude—
that relating to the change which had taken place in the
condition of the sister country.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.")
They had heard of agitation and discontent there almost
bordering on rebellion, and at the same time tending to the
dismemberment of the two countries. Tranquillity, how-
ever, in that unhappy country (Ireland) bad been effected
by the exertion of the ordinary powers of the law alone,
and a state of contentment had been produced. He trusted
that he should live to see the day when they would be en-
abled to legislate fur their Roman Catholic fellow-subjects in
a generous and free spirit ; and the Government, with this
object in view, looked forward to a very improved state of
society in that part of her Majesty's dominions—a state in
which capital might be safely invested there, and consequently
a state in which much might be done to improve the social
condition of the Irish people.—(Loud cheering.) He would
again thank them most cordially for the honour they had
done him by again electing him as their representative, and
he would assure them that, to the best of his ability, he
would strive to promote the prosperity of the country at
large, by assisting in the successful operation of the measures
introduced by the Government, including those mentioned
in the House last night; which would materially- tend to in-
crease the comforts of the lower orders, and the prosperity
of all classes.—(Hear, hear.)
Three cheers were then given for Mr. Herbert.
The Right Hon. Gentleman then rejoined the procession,
which escorted him to the White Hart Hotel, where he again
briefly returned thanks for their kindness.
The sheriffs' banquet was held shortly after this re-election,
which was well attended by the greater portion of those
before referred to.

RAILWAY BUSINESS IN PAR-
LIAMENT.

COMMITTEES ON PETITIONS FOR PRIVATE BILLS
FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.
MONDAY, FEB. 17.
Wakefield, Pontefract, and Goole Railway.
Manchester and Leeds Railway.
Manchester and Leeds Railway (Burnley Branch and Old-
ham and Heywood Branches Extension).
London and South-Western Railway, No. 1 (Metropolitan
Extension).
Ashton, Stalybridge, and Liverpool Junction Railway (Ard-
wick and Guide Bridge Branches).
Leeds and West Riding Junction Railway.
West Yorkshire Railway.
Leeds, Dewsbury, and Manchester Junction Railway.
Richmond (Surrey) Railway.
York and Scarborough Railway Deviation.
Manchester and Birmingham Railway (Ashton Branches).
Leeds and Bradford Railway Extension (Shipley to Colne).
Norwich and Brandon Railway Deviation and Diss and Dere-
ham Branches.
London and Yoik Railway.

TUESDAY, FEB. 18.
Shrewsbury and Birmingham Railway.
Cockermouth and Workington Railway.
Whitby and Pickering Railway.
Hull and Selby (Bridlington Branch) Railway.
Kendal and Windermere Railway.
Chester and Birkenhead Railway Extension.
Lancaster and Carlisle Railway.
Guildford, Chichester, and Portsmouth Railway.

FRIDAY, FEB. 21.
Caledonian Railway.
Monkland and Kirkintilloch Railway.
Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway.
Glasgow, Dumfries, and Carlisle Railway.
Great Grimsby and Sheffield Junction Railway.
Huddersfield and Manchester Railway and Canal.
Manchester South Junction and Altrinchara Railway.

NOTICES GIVEN AT THE PRIVATE BILL OFFICE,

FRIDAY, FEB. 14.
Leeds and Thirsk Railway—Committee on Petition, Tues-
day, Feb. 25.
Varnsley Junction Railway—Committee on Petition, Tues-
day, Feb. 25.
Huddersfield and Sheffield Junction Railway—Committee
en Petition, Tuesday, Feb. 25.
York and North Midland (Goole Branch) Railway—Com-
mittee on Petition, Tuesday, Feb. 25.
London, Worcester, and South Staffordshire Railway—
Committee on Petition, Tuesday, Feb. 25.
Manchester, Bury, and Rossendale (Heywood Branch)
Railway—Committee on Petition, Tuesday, Feb. 25.
Bridgwater Navigation and Railway—ommittee on Peti-
tion, Tuesday, Feb. 25.
Guildford, Chichester, and Portsmouth Railway—Com-
mittee on Petition, postponed from Monday, Feb. 17, till
Tuesday, Feb. 18.

SOUTH DE VON RAILWAY.—Great progress is being
made with the works of this undertaking in St. Thomas.
The stone arches over Okehampton •street and Alphington-
street are completed, while that over Cowick-street is in a
state of great forwardness. The ballast along the line is
nearly laid for a considerable length, and no doubt is enter-
tained but that it will be ready for opening at the time ap-
pointed, should nothing unforeseen interfere with the laying
of the rails and the atmospheric apparatus. Great credit ap-
pears to be due to Messrs. Carpenter and Chesterfield, the
contractors for this portion of the line, for the efficient and
expeditious manner in which they have carried on the works.
—Woohner's Exeter Gazette.

The Right Hon. the Speaker of the House of
Commons commenced his Parliamentary dinners on Saturday
last, at the Right Hon. Gentleman's mansion in Eaton-
square. As customary at the first of these Parliamentary
entertainments, the leading members of the Government in
the House of Commons were invited. The company present
included the Earl of Lincoln, Earl of Jerilyn, Lord Arthur
Lennox, Lord Charles Wellesley, Lord Ernest Bruce, the
Right Hon. H. L. Corry, the Right Hon. Henry Goulburn,
the Right Hon. Sir George Cockburn, the Right Hon. Sir
James Graham, theJudge-Advocate, Sir Thomas Fremantle,
Sir George Clerk, the Attorney-General for Ireland, the Lord
Advocate, the Hon. Capt. Gordon, the Hon. W. Bingham
Baring, the Hon. H. Manners Sutton, the Solicitor-General,
Mr. G. W. Hope, Mr. H. Baring, Mr. Young, Mr. Pringle,
and Mr. Cardwell. Sir R. Peel was prevented from dining
with the Speaker, the Right Hon. Baronet having received
her Majesty's commands to repair to Brighton. Rear-Ad-
miral Bowles, Lieut.-Col. the Hon. Dawson Darner, Mr.
Miles Gaskell, and Mr. Greene, were unavoidably absent.
RESTORATION OF THE PORTLAND VASE.—At the
meeting of the Society of Antiquarians on the 13th inst.,
the recent demolition of the Portland vase, in the British
Museum, was adverted to. Mr. Hindus said it was some
consolation to them and to the public that the miscreant
had not succeeded to the full extent of his wish. It was
but too true that nothing could restore to them the vase
itself ; but genuine copies had fortunately been made. The
late Pichler, the eminent engraver of gems, struck with its
beauty, moulded the vase at Rome. This mould was put
into the hands of Mr. Tassi ; and after a certain number
(only a few) of casts were made, it was destroyed. The
Marquis of Exeter, Mr. A. Pellatt, and he himself (Mr.
Windus), possessed copies. Sir Henry Ellis stated that the
British Museum had also one of these copies, which would,
as early as possible, be exhibited to the public. The vase
by Wedgewood, it appears, is only a modern copy, and not
cast from the original. Sir Henry Ellis also stated that the
vase had not sustained so much injury as was expected ;
that the principal figures were preserved, and persons em-
ploied in the Museum would be able to put it together again.
The Right Hon. the Speaker will hold two levees
this session, the first on Saturday, the Ist, and the second on
Saturday, the Bth of March.
HIGHLAND SOCIETY OF LONDON.—This Society
held their first general meeting for the season on
onLieutenant-
Saturday
last, at the Clarendon Hotel, New Bond-
General Sir James Macdonell, President,indee d inniatglineilcicheanirt.
stly'llmee,
dinner was served up in elegant,
and the wines were of the choicestt description. The evening
passed off in the mcst convivi
ilvpresent and social manner, bringing
n athe days of "Auld
back to the recollection of il n
fang syne."
Our attention has been drawn to the fact that the
town of Pontypool, in the parish of Trevethin, containing a
p ulation of more than 15,000 persons, has not had the
Le.o4:etit of a money-order office extended to it. We think
this must be an oversight of the Post office authorities.
DEATH OF JAMES BiscnorF, ESQ.--We announce
with sincere regret the death of this excellent and amiable
man, the author of the " History of the Woollen and Worsted
Manufactures," and of several valuable pamphlets, intended
to promote the repeal of the wool duty and the corn-
laws. Mr. Bischoff was a Leeds man, brother of the late
Thomas Bischoff, and brother-in-law of the Messrs. Stans-
field. Though settled in London, he was connected by trade
with Yorkshire, and he was one of the most zealous, inde-
fatigable, prudent, and enlightened promoters of the repeal
of the mischievous duty on foreign wool. Mr. Bischoff was
possessed of extensive mercantile and statistical information,
and such was the known soundness of his judgment that he
was often consulted by Mr. fluskisson and other Ministers
at the Board of Trade. Mr. Bischoff was a sound Whig, and
ardently attached to civil and religious liberty. In private
life, he was respected and beloved for his kindliness, sincerity,
and rectitude; and to his widow and numerous family the
less is irreparable.—Lads Mercur,y.

OXFORD CONVOCA'IIOI4.
LETTER FROM MR. WARD.
Balliol College, Feb. 13.
Mr. Vice-Chancellor,--I entertain so much respect for the
authority of the House of Convocation, when acting within
its legitimate province, that I think a statement of the rea-
sons which led me to consider my position in the University
morally unaffected by what has passed to-day, is due to you
and to all those who have been instrumental in promoting
the censure voted against me. Of course lam not now re-
ferring to the act of degradation, the validity of which will
be the subject of legal decision. I refer to the former of the
two resolutions passed in convocation ; a resolution which,
as it in effect pronounces certain theological propositions
published by me (and to which I firmly adhere), inconsist-
ent with the Thirty-nine Articles, might seem, at first sight,
to impose upon me the obligation of voluntary retirement
from all these rights and privileges within the University,
for which subscription to the Thirty-nine Articles is a quali-
fication. Could Ibe satisfied that convocation is the true
"imponens " of the Articles upon members of the University,
so as to be capable of authoritatively determining the sense
in which they ought to be subscribed, I should not be dis-
posed to inquire how far subscription is necessarily to be con-
sidered a continuing act, nor should I hold myself at liberty
to subscribe any longer in the sense which convocation has
repudiated. I should in that case at once relinquish my
position in the University.
But I think it will be obvious to every one, that my duty,
under ouch circumstances, must depend essentially upon the
question, whether convocation is the true imposer and the
competent interpreter of subscription, or not. If not, it is
plainly beyond the power of convocation, either by the ge-
neral condemnation of any particular modes of interpreting
the Articles, or by the express condemnation of that sense in
which I myself subscribe, to acquire any moral authority
over my conduct in this respect.
If convocation cannot rule affirmatively the sense in which
members of the University shall subscribe, it necessarily fol-
lows that convocation cannot rule negatively the sense in
which members of the University shall not subscribe. • Now
it is well known that the question, whether convocation is
legally capable of requiring members of the University to
declare that they subscribe the Articles in a particular sense,
has been lately the subject of consideration by legal authori-
ties ; and it has been held by those authorities (nor, as far as
I know, has it been disputed by others) that the Articles are
imposed, and the sense of subscription determined, by the
law of the land; and that the judges of ecclesiastical-courts
alone have the power authoritatively to declare that sense,
while the Supreme Legislature alone has the power of: alter-
ing or adding to it. Under these circumstances, great and
sincere as is my respect for the House of Convocation, I can-
not feel that any obligation whatever is laid upon me, in
conseqience of the events of this day, to act for the future
upon any different view of subscription to the Articles, from
that on which I have hitherto acted, and which is expressed
in my work and pamphlets.—l remain, Mr. Vice-Chancellor,
your faithful servant,

WILLIAM GEORGE WARD.
OXFORD, FEB. 14.—Mr. Frederick Oakeley, Senior Fellow
of Balliol College, has addressed the following letter to the
Vice-Chancellor, in connexion with these proceedings :
" Balhol College, Oxford, Feb. 14, 1845.
" Mr. Vice-Chancellor,—The vote of convocation upon the
two propositions submitted to it at the meeting of yesterday,
seems to make it imperative that I should address a few
words to you with the view of clearing my position in the
University. , _

" I am anxious then to draw your attention to the follow-
ing passage in the preface to a pamphlet which I forwarded
to you about six weeks ago, and which you acknowledged by
return of post with that courtesy and kindness which I have
ever experienced at your hands :
" I have no wish to remain a member of the University,
or a minister of the Church of England, under false colours.
I claim the right which has already been asserted in another
quarter, of holding (aA distinct from teaching) all Roman doc-
trine, and that, notwithstanding my subscription to the
Thirty-nine Articles.'—(Subject of Tract XC. historically
examined, &c. Preface, p. xiii.)
" In a Tract which I put out during the last fortnight, I
have stated that these words were published ' with the fullest
deliberation.'* I appropriated and repeated them in that
Tract ; and here, with the same deliberation and distinct-
ness, I again appropriate and repeat them.
" A statement on the subject of subscription tantamount,
in substance, to the above is made, as I need hardly say, in
the course of the extracts from ' The Ideal of a Christian
Church,' upon which convocation yesterday expressed an
opinion.
And, as it must also be unnecessary for me to ob-
serve, it is to this statement that I refer in the above passage
where I speak of the right which I claim having been already
asserted in another quarter.'
" This right having been apparently called in question by
the vote of yesterday, it seems to me quite necessary, with
a view to the defence of my own position, that I should
publicly state in what light I regard that vote.
" I consider it, then, as expressing a certain opinion upon
a series of extracts from a particular work, comprehending a
variety of statements, my agreement with which I am in no
way called upon either to affirm or deny, except in the single
instance, relating to the question of subscription to the
Articles, in which I have already declared that I take pre-
cisely the same view of the case with Mr. Ward. Had the cen-
sure of Mr. Ward been limited to the single point of his state-
ment upon the subject of subscription to the Articles, the case
(as far as this part of my argument is concerned) might have
been otherwise. But as this statement is only involved in a
commendation with a variety of others, it is impossible, as I
conceive, to determine whether, in the minds of the proposers
and ratifiers of the measure, all the extracts are considered
to be at variance with the' good faith' of the author's sub-
scription, or only some of them, and if some only, then which
in particular of the whole number. I consider, therefore, that
convocation, in expressing an opinion upon these passages,
has by no means necessarily made any declaration with re-
spect to the question of subscription in particular, so as to
affect those, who, like myself, while appropriating Mr.
Wards's view of subscription, do not appropriate (nor yet
disclaim) other sentiments expressed in the selected pas-
sages. _ _ _

But if, in the judgment of the Board over which you
preside, and of the House of Convocation, 1 have rendered
myself personally liable to penalty by the declarations above
cited, 1 am anxious' not to shelter myself' (as I say in my
pamphlet) under the cover of supposed differences, as to
this matter of subscription, from others who have been di-
rectly assailed.'—(Preface, p. xii.) If, on the other hand,
I am allowed, after this plain and public declaration of my
sentiments, to retain my place in the University, I shall re-
gard such acquiescence as equivalent to an admission, on the
part of the academical authorities, that my own subscription to
the Thirty-nine Articles is not at variance with good} aith:'
" But I am here arguing upon the assumption that the
House of Convocation has a power to determine in what sense
members of the University shall, or shall not, subscribe the
Articles. I wish it, therefore, to be distinctly understood
that my argument so far has been purely one ad homines.'
I reserve to myself the power of disputing, if necessary, and
at the proper time, any such claim on the part of convoca-
tion. I consider myself to receive the Articles at the hands
of the University, solely as an organ and representative of the
Church of England, and, inasmuch as the Church of England
has nowhere declared against the sense in which I claim to
subscribe them, I accept them under no other limitations than
those which are imposed by my own conscientious belief
of their grammatical meaning, and the intention with which
they were at first put out, and are now proposed to me by
the Church of which I am a member.

" It is necessarily difficult, as I am sure you will perceive,
to word a document of this nature so explicitly as its very
purpose requires, without the appearance of presumption as
well as disrespect. I assure you that I would gladly have
embraced a different alternative, had any one presented
itself, which seemed to me equally consistent with duty both
to the University and to myself. But I am deeply and
deliberately satisfied that the course of frankness, whatever
present inconveniences or miscontructions it may entail, is
at once the kindest, and the fairest, towards all parties, as it
is undoubtedly also that which is most agreeable to my own
feelings. And I hope that this course will at least have the
effect of clearing from the very suspicion of insincerity, those
assurances of personal respect towards yourself with which
I am most conscientiously able to accompany it.—l have the
honour to be, Mr. Vice-Chancellor, your faithful humble
servant, " FREDERICK OAKELEY,
" Senior Fellow of Balliol College.
"The Rev. the Vice-Chancellor, &c."

* A Few Words to Members of Convocation, on Mr. Ward's Case.

A St. Petersburgh letter of the Ist informs us of the
death of Admiral Greig, in that city, on the 30th ult.
LEWES, SATURDAY EVENING.—Mr. George Baring
Kemp, the Liberal candidate, who, for the last three days
has been canvassing this borough, has this afternoon sent in
his resignation. Lord Dillon was the bearer of the commu-
nication to Mr. Fitzroy's committee. From the moment of
Mr. Kemp's first appearance here there was not a shadow of
chance for him. There is a split amongst the Whig party, in
consequence of some of the leading men wishing to let Mr.
Fitzroy walk over the ground now, in order to conciliate the
Conservatives, and get an easy scat for one Whig at the next
election. There prevails a sonsiderable feeling of dissatisfac-
tion in the borough in consequence of this proceeding. Those
electors who vote from principle feel that their franchise has
been nullified by this onesided attempt at compromise, for
such is the effect, call the proceedings by what name you
will. The nomination will take place on Monday, and, of
course, the Hon. Henry Fitzroy will be elected without op-
position. A band is parading the town this evening.
THE ATmosriiEßlC EAILWAy.—We understand
that Mr. Cubitt, the English engineer, has visited the esta-
blishment of M. Hallette, of Arras, near Calais, and inspected
his new plan of atmospheric railway; and that Mr. Cubitt
has expressed himself perfectly satisfied with the plan, and
has declared that he shall warmly advocate its adoption in
England.—Leeds Mercury.
RETIRED NAVY LIST.—We have heard from a
source generally well-informed, that it is the intention of
Government to make a retired list for the navy in all its
grades—after each officer has reached his 60th
year.—Hanp-
shire Independent.
FOREIGN VINEGAR.—The Commissioners of the
Customs having had under consideration the practice which
at present prevails
for duty by the acetomete ,
in ascerrtauipnoinng
ittsheimsptroerntagttilLofi
nvinegar
1
e referred
the scale country, and being of opinion with reference to the low rate
of duty chargeable upon that article, that
to in their minute of the 22d of September, 1843, relative to
the partial examination at this port of goods entered to be
warehoused for foreign exportation only, might with ad-
vantage be made applicable to the number of casks of vinegar
to be tried, for ascertaining the strength thereof, viz.:—ln
every 5 packages, or under, of each mark, 1 package ; from
6 to 11 inclusive, 2 packages; 12 to 18, 3 packages; 19 to 26,
4 packages ; 27 to 35, 5 packages; 36 to 45, 6 packages ; 46
to 56, 7 packages; 57 to 68, 8 packages; 69 to 81, 9 pack-
ages ; 82 to 95, 10 packages ; 96 to 110, 11 packages ; and at
the rate of one in ten of all above that number. It has been
resolved that the same be adopted accordingly in all cases
where no material variation of strength shall be found to
exist ; but where such variation shall be considerable, the
whole of the casks bearing the same mark be tested, and the
particulars thereof recorded. And directions have been
given to the officers at this port, and the collectors and con-
trollers of the several outpurts of the kingdom, to govern
themselves in future accordingly.
PRIMITIVE DWELLINGS.—In a court, or " wynd,"
as it is locally termed, in Leonard-gate, within a hundred
yards of the spacious mansion of an ex-mayor, may be seen
a couple of curious tenements, one inhabited by a small coal-
dealer, and the other by a retail sandman. Both are con-
structed of "raddle and daub" (einglicl•—sticks and mud),
and differ in 110 material respect frau an Indian wigwam,
save that the coal-dealer's has a more aristocratic entrance,
the body of an old post-chaise doing duty as porch. The
upper part of the court is rented by these two men, and Hie
grotesque erections alluded to are the work of their own
hands. Each has a wife and family, and in this latter term
may be included the sandman's horse, who, Arab-fashion,
sleeps in the same apartment with the wife and children of
his master.—Lancaster Guardian.
and
THE MIDLAND RAILWAY.—ID consequence of the
late accident on this railway, we understand that several alterations
the
Caotptiaohnys.haNT'ewb.oeeadn
cmhtaiodiewinpotlriteersstariavoef
been engaged
agenediployztdtbilye
.beenremoved,
his place supplied by a man. At Attenborough, since the gates were
Nottingham station ; and at Boeston the boy iI2S
smashed
by the London down train, the woman who had the care of
them has been discharged, and aalso man appointed there. The
number of servants Is therefore now precisely the same as it was be-
fore the tunalgantatiou.—XottinglictinJournal.