The Sun.
London, England, 1842-05-23 00:00:00

SERFAGE IN RUSSIA

LATE MEASURES.—" God is too high, and the
Czar too distant," was the ancient proverb which was
in the mouth of every Russian, till within late years,
when any idea was mooted among themselves upon
the improvement of the condition, either in a moral,
political, or social vie w. " But," observes a writer—
(See a clear and talented pamphlet " Russia under
Nicholas the First," Murray, 1841,)—who has
steadily regarded the reforms which have taken place
in late years, " when the Emperor Nicholas came
to the throne, he brought with him a strong. will,
and a mind full of activity Driven by the ne-
cessity of seeing things with his own eyes, he
spent a great portion of his time in rapid journeys
through the provinces He began to rouse the
moral corpse into a convulsive movement."
Among other measures, and new political organi-
zations which the Emperor, who has shown himself
since his accession to be altogether a Russian, none
has more worthily received the impress of the Im-
perial hand, than that which the ensuing paper pro-
poses to take into consideration—the attempted
emancipation of that immense body of people, known
by the appellation of " Serfs."
After effecting the work of forming a systematic-
collection of all the laws relative to the rights of
citizens, and the branches of public justice, known by
the name of the " Swod," the Emperor determined to
take into full consideration the " Serfage" of the em-
pire, and accordingly began this new and important
change in the higher branches of the administration
by an ukase bearing date the Bth of January, 1838.
By this ukase, the Emperor ordered a particular
ministry for the Imperial domains, at the head of
which Kisselew was placed. The object of this regu-
lation was to improve the condition of the Crown
Serfs, amounting to 21,500,000 souls, and to in-
troduce a better system for their taxation.
To what extent the Emperor's views have up to
the present moment been carried out, our readers axe
cognizant already, from foregoing papers and articles
in this journal.
SERFAGE—RETROSPECTIVE PEN, lEW.—Antecedent

to the time of the present Emperor, the state of the
serfs had received some notice, and indeed their
emancipation had been effected in some instances.
We take the fellowing brief view of their state, during
the fifteen years preliminary to the Emperor's time.
The serfs at the beginning of this period acquired
some legal protections against the caprice of their
masters, and the great work of emancipation began
in the Baltic provinces.
In 1818, the nobility of Courland abolished vil-
lenage. In 1819, the l-Avonian nobles made a pro-
vision for its gradual extinction, by which all serfs
born after that year were declared to be born free,
and all bondage was to cease after 1826.
In 1822, the Crown peasants of the provinces, were
permitted, by imperial :;ukase, to settle on the fertile
lands in Siberia,, and grants of wild lands in the
southern districts were made to military veterans.
Here let us note, that in the military colonies, there
are no serfs.—(See the Philadelphian Encyclopaedia.)
In 1823, the Emperor directed the Imperial Coun-
cil to take measures for preventing the ' sale of the
serfs, independently of that of the land to which
they were attached.
Such, down to the present time, are a few of the
ameliorative measures made for this vast body of
people.
POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS OF SERFAGE.—We now
proceed succinctly to notice the different grades of
serfs, and peculiarities attached to them :
The serfs constitute the lowest class of the inha-
bitants of Russia, and as they do not enjoy any per-
sonal privileges,. they cannot (according to the ex-
pression of the ukase of the 10th of March, 1813), be
deprived either of honour or good name. They pay
the capitation tax, and are subject 'to military con-
scription. Beside their agricultural pursuits, they
are allowed to engage in handicraft, and some minor
trades, as keeping inns in villages, &c. By pur-
chasing licenses they may engage in any kind of
commerce, even that which is carried on by merchants
of the first guild, but they do not enjoy the personal
privileges of the merchants.
THE CROWN SERFS.—These live on the estates be-
longing to the Crown. They pay, besides the capi-
tation tax, a rent for their grounds. They even elect
some of their authorities, and each commune among
them (a no/ost of five hundred male individuals) elects
every two years its chief, called head. The Crown
serfs may pass into the higher classes of burghers and
merchants.
SERFS OF THE APPANAGE ESTATES.—The condition
of these differs little from that of the Crown peasants,
they being reserved for the maintenance of the -impe-
rial family.
THE COMMON SERFS.—The landowner's peasants-
or serfs, are generally allowed to be complete slaves.
Their master can inflict on them such punishment as
he chooses, but he is not permitted to kill, to starve to
death, or to main his serf. A, serf cannot contract
marriage, without the permission of the master. The
prnedial serf cannot, as We have observed, be sold
without the ground to which he is attached, but th{
domestic serf may be sold like any other chattel. An
ukase of 1808, however, prohibits the sale of serfs at
fairs or by auction, or as sub-titutes for recruits. An
accusation of a serf against his master, except in
cases of high treason, is not admitted ; and he who
prefers such a charge is liable to punishment.
The serfs are indeed, by law, considered as things,
not as persons ; attached to the soil, they are incapab!(•
of possessing any property in land ; they may be
b.)ught, sold, or.exchangea, with little more restric-
tions than are enacted in dealing for cattle; they are
divided into agricultural, mining, and-manufacturing
or domestic slaves, and have their condition only im-
proved when drawn for military service.
A clever writer has attempted to show (see a
pamplet published by Hatchard, Piccadilly, en-
titled " Russia as it is, and not as it has been
represented," 1838, Bvo.—p. 7) that serfage in
Russia is not slavery, but is, properly, vassal-
age, and endeavours to support this view by show-
ing that there is no word in all the books en
Russian legislation to signify a slave. Serf or pea-
sant is called in Russian, Krestianin, but when spoken
of in relation to the lord of the soil, he is named
Krapostnoe Chelovek, or bondsman; a name at once,
he observes, indicative of the contract existing be-
tween him and his lord. Otherwise, continues the
writer, he would have been styled Rab, or slave, a
word nowhere to be found in Russian legislative acts.
STATISTICS OF SERFAGE.—In 1782, the body of
the serfs amounted to 6,678,000 males.
From the tables published by the Imperial Aca-
demy of Sciences of St. Petersburgh, M. Weyde-
meyer states, as appears by the " Essai d'une Sta-
tisque Generale de l'Empire de Russie," by Schnitz-
ler (See Appendices. No. 11, De la Population de
l'Empire, p. 410), that by the census of 1811, the
class of serfs amounted, in the aggregate, that year,
to 36,000,000; but this estimate has been since shown
to be altogether over-rated, and arose from an inju-
dicious calculation on that statistician's part.
A more accurate and official calculation sets down
the number for that year as follows :
The Crown peasants (Encyclopedia Americana,
vol. 2, p. 221) amounted to 6,398,279 serfs or
peasants ; belonging to individuals, 10,113,177 ; ap-
panage serfs, 1,077,636 ; making for that year a total
of 17,580,092 serfs.
From the official calculation of the year 1839, for
the whole empire, the result for the year 1836 set
down the Crown peasants and serfs of St. Petersburgh,
the metropolis alone, at 126,313 souls.
TYRANNY OF TIME SERF LORDS.—Dr. Lyall com-
plains of the oppression under which these serfs, in
many cases, groan. He states that sosnetimes, when
exasperated, they sacrifice their tyranbising masters,
a lot which is, however, more frequently dealt upon
their overbearing stewards. The irritated boors march
in a body, the oppressor is murdered, and no single
individual is responsible.
At the time of Porter's residence in Russia, a
gentleman having by some severities incurred the
hatred of his slaves, who were employed in a d's-
finery, they seized him one day, and threw him into a
large boiler of hot spirits. The murder was not d:s-
covered for some days afterwards. Ten or fifteen
of the perpetrators were knouted, and banished to
Siberia.
UNJUST ExamoNs.—The calves, the hens, the
chickens, the eggs, the milk, and the vegetables Of the
serf are not at all unfrequently laid under unjust con-
tribution by the lords. They contrive that their
people shall make presents to them. Sometimes
little ceremony is used, and an order is sent to each
serf, . produce forty or fifty eggs for his master's
Easter feast. Even the coarse linen, which is made
by most of the women. serfs in the village, is shame-
fully pillaged. The lot, however, of the serfs of the
richer and more benevolent nobles, as those of most of
the Sheremetefs, the Galitzins, the Dolgorukis, the
Orlofs, &c., is much envied by the common people.
SERF TAX OF THE OBROK.—The law obliges every
proprietor of vassals to furnish them with is sufficient
quantity of land for their own use : they work three
days for the lords, and three for themselves. Others,
by their own desire,' are put upon Obrok, as it is
termed ; that is, to pay the lord so much a head per
annum, instead of working for him. Those who
have been taught a trade of any sort pay him a higher
obrok than a mere cultivator, and he receives a pass-
port to go and reside where he pleases ; serfs who
become traders pay a very high obrok. This obrok
throughout Russia, generally speaking, is about I'4
to 15 roubles per annum, and, even on the ,best lands,
rarely exceeds 25 :Ambles a head per annum, including
Government taxes.—(Russia as it is, 1833, p. 17.)
FARE AND HIRE OF THE SERFS.—Seven shillings
and sixpence a week is the general pay of the serf
labourer in the field, and the'best hands in the manu-
factories can only earn nine shillings and sixpence a
week.--(Excursions into Russia and its Interior,
passim.) From this •it arises; that no people in
Europe are so coarsely fed as the Russians: 'Their
daily fare consists of pickled cucumbers, cabbages,

and mushrooms, with a piece. of black bread. Fish',
and butcher's meat are great rarities.
EDUCATION OF THE bERFS.—.Bad, perhaps, the
education of the serfs is at the present inoineut, the
Emperor Nicholas, desirous as he appears to improve
their state, has, it seems, nevertheless, been highly
cautious of raising their intelligence above a certain
point.
In 1836, practical schools for agriculture and trade
were opened, and in five imperial universities, the Go-
. vernment founded agricultural lectureships. But
these, however, were far from heing intended for the
benefit of the serfs ; for, on the contrary, a remark-
able edict of the 21st May, 1837, (" Russia under
Nicholas the First," pp. 40-1, ut ante), requires stricter
attention to the previous laws, and restrains the serfs
to an education in the inferior district and parochial
schools,• forbidding their admission to the practical
schools, or to those of the higher sciences, because
this would be a dangerous admixture of different
classes, and would produce a too glaring contrast be-
tween their civic rights and intellectual powers.
The precise words of this ukase, dividing all the
schools of Russia into three classes-=high, middle, and
I low, order that the serfs should be only admitted to
the third class, " in order that they may not be ex-
cited to rise above their condition." Contrary, how-
ever, to this, it may be stated that since 1838-9, lec-
tures have been instituted for handicraftsmen, em-
bracing mechanics, chemistry, physics, technology,
and Metallurgy at the other Russian universities,
which have been attended with excellent effect. In-
deed, under the Emperor, in the twelve years from
1826 to 1847, more than 460 new schools have been
established.
That the philanthropic scheme which the Emperor
Nicholas has now in view may receiye some speedy
impetus towards accompliShment is to be wished for
by every lover of his race. Some FREE SERFS do
exist : he has it in his pow er to create a nation of
freemen. The commencement of freedom in
,this
great but oppressed body began under the Emperor
Alexander, leaving them subject only to the capita-
tion-tax, and military conscription, and the worthiest
and most important work his autocratic successor can
effect is to cast aside their chains altogether, and
stamp the blessing of comparative liberty upon the
brow of twenty-four millions.

TilE AMENDEU SPICE TARIFF

TO THE EIWIT 110 N. SIR It. I LLL, llma.
SIR,—My father became a spice planter in the pro-
vince of Malabar, in Western India, forty-four years
;ion In 1828 I soccoeded him. lam thus the oldest
British landholder in India, and almost the sole British
spice planter. The other planters, in number many
thousands, are all natives. They are thsmstuais of Miles
distant, helpless, and unable to wait upon you in depu-
tatiow, headed by Members of Parliament,.to urge and
explain how the new tariff affects them. This their
.3ituation %rill, I um sure, secure your attention. while I,
on their behalf; state their case as briefly as I can, in-
stancing one article only, and leaving you to make the
application to all other products of their industry.
Pepper is the staple production of Malabar. Almost
within the memory of man, Malabar supplied the whole
world with this spice, as it had done for previous ages
(just as India once supplied the world with cotton and
sugar). At the present time, fifty years after the East
India Company's dominion, Malabar-supplies only one-
twelfth part,* the other eleven parts having bent forced
into existence (like cotton in the United States in the
same period) in Borneo, Celebes,. and the other nu-
merous eastern islands, but chiefly along the. west and
south-west coasts of Sumatra, a cession mad 6 to tlolland
in 1834. . .

• .In the new tariff, first published, pepper from British
plantations wet rated at 3d. per lb., foreign at 6d.
In the amended tariff, all pepper, British or foreign,
is rated at. 6d. I respectfully Stibmit that this change
ought not to be made, and for the following reasons::—
The undertnentioned seven islands and places in the
Eastern straits, coasts, and Archipelago, are all free Bri-
tish ports, open to the trade of all nations, without duty,
tax, or impost of any kind being levied upon their com-
modities, or, I believe, their shipping ; namely, Penang,
Malacca, Singapore, Moulmein, Mergui, Tavoy, and
Manahan. In. Penang there is no land-tax, in the
others almost a nominal one. There are there no mo-
nopolies, as in India, of opium, salt, and tobacco. Every
financial charge of those settlements, civil, military, ma-
rine, medical, ecclesiastical, judicial and police, all
charges for stores, convicts, and public works, all pay,
pensions, and retirements, are borne by the people of
Continental India, and paid.out of the revenue.raised
from them. They also furnish the troops required to
protect those settlements from attack.
In all continental India, there is not one free port
similar to the above. In India generally, and in South
India especially, every single article of produce pays im-
port and export duty coastwttys, varying from eight to
sixteen per cent. In Malabar every article pays duty
from port to port, in the province, besides stamps and
fees. Pepper, for example, if taken, as from Deal to
Dover, four miles, pays fifteen per cent., whether in a
British or foreign bottom. Inland, almost every article
in South India pays transit duty. No Foreign Power,
' not having settlements in continental India. can trade
to any other than the three principal portii, Calcutta,
Madras, or Bombay, All the intermediate ports are ex-
cluded, therefore, by express treaties, made by England
for its own behoof, from direct foreign trade.
Besides these duties, inhaul and sea, there is levied a
land-tax throughout continental ladle, the s,,t.led pro-
vinces of Bengal ; which amounts, it is 'com-
puted, to at least rty per cent. of the gross produce of
the soil that is to sa :er cent. more titan the
,pttretne rent 1,-.vied, or o ,:„pie, in any caller eouietry.
The Court of Directors .;1 ye declarod their (4..inikm, that
the net rent of ti;e land be taken in Malabar, no injus-
.ei• will be done to the Prop' ietor:;. I may here ask, if
:te whole rental of the United Kivdonit w,,re taken as
tax by the State, would it enter the mind Of any sane
'aan to levy au expert duty upon all the prodtre, or
ed any other tax at all?

Further, tie debt, home and foreign. charged up, ,n the
people of India amounts to about 40,000,0001. sterling.
The gross annual revs note levied upon them is between
15,000,0001. or 16,000,0001. The su:n remitted by them
to England, as tribute, without an equb silent return, is
3,600,0001. a year. Besides an army of 260,000 'men,
they pay for a Civil Government in India, the most ex-
pensive known ,•---they pay also it r a double Govern_.
ment in E2gland. They pay for one college at Hailey-
bury, for another at Addiscombe, and for a numerous
recruiting staff throughout the three kingdoms. They
pay and pension bishops, archdeacons, chaplains, and
ministers, not of their faith. They are to pay the whole
expenses, past and to come, of the Affghan war ; they
are to pay, in the first instance, the expenses of the Chi•
nese war ; they are to pay for the late preparations
for war against Burmah on the east, and l'eusia on the
west ; they pay 12,0001. a year for the Queen's Embassy
to Persia; and, besides paying, they are required to go
on shedding their blood in tens of thousands in A ff-
ghanistan • and China, and this because it is the interest,
or the policy, or the madness, of England so to will.
Sir, this is not the condition of the people in the eastern
settlements, nor in the foreign islands of the Archipelago,
nor in any other portion of the known world.
While the people of India thus pay and bleed in every
region, to them the most important clause in the East India
Company's Charter remains a dead letter, and, they con-
tinue to be rigidly and systematically excluded from all
share in their own Government, and. kept out of every
office of real trust, dignity, and emolument in their Own
country, save the titular office of Justice of the Peace at
the three presidencies, for which they are indebted, to
Lords Brougham and Glenelg and Sir Charles Forbes.
Does the world's history present another example like
this? Is the produce of this people, by the exchange of
which alone they can escape starving, still to be treated
as foreign in the United Kingdom, and classed with that
of the barbarous Malays and pirates of the Archipelago,
who are enabled to undersell them in that and every
other market by means of the money which the British
Government take from them for the purpose?
Not only. however, is this the policy, but it is declared
to be the interest of England to treat India as. a foreign.
country ! Sir, were kin the power of your neighbour
to make yott cultivate his estate at your expense, and
could he also oblige you to pay a heavy toll upon your
produce when you took it to market, while he himself
took and sold hiS'COSt and toll-free, the effect, I ima-
gine, would be either that he would ruin, by under Selling,
you in every market at home or abroad, or that he would
gain all the difference between the cost of yonr pro !me
and his own. If your neighbour's estate were in France,
his gain would be the gain of that country, to your clear
and positive loss, and to the loss of your country.
If India be a British possession, or, to use a more
home illustration, a British estate, in the sense of what
it produces; and if it be not this, what, may I ask, is it ?
Such, precisely, is the operation of the treatment of its
people upon the real interests of England. Wars on all
sides are waged, enormous debts and expenses incurred,
anti fresh and distant conquests made, in themselves per-
fectly worthless. All the debt:, and expenses are, first
saddled upon India; then, to make these conquests of
some ostensible-value, they are generously proclaimed to
he tree marts of Jrat:e for the whole world. In order so
to maietain them, all the charges for protecting life, per-
son, anti property, for distributing justice, and keeping
the public pence, are imposed upon the people of India,
who, to meet these charges, are made to groan under
odious monopolies and ruinous taxes, the latter laid Upon
the very same commodities of their own growth which,
when imported into these marts from fereign parts, are
there admitted duty free. Every man must see that, to
the extent of these debts and expenses, and of all these
charges and taxes, India is impoverished and rendered
worthless to England, and foreign countries, her com-
petitors in the general market, enriched and made
gainers.
To complete the full measure of injustice. and impo-
hey, almost too revolting to be conceived, the people of
India are treated as fereigners in the United Kingdom,
and made to compete even there with those producers
whose expenses they pay. It is not in one article that
they are thus treated—it is in all. In not one are they,
as producers, suffered to be put fm the same footing as
producers in every other country ;;tind, because they are
not so suffered, and bi cause they cons.quently starve
yearly in thousands, the British Pariament steps in,
and, without inquiry into the real cause, legalises their
wholesome deportation, under the name of comeassien
for the Hill Coolies !

In the particular article cited, the native planters
would not be more than compusated for their disad-
vantages by the difference of duty upon their produce,
which was proposed in the first new tariff. The amended
tariff recognises the justice and necessity of laying
differential duty upon the. coffee of Java, Sumatra,

• Present produce 2,500 tons.
" Net rental of England and Vales only, 62,V0,000V—.
Pour-law Report,

'h

Padang-, Rhio, and other tOreign eastern States, whic
d .dir( i•,, ~r through the British free
Fori,. 1 :Anicit no Wore Mita that the siwne
carried oit on the pepper of hose States, d for the saPi
reason, the in.lustice otin,rwise done to the 136661
colonial grower 6; who, in the instance of coffee, LI
principally Europeans ; in the instance of pepper, a°
natives—die only real difference in the two cases.
Principle be
You will permit me to bring one other circinstane!
to your prominent, and, I trust, timely.notice. Is
this—that, while the amended tariff greatly reducesthe
duty charged upon the many spices %%licit are the
luxuries of the aich and great of this . country,
it maintains the duty of 300 per cent upon pePPer;
the only condiment known to the poor want
within reach Of his means for the wholesome seasoning
of his" food.—l have the -honour' to be, Sir, your tn°sl
' obedient humble servant, F. C. BROWN.
20, jerinyn-street, April 16, 1842.

- .
THE CASE OF MR. t2.I4IATHVISi
In the Observer of last Sunday, a general-analysis °L
the schedule and otheedocuments filed In the Ins"lveri
Debtors' Court by Mr. C. Mathews, the late manager. .
Covent Garden.Theatre,.was given, and we now 1' ye
from the same sources, to state some further
relating to the speculations in which that gentleman stlit,
Madame-Vestris were concerned. In the first plalti,
may be stated, that the performers have subscribe"
_i..-
present Mr. C. Mathews and his with with an elegsei.
candelabrum, which has been made in testimony butll,he
approval of the late management of the theatre i .:0;
same will not be presented until after the final heat
of the caw, as it would become the property. of OP ep
portico's.
ditors ; and fur the same reason, no -benefit will talc
place, as it has been suggested should be give", ° /Ir,
count of the losses sustained in the establishment.'
.re
C. Mathews took his- benefit at. Cownt Garden ribe*the
on Saturday -night, and he was taken in execution 09:iii
following Monday ; the question theref;ire naturrrho
arose, w fiat had he done with the matey ? ''' is
question is. however, easily answered, by referenc",o
the schedule, in which is a statement showing ftllo,
he had anticir-ated the proceeding by . berrowints 00
rims sums of persons, to whom he gave ordorx.
Mr. Robertson, the treasurer, and they were paid nil
cordingly. in this way the money was dissipated, '0,3
Mr. Niathews left with a very few pounds. It seena
that the trip to America was an unfOrtunate on ,e
that a sum of 5001, remitted for the purposes 0, v.
Olympic Theatre, was an entire loss. Th• • renert“ .1
The 1., • ,p.
lance-sheet (which, by the practice of the Court, 11.,,1
cominpnee lima the earliest date in the schedule), sli,,;es
that 650/. was receiv,-,1 for thirteen nights' perforo,l';„,
at New York ; 404 for twelve nights at l'hilad,lra:
and 70C/ on the second' engagement at New York 411):,v
teen nights, making in the whole 1,7501. ; 4 hilst tilo-ir
penses were about 1,000/ It is stated on the sebr„;cts .
sheet, that from Easter to the closing, the peril'' -:av
above Si. a week received only half-salaries ; and hki?,„ro,
position to the debt of 6,166/, claimed by the propri,e, os
for arrears of rent, is a long statement setting I'oll,i:ret
agreement under which the theatre was taken, the ;it.
of which is to show that it was taken verbally fora bO,l
Moore, with an understanding that any sum , siA„ e
5,00 CL to 7.0001. a year would be accepted, after actcd
jug 60/ a week for his . own services and th.,"setbe
l'iladarne Vestris ; and until a recent period- bett;_feaig
close, he was not aware of the present claim, 0*,,60/,
pail ' during the three seasons the' sums of 5_,+°,00,
6,1501., and 2,384/. ; besides which last-mentioned "the
7001. would accrue from private boxes, and 1,400/. fOl/Irche
German Opera now performing at the theatre. 00
balance-sheet states that 750/. a year has been syeli,,d
household expenses,l4o/. a year for horse-hire and
."...0,
and 350/. a year for clothes and theatrical (103'0
Among the property detained by the proprietors e 4
clothes and theatrical. wardrobe to the estimated csitier
5001. There are no performers in the schedule osl
ditors for services rendered at Covent-gardenoind ti• •
few of those who were engaged at the Olympic. 4
names of various " money-lenders" are set forth i 10
with the law expenses, amounting to 4,500/. in less
five years, is indicatiVe of certain involvements.
sum of 3,0Q0/. was raised by way of annuity, which (00'
disappearedin payments. When Madame Vestris eig4
pounded with her creditors to about 8,600/, she rt',o
the money by sale of her own property, and.* sedil,
that her jewels alone were sold ,or 1,1001. A v"st,4
of information is given in the schedule. The then"o
speculations of the parties-the struggles behind. ~ifJ
scenes to pursue the career, whilst all was glitterlio
front-forms at once a curious arid instructive 10°4
those who look at more than the outside, or the UeeKl,
~1
up of appearances or to the realities 'of life.
0
THE MARKETS-SATURDAY'
NEWGATE AND LEADENHALL. VI
There was rather a short supply of trieat ; buyers'pur„ci 0'
moderately, and prices were the same as last week, v"'l,j, t'
exception of Veal, which was rather dearer Beef,. 2.5. t 1.%
35.•8 ~.; Mutton, 2s. 6d. to 3s. 10d. ; Veal, 3s. 2d. 045. if,
Pork, 2s. 4d. to 4s. Bd. ; Lamb, bs. 6d. to 6s. Pei, s iti
good supply, the demand limited, •at previous rates.' Pku
good supply, at 4s. to 6s. for 120.
WHITECHAPEL.
,
The trade was net good, and prices were hardly surrifyld
though the supply was moderate. Beef, 2z. Bd. to 3s. i,orl
Mutton, 2s. 4d. to 4s. ; Veal, 2s. Bd. to 4s. Bd.l , 9
2s. 2d to 4s. Bd. ;_ Lamb, 4s. 4d. to ss. Bd. Clover, 24'
to W. Bs. ; Hay, 2/ to 4/. 4s. ; straw, 1/. 10s. to 1/. 14''
• TEA MARKET. - - ste'
The demand very limited, with a tendency..
Company's Congou Is. 9d. cash.
• TALLOW MARKET. lot
to Tallow sold slowly, but holders required 475._ lot
to 48s. for parcels on the spot, and 495. for delivery in the
three months.
WOOL MARKET. , • di Ell
A fair business tratisieted, and fun rates paid for he"
fish and Foreign. The market altagether-100
ed 11E4°1'
~
'4! OIL MARKET. ~, soy;
Linseed Oil in demand at 345. per cwt. Olive Oil 'fir A.- ~pe
wanted, the supply small, and the demand good, PIO "-", fr'',
,-1.• _ lower r ,
32/. to 32/ 10s. per tun. • • ' ,040,
• - .4

Per Qua: ter.
Abingdon. .
A ndover
Barbrrry
Balt, ngstoke
Cirencester
Coventry
Daventry
Derby
i. owden.
Hungerford
Malt. n
Mai:len head
Nott i ng ham
Win tage
Warwick
Winchester,
York

COUNTRY CORN MAR

Wheat

S. to 5.
57 71'
6i 64
56 fit
6'
59 111

'6 61,
s 69

3arley.

2. to S.
26 :16
0
22 27
25 23
2i . :!5
21 29
t 6
24, 27
-
29 :17
`L'6 3
32 - 35
r 3 29
:411 34
8 3+4

Oats.

a. to
20 31
:0
1• 21
'8 i 5
2'2 31
11 :6
16 21
22 26

46 7r
f i 9 SO
5'2 73
56 (SA
69 74

ET.

Beans.

Yo :a
22 34
25 31
19 24
30 32
26 30

I
~`"" .n

a. to
35 41
so 40
34 43.
43 4.
..";
33
33 4 . 3t;
34 45

c • '"

/
yd /
4J /
/
31 if
33 /
40 /
/

36 44
37 40
36 46

4,
1 ''' /
s 0 --
-C2 1 - -20 3'l -- .., 1 ;
4
s. d. a. d. s. it. sd. A• 1 s.d. s. d. s• d. 1. -• li. 01
t
7p II 8 36 4 6 3 0 40.00 .0 3.
~,,i
-WAKEFIELD CORN 111 ARh FT. ~ to, rA
ly was moderate, and prices of Wheat, va fier"
:re rather higher. No variation- in. Saadi' 1
ticks. r tine
ff'
6.5- eii.'
s. Essex and Kent -s. s4s. to " onc,,,
il
Nortoll, liti Slitfillk . ....1. 58a. to I 28. , i.vi,
--- Lin. and Cam.
r.....------ Yorkshire -s. 565. it 631- dot 634
---, White
. -I e. to 6Fs• or
• f ep,
.
,------ Foreign, hed
.. ,i,(,,,
-------. White ...5. ...;11. to M.' dpf!'o,
Barley, Norfolk ani Suffolk
.-- ..- Lincolnshire
---- Yorkshire Wold
- Foreign -s. to --4.... odi,
tlearir, New
----- Oki
Oats, Potato
-•.- Poland
--- lerlezlamf and Small
---- luealing
it•lling
Malt
Rapeseed ••••.. --/.os 241.

Per Bushe'.
Birminghem

The suppl
Shelling, n•t
and other at
Wneat, Nt

CORNWALL MARKE
(Calculated at '24 gallons to the b

Wheat.

Barley,

--"--- u. d. to r. d. s. d. to s
Truro... ......... — 0 7 5 0
tiel.tene
St. Austell — 0 8 0 A
Bodtnin — 0 8 8 --- 0
Liskeard — 0 7 6 0
Launceston
Camel ford 6 6 7 C 3 ti
Penzance. 7 8 8 4 0

BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, 'MAY 2,
opened rather heavily after the holidays, as
London stated a further depression in .pric(....
close there was an improvement in the disposh
to some extent, from a feeling that sugars'
further at pre.ent. The arrivals during thr
4,000 mats, Mauritius; St. George, `2,300
mona, 370 hhds. ; Anna, 560 hits., II
Mercury.
The large wasps seen flying abou
May are the Qut•en wasps, and their
vents the birth of mvriads of wasps.
give s a shilling each l'or them, dead of
The Count de Brake, Marshal of S
named by the King of the French, Grand
of Honour.

The Captain of a vessel which arr
Tuesday from Hamburgh, which place he
inst., states, that in clearing away the ruii
which have been destroyed, 160 bodies bad
22 of them were in a cellar He state!
I.boo bons, s have been entirely destroyed,
as to be uninhabitable in their present state

tle.tn, New
----t) td
Plots, Potato —s to 2.4, 11 .0 ro
". '''
-...- Poland —s. —s. to ‘).2 -' HP t pi,
—. vrlot.lan,, and SniwP . .........
--- Nealing
ito.liing
Malt
Rapeq,ed -
CORNWALL MARKETS. ji
(Calculated at '24 gallons to the bushel.),
op, _.......<
...----
Wheat. 1 Barley. t 6,,,
.. ~
------- s. d. to t. cl. s. 0. is s. d. a. ••„• o
/0 '0
Truro --0 7 5 —(1 38— o '2,
ilel.tenc -.. 78— 0 3 1.1 •-- ;: "/,,
St. Austell ...... - 6 ,r,
liocimin --0 8 8 0 4 4 .-- 0
Liskearo — 0 76 0 36 0 /,,
Launceston ....
Camel ford 6 6 70! 3ti 3 4 260 , r
Penzance - ' ,i;e' '
„ , 015,',40
BRISTOL SUGAR MARKET, MAY 20.—UtIt• P v
(10‘
opened rather heavily after the holidays, as the aeo°llool,fei
London stated a further depres'icn in prices; but tolturcl? ‘ti
close there was an improvement in the disposition to Et er,,
to some extent, from a feeling that sugars might o°,llx/
further at pre,ent. The arrivals during the week ar%o;ii.
ii
4,000 mats, Mauritius; St. George, 2,300 bags, 8.141fi
mona, 370 hhds. ; Anna, 560 hhds., 118 tierces."7 oi
Mercury. , ril 00
,
'l'he large wasps seen flying about in /11:04,1,
May are the Qui.en wasps, and their desire. 1.,"
vents the birth of myriads of wasps. Earl kitk Jo)
give s a shilling each for them, (lead 0' alive. 1,511t;i
The Count de Brake ~
Marshal of Sweden, ,11,` Le`
named by the King of the French, Grand Cross of t"- ea'
of Honour. ~/0.,f t",011'
The Captain of a vessel which arrived att v 04.2!"
Tuesday from Pamburgh, which place he quitted ottboil'rooi
irst., states, that in clearing away the ruins of the ,1011,01
which have been destroyed, 160 bodies bad already bletilkoril°
'22 of them were in a cellar He states, a514%0 il'i
1.500 housis have been entirely destroyed, and 7`.l' ` ' 1
ai to be uninhabitable in their i resent state. ,''
---- - 06.
B 111 TII S. of .110'
0,, the 1. th Mat., at Endsleigh-stri et, Mrs. Mellortoebi
On the 19th inst., at Grove-end-road, St. Johns'° ,00'
of .11,t
Firminger, of a daughter. n
On the 19th in-t , the lady of Binstecil Gastilee, Es;'.,
uare'
On the 19th inst., in Montague-street. Hassell*" t
Cillit'
lady of John 101 ton, Esq., of a daughter. c. ,
On the 19th inst., at Bedford, tho lady of the Ile
SAO
i)"
Brereton, B.C. L. , of a sen. bit
On the 19;h inst., at the Parsonage, Leaven-hts
the wife ot the Rev. H. T . rry, of a .
Olt the 20th inst.. Mrs. PC J. Chabot,son of a risdeco(3°(lll'
On the 10th inst., at. West Ham Abbey, the WY
,fr
Tucke ~ E-q.. ' f Finsbury-circus, of a daughter. ,1, pio
On the 20th inst., at Cottage-green, Camberwe'
W. Wit kle% , of a son. Oiit
I
M.4RRIED. les '' oft
the 19th inst., at Streatham Church, Char titer 0
E,q., Madras Army, to Catherine Anne, second ds?!,,, et
Rev. G. Hough, M.A., Senior Chaplain at the L'al ff,
f ' er
Hope. , , ire °,,l ,
it-
On Friday the '2oth instant. Marv, the beloved `..i, ask
Pets. of Lambeth and Theobalds, liens, and Cld° II
of J. U. Gris-ell, Esq. of Stockwell Commod• cli"
/)/ki) the •
On the 12th inst., at Lower ('laptop. Ert.“°'• "Cr'
daughter of W. Jubb, of Herringthorpe. Yorksbi'e-otoo, 0
On the 15th in,t., at Paul House, Upper Earl'. icljd
George Taylor. aged SO. , ,i,clt, 0
On the 16th iirst., at Mount Tavy, err rratl;'pel,,ol, I,
Carpenter. E'q. a Magistrate for the COunties °'
of pe;fr,'
Cornwall, and a Deputy-Lieutenant for the coontY,oadt'
On the 19th inst., at. Hagley-place, New N'ePt-- (60"
Harrison, accountant, aged SS. °.
On the 19th inst., Charles Henry, the infant so° 7/1
F. Harris, Esq., of Harrow-park. -11'41j:it'.
, ;0 fold
London; Printed and Published ty 511)RP',19,. St:
Ni.. tl2, ‘'tr.,,r, ;. at The Sru Office. No ' 1642.
the County 01' Middlesex, Monday, Alay :23'
..._..