The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-12 00:00:00

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it was 690401 Company's rupees, but in 1841-42 had
decreased' ttf 224,010 Company's rupees.
As tending to give some idea of the positive and
successive increase of the trade of India, these figures
arc entitled to consideration ; and as so much import-
ance now attaches to all that takes place in that
quarter of the world, particularly in reference to the
progress of commerce, and our claims upon its ter-
ritory, other facts and figures, calculated to throw
more general light on its principal trading connexions
may hereafter be given as a supplemental notice of
the subject.

LANCASHIRE SPECIAL COMMIS-
SION.

LIVERPOOL, OCT. 10.—The Commission was opened
with the usual formalities, when Lord Abinger pro-
ceeded to deliver his charge as follows :
Gentlemen of the Grand Jury, It is with un-
affectedepain that I addrpss you on the present occa-
sion. You are aware of the disastrous state to which
this gi eat county has been reduced for several weeks
of the present summer; that lawless and riotous mul-
titudes of persons have assembled in the various manu-
facturing towns of the county, have proceeded to create
disturbances, to excite alarm and terror in her Majesty's
peaceable subjects, and have, with violence, prevented
workm is from following their daily avocations. Such a
scene of lawless violence it is impossible long to endure.
It does not appear, from any evidence I have hitherto
seen or heard, that the people who were engaged in
these excesses complain of.the high price of provisions
or the want of labour. What gave rise to the imme-
diate occurrence which 'was the commencement of
these transactions, haa not, at present, been ascer-
tained. Whether it was .owing to the imprudence or
to the indiscretion of any of the master manuthc-
turers ; whether it originated in the schemes of any
persons who considered that a general tnrn-eut might
be advantageous to their peculiar political objects : or
whether, when it commenced, it was not checked as
early as it might have been by greater activity in the
Magistrates—all these are matters at present left
in obieurity,. and which time alone can detasrminee
But it appears to be certain, that when once those
riots begun, when once the people had fornieti theras
selves into classes, for the purpose of turning eut,
by force, the industrious men who were pursuing
their avocations in other places, there did arise
disposition among many of them, and those, too, pos-
sessing considerable power and some talent, to make
use of that insurrection, and foment it, and per-
petuate it, or direct it to political objects. It seems
that a society of persons, who are recognised by the
title of Chartists, mixed themselves up with the un-
happy masses of the common people who had been
deluded into this sort of insurrection. They mix4sl
up with their orations, as you will find by the evi-
dence to be laid before you, many recommendations to
peace and order ; but s-ouwill find those recomnaeais-
tions accompanied with statements, and the peg to
of this and the neighbouring county were told, that
all England was in arms ; that Seotland was pouring
out her hundreds of thousands ; that Ireland wcs
coming to the battle,- that the men of Birmingham,
to the number of a hundred thousand, were armed
with steel, and, insensible to the force of any military
execution, were ready to join
.them and carry the
day. I must say, that this sort .of conspiracy, with
such objects, should have been made the su4iect
of prosecution for high treason. I am at a loss to
know what distinction there is' between conspir-
acy to subvert the Government and impose
force and restraint on all branches of the Legis-
lature, in order to have a particular measure passed
into law, and the crime of high treason. The crime
of high treason, by the law of this country, is
technically limited to an attempt aimed at the life of
the Sovereign, or to raising war upon the Sovereign ;
but the Judges have, from the earliest times, con-
sidered that conspiracy to employ force to restrain
the will of the Sovereign, is an overt act of high
treason ; and, if satisfactorily proved, is sufficient to
justify a Jury, when accompanisel with an intention
of really imposing restraint on the I:7f'e will of the
Sovereign, in finding that it was the crInSP of high
treason. I do not understand that the Government
intend to push the indictments that will be brougtx:
before you on this occasion to that extent. Those
people, I think, owe to the lenity of the Government
that they are not put to a hazard by which their
lives might be forfeited. But, however, you will have
laid before you indictments for conspiracy to incite
the people to insurrection, to endeavour to prevail
on those who were not at work to continue in the
state of insubordination, to compel by force those who
were at work to quit their avocations, and to per-
severe in that lawless state of disorder and violence,
and, I may say, privation also, till their favourite
Charter was carried. If bills of that sort should be
brought before you, and you should feei satisfied by
the evidence you hear, that though great masses of
people might not have been disposed actually fet take
part in conspiracy with that object, yet there were
/ulna persons among them who were active instru-
ments to persuade them, you w ill be justified in
finding a charge of conspiracy against them, in order
to put them on their trial. There is another
class of offences, which, though not of equal mag-
nitude, is very dangerous, and must be punished
whenever it is satisfactorily proved ; that is, the mei
of simple rioting. A great deal has been said at dif-
ferent. times respecting what shall be deemed an un-
lawful assembly. But one thing is very clear, that an
assembly consisting of such multitudes as to make all
discussion and debate ridiculous and a farce, never
could be an assembly for deliberate and calm discus-
sion. Will any man in his senses contend, when he
has the means of assembling together three or four
thousands, that lie does so in order to form a delibera-
tive assembly, or to discuss speculative hints of law
or of constitutional government ?. Upon the face of
it it carries its own refutation. If an assembly, there-
fore, consist of such multitudes as to render all notion
of serious debate impossible, or if you find them, by
violence, putting doyen all attempt at debate—if you
find they have only one object in view, which is to
hear one side only ; if that is to be their assetnr
bly met, for the purpose of deliberation, they can-
not protect themselves under that exemption. I
understand you will have before you also some
cases of violent and inflammatory speeches. Of
course you will exercise your own judgment,
whether the speeches made the subject of the charge
of sedition alleged, were of a nature to produce that
effect. There is one case before you, and that is a
case of printing a seditious libel. Whether or not it
will come before you, I am not certain; btit I am informed
that it will. In that case you will have an opportu-
nity of seeing what the libel is. It purports to bean
exhortation from the Council of the Chartists to all
the labouring classes, to whom it is addressed, to con-
tinue in their present suspension of labour until the
Charter is carried. It professes the words of peace
and order, but it reminds the people that they are go-
verned by laws to which they are not parties ; that
they have notlmade the laws ; and endeavours to per-
suade those who read it, that they can obtain no real
security for their rights and enjoyments, except by
means -of an organic alteration in the Constitution
of the country. You will form your own judg-
ment of that paper. As I have had an opportunity-
of seeing it, I must say that the impression made
upon my mind by it was, that it was full of
danger, and particularly so at a season when the
publi-
cation of it must be attended with consequences very
different from the publication of such a document in
ordinary times ; because, when documents of that kind
are addressed to multitudes assembled in violation of
the law, but supposed to be assembledff to exercise
their own opinions on their own a atrs, you may easily
judge what effect such an exhortation is calculated to
have. Its effect must benos most dangerous, and there-
fore it is criminal.

-- -- -- .
excuse me for uttering this language to
but I
ofyour discretion,cannot help expres-
gentlemen
concern that some of those persons who
my my deep
te thesedoctrines among the poor are persons
propagl
fsufticient talent to know, very well the consequences
to which they lead ; yet they persevere in them to You will
de-
lude the people for some private (it must be) object
of their own, in the hope that in the storm they may
acquire some position in which thej finally expect to
rule it, or, by a sort of malice against the successful
enterprise or industry of those who have left them at
a distance in the competition of honourable industry
snd labour. One is led to conclude that those who
are guilty of propagating among the working classes
these doctrines, are themselves conscious of the mis-
t hief which they propagate, and that if they should
be detected they deserve condign punishment. I will
not trouble you any longer with my address ; you
will have all the cases laid before you,
and you will
need no further information from us as to the manner
of dealing with them. You will be so good as to
proceed as quickly as
we are to
perform.
' you can, in order that eve may
get through the arduous businessenjoined

usic IS A usTRIA.--In the schools attached to
the convents music is cultivated equally with the
classics and foreign languages. There are some
abbeys where, besides the usual choristers, their choir
is aided by the students, novices, and professors. A
military hand is often united to their instrumental
music. In 'a life, uniform and monotonous such as
theirs, where the hell and the dial regulate their every
act, music may well be termed the poetic side. in
the convents on the Danube every species of music is
cultivated. Haydn's and Mozart's instrumental works
?are performed there with a degree of accuracy not to
Jle surpassed in the drawing-rooms of Vienna. The
brothers meet together several times a week lbr the
!purpose of executing these works ; nor do they confine
themselves exclusively to Haydn and Mozart; for
their repertory is diversified with Beethoven, Spohr,
Weber,- Hummel, Romberg, Mayseder, Ries, arid
Fesca. They are well acquainted with, and execute_
with the gieatest skill, foreign productions, such as the
iinspirations of Bocherini,
Baal *and Clementi.—Maittorig
tat ca TOW.
Nriott, 1, Kreutzer„- bode,