The Sun.
London, England, 1842-12-17 00:00:00

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" Who runs may read.'

FOILEIGN.
silels I°llo Webb whose trial for sending a challenge
g
44' 1114 a duel, had created excitement at New York,
,en convicted, but received an unconditional
C:l7from the Governor of the State.
~,h,Frss was to assemble on Monday the 4th inst.
r)rie;:tue large amount of specie imported in New
!tile ns has induced some of the banks there to re-
tHa cash payments in anticipation of the day fixed
ierir• The Union, City, Commercial, and State,
4'
IEO resume on the 21st inst."
arge conducta was on the way from the city of
hi en to Vera Cruz, with specie, 130,000$ of which
fl!!(1 to be destined for New Orleans.
Prs,;` 'Wednesday, at two o'clock, the King of the
ki2h-toolc a promenade in the park of Neuilly, and
i'llined to the palace of the Tuileries.
Pri en' Majesties received, on Tuesday evening,
ll
lot 'e, Paul of Wurtemburg, the Sardinian Ambassa-
toL,flte Greek Minister, the Chancellor of France,
d'Argout, and several peers.
itt; rtero was still at Sarria on the 9th of Decem-
hk.cogh his entrance into Barcelona had been se-
-164 nes announced as near at hand it is not thought
he will appear there. It is believed that he will
Ti:ito Madrid without entering the city.
Pe Eeraddo, the official paper of the ex-Queen-
illkant states, that during the afternoon of the 3d
wer:t cries of " Death to the Duke of Victoria"
Ep tkraised in Seville, but that the disturbance caused
;:.°3e expressions was immediately suppressed by
7;:ational Guard.
Augsburgh Gazette announces that the nego-
pilects relative to the marriage of Princess Cleinen-
f,„ Orleans, with Prince Augustus, of Saxe Co-
qiikiotha Cohary (cousin of Prince Albert), were
liornated, and that the contract would be shortly
tore:4 and ratified by both parties. The Princess is
iebie a million of francs, as a marriage portion,
c° preserve all her rights under the family coin-
the 7th of August, 1830.
kter'vate letters from Constantinople of the 23d u1t.,4
Mirza Khan, the late Persian Am-
tiCer at the Ottoman Court, so• noted for his at-
l'lZent to British interests, was to return to the
it,,..tsh capital as Plenipotentiary from the Shah to
Pp, .ge the differences pending between Turkey and
a.
PUBLIC OPINION.
'l,llle Ti thus accounts for the disturbances in
111.47erary :_‘, Whatever difference of opinion there
k,t, be upon the question, between or upon whom in
tlik;cular rests the guilt of having given rise to the
'qZable agrarian system of the south of Ireland, or
4i„,the question whether other causes, besides that
(,)I,tl lies in the existence of that system, have not
Isar to the production of the murderous out-
which still continue to recur—this at least is
ti,tlt,ted by all, even by those who think, not merely
the landlords are more sinned against than rim ling,
ki 'hat they are wholly sinned against, sinless them-
% .
tat tk."--viz., that in the existence, from whatever cause,
its "4 subletting,, middleman, rack-rent system, with
'el necessary accompaniments of teeming poverty,
c'''anoes,' improvements,' and other quack politi-
eonomies, has consisted one great cause of the
qe lied condition, moral and physical, of the pea-
krrY of the south of Ireland. Our Contem-
T,j aries, according to their respective prejudices,
il
opother reasons also—as, for instance, ultra-
4iisro, Orangeism, or, on the other hand, the
hePeal agitation, or the influence of the Romish priest-
the prevalence of the evil ; but they unite
firepitting the agrarian system to be . also one, if
n'ne principal, fons et qrigo mali. Now, it must,
dieurse, be admitted that political and religious
ilkeences have more or less aggravated the evil; but
t r
tnev have in any way been an original cause of
14 that the agrarian abuses have not been the one
at cause, cannot for an instant be conceded. The
poil)eal agitation is indeed so palpably posterior in
'at of time to the commencement of the Whiteboy
niband system, that the claim to consider it as
aA litroriginator of the organised Conspiracy in question,
deserves a serious refltatibn. But previously
tio"4e Repeal agitation there was no doubt the agita-
tf' halrpolitical and half religious, for the admission
40Man Catholics to equal civil rights ; and then—
ti)lC,i•vil power. Now, that the life and strength of the
taisPirti ye did not lie' in the agitation which was
ki:ed for the acquisition of these privileges, however
14:11 wicked and designing persons may have made
of the existing misery of the population to per-
ctd
e them that political power was the only panacea
tltheir distress, and that their landlords were with-
ing from them this also' their only remedy for the
under which they suffered—however, we say,
ttl' %ay have‘been, yet that the essence of the discon-
did not lie in this superinduced agitation is clear
at he (&lowing circumstances :—First, that discon-
tkt and outrage have continued, though this agitation
cob ~eng ceased; secondly, Roman Catholic landlords
"Ir. Scully) have fallen victims to it ; and thirdly,
man Catholic priests have, both prior and sub-
-1
te„kent to the full admission of Roman Catholics to
Pol%t;• 'cal power, not only interfered against the con-
-I;rators, but have for so doing not only run the risk,
atqlithstanding the superstitious light in which they
1: In some places regarded by the peasantry, of suf-
ill'niniE death at the hands of the Leaguers, but have in
th, cases been actually attacked and maltreated by.
k`rn• The existence of the mischief cannot be attri-
q'cl to any political party, as such—either to that
tf,',_eb resisted, or to that which advocated, the claims
the Roman Catholics. It remains, therefore, that to
the agrarian system, and to that one, the origin of
1/4 Plischief must be traced. Indeed, the fact is clear
ZlYlight, whoever may be to blame for it."
h,2-he Herald thus speaks of Mr. Greg's Anti-Corn-
"
pa Prize Essay :—" The object of Mr. Greg's
:.aPhlet, or Prize Essay,' if he has the school-boy
IS de to insist upon it being such— is to show that it
th °lily by bolstering up the manufacturing system
11114 the land can be possibly relieved from the conti-
kallY increasing burden .of a growing population.
reductio ad absurdum could be easily applied to
r statement of the case, because there must be some
to the extension of manufactures, and whenever
that limit is reached, to say nothing of the chance of
their decline, the growing population must, at once be
th
b,'°Wn back upon the land. To a certain extent the
\‘'.'eess is going on,at this moment, as Mr. Charles
°ocl admitted the other day at a public meeting in
°rltshire. The question must, however, be viewed
tlt only in its relations to the future, but to the oc-
,ll'nrences of the past. What has caused the increas-
e redundance of population? Has there been no
titious stimulus at work to produce the phenome-
i'„
1i,"r1,? For such an effect there must be a cause ; and
We know that the cultivation of the land is not the
ftt,tise ; for the economy of labour in agriculture has
a
Outstripped the extension of agriculture. The
:4411s of 1831 was taken very badly ; but one fact it
be'tablished beyond all dispute—namely, that the num-
ber of families subsisting by the cultivation of the soil
v'ml in the ten preceding years decreased. We doubt
Or much whether the purely agricultural population
an much greater now than it was half a century ago;
yet the total population, we are told, has been
• Ilereasing at the rate of 200,000 a year."
in We take the following from the Chronicle :—" A
TUrite fancy with most people is the beau ideal of
;ie fine old "English gentleman. We like to pic-
„re him residing on his bountiful estate,' the centre
and the soul of happiness to all .around him; just as
v‘'"°l as generoas to all 'his tenants, hospitable to his
:‘Vltors, faithful to his friends, and candid to his an-
?'
tßoniits. If a bold peasantry' he their 'country's
" surely a noble-hearted landlord class must be
-'elr country's glory; and no matter what may be
the
PiiTticular political opinions of individuals, the
man who; ,•:!i a landlord, uses his legitimate influence
h
Promote, not only the more immediate welfare of
dependents, but ae general good of the community,
I,allre to command the respect and admiration of all
IV° witness his private or learn his public conduct.
e should be very sorry indeed to deny, the exist-
`'Ace the fine old English gentleman amongst
IX' Portion of the landlords who identify themselves
;1,44 Tory opinions. Narrow as may be their ideas—
;,.`4°rt-siglited as may be their views—ultimately de-
„„";,4etive even of their own interests as may be the
awe
to which they lend themselves, we are still
,'"aus that amongst the Tory landlords there are some
-4aLroples of individuals who combine a just sense of
is due to themselves, with that proper feeling
Which leads to a right appreciation of what is due to
others. And however party heat may betray him into
r4tty excess, or party prejudice enfeeble his mental
capacity, the Tory landlord who acts with a single-
''
,'lnded pride, will often find that his personal merits
~,'weigh his political conduct, even in the opinion of
:""he who differ most widely from him. how many
'',ueh landlords there may be in the Tory party, we
shall not undertake to say : but sure we are, that the
results of the last general election have fearfully, in
the ranks of the Tory party, dimmed the glory of
the fine old English gentleman. "
Post says :—." Our belief is, that Sir R. Peel
leads a life of deep anxiety from sincere devotedness
t° the well-being of the great body of the people,
Which well-being he perceives at present to be me-
eed by many gloomy circumstances. We believe
that all he has done, and all he contemplates doing, is
With the most anxious desire that all classes, from the
rorest labourers to the richest nobles, may be the
:i'b'!ter of the system of Government which he directs.
e believe that he spares no personal labour—that he
'eaves nothing unconsidered which seems likely to
assista him in forming just views of what ought to be
kone• And when we add to this his great political
t.nowledge, which no one will dispute his determina-
tion to do what seems to him fit to be tdone, no matter
'Mu it may please or displease, and his remarkable