The Sun.
London, England, 1842-04-06 00:00:00

• CHARGE.

'Permanent Debt.
Terminable Annuities
•
Interest on Exchequer Bills issued to meet the charge on the Consolidated Fund
Sinking Fund.
The Civil List
Other charges on the Consolidated Fund
For Advances, and to pay olt'Exchequer Bills issued for Advances

Total Charge

The Surplus

The Amount of Exchequer Bills issued to wet the charge on the Consolidated Fund for the Quarter ended Jan. 5, 1812,
and paid off out of the growing produce of that Fund for the Quarter ended April 5, 1.412.
w••!.
The Amount issued in the Quarter ended
-April 5, 1812, in part of the sums granted by Parliament out of the Consoli.
dated Fund for Supply Services ' -
The Surplus of the Consolidated Fund, Quarter ended April 5,181 t

The probable amount of Exchequer Bills required to meet the char;
April 5, 1812 ~._

eon the Consolidated Fund, Quarter ended

atrocious, what more mischievous, what greater injury was ever
inflicted than the passing of this law, as was attested by thou-
sand, and tens of thousands of our suffering fellow countrymen ?
—( Hear, hear.) In order to lay before the Court some idea
of the amount of injury which the Corn-laws produced, he
would beg to extract from the evidence of Mr. AP Gregor. He
said that he considered the taxation which arose from that source
and prohibitory duties was more than double the amount of the
taxation paid into the Treasury.—( Hear, hear.) James Deaco n
Elaine said that the money thus paid would be more than the
whole revenue of the country. He (Mr. Taylor) had also
another calculation which was founded on the population of
Great Britain : supposing that each individual was supported
according to the dietary of an Union workhouse—supposing
each individual to consume six pounds of bread per week,
out pound, and a half of' meat, with cheese, &c., it would
mate Is. per week of tax paid by the population, and it. would
amount to 50,000,0001. a-year. Now that was without con-
sidering the tax which was paid of 20,000,0001. upon barley in
beer andoisi rits, and a number of wher taxes, all of which were
laid on for the protection of the land. Another class of evils
which he thought might clearly be traced to the same source,
was the increase of crime.—( Hear, hear.) The number of
commitments to prison during the severs years from 1810 to
1817 was 56,000, on an average of 8,000 per annum ; from
1817 to 1824, the number was 92,000, on an average per
annum of 13,000 ; from 1824 to 1831 the number was 131,000,
being an average of 17,000 per annum; 1838, 112,000 ; 1839,
113,000 ; and in the year 1840 alone there were 129,237 cons-
mittments, being an increase of 16,000 over those of the year
1839, and between 600 and 700 per cent. over those of the ten
years antecedent.—( Hear, hear.) And it was seen the other
day in that city, and a worthy Alderman said when a number
of persons were brought before him for stealing, that he was
certain that their object was to be committed ; and he would
ask, could it be wondered at that crime should increase
when the difficulty of obtaining food was daily in-
creasing. Now with regard to over-production. Other
countries were manufacturing, and we had lately been giving
them a bonus to encourage their manufactures, and now that
they were competing with us, he (Mr. Taylor) thought that
%VAS one of the strongest arguments why our manufactures
should be set at liberty and released from all restraints. But
they were told that one great reason of the distress in the coon •
try was over-production That was certainly a most singular
,argument to urge when their 'mills were standing still all over
the country, and their men were unemployed. Rut then they
were told, as a reason why they should bear all these evils, that
agriculture was the foundation of the prosperity of this country,
and, therefore, it must be protected. Now, he must confess,
that there appeared to him to be a contradiction in the very
terms of this statement—the foundation of prosperity, and yet
needs protection.—( Hear, hear.) Why, by their own show-
ing, unless they take 50,000,000/ sterling from the pockets of
the people, they cannot carry on their agricultural labours.
Agriculture, the foundation of the prosperity of this country in-
deed ! R lien was agriculture ever the foundation of any wea th ?
Till the consumption of a country equalled the production of food
it must be expected ; now, there was nothing so cumbersome
and so unprofitable to expect as corn; an i to bring corn to this
country would cost from ten to twelve shillings a quarter. The
best position in which landed proprietOrs could be placed would
be that of a country where all their produce was consumed, and
where manufactures were the great staple commodity of the
people ; in that case, they would sell their corn at the highest
price, becau e they would have no expense to export it abroad,
and they would purchase their manufactures at the lowest
pt ice, because, there would be no expense in importing them.
Any attempt to carry their prosperity beyond that, immediately
became suicidal.—( Hear, hear.) There seemed to have beets
an idea lately set afloat that it was not a good thing for tiis
country to manufacture too much, and that there should be
some limits to our manufacturing efforts; that was neither
more nor less than saying that there was enough of every-
thing for every one in th is country, and that we had too many
things in this country for our nece,sities, our enjoyments, or
our comforts. Now, what was it that brought into this
country almost every thing which .we required for our neces-
sities, or our comforts—what brought in our sugar, tea,
coffee and spices—what brought in our wine and our luxuries?
Why, nothing but manufactures. We had nothing to give in
exchange for everything that came in but our Manufactures.—
( Ilear, hear. ) Manufactures it was that supported the pros-
psrity of this country altogether. They brought in gold and
silver, and in times of distress 'they even brought in corn itself,
without which we should perish.—( Hear, hear.) Yet they
were told that they produced too many manufactured goods.
Manufavtures were, 2nd he thought he had proved it, the
foundation of site prosperity of this country, and without them
we should be a poor, wretched, miserable, beggarly nation.—
(Hear, hear.) The tax upon food was no creation property; it
was only a transfer of property ; just the same as when a thief
robbed a man, that was no creation of new property, it was only
a transfer. But supposing for a momont, that it was true
that the agriculturists found a difficulty in paying the taxes,
and that we should pay it for them, it certainly was not right
that we should be called on to pay much more for them, yet
that was the case. This declaration of the aristocracy, " Why,
we'll pay the taxes, if you give us the money," put him ( Mr.T. ) in
mind of the words of Sir John Falstaff:—" He that will caper
with me for a thousand marks, let him lend me the money and
have at bite:"—(A laugh.) Another argument had beers used,
to the effect that, if the Corn-laws were repealed, wages would
fall. Why, if .the manufacturers were sane in their desire to
repeal the Corn-laws, it was no doubt because they believed
that thereby they should have a larger demand for their goods
than now ; and if they had, was it not manifest that they would
have to employ-more workmen ? and was it not plain' that, when
two masters were look ng after one workman, he would demand
more wages that in times when two workmen were looking
after one master ?—( Hear. ) In the year 1835, when the price
of wheat was not more titan half what it is now, the demand
for labour was so immense, that a vast number of persons were
taken from the agricultural to the manufacturing districts ; and
the reason then was—certainly, not that the Corn-laws were re-
pealed, but that corn being so cheap, almost the same
effects resulted as if those laws had actually been repealed.
Another reason, they were told, why it was necessary for the
national prosperity of the country, that these laws should be
continued was, that if they were not, land would be thrown out
of cultiva'ion and labourers out of employment. Suppose it
true that some labourers would be thrown out of employment,
the question would then arise whether it would not be better
to deprive a portion of them of employment, the whole number
of them not exceeding 960,000, than throw out the 2,000,000
who were employed in manufactures and trada.—( Hear. 1 Sir
H. Peel stated, in his place in the House of Commons, that he
believed it best for the interests of the country, and best for the
interest of all parties, that they should occasionally pay a small
sum for domestic iiroduce. He was desirable that occasionally
a small SUM should be paid to make us independent of foreign
countries for the supply of corn. Would not the loss of the
supply of cotton to this country be as deplorable as the loss of
the supply of corn? But no fear was ever expressed that we
should at any time be destitute of that commodity.—
( Hear, hear.) They never had any fears of the loss of the
supply of sugar, or timber, or silk, or wine ; nor
were the supplies of those articles ever deficient—( Hear)—
still less grounds were there far the fear being entertained with
regard to corn. Some of the other articles were produced by
one country alone, and others by only a few countries ; but
every nation produced corn, and if we only had free trade, so
great would be our supply, that we should he made perfectly
independent of years of scarcity.—(Hear, hear.) Joseph in
Egypt appeared to be wiser in his generation than Peel.-
-( Hear, hear)—because he had no sliding scale.—(Laughter. )
He, foreseeing the years of scarcity, purcbased his corn, and
began to lay in a supply in the first year of plenty ; now Peel
would not have commenced purchasing till the first year of
scarcity.—( Hear' hear, and laughter.) Sir Robert said " oc-
casionally," and a " small amount." Was it net notorious, as
might be seen from the papers that year after year gave the
prices of 'corn at home and abroad, that the difference between
the-price here and abroad was generally one of from 50 to 80
per cent., and that not occasionally, but was it not usually the
difference?—(Hear, hear.) He.held in Isis hand a table,
showing the difference of price between English and
Prussian wheat since the year 1811. This difference
was calculated allowing
i 10s. a quarter for the ex-
pense of transporting into this country, allowing one
quarter per head per annum, which was admitted on all
hands as a fair calculation, and multiplying that by the popu-
lation of Great Britain in those 26 years—from 1815 to 1841
......the amount of the difference between the price of wheat
alone at Berlin and London was 1,185,000,0001. sterling. He
had before him the price of every year, and, therefore, in this
atatement he could make no mistake. Nor, indeed, was it at
all wonderful that the sum should be so great, when they con-
siidered the amount of taxation and the population of this
country; and that sum, or something like it, had gone to in-
crease the laws of the aristocracy. Did they wonder now that
Sir James Graham's estates at Netherby had increased in value
to 60 or 80 per cent. since the year 1816. Again, they had
been told that they were called on to place such a duty on
foreign corn as would be an equivalent to the special burdens
which were borne by the land in this country. Now he (Mr,
Taylor) should like to be told what these special burdens were,
and what was the amount of them, for he confessed he did not
know. Besides, if they had additional burdens that was no-
thing more titan the tenure by which they held their lands, which
had been formerly granted to the old Barons on account of some
special services to be rendered, such as furnishing a certain
number of men to the wars, or such like. He had said he did
net know what were the special burdens borne by the land-
owners; he might add that he knew more that they did not
bear.—( Hear.) They paid no duty -upon their insurances ;
they were released from almost all the taxes which pressed
upon others, and they had also managed to shuffle out of the
land tax.—( Hear.) There was no country in Europe in which
of England. In Prussia the whole amount
the landed aristocracy paid so little to Government as did the
landed aristocracy
of revenue arising front land tax and customs was 7,761,0001.,
and of this the land paid 3,994,000/. In Austria, the whole
amount of taxes was 16,400,000/., and of this the land paid
8,700,000/. In France the taxes amounted to 40,000,000/ ,
and of atis land directpaid 13,379,0001,, and woods, fOrots, and

6,629,217
2,•t2 ,s7l

7,8..8,0: 6

I,lw,nir;
; ,193,L0

domains, 8,806,00@i. In Belgium, Holland, and Germany the
'anti tax paid about sone-half of the whole taxation ; but in Great
Britain, whi re the whole am mot of taxation wa5.52,•22ti 0001.,
the taxes received from land amounted to only 1,17'2,000/.
He did trust that that. Court would raise its voice aoaiwit this
atrocious tax—to tell this sordid aristocracy, that CheY were
saves to sordid avarice—tint there are tights of the people, as
well as rights of property— and that they are antecedent to the
rights of property. inasmuch as those i f property were made
and erected, whilst those of man ware ocrivcd immediately
from God himself.—( Hear, hoar.) In conclusion,. he begged
to thank his Lordship and the Court, for the attention with
which he bad been listened to throughout his attires', and to
move that th resolution be adopted, which he had read at the
commencement of his remarks.—( Hear, hear. )
Mr. HEPPLE said, that titer the very able and lucid address
which they had jest heard fr..m the Hon Member aho had only
now resumed his seat, he should not detain the Coen with any
observations of his ; he begged, therefore, thus briefly to second
the motion.—( Hear, hear.)

Mr. GADSDEN said, though the Hon. Gentleman who hail
moved the resolution was a new Member of the Court, he must
say that he had never heard the cause, which he advocated, up.
with half the arguments, or in sr masterly a way as had been
done by the Hon. Member. Ile had, however; no doubt said
a great deal that could not be understood by many members of
that Court.—( Oh, oh. ) In opposing the motion of the Hon.
Member, he (Mr. U.) should certainly be opposing what was
called a popular question, and so he should be if the course he
was adopting would lead to deprive 'the poor man of his bread;
but he did not believe that that would be the effect, or was
the effect of the measures which he supported ; and therefore
so long as he held a place in that Court. though he doubted not
but this question would be carried by a large majority—( !fear)
—he never would sit quietly by and hear the landed aristocracy
belied. With regard to all the lion. Member had said r.la-
live to the estates of Sir J. Graham at Nctherby, he (Mr.
Gadson) must say that. he doubted the asset Lion which had brew
made, and he thought the Hon. Member must be in error.
Again the Eloo. Member stated that the manufacturing popu-
lation of the country was -double that of the agricultural.; if
that were the fact, he roust say that it appeared to him to
be a new one, and here also he believed the Honourable
Member was labou ing under a mistake; he believed the
agricultural population doubled that of the manufacturing.—
( Oh, ) He looked at. the Corn-laws abstractedly, as the
nece sary protection of the agriculture of this country.. The
Hon. Memher said that the sordid aristocracy had taxed the
people to keep up enormous rents', or wards to that effect.
He (Mr. Gordon) might be allowed to state, and he would as-
sure the Court that be wonld.not state it, it he slid not know it
to be a fact—(Hear, hear)—that in the counties round M4ddle-
sex the average rental of tillage land was but 30s. au acre ;
and take the country round, the average rental was from IDs.
to 20s. per acre for tillage ground ; the average gra wth of
corn per acre would be about 3 quarters, or 24 bushels ; these
3 quarters would give 20 bushels of flour, and that would be
just sufficient for 360 four-pound loaves. Now if be were
learned in these statements, and he believed he was, it would
follow that w:th regard to these 360 loaves, if the land-holder
got his land for nothing, it would only make a difference of a Id.
a loaf. Then where did the money-that thew men gained go to?
Were not three-fourths of the manufactures made here con-
sumed at borne? The landlord buys of the shopkeeper, and
the money is generally disseminated, and well would the ma-
' 'nufaeturer do if this link were to be broken and he were com-
pelled to make his produce solely for the sills), of other coun-
tries. lie much regretted that a subject of tais sort should be
brought so many times before this Court. Ile thought it
would be mull better that the members of the Court, who
were tradesmen mostly, and whom. as such, he respected very
much. should stick to that for which they were sent t here—
viz., the municipal affairs of the Corporation, and should not
interfere with that which their education wholly unfitted them
to understar d. They should leave those matters to the Go.
veronica of the, country.—( Hear, hear.) It was not his in-
tention to move any amend merit.—( Hear.)
Mr. DA WSO N said he perfectly concurred in the observations
which had fallen titan the last speaker. Ile viewed this agita-
tion as nothing more than a renewal of the appllieation to her
Majesty to dismiss her present Ministers, as a discussion of this
sort never took place when the late Ministry were in office.
This was purely a political movement.
Mr. Jon Nsos begged to say that. a discussion of this sort did
take place in the time of the late Ministry, and that was in
the year 1839 ; and the Hon. Member who had just sat down
took a conspicuous part in it.. lie was surprised that any man
could lay his head upon his pillow in peace, and look at the ex-
isting distress, and say that it was cot the duty of every honest
man to do his best to relieve !fear, hear )
Mr. M Arrr..vvn said the present distress in the country was
not owing to. the Colo.-laws, but. because of the imperium in
imperio which existed in this country, by which taws were
concocted out of doors, and were forced upun a weak succumb-
ing government. The vacillating conduct of the Whigs who
abolished slavery, and who were so undecided in their mere-
ments, that an hour before they granted 20,000,0(x /. as com-
pensation, contemplated making a loan instead of a grant of
15,000,00 UL, was the meat source of the present distress.
Mr. :isms:aims/ said, he did not thiek the address ought to
go to the Queen. 'Duro was certainly a great deal of distress
in the country at present, but he thought it was owing to a
variety of causes.
After some further remarks from Mr. PEsvautEss, Mr.
STACEY, and other gentlemen, whose names we could not hear,
in the confusion which reigned, and the cries of " Question7'
and " Divide," and a few observations from Mr. TA's- Lit in
reply, which want of space wholly prevents us, much against
our inclination, front publishing, the Court divided, when
there appeared—

For.t he m ion
Against it
Alijority in favour of the motion
Some other business of minor importance was then gone
through, and the Court adjourned a little attcr 6 o'clock.

(iti

RELATIVE EXPENSE OF FRENCH
AND ENGLISH RAILWAYS.
The station of the St. Germain Railroad, in the
Rue St. Lazare, has just been completed. The total
expense of the constructions from .the Rue St. Lazare
to the wall of Paris has exceeded eight millions of
francs, whereas, it will be recollected, that the Origi-
nal estimate of the whole line to St. Germain. only
amounted to 3,900,000 f. It must be allowed, how-
ever, that a large portion of the expenditure of the
works of the Paris terminus arises from the pur-
chase of the ground, which has been paid fbr at
a high rate, and the construction of the station,
which is exceedingly elegant, and admirably adapted
for the purposes to • which it is destined. It is
composed of three waiting-rooms, those at the sides
being intended for the passengers going to Versailles
and St. Germain, whilst the third is kept as a supple-
mentary room for the increased numbers flocking in
during summer. The whole building covers a super-
ficies of 3,000 metres, and when the part intended for
the passengers of the Rouen Railway shall have been
completed, nearly 4,000 metres. The workshops for
building and repairing steam-carriages (.!over about
10,000 metres. From the entrance.of;,the station,
in the Rae St. Lazare, to .the.,Yla4;de l'Europe,
where the tunnels begin, the station covers a super
ticks of 23,500 metres. This is very nearly
the size .f the Place du Carrousel (25,000
metres), and a little larger than the garden of the
PAlais Royal (21,000 metres). Coneparing with it
some of the stations in England, we shall find hi them
a considerable inferiority in size. The Birmingham
station in London takes up 14,000 metres only ; the
Grand Junction station at Birmingham covers 11,634
metres ; that of the line to Greenwich, London end,
occupies only 3,0'4 metres; that of the Manchester
and. Liverpool line, at the latter town, covers 6,475
metres, although it serves fir the Bolton and Grand
Junction lines, which join the Liverpool and Man-
chester one. It is true that at Liverpool a station
for goods has been constructsd, which takes up
9,432 metres; but the St. Germain railroad has one
at the Batignolles of '102,000 metres. At Brusseli,
the station covers 15,400 mitres, and for incidental
business one is in the course of construction which
will occupy 48,000 metres. Half of the 23,000 me-
tres of the station of the Rue St. Lazare are as yet
unemployed. Not less than 15,000 metres could be
easily added to the above quantity, if required, and
this without pulling down a single house. Whilst on
this subject, we would suggest to the City of Paris
the importance of purchasing the ground now occu-
pied with wood-yards, and which is exactly opposite
the station, in order that a handsome Nuare might be
made, which would • bet -only be a pUblic-clubellish-
ment, but materially facilitate the free approach and
departure of carriages.

The Dublin Evening Niue admits that the thrift
has ex
lately,
ttee
ldythe e
tgreatest atloa
den acmi
d9eng theira l l classcs,
differencesconnectedkithduel
agriculture and grazing in Ireland.
Two fanners of itiyeux, in Calvados, having guar-
rwith reaping:beaks. !';4.,lo!t_ig and sanguinary,
an *as Wiminated by a'desperate Vouna in the neck of one of
the combatants, which laid him senseless at the feet of his an
tvoliist; there are, however, hopes of his recovery.