The Sun.
London, England, 1829-06-22 00:00:00

TO THE EDITOI OF THE TIMES.

Sir,—You know, of course, that the election at
Cambridge has terminated in favour of Mr. Caven-
dish ; but perhaps you do not know that the com-
mittee of Mr. Bankes had recourse, in this neigh-
bourhood at least, to a manoeuvre only decent in a
dirty rabble-rout borough. There is a stage-coach
travelling daily from Bury to Cambridge and back
again. This coach %las secured by Mr. Bankes's
committee, and persons going to vote for Mr. Caven-
dish could only go by means of a postchaise. The
voters of Cambridge University pay their own ex-
penses. There are many who would not grudge
shillings for coach-hire who could not afford pounds
for chaise-hire, and who would not stoop to be
franked. I saw the c0a7.11 aboVe alluded to leaving
Bury with scarcely a passenger, because Mr. Bankes
had secured it. Yours, &c.,
Bury St. Edmund's, June 19. P. Mr.

It is said that the Admiralty Department was
particularly active for Mr. Bankes, and that persons
connected with an institution in one of the dock
yards, received peremptory orders to vote for him
miens volensi—Morning chronicle.
Air. George Bankes's reliance on the support of
Government on a recent occasion, is said to have
mainly arisen from a circumstance of his having
been invited to one of the King's parties on the eve
of the election ; whereas it is well known that a
Noble Duke had the King's permission to canvass
the Royal Household for Mr. Cavendish.—Bid.

ARRIVAL OF PORTUGUESE REFUGEES

IN DUBLIN.

(From the Dublin Morning Register of Saturday.)

The Shamrock, Captain Woollaghan, from Oporto, has
just arrived. She brought several respectable Portuguese
gentlemen, who were fortunate enough to make their
escape from that blood-thirsty monster, .Don Miguel. They
•owe their lives, in all probability, to the humanity and in-
trepid.ty of Captain Woollaghan, wh ► ran imminent than-
er in taking them on board, as, had they been discovered,
it is impossible to calculate the result to himself and his
owners. We subjoin an extract of a letter brought by the
Shamrock to a most respectable merchant in Dublin ; our
blood runs cold at the dreadful scenes of cruelty and mur-
der it details. When will England and the other civilized
powers think the time is anived to interpose between this
tiger in human shape and the unfortunate people of Por-
tugal :

" orowro, MAY 20, 1829.

" Alv DEAR FRIEND,—Poor S— is very low and
melancholy, in consequence of the execution of his father-
in-law, which took place here on the 7th instant, together
with nine other poor fellows, who were I may say, mur-
dered, and indeed butchered in the most horrible and dis-
gusting manner. Nobody here thought even for one mo-
ment that this rascally Government would dare to proceed
to such lengths for crimes (as they call them) committed
previous to this devil incarnate assuming the name of
King."

The Duke of CUMBERLAND arrived in town
on Saturday, from a visit to his MAJESTY, at his Lodge
in Windsor-park. His Royal Highness left town yester-
day morning for Kew, and attended divine service in the
Church on Kew-green.
The Duke and Duchess of GLOUCESTER
gave n grand dinner on Saturday, at Gloucester-house,
Park-lam., to the Princess AUGUSTA, and a select party of
the nobility and gentry who were invited to meet her
Royal Highness.

The Princess AUGUSTA attended divine ser-
vice yesterday morning, at the Chapel Royal, St. James's.
The Duke of GLOUCESTER honoured the
performance of the French plays at the English Opera-
house on Friday evening with his presence. His Royal
Highness has engaged the same box he has almost nightly
occupied during the present season for the next.
The Duchess of KENT and the Princess
VICTORIA attended divine service yesterday morning, in
the private Chapel in the King's Palace at Kensington.
The service was performed by the Chaplain to the Royal
Duchess.

The Duke of WELLINGTON gave a grand
dinner on Saturday, at his residence in Downing-sheet,
to the Austrian ,Asi*Assador, Princess ESTERHAZY, the
Netherlands Ambassador, others of the Foreign Atnbassa-
dots and Ministers and their Ladies, and a select party. "

About half-past two o'clock on Saturday after-
noon an Italian messenger arrived at the office of the
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, with despatches
from the Right Hon. ROBERT GORDON, our Ambassador
to the Ottoman Porte, for the Earl of ABERDEEN. These
despatches were sent off by Mr. Gon pox in a steam-
vessel from Constantinople to Ancona, from whence they
were immediately forwarded by the British Consul at that
port, who despatched Mr. IlAncunst. The messenger
also brought despatches for the Admiralty. Directly after
the receipt of them, Sir GEORGE COCEBURN proceeded
to the Foreign-office, and had a conference with the Earl
of ABERDEEN till the meeting of the Cabinet Council.
A Cabinet Council was held at three o'clock
on Saturday afternoon at the Foreign-office, Downing-
street, at which the Earl of Rossmrst attended, and took
his seat for the first time since his appointment to the office
of Lord Privy Seal. The other Ministers present were,
the LORD CHANCELLOR, the Duke of WELLINGTON, Earls
BATHURST and ABERDEEN, Viscount MELVILLE, Lord
ELLENBOROUCII, Mr. Secretary PEEL, Sir GEORGE
MURRAY, the CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER, Mr.
HERRIES, and Mr. VESEY FITZGERALD. The Ministers
concluded their sitting at six o'clock. The Council was
unexpectedly summoned in the course of the morning.

The Spanish Minister and the Marquis of
lintsr,)L had interviews with the Earl of ABERDEEN on
Saturday at the Foreign-office.

CLARE ELECTION.--The registry goes on
bravely in Kilrush. Sixty-five, up to Tuesday evening—
thirty-three additil,nally on Wednesday; total, NINETY.
EIGHT (ominous number !) in Kiliush, which was not
able, according to the calculation of the foolish fellows of
Kildare-street, to add even six voters to the list of the
Liberator. But even if it had not added six, what would
be the effect on the fortune of the election? Nothing
more than this, that even then the entire Brunswickism of
Clare could not muster a minority amounting to one-half
of the strength of its Opponents.,—Dublin'Morning
Rrgister. . -

LITERATURE.

REMARKS on the PHYTOLACCA DODECANDRA,

or the MUSTARD TREE of the ANCIENTS.
LosooN, IS7-29.

This is a posthumous pamphlet, the produc-
tion of the late Hey. Buckham, an ac-
complished scholar, and a gentleman of
very general literary acquirements, in answer to
some zoological observations hazarded by Mr.
Frost, on the nature and properties of the mustard
tree of the Ancients. Mr. Buckham clearly
makes out his case in opposition to the opinions
of Mr. Frost ; and in so doing exhibits, within
the somewhat limited space of thirty-two pages,
great and familiar acquaintance with Biblical and
Oriental history. To the lovers of Botany this
little pamphlet will afford much amusement and
instruction.

TRAVELS IN TURKEY, EGYPT, &c. Two VoLs.
Br R. MADDEN, ESQ. LONDON, 1829.

Mr. Madden is a gentleman of great and va-
rious acquirements : he is evidently well versed
in classical literature—as his cursory obser-
vations on the Tomb of Hector" evince--a
good linguist, and well acquainted with the.
manners, customs, characters, and historical phe7
nomena of the Oriental nations. Strange, that be-
ing thus variously and usefully accomplished, he
should look with such a severe and untravelled
English eye on the peculiarities of the countries
which lie visits ! But, singular as it may seem,
Mr. Madden carries the prejudices of the Eng-
lishman, rather than of the man of the world,.
into every city, in which he takes up his abode,
of the East. He cannot divest himself of the
recollection of English society : he carries every
where about with him a map of London, and
an inventory of London manners. By the
standard of these he tries all Eastern cities.
Smyrna and Constantinople differ, it seems,
from London, they are therefore to be looked
on, if not with scorn, at least with a " nil ad-
mirari" eye. The religion of the Turks—their
manners, their duties, and their amusements,
are equally opposed to those of English-
men, and they too are to be regarded with
aversion. Mr. Madden does not state this in so
many express words; but this is the spirit which
pervades nearly the whole of his first volume,
and compels us, while we do every justice to his
penetration, his veracity, his liveliness of deserip-
tion, energy of research, and graceful ease
of style, to regret that so many good, and even
brilliant qualifications, should bear about with
them even a partial alloy of prejudice. Mr.
Madden differs from most travellers who have
preceded him in his estimate of the Turkish cha-
racter. He describes it as being bottomed on
perfidy, and every species of public and private
treachery. Instead of the openness and candour
that most writers on the subject of Turkey have
talked about, Mr. Madden has invariably found
the greatest degree of duplicity. But let us hear
him upon this subject.

" The Turks are generally considered to be honester
than the Greeks, and in point of fact they are, or at least
appear so; they are certainly less mendacious, and are too.
clumsy to practice chicanery to 'advantage. Their probity,
however, depends not on any moral repugnance to deceit,
but solely on the want of talent to deceive. 1 never found
a Turk who kept his word when it was his interest to
break it ; but then I never knew a Greek who was not.
unnecessarily and habitually a liar. He is subtle in spirit,
insidious in discourse, plausible in his manner, and inde-
fatigable in dishonesty. He is an accomplished scoundrel ;
and beside him, the Turk, with all the desire to defraud,
is so gauche in knavery, that, to avoid detection, he is
constrained to be honest."

Of Sultan Mahmoud—the present great refor-
mer of the Ottoman Empire, a Monarch who
possesses a first-rate European reputation—Mr.
Madden thinks rather disparagingly than other-
wise. He says that he is universally unpopular
—that, with the exception of courage, he has
few of the qualities even of a Turkish hero to
recommend him ; and that his throne is at pre-
sent in as dangerous a condition as if it were
stationed on the crater of a volcano. The fol-
lowing are our traveller's remarks on the sub-

j ect
" Notwithstanding the energy of Sultan Mahmond, it is 1
impossible for him to obviate the evils of had government,
of bad laws, and of an antiquated political religion, neither
suited to the times nor to the circumstances of the State;
he cannot alter the ordinances of the faith, he dare not
subvert the • principles of the religion, he cannot prevent
misrule in the provinces, he cannot prevent rebel-
lion in the Pachaliks of Syria. Though possessed of
more energy of character than Sultan Selim, though insen-
sible to fear, and unalterable in his purposes, he wants
every quality but ferocity, to make him even a Turkish
hero. Inaccessible to Counsel, he looks with contempt on
all European Sovereigns, and has not sufficient prudence
to mask his animosity ;—devoid of generosity, the affec-
tions of his subjects are alienated from him ; and every
where I have been the people have only panted for his
death. Their last hope is in the succession of his son ;
anal whenever tharevent takes place, the partial and tem-
porary changes which have been long meditated, and partly
carried into effect, will fall to the ground.
" The Turks are accustomed to visit their national mis-
fortunes on the beads of their Sultans; and so nothing is
commoner now to hear than execrations in the mouth of
every woman, on the Sultan, because bread is dear and
money scarce.
" A respectable man, called Yussuf Effendi, with whom
I am intimate, told me in the presence of Doctor Perousel,
that he and three of his friends were going to Egypt, to
get beyond the grasp of a tyrant who had ruined his
people.' I mention this, not because I agree with the Ef-
fendi in believing that the impoverishment of the country
is to be attributed to the Sultan, but because it shows the
feelings with which he is regarded by his people.
" Were he attacked, however, by the Infidels to•morrowa
there is not one of his subjects who would not rally round
the standard of the Prophet, and account it an honour to
fight for their Sultan. No matter how tyrannical he may
have been, he is still to them the Zilullab, ' the image of
God on earth.' "

Of the condition and habits of women at
Constantinople, we have a highly entertaining
account. Ladies, it seems, are there estimated
by the pound. A woman weighing as much as
the Darlington Prize Ox would create a universal
sensation among the youths and connoisseurs of
Byzantium ; she might speculate on a marriage
with the very first and foremost of its nobility
The Turkish Grandee, in his person, conversa.
tion, and favourite pursuits, is hit off with equal
spirit. The following is a specimen :
" Tie most striking qualities of the Moslem are hi'
profound ignorance, his insuperable arrogance, his habitual
indolence, and the perfidy which directs his poliOy in the
Divan, and regulates his ferocity in the field. The de-
fects in his character are those of the nation : they are, the
growth of sudden greatness—the intoxication of pros-
perity enjoyed Without reason or restraint. Before con-
quest and plunder had exalted the nation on the ruin of
other realms, the Turk was brave in the field, faithful to
his friend, and generous to his foe. It was then unusual
to commend the cup of poison with a smile, and to beckon
the murderer; with the oath -of friendship on the lips ;
-brit treachery is now an accomplishment in Turkey ; and I
have seep so Much Of it for some time past, tbat.if my soul

• were not in Ponta sort attuned to horrors, Y should wish
myself in Christendom, with no other excitement than the
simple muiders of a Sunday newspaper.
" The Grandee, however, relaxes from the fatigues of
dignity pretty often ; be perambulates with an amber ro-
'
sary dangling from his wrist ; he looks neither to the right
nor to the heft; the carp -e of a Rayoh, attracts not his at-
tention ; the head of a slaughters G:eek he passes by un-
noticed ; he can=es th trembline jaw to retire at his ap-
proach; he on!y shuffles the enemy Frank who goes
along, it is too troublesome to kick him ! he reaches the
coffee-house before noon, an ahject Christian salaams him
to the earth, spreads the newest mat for the Effendi, pre-
senta.the richest cup, and cringes by his side to kiss the
hem of his garment, or at !east his hand. The coffee
peradventure is not good : the _Effendi storms—the poor
Armenian- trembles; he swears by his lather's beard be
made the very best; in all probability he gets the cup at
his head, and a score of maledictions, not on himself, but
on his mother. A friend of the Effendi enters, and after
ten minutes repose they salute, and exchange salaams. A
most interesting conversation is carried on by monosyllables
at half hour intervals. The Grandee exhibits an English
penknife ; his friend examines it, back and I,la.de, smokes
another pipe, and exclaims God is great.'
" Pistols are next produced, their value is an eternal
theme, and no other discussion takes place till a grave old
Pri,st begins to expatiate on the temper of his sword. A
grave old Ulema, a theologian and a lawyer (tor here chi-
canery and religion go hand in hand), at lengih talks of
astronomy and politics, how the sun shines in the east and
in the west, and every where he shines, how he beams on
a land of Mussulmans ; how all the Padishaws of Europe
pay tribute to the Sultan ; and how the giaours of Eng-
land are greater people than the infidels of Fence, because
they make better penknives and finer pistols; how the
Dey of Algiers made a prisoner of the English Admiral in
the late engagement; and, after destroying his fleet, con-
sented to release him, on csedition of paying an annual
tribute ; and how the Christian Ambassadors came, like
dogs, to the footstool of the Sultan, to feed on his impe-
rial bounty. After this edifying liece of history, the
Effendi takes his leave, with the pious ejaculation of
MashaVa,' how wonderful is God ; the waiter bows him
out, overpowered with gratitude for the third part of an
English farthing, and the proud Effendi returns to his ha-
rem ; he walks with becoming dignity along; perhaps a
merry-andrew, playing off buffooneries, catches his eye,—
be looks, but his spirit smiles not, neither do his lips; his
gravity is invincible, and he waddles onward, like a por.
poise cast on shore : it is evident that nature intended him
not for a pedestrian animal, and that he looks with con-
tempt on his locomotive organs. This, my Lord, though
apparently a ridiculous portrait, is not surcharged, and is,
indeed, rather a general picture than an individual like-
ness."

Mr. Madden gives a very animated and
graphic account of the Theriakis (or opium
eaters), and the effects produced by opium gene-
rally. On this subject he fully corroborates tl►e
observations of De Quincy, and the author of
that splendid fiction, " Anastasius." Of our
trade with Turkey Mr. Madden puts forth the
following lugubrious description :

" Our trade with Turkey has been long declining ; in
the reign of Queen Anne we had five-and-twenty mer-
chants in Constantinople, we have now about half that
number. Our shipping gets no employment in the Ar-
chipelago; for one English vessel that gets a freight to
Candia, or from it, the Consul told me there were twenty
Austrian. Our cloths are no longer in request in the
Turkish markets; the German cloths, though coarse, are
cheap, and suit the people better. The Dutch supply the
market with arms (we once did so exclusively.) And
even in printed calicoes and =sling, we now divide the
trade with the Swiss; the colours of their goods are
brighter and more esteemed than ours. The impoverish-
ment of the Turks is another cause of the decline of our
trade here; they can no longer affard to clothe their harems
and themselves as they were wont. The constant fluctua-
tion in their monies is also a great evil to trade ; attended
with much inconvenience to the merchants and distress to
the people. Thirty years ago there were eight piastres to
the pound sterling ; now there are ten piastres to a Spanish
(lunar in Constantinople, and fifteen in Egypt."

Our very contracted limits warn us to bring
this slight notice to a close. In doing So, we
cannot forbear recommending Mr. Madden's
volumes to our readers, as works replete with
entertainment, variety, and instruction. The de-
tails respecting Constantinople, a place to which
the eyes of the whole civilized world are just
now directed with extraordinary interest, are full,
lively, and descriptive ; and to the ladies gene-
rally will, we doubt not, from their very pleasing
accounts of the Turkish harems generally, prove
highly acceptable.