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141 ER.
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BULL AND MOUTH HOTEL, BRIGGATE, LEEDS.
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THE BEST LIFE OF NAPOLEON.
This day, in 4 vols. Bvo., handsomely bound` price 30s. (or in
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Twenty-four Portraits, Views, &c.
BOURRIENNE'S celebrated MEMOIRS
of the EMPEROR NAPOLEON.
To which are now first added, a History of the Hundred Days,
of the Battle of Waterloo, of Napoleon's Exile and Death at
St. Helena.

" Whoever wishes t o know, not merely the Ger.eral or the
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Leon. "_Times.

Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.
To be h;td also of all booksellers.

EXTRAORDINARY TRIAL IN
FRANCE.

order to the town of Hamburgh, reminding them that
the then Archbishop of Bremen had received from the
Emperor (descending from Archbishop to Archbishop)
an imperial grant, by' virtue of which he could levy a
transit toll, and the town of Stade a market toll, upon
all goods coming from the sea up the Elbe, and pass-
ing the river Schwinge, and that the Senate of Ham-
burg was particularly bound to observe the rules laid
down about 150 years ago for the guidance of Ham-
burgh sailors.
" The extraordinary exertions made by Sweden
during the war, from 1618 to 1648, entitled her to
claims of compensation ; she was to be rewarded by
the acquisition of German provinces and considerable
rights. In consequence of this, the article X, §7,
'of the Westphalian Peace, bestowed on the Crown of
Sweden the hitherto Archbishopric of Bremen as a
lay duchy, 'cum omnibus pertinentiis ecclesiasticis et
secularibus bonis et juribus terra marique.', By the
article X, § 1, all tolls and duties which had hitherto
been established contra jury privilegia, et sine con-
sensu Imperatoris' were abolished, and § 2 of the
same article confirmed all tolls rightfully levied, as
for instance the sea toll on the Elbe at Stade.
" The confusion of the thirty years war had com-
pletely set aside the question of the toll. From the
distance of Stockholm, the King being elsewhere oc-
cupied, and his advisers ignorant of the circumstances,
a thousand mistakes occurred; The Ministers hardly
knew how to decide in cases that were reserved for
the King's decision. Generally speaking, no answer
was returned to the earnest entreaties of the then
acting central Government in the Duchy of Bremen.
It was principally owing to these embarrassments
that in the diplomatic conference of the seventeenth
century the right of toll was so hardly treated. On
the 27th of June, 1653, the toll levied by Govern-
ment was separated from that levied by the town of
Stade, and the levying the Royal toll was entrusted
to the officers of the Royal domains at Brunshausen.
Since that period it is known under the name used
by the Hamburgh merchants—viz., The Toll of
Brunshausen.' • About this time the Royal Govern-
ment at Stade determined to place an armed ship in
the Elbe, which was ordered, on the Ist of June,
1672, to stop at the toll all Hamburgh ships, as the
only means to compel them to fulfil their duty, gene-
rally neglected.
"In the Conference which met soon after, in 1673,
of Royal Commissioners and Hamburgh Deputies, the
Government declared that the King of Sweden asked
for nothing new, but only for that right of levying the
toll which had been warranted by the Westphalian
peace ; that the imperial privilege of 1189 only spoke
of freedom from duties, but by no means of allowing
the Hamburgh ships to pass the toll without stopping
in order to certify the personal quality of Hamburgh
citizens. and that the merchandise belonged to them.
The result of these Conferences, however, falling
short of the expectations of the Senate of Hamburgh,
the latter endeavoured to shift the provincial Govern-
ment, by sending to the King, at Stockholm, a depu-
tation furnished with all the necessary means, as well
as with a strong letter of recommendation from the
Duke of Holstein Gottorp. This embassy 'tried every
thing at Stockholm, and presented to the King a me-
morial, in which the whole question of the toll duties
was represented in a false light,
" Without further investigating this important
question, or hearing the Government at Stade, the
Royal Government at Stockholm, thus influenced,
declared, on the 26th of November, 1674, that, ac-
cording to their opinion, the Imperial privilege had no
other meaning than that which the Hamburgh mer-
chants chose to give it. This Royal resolution was,
of course, in the highest degree favourable to Ham-
burgh. Nevertheless the inhabitants of this republic
now made the most exorbitant demands, and rejected
the favours just granted them at Stockholm. •
" Sonic time later conferences were held again
about these difficulties with Hamburgh in the town
or Stade. The instructions of the Royal Commis-
sioners consisted simply of their examining into some
complaints of the town of Hamburgh against the
Custom-house officers, and also to state that no diffi-
culties were to be thrown in the way of the Royal
Custom-house officers in Hamburgh in the perform-
ance of their duty. These instructions were far ex-
ceeded by the Royal Commissioners. One of them,
during the conference, took the management of every
thing into his own hands ; and the only Custom-
house officer at Brunshausen who was really ac-
quainted with the state of things, and who violently
protested against the injustice of the Hamburgh
claims, was silenced by him, and reminded that he
was only called there to listen.'
" The Hamburgh members of the conference now
framed themselves a treaty; the treaty of 1691, so
frequently quoted afterwards. The Royal Commis-
sioner mentioned above made only some slight altera-
tions, the treaty was hastily signed, and although
containing matters of the greatest importance, it was
presented to the King. with a very superficial notice
of the transaction, and the remark that they did not
conceive the Hamburgh claims very unreasonable,'
and that it 'was sent over for his Majesty's gracious
approbation.

mitted that she had made a recent journey to Aix, in
Savoy, and had left Marie Boudon there. The motive
assigned for this act was the illness of her femme de
chambre, but on this point the statement was regarded
as very unsatisfactory by the Court, and this it did
not fail to state to the witness in strong terms. Ma-
dame de Marcellange and her mother denied the ex-
istence of the differences between them and the de-
ceased, deposed to by several witnesses ; and also their
having used expressions showing that they desired
his death. They attempted also to establish an alibi
in favour of Besson, by declaring that he was in their
house, eating his supper at the time of the murder.
Maclaine de Marcellange underwent a rigid examina-
tion by M. Bac, the counsel of the brother and sister
of M. ode Marcellange, who had declared themselves
parties civiles. He asked her to account for theinter-
est which she had evinced for the murderer of her hus-
band, by providing for his wants in prison; to which she
replied that it was under a conviction of his innocence.
He finally asked her, observing that it was a moat painful
question to put, whether M. de Marcellange during
his life had not frequently expressed his belief that
his two Children had been poisoned. To this Madame
de Marcellange said, " To such questions, Sir, no
reply can be made." The evidence for the defence
went chiefly to establish an alibi, and exposed a
horrible extent of perjury on one side or the
other. It was sworn that I3esson, at the time of
the murder, was ill of the small-pox' and incap-
2ble from the state of his legs to walk the distance
that he must have walked to perpetrate the mur-
der. The evidence of two cures, who deposed for
the defence, was regarded as so extraordinary that
the President was compelled to express his regret
at seeing men of their sacred character compro-
mise themselves, and one of them was contradicted
by other witnesses on every important point of his
declaration. Amongst other things he swore to
having visited Besson in prison, and related facts tend-
ing to lead to a belief of his innocence. The keeper
of the prison, being called, swore that no such visit
was practicable, and that it had never taken place.
On the fourth day of the trial the Avocat-General
was called upon to make his requisitory, but the
learned gentleman, overcome with emotion and fa-
tigue,fainted at the moment when he was about to ad-
dress the Court, and the proceedings were conse-
quently adjourned until the following day. On the re-
sumpiloa of the sittings (on the 26th inst.) the Avocat-
General, who had recovered from his indisposition, ad-
dressed the Jury in a very long and able speech, re-
capitulating the facts of the case, and commenting with
great severity on the conduct of the wife and mother-
in-law of the victim, both as regarded the expressions
of hatred sworn to be used by them when speaking of
him, and- the protection extended to the prisoner. In
analysing, the evidence for and against Besson, the
Avoeat-General brought forward all the points with
great effect, and asserted that no doubt could exist in
the minds of those who had heard it of the guilt of
the accused. Alluding to an .attempt which had been
made to attribute the prosecution, as far as the
family of the deceased were concerned, to hatred of
his wife and mother-in-law, the Avocat-,General said,
they had but obeyed the injunctions of M. de Mar-
cellange, who, under the presei.timent of what was
to happen, had said to them, " If I die assassinated,
you will avenge my death." The Avocat-General
concluded with the following words :—" A great
crime has been committed, a great criminal (I do
not say the only criminal) is at your bar. In
the name of society, Gentlemen of the Jury, I de-
mand all the severity of your justice on the head of
Jacques Besson."—M. Rouher, the counsel for the
prisoner, replied at great length, and with much
ability, urging every possible argument in favour
of his client. After his address to the Jury, the Court
adjourned until the next day.—On the 27th, the Pre-
sident summed up the evidence, and the Jury, having
deliberated, returned a verdict of guilty, without exte-
nuating circumstances. The prisoner consequently
received sentence of death.—During the early part
of the trial Besson appeared to be almost indifferent
to the proceedings. On the two last days, however,
his courage was shaken, and he frequently manifested
symptoms of alarm and despondency. When sen-
tence of death had been pronounced, he was so over-
powered that it was necessary to remove him from
the Court. When he had recovered his senses, he ex-
claimed—" Judgment has been pronounced ; I must
meet my fate."

The Court of Assizes of the Puy-de-Dome, on Sa-
turday last, decided a case .of murder after a hearing
of six days, during which the deepest interest pre-
vailed, not only in the Court, but also in the whole
department. The person charged with the crime was
Jaques Besson, a farm servant, 34 years of age, who
had been discharged for misconduct by his victim,
M. de Marcellange, a gentleman of property, living
in a state of separation from his wife, the daughter
of the Count de la Rochenegly de Chamblas. The
sensation created by this trial was heightened by
the almost admitted fact that the prosecutors, who
were the nearest relations of the deceased, attri-
buted the murder to the instigations of his wife and
of her mother, the COuntess de la Rochenegly, and by
the circumstance of one of the witnesses, a man
named Arzac, a farm servant of the deceased, having
been tried for perjury in this cause, and sentenced to
ten years' imprisonment, and exposure in the pillory.
The prisoner Besson was arraigned in March last,
but the trial, after a long hearing of witnesses, was
ordered to stand over in consequence of the committal
of Arzac .for perjury. On the former trial several
witnesses, amongst whom were the uncle and aunt of
Arzac, deposed that he had confessed to them his
knowledge of the guilt of Besson, that he had
.previously been offered a sum of 600 francs by
him to poison M. de Marcellange, that a box of white
powder had been found in his (Arzac's) possession,
which he said was the poison that he had intended
to put into his master's soup, and that, after the mur-
der of M. de Marcellange, he confessed to having
been offered a recompense by the widow and mother-
in-law of the victim, on the condition of his denying
on the trial all knowledge of the murder. Various
facts and conversations were also sworn to, which
established a presumption that he had been privy to
the murder, and had even favoured the deed by pre-
venting the yard dogs belonging to M. de Marcel-
lange from barking at the approach of the assas-
sin. Arzac having on the trial in March denied all
this, he was taken into custody, and was subsequently,
as above stated, tried for and convicted of perjury.
The circumstances of the murder, as stated in the
act of accusation were as follow :—ln the year 1835,
M.de Marcellange was married to Mademoiselle Theo-
dora de la Rochenegly de Chamblas. This union,
founded on an equality of family, fortune, and edu-
cation, appeared to present all possible prospects of
happiness, but the union was not long undisturbed.
Scarcely had the father of Madame de Marcellange
ceased to live, when his widow went to reside with

the young couple, who had fixed themselves at
Puy, and at once the harmony of this house
was troubled. -The stepmother and the wife
testified more than indifference and coolness to-
wards the unfortunate Marcellange. The exist-
ence of children imposed on them a certain reserve,
but death soon broke through these last ties, for M. de
Marcellange had the misfortune to lose his two chil-
dren in the same week. From that period grave dis-
putes arose in the family circle, and a fatal dis-
like sprang up between the husband and the wife.
M. de Marcellange- complained bitterly of the in-
sulting contempt with which he was treated in
his own house. He confided his daily grievances
and annoyances to some of•his friends, and pointed
out to his relations the painful influence exercised
over Madame de Marcellange by Madame de Cham-
blas, her mother, and by the servant Jacques Besson
and Jeanne Marie Boudon. Sinister thoughts and
strange fears took possession of his mind. So strong
were his impressions that one day, on his return from
a journey, being seized with violent colic, he thought
himself poisoned by some food placed before him in
presence of his wife by the servants of the house, and
he even thought his children had been poisoned by
their mother. His family shared in his uneasiness
and his sad presentiments. As he had been long ab-
sent without writing they became alarmed, and his
brother wrote to Madame de Marcellange, that she
should be held responsible for the disappearance
of her husband. should he not be found.

Thus their happiness had not only ceased, but it
had become impossible for them to live together. A
legal demand fur separation of property was made by
Mme. de Marcellange, but, no j ust ground for it being
assigned, it was refused. M. de Marcellange had
quitted his house, and retired to the estate of Cham-
blas, situated at some distance from Puy, in the corn•
mune of St. Etienne-Lardeyrol, where he lived in
great retirement, engaged in agricultural pursuits,
and breeding cattle. Weary of this kind of existence,
and not any longer hoping for a reconciliation, which,
although anxiously desired by him, was become
more and more difficult, and terrified by seeret in-
formation which he had received, he was taking mea•
sures to let his property at Chamblas, and return
to his own country, near his father, and prepara-
tions were commenced for his reception at his
domain of Brandons, near Moulins, when, on Sept. 1,
1840, at scarcely thirty-four years of age, he fell by
the bullet of an assassin. About half-past eight in
the evening, all the servants of Chamblas, without ex-
ception, were at supper in the kitchen, on the ground-
floor, and M. de Marcellange, according to his con-
stant custom, was seated at the corner of the chimney,
chatting familiarly with them, his back being turned
in an oblique position to the window, looking into
the court, when suddenly a shot was heard, and he
fell lifeless on the ground. His death was instanta-
neous, the ball having passed through the right lung
and the heart. Search was made everywhere in the
court and the neighbourhood of the ehateau, but in
vain. The assassin had profited by the first movement
of consternation, and had' succeeded in escaping.
Nothing had announced his approach, and strange
enough the dogs, though remarkable for their vigilance,
had not given any alarm. This circumstance naturally
excited a suspicion that either the murderer was not
a stranger to the dogs, or that he must have been ac-
companied by some person who was well known to
them. Suspicion fell immediately upon Besson. M. de
Marcellange, who appears to have been a most amiable
man—who, to use the words of one of the witnesses,was
" aime comme le honDieu"—had no other avowed enemy
than Besson. This man since his dismissal, which
was caused by an impression on the mind of M. de
Marcellange that he was a spy over his actions, paid
by his wife, had been heard frequently to threaten
his late master's life, and M. de Marcellange had told
his friends and relations that he was in constant
dread of assassination at Besson's hands; a belief
which, considering the state of mind of that gen-
tleman, was increased by the fact that, on being
discharged, Besson was taken into the service of
Madame de Marcellange and her mother and
treated with kindness and confidence, some said with

an intimacy as regarded the former which was
wholly inconsistent with her station in life. On the
trial which has just taken place a host of witnesses
deposed to the charges embodied in the act of accu-
tion ; some swore that Besson had threatened the life
of his master—others that they had seen him armed
with a gun about the time and near the scene of
the murder. The evidence was indeed more circum-

‘‘ It was soon afterwards discovered that in making
this statement it had been kept a secret from the
King that Hamburgh by this treaty had aimed at a
change of their ancient obligation, and at a reduction
of the duty.

" This treaty was so ruinous to the royal privileges,
that had it been put in force, the money levied would
have been barely sufficient to pay the Custom-house
officers, end to keep up the toll-ship. Posterity has
judged of this act.
" The possession of the Duchy of Bremen went from
the Crown of Sweden to the King of Denmark, but
this Government likewise refused to restore the rati-
fication of the treaty cancelled by Sweden.
"From Denmark the possession of the Duchy came
into the hands of the electorate of Brunswick Lune-
burg (Hanover) in the following way :—Duke
Henry the Lion had already an expectancy on the
country of Stade, which he had possessed for some
time. Other princes of the house of Guelph have
governed the country of Bremen in their capacity of
Bishops. In the congress of the peace of Westphalia
the house of Brunswick laid claim to the Arch-

upon as a sea- toll ; and this view of the case rests
upon many precedents, the toll of Brunshausen hav-
ing been generally put aside in former transactions
about the navigation of the river Elbe among the ad-
jacent States, particularly in that of the year 1699.
" From Hanover's being raised to a sovereign state
the Crown gained those rights which formerly be-
longed to the Emperor during the existence 'of the
German empire with reference to the toll. There
existed no treaty whatever that might have prevented
the Hanoverian Government from altering the tariff
of the toll at Brunshausen. This Government, how-
ever, voluntarily bound themselves at the Dresden
conference not to change or increase the duties of that
toll, without the consent of the States interested in it, ,

and particularly that of Hamburgh, provided a diffe-
rent way of packing up the goods might require a
simple declaration of the existing principles.
"In 1824 a new commission was named by the
States bordering the river Elbe, to be held at Ham-
burgh. On the occasion the H.Loverian Plenipoten-
tiary made the following declaration :
" ' That if the Dresden Commission had seriously
insisted upon entering into the question of the Bruns-
hauseu toll, the Hanoverian Government never would
have ratified an act which must be prejudicial to the
essential rights of its sovereignty ; that the Hano-
verian Plenipotentiary was authorised, by a .Royal
rescript, ta, declare solemnly and formally that the
Brunshausen tariff, as it had been laid before the
Comthissioners at Dresden, was certainly observed in
all particulars ; that on the Hanoverian side the obli-
gations had been strictly fulfilled,• and that no devia-
tion with regard to raising the tariff, or in any other
respect, had been or should be made from what was
clearly laid down in the fifteenth article of the Dres-
den Act.'

" It was further declared, on the part of the Hano-
verian Government, that they earnestly wished the
toll tariff to be settled on principles in accordance
with changes that had taken place in the course of
time, and in conformity with the interests of all par-
ties concerned.

" In the years 1825, 1826, and ] 827, Hanover had
several negotiations with Denmark and Hamburgh, on
the subject of the Brunshausen toll. On the 27t1?. of
November, 1827, an agreement was come to between
the Hanoverian and Hamburgh Plenipotentiaries,
which, had it been executed, would have settled all
former grievances, and would have introduced a clear
and simple tariff upon moderate principles. The
Hamburgh Plenipotentiaries took upon themselves, at
the conclusion of this negotiation, to get it agreed to
by the Senate, and subsequently expressed their hope
that this would be the result. However, the Ham-
burgh Senate did not think it convenient to enter
into their views, nor did it from that day to this make
the slightest communication on the subject to the Ha-
noverian Government.

" It was thus again the fault of llamburgh, that,
instead of having long ago established a clear and
simple tariff, the state of things has remained as it was
before.

" Hanover has even declared herself lately again
willing to renew the negotiations, on the ground of
the former agreement above mentioned."

stantial than direct, and a great deal of it was of a
hearsay character, which would not have been admitted
in an English criminal court. Indeed, to such an ex-
tent was this carried, that one witnes3, a Mayor of a
commune, having hesitated to declare that public ru-
mour accused the prisoner of the crime, was told by
the President that he was bound to state all that had
reached him in this way. The evidence, however,
although circumstantial, was strong. Amongst the
witnesses, called for the prosecution was Arzac, the
man who had been convicted of perjury, his evidence
being admissible in law although a convicted felon,
as an appeal against the verdict was still pending.
This man, notwithstanding the urgent exhortations of
the Court, and an intimation that the confession of
the truth would probably lead to a commutation of
his sentence, persisted in his system of denial, even
when confronted with the witnesses on whose evi-

DUTCH. AND FLANDERS NIAIL,
BRUSSELS. SEPT. I.—The average price of wiled
in the week ending on the 27th of August, was
22,67 f., and that of rye, 12,99 f. The Minister of the
Interior having received from the Court at London
some copies of the new English tariff, has sent them
to the Chamber of Commerce at Antwerp, Brussels,
Ghent, Ostend, Liege, and Charteroy, for the use of
the merchants of those cities.

Yesterday his Majesty gave audience to Mr. Van
de Weyer, Minister Plenipotentiary at London, and
to M. Bronsmade, Consul in the Sandwich islands.

M. Desprez, a coachmaker at Ghent, invented and
built, so long ago as 1835, a carriage, the driver of
which may, in a moment, unyoke and let loose horses
when going at their utmost speed, and then direct the
carriage at pleasure. The trials made of the carriage
at the time were perfectly satisfactory, for the horses
were let loose when at full gallop, and continued their
course quite disengaged from the carriage.
This invention, which might have prevented the
accident by which the Duke of Orleans was killed,
has now been brought' into use.
The Duke of Saxe Coburg set out for Germany
this morning.
THE HELDER, AUG. 26.—The naval officers of the
Jason, which, has just returned from St. Petersburgh,
speak in high terms of the friendly reception which
they met with in Russia. The festivities on occasion
of the twenty-fifth anniversary of the marriage of
their, Imperial Majesties surpass all description. They
wholly contradict the report published in some news-
papers of conspiracies of the Russian nobles.
THE HAGUE, AUG. 31.—M. Thiers arrived here
yesterday from Antwerp, and passed the day in visit-
ing our gallery of pictures and the Japanese collec-
tion. This morning at eight o'clock 111. Thiers set
out for Amsterdam. The object of his journey is to
view for the second time our collection of paintings,
and to obtain a mose perfect acquaintance with our
system of embanking and draining. •
FRANKFORT, AUG. 30.—His Highness Prince Met-
tßrnich with his Consort, arrived here this afternoon
at half-past two o'clock. His Highness will stop but
a short time, and proceed to Johannigsberg.
DUTCH .I!.UN M.— A msTERDA hi, SEPT. !4.
Money. Bills.
Actual Debt, 254 per Cent 52% 53
Jitto, ditto 5 per cent.
A inbl Syndic,4% per cent 04% 4.11;
Ditto, ditto, 3% percent 77y` :71t
Cummercial Cosopany, 4% per cent 142% !42(
Ditto (1835 and 1837) 5 per cept.
Loan 1537, 5 per cent. t9% 10)5L
Exchange on London, One month .....
Two months ..... 12 15
liamburgh, One month 35 813(
Two months 35 ttl%
Dutch Papers, Sept. 2,
BELGIAN FUNDS.-13aussacs, SErr. 2 :
Actual Debt, 234 per Cent, 5254
Rothschild's Loan, Five per Cent lOO%
Loan of Thirty Millions, Four per Cent ... 9l
Three per Cent...........
—Thirty-seven Milli. ns, ditto
(1840) lOO%
Loan of City, 1832, Four per Cent. 92
Society of Commerce, Four and a Half per Cent B6
Bank of Belgium, Five per Cent 74
National Society .
Exchange on London (short)
—Brussels Papers, Sept. 2.
AuaiRIAN E U h OS.—VIENNA
„ , Alta. 24..
Five per Cents. MetalliqUes,...„. .............
..... 1(958
Four per
Three per Cents.
Bank Shares
4llgeese•••••••• 1837
meine Zeit:mg, •August 29.
HAMBURGH BORSEN HALLE, Ave. 31,
Austrian 5 per Cents.
sank Shares 1652 1648
Anglo. Russian Loan 1 titi WA(
Russian 5 per Cent., Ist series, Certificate...— 103% 1055(
Inscription, Ist series
Russian 5 per Cent. Hope and Co., 3d and 4th
Series 94 97%
Ditto in Certificates 9B 97%
New 4 per Cent. (1840) 89% 89%
Dutch Actual Debt, :2% per Cent ......... 51% 51%
Ditto 5 per Cent —Ph Bonds —
-
New Tickets 163
Anglo-Danish Loan, 3 per Cent.
Spanish, New 5 per Cents. lB
EXCHANGES ON LONDON.

bishopric of Bremen. It was, however, given to the
crown of Sweden as a lay duchy. King Charles XII.
of Sweden lost in 1709 by the battle of Pultawa all
means of carrying on his projects, and turned for
help to the Elector's court at Hanover. Here had
the saving Elector hoarded a treasure which was
kept in a cellar of the Royal castle, and according
to official documents might have yielded an income
of, on the average, a million dollars a year.
From this treasure the Elector was enabled to make
to the King of Sweden an advance for the Duchies
of Bremen and Verden. Already in the year 1700
a considerable sum had been lent on the specially
mortgaged place Wildeshausen. King Fred. IV. of
Denmark now opposed the pretensions of the Elector
to these countries, and about the same time occupied
them, in the year 1712. To secure his rights, the
Elector (George Louis) again sacrificed a capital.
Sixty tons of gold were paid to Denmark, which, by
the treaty of 11th July, 1717, transferred its doubt-
ful claims on the two Duchies to the Elector. Be-
sides this, 227,000 dollars were paid by Hanover to
Denmark. By the peace of Stockholm, November
9 (20), 1719, the Elector acquired the stronger
claims of Sweden to the Duchies of Bremen and Ver-
den, by paying to Queen Ulrica Eleonora (the suc-
cessor of Charles XII., killed at Friedrichshall, Dec.
11, 1718) 1,000,000 of dollars, giving up at the
same time the mortgage money pledged on Wildes-
hausen. This sum was paid by Hanover in hard
money at Hamburgh. By subsequent arrangements,
however, other sums were added; so that the sum
total may be reckoned at 2,500,000 dollars.
" The Elector was successor to the rights of the
Kings of Sweden and Denmark. Both Crowns had
rejected the Stade treaty of 1691. How could, then,
the Elector come to re-establish it ?
" To the Hamburgh deputies who appeared in Ha-
nover on the 20th March, 1729, the Elector declared
that he could on no account consider himself bound
to acknowledge the treaty further than sanctioned by
custom, and as it had been observed not only during
the Swedish times, but up to this very moment.
" In the act of the Vienna Congress of the 9th of
June, 1815, in and from the articles 108 to 116, seve-
ral rules are laid down for commercial navigation and
tolls, relating, however, only to interior trade and river
navigation, and not to sea trade, sea navigation, and
sea tolls. On the 3d of June, 1819, deputies of those
States, either adjacent to, or separated by, the Elbe,
met in Dresden to settle a general system of navigation
and toll for that river, after having received the lead-
ing points from the act of the Congress. It was no
difficultmatter for the Hanoverian Envoy to convince
the commissaries of those States, having nothing to do
with sea navigation, that the Brunshausen toll could
not be a matter of discussion in thepresent conference,
as this toll only concerns sea commerce and sea navi-
gation, as it allows all ships and goods coming down
the Elbe and going to sea to pass free, as it is not by
the place where a toll is levied, but only by the ships
and merchandise it affects, that its nature and charac-
ter can be determined, as it has always been looked

HAMBURGIT, AUG. 30.-13 9 Ywe months 13 7%.
RIGA, AUG f.,101. —Three Months, 38.
STocituorair, AUG. Z.—Seventy-five days, 12 15.
VIUNNA., AUG. 16.—Three months. 9. 41%.
PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BEeLIN, Avo. 27.
Bills. Money
St. Schuld Sch., 4 per cent. —.. 1041 P 1P396
Prussian English 80nd0839, 4 per cent. I(3!% Ice%
Exchange on Leadon
Prussian State Gazette, Aug. 28.

DELTAS AT THE MOUTHS OF RIVERS.—There is a
river of first-rate magnitude whicn has no delta, though
it seems to possess all those qualities whim are supposed
to be requisite to the formation of such an alluvial tract;
the St. Lawrence in North America, reaches the sea by
a kind of bay, which extends upwards of three hundred
miles, and gradually increases in width from three to
above one hundred miles. One would suppose that the
form of this bay would render it subject to be easily filled
up by the earthy matter brought down by a river whose
course exceeds eighteen hundred miles ; and yet we do
not find that an alluvium of any extent has been formed
along the banks of this wide estuary, except on the right
bank below Quebec. The St. Lawrence is the only large
river which traverses a great number of lakes. Even
after having left the five great Canadian lakes, it passes
through those of St. Francis, St. Louis, and St. Peter's.
In each of these lakes the current ceases, and it is only
perceptible where the river again issues from the lake.
All the earthy matter, therefore, which the river col-
lects and keeps suspended in its course from one lake to
the other is deposited in these lakes. Thus this large
river brings no debris and earthy matter, or very
to its wide estuary, which cannot therefore be changed
into a delta by the accumulation of such matter.— Pe-nn
Magazine.

dence _he had been found guilty of perjury, and who
appeared to be above suspicion. On the third day of
the trial, a man named Bernard, who was sup-
posed to he in possession of the knowledge of important
facts connected with the murder, not only denied all
that he had said on the subject to others, but swore
that they had held out hopes of reward to him if he
would d,pose against the prisoner. The apparent
falsehood of this man's evidence was demonstrated by
that of several respectable persons, and he was cau-
tioned by the President against persisting in a course
of perjury. He did persist, however, although con-
tradicted oil every point by the evidence, and the
Court, after vainly exhorting him to speak the truth,
ordered him to be committed on a charge of per-
jury, the Arapre3sion being that he was suborned:
Marie Boudon, the femme de chambre of Madame de
Marcellange, and who, according to the act of accu-
sation, could state appalling facts against the prisoner,
and respecting the influence under which he had
acted, was not to be found. o Madame de Marcellangs
and her mother, the Countess, who were both com-
pelled to appear as witnesses, when asked whether
they knew to what cause the absence of this per-
son was to be attributed, at first professed their ig-
norance ; but Madame de Mareellange at length ad-

fiOP INTELLIGENCE.--WORCESTER, SEPT. 2.
',Top-picking has partially begun in this plantation, and
from the information we obtain, the quality will be ge-
nerally good. We hear of a little mould in some parts„
and that the hops tome down lighter than expectation
therefore, it is supposed the duty is over-rated. We
expect a few new pockets at mar, ,:ct to-morrow, but
prices cannot be steady till a laror bulk is in the mar-
ket.— Worcester Herald.
The following is said to be an improved method of
killing fleas :—`• Place the animal on a smooth board,
and pen him in with a circular hedge of shoemaker's wax,
then, as soon as he bccomes quiet, commence reading to
him the doings of Congress during the present session,
and in -five minutes he will burst with indignation.—
American Paper.

~_

SPOHR'S ABSENCE FROM THE
NORWICH FESTIVAL.
From Spohr the Norwich Committee received the
most cordial assent to their request that he would
again honour the Festival with his presence ; but at
the same time he informed them, that, holding under
the Elector of Hesse Cassel the office of Kapellmeister,
his Sovereign's consent must also be obtained. To
this petty Prince did the representative of the Queen
of England apply for the required permission : the re-
quest was sent was sent from the British Government
through the Ambassador at Frankfort ; and a rude
refusal was returned ! The Duke of Cambridge (who
is related to the Elector by marriage) was then in-
formed of the failure of the first application, and his
good offices were solicited. His Royal Highness ac-
ceded to the request with prompt and hearty kind-
ness ; and from his cousin and former neighbour he
received a similar refusal. By this Princely mouse,
therefore, is the lion encased. On his motives it
would be vain to speculate. German Princes are not
bound to assign reasons, he they rulers over millions
or hundreds. It was a chance of obtaining notoriety,
and therefore, perhaps, not to be lost. Francis and
Bean obtained notoriety by their attacks on Queen
Victoria ; the Elector of Hesse Cassel, by having en-
deavoured to insult her representative and her uncle.
No doubt, he would have laid an embargo on the
Oratorio if he had been aware in time. This, how-
ever, is beyond his reach. Perhaps this was the sore
place. Irritated at the thought of having such a work
of his Kapellmeister produced in England, and pro-
voked that the spirit of Spohr should have escaped
thither, the Elector might valiantly resolve to im-
prison his body. But speculation is useless : the acts
of mighty Potentates are, and to inferior mortals ought
to be, inscrutable !—Spectator.
[This seems a very serious affair, and if our troops
were not pretty well employed abroad and at home it
might be thought advisable to demand satisfaction
by sending an army to Cassel. Queen Victoria and
her uncle have both been insulted, and lesser indigni-
ties have before now involved nations in war. Our
Contemporary's style, it will be seen, is admirably
adapted to the great event he narrates, and it is quite
a touch of the sublime to compare the uncivil Elector
of Hesse to Beau and Francis. One lesson. however,
our Contemporary neglects to draw from this occur-
rence, the propriety of men of talentsnot making them-
selves dependent on Sovereigns. They should not give
up to Kings what was meant for mankind. Did lqr.
Spohr, like an author, rely on the great public, instead
of wearing the livery of an Elector, he would not be
confined to that Elector's palace, like a menial. If
men of talents, who are capable of commanding the
homage and admiration of the world, will degrade
themselves by a craving after patronage and pensions,
they must not find fault with the rudeness of the un-
civil boobies in whose power they place theniselves.
ED. Sun].

POSTPONEMENT OF THE OPEN
ING OF COVENT-GARDEN THEATRE.
ILLNESS OF MISS ADELAIDE KEMBLE.
Covent-garden Theatre was to have been opened
for the season on Saturday evening with the opera of
Norma, and a new two act comedy from the pert
of Douglas Jerrold, entitled Gertrude's Cherries.
The opening of the theatre has, however, been post-
poned until Saturday next, in consequence of the ill-
ness of Miss Adelaide Kemble. A placard, of which
the following is a copy, was posted on the doors of
the theatre on Saturday evening :--
" Theatre Royal, Covent-garden, 3 o'clock,
Saturday, Sept. 3, 1842.
" It is, with infinite regret the public is respectfully
infornied that, in consequence of the increased indisposi-
tion of Miss Adelaide Kernble, she having experienced a
severe relapse within the last few hours, the opening of
the theatre is unavoidably delayed until Saturday next,
September 10, when the same performances will be given
that were announced for this evening."
In consequence of the lateness of the hour at which
this announcement was made, the greater number of
those who; had intended being. present at the opening
of the theatre, were unaware of this postponement.
From six until long after seven o'clock parties con-
tinued to arrive at the theatredoors, and great was the
disappointment and deep the regret with which they
learned the opening of the theatre was delayed in con-
sequence of the severe illness of England's prima donna

ROYAL SURREY TH4ATRE,
TWelcome Home, a trifle in one act, by T. E. Wilks,
Esq., was introduced for the first time, on Saturday
evening last. The materiel of the story is very slight,
and the plot itself not very novel, yet, as a whole, it
is smartly ►written, and we have no doubt will be
very successful. The evening concluded with the
amusing extravaganza of Bathing, where Mr. G.
Wild and Mr. Dixie, in the characters of Charley
Finch and Johnny Stokes, kept the audience in great
good humour. We observe that a succession of new
tragedies and dramatic performances are to be intro-
duced at short intervals. The first, entitled Ben
Nazir, will be produced this evening, the principal
character by Mr. Butler.

THE FIRE AT HA:min:incr.—The subscriptions re-
ceived by the Committee at Hambnrgh from all coun-
tries up to the 15th of July amounted to 3,630,000 marks
banco, equal to about 265,890 L The account of the fire
reached London on the afternoon of Tuesday, the 10th
May, and on that day Mr. Herman Sinai', a Hamburg
merchant, originated a subscription for the sufferers, arid
so promptly were these acts of benevolence afforded, that
Mr. Sillem was enabled on the Friday following, by the
first packet which sailed for Hamburg, after the day on
which the news arrived, to make a remittance of 10,4001.,
and by the next packet which sailed on the Tuesday fol-
lowing, one week after the disaster was known, to make
another remittance of 10,000/. The subscriptions which
have passed through the bands of the Committee have
reached 27,567/. 19s. 7d., besides contributions made in
different parts of the country, and remitted direct,
amounting. according to the lists published at Hamburg,
to about 13,400/. ; consequently the whOle sum raised in
Great Britain has been about 41,0001., independent of
clothing and other articles sent by Government and be-
nevolent individuals.

STATE OF THE DISTRICT.—The general. turn-out
; of the working population of the manufacturing district,
which took place rather more than three weeks ago, has
now been brought within rather narrow limits. In all
parts of Yorkshire, at Carlisle, and the whale of that
part of Lancashire which lies to the northward of Man-
chester (with the exception of two or three mills at
Bury), we believe the working population have returned
to their labour, on the terms subsisting before they turned
out. In Manchester all have resumed, with the excep-
tion of the power-loom weavers, and a part of the
dyers. To the southward and eastward of Man-
chester, however, the case is different. At Ashton,
Stalybridge, Mottram, Glossop, Hyde, and Stockport,
the mills, with one or two trifling exceptions, are all
standing ; and the great majority of the work-people
have not manifested the slightest inclination to resume
their employment, except on terms which are not only
inadmissible, but utterly absurd, seeing that their em-
ployers must compete in the market with those who are
paying the present rate of wages. How long the work-
men may be able to keep up this absurd and perfectly
hopeless struggle, it is difficult to say ; but, from all we
are able to learn, we imagine that their resources are
pretty nearly exhausted.—ltfanchester Guardian.
EXCISE CoußT.—On Saturday informations were
laid before the Commissioners against Mr. George Swin-
burn, Falcon-square, and Mr. Samuel Mullins, Iron-
nionger-lane, Cheapside, lodging-housekeepers, for selling
wines and spirits without a license. Mr. Platt appeared
on behalf of the Crown, and the defendants were sup-
ported by Mr. Bodkin and another Learned Counsel.
In such cases as the present, the difficulty of obtaining
evidence is great ; therefore the officer (Mr. Ray) hid
to resort to the stratagem of taking lodgings in the
houses of the defendants, and by those means he saw
what was going on, and was one amongst the many to
partake of the excise and other luxuries. The defend-
ants were ordered to pay 501. each.
IMPORTANT DISCOVERY IN MEDICINE.—The last
number of our medical contemporary, the Dublin Medi-
cal Press, contains an interesting paper by Dr. Paterson,
of Rathkeale, on the discolouration of the skin from the
internal use of nitrate of silver, and on the means
of preventing and of removing that effect. It is well
known that the nitrate of sillier possesses great efficacy
in the treatment of certain forms of epilepsy, and painful
complaints of the stomach ;
,but, from long use, it is li-
able to render the skin almost as black as that of the
negre—an effect which continues for life, and for which
there was no known means of prevention or cure. Con-
sequently, it frequently occurred that a patient treated
with nitrate of silver got rid of his disease at the ex-
pense of his beauty ; and hence medical men have been
p.revented from employing this active remedy as exten-
sively as they otherwise would. Dr. Paterson, by nu-
merous and satisfactory expo riments, has succeeded in
discovering that combining iodine with the silver prevents
the discolouration without impairing the medicinal
powers of that metal ; and the iodine will remove the
discolouration which has been already produced. This,
we believe is a matter of great importance to patients la-
bouring under painful or spasmodic diseases.
The Marseilles journals contain an account of a
terrific thunderstorm in that town on the 24th ultimo.
During the day the heat had been tamest suffocating, and
as soon as the sun had gone down the storm com-
menced. The lightning was so vivid and constant
in all points of tke horizon, that ohiects could be per-
ceived at an immense distance as clearly as in the middle
of the day. Several buildings were, it is said, struck by
the electric fluid, but it does not appears that any set*ous
damage was occasioned. The thunder was so loud as to
astonish and alarm the inhabitants, many of whom
shrieked with affright,and the audience at the theatre were
filled with dismay. On the following morning, a singular
effect of the storm was witnessed at a country seat in the
environs. From two magnificent plane trees a colony of
sparrows we! e, sayz the Semaphore, struck with light-
ning, and fell to the number of nearly two thousand dead
on the ground, where they were picked up by a peasant,
who sold them at Marseilles at the rate of three francs
a hundred. The Sud says the number exceeded 2,000 ;
but states that they were still living, but so embarrassed
by rain and mud that they were unable to fly, and were
therefore easily taken by the hand.
PONVEY, CORNWALL.—On Saturday afternoon this
neighbourhood was visited by a severe thunder storm. At
East Crinnis, near Par, a party of girls, who were out
picking blackberries, ran into an old engine house for
shelter.; they had not been long there before two of them •
wet e killed, and four slightly injured.

ee