The Sun.
London, England, 1842-08-18 00:00:00

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS

The Nobility, Gentry, Subscribers, and the Public, are respectfully
Wormed that

ON MONDAYS, TUESDAYS, AND THURSDAY:4,
GRAND EVENING FETES will be give.i, in which will be em-
bodied all.tlm4epoptflar Entertainments that, have given to this favou-
rite plac, pf rc.creation its peculiar celebrity, with additions and in-
troo:iction.swhich render them more gene, ally attractive.

Wm NEST AG Elt LE has been enriched by 'many valuable and im.
portant accinisitions in the dosses of hot h Quadrupeds and Birds.
Feeding Tone Five o'clock.
The Cohoe'l VIEW OF ROME has ;been repainted, and in some
instances rotor gilled. with a Mechani cal Tableau d'actioa, repre-
senting the Piace.sioit of the Papal 7 mops, Guards, and Roman
Nobles. to the Ccstle of St. Angelo.
The BAND ille;,ltin some of the most eminent Performers, con.
ducted by Mr. Godt.-ey, anti the Programme of the PROMENADES
USIC A LES selscial from the noblest works of the great Masters.
The I LLU INAVONof ST. PETER'S. the CROSS of FIRE,
and the GIR A N OOLA of ST. ANGELO. with all the gorgeous
Spectacles and magnitietnt, introductions that have called tbrth ac-
claromations of delight and admiration on each evening of their ex.
hlbition, terminating with the triumph of pyrotechnic splendour,
the CA SC ADE of BRILLIANT FIRE, SIN t Y FEET iii height.

The Gardens are open Daily from Teti till Dusk. The Eyeiiing
Fetes, with the Pi muenades lft; scales, illumination of St. Peter's,
Otranec,ia of St. Angelo, Ste., wilt be given on Mondays, Tuesdays,
v:.l litersdays. Admission One Shilling.

- _
rt;ri .%vATAtt AT LONDON Eftl DOE 'll.llb DAY.
r. minutes after 0 KEvening 27 minutes after 0.

conduct was very legal, but was it equally wise ? The
meeting was serving their purposes, and they sup-
pressed it. Two thirds of the present mischief have
been caused by a succession of petty attempts to
suppress little ebullitions of popular feeling. They
have soured the people ; and, we trust, that the intelli-
gent Magistrates of Manchester, now that they have
got a mility force to back them, do not mean to
stop up all the outlets of 'discontent till it burst into
some still more serious conflagration.

There seems to be a prevailing feeling that the
present alarm caused by the working classes in the
manufacturing districts ought to lead the Govern-
ment to investigate and improve their condition.
There must be some plausibility at least in an idea
which occurs at the same time to the Post, the
Herald, and The Sun. The former agrees with us
almost to.the words -we employed, and is anxious to
evoke " general and permanent good out of temporary
and partial evil."
Nor is there a lose, but rather a more,
extensive agreement as to the real evil to
be remedied. Whether our Contemporaries rail against
the New Poor-law, against factories and capitalists,
or against landlords, or call for a Ten Hours' Bilf,
and the exclusion of children from mines, they, one
and all, agree with us that the working classes are
too heavily burdened, and too poorly paid. There is
unanimity on this point, and the Press; standing
aloof, generally, from the class prejudices of land-
lords, capitalists, statesmen, and tax-eaters, ventures
with a strong and clear voice to tell them all, that,
somehow or other, the labouring classes are not fairly
treated. There, are great differences, we are aware, as
to the best means of improving their condition, but
an immense step has been gained when the Press is
almost unanimous in declaring, that, for the public
safety, it is indispensable to have the condition of the
working classes inquired into and improved.
Agreeing on this point with our Contemporaries,
we differ as to the means of effecting it. The
Herald is for accomplishing the desired object by
Church extension. The people, who may be sup-
posed to know their own wants, call out for pigs (to
use their own phrase), and our Contemporary would
give them parsons. They .want something 'to eat,
and he would appoint something to eat them. The
burdens of the labouring classes are the overgrown and
overpaid Church, the exorbitant State, the landlord's
high rent, as well as the capitalist's inordinate profit;
and to lighten their burdens, the Herald proposes t 6
add to the weight of the Church. We differ totally.
from the Herald. One of the best means of relieving
the overloaded industry of the nation would be no
longer annually to extort from the people of Eng-
land some five or six millions sterling, to provide for
an idle, pompous, vain-glorious hierarchy.
Our other Contemporary, the Post, would have
some grand new scheme of government applied to the
the manufacturing districts.
Nothine, (it says) has ever yet been done upon a large
scale—such as the greatness of the subject demand.ed—
to fit the ordinary machinery of government to the ex-
traordinary- state of circumstances which has grown up
in our manufacturing districts. Nothing in the world
exists like that which is presented to the view of even a
casual observer in these districts. Nowhere else, in this
or in any other country, do we find such enormous
masses of people heaped .together, and wholly dependent
upon a great manufacturing system for their support—a
system which is liable to continual fluctuations, over
which the masses who depend upon it for life have no
control, and can have no control. . . . .
For Surrey or fot Lancashire,' the lawS'andcustonus, the
means of instruction and'eontrol, the systems of magis-
ttacy and ,police, are pretty nearly the same, though
every rational. man whir: considers the subject must see
that the means (4. government and superintendence which
may be sufficient for the one, is likely (owing to the
extraordinary difference of circumstances) to be wholly
inadequate for the other. . _

We think the time has come when the rulers of this
coantry ought to consider, much more closely- than they
ever yet have done, what it is possible for the State to do
in order to counteract the disturbing influences, and the
tendency to occasional misery and insecurity which be-
long to our present manufacturing system.
That statement proceeds, we think, on two assump-
tions ; first, that the agricultural population are, in
all the matters it alludes to as evil, better off than the
manufacturing population ; and the second is, that
the system applied to them, in Surrey for example,
answers all the purposes of Government. Can the
Post have forgotten that, only twelve years ago, when.
the Tories formerly held the reins, the system in
Surrey, Kent, Sussex, Hampshire, &c., was fOund to
the full as def6ctive as the system at Manchester ?
Then the south of England was in a blaze, the
Magistrates were mocked at, and special commissions
sent into exile the agricultural victims of a vicious
system. We believe that any possible adaptation of
the Surrey plan to Lancashire, would only aggravate
►he evil.

We apprehend, too, that the agricultural labourers
have as little control over their masters and the land-
owners, as the manufacturing labourers have over the
capitalists. If a landlord or a farmer can make any
improvement in his mode of cultivation, he is quite
remorseless as to what becomes of the people. Have
they had any control over that clearing system which
has been going on in Ireland,. and some parts of
Scotland ? Have they not been turned out of
house and home, and found refuge in towns,
or across the Atlantic ? Are the agricultural
labourers, at this moment, in a better condition than
the manufacturing labourers? No; all suffer under
the oppression of one common system ; and the
humane desire of the Post to relieve them, could not
be gratified by placing squires and parsons over the
districts of Manchester, as they rule over the parishes
of Surrey.

Our Contemporary has unfortunately had his at-
tention directed to the manufacturing population,
through his desire to defend the Corn-laws, which
has distorted the objects to his view. It is yet too
early to speak decisively of the conduct of the manufac-
turing population in their present agitated state. We
arc inclined, however, to think, that after they have
returned to their work, even the Post will look on
their conduct, as compared to, that of the peasantry
in 1830—when it is remembered that several great
towns have been completely in their hands, and at
their mercy—in a favourable light. Their habits
are invariably those of peace and regularity. The,
st eam-engine compels all who are in connection with
it, and dependent on it, to be regular and methodical.
They have no taste for violence and irregularity. in
all large towns there are loose, idle, disorderly per-
sona--persons who are what is 'called independent,
because they live by casual and hand labour; these
persons may be riotous at Manchester as well as
London ; but the factory population, properly speak-
ing, the machine-makers, printers, spinners, &c., &c.,
are essentially an orderly and regular population,
who have no notion of living by forage and disorder.
Though the colliers are generally found in manu-
facturing districts their occupations, each one working
in a hole at a distance from his companions, doing
almost everything by hand, wielding his pick as he.
lies on his back, at his own pleasure, are more in eel
cordance with those of the agriculturist than those of
the factory-worker. At least they resemble each
Other in this, that both are individualised, and each is
much .guided in his work by his 'own will.
The factory-worker is the assistant and servant
of a machine. Now let the Post remark that
the colliers, both in England and Scotland, are
the men who have been guilty of the greatest out-
rages. We believe when the Post reflects on the fact,
that probably not less than 500,000 persons have been
involved in the present commotion, it will find
reason to be grateful that it was a manufacturing
rather than an agricultural population which was thus
stirred to its innermost depths.
We regard our Contemporary's opinion of our manu-
facturing population as crude and erroneous:. He
admits that the Government has grossly neglected
its duty to this great population. But the popula-
tion which the Government has attended to, according
to the Post, is not in a better, but rather in a
worse condition ; and we therefore cannot be-
lieve, with the Post, that a factory population
will be improved by being regulated on an
agricultural system. In truth our statesmen and
public writers know very little indeed of the factory
population ; now and then some glimpse of a corner
of it is obtained, as by the inquiries of Committees and
Commissioners, or as by the present outbreak; and the
great astonishment or alarm which ensues is a conclu-
sive proof that of the whole we are grossly ignorant.
Men are acquainted with the laws of planetary motion,
and they are not surprised, at an eclipse; but they know
little or nothing of the factory system, and, therefore,
when a little portion of it is suddenly revealed, they
are lost in wonder.

Baron Brunow, the Russian -Minister, Count Kiel-
mansegge the Hanoverian Minister, and Chevalier
Bunsen, ;,he Prussian Minister, transacted business
yesterday at the Foreign-office.

COURT CIRCULAR.

WINDSOR, WEDNESDAY.—The Queen and Prince
-Albert;and the Duke of Saxe Coburg Gotha, at-
, tended by the Duchess of Norfolk, breakfasted with
her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent this day,
her Royal Highness's natal day, at Frogniore Lodge.
His Serene Highness the Prince of Leiningen was of
the party.
The Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal have
been taken airings to-day.
The Duke of Wellington took his departure from
the Castle this morning.
His Excellency Baron Moncorvo, the Portuguese
Minister, arrived on a visit to her Majesty. •
At half-past six o'clock this evening, her Majesty
and the Prince, and the Duke of Saxe Coburg, at-
tended by the whole of the Suite, left the Castle in
carriages for Virginia. Water, where the Royal party
dined in the Temple. At half-past seven, the Right
Hon. Sir William Fremantle and Mr. George Ed-
ward and the Hon. Mrs. Anson, had the honour of
joining the Royal party. Covers were laid for 24.
The band of the 2d Life Guards was in attendance.

'The Bachelors held their annual Revel in honour
of the Duchess of Kent's birthday, and the town was
illuminated generally this evening.

Yesterday being the anniversary of her Royal
Highness the Duchess of Kent's birthday, the same
was observed at Kensington by the usual marks of
respect; and every demonstration of -loyal attachment,
So justly due to her Royal Highness, was especially
displayed on the occasion. The morning was ushered
in by the ringing of the church bells, and in the even-
ing a numerous party of the tradesmen of her Royal
Highness met at the King's Arms Tavern, where a most
excellent dinner was provided, and to which her Royal
Highness, with her wonted liberality, largely con-
tributed by the present of a very fine buck. Win.
N. Wright, Esq., most ably presided in the chair.
The usual loyal and appropriate toasts were drank,
and the harmony of the evening was sustained by Mr.
Hudson and his professional friends. The houses of
the tradesmen in the town of. Kensington and in
various parts of London were splendidly illuminated.
Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of
Cambridge, and the Princess Augusta of Cambridge,
attended by Lady Augusta Somerset, Baron Knese-
beck, and Colonel Jones, honoured the Surrey Zoolo-
gical Gardens with a visit on Tuesday evening. The
Duke and Duchess and the Princess afterwards left
town for Kew.

Lord Fitzroy Somerset, the Military Secretary to
the Commander-in-Chief, remained at the Horse
Guards on Tuesday evening, and also visited Sir
James Graham during the eveningat the Home-office.
Yesterday morning a deputation from Sheffield
attended at the Home-office. The Attorney-General
and the Solicitor- General arrived at the office, and
had anlinterview with Sir James Graham. The Earl
of Leicester attended at the office in the afternoon,
and Lord Fitzroy Somerset visited Sir James in the
afternoon.

Sir Robert Peel arrived in town yesterday evening.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer arrived in town
yesterday from Ryde, Isle of Wight.
A deputation from Sheffield, consisting of Mr.
Charles Pease, Mr. Green, and Mr. Crossland, had an
interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer, yes-
terday, at his official residence in Downing-street.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.
FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.)
CITY, WEDNESDAY EFENING.

TIMES.—The premium on gold at Paris is 8 per
mille, which, at the English Mint price of 3/. 17s. 100.
per ounce for standard gold, gives an exchange of
25 351, and the exchange at Paris on London at short
being 25 471, it follows that gold is 0.48 per cent.
dearer in London than in Paris.

zttVia;..

" Who runs may read."

OILF.XGAT.

By advices from Hamburgh the price of gold is
432 per mark, which, at the English Mint price of
31. 17s. 101 d. per ounce for standard gold, gives an
exchange of 13 Bi, and the exchange at Hamburgh
on London at sho'rt being 13 10, it follows that
gold is 6.68 per. cent. dearer in' London than- in
Hamburgh.
The course of exchange at New York on London
is 1064 per cent., and the par of exchange between
England and America being 109 23-40 per cent., it
follows that the exchange is 3.32 per cent. against
England ; but the quoted exchange at New York
being' for bills at 60 days' sight, the interest Must be
deducted from the above difference.

SUN.—The excitement to ascertain the state of the
manufacturing districts does not appear to have' sub-
sided in the smallest degree, and the intelligence by
the late delivery, published in the Second Edition of
The Sun, caused a decline in the price of Consols,
which left off at 911 91* for Money and for the Ac-
count ; Bank Stock, 170 171 ; India Stock, 250 251 ;
Exchequer Bills, Old, sr 53 • New, 49 51 prem.
The prices of Foreign Securities were—Belgian,
101+ 1021-; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 52
; the Five per Cents., 101* 1021 ; Danish; 82+
83?; ; and Brazilian, 65 66.
The improved state of the Share Market continued
until the close of the business, when London and
Birmingham were, 177 180, ex-dividend ; Bir-
mingham and Gloucester, 48 49 ; Great Western,
881 891; the Half Shares, 63 63+ ; South Western,
621 63 ; North Midland, 56 58 ; the New Shares,
27 28 ; South Eastern and Dover, 211 ; Eastern
Counties, 99 ; Northern and Eastern, 391 40f ;
Blackwall, 8+ 971; Brighton, 338 33g.
The quotations for the Bonds were—Colombian,
20 20+ ; Peruvian, 15 16 ; Portuguese Five per
Cents., 334 33*; the Three per Cents., 191 20;
Spanish Five per Cents., 20* 21 ; and the Three per
Cents., 201 201. The above are all for time, and no
intelligence has arrived from Spain which would
warrant the advance in these Bonds.
The relative situation of the various States of South
America towards each other, is such as to demand
attention. Independently of a valuable general trade,
carried on between this country and that portion
of the world, Englishmen are individually largely
interested, as being bondholders against these
nations. And so long as the anarchy, which
has existed for some years past, shall continue, so
long is the one interest diminished, and the other
jeopardised. These remarks have been occasioned by
the intelligence from Buenos Ayres received to-day,
and the contents of the despatches by the last arrival,
the Teviot. Mexico, which has more particularly
maintained its position, is at war with Texas and
Campeachy ; Texas is viewed with jealousy by the
United States ; Buenos Ayres is struggling with the
province of Monte Vedeo, and with some other dis-
tricts ; in addition to which Chili, it is stated, has
now turned against it. A serious insurrection is also
in progress in some of the- mast important provinces
of Brazil, and the whole of the minor States in the
interior are pitted the one-against the other. Con-
sidering how much British interests are suffering by
these broils, for the poverty and paucity of
the inhabitants will not allow the supposi-
tion that any serious effects will arise to
themselves, it is not too much to expect and to
claim the interference of our own Government in ar-
ranging them. As far back as November, 'lB4O, a
convention was entered into between Great Britain
and Texas, in order that the former might mediate
with the latter, the ramifications were exchanged in
June of the present year, but nothing appears to have
arisen from it. The French blockade caused great
interruptions to English commerce, but to the advan-
tage of their own; and by the last accounts, " the ab-
sence of French influence being seriously felt at Monte
Video, in order to counteract the efforts of Mr. Man-
deville" is made the subject of much complaint.
From the condition of the several belligerent parties
but little can be effected by the one party or the
other by actual fighting, and each successive arrival
shows that intrigue is the prime mover among them
all. A firm remonstrance upon the part of our Exe-
cutive would, it is thought, be productive of much
good, and prevent other nations obtaining that supe-
riority for which they are eminently striving. Com-
mercial relations have been concluded between
England and Texas, but it is believed that Belgium
has contrived to forestall us, and, from all appearances,
it may be reasonably doubted if other European
nations may not do the same in regard to some more
of the republics.

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING. AUGUST 18, 1842.

AND
Vtatifte Ogtatou.

S " VI li Pl. P 'V
,
LI A.• ' Ai'l ii a
- • • ti - fiv rd

In consequence of the fete of Assumption on Mon-
day, only a few of the French Journals were pub-
lished on Tuesday, and in these there is nothing of
real importance, either as regards news or comment.
Extract of a letter from the Hague, dated 12th
instant :—" The long talked of Royal decree, ordain-
ing that certain corps of the Dutch army shall take
the denomination of the federal contingent of Lim-
burg, is at last issued. They are to consist of a
battalion of infantry, a squadron of dragoons, and a
company of artillery, all of whom are, as far as
possible, to be composed of men originally volun-
teers from the Duchy of Limburg. This decree
will probably become a subject of discussion in the
States General during its next session."
According to accounts from Hesse-Darmstadt, the
fortifications of Mentz are proceeding with great ra-
pidity, and on the most extensive scale. Several thou-
sand men are, it is said, engaged on the work.
The German Journal of Frankfort announces from
Munich that the Bavarian 3i per cent. public debt is
about to be paid dr.
The Borsenhalle of Hamburgh contains a letter
from Falster (Denmark), Aug. 7, which states that a
man of war, forming part of the Russian squadron
now cruising in the Baltic, in which the Grand Duke
Constantine was to pass the Belt and the Cattegat,
had been signalised.—A letter from Elsinore an-
nounces the arrival of a frigate with his Royal High-
ness on board.

It is stated from Athens, July 27, in the Leipsic
Gazette, that the Greek Government has sent 400,000 f.
to the house of Messrs. de Rothschild in Paris, to pay
the interest and a portion of the sinking fund of the
loan for the six months ending in August. It is
added that 200,000 f, snore would be sent off by the
next packet.

MONEY-TRADE-COMMERCE.
Enormous quantities of English fruit have within
the last two days been shipped by the steamers for
Scotland ; the Royal Adelaide yesterday took out
upwards of 100 tons of fruit for the Edinburgh
markets.

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