The Sun.
London, England, 1829-10-16 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

Among many portentous articles of the capi-
tulation, which transfers Turkey in Europe to
the sceptre of the Czar, we yesterday quoted one
of a very striking character,—namely, that which
provides for the undisturbed continuance of the
"administration and order of things, now esta-
blished under the influence of the Imperial
Court of Russia, until the complete evacuation
of the territories occupied by the Russran
troops." In commenting on this decisive clause,
we did not state the effect of it as strongly as its
language would seem to justify; for, in truth,
it amounts to this—that so long as a Rus-
sian soldier remains in occupation of any
part, however small, of Turkey, the Rus-
sian civil government shall be maintained
in every part of it,—a government, com-
posed of such Mahometan functionaries as
are most disaffected to the state. What the
consequence of such a condition must be
upon the future relations between the Porte and
its professed subjects, requires no deep study to
determine ; for it is impossible that, even if the
troops of Russia should by some miracle be
withdrawn from the Turkish territory, the sway
of the Seraglio can ever again be submitted to
without civil war in the provinces exposed to
such a change ; and what are those provinces
but the whole eastern division of Turkey, from
the Danube through Shumla to Adrianople ?
We have not, then, much overstated the matter
in alleging that Turkey, though left a sort of
verbal or technical identity, does in fact exist no
longer, but as unhappy Poland may be said to
exist,—a Russian prisoner, slave, and victim.
Look, then, at these two great monarchies,—at
their position with regard to Russia, and at her's
towards Europe, before the year 1812 and at
present. Even Buonaparte had arrayed the east
of Europe more sagaciously for the common in-
terest of Christendom than the changes subse-
quent to his defeat have rendered it. Russia
seized the moment when the offensive force of
France was still formidable, and needed but a
Muscovite diversion on the Vistula to restore
the prospect of something like equality on the
Rhine. She grasped, we say, that fatal moment,
while the congress of Vienna was measuring off
the continent into districts, punishing nations for
their sovereigns, and " settling Europe" by lay-
ing the groundwork of eternal jealousies and vin-
dictive wars,—that crisis Russia made her own,
by wrenching Poland from the hands which held
the general stock-purse of " indemnity and se-
curity," and haughtily declaring that it should
be her's for ever. Lord Castlereagh lifted up his
voice, indeed, and denounced the ambition of
the Court of St. Petersburg!), but Alexander
held him in derision. " If," said the Russian
Ministers, " you think fit to oppose us here,
" you shall fight the remainder of the French
contest without the aid of Russia." This, then,
was one opportunity of raising an injured people
lost to Europe, and dexterously turned to her
own account by that power which has lost no
opportunity of self aggrandizement. Now
Turkey falls !—and falls to Russia. Then were
there ever known within so short a period ac-
quisitions of empire so vast ? There is no par-
tition of Poland—that event stands out as a
crime and shame in history ; but the days of the
partition are over—Prussia and Austria have
small compensation for what they incurred of the
infamy, in what they have retained of the plunder.
Dantzic and Thorn in the north, and on the south
Galicia, are but offal dropped from the talons of
the imperial eagle of St. Petersburgh,—evi-
dences alike of weakness as of guilt in these
accessory and menial culprits. But, again we
ask, when, during the last 1,000 years, have
such enormous acquisitions been 'made in so
brief a period by any European conqueror, as
these two of Poland and Turkey by the Czar
of Muscovy within the space of 15 years ?
When, in a single generation, were such solid
masses of dominion superadded to any pre-
existing empire ? When were the relative po-
sitions of one power with each and all of
the surrounding states, so fearfully changed to
their detriment as in this instance? We say
nothing of the rapid strides of Russia between
the Caspian and the Euxine, and her recent ap-
propriation of the keys as well of Persia as of
Asiatic Turkey :—of Finland, and the lodg-
ment made by Russia almost within the suburbs
of the Swedish capital, we say nothing. But
confining ourselves to Poland and to the space
bets een the Danube and the Dardanelles, with
Greece, including Thessaly for its outwork, may
it not be affirmed that twenty years ago the
empire of Russia was not half European, and that
while we write, Europe is almost half Russian ?
Was this event not foreseen by England from the
commencement of the present war ? and is it not
now deemed by the British Government a cala-
mity ? We must answer in the affirmative to both
questions, because there is no sane mind in
Europe that can look with satisfaction at the im-
mense and rapid overgrowth of Russian power.
The Athenian sophists ridiculed Demosthenes
for his fears of the Macedonian craft,
and cupidity, and aggrandizement. It became
a fashion to call things by false but soothing
names. Philip was renowned for moderation !
The statesman who saw his projects and de-
nounced them, was a disturber of the public
peace,—a slanderer of friendly princes,—lns sus-
picions were unjust,—his sagacity on the stretch
for unreal dangers,—his views were visionary,—
but his counsels, alas ! were but feebly acted, on ;
and the ruin came which he had long been re-
proached, by your sober-minded men, with tur-
bulence or folly for predicting. But how were
these evils, which many foresaw, and to which
the King's Ministers did not blind themselves or
the country, to be averted ? We had our own
wishes on the subject at an early period of the
war; and as they stand on record, for us or against
us, there is the less reason for avoiding to recur
to them. We recalled, in our mind's eye, Lord
Chatham to the scene, and with him there came
a prompt and peremptory order for a squadron
of British men of war, with bombs and fireships,
to sail up the Dardanelles, and scour the Euxine.
What would have followed from such a demon-
stration of spirit and power on the part of Eng-
land, the policy of the Sultan and the force and
quality of his troops being the same ? Why,
that there could not have existed any shadow pf
communication coastwise for the Russian arms,
and that the road bv Shumla would have been
the only one by which they could have advanced,
This, we believe, settles the event of the war.
Then a question very fairlyarises upon the justice
of such an interference. Self-defence is always
a justifiable motive for interposition by force of
arms. If Europe were likely to be disturbed
and embarrassed by the Russfaiis obtaining,what
they have obtained, the military possession of
Turkey in Europe, Europe bad a right to inter-
pose,ll or any one or more great states of Europe.
But Russia had we claims which
Turkey would not grant. Why
joined with Russia to enforce such claims, and

to secure them for the future ? The rights of
commerce are dear to all civilized powers;. there
was no ground of principle or (generally speak.
ing) of wisdom to prevent England from com-
bining with Russia to force the free commerce
of the Dardanelles, the Bosphorus, and the
Euxine. If Russia claimed but these, she
ought to have had them ; if more than one was
just, site might fairly have been resisted by other
Powers besides the Turks, seeing to what pur-
poses, in relation to Europe generally, the mili-
tary successes of Russia over the Ottomans
might have been turned. But there were other
things behind, and neither England nor Europe
were filirly dealt by. A large portion of the
French press, and as its exertions proceeded, a
great body of the nation under its influence ran
wild upon the Turkish question. First, the in-
dependence of Greece, which was a separate and
smaller question, was put forward as that to
which alone the minds of Frenchmen ought to
be directed. Had a vigorous and long-sighted
part been taken by England and France toge-
ther, it would perhaps have been this :—" We
(the Allies) will force Turkey to acquiesce
in the independence of Greece; but on the
other hand we will compel the Emperor
Nicholas to respect the integrity and in-
dependence of Turkey." This, we say,
ought to have been done, if it had been
practicable, But was it practicable ? Perhaps
not ; perhaps the French press and the French
public would not 'support the Government of
King Charles, in fulfilling its duty to Europe.
Instead of following the direct path of French
policy, and taking steps to restrain any dangerous
movement by Russia, certain papers—such as
the Constitutionnel, and the Journal des Debats
—got up again the old Buonapartean hostility
to England, and actually turned the popular feel-
ing of the French upon a false scent, deterring
them from all opposition to the views of Russia,
because in resisting her they would have to co-
operate with this country ! This was the ex-
treme of folly in the public who were duped,—
it was the extreme of baseness in the press and
its auxiliaries who duped them. And why was
this anti-national course adopted by papers which
called themselves liberal ? There is a Corsican
in Paris, who once received a pension from the
British Government, and who, ever since the
year 1815, has held the post of Russian Mini-
ster ,at the French Court. This gentleman is
reputed to be the most dexterous intriguer in
Europe. The invasion of Spain, in 1822, is
said to have been chiefly his work. A large
portion of the press of France is his instrument.
The Constitutionnel is believed to be under his
absolute controul ; and we are sorry to say, that
there is nothing in the later history of another
popular Journal to repel the imputation of its
being secretly influenced by Pozzo. The
game, then, of this diplomatist was clear,—
viz. to divert from Russia against Great
Britain the whole power of that French
feeling, which, if' governed by common
sense, would have united with the Duke of
Wellington for a great European object, and to
interpose the phantoms of English maritime ty-
ranny—the obsolete topics of Buonaparte s
tirades against this country—between the gigan-
tic schemes of Russia and the mystified imagi-
nation of the French people. This plan was
followed up by perpetual attacks upon Prince
Polignac and his administration, on the despi-
cable pretext of his being helped into office by
the Duke of Wellington ! but for no real rea-
son whatever except that the Prince was known
by Pozzo di Borgo to see, like most enlightened
men, some danger in the Russian policy. Such
has been, as is shrewdly hinted, the state of
things behind the scenes: the stage-manager of
the Parisian drama has been Pozzo,—the briber
of the French press has been Pozzo,—the con-
scious calumniator of England is the same Pozzo,
once the pensioner of England. He is, how-
ever, an efficient servant of his present master.
But we repeat most distinctly, that while the
French mind was so diseased upon this great
question of permanent interest to Europe, no
English Minister could have discreetly ven-
tured to break ground in the East. We have
a word or two to add to these general re-
marks in relation to one point in the treaty,
which, though it did not strike us at first sight,
appears, on further perusal, to deserve peculiar
notice :—ln Article X., the accession of the
Porte being assumed to the treaty of the 6th of
.July, 1827, concluded in London between Rus-
sia, France, and Great Britain, it is likewise re-
quired of her that she adopt the protocol of the 22d
of March, 1829, by which the larger boundary is
exacted for Greece, the boundary from the Gulf of.
Arta to that of Volo. Now, though the protocol
does certainly contemplate that line of demarkation,
yet first, a protocol is not a definitive treaty; and
next, which is of much more importance, if
there be one point upon which, above all others,
the Allies have insisted most scrupulously, it is
that Russia shall not mix up the Greek question
with her separate disputes with Turkey ; and yet
Russia here takes leave to decide upon the Greek
question ! " You shall not only give up the
Morea and the Islands, but Phocis, Thebes,
Attica"! &c. It is true Russia decides in the
sense of the protocol to which France and Eng-
land were parties, but she decides singly and im-
periously; and it is not certain, under the cur-
tailed power of Turkey—under her present in-
ability to injure Greece—that the Allies might
not have been finally disposed to remit F 1 little of
the rigid spirit of the protocol; but here they
were cut short. What will our Government say
to this ? Still there will be a perplexity in mov-
ing ; for though a slight, or rather an insult, has
been offered to the Allies by the article it: ques-
tion, yet to annul that which has been done at
Adrianople by Rus:iia with the stroke of her pen,
in order to do the same thing at London by
Russia, France, and England, by the ;core dila-
tory process of conference and discussion, would
certainly appear like risking substantial objects
for the sake of etiquette. The conkct of Rus-
sia, however, is clearly offensive, and contrary to
her repeated declarations.--Times.

Colonel Evans has just published 41‘ octavo
volume, "On the Practicability of an Invasion
of British India," hy Russia ; and by way of
epigraph, gives the *following ominous quota-
tion ;--." If we possessed ghiva, of which the
conquest would not be difficult .
_then
would an the treasures ol 4sia ich our
country, and we should see realized the brilliant
project of Peter the Great Masters of Khiva,
rnan other Slates would be brought under our
dependence. In a wont Khiva is at this mo
ment an advance post, which would beeomc the
point of reunion for all the commerce of Asia,
and would shake to, -Me Centre of _lndia the
enormous Commereinl superiority of the Do-
minators, of the Sea."--Colonel Nlouraviof,
Russian Envoy to Khiv4-1826- The route
by which the Russians could invade iiindostan
is from the Ray of IJalkau, in the Caspian,
through the territor/- of the Tudiontaus to

:: ~ r.

Khiva, thence by the Oxus, tiittl:...l;-\ ctkiltra
ind Cabul, to our territories. W I`l e -74
tion of the space from the Caspia
rest of the way he commis
regions, the population of which ?Do- •
resistance to the Russians. " The ags tia'c4ii
Ind repassed by Buonaparte during the Syrian
•ampaign (Leing seventy-fire leagues across)
was about fifty miles broader than the steppe
between the Caspian Sea and Khiva. The
march of Sir David Baird's army from Cosseir
to Cairo passed over a similar tract (totally de-
=.ert and nearly destitute of water for 140 miles.
Only twelve men and fifteen horses died in this
Jassage)." Alluding to Buonaparte's project of
invasion, Colonel Evans says, " Two great
leseits intervened—that near the Euphrates, the
other to the Eastward of Persia. The whole
listance might have been nearly 3,500 miles ; to
have accomplished which in four months would
have required about 30 miles a day without in-
termission—a rate of progress, with all possible
lids, and no resistance, out of 'all range of pro-
bability.

" The project of the Russians appears to be quite
of a different description :—to move three or four
thousand men over,for the most part, a sterile steppe,
deficient in water, but of inconsiderable breadth.--
There (at Khiva) to be reinforced by further de-
tachments, to facilitate the bringing up of which ar-
rangements could then be easily made, and also to
he recruited both at that place and at Bukhara. from
the unfortunate Russians and Persians at present
held in captivity. It is at Balk that, in fact, a. con-
siderable train of baggage animals would have to be
prepared. (In all these countries we do not read of
one strong fortress, nor of anything which would re-
quire siege artillery.) The distance to Attock is
nearly five hundred miles. But excepting the Hindeo
Coosh hills, of ten or fifteen days its the passage, it
is generally a peopled and well cultivated country.
The merchant caravans which constantly cross the
Hindoo Coosh, consist chiefly of horses and ponies,
being more adopted than the camel for the defile
passes. But camels abound on both sides of the
mountain."

Old Fortescue observed, that wherever any
thing was to be had, an Englishman would always
help himself to it ; and it may be conceded to
Colonel Evans, that the Russians as well as the
English would continue to help themselves in
plentiful countries. " The means of transport
(he observes) are the means of supply ; the dif-
ficulty is not generally in collecting supplies. A
military force, in command of any extent of coun-
try, can always provision itself even throughout a
series of years." Colonel Evans allows two
seasons to the undertaking. "M. Fraver," he
says, " was informed by several persons, whose
reports coincided, and whose statements he con-
sidered worthy to be received, that the distance
from the Bay of Balkan to Khiva is twelve clays'
journey for a caravan ; in another place he gives,
it at ten days. M. Mouravief states the distance
from thence to the neighbourhood of Bokhara,
for heavily laden boats, at seven days' voyage.---
From this point to within two days' march of
Balk may be another voyage of four or five days.
Here, then, are twenty-five, or suppose we admit
it to be thirty-five days' journey for merchants,
which we will allow a Russian force a whole cam-
paign to accomplish, in order that there may b'
full time for establishing themselves in Khiva,
Bokhara, Samarcand, &c.

" Let us then suppose, that early in the following
year there are ten or fifteen thousand Russians, with
twenty or thirty thousand newly-organized troops,
assembled between Balk and the ancient Anderab
at the foot of the mountains; smaller columns being
directed towards the passes leading to Pershawa and
Cashmere.

" From Anderab, through the defiles of the On-
doo Coosh to Gaubul is one hundred miles. rrom
Caubul to Attock is about two hundred and thirty
miles. It is strange if they cannot accomplish this
within the second campaign, aided, as there is too
much reason to apprehend they may be, by many of
the discontented arid unprincipled Afghani' Chief-
tains, some of whom are even, perhaps, at this vray
time, urging their invitations to this invasion.
" Some persons suppose that we could I:aing our
whole force, of about 200,000 men, to the front
line, to meet an invader. This is an error. To be
enabled to bring to this extreme frontier line any
thing approaching to this number, a vast augmenta-
tion of our Indian army must previously take place.
We should have to provide for the controul of a
territory of from fifteen hundred to two thousand
miles to the rear, containing a conquered, and, there-
fore, it may be conjectu red, not over loyal population."
But Colonel Evans admits that the Russians,
even if they were to enter on this crusade, would
be two years about it. Now surely the English,
with a country of such immense resources as.
India, and with as long a warning for prepara-
tion, would be able to oppose to the Russians a
much larger force than they could convey so
great a distance from their home, Whatever
Stake they chose to hazard, the English could
always double it. After the Russians have
crossed the Steppe to K.:hiva, and secured diem.
selves in Bokhara, $4,c., they still have tc., make
their way through strong countries, which the
English, of course, would pre-oco-upy, and the
English are . not Turks. " Is, would evidently
be desirable," says Colonel Evans, " that we
should hare a complete knowledge of the Hin-
doo Coosh, and ill the passes through it. As a
question would most probably arise as to whether
it should not be occupied by a detached corps in
support of the native bands, in the event of a
Menaced invasiwo, and of the Afghauns, or .chief
part of them being in alliance with us. It no
douht offers strong positions as, an advanced ;inc,
if held by a force which knew how tc.; defend
them. There is a river (the Paumeb) which
falls into the Caubul river, westward of Peshawer,
along while runs for some distance the road to
Koanclooz. This would also be occupied." It
is but justice to Colonel Evans to admit that he
has produced a host of authorities, some of them
of high ;.-.liaracter, to spew that our Indian Ern,
pies is not vulnerable in the direction ho sUudes
to. But taking all the circumstances into con-
sideration, we do not think thwe is much cause
for alarm. While Russi'.:, was marching to
Khiva, and advar,c4P.i; through Bokhara, what
would Enalv,l4l b o inn. in the Baltic ? How-
evera '.l.eserves thanks for his diligence and
ingenuity ; for forewarned is forearmed.—Morn-
ing Chronicle.
The obvious importance at this moment of'
coining to a right understanding as to the finan-
cial resources of the country, in order to enable
us fairly to look our situation in the face, is our
motive for directing the attention of our readers
to a point which appears to have been hitherto a
little unaccountably overlooked. In the quarter
terminating on the 10th of October, the de,-
ciency, as compared with the corresponding
quarter of the former year, was in the Excise.
Now, if wo can establish the position that this
deficiency was not only unexpected, but actually
taken into official calculation as a thing certain
to occur, and that from a very natural and by lig
means unsatisfactory cause, we shall give the
best answer to the desponding inferences that
have been a little hastily drawn on this subjects
In order to make ourselves intelligible, it will
necessary to go back a few ears, tJ advert tt)

the cause to which we are to ascribe the surplus
_in one important branch of the Excise revenue
of the last year. It will be remembered, that
at the time alluded to, a Statute was in operation,
under the provisions of which the Malt Tax
was collected. The conditions of this Statute
were of a nature so vexatious and inconvenient,
and subjected even the fair trader to so much
harassing !interference on the part of the gauger,
that the maltsters, with a very few exceptions,
came to a general resolution to reduce their deal•
ings to the lowest possible scale, and the falling-
off in the duty became so considerable, and was
so directly traceable to the causes just mentioned
that a repeal of the obnoxious statute became in-
dispensible, and the effect of the repeal (which
came into operation at the beginning of 1828)
was instantly visible in an increase of the Malt
Duty beyond any former example. This in-
crease was effected in two ways—directly, as af-
fording the maltster an exemption from the one-
rous conditions previously imposed, and indi-
rectly, by inducing him to augment his dealings
to compensate for his former compulsory inac-
tivity. Of these two causes, the last would ne-
cessarily exhaust itself in the course of that sea-
son in which the obstruction was removed, and
we believe no intelligent man contemplated
the possibility of the Malt Tax continuing
equally productive. At the time of the
annual fiscal statement made by the Chan-
cellor of .the Exchequer in the last Session,
that Minister anticipated a falling off in the par-
ticular branch on which we are treating to the
amount of seven hundred thousand pounds ; and
we learn that his anticipation is borne out by the
fact, in so far as the year's revenue has hitherto
proceeded ; and it is not a little singular that a
solution so natural, and so easily accessible to
the most moderate penetration, should have been
so entirely overlooked in so many elaborate cal-
culations, We have made these remarks and
detailed these facts, not for the purpose of shut-
ting our own eyes or those of our readers to the
financial embarrassments of the country ; but it
is an approved maxim in the conduct of public
as well as private concerns, if we would proceed
with any prospect of a satisfactory result, fairly
and manfully to consider the case in all its bear-
ings, and to refuse to suppress any fact, or to
draw any inference, from the consideration that
either one or the other may be applied to the
disadvantage of our own view of the question.—
Ibid.

Lieutenant-Colonel Evans, who is already
most advantageously known to our readers as
the author of a clever work, " On the Designs
of Russia," has again taken up the pen on a
subject so nearly allied to that of the publica-
tion alluded to, as to be not improperly termed
its twin brother—we mean "On the Practica-
bility of an Invasion of British India, and on
the Commercial and Financial Prospects and
Resources of the Empire." The chief part of
the work, we are informed in a supplemental
note, was not only written, but actually printed,
before the passage of the Balkan by the Rus-
sian army ;—a fact which, coupled as it is with
the now well-known moderation of Russia,
greatly strengthens the positions and arguments
of the author in favour of increased watchful-
ness of the designs of Russia. We have not
yet had such time to peruse the Colonel's work,
as to enable us to give a satisfactory account of
it ; but we cannot resist the temptation of giving
in the meantime an extract from the supplemen-
tal note with which it is ushered into the world,
and in the sentiments of which we cordially concur.
At the prew3nt crisis the observations of the
author are doubly interesting :
" At such a time," observes Colonel Evans, "it
mai not be extraneous to look back, for a moment,
on the transactions of the four years' eventful reign
of the pi eseut Czar, Nicholas. z
" At his accession, an insurrection took place,
the importance. of which was much magnified. The
strength of it appears to have chiefly consisted in
what musthave totally hindered its ultimate success
—namely, the loyalty of some regiments to the
rightful heir of Alexander, Some thought in th;s
country, that if the Autocrat had been then cut off,
the greatness of the Empire had been put a stop to.
But how goon are recent events forgotten T. During
the last hundred years alone about eight members
of the Imperial auseian family have perished by
poison, in dungeons, or by assassination. Amongst
them wee even the father of the reigning sovereign.
Twice also during that period has the dynasty been
violently ciiaogcd in favour of foreigners, and even
of women—one originally a peasant girl, the other a
petty German princess, And in what respect did
these catastrophes defeat the aggressive policy or
avert the ambitious progress of the Muscovite state ?
Counting downward from Cesar or Anthony for
.500 years, what a multitude of those who wore the
purple, or of scions of the stock, may we not enu-
merate, that were slain by conspirators, or put aside
in a like manner, without freeing the world from
Roman bondage ! And yet Rome was all that time
in the decrepitode of its age, and, with little inter-
mission, in a declining, distracted, and anarehieal con-
dition. How different from the rude, youthful, and
ascending vigour of the present northern power I
" No sooner was the Crown steadily placed upon
the head of Nicholas, than his Ambassador at the
Porte gave in a peremptory ultimatum, The can-
tonments on the Pruth were concentrated ; the
troops were assembled ; six weeks were granted for
a decis;on ; at the expiration of which, if the de-
- wands should' net be acceded to, the Principalities,
it was announced, would be taken possession of.—
The Convention of Airman followed, which was,
in fact, an engraftment of a new and galling treaty
upon that of Bucharest. Tina Turks openly con-
fessed that they yielded, with the lenife to their
throats.'
" This done, Persia is turned upon ; and a pro-
vince, which covers the capital, and comprises, by
its features, the absolute key on that side of the
Shah's dominions, are wrested from him, trader the
pretences of the most monstrous and glaring futility.
" The Royal Family of Persia being now lost in
public estimation, are at present actually kept upon
the throne of that con:ltry, through the good plea-
sure of the Cabinet of St. Petersburgh, for such pur-
poses as, no doubt, will, in due
on, be developed.
" Not a moment is then lost in Tccommenchig
operations of a decisive character against the Porte.
The proceedings in Greece being intermediately
in
progress, a President is actually furnished to it from
the Foreign Office of the Emperor.
" It is almost idle to talk of the particular terms
of the treaty of Adrianople. The general conse-
quence of these transactions is—that one of the
States hitherto, comprehended in the European
confederacy, and most important by its geographi-
cal position, has virtually ceased to exist,
" Such has bee. the busy and triumphant course
of this jiJicious and able Prince; whose modera-
tion has been to ridiculously a theme of admiration,
and who, in reality, has already achieved more for
the substantial aggrandisement of his power, at the
very outset of his career, than have the greater part
of his most successful predecessors in a whole reign.
" The overthrow of the Ottoman power in Eu-
rope has been so utter and irremediable, and the
dismemberment so vast, that it may now be well
doubted whether the Sultan has been 'wisely coun-
selled, in yielding the sanction of a recognition to
the respite,_ for it is no peace,—which records in a
formal manner his subjugation. The shadow of a
resistance could only be offered ; but it may be con-
jectured that it should have beets offered. The fe-
rocious Sultan, if indisposed! to play in reality the