The Sun.
London, England, 1842-12-22 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 22, 1842.

THE BISULPHURET OF CARBON.

DR. TURNBULL'S DISCOVERIES.

We have frequently had the pleasure of rc-
cording the almost marvellous success which has
attended Dr. TurnbuMs application of the vapour
of hydrocyanic, or prussic acid, as a remedial
agent in cases of blindness and deafness. Since
that period the Doctor has directed his attention
to the investigation of the therapeutic properties
of other gaseous bodies, and the results of his re-
searches have been communicated to the public
through the medium of the Lancet and the Me-
dical Gazette, in the following letter to the Editors
of those periodicals :
Sir,—ln October, 1841, I gave an account of the
action of the vapour of hydrocyanic acid upon diseases
of the eye. Since that period I have been engaged
in investigating the action of various other bodies on
the same organ, and under the same form.
One reason why I did not rest satisfied with the
great effects produced . by the hydrocyanic acid was,
that its action, like that of all other medicines, de-
creased in power by continued application, thereby
rendering it necessary to have occasional recourse to
other medicines, in order to insure a more speedy re-
covery. Another reason- was, the reluctance of many
individuals to submit the eye to the action of so po-
tent a medicine.

The first medicines to which I shall refer, and
which I have employed with some success, are the
chlorocyanic acid and sulphuretted chyazic acid. The
plan I pursue is that of putting a drachm of one of
the medicines into a bottle (containing a small piece
of sponge) of about two-ounce size, having a mouth
precisely fitted to the eye, and with a ground-glass
stopper.
. _ _

The action of these medicines is very different from
that of the hydrocyanic acid, in as far as they both
stimulate the eye, and produce much greater warmth
and irritation, with less dilatation of the pupil. Pew,
however, can bear the chlorocyanic acid to be applied
longer to the eye than half a minute, though, in a
minute after its application, all irritation is removed,
and the eye feels perfectly at ease.
The next medicine which I have employed in the
form of vapour was the chloruret of iodine. This
medicine produces very little warmth or uneasiness to
the eye, if continued for the space of two minutes or
upwards ; but a sensation of irritation, accompanied
with a flow of tears, takes place on its removal. It
contracts the pupil, and in no case have I seen it dilate
it. Its vapour rises very readily, and does not leave
the yellow disagreeable colouring on the skin pro-
duced by the vapour of iodine, when uncombined,
which is a great drawback in the use. of iodine in
diseases of the eye.
The last medicine which I have employed is the
bisulphuret of carbon, which is so volatile, that the,
application of it to the eye, when the bottle is held in
a warm hand for a few seconds, is as much as can be
borne, in consequence of the intense prickling heat and
flow of tears which it occasions. Owing to this fact,
generally use it by causing the patient to shut the
eyelid during its application, which can thEn he con-
tinued for a minute or two with the same beneficial
effect upon the eye, and without inconvenience to the
patient. It generally contracts_ the pupil, and very
seldom dilates it.

I used to employ iodine by putting it into the same
bottles, and immersing it in hot water, and in it. state
of vapour applying it to the eye; but I now find it
answers much better when d;ssolved in the bisulphuret
of carbon.

It is my intention, shortly, to give a full account of
the action of these medicines upon the various forms
of disease to which the eye is subject, and also what
particular disease each medicine is best calculated to
remove. At the same time I shall state such instances
of failure as have occurred in my experience, in order
that a just estimate may be formed of the value and
importance of each medicine.
It may not be out of place here to state, that I have
employed, with great success, the bisulphuret of car-
apon to enlarged indurated lymphatic glands. In the
first instance, I rubbed equal quantities of the
bisulphuret of carbon and alcohol upon the
parts affected, but without any effect upon the
glands. But as its effects were so great when its
vapour was confined to the eye, I was led to apply
it in the form of vapour, and by means of
glass bottles similar to those I have described.
By these means,l excluded the action of the medicine
from the external air, and thereby prevented its
speedy evaporation. When it had been applied about
one minute, the patient felt the part very cold, but
immediately after a gradual heat, accompanied with
great prickling—the heat increasing the longer the
medicine was kept in contact with the part, until it
could no longer be endured. On removing the glass,
the part was red to an extent two or three times
greater than the part enclosed. In a few days the
change in the size of the glands was very great; and
by its daily repetition, a complete and speedy removal
of the disease was effected. I also find that its action
upon diseased glands is more decided if the surface of
the skin is well moistened with water previous to the
application of the bottle to the part.
The water, in fact, not only prevents the escape of
the vapour between the glass and the skin, but assists
the imbibition of the carbon; a point of the highest
importance, inasmuch as all its action on the part de-
pends upon the exclusion of the atmosphere from the
vapour. I may here observe, that these applications
occasion no injury whatever to the skin.
I have also found the bisulphuret of carbon and the
chloroeyanie acid valuable medicines in the removal
of deafness, depending upon a want of nervous energy
and deficiency of wax. The mode of its application
is substantially the same as that which I employ in
diseases of the eye, with this difference only, that the
bottle is formed with a small neck and stopper adapted
to the size of the orifice of the ear, and held close to
the organ until a considerable degree of warmth is
produced.
The action of these medicines, which contain so
large a share of carbon, arises from the carbon in the
vapour permeating the cuticle, and coming in contact
with the oxygen in the vessels, which is conveyed
through every part of the frame by inspiration and
otherwise, and thereby forming carbonic acid gas,
which evolves heat in the ratio of the quantity con-
sumed by the oxygen.
The following quotations from Professor Liebig, in
his work on " Organic Chemistry," sufficiently prove
the correctness of this position :—" It is only in those
parts of the body to which arterial blood, and, with
it, the oxygen absorbed in respiration, is conveyed,
that heat is produced. Hair, wool, or feathers, do
not possess an elevated temperature. This iigh
temperature of the animal body, or, as it may be
called, disengagement of heat, is uniformly, an 1 under
all circumstances, the result of the combinati(n of a
combustible substance with oxygen. C n wha!ever way
carbon may combine with oxygen, the act of combi-
nation cannot take place without ; ce disengagement
of heat. We can no longer doubt that gases of every
kind, whether soluble or insoluble in water, possess
the property of permeating animal tissues, as water
permeates unsized paper."
Does not the action of medicines containing so
large a proportion of carbon, which can be brought
into contact with the whole external surface of the
body, and thereby capable of being easily disengaged,
suggest a method of relieving pulmonary disease likely
to be attended with no ordinary success, by calling
into greater activity the action of the skin, and thereby
materially lightening the labour of the lungs ? Are
we not the more encouraged to expect such remedial
influence in diseases of the lungs, from the fact of its
great power in removing indurated glands, which are
so common accompaniments of consumption ? There
can be no doubt of the usefulness of bisulphuret of
carbon in skin diseases.
I have submitted these observations under the con-
viction that they embody principles which may be
carried out, and made of great utility to mankind.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
A. TURNI3ULL, M.D.

48, Russell-square, Oct. 20, 1842.
A brief notice of this letter appeared in the
Literary Gazette of the sth Nov., and in the
week following the following letter from Dr.
Turnbull appeared in that periodical, still further
explaining the views of the Doctor on the
subject:—

REMARKS ON THE ACTION OF CARBON, &C.
(To the Editor of the Literary Gazette.) .
48, Russell-square, Nov. 8, 1842.
Sir,—l beg leave to tender my sincerest thanks
for your kind notice in the last Gazette of my recent
discoveries on the treatment of diseases of the eye, &c.
Allow me to intrude for onee in your crowded columns
by referring to what you accidentally omitted, :viz.,
my manner of applying the bisulphuret of carbon,
and also to add a few reasons illustrative of the fact
which you have quoted from me, that its action
depends on its union with the oxygen. The plan
I adopt is this :—I put a drachm of the bi-
sulphuret of carbon into a two-ounce bottle ;
the medicine is so volatile that the heat °Nile hand
causes the vapour rapidly to rise, and come into con-
tact with the skin. The action is more decided if the
skin is previously moistened with water, as the water
not only prevents the escape of the vapour between the
glass and the skin, but also excludes the external air, a
point of the very highest importance. In my paper,
which appeared in the Lancet, of October 29th, I
stated, that " when it had been applied about one mi-
nute, the patient felt the part very cold, but immedi-
ately after a gradual heat, accompanied with great
prickling, the heat increasing the longer the medicine
was kept in contact with the part, until it could no
longer be endured. On removing the glass the part
was red, to an extent two or three times greater than
the part enclosed. These applications occasion no
injury whatever to the skin." Showing that the
action of the bisulphuret of carbon depends on
its union with the oxygen in the blood-vessels,
I will merely state the following experiments

Carbonic acid- gas was applied in a similar
bottle, and in the same way, to the skin, the ex-
ternal air being excluded, and the skin moistened with
water, for the space of ten minutes; but neither red-
ness nor any sensible heat was induced; for this satin
factory reason, that heat is the consequence of oxida-
tion with the carbon, which oxidation, in the case of
carbonic acid gas, had of course been previously
effected. Alcohol, sulphuric ether; nitric ether, and
many other ethers— all of which contain a large por-
tion of carbon—were similarly tried, but had no
effect; for the same reason, viz., that it is already in
a state of union with oxygen in all these highly car-
bonised bodies.
I remain, Sir, Tour obedient servant,
A. TURNBULL, 111. D., &c.
So deeply are we convinced of the importance
of these discoveries, that we have felt it our duty
to give these communications of Dr. Turnbull
entire. It is a great thing to have discovered a
remedy capable of restoring the sight or the
heariog in cases which have hitherto been consi-
dered as incapable of relief; but neither the
sight nor the hearing are essential to the conti-
nuance of life : not so the proper performance of
the functions of the lungs and the other blood-
vitalizing organs. Now without entering upon
the discussion of the vexate questiones as to the
manner in which the lungs and the skin prepare
the blood for the proper performance of its func-
tions in the animal economy—without taking
part either with Liebig and the supporters of the
new chemical theory on the one hand, or with
the disciples of the more ancient school of
physiology on the other, we may assume
that both the lungs and the skin are employed
in fitting the blood for its office in the animal
economy, by eliminating for it a something, the
ultimate product of which is carbonic acid gas;
that if the skin fails in performing its portion of
the work, an improper share of the labour is
thrown upon the lungs, either by furnishing
then, with a fluid in an improper state for them
to act on it completely, or by calling upon them
to do more than their fair proportion in the
work of vitalizing fluid furnished to them in a
proper state; and that, admitting the skin to
perform its fair proportion of the work, yet it
the lungs are too weak to perform their fair
proportion, they may be greatly relieved by
throwing an additional proportion of labour
on the skin, which will not be materially
injured by taking for a time a larger proportion
of the labour on itself. These things being ad-
mitted, it follows as a consequence, that in
asthma, consumption, and all diseases of the
lungs, oar curative efforts should be directed to
the throwing upon the skin a portion of the work
of the lungs. This has been the theory of me-
dical treatment in diseases of the lungs time
out of mind. This is, in fact, the theory of
the cure by blood-letting, and of the cure by
counter-irritation; but unfortunately, while by
blood-letting the labour of the lungs is dimi-
nished, the vital powers are diminished also; and
by the applications of all the usual counter-irri-
tants, while one portion of the skin is excited to
increased action, another portion is so completely
disorganized as to be rendered incapable of
action alt6gether. The great desideratum
has been to discover a counter-irritant
which, while it should excite the cu-
taneous surface to increased action, should
occasion no injury whatever to the skin ; and,
according to Dr. Turnbull, we have the remedy
in the bisulphurate of carbon. We therefore
strongly urge on Dr. Turnbull the necessity of
continuing his researches as to the therapeutic
properties of the bisulphurate of carbon, more
particularly as a remedy for diseases of the
lungs. In considering the action of the skin in
relation to the internal organs, he is proceeding
in the right path. Sir Charles Bell, in his acr-
tnirable work on the "Anatomy and Physiology
of the Human Body," has well observed—
Some practitioners take the stomach, and others the
bowels, and others the liver, on which they harp con-
tinually, Let any one take the skin as his object of
care, and his practice will have equal success, his
cases and facts become soon as numerous, while his
connexion with general science will be more intimate;
and if he introduce his system by showing that
health is enjoyed when the various functions which
together form the animal economy are perfect, and
that one function cannot be in health without the
whole be also, he will, in my opinion, have better
claims to public favour than any who have yet
flourished in it by promulgating doctrines in regard
to the functions and diseases of individual parts.

TO THE EDITOR OF 7'IIE SUN.
SIR,—In your paper of Monday, there is a letter
signed " A Corn grower," and headed,. " Protection
to Farmers ! ! ! " to which I beg leave to call your at-
tention.

First, as regards his calculations :—He assumes the
average produce to• be three bushels of wheat to an
acre, and the price to be Cs. Bd. the bushel, producing
a sum of 20s. for the average produce of the acre. He
then proceeds to demand such a price in bad years as
shall always make up to him this average amount of
20s. Nothing is said about the years in which the
produce is above the average. The profit which has
been in years past, when leases were existing, as I
have heard, sufficient in one year to purchase the fee.
simple of the land, very quietly puts in his pocket,
and leaves the consumer to pay the loss.
Secondly, his reason for demanding to be thus re-
munerated is, " that (otherwise) he shall not be able
.to pay the landlord his rent," concluding, I presume,
that, as a matter of course, the frequently half-starved
consumer was coolly to submit to be taxed to the
time of 20s. a bushel, according to your correspondent,
to enable this said landlord to live in luxury, and sup-
port a wasteful, or (which is too often the case) pro-
fligate expenditure. The alternative of " lowering the
rent" is not even hinted at.

These corn-growers, it seems, are but poor reason-
ers, and place the reasoning powers of the public on a
level with their own, or they would not venture on
the publication of such letters as these.
It is strange, too, that the farmer, who gains nothing
by these high prices, should wish for them; but there
is an esprit de corps, a spirit of "caste" or class, which
has a most powerful influence pier the weak-minded.
Thus the landlord and the farmer both gain their live-
lihood from the land, ergo, both resemble each other.
Item, the landlord is rich and influential. He calls
himself an agriculturist ; the farmer, by being also an
agriculturist, is, ergo (shining with a borrowed
light), of a rich and influential;caste, atid mighty proud
of the connexion. Such is the spirit of " class," that
even his interest (which is clearly to haVe low rents
and low prices) is totally forgotten, and, except ac-
tually on rent-day, can never see that their interests
are not in all cases identical. '

A SUBSCRIBER TO YOUR IMPARTIAL AND TRULY
ENLIGHTENED JOURNAL.

DEATH OF GENERAL SIR FRE-

DEL ICK WETHERALL.

We are sorry to have to record the death of this
gallant officer, which took place at Ealing, on Sun-
day last, in his eighty-eighth year. He entered the
service in 1775, as an ensign of the 17th Foot, the
colonelcy of which he held from February, 1840,
up to his death, and 'has consequently been in the
army upwards of sixty-six years. He was with his
regiment at the siege of Boston, in America, the
same year he joined; and was present at the battles
of Brooklyn, Whiteplains, Fort Washington, Prince
Town, Brandywine, Germanstown, and Monmouth,
as well as in several affairs of posts during the
same revolutionary war. He did his duty as Captain
of Marines on board the Alfred at the battles of Fi-

iisterre and St. Vincent's, under Rodney, previous
to the relief of Gibraltar. _ lie served in the 104th

Regiment at Guernsey, and in 1783
the 11th Regiment, with which he served six years
exchanged into
at Gibraltar. Ile attended the Duke of Kent to
Quebec in 1790, and accompanied his Royal High-
nessatSy Adjutant -General to
St. Domingo,
as Aide-de-Camp to the West Indies in 1794. He
the subsequentlyForces
io
N servedovaScot
as piae,ptltand on his
way to Barbadoes with dispatches for Abercromby, he
was taken by a French frigate, and remained a close
prisoner at Guadaloupe for nine months, on a daily
allowance of three biscuits and a
quart of water.
When exchanged, he was appointed Adjutant-Ge-
neral to the Forces in Nova Scotia. In 1809 he
obtained the rank of Major-General, and was ap-
pointed to the Staff in India. On his passage
ttheerceonfrlopianny s ship lv
tl-)eCapel-Todwhaasma,gain taken prisoner, in
h
after a severe action, by
-a French squadron in the Mozambique Channel, and
carried to the Isle of France, when,
after being con-
fined two months, he was exchanged,
and sailed
for Calcutta. He served there as second in command
under Sir Samuel Auclimuty, on the expedition
against Java, which terminated in its conquest. For
his services on that occasion he had the honour to re-
ceive a medal and the thanks of both Houses of Par-
liament. His next appointment Was to the command
in Mysore and its dependencies, which he held until
June, 1815, when be returned to England. He was
promoted Lieut.- General, June 4, 1814, and General,
Jan. 10,1837.

FOlaßsnt,sfiirtonm
Arundel Castle,
on a visit to
E.-The Duke of
No\rVfo°lfik cant. sr i
ved ABBEY,o n
Friday B ED
the Duke and Duchess of Bedford. The
Duchess and the Ladies Howard
,had previously ar-
rived from Fornham hall, Suffolk. Dinners ,loneerts,
and private evening parties will be given, and their
Graces will receive a succession of visitors until the
close of the next month. The Earl and Countess of
Albemarle, Lord William Russell, Lord Foley, and
the Hon. Miss Foley, and Lord Charles Russell, have
been among the visitants; and his Royal Highness
the Duke of Sussex and the. Duchess of Inverness are
expected on their annual visit to their Graces about
the second week in the ensuing month.

THE CORN BILL.

The oppression and the misery caused by the ob-
noxious bill of 1815, and that which succeeded it in
1828, now drawing, we may hope, to a close, it may be
interesting to ovr readers to know some pi'rticulars
' of the violent opposition made to it throughout the
country, when the landlords, in their ignorance, first
proposed a tax OR the great necessary of lire. The
introduction into Parliament of a Bill to prohibit the
importation of corn, except when it had reached a
price considered by the great body of consumers ex-
orbitant, roused the indignation of the working
classes. The internal tranquillity of the country,
owing to this circumstance, had been for some time
disturbed, though not to a degree affecting the public
peace. One by one, however, the country towns, in
which the agriculturists were the severest sufferers,
grew violent on the "grain-question." These were
the heavy heat. drops which preceded the thunder-
shower. Nearer and nearer the disturbances ap-
proached the metropolis, till scenes of riot ensued,
which were put down, not by policemen or mili-
tary, but by the arrival of Bonaparte in France.
The night preceding the first riots, hundreds of peti-
tions had been laid on the table of the House denoting
the public feeling. Southwark sent 7,650 signatures ;
Salford, 19,000; Nottingham, 1,800; Manchester,
54,000; London, represented by Sir William Curtis,
with the autograph of every merchant, banker, and
trader of note in the metropolis, signed 40,000 ;
Leeds, Pontefract, and a score of other boroughs, and
numbering their thousands, in an equal manner
el *,dented the general feeling. The subsequent events
we thus describe :
About the usual hour of the meeting of Parliament
on the 6th of March, dense groups had begun to as-
semble in different parts from George-street to Abing-
don-street, all declaiming against the Corn Bill, and vio-
lently inveighing against such of the Members as had
been most active in support of it. Friendly or un-
friendly to the Bill, the Members were pointed out as
they arrived, with " that is Lord Grenville—that Lord
Stanhope—that the Chancellor of the Exchequer."
Hooting or applause followed each announcement.
Meanwhile loud shouts of "No Corn Bill" raised
without the House, could be distinctly heard within
it. For some time clamour alone was manifested :

this, however, soon gave way to acts.
Carriages now began to be stopped, and Members
were forced to walk through the hissing and hooting.
The constables were found insufficient for the preser-
vation of order. Many Members were placed in con-
siderable danger. The Attorney-General and Mr.
Croker were assailed like miscreants. Sir Robert
Heron had the skirts of his coat torn off, and was
" shored about by the mob like a shuttlecock between

two battledores."' Sir Frederick Flood was carried
above 100 yards on the shoulders of the mob, " like
mackerel from Billingsgate market, and he fancied
they meant to quarter him.". Finally, a military
force surrounded the House, by which alone the tu-
mults were suppressed.
Driven from this scene, the populace, now swelled
into thousands, repaired to other parts of the town,
and early on the ensuing morning proceeded to Lord
Eldon's in Bedford-square. The iron railings before
the door were wrenched up, and used as weapons to
force an entrance. The glass was broken, the furni-
ture destroyed; the military at the Museum were
sent for, but the mischief was complete before they
or the Guards arrived. Mr. Robinson's house was
next attacked in Burlington-street. This gentleman
had introduced the Corn Regulation Bill. The
shutters were demolished, the door split in twain, the
valuable pictures cut in pieces, and trampled in the
street. Lord Darnley's, in Berkeley-square--Mr.
Yorke's, in Bruton-street—Mr. Wellesley Pole's, in
Saville-row—were all the object of attack and da-
mage. The Earl of Pembroke's carriage was broken
to pieces on his return from the Lords. The house of
Lord Ellenborough was surrounded by the mob, and
the assault began. His Lordship presented himself
at the door, and demanded the cause of the outrage on
his dwelling. "No Corn Bill," was the reply. His
Lordship then addressed them in a few words. The
effect was happy ; and, cheering his Lordship, the
mob departed.
Such was the result of the first day's riot ; the se-
cond was more disastrous. The parade of Guards and
foot-soldiers alone restrained the mob. Shots were
fired, and one man pierced th rough the head. Port-
man-square, Harley-street, Portland-place, Wimpole-
street, and Finsbury-square, were successively the ob-
jects of attack. On the third day, the work of devas-
tation was again resumed. Lord Castlereagh's house
was attacked, but the arrival of the military saved it
from complete destruction. The doors of Mr. Pon-
sonby's house were battered with bullets. Opposite
the house of Sir Joseph Banks the people assembled,
crying out, " Bread, bread," -and demanding admis-
sion. When 'Sir Joseph was first apprised of the
quality of his visitors, he desired his servants to admit
them, but they had already forced themselves in
through the doors and windows. In a few minutes the
parlour was demolished, and boxes of valuable papers
scattered in the street. On the ninth the east and

west end had almeGt grown quiet. London was now
environed with troops on all sides.
Lord Castlereagh, of course, in the debates which
followed upon these riots, considered the promoters
and actors in them only in the light of " ignorant
and unfortunate persons." The Chancellor of the

Exchequer was still more caustic. "As to the
petitions," said this gentleman, " which have been
presented, no Member of the House felt more disposed
to listen to them than he did; but at the same time
he apprehended they were not to consider the
opinions of furred gowns and gold chains, as authori-
tative on a subject like the present. It would become
those Magistrates to open their Egyptian llall again,
to call together the thousands and tens of thousands
of petitioners, to tell them that they had upon their
information petitioned Parliament without any just
cause, to confess that their arithmetic was false, that

their arguments were unsound, that their conclusions
were erroneous, and that they had better re-consider
the subject well before they petitioned agein, or—not
petition at all."
But spite of the " hear, hear," with which a
crowded Commons, with its Ministerial benches, fol-
lowed up these valiant sentiments—spite of the sar-
casm launched at:the civic gownsmen, and the " ig-
norant thousands," impatient of taxation—spite of the
scorn attempted to be cast by these " sitters in high
places" upon the attempts of the people who were no
longer to be oppressed by these corn edicts, the col-
lective spirit of the nation, however it might be re-
pulsed by class-legislation, has broken forth anew, and
carried with it not only a Tory Government, but the
very men who regarded the Corn •law as their only
salvation. From all quarters we learn that the land-
lords look not to protection, but to industry and im-
provement in agriculture, and admit that the ignorant
people in 1815 were better political economists than
those who treated them as " hewers of wood and
drawers of water."

* These expressions were made use of by the Hon.
Member in the House, "1 describing matters afterwards
in debate.

Lord Stanley's agent, Mr. Bolton, an excellent man,
and an Englishman, has just received a most violent
threatening notice, and is obliged to have two police-
men to protect him. He resides at Ballykisteen
House, near the town of Tipperary. This is the way
in which the agrarian code evinces its discrimination
between a good and a bad landlord.— Dublin Mail.
THE QUARTERLY REVIEW AND THE LEAGUE.-It
is said that the stupid farrago of abuse which the
Quarterly Review has lately issued against the League,
was collected by an agent at Manchester, who was
employed for that purpose by a certain legal gentle-
man sent a few months back to that neighbourhood.
after the collection of local slander and abuse had
been made, it was licked into shape, cooked, and pre-
pared by that ex-Tory functionary, Mr. Cumberland,
some years ago described as a talking potatoe. The
great value, then, of united labour has been not inac.
curately described by the Past. 'When the article first
appeared, that journal, caught by its attractive head-
ing, published a considerable portion of it, promising
its readers that the whole of the invaluable production
should appear in its columns. The day before yes-
terday, however, it informed them that it did not
mean to carry its design into execution, be-
cause the bulk of the article consisted of extracts
from the journals, many of which had before ap-
peared in that paper. The worthy at Manchester,
therefore, and the worthy at London, have only
brought together a heap of the idle tales, which were
coined for the party journals, which were probably
cried down the moment they were uttered, and which
are so bad that the Post is now ashamed of them.
The character of the article in the Quarterly has thus
been fixed by the unwilling censure of the Post.
THE GATHERING OF THE LEAGUE. GREAT
AG•REGATE MEETINGS OF THE LEAGUE, AND BAN-
QUETS, ON MONDAY, JANUARY 30, 1843, AND FOL.
LOWING DAYS.-Th 9 above meetings of the Leagne
will commence on Monday, the 30th January, and be
continued till Friday, the 4th February, in the fol-
lowing order :—On Monday, at twelve o'clock pre-
cisely, the election of Chairmen and Committees will
take place. On Monday evening, at six o'clock, an
aggregate meeting will be held in the Pavilion, Peter-
street, when the report of the progress of the great
League Fund will be entered into.—On Tuesday, the
meeting will be specially directed to the consideration
of the Corn-laws as affecting the agricultural classes.
—On 'Wednesday, to their effects upon manufactures
and commerce.—On Wednesday evening, a great
banquet will be given in the Pavilion, Peter-street.
—On Thursday morning, the meeting will specially
consider the effect of the Corn-laws on the physical,
moral, and religious condition of the people.—On
Thursday evening, a second great banquet will take
place in Peter-street.—On Friday, the concluding
meeting will be held, when the reports of the Com-
mittees will be presented for confirmation, and reso-
lution.; as to the future course of proceeding will be
resolved upon.--Anti-Bread-tax Circular.