The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-25 00:00:00

LETTER. FROM MR. DULLER.

Dear Madam,—Lord Melbourne having heard of
your present illness, as well as the inconvenience to
which you are subjected, by the mode in which your
money is settled, has desired me, as a friend of yours,
to inquire whether you would accept a pension of
1501. per annum on the Civil List. It is out of his
power to offer you more in the present state of things,
but I hope you will not refuse him the opportunity of
giving this proof of his respect for your writings and
character, inadequate as the amount proposed may be.
If you will accept the offer, have the goodness to
write me word to that effect, and let me • have the
answer by return of post, as Lord Melbourne is
desirous of completing the arrangement before he
goes out of office.
I cannot tell you how grieved I have been by re.,
cent accounts of your sufferings, and how rejoiced I
shall be if the offer which I have the pleasure' of Com-
municating to you shall have the effect of ContribUti rig
in any degree to your comfort.—Believe me, my dear
Miss Martineau, yours, very truly,
CHA.RLESiBULLER.
Miss Martineau, .in. reply, after thanking Lord Mel-
bourne-for the great consideration and kindness shown
to her at a time when illness prevented her from exer-
cising her talents, and when suffering
from distress,
still refused most firmly to receive any pension, and
after using the same arguments as are contained in
the previous letter, she thus speaks of her feelings in-I
case she should receive it :

" On the one hand I should see public benefactors,
em
before whom I am nothing, pining in privationson from
which my pension would relieve th ; an
I should ha taunted by images of thousands of poor
tax-payers, toiling men, who cannot, with all their
toil, keep
.their children in health of body, to say no
thing of their minds. ' Mighty visions about a small
matter,' you may, perhaps think ; but small or great,
the moment I had acted upon it, this matter would be-
come no less than all-important to my peace of mind.
Indeed, I would rather, in the present circumstances
of the country, put my hand into the fire than into
the public purse.'

THE SPECIAL COMMISSIONS.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Sia,—l belong to the body of Chartists who sup-
port their principles on moral force only—and many
of us see no great harm in calling Chartism, Complete
Suffrage, for we honestly desire to get our rights, and
if we had etich a vote for a Member of Parliament,
and for our Magisyates, we would surelyget the Ballot
and other things needful.

We deplore the late outbreak, and the severe inflic-
tions of the law on thosd convicted. We believe Sir
James Graham, as the bitterest enemy of freedom
among. our rulers, could not have planned a better
scheme to keep down the freedom of the masses, than
getting the working-classes into this hobble.
But there is one point in
we cannot . understand, and .
we apply to you
of
at some
at
hntadhte
dalliasltpentshede trials
accusedwhich
n
fpbarr t i iens forhnalavteionheentriesdee
tis O'Connor, and the
weretwenty-
indicted along with him, all
future time, it is said.
eso some m,gh‘e,
tin
olovi
nt ah3e-ar
re
enx
icteeonp
btweFhteorai le•gd
We wish you to publish in The Sun, when that time
will be, for we do not know when the next Assizes will
take place. We wish further to learn, why the Spe-
cialex-
pense, to try all political, offenders, had it in their
power
Commission,toptitoff which was sent at such great
that portion which ap-
peared accused of the heaviest offence. We, although
Chartists,' did not disgrace ourselves with touching
Tory gold, or giving countenance or support to Tory
candidates at the late elections, and wish you to say,
whether all or ally of the accused.who have been allowed
'to put off their trials, gave countenance or support to
Tory candidates at the last elections'? These things
should be published to encourage those who are honest
moral force men, and no more. Has not Lord Abin-
ger sons in Parliament who, at the last and at former
elections, were notoriouslyeonspicuous for the bribery
and intimidation of voters? • If this is true, would
there be any harm in thinking that Lord Abinger had
his hand in his breeches-pocket when palavering at
Liverpool to one class of prisoners and excusing an-
other from trial. . _

------ ----- ------
A CONSTANT READER OF " THE SUN.'
[The next Assizes will be held in March and April.
dictment without
Mr. F. O'Connor is indicted for a misdemeanour, and
,asno
ta lafipdpaevairt si
in Court
that he could
seriously endangering his health, the
eoreurtp
Judge as a matter
produced certifying
dto then
of course allowed him to traverse. Why the
others
were allowed the same privilegP we cannot state, but
as they were all charged with the same species of mis-
demeanour, it was probably considered more ad-
visable, both by the Counsel for the prosecution
and the defence, that they should be all tried
at the same time. Possibly it is no great privilege
after all, for the parties in the meantime will be put
on their good behaviour, and be not a little hampered
thereby, both in speaking and writing- We cannot
answer the last question, and must refer our corre-
zpondent to those Tory candidates who were so faith-
fully served by certain Chartists.]

SEVERITY OF TrIE WEATHER.—Winter is visiting
us at a much earlier period this year than usual. On
Wednesday there was a heavy fall of snow at Ash-
ton, and the hills on the east of that town were clad in
their wintry garb. The temperature, as indicated by
a self-registering thermometer, placed with a north
aspect three feet from the ground, in the neighbour-
hood of Chorlton-cum-Hardy, has been remarkably
low for the season. On the 3d October it stood at
22i deg. ; on the 4th at 211; on the 19th at 13} ;
and on the 20th at 20.-11Ianchester Chronicle.
BREEDING STOCK FOR FRANCE.--We have heard,
from good authority, that Mr. Smith, of Deanston, is
commissioned by a son of the Duke of Dalmatia,
Marshal Soult, to send to him from Scotland a con-
siderable number of breeding stock, to consist both of
cattle and sheep. We are persuaded that the commis-
sion could not be in better han L, as Mr. Smith is
perfectly acquainted with everything connected with
stock, and so able to select the best animals of both
kinds.—Stirling Otserver.

protest.

OCTOBER 25,

184.

SLAVE TRADE-RIGHT OF

SEARCH.
(From the Journal des Debats.)
We feel it our duty to protest, even in the interest
of the French press at large, against the manner in
which certain journals have treated the letter addressed
by Lord Aberdeen to the Lords of the Admiralty.
Were we at war with England, were she a nation of
traitors, of people so perfidious as to merit extermina-
tion, and her Government a Government of pirates, it
would be no reason why, when such a nation and such
a Government performs an act of justice, this act
should be denaturalised, and made a cause for a flood
of insulting declamation. Lord Aberdeen frankly ac-
knowledges that abuses have entered into the means
employed for repressing the traffic in slaves, and points
them out to the Lords of the Admiralty, calling upon
them to suppress the irregularities, by sending out to
the British naval officers instructions in con-
formity with the rights of nations. This
letter, we repeat, bears an impress of mode-
ration and good faith which does honour to the
British Minister, and he has shown a true dignity of
mind in confessing errors, and taking the necessary
measures for remedying them. Yet this has been
seized upon by certain journals as an occasion for im-
precating death and hatred upon the English and
their Government! What is the character they wish
us to have in the opinion of mankind ? What object
have they in issuing forth these violent absurdities ?
Do they wish France to be made an outlaw among
nations ? Is there net a sound and loyal policy in
rendering justice to the good intentions of Lord
Aberdeen—in accepting his admissions of wrong, and
in encouraging the English Government in this its
first endeavour to put an end to the abuses which
have been complained of ? It is urged, however, that
the Minister's letter does not say all—that his Lordship
notices only certain abuses, and passes over others in
silence! This may be so; but, nevertheless, it is
much for a Government to have candour and courage
enough to confess a portion of its wrong doings, or
those of its subordinates, to condemn itself for those
acts in which it has been blameable, and spontane-
ously make a public acknowledgment. We cannot,
in conscience, exact from Lord Aberdeen an espousal
of all our complaints without examination ; and that,
upon the mere denunciation of our journals, he should
treat the naval officers of his own country as brutal
plunderers. It is for our Government to take advan-

age of the opening made by the declarations of Lord
Aberdeen, and, having accurately verified facts, lay
the proofs before the British Government. As long
as the treaties of 1831 and 1833 continue in force this

is all that can be properly done. Admitting that the
letter of Lord Aberdeen is only an incomplete admis-
sion—that it is but one step towards a reparation, is
it a good ground for an attempt to raise heaven and
earth against the Government of a nation which tes-

tifies the desire to repair the wrongs and errors which
some of its delegates have been guilty of ? No nation,
no Government, is infallible. All countries are liable

o be involved by their agents in serious faults, but
among those which are civilised this should
neva% bring on a furious and insensate war.
The injured party does not immediately utter
outrageous cries 'of vengeance, but first pro-
ceeds to demand justice through the channel
of diplomacy. If any nation believed that it had
good grounds of complaint against us, would we listen
to demands for reparation accompanied with insults
and threats ? Would we be the more ready to do
justice if branded with the terms of thieves and plun-
derers, and daily told by the nation claiming satisfac-
tion that it hated us, and called down upon us all the
vengeance of God and man ? Yet this is the high
patriotism which, with so much shameful rancour,
some of our journals are displaying at the present
day. They do not talk like politicians, but disgorge
words of rage and animosity, believing, no doubt, that
they are rendering an eminent service to France, by
endeavouring to make her a participator in their own
blind passions. We have said, and we say again after
calm reflection, that were France at war with Eng-
land it would still become them, both as two great
civilised nations, to do justice to and respect each other.
We have a further motive far protesting against the
deplorable exaggerations of a certain portion of the
press. It is evident that these exaggerations, although
they might not have the intent of driving the two
nations into a war with each other (and then they
would be criminal), must essentially injure the
cause they pretend to serve. A moderate and calm
dignity adds weight to all remonstrances, whereas
rage and violent language render them suspicious,
and throw discredit upon them. Every country has
a right, and, indeed, is bound to defend its own
honour. To insult is not to negotiate. What a na-
tion would readily grant on a just and proper appli-
cation, it will refuse to insulting threats, for then its
pride is roused. What is the wish of these writers,
who every morning brandish their swords in the face
of England ? There are existing treaties—we do not
allude to that of 1841—for not being ratified, and it
never will be, it is, as regards France, as if it had
never been signed. This is a point upon which no
person can raise a doubt. But there are treaties,tbat.
we have ratifies, and induced other parties to accede
to, which we have acted upon for 11 years without a
murmur against them till the last ten months. This
is an incontestable fact. There have been abuses—
the treaties themselves indicated that there might be
such. But now it is wished to turn back upon these
treaties, and have them modified, at least, if they
cannot be entirely rescinded. It is wished that the
treaty lately concluded between Great Britain and
America should become the model of a new treaty be-
tween England and France. We can require nothing
better. We will not even enlarge upon the fact that
the position of the United States was different from
ours, and that they had not to recur to former and
still-existing treaties signed by them. It can only be
through the medium of negotiation, and not by rudely
and abruptly breaking a faith solemnly pledged, that
the question of modifying the treaties of 1831 and
1833 can be decided. iN o w all men of sense must
and do feel that during such torrents of insults and
threats, such an exhibition of inveterate hatred, no
rational or pacific conclusion can ever be come to.
We are fully convinced, and therefore we declare,
that this system of the journals of which we have
spoken, is directly opposed to the object they wish to
attain, supposing that object not to be the substitution
of passionate rage for temperate reason. We are tho- -
roughly convinced, moreover, that it can only be cruelly
injurious to the interests and dignity of France not
only in the special question about the right of search,
but in her general relations with all countries. We
are further convinced that it tends to make us pass
for a people obeying no rule but its own passions,
acting only on blind instinct—to-day enthusiastic for
one cause, and to-morrow abandoning it for another—
always wishing to have recourse to violence—allowing
nothing to justice and reason ; and it is fffainst these

false ideas )which their declamations would in the end

impress upon France, that i-ve feel it to be our duty to

(From the Paris Siecle.)
The. Marquis of Normanby, then Colonial Secre-
tary, was informed in 1839, that a Spanish slave
trader, Los dos Amigos, had been admitted to free
trade at Cape Coast, an English establishment on the
Golden Coast. The last Whig Ministry sent, after
this information, Dr. Richard Madden to the western

coast of Africa, to examine if English commerce, in
the English, Spanish, or Portuguese establishments,
participated in the slave trade. The result of the
mission was, that the slave trade was kept up by Eng-
lish commerce and English money. Dr. Madden
found that the slavers took in provisions at the Eng-
lish establishments, and that the English gave to the

slave factories clotl;es and ammunition necessary for
this infamous trade. He found besides, that slavery
existed in several of the possessions of England on the
Golden Coast. Dr. Madden made a report in conse-
quence. Amongst other things he recommended a suit
in law against one of the great London houses, Messrs.
Forster and Smith, as having assisted the slave trade, and.
having employed one of its vessels, the Robert Meddle,
in furnishing special merchandise for the trade to a
man of the name of Louza, a known slave trader,
established at Whydah. The Whig Ministry highly
approved of this, and seemed disposed to enter into a
suit against the house of Forster and Smith. Things
were at this point when the Tory Ministry was
formed. Lord Stanley, having been made Colonial
Secretary, took into consideration the Report of Dr.
Madden, and then named a Committee of inquest
upon the state of the English possessions on the
western coast of Africa. This Commission was evi-
dently formed to destroy the effect of the Report of
Dr. Madden. It was composed, with few exceptions,
of the political friends of the Ministry, and amongst
them was the very man, Mr. Forster, against whom
Dr. Madden had spoken. The Report of this Com-
mittee, and its depositions, have been printed; Mr.
Forster has been the principal interrogator of
Dr. Madden upon the criminal act of which he
accuses the house of Forster and Smith. It is
useless to say that the Report of the Parliamentary
Committee is a complete apology of the English
merchants. Dr. Madden persists in his report of the
relations of this house with the trade : the Committee
have aosoived them, ad Lord Stanley has alrexiy ro
yoked the orders given by the last Ministry, which
were that the cruisers should seize all English vessels
trafficking with the slavers or their purveyors. The
Colonial-office, instead of opposing the cupidity of the
speculators, takes upon itself to protect a trade de-
' clared illegal, only because their toleration procures
gain to the manufacturers and shipowners of Great
Britain. Lord Stanley has become a traitor to the
cause which he formerly supported, in order to avoid
embarrassments caused by the discontent of the mer-
chants. It is but to too true ; the Cabinet of St.
James has abandoned the cause of the negroes ; the
friends of humanity ought to be afflicted by this
change of feeling towards them ; for England thus
deprives herself of all moral force for com-
pleting the destruction of slavery, which it had so
energetically begun. What authority can England pre-
serve when it brings the negroes by force into their co-

lonies, and there condemns them to an engagement
of a year, at least ? What authority could it have
to prevent others from following the trade ? Violence
alone could practise a charity of this kind. The
question is, will France allow England to exercise
such violence ? It is to be hoped that the press will
league against this weakness; the honour of the
country and humanity command it to act. France
and Great Britain are bound b' formal conventions
for the abolition of the trade; therefore, it is an in-
jury to France to wish to revive this infamous traffic
under any name whatever. Besides, France, by op-
posing it, will but obey the old and generous tra-
ditions which have always made it the protector of
the weak. M. Guizot's Ministry may shake off its
fear of England ; it would the more easily obtain
redress from the Cabinet of St. James because it is
in opposition to public opinion. Let us take care not
to confound the English nation, which desires the
abolitioh of slavery, with its Government, which
wishes, at any price, to give men to its transatlantic
colonies."

THE FAIRS AND THE TARIFF.

The tariff of Sir Robert Peel is beginning to get
into extensive operation, and it is at once curious and,
important to notice its results with reference to the
recent fairs throughout the country. At Hay fair
there was an abundance of cattle, and they were sold
at from 2.5 to 30 per cent. lower than similar stock
were at the same period of last year. At Leicester
cattle fair, the prices of sheep and beasts fell- greatly,
and the graziers and farmers blamed Sir Robert Peel
in no very measured terms. One said " Sir Robert
was the devil himself," whilst another replied, " No,
but the devil will have him." The very abundant
fruit, and, above all, apple season, which we have had
this year, has so much brought down the price of
cyder, that at St. Matthew's fair, at Holsworthy, that
beverage was sold at the pound's mouth at seven-
pence per gallon, by the hogshead. It is greatly to
be deplored that this wholesome and palatable drink
is not more generally adopted by the whole com-
munity. It is cheap, healthy, and favourable to la-
bour and exerese. It i 3 also a national drink, and
only inebriating when indulged in to great excess.
It is also to be regretted that the Excise duties
on cyder and on British wines are not wholly re-
moved. That removal would give a taste for nationalbe-
verages of a light and pleasant character, alike cheap
and desirable. At Tottington fair, it would seem that
the cattle maintained their prices, and that the sellers
were better satisfied than the public. The Canterbury
Journal, which supports Conservative, or rather,
Tory principles, finds fault with the working of the
tariff. It says that the country shopkeepers will not
give the public the benefit of anything like the re-
duction which has been made in the duties by a cor-
responding abatement in the prices of the articles of
the most ordinary consumption. This we readily be-
lieve. Egotism will produce the same results with
reference to country shopkeepers as with every one
else. For instance, in the price of coffee, the duties
were reduced from ls. 3d., is. 9d., and 6d. per pound,
to Bd. and 4th., and yet the reduction to the consumer
who buys that article retail of his grocer is not more
than 3d. per lb. But whose fault is this ? That alone
of the public. If those shopkeepers were encou-
raged who give to the public the benefit of the
reduction, and if those who refused so to do were de-
serted, there would soon be an end of all such
legal frauds. In fact, the public have it in
their own power to bring this matter to a
prompt and satisfactory adjustment. But to
resume the subject of the tariff and the fairs. At Hull
fair, the tariff did not pull prices down as it has done
in Scotland and Ireland. At Calder fair, animals of
all sorts were difficult of sale, even at low prices—
and, alas! servants' wages were much diminished.
This is a serious evil, and one to which we purpose
calling specially, on some early occasion, the attention
of the public. It has often grieved us to think what
very low wages are earned by our female domestics.
But, according to the Caledonian Mercury, at Calder
fair good female servants could' only procure from 2/.
to 2/. 10s. per annum ! When compared with the
wages paid in Europe generally to persons in the same
condition of life, these prices are not more than one-
fourth, and are wholly inadequate for the purposes of
cleanliness and health. At Redruth fair, the Falmouth
Packet observes, the prices were fully 10s. per cwt.
less than at the same fair last year. At k'resteign
fair, the rates were depressed. At Ross,the cattle were
numerous, and the prices greatly reduced. The Bolton
Free Press observes, that as compared with the prices
obtained in October last year, the reduction on cattle
would vary from 3/. to 01. per head. The Cambrian,
in speaking of the St. Clear's Michaelmas fair, says
that the prices were much lower than those of last
year, owing, it is supposed, to the tariff. The Western
Times, when speaking of the great fair at Axminster,
remarks, " On the whole, the fair was very dull, and
many sales of stock. were effected at an actual pecu-
niary loss to the sellers. The tariff, and other Tory
blessings, were subjects of general grumbling, and the
Goverpment, as the author, got roughly handled. The
Carkrs. von herald has an article headed " The Tories
Tariff;" which says that—
" A. gentleman farmer, not two miles fromAberyst-
with, purchased at Lledrod fair, in October, 1841,nine
head of cattle, and kept them well with turnips, hay,
&c., during the winter, and on excellent grass through
the summer ; and at the last Method fair, held on the
7th inst., sold the nine, and had only realised to his
pocket fbr their excellent keep the sum of 1 ls."
No great profit, certainly; but still we applaud the
principle of the tariff. We know the farmers and
graziers complain. But when were they in the habit
of pursuing a different course ? The weather, the
taxes, rents, the markets, foreign stock, non-protec-
tion, &c., &c., are always the pegs on which these
gentlemen hang up their complaints and their sorrows;
they have now one more, and that is the tariff—and
yet, in spite of all that, we approve highly of
.its prm-
ciple.—Atlas.

MR. LISTON AND THE SURGEONS
OF LONDON.

(Abridged from the Provincial Medical Journal.)
A very interesting case of tumour in the neck oc-
curred in the month of October, 1841, under the care
of Mr. Liston, in the management of which some
peculiar and untoward circumstances arose, which
gave.rise to much discussion and misrepresentations
among the members of the medical profession. It
appeared that the patient, a boy of nine years of age,
was a puny, sickly child, who, after having laboured
under a violent cough and fever, had a tumour form
on the right side of the neck, hich increased to a
very considerable size, so as, when the boy was ad-
mitted into the hospital, to occupy the whole of the
right side of the neck and project inwardly into the
mouth to such a degree as to render difficult the pro-
cesses of breathing and swallowing. This tumour
presented a sensation as if it contained fluid, and also
had slight pulses occurring at the same time with
those at the wrist. It was situated over the carotid
artery. Being looked upon as a chronic abcess, Mr.
Liston made a small puncture into it, which was fol-
lowed by a-gush of florid red blood, to the extent of
boy died
a af ligaturee w days
four ounces in a few seconds. The opening was im-
amreoduinadtetlhyecartlo
eser4y.,buTht the
The
next
day
wasplaced
afterwards,
exhausted by repeated hemor h r age. On examination of
the parts after death, Mr.
Liston came to the conclusion
that the disease was originally a chronic abscess of a
scrofulous character, and that the o • • t the
artery, o
artery, whence the loss of blood took place, was con-
sequent upon the vessel ulcerating
details of this case, published in the medical journals,
gave rise to much discussion and reprehension among
the members of the profession, some defending the
view of the case taken by Mr. Liston, and the treat-
ment adopted : others, forming a large and influential
body, condemning both altogether. Under these cir-
cumstances, Mr. Liston adopted the only course left
open to him. lie drew up a paper on the subject,
detailing the case, treatment, and appearances after
death, and submitted it for the opinion and adjudi-
cation of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society,
the highest medical authority in the kingdom. It
was read at a meeting of the Society held in Marchlast
on which occasion the president, Dr. Williams, took
the chair. The views there expressed by Mr. Liston
were warmly adopted by Dr. James Johnson and
other surgical luminaries, but it appears that, although
the paper was really a very excellent one, and would
have made a very creditable appearance in the "Me-
dical and Chirurgical Transactions," the publishing
Committee decided on refusing it a place. Mr.
Liston, if we are rightly informed, then submitted his
paper to a meeting of the Ganeral Council, who,
strange to say, likewise rejected the unfortunate
memoir.
A man of ordinary genius would have pocketed
the insult and the paper, and forgotten both; but
Mr. Liston was born too far north to be done by
a Cockney Council. The volume of Tranactions was
distributed last week to the members of the Medical
and Chirurgical Society, and with each volume was
sent Mr. Liston's memoir, printed in the same type,
of the same form, &c, and looking exactly like a
paper, which, by some mistake, the binder had for-
gotten to bind up with the volume. In fact, most
the members of the Society who received the volumeof
of Transactions, and its rider, viewed, and
still view, the circumstance in this rt, h probably
The plan
was a clever one and succeeded.

DERNE PARK, NORTHAMPTONSIME.--The Earl of
Cardigan has been entertaining a party with the
sports of the field, including his Serene Highness the
Hereditary Prince of Mecklenburg Strelitz, the illus-
trious fiance of the Princess Augusta of Cambridge,
who visited the Noble and Gallant Lord en route to
town, from Leeds. His Lordship's regiment, the
11th Hussars, is to be stationed at York during
winter, under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel
Rotton, during the absence of the Noble Earl, w,no,
intends to hunt the Lancashirecountry, and has added
everal valuable hunters, from Lord
Gardiner's studs.

THE PALM OIL TRADE.
This trade, which is now beginning to be of some
importance, is chiefly carried on in the river Bonny,
and especially at Accra, where at the Danish settle- 2s-S•::,:14.-,
ment about five or six ship-loads of it were exported
in the course of last year.
The whole trade of the Bonny is in fife hands -of „tav
the Liverpool merchants. Of the merchant ships from
this town there are seldom less than fifteen or twenty
at anchor in the river. The time that they remain in
the Bonny is generally between three and four
months ; they anchor inside the mouth of this river,
and generally suffer a great deal from sickness.
The trade is carried on aboard the ships, between the
masters, supercargoes, and King Peppel and his
subjects.
Few of the products of Africa are due to the cul-
tivation of the soil ; the trees and plants that yield
them do so without care or cultivation. The trees grow
wild, and the nuts are collected here and there, where
a chief has no other employment for his slaves, but
nothing like a settled system of industry is connected
with this trade. Its chief feature, as regards the natives,
is that it gives the natives there those manufactures
which formerly they could only obtain by the sale of
men. It is on the waterside that the profitableness
of it is chiefly felt. The people of Bonny do
not suffer the inland natives to bring clown the oil to
the coast. They keep a great number of armed boats,
many of them with a carronade or brass swivel
mounted on the bow. These boats they send up the
river for the oil as far as Eboe, and purchase it from
the country people. The price they pay for it is
extremely small ; in fact, scarcely sufficient to remu-
nerate the sellers for the trouble and expense of ga-
thering the nuts, and extracting the oil from them.
The price of palm oil, duty paid, varies from 334 t.
to 34/. a tun. The average import of oil into Liver-
pool for some years past has been about 12,000 tons
a years, and the value consequently about 400,000/.
sterling. Three-fourths of this quantity are exported
from the I.3nny and the other oulets of the Niger,
and gives employment to 12,000 or 15,000 tons of
shipping. There were 36 vessels employed in it, and
the crews of these vessels amounted to 736 men.

The imports into_Great Britain in the year 1808
did not exceed 200 tons a year. In 1816 the official
value of all the palm-oil imported from the coast of
Africa did not exceed 23,8311. sterling. In 1827 about
4,700 tons were imported, yielding about 100,8001.
In 1828 about 126;5724 sterling; and in 1834, the
official value of the palm oil, imported from the
coast of Africa, amounted to 458,8101. sterling, being
the sum realised on 13,945 tons, which the returns for
that year show the trade to have amounted to.

Th-c quantity of shipping employed-in this trade
since 1820 has largely increased. In 1840 in the
Bonny alone, it amounted to 13,170 tons. The above
data alone are sufficient to show the extraordinary
growth of this trade.

The Bonny traders generally bring down the oil
from the interior, a distance of 150 miles, which is
there sold to them in small quantities. From them
it is purchased by the English trader, and paid for in
gunpowder, guns, cutlasses, lead and iron bars, and
boilers ; tobacco, rum, and Manchester goods.
From the British settlements on the Gold Coast,
the amount of the palm oil exported is still extremely
small. From the Gambia, in 1839, the whole quan-
tity exported was 15,093 gallons, the value of which
was 2;396/. sterling; and from Sierra Leone, in the
same year, it amounted to 7,9931., only about one-half
of which was the value of the quantity sent to Great
Britain. In 1838, of the whole amount of palm oil
exported from Africa, the value of the quantity ex-
ported from the Gold Coast amounted to only 7,350/.
sterlins ; and, in 1839, it fell off to 7,0001. sterling ;
while in the Bonny, and the Bights of Benin and Biafra,
it increased that year upwards of 50,0001. sterling.
An increased demand for slaves in 1837 took the
natives away from theirformer occupation of the oil trade
and the quantity of it in that year was consequently di-
minished in a very considerable manner. But as the
slave trade in the Bight of Biafra again diminished, the
trade in palm oil increased in proportion. In 1835
the imports of palm oil into Great Britain amounted
to 260,151 cwts. ; in 1836, to 277,017 cwts. ; in
1837, to 223,337 cwts.; in 1838, to 282,312 cwts.
The duty on it yielded, in 1835, 15,230/. ; in 1836,
14,6781.; in 1837, 13,2991.; and in ]B3B, 17,1021.
It is a very singular circumstance, observes the
Report (Select Committee on the West coast of Africa,
from which the above remarks are collected), no less
than one deserving of serious consideration, that nearly
the whole of this trade has sprung up within
the last thirty years, in a place were we have
no Government agents, forts, or settlement, and
also, that without any protection or a single
British merchant or mercantile agent residing at-the
place where this great trade is carried on, namely,
the river Bonny, that trade has originated, grown up,
and steadily, augmented up to the year 1834, when it
reached the amount of 269,907 cwts. exported from
Africa, and chiefly from this river and its vicinity.

THE WESLEYANS AND THE
EARL OF RIPON.
(From the Stamford Mercury of Thursday.)
The Earl of Ripon,, since the three great errors of
his life (as he now seems to think them), in aiding
Catholic Emancipation, the repeal of the Corporation
and Test Acts, and the lleferin Bill,—has repented
him of his ways, and shows a determination to atone
for the past, by the endeavour to re-rivet the chains he
helped to knock off. The Earl married an estate at
Dunston and Nocton, near Lincoln. A few days ago
an old tenant of 30 years' standing received notice to
quit, and he was informed by the steward, who served
the notice, and subsequently by the Earl himself, that
the only reason for the discharge was, that he
went to the Methodist Chapel, and was a Methodist
preacher. Her Majesty Queen Victoria respects
the conscience of a servant ; but her Majesty's ser-
vant will not permit a tenant to possess any such
thing! The butcher, who is a Methodist, is also
under ban ; all have notice not to purchase of him ;
and a more ductile personage is started to supply
meat, after haying been informed, when building his
shop, that he was not to employ a certain builder be-
cause the man was a Methodist. Even the wife of the
latter was sent for by a certain " Noble Lady," who,
after severely reprimanding her, said, " sow, you
hear what I say, and I mean what I say." The best
customers of the man, in consequence, refuse any
longer to employ him. The wife of the waggoner at
the Hall was threatened for visiting that terrible place,
the Wesleyan chapel ; and upon the threat of losing
all they had, a promise of recantation was extracted
from her. It seems as if there was a determination to
thoroughly exterminate Methodism from the parish, by
attacking it at all points. When the Wesleyans were
about to hold a school-feast in the shop of a Mr. Bavin,
the Curate, about an hour before tea-time, called upon
him, and threatened, if he did permit it, that it
would be worse for him! and the poor fellow was
frightened into obedience. The steward has been
compelled to discharge a teetotaller in his employ,
and " my Lady" would not see the steward's wife for
a fortnight, until she was purified of the smell of the
Wesleyan chapel which he had attended. But the
best part of the plan remains untold : there is a
clothing club for the poor, of which the clergyman=
is secretary and treasurer. Rule 5 enacts, " T.hdatmda
defaulter in three successive times shall behcaolnl,fit,refe-it
no longer a member of the club, and
members • and Rule 11 says, remaining
Magistrate of drunk-
enness,all previous subscriptions for the
~ben,,es
Afitnyo
mf
etinhe.
her being convicted before a
the realm, or being guilty of
or against the laws of
order and discipline of
theft, or any other offence against morals,
any open offence against the
expelled the Club,
the Church qf England, shall
After all this, will the Wrsie.yualrild,
courting the party
at as
thbeYnellxutlle)asr:-'
laila)(tin e al rysueblsecartiipoitii,7se
again
fofrfe)eiteds,
deny them the right of worshipping God in their
N; ho would trample them 'lto° the. dust,. and would-
own way ?
FWTe insert this, but can scarcely believe it.
Whatever the lady might do—and the softer sex are
• t—We must doubt whether a Cabinet Minister
pries
againstsupport
eprasr, tyan.
moulded into strange shapes byat.thit is atet
would treat in so unbecoming a manner
a sect which
time, to be remembered, that the Church is, at pre-
sent,e
unna-
tural, nor perhaps unjust, that it should bite first its
nearest ally.—En. Sun.]
isa greatrabidhands
the of the

GOVERNMENT FAVOUIi
J. C. Priiglc
J. P. Westhead leaving T 0 LITERARY MEN.—IVIr
wardie,dr,inacefee taken a warm interest in fa-
vour.ll
Muses,"
s eos
,f, , Aflorr.
Along with the volumes Mr.
,waudtahypsr of z' ,c): taioucorspywiotfh
ttil,liee
third edition of
letterP to
Sir Robert, 1
explaining the circumstances of the poet,
Westhead to
S ir
sent R ° bae t
and suggesting that it would be an act of genuine
kindness to place him in some situation where he might
enjoy a moderate salary, and have sufficient time to
allow of his cultivating his favourite pursuit. The
following is the reply of the Premier to the applica-
tion :—" Whitehall, Oct. 15.—Sir—I beg leave to
acknowledge the receipt of your letter, and of the vo-
lume which accompanied it. It does not occur to me
that I have the means of procuring for Mr. Prince any
situation of the des errolpintioanf4onfdthmatitochv‘p am a
ich you ulirbeefretry
I transmit to you, f
to apply to such a purpose, the sum of 501., and re-
quest you to apply it in such a manner .as may be
most for the interest of Mr. Prince.--I am, sir,Tour
—J most obedient servant, ROBERT PEEL.. P. 'West-
head, Esq., Manchester.”—Manchester Courier.
AI CoURTEOUS POACHER.--We recorded in our
last the daring escape of a poacher from custody,
while on the coach which was conveying him to
Abingdon gaol for two months' seclusion, and that he
subsequently returned the handcuffs which manacled
him to Reading gaol in a parcel. We have since
ascertained that this most courteous and considerate
of depredators had the grace to pay the caffinge of
the parcel, by rail ? It was directed to Mr. Hewitt.,
1 one of the officers of the gaol.—Berkshire Chronicle.