The Sun.
London, England, 1829-10-13 00:00:00

Lieuteailt d.ndG'eneral Governor of Ireland.

Mit), it please your Grace—We, the Ministers and
Elders of the Presbyterian Synod of Ireland, distinguished
by the name of Seceders-, eMbrace the earliest opportunity
afforded us by Or annital meeting, to express our dutiful
and to,r,ki attachment to our most gracious Sovereign, and
hearty congratulations to your Grace, upon your appoint-
ment to the dignified office of Chief Uo'.'ernor• of Ireland•
" For our protectit, th the enjoyment of that religious
freedom Which. N the bit th-right of all who live under the
Dritish • tionstitution, we feel ourselves indebted, under
God, to the mild and judicious administration of the illus-
trious dynasty of the House of HanbVer.
" The paternal of and solicitude of our revered
King fet• the best interests of this country cannot to our
minds be more strikingly displayed than by the appoint-
ment of a Nobleman of your high rank, talents, and mu-
nificence, and whose family have occupied for ages such a
distinguished place in the history of the empire, to the
Vice-regency of Ireland at this critical period.
" Your Grace's high character gives us evert• reason to
confide, that, under your Grace's administration, outrage
and insubordination shall be supprsased, and that peace,
good order, civilization, and religious truth, as under a
strong and ample canopy, shall prevail and prosper.
"In conclusion, we beg to assure your Grace that we
feel it to he our privilege, no less than our duty, to incul-
cate upon the people committed, in Divine Providence,
to our care, to fear God, honour the King, and follow
peace with all men.'

The common occurrences of society, as they
happen from day to day, produce fresh illustra-
tions of the political state of Ireland. The old
principle of the Government was to work, by
means of a privileged class, the personal dcgra- HIS EXCELLENCY'S REPLY.
dation of a whole people, and its consequent "To the Ministers and Elders of the Presbyterian Synod
incapacity of resistance. It is not wonderful, of Ireland, distinguished by the name *.f Seceders.
" Gentlemen,—l thank you for the kind and satisfactory
therefore, that as habits are more intractable terms in which you have been pleased to address me.
than laws, the faction which had been accus- "It is the peculiar glory of his Majesty's reign that he
tomed to enjoy exclusive privilege, and to exer- has not only maintained, but enlarged, the civil and religi-
ous "
liberties of his subjects.
cise unbridled power, have been more tardy in We have now an equal inheritance of freedom. Let
lowering themselves from the condition of rulers us then live together like brethren, and whatever be our
to that of citizens than the Parliament of last spiritual opinions, let us cease to inculcate them by carnal
session was in raising a community of slaves to sense warfare.
and Ltheet
Gu sodspisecio
allunethnousietces,eci
tna
rtte
nnatm'oeleonfeecso which
one of subjects. The Executive Government, must lower our national character in the estimation of
which once was backed by a faction, while the the civilized world, and bring the holy name of religion
itself into disrepute.
nation itself was supposed to constitute the Gentlemen,—You will not disappoint me in the co-
danger against which both were justified in esta- operation which I expect from you, in the maintenance of
harmony and good will between Irishman and Christians
Wishing the natural defences of tyranny, distrust,
of every denomination."
and coercion,—that Government, now placed The deputation was received by his Excellency with
in the new and embarrassing predicament of every mask of attention, and after the presentation of the
being ._bearded by the faction, appears to forget address, the Moderator and the other Members of the de-
putation were invited to a splendid collation at the Castle.
that it has the people for its allies. We do not We do, however, trust that the spirit which
mean the t oovernmen of the Duke of North-
,' animated the Legislature in passing the vital
urnberland only, but that of Lord Wellesley measure of emancipation will be visible in those
also. One course was open to the execu- auxiliary and administrative measures through
tive power, which would have been of infal- which only its blessings can be brought home to
lible success,—namely, to keep pace with its the bulk of the Irish people.—lbid.
own principles, and to make its choice, and It is too easily taken for granted in this coun-
act upon it, as the Orange faction and the try, that our agricultural population must neces-
Irish people had respectively made theirs.— sarily continue boorish and ignorant. 'We ad-
Lord Wellesley tried it when his personal dig- mit that towns are the cradles of civilization—
nity was outraged, but the treachery in his camp that facilities of all kinds for the acquisition of
defeated him in one instance, and discouraged knowledge and information are possessed by their
inhabitants, while the countryman desirous of
him ever after. The Ministers of Justice failed instruction is less favourably circumstanced-s—and
Lord Wellesley—and who were they ? The that curiosity is excited in great towns more par-
Aldermen and Sheriffs of Dublin, who packed 1 1 ticu ar yby what is every day seen or heard.
the jurors, and made perjury the watch-word of But much may still be done for our rustic popu-
their triumph over the King's Vicegerent. Had lation ; and, indeed, with the improved commu-
Lord Wellesley's courage been raised to " the nication of our times, were a taste for improve-
sticking
place" he " would not have failed" in ment once communicated, ample means would
any case but the first. Had a certain Alderman be within their reach fors attaining more nearly
(and placeman) been then kicked out of office, to a level with our Town population than may
at first be supposed. If the facilities for in-
the example would have told with ten times the
struction in towns are greater, the temptations to
force that did a paltry dismissal of a few wretched mis-spend time are also more numerous ; and, as
officers of the household, who witnessed, per- has been evinced in the case of many of your
haps with repugnance, the indecencies of the self-taught men, the passion for instruction,
Beef-steak Club. The Corporation from that when once excited, is often only strengthened by
day felt that they had the power to burn and the obstacles which it encounters. Let us do
sting, if not seriously to injure, and, according our duty to the rustic population—let us place
to circumstances, they have indulged their the means of obtaining instruction within their
noxious ropensities from that da to the pre-
reach, and let us fan the flames of their incipient
sent. The Duke of Northumberland has been bpy
desire of knowledge by circulating among them
publications calculated to amuse and instruct at
too far above the region of these creatures the same time ; and then, if we observe that no
to suffer from them in any sensible degree ; but advantage has been derived from these efforts of
we think that his Grace, by holding up his ours, it will be time enough to pronounce the
finger, might restrain them from disturbing so- sentence of condemnation. Mr. Loudon, having
ciety. It seems that a person of the name of observed that in many parts of Germany the
•Hoyte, the other day, at one of their corporation commonest pubhouses have piano-fortes, be-
dinners (he being sheriff), gave a number of cause there all are musicians and dancers, re.
commends as an object worthy of those who have
toasts, and among them that of the " Glorious
Memory," which was drank with eager yells and influence that every place of entertainment, from
the smallest hedge ale-house upwards, should
vociferations, while the health of " the Kings have a large garden, a library more or less expen-
:Ministers" was received with hisses. Now we have sive, a book of country maps, a road-book, &c.
two questions to ask. Why was Hoyte ever We have been led into these observations by
permitted to be sheriff, seeing that his Ma- perceiving that the Society for the Diffusion of
jesty's Government has, by law, a veto on the Useful Knowledge have begun to make provi-
nomination of that officer ? It is no trifle to sion for that hitherto much neglected portion of
have an Orange Sheriff in Dublin—the matter our population—the inhabitants of the country.
does not end with brutal yellings and seditious They have ptiblished the first number of what
they call the Farmer's Series ; and in order to
toasts. It' affects the highest interests of the
enable our readers to understand. the nature of
State, the administration of justice, and the
the object in view, we shall here lay before them
safety of realm. The Orange Sheriff em- the Introduction, in which that object is fully
pannels Orange juries ; and we know, and Lord explained :
Plunkett knows—for, eminent as he is among " The Farmer's Series will consist of Treaties
the first abilities of his age, he felt what it was to upon subjects most interesting to persons employed
have the fountains of justice poisoned by these in the various branches of agriculture, and to those
generally who reside in the country. It naturally
reptiles,—he knows the full value of Orange-
begins with considering the Animals which consti-
men's oaths when they have to try a question part of
tote the most valuable
farmer's
property
which, by its result, might involve the immuni- —their origin, their different breeds, their structure
ties of their faction. We must ascribe it to the —the most economical, and profitable, and humane'
numberless collateral difficulties which clung method of treating them—and the art of rendering
their services more extensive and permanent, and
round the main principle of emancipation, that their health and comfort more secure. It is hoped
his Majesty's Ministers did not at once provide that these volumes will contribute to the amuse-
.some shield against the corrupt influence of she- ment, the improvement, and the profit of the farmer
riffs over juries, and the consequent ruin to the and the cottager ; and better the condition both of
himself and of the animals entrusted to his care.
peace of the kingdom which must flow from the
They may afford him a pleasant companion at his
frequent defeats of public justice, occasioned by winter's fireside—a useful counsellor when employed
the packing of the jury-box. It is obvious that in the labours of his station—and a help to raise his
such men as Hoyte or Darley, in their perver- mind to a serious but delightful contemplation of
sion of their several duties, might so frustrate the the objects which Providence has spread around
us for our admiration and our use.
ends of justice as to produce, or rather perpetu- " Under this first great division will be considered
ate, a general exasperation of all classes but the those animals, which aid the power of man—the
'mere Orangemen against the law and every au- horse, or ass, mule, dog ; those which supply food
thority, high and low, connected with it. There and clothing—horned cattle, sheep, swine, goats,
poultry, rabbits, bees; those which are hurtful—the
is no spirit more prevalent than this in Ireland fox, weazel, rat, mole, insects. In treating the sub-
-there is none which it more imports the peace jest of domestic animals, their history, various
_of the country and the civilization of the people kinds, structure and habits, feeding and treatment
to root out. Our second question is—Why when young, management when worked, and dis-
Colonel Blacker should be left a single day in eases, will be successive lyconsidered.
" The ' General Principles of Agriculture will
office ? Every one who knows the Duke of form
the other great division of this series; and
-Northumberland's character is aware that a more under this head will be treated whatever relates to
resolute Nobleman does not exist. He cannot the nature of soils and manures—the rotation of
then spare from any unworthy motives the !I-As- crops—farm-buildings and machinery—sheep-farm-
. creanta who would torment his Government, who ing and dairy-farming, so far as these may Rot have
give vent to their mortification by desperate out- been considered under the head of sheep and cattle
rages on that decorum which his Grace ought to , —potatoe and spade husbandry—wood and timber.
feel it his especial prerogative to enforce, and on I " There is a class of subjects which, though not 1
that admirable example of liberal and concilia- exclusively interesting to conntry people, belong
tort' kindness which, whenever the occasion was i more to them than to others—brewing, baking,
1 hing and bleaching, land-measuring,road-making,
presented to him, the Lout. Lieutenant has dis- 'These
anguished himself, and done honour to his sea- ' •
bridge-building,was, quarrying, lime-burning, &c.
tion, by affording. We copy with satisfaction, ' the%.vnillbe discussed in treatises occasionally introduced
progress of this series.
as au instance of this fine view which the Duke '"
ofthose animals which have been
1 At the head

" JOHN COULTER, Moderator."

domesticated by, or rendered useful to,tnan—whe-

Cher we regard his noble form, his great sagacity, or
the manner in which he is connected with our

„..
profit and our pleasure—stands the horse.”
The first iiiinibtri subject is the
Horse, is very well adapted for Obtaining the at.;
tention of those to *Win it is addressed. A

great deal of ciirioiig information fespecting the
6 venetal history tit the horse, the Varidiis forw Ai;
breeds, the history of the English horse, and the
different breeds, is given in this tract ; and the
descriptions are illustrated by wood engravings,
very well •ekectited. The information, though
adapted to the capacity of the cottaget, will be
new to many a gentleman farmer ; for the slib.
ject of breeds of animals opens up a boundless
field of inquiry, and few practical breeders have
attained yet to any certain principles for their
guidance. One observation in this Treatise is
deserving of notice from the important lesson
which may be derived from it in the case of
another race of animals. It seems the genealogy
of the Kochlani Arabian horses, according to
the Arab account, is known for 2,000 years.
" Many of them are written and attested pedigrees
extending more than 400 years, and with true
eastern exaggeration traced by oral tradition
from the stud of Solomon. A more careful
account is kept of these genealogies than be-
longs to the most ancient family of the proudest
Arab Chief, and very singular precautions are
taken to prevent the possibility of fraud, so far
as the written pedigree extends. The Kochlani
are principally reared by the Bedouin Arabs, in
the remoter deserts, A stallion may be pro-
cured without much difficulty, although at a
great price. A mare is rarely to be obtained,
except by fraud and excessive bribery, The
Arabs have found out that which the English
breeder should never forget, that the female is
more concerned than the male in the excellence
and value of the produce ; and the genealogies
of their horses are always reckoned from their
mothers." It has been remarked as a confirma-
tion of the theory of the Arabians, that the
phrase mother-wit has its origin in the circum-
stance that cleverness always comes from the side
of the mother. People who have taken the
pains to examine the biographies of eminent men
attentively, allege that they have often had stupid
fathers; but seldom, if ever, stupid mothers.
Now, as we have in this country the unspeak-
able advantage of hereditary Legislators, is it
not important to know that talent and capacity
may be insured to the nation through the mo-
thers alone ? No man knows his own father, as
Telemachus says in the Odyssey, when he was
asked whether he was the son of Ulysses ; but
of the mother he may speak on highly probable
testimony. Some people may suppose that we
are seeking to undermine the authority of men,
by thus lowering their importance ; and it is un-
questionably true, that if there be any truth in
the Arabian doctrine, the motive for attachment
to an illustrious origin by the father's side is
weakened. To return to our subject, we heartily
rejoice at this attempt to convey the means of
instruction to our village population. We trust
the result will be as fortunate as the intention is
praiseworthy.—Morning Chronicle.
Anxiously as the people both of this country
and of France have been looking for some time
past for a copy of the articles of the treaty of
Adrianople, no such document has yet found
publicity either through the German or Paris
Papers. It is understood, however, that the
last dispatches from Sir R. Gordon, our Am-
bassador at Constantinople, have brought an
authentic copy of it to Gyvernment, and no
great length of time, therefore, we should hope,
would elapse before the public be put in pos-
session of its contents. In the meantime it is
stated, on authority in the Courier, that " the
treaty does not contain any such condition as
that mentioned in the French Papers, that the
passage of the Bosphorus shall be open to the
vessels of all nations at peace with Russia and
the Porte. On that head," says it, "we under.
stand, it merely stipulates that there shall be a
free passage to the Black Sea, for the vessels of
all nations at peace with the Porte, without
making any reference to the relations which may
at that time subsist between such nations and
Russia." If this fact be as stated, it undoubt-
edly does away with an objection which we hesi-
tated not to affirm would have furnished both
France and England with a justifiable ground
of war ; but the treaty, even with this
im-
portant modification, is still a virtual anni-
hilation of the Turkish empire, and as such,
ought not, consistently either with the declara-
tion of the Duke of Wellington, " that the in-
tegrity of the Turkish empire must be main-
tained," or with the balance of power, and well-
being of the different States, of Europe, to be
sanctioned either by England or France. No
man in his senses will believe that after maintain-.

ing military occupation of Turkey, or at a
events the greater part of it, during a period o
eleven years, the Russians will be persuaded to
return home by any other means than those
which enabled them to find their way to the
heart of the eastern empire. An dis this a state
of things in which France and England ought
to acquiesce ? Is the trade of the Black Sea,
and the whole of the Archipelago, unworthy of
the notice of a British Minister, at a period
when it ought to be a matter of deep considera-
tion to seek out new channels for the consump-
tion of our products ? Is Russia to be not only
all powerful on land, but also to threaten the
maritime States of Europe with her greatness as
a naval power ? We are willing to make every
allowancirfor the Duke of Wellington—we ad-
mire his love of peace, and anxiety to ward off
the horrors of war—we readily admit that, after
his precipitate declarations of the just right of
Russia to go to war with the Porte in defiance
of the understanding in which the Treaty of. July
was entered into, and to blockade the Dardanelles
after he had waved his rights as a belligerent in
the Mediterranean, it was difficult to find a plea
for giving effectual support to the Sultan against
his powerful and crafty enemy ; but the case is
now altered—the Emperor has belied, as we al-
ways believed he would, his professions of mo-
deration—the balance of power and the peace of
Europe are endangered by the treaty of Adri-
anople—and on these grounds a case is made
out for armed interference, which would satisfy a
more squeamish Minister than his Grace. We
are aware that the Premier does not like the
treaty of Adrianople—that several Cabinet
Councils have been held on the subject—that
remonstrances have been made—and that orders
of no very peaceful character have been sent to
the Mediterranean and Archipelago ; but these
proceedings, which might have been enough to
frighten the Emperor Nicholas before General
Diebitsch crossed the Balkan, will be utterly
powerless, now that three-fourths of the Otto-
man empire are in his grasp. If the Duke of
Wellington means seriously to oppose the
treaty of Adrianople, he must have recourse to
deeds. The period when words would avail is
past,—Morning Advertiser.