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London, England, 1842-11-30 00:00:00

built on the sea-shore, and has a very convenient har-
bour, with a strong garrison, and several vessels which
guard the gulf : within its district are eight'' cities ; one
of the second order, and seven of the third ; part of these
cities are on the continent, the others are sea-ports.
6. Lai-tcheon-fou ; built upon a promontory, surrounded
by the sea on one side, and by mountains on the other ;
it has two cities of the second order. and five of the third,
within its jurisdiction, some of which stand by the sea-
side,, especially Kiao-tcheou, the situation of which
renders it almost impregnable.

111. KIANG-TM:I', CONTAINING NANKIN.
TOTAL POPULATION, 37,843,501.
The modern province of Kian-tsu is bounded by
Shen-se on the east, Sze-chuen on the south, Tartary
on the west, and the Great Wall on the north. The
Yellow river flows northward across it. Its capital is a
fine city, and once contained an imperial palace.
In addition to Nankin, 1. (which we notice else-
where), there are also in the cities of this province-
2. Sou-tcheou, which enjoys so delicious a climate and
soil, that the Chinese books have the old proverb, " Pa-
radise is above, but below is Sou-tcheou." It has six
gates by land, and six by water. The Viceroy of the
eastern part wf the province resides here. It contains
eight cities—one of the second order and seven of the
third. 3. Song-Kiang-fon. This city is built in the
water, and the vessels enter the town on all sides, and
from thence fall down to the sea, which is not far off.
It has four cities of the third order. 4. Tching-cheou-
fon ; a city of great trade, situated near the Canal by
which the barques go from Sou-tcheou to the river Yang-
tse-Kiang. It has five cities of the third order. 5.
Thing-Kiang-fou ; about a league in circumference,
and very considerable for its situation and commerce. It
is the key of the empire towards the sea, and is also a
fortress, where there is always a strong garrison. The
wells are about 30 feet high in places, and built with
bricks of four or five inches thick. GOO paces from the
shore there is a mountain in the river, named Kin-than ;
on the top of it stands a tower of several stories.
8. Ngan-kiting-fou. This city borders upon three pro-
vinces, and though but five days journey from the capi-
tal, it has a particular Viceroy. It is garrisoned by a
fort that commands the lake Poyang, at the entrance of
the province of Kiang-si. It is the chief thoroughfare
for all that comes to Nankin, and contains six cities of the
third order. 9. Hoei-tcheou, the most southern city of
the province, and richest in the empire. It has six towns
of the third order. It has mines of gold, silver, and cop-
per, and the best tea is grown here. 10. Ning-koue-fou
stands upon a river, that runs into the great river, Yang-
tcheou-fou ;it has six cities of the third order. 11. 'rchi-
tse-Kiang , with six cities of the third order ; it stands
on the banks of the Yang-tse-Kiang, and is environed
•with mountains. 12. Tai-ping-fou, a very opulent city,
standing on the river Kiang, where it receives three arms
of other rivers, making it appear like an island ; it is
also watered by two lakes, and.contains three cities, of
which Vou-hou•hien is the richest. 13. Fong-yang-fon;
this city is situated on a mountain not far from the
Yellow liver ; it contains in its district eighteen cities,
five of the second and thirteen of the third order, besides
a great number of Ma-teon, or places of commerce, settled
upon the rivers for the convenience of trade,- and collect-
ing the Emperor's dues ; it is larger than any province
in Europe ; it is well peopled, but indifferently built in
the middle, but all the rest consists only of low-thatched
houses or open fields, to bear tobacco, which forms the
only wealth and commerce of these parts. 14. Lin-
tcheou-fou is rendered fruitful by the Lake Triao ; in the
midst Of which there is a mountain ; this district con-
tains eight cities, two of the second order, and six of the
third

NGAN-II 0
TOTAL POPULATION, 34,168,059

This, the western division of the old province of Nan-
kin, is in proportion of its surface to that of the eastern
portion, nearly in the ratio of three to two. It is wholly
an inland province, and, with the exception of the south-
ern hills, having the green tea districts on their slopes,
the greater part of it is level. The Blue River passes
through it near the south, and the northern part is
watered by numerous branches of the Hwang-ho, which
rises in the province of Ho-nan to the westward, and,
after traversing the province, expands into the large lake
of Hung-tse, which communicates with the Yellow
River, near the spot where that intersects the imperial
canal.

V. TCHE-XXANG.
TOTAL POPUL ATION, 25,256,784.

This province lies eastwards towards the sea ; south
and south-west is bordering upon the province 'of Fuh-
kien, but the rest joins to the provinces of Kiang-si and
Ngan-hoe. It contains eleven chief cities, all of them
little inferior to some provinces ; these command over
sixty-three small cities, with towns and castles in great
number under their command, and villages exceedingly
populous.

- The people in this province registered in the Chinese
toll-book, appear to be 1,242,135 families, and 5,525,470
fighting men.
The public revenues paid to the Emperor consist of
2,510,299 sacks of salt, 370,4661135. of unwroiight silk,
2,574 rolls of wrought silk. Besides which all the
great ships of the Emperor called Junglichuen, arrive
every year to lade with silk, which is very rich and
curiously wrought, for the Emperor's own use. This
silk is interwoven with gold, silver, and the feathers of
several birds, very artificially mingled with all manner
of colours ; none are suffered to wear any of these silks
called Dragon silks, but the Emperor and his courtiers.
This province likewise furnishes the Court with
844,091 trusses of hay, 444,769 weight of salt. The
whole revenue of this country is reckoned by some to
amount to 15,000,000 of crowns.

The cities of this province are-1. Hang-tcheou-
, fou, the richest and largest city of the empire : its
situation and the conveniency of its canals renders its
silk trade the finest in China : it is about four leagues
in circumference, and contains 1,000,000 souls : without
including the suburbs, the city alone levies taxes upon
300,000 families : its walls are high and thick: it has
four great towers of several stories, with 7,000 men in
garrison under the Tsian-kiun, or Tartar General, and
3,000 more- under the Fou-yuen or Viceroy : the Tartar
troops have a fortress, which is separated from the city
by a Wall : the river Tcien-tang-kiang runs close by the
walls, and is about a league in breadth. Han-tcheou is
properly the region of silk ; 60,000 people are at work
within its walls, and many hundred thousands in the
adjacent parts. The lake Si-hou, about two leagues in
circumference, close to the city, has in its middle two
small islands ; it has causeways, and openings for boats
to pass through. 2. Kia-hing-fou. The whole of this
country is covered with lakes and canals ; the city is
large, populous, and large of trade : canals and bridges
abound : in the neighbourhood of the city Hai-yen,
which is upon the sea-shore, there are salt-pits, which
give rise to a large manufactnre. The country is flat,
and without a mountain : it contains seven cities of the
third order under it. 3. Hou-tcheou-fou : this city
derives its name from the lake on which it stands • its
silk manufactures are very considerable : the tribute
which one city in its dependence pays alone, amounts to
500,000 taels, or ounces of silver : it has under its
jurisdiction, one city of the second order, and six of the
third. 4. Ningpo.—This important city is noticed else-
where by itself. 5. Chao-hing-fou.—This beautiful
city is an actual Venice ; no street is without a canal ;
it contains eight cities of .the third order. 6. Tai-
tcheon-fou. This city, which has six others in its dis-
trict, stands on the bank of a river, in a very moun-
tainous country ; the neighbourhood of the sea supplies
it with all things necessary ; it carries on a great trade
with Japan and the interior of the country, in making
scabbards for cutlasses. 7. Kin-hoa-fou. This city lies
in the heart of a province, and on the banks of a fine
river ; its people are warlike, and long resisted all the
power of the Tartars ; it has eight cities of the third
order. 8. Kia-tcheon-fou. This city is situated on a
river, and between two other smaller ones that run into
it ; it is the most southern city of the province, and bor-
ders on the provinces of Kiang-si and Fuh-kien, but the
road which leads to the last province, and is but three
days' journey, is difficult to travel, on account of the
minesYe Yen-teohreo copper;ti u,
mountains to be passed ; there are five cities in its dis-
trict. 9.
the t h
paper
e banks
of a river
has many
manufacture;ver is
esteemed ; six cities of the third order are in its district.
10. Ouen-tcheou-fou stands on marshy land, near the
sea, the flux and reflux of which ascends to its walls it
has a safe and commodious haven, and live cities of ;the
tthird order. 11. Tchu4cheou-fou, on a river, navi-
sble as far as the sea ; and encompassed with moun-
tains ; it has ten cities in its district.

VI. PITH-B=N.
TOTAL POPULATION, 14,777,410.

This,. the least of the 18 provinces of China, lies to-
wards the east, south-east, and south, upon the Indian
Sea. Towards the south-west it borders upon Kwang.
tong, west and north-west upon Kiang-si, and the remain-
ing part on the kingdom of Tche-Kiang. It contains
eight chief cities, and 48 small cities, and a great num-
ber of forts built for the defence of the sea and harbour.
The island of Formosa, and the island Teiwan also be-
long to this province.
The toll or register-book of these people mentions no
less in this province than 59,200 families, and 182,677
fighting men.
The revenue of this province consists of 883,115 sacks
salt, 194 lbs. of fine linen, and 600 rolls of wrought silk,
But the chief revenue consists of ships, which pay ac-
cording to their burden so much per ton.
The capital cities of Fuh-keen are—l. Fou.teheou7
fou, the first and most considerable ; nine cities of the
the third order are under its jurisdiction ; fine rivers
carry the largest barques of China almost up to the walls;
it has also a bridge of 100 arches. 2. Tsuen-tcheou-
`ou, a city of great trade ; it is built on a promontory,
and almost surrounded by water ; the largest barques en-
ter within its walls ; it has seven cities of the third
rank, all populous, and great traders ; a bridge here,
with 300 stone piers, was built by the Governor of the
city, to preserve the boats and people from being conti-
nually upset by the violent tides ; from this it has a
prodigious trafib ;it cost 1,400,003 ducats. 3. Kien-
ninn•-fou. This city contains eight cities of the third
order under its jurisdiction ; it is situated on the side of
the river Min-ho, and is a place of plentiful trade.
and all commodities carried up and down the
river pass through it ; as the river ceases
to be navigable' near the city of Pou-tching-
hien, which is about 30 leagues from Kien-ning, the
goods are unloaded there, and porters carry them over
the mountains to a large town near Kiang-tchan, in the
province of Tehe-Kiang, to embark them on another
river ; 18,003 porters are employed there to attend the
barques, and carry the burdens to and fro over the moun-
tains ; the road is paved, and all along are little towns
filled Stith inns for the accommodation of travellers ;
there is an office at Pou-tehing-hien to receive toll of all
:floods, and the revenue Produced thereby is appointed
for keeping the road in repair. 4. Yen-ping-Lou,
situated on the side of a hill, below which runs the river
Min-ho ;it is not large, but is naturally fortified by in-
accessible mountains, the barques of the whole province
pass under its walls ; it is commonly called the Silver
City from its abundance and fruitfulness. 6. liint,,-hoa-
hou. The name of this city signifies a springing flower,