The Sun.
London, England, 1842-06-30 00:00:00

numerous devices by which men, acting under the
peessure of necessity, almost as obvious everywhere
as at Norwich, overrule the decrees of Government and
everywhere substitute a paper for a metallic currency.
The great bulk of the business of this country, except
mere retail, is transacted by means of paper, and be-
tween wholesale dealers of every description no metal
coin ever passes. Every man, too, who keeps a
banker's account—and t)ie practice is now adopted by
hundreds and thousands, who a few years ago never
dreamed of it—pays the bulk of his outgoings by
cheques ; so that the substitution of paper for metallic
money, in spite of the wishes and fulminations of
Governments about their immaculate standards, and
what not, has become almost universal, testifying
irresistibly to the strength of the necessity which
gives birth to it.

COURar CIRCULAR.
The Queen:held a Court yesterday afternoon, at Buck-
ingham Palace, for the reception of addresses on the
Throne.

The Bishop of London, accompanied by the Bishop of
Llandaff (Dean of St. Paul's), and a Deputation from
the Chapter of St. Paul's, and by the Rev. Sir Henry
Dukinfield, the Rev. Mr. Ward, and a Deputation of
the Clergy of the Cities of London and Westminster,
arrived at the Palace, and were conducted by Sir Wil-

Liam Martins, the Gentleman Usher in Waiting, to the
entrance of the Throne Room, where the Lord Cham-

berlain received the Deputation, and conducted them to
the presence of the Queen on the Throne.
Her Majesty was accompanied by his Royal Highness
Prince Albert, and was attended by nearly all the
Ministers of State, the Mistress of the Robes, the Lady
in Waiting, the Great Officers of State, and the principal
Officers of the Royal Household.
Her Majesty's Honourable Corps of Gentleman-at-
Arms lined the room, commanded by their Lieutenant,
the Hon. Sir Edward Butler.

The source of the necessity is obvious. It grows
from the increasing barter of mankind. Of what use
is money of any kind to a savage who supplies all his
own wants ? As men depart from the savage state,
and as each osie labours to supply the wants of others,
and no one makes more than a very small part of
what he uses and consumes, interchanges multiply.
This process is continually going on. Division of
labour, both amongst individuals and nations, is
continually extending ; old trades and occupations
are continually splitting, each one into several new
trades and occupations ; and as the population of the
world increases so interchanges multiply in the com-
pound ratio of that increase, and the extending divi-
sion of labour. But there is no corresponding in-
crease of the precious met*, and the substitution of
paper to complete the barter, without the intervention
of metallic coin, is the necessary consequence.
DivUon of labour, let us repeat, springs from the
multiplication of the species, for were there only one
person he must do everything for himself. Barter is
the necessary consequence of division of labour, and
barter increases in a compound ratio, as it increases
and people multiply. To carry on this increase in
batter bullion does not increase, and paper money,
which is essential to extended barter, is thus the ne-
cessary consequence of the principle of population.
All the contrivances, therefore, of which we have
heard in modern times—as people have increased
very fast—the small note currency of the American
war, the old one-pound notes, the shin-plasters of the
United States cities, as well as the ls. 6d. tickets of
the Guardians of the poor at Norwich, are the offspring
of a great natural and inevitable condition of society.
Traders of all descriptions, all who buy and sell—
which includes the bulk of mankind—have good reason
then, we think, to be displeased and discontented
with their governments for always labouring under
some pretext or other to suppress the paper money,
which naturally grows into use from the necessities
of man's condition, and to substitute for it their own
damaged, ill-conditioned, incorrect, and costly coin.
It is now some sixteen years since a departed
Parliament, and being defunct, contrary to the pro-
verb, we may say as much ill and as much truth of it
as we please, under the influence of a most ridiculous
panic which had as little to do with one-pound notes
as with the tides, took it into its wise head to put an
end to small notes. When it did so it knew as little
of the correct theory of paper money as it did of the
recondite questions which have just been discussed by
the sages at Manchester—and the consequence has been
to deprive the public of a very useful instrument of
barter, supplied in general by substantial and trust-
worthy men, and inflict on it the evils of a restricted
trade and a gold coinage. It has not put an end to
paper money at the same time, but it has driven the
public to substitute cheques, drafts, &c., &c., for pro-
mises to pay on demand, which from their general
nature are much more useful.

The Bishop of London and the Deputation advanced,
when his Lordship read the Address of Congratulation
from the Dean and Chapter of St. Paul's, and the Clergy
of London and Westminster. The Bishops of London
and Llandaff had the honour to kiss hands, and the
Clergy then retired.
The Lord Mayor of Dublin arrived in state, attended
by his Chap'ain, and also by the Sword-bearer, Mace-
bearer, and other Officers of the Corporation. His
Lordship was accompanied by Aldermen Sir John Power,
Mackinnon, Egan, and Gardiner ; Town-Councillors
James Buck and Guinness ; Messrs. Perry, Morne, J.
Power, M.P., Matthew Gardiner, John O'Connell, M.P.,
and Counsellor Arabin.

His Lordship and the Deputation were ushered to the
Royal presence, when the Lord Mayor read the Address
of Congratulation from the Corporation of the City of
Dublin, to which her Majesty was pleased to return a
most gracious answer. The Deputation then withdrew.
The Protestant Dissenting Clergy, of the three denomi-
nations, arrived at the Palace to present a Congratulatory
Address, and having been ushered up the grand stair-
case, were conducted by the Lord Chamberlain to the
presence of the Queen.
The Deputation consisted of the following :—The
Rev. J. Howard Hinton, A.M., Chairman ; Rev. Wm.
Stern Palmer, Secretary ; REV. John Pye Smith, D.D.,
F.R.S., &c. ; Rev. Edward Alexander Dunn, Rev. John
Yockney, Rev. William Williams, Rev. Joseph Berry,
Rev. H. B. Jeula, Rev. John Blackburn, Rev. Thomas

Why did that stupid Parliament, too, apply one rule
to England and another to Scotland ? In Scotland
there was not one all powerful bank, having its cre-
ditor-fetters round the debtor Government ; and the
Minister of England, being subservient to the Bank of
England, persuaded the Parliament to do that to Eng-
land, which neither subservient Ministers nor stupid
Parliament dared to do to Scotland. Time, we have
no doubt, will do justice both to Lord LIVERPOOL'S
Ministry and his Parliament, and when it does, it will
condemn both for foolishly meddling with a great
matter they did not comprehend.
If people must, which seems very likely, take to
issuing small notes, following the example of the Nor-
wich Union, we would recommend them to issue them
for ounces, half ounces, quarter of ounces, or any num-
ber of ounces of silver, and have nothing to do with
GOULBURN or his coin. Acting On such a plan they
may soon laugh to scorn his nonsensical regulations,
and soon bring into that contempt it deserves, the so-
called wisdom of Lord LIVERPOOL and his Parliament.

MR. WILSON'S ENTERTAINMENT
AT THE HANOVER-SQUARE ROOMS.

This entertainment was to have been the last de-
livered by Mr. Wilson in England, but so great was the
attraction of his last musical lecture at Store-street,
on Monday, with its charming operatic selections from
" Amilie," "Fra Diavolo," and other sources, that he
has been requisitioned to rehearse the exact programme
of that night again next week, but at the Queens Con-
cert-room, as above. Yesterday afternoon he repeated
many of his favourites to a full, fashionable, and
appreciating audience. In " Wha'll buy Caller
Herring" he was one of the most harmonious vendors
of fish anywhere out of Edinburgh. The air,
which is in imitation of a chime of church bells, was
unusually felicitous. Bruce's bold and noble "Bannock-
burn Address" the lecturer sang with his accustomed
power. The stone of Bannockburn yet remains. The
peasant still makes his venerable pilgrimage to the spot.
" Och, man," said one of these patriotic visitors to Mr.
Wilson when there, while his eye gleamed with Scots
valour, and his bravery seemed up in arms ; " och, man,
to think that this is the spot where the Bruce had his
army before him—that yonder is the spot of the pits,
in which Edward's cavalry fell—and there where Bohun
had his head cleft in twain ! Man, let us drink to Bruce
that fought, and Burns that sung." And so saying, out
of a wine-flask from his pocket, the lecturer and the pa-
triot drank to their high memories. Room will not permit
us more than to allude to the dim, sweet melody of "
wearing awa, Jean." The expressive poetry that breathes
through the lines—the thin weak voice of decay, speak-
ing, in the singer's person, of his own decline into the
vale and shadow of death—the calm resignation he
evinces, at quitting a world of care—his anticipations of
the " fair day" in the heavens, where he shall meet his
departed child, and to which angels wait to waft him, were
all given with a pathos and expressive beauty by Mr.
Wilson, as to render it an elegy, the sweetest ever sung!
We regret that Mr. Wilson, in unison with his conclud-
ing song, is quickly to " tak his auld cloak about him,"
and to depart.

Timpson, Rev. John Edgcomb Richards Rev. Robert
Philip, Rev. John Tudor Rowland, Rev. Professor
Hoppus, L.L.D., F.R.S., Rev. Joseph Belcher, Rev.
John Hunt, Rev. Joseph Mason, Rev. Stephen
Augustine Dubourg, Rev. David Denham, Rev. Henry
Richard, Rev. John Andrews Jones, Rev. Thos. Lewis,
Rev. Thomas Jackson, Rev. Joseph John Freeman, Rev.
Stephen Joshua Davis, Rev. Israel May Soule, Rev. Wm.
Bean, Rev. Robt. Ashton, Rev. Daniel Curtis, Rev.
Charles Williams, Rev. William Grosser, Rev. John
Adey, Rev. H. L. Berry, M.A.; Rev. George Verrall,
Rev. John Edwards, Rev. George Wyard, Rev. John
Morris, Rev. B. Woodyard, and the Rev. Matthew Jeula.
The Rev. J. Howard Hinton, A.M., read the Address
of Congratulation, and her Majesty was pleased to return
a most gracious answer. The Rev. Howard Hinton,
and the Rev. W. Stern Palmer, had the honour to kiss
hands, and the Deputation then retired.
Her Majesty afterwards held a Privy Council. It was
attended by his Royal Highness Prince Albert, the Lord
President, the Lord Privy Seal, the First Lord of the
Treasury, the Duke of Wellington, the Secretaries of
State for the Home, Foreign, and Colonial Departments,
the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the First Lord of the
Admiralty, the President of the Board of Trade, the
President of the Board of Control, the Secretary at War,
the Paymaster of the Forces, the Lord Steward, the
Lord Chamberlain, the Master of the Horse, and the
Groom of the Stole to Prince Albert.
The Hon. William Bathurst was the Clerk of the
Council in Waiting at the Court.
At the Court Ali Ben Nasser, Envoy from the Imaum
of Muscat, had an audience of the Queen, introduced
by the Earl of Aberdeen, K.T., her Majesty's principal
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and conducted by
Sir Robert Chester, .Master of the Ceremonies.
The Queen gave audiences to Sir Robert Peel, the
Earl of Aberdeen, and Lord Wharncliffe.
The Protestant Dissenting Clergy of the Three Deno-
minations, after presenting their Address to the Queen,
had an audience of his Royal Highness Prince Albert,
and presented an Address of Congratulation to his Royal
Highness.
The Prince was attended by the Marquis of Exeter,
KG., Groom of the Stole; Mr. George Edward Anson,
Treasurer; Lord George Lennox, Lord in Waiting; and
Sir Edward Bowater, Equerry in Waiting.
Her Majesty's Court was attended by the Duchess of
Buccleuch, Mistress of the Robes; the Countess of Char-
lemont, Lady in Waiting; the Captain of the Hon. Corps
of Gentlemen-at-Arms; Lord Hill, Gold Stick inWaiting;
the Captain of the Yeoman Guard, the Vice-Chamberlain,
the Treasurer of the Household, the Comptroller of the
Household, Lord Charles Wellesley (Clerk Marshal)
Equerry in Waiting ;. Mr. James Bunce Curling, Clerk
of the Cheque of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-
at-Arms; Mr. Beresford and Captain Green, Gentlemen
Ushers in Waiting ; Sir Benjamin Smith, and Messrs.
Wilson and Wortley, the Pages of Honour in Waiting.
Viscount Hawarden and General the Hon. Sir Wil-
liam Lumley, were th Lord and Groom in "Waiting.
The Yeoman Guard lined the Grand Hall, commanded
by Captain S. Sadler, the Exon in Waiting.
The Queen's Guard of the Foot Guards, with the Band
of the Regiment, was on duty on the Palace Lawn during
the reception of the addresses.
The Duchess of Kent visited the Queen yesterday.
The Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal, accom-
panied by the Dowager Lady Lyttelton, were taken an
airing in a carriage yesterday.
The Queen had a dinner party yesterday. The com-
pany consisted of her Majesty the Queen Dowager ;
their Majesties the King and Queen of the Belgians ;
her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent ; their Serene
Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Saxe Meiningen,
and the Hereditary Prince ; his Serene Highness
Prince Edward of Saxe Weimar; M. Van de Weyer, the
Belgian Minister ; the Duchess of Buccleuch, the
Duchess of Northumberland, the Earl of Aberdeen,
Viscount and Viscountess Palmerston, Lord and Lady
Stanley, Lord George Lennox, Hon. William Ashley,
the Countess of Charlemont, Frances Lady Clinton, the
Countess de Merode, Lady Anna Maria Dawson,
Madlle. de Baas, Hon. Misses Stanley and Hamilton,
Baroness Lehzen, Baron Stockmar, Baron de Dieskaw',
l
M. de Moerkerke, Baron de ErfaViscount Hawarden,
lion. C. A. Murray, Hon. Sir W. Lumley, Lord Charles
Wellesley, and Sir E. Bowater.
'The Band of the Ist Life Guards attended during
dinner.
Her Dlajesty had afterwards an evening party. The
company included Baron de Moncorvo, the Portuguese
Minister ; Baron de Gersdorff, the Saxon Minister ; the
Duchess of Beaufort, the Marquis of Worcester, the
Duke and Duchess of Somerset, Marquis of Exeter,
Marquis and Marchioness of Clanricarde, Earl Delawarr,
Earl of Liverpool, Earl of Jersey, Earl and Countess of
Verulam, and Lady Jane Grimston, Earl and Countess
Bruce, Viscount and Viscountess Folkestone, Lord and
Lady Wharncliffe, Right Hon. Henry and Hon. Mrs.
Goulburn, Mr. George Edward and Hon. Mrs. Anson.
Herr Dobler had the honour of attending at the
Palace and performing during the evening.
Mr. Hyatt had the honour of submitting to Prince
Albert, yesterday, a finished proof of the whole-length
portrait of his Royal Highness, in the robes of the
Garter, with which his Royal Highness was pleased to
express his approbation.
The Queen Dowager, accompanied by the Duke and
Duchess of Saxe Meiningen, and the Hereditary Prince,
left her residence, Bushy House, Bushy Park, yesterday
afternoon, for town. Her Majesty visited the Princess
Sophia at; her residence at Kensington, and arrived at
Marlborough House at five o'clock, attended by her
suite. The Duke of Cambridge visited her Majesty at
Marlborough House.
The Duchess of Kent received an Address of Congra-
tulation yesterday afternoon at Clarence House, from
the Protestant Clergy of the Three Denominations. Her
Royal Highness was attended by Lady Anna Maria
Dawson, and Sir George Couper, Bart.
The Duke of Cambridge, attended by Colonel Jones,
visited the Panorama of Caubul yesterday, and was
pleased to express his approbation.

DR. REID'S LECTURES ON CHE-
MISTRY.

After last week's hiatus in this scientific course, caused
by the occupancy of the great room at Exeter-hall with
Mr. Hullah's music-classes, Dr. Reid resumed the deli-
very of his lectures last night, and treated upon the sub-
ject of acids and: alkalis.
,The former, he proceeded to
show were producible from the fermentation and putre-
faction of animal and vegetable matter. Prussic acid,
one out of this numerous class, was entertainingly
dilated upon by the lecturer—that acid, a few drops
of which, poured into a spoon and held to the nos-
trils of a powerful bullock, killed him instanta-
neously, and which therefore had, in some instances,
been used for that specific purpose. The vegetable
alkalis coming under consideration, Quinquinna or
bark, being rich in carbon and hydrogen, showed itself
by experiment to possess the property of burning with
much brightness. This alkali, and others of the same
order, operates with different degrees of activity on the
system, according to the diet and habits of the
patient. Morphine, was thus found by medical
experimenters on its first discovery, to have no
power on some persons ; while, when rendered soluble,
in the system of others, it became highly energetic. Dr.
Reid finally treated on oily and resinous substances,
and those of a kindred character, such as alcohol, ether,
and naptha, all of which possess the quality of being
volatilized easily. A series of bskiliant and adroit ex-
periments illustrated the evening's lecture.

TOTAL DESTRUCTION of COOKE'S
NEW ROYAL CIRCUS.
(From the Glasgow Courier.)
It is with deep regret we record that Mr. Cooke, the
celebrated equestrian, has met with a great calamity
since his recent arrival in this city, his splendid Circus
on the green having been completely destroyed by
fire yesterday evening. The fire was first discovered by
the policeman who was watching the building, and he
states that his attention was first directed to the matter
by hearing something like an explosion on the south
side of the arena, and by immediately afterwards per-
ceiving smoke issuing from that quarter. When he
rushed into the place where he supposed the fire to ex-
ist, along with Mr. Barrow, the manager, whom he
foundstav
ost n
on
eanding at the pit-door, they found a quantity of
r
fire,N,er
v side.and
A
the
general Catching
ala holdalarm
woafs the
instantly
wood-
workraised, but the being directly over the scene of
the conflagration, that combustible material was com-
pletely in a blaze, and in less than five minutes after-
wards the whole roof was in one sheet of flame. For-
tunately all the horses were got out uninjured, and the
sole loss, in the animal department, is a donkey. A
considerable portion of Mr. Cooke's valuable wardrobe,
however, has been destroyed, and will add very mate-
rially to his loss. We are glad to learn that the pro-
perty is to a certain extent insured, Mr. Cooke, the pro-
prietor, we have been informed, having what is called a
floating policy of insurance. Not more than a quarter
of an hour elapsed from the first discovery of the fire
till it had completed its work. The audience had begun
to assemble for the evening's performances when it broke
out, nearly 300 being in the gallery at the time, and a
few in the pit and boxes, but the whole got out without
the slightest accident. The Circus was only opened on
Saturday last for the first time since its re-erection.
Mr. Cooke's Circus has several times before been de-
stroyed by fire ; once in America, when his whole stud,
as well as other property, was consumed.

NEW TORY POOR Law—The 37th clause of the
Bill now in progress will have the effect of throwing nearly the
whole of the country paupers on the already over-burthened
town parishes. It enacts " That if any poor person become
chargeable to any parish through illness or bodily injury of
himself, or any of his family, it shall not be lawful to take his
examination or make any order of removal until he shall
have received relief at the cost of such parish for forty days
consecutively." Now, as paupers seldom apply to the parish
until they or some of their family fall sick, and as the relief
must be for forty days consecutively, the above clause will, in
effect, give each pauper a settlement where he resides, render the
Scotch and Irish irremovable, and throw all fever cases on the
town parishes in which they occur. By the 11th clause, at
least one paid chaplain is to be appointed to each district
school ; and, by the 30th clause, clergymen are guaranteed
their burial fees on the burial of poor persons (not paupers)
who die without effects sufficient to bury them, although Dr.
Lushington, in the Hackney Church-rate case, declared that
no such fees are legally due, but certainly it is a most pleasant
get quartered upon the poor-rate fund. The Bill is
prepared and brought in by Sir James Graham,
indorsed
rse tod
Sir Robert Peel, and Sir Edward Knatehbull.— Carlisle
Journal. .
How TO ELOPE.—We have heard of a Yankee,
Who one day asked his lawyer how an heiress might be carried
off. " You cannot do it with safety," said the counsellor;'
but I'll tell you what you may do; let her mount the horse
and held a bridle whip; do you then mount behind her, and
you are, safe-=for she runs al,,ay with you. The ner,day the
lawjer found that it was his own dipghter rho hatls.rmi.siway
with his client. , , •
DiPARTURE.::-Vi§C9llllt and Viscountess Duncan
11.61 Hill-street; forSapperdowirlikrth.l3fitAine- • .
.

FIRE AT SIR HARRY FEATHERSTONE'S. - The
beautiful Belvidere Temple on Harting-Hill Up Park, near
Hastings, the seat of Sir Harry Featherstone, was destroyed
by fire on Monday night. This building, which, from its
commanding situat►on, served both as a sea and land marks
was discovered to be in flames at midnight, and the country
for miles round soon roused from their slumbers to witness it,
destruction. Sir Harry Featherstone has for yeari opened his
park and grounds at this season of the year to the neighbour-
hood for promenade and gipsey parties ; and it was at first sup-
posed that. one of these parties had omitted to put out the fire
used by .thein in the temple, and that some sparks had commu-
nicated with the wook-work ; but an investigation is now going
on to ascertain the real cause, and we fear-it will turn out that
the fire was not altogether accidental—Brighton Guardian.

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JUNE 30, 1842.

without coming to the determination of presenting a
piece of plate.—(Hear, hear.)
The resolution was then carried unanimously and the
address was agreed to.
Mr. BURGE moved that the following gentlemen be
appointed a Committee to wait upon Sir Charles Met-
calfe, viz.,—Lord St. Vincent, the Agent of Jamaica,
Sir Alexander Grant, Sir Wyndham Dialing, Sir Henry
Lushington, Sir Edward Hyde East, Sir I. L. Goldsmid,
Mr. Dehany, Mr. Bernal, M.P. Mr. Malcolm, Messrs.
Colgan, Lyon, Hankey, Archdeacon, Long, Godson,
Philpots, Erskine, Bowerbank, Spalding, &c.
This motion having been seconded, was carried
nern. dis.
Mr. BURGE then moved a vote of thanks to the Chair-
man. for his conduct in the chair.
Sir A. GRANT, in seconding the motion, having paid
a tribute -to .the many good qualities of the Chairman,
stated that, as he was intimately acquainted with the
successor of Sir Charles Metcalfe in the Government of
Jamaica, he might be excused for telling them that that
gentleman left this country with an anxious desire to
tread as closely as possible in his steps. Admiring his
conduct from the commencement--usque aL incepto—he
desired to walk in it.—(Hear, hear.) He was sure it
would be pleasing to the meeting, as it was gratifying to
himself, to know that they were likely to have the same
line of conduct persevered in by the present Governor,
as that which they had now met to approve of.—(Hear.)
The CHAIRMAN briefly expressed his thanks for the
honour which bad been conferred upon him, and the
meeting broke up.