The Sun.
London, England, 1845-10-25 00:00:00

A144T11151 01
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LONDON, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 25, 1845.

The last intelligence from Buenos Ayres supplies
some traits, not altogether unlooked for, of the extreme
obstinacy and cunning of Roses. On the other hand,
the contest between the rival Republics of Buenos
Ayes and Monte Video (to employ the designations
by which they are most generally known in this coun-
try) presents a complication of interest and difficul-
ties which is every way remarkable. In infant states
the rights of nations, except perhaps in their broadest
and simplest principles, are as little understood—or
respected, at least, which is the point to our present pur-
pose—as the rights of individuals. On this account, it
was to be expected that the nature of such an armed in-
tervention by England and France as is now in progress,
in the hostile relations of the two great States of the Rio
Plata, would be but slowly comprehended by either,
whenever its action happened to interfere with the pre-
tensions or expectations of the one or the other. And just
this sort of result bas, accordingly, ensued. The war, on
the part of the two republican armies, had been conducted
for some time with a degree of reckless violence and
studied brutality from which the humanity of civilisa-
tion ever revolts. The siege of Monte Video, in par-

icular, will stand for ever infamously distinguished in

the annals of remorseless cruelty. These barbarous
excesses, and the outrages committed on the property,
the liberty, and even the lives of various British and French
subjects in Buenos Ayres itself, or the republican territory,
at length attracted the attention of the two greatest
powers of Europe. They remonstrated, were cajoled by
Roses, remonstrated again, and were insulted in the
persons of their representatives, by their obscure but
successful adventurer, under circumstances of the most
intolerable aggravation. In: dealing with these it must
be admixted that the Ministers of the two Great Powers,
proceeded, in their laudable desire to prevent the further
effusion of blood between the belligerents, and
the more extensive disorganisation of the commer-
cial relations between South America and Europe, to the
extremest verge of moderation. Their motives were
underetood. The President, Dictator of Buenos Ayres,
assumed a still more insufferable tone of arrogance in
his communications with them, and fresh assassinations
and outs ages committed on the persons of British-born
subjects (as in the case of a whole Scotch family of eight
or nine persons assassinated in mid-day, and neither
detected, nor very earnestly looked after by the Buenos
Ayrean authorities), completed the measure of these
" Argentine " transgressions. The declaration of Buenos
Ayres toy the commanders of the French •and English
squadrons being in a state of blockade Was held out to
Rows us the inevitable alternative of his persisting in
the siege of Monte Video. This siege he was required
instantly to raise, and to withdraw his troops under
General ORIBE from the territories of Monte Video ad-
jacent to the Rio Grande. Both of these demands
being refused, the alternatives were immediately pro-
cee led upon by the French and English authorities.
The blockade has been rigorously established. The
whole fleet of Buenos Ayres has been seized. But
from the land side Monte Video may be still considered
as invesried by the forces of ORIBE, who kept the field at
the date of the last adsices, and was likely still to do so;
because-e--as one of the letters pithily remark—" the two
admirals, though supreme by water, are very weak by
land." Erom the nature of the country to be traversed,
in order to get at ORIBE'S forces, a considerable land
expedition, on the ordinary calculations of European
warfare between European troops, would, undoubtedly,
be required. But we have a strong confidence that
the " 240 marines" who had already landed at
Monte Video (we presume they are British), will
with the accustomed gallantry and spirit of that admira-
ble corp,s, give a good account of any band, however
numerically superior, which they are likely to encounter.
In the 'meanwhile we must do that justice to the fore-
sight and sagacity of our own Government and com-
manders, of which the smallness of our aggregate flotilla,
and of the several war craft comprising it, now in the
waters 4. the Plata, on the first statement of them,
induced us to form a too disparaging es-
timate. Our armed brigs and schooners will
be able to run much further up the main
stream sand someof its tributaries, when necessary,
than larger-classed Frei ch. ships ; and the
habits and experience acquired by their crews during
various periods of cruising service are precisely those
which it -was essential that the men to be employed in
the expeiltion against Buenos Ayres itself, or the forces
commanded by the partizans of Roses, should possess.
From the: extreme difficulty of conducting such opera •
tions in a region everywhere intersected by
the lagunes, rivers, and sterile " pampas" that in-
tervene hetween that country nearest to the landing point
of any boating expedition on the Rio Plata, and the land
defences of Buenos Ayres, it is highly probable that
these operations may be long protracted. But the
Monte-Videan flotilla of boats, being now free from all
molestation by the cruisers of Buenos Ayres (which
are in the safe keeping of the combined squadron), will
be able to keep up supplies, and organise convoys with-
out much hazard, in a country which, wild as it is, is
very scantily peopled.
hoses, we perceive, by a refinement of his character-
isticoptinioncrsa"ftbiy the die
ness'
stiuseandaetatevnotuiroin he endeavouring tois
now,w so in"g
tardilyol en
paying to British merchants and traders, the compatriots

of those whom he had before so habitually maltreated
and domineered over. And we must say we are rather
grieved at the extreme facility with which some of
them have fallen into so palpable a snare. They talk,
not only in the memorial they have addressed to Lord
ABERDEEN—but in the private letters, from which we
published extracts yesterday—of the interference of
France and England in the disputes between Monte
Video and Buenos Ayres, on account of the wrongs,
real or imaginary (! !), inflicted by the latter Republic
on the former, as if it were a most uncalled-for and ill-
advised interference. But here is the "met de renigme.',
" The local political affairs of the country," writes one
correspondent from Buenos Ayres, "do not concern us
so long as we are amply protected." This is to claim
too much for themselves in their character of simple
merchants or foreign settlers. They ought to know
that, together with their indefeasible allegiance, they
carry all over the world an indefeasible nationality ; and
that in respect of the superior gravity of these
two , properties, to any simple personal rights
so far as those rights are affected, only, and directly, by
their residence in a foreign state, their first duty, as
well as liability, is to conform to whatever sacrifices that
allegiance and that nationality exact of them. Now the
protection of their flag has been insulted by ROSAS; and
to the startling and infatuated declaration of the same
correspondent, that he and the other British residents in
Buenos Ayres "have hitherto been amply protected,"
we can only oppose the remonstrances of the merchants
addressed to Mr. MANDEVILLE and Mr. GORE OUSE-
LEY, successively ; the treatment of General O'BRIEN ;
the murderous atrocities of the Masorca Club ;
the (till now) undisguised hostility of ROSAS, openly de-
clared, to all British commerce and British merchants ;
and the facts of spoliation, forced contributions, confisca-
tions, arrests, and imprisonments, and the total extinction
of their commerce between Monte Video and Buenos
Ayres, avowedly exercised for so long a period by Roses
and his creatures against our fellow-countrymen, wher-
ever he could find them within his clutches. All the
other young republics of South America are profoundly
interested in this affair. Their prosperity and advance-
ment must,be held to be identified with the bringing Roses
to reason, and depriving him—in the mildest alternative
—of all future power to insult the dignity and honour of
European Powers in peaceful relations with his state,
and to scandalise humanity and Christendom by a fero-
cious deportment and a wanton shedding of human
blood, and a detestable sporting with human suffering,
such as would have disgraced even the superstitious
cruelty of some aboriginal chieftain of the countries he
rules over.

We understand that not a few members of the " Col-
lective Wisdom " look forward to the meeting of Par-
liament with fear and trembling. Never at any former
period were the representatives of the people subjected
to such labour as during the last session. Almost
every active Member, not etempted by office or ages
was engaged in some railroad Committee or another-
Frequently from fifteen to twenty-five Committees were
sitting at a time, commencing their work at an early
hour for men engaged, often till one or two o'clock in
the morning, on legislative duties, sitting till the House
again resumed business, and frequently prolonged be-
yond that hour, with the hope of clearing off the
frightful accumulation that daily poured in, and
even then a great deal was left unfinished, or lines of
importance hurried through without mature deliberation.
But even these were the least of the evils. They neither
could do justice to their representatives, nor take care
of their own health, and the consequence was, that a
greater mortality ensued among Members than had been
known for any year, perhaps, during the last half cen-
tury. But the labour of last session was nothing com-
pared with that which the ensuing promises. Railways,
it would appear, are only commencing. There are now
twenty projected lines for one brought forward at any
former period, many of them too will be more difficult
to arrange, because there are more jarring interests ;
there are direct competing lines in considerable num-
bers, not a few which will, more or less, interfere n ith
the profits of those already constructed, and conse•
quently the time and labour necessary to investigate
these circumstances, and come to a fair decision—just
alike to the community and to those who had risked
their property in these vast undertakings—will pro-
bably be increased tenfold. The Members eligible
for Committees may well tremble, therefore, at
the gloomy prospect, and try to invent some
expedients for lightening such an amount of labour.
Possibly this session the Irish division may become more
tractable. Ireland is now to be intersected with rail-
ways as well as England and Scotland, and it is only
fair that the repealers should make themselves useful,
and improve a country which, according to their predic-
tions, will speedily be independent. But even that
would make little difference, for admitting that many of
the new lines may not be pressed at present, still
more will remain than human strength can do justice to,
and the question, therefore, comes—What is to be done?
Some have proposed that a Bill should be passed for ex-
cluding all candidates at elections of a certain age, or
not fit for every sort of employment, so that the House
might consist, like a good regiment of soldiers, only
of able-bodied, iron•framed, and hard-working Mem-
bers, fearing nothing, and ready for every work.
But such a scheme would deprive the lower House of
the experience, wisdom, and judgment of many vener-
able legislators, and probably would find little support
eithei in the Commons or the Lords. The only remedy
that we can discover is to make the Peers do their duty,
and begin the labours of their session at least a
quarter of a year earlier than usual. Little or nothing
is done in that. House till the end of May. Thus
nearly four months are lost which might be use-
fully employed in lessening the labours of the
Commons and in dispatching at least one half of the
principal Railway Bills. Relief, too, might be afforded,
by limiting the speeches of counsel, and by compelling
them to speak only to the main points, and reject all
that legal jargon, which only wastes useful time, and
corrupts the English language. At all events, some
scheme must be devised, else it will not be possible to
find candidates for Parliamentary honours. Many
boroughs and counties will be unrepresented, and it will
be as difficult to find a man to risk his life in a Railway
Committee as in an expedition to the coast of Africa.

Madrid journals of the 17th inst. have been received,
In the Eco del Comercio we find the following para-
graph, which we believe has no foundation. Indeed
that journal does not attach much credit to it ! "We
have seen a letter from Gibraltar which positively
announces that foreign envoys have arrived thither,
whose mission is to recruit offieers in all the depots
of the emigrants from Portugal, Spain, &c., in
order to join the army of AED-EL-LADEN, and at-
tack the French colonies. These agents, it is said,
have a considerable sum of money at their com-
mand, and present great advantages to such as wish
to enlist. We do not place much faith in this news;
nevertheless, it must be remembered that MEHEMET
Au organised his army and succeeded in throwing off
the authority of the Porto by means of the European
officers who emigrated from their country in conse-
quence of the political events of 1823." The muni-
cipal election for Madrid did not appear to excite much
interest, as the Government would have them all their
own way. Senor CORTES, who had been appointed
a Councillor of State, had, in consequence of that, re-
signed the situation of Secretary to the QUEEN. The
health of her MAJESTY, it is said, is improving. No
public business was done on the Bourse.

The Paris Moniteur contains an official notice from
the Minister of Public Works, fixing the 25th of No-
vember for the adjudication of the Tours and Nantes
Railway and the Paris and Strasburg, with branches to
Rheims, Metz, and Saarbruck. The. concession for the
nfcoermt he
net 1h) aardi sa and
uSrtarbalse burgh,effeet foonr tt3h- -efi
first line is not to exceed the period of thirty-five years,
svtareTmhaiarkanet,-
nanoud
and a considerable rise took place on the northern and
some other principal lines. A slight depression, however,
took place towards the close of business both in shares
and stock, attributed to the seizure of the books, papers,
and money, of two brokers employed for the disposal of
shares in the new lines. Altogether, however, the Bourse
displayed more firmness on Thursday than for several
days.
Official dispatches received by the Minister of War from
Ge teral LANORICIERE appear in the papers. These dis-
patches are dated Ternouchen, Oct. 4, and give details of
various encounters with the Arabs, but they add nothing
to the previous intelligence from that quarter. The
Algcrie states that A ED-EL-KADErt receives all his sup
plies from Gibraltar, through Morocco, and that he has
an agent at Tetuan who sends him everything that he
requires in arms, ammunition, etc. This journal adds
that ABD-EL-ICADER has at Toza, a town of Morocco,
and governed by one of the Emperor's officers, a powder-
mill, and workshops for the repair of arms and the manu-
facture of accoutrements. Accounts in these papers
leave no doubt that SOULT will, in a few days, give up
the war department, but still remain in the Cabineras
President of the Council. The Constitutionnel says
General PREVAL will be appointed Minister of War.
Marshal BIIGEAUD arrived at Algiers oa the 15th.

Accounts from Milan announce the arrival of the Em-
peror of RusslA at that place on the 17th instant. There
is no truth, however, in the report of the arrival of the
Emperor of AUSTRIA. The Journal des Debate gives
the following account of the journey of NICHOLAS