The Sun.
London, England, 1816-07-27 00:00:00

TO lIE EDITOR OF 'VIE SUN.

SiR ,—Be pleased to insert the following in your.
Novspuper, and yon will much oblige,
•
Sir, your ntost obedient Servant,
`July V.) ttita. A CORRESPONDENT.
There is,perhaps no subject which reylires more
the otehtion of Parliament than the admeasura-
tion of the tonnage of ships established by the
Act of the 6 Geo. L cap. 1, sec. 33, ,and con-

firrned by the Act of the 13 Geo. 111. cap. 73,
sect. 1, that is to multiply the length of the keel
for tonnage,by the breadth of beam, and the pro-

'doer° by,the lialf-hre;adtli, and this product divide
by 91, which gives the tonnage. 'ibis method is

the more 'erroneous, because the breath of beam

.
is 'not the widest ptirt.cif the ship, but below the
beam ffitich. The consequence is, a ship of that

construction must he eranek, and e,innot carry

,
sail, Or take advantage Of a fair whit!, if oil the
bemn. 'rhe water is )ike so many perpendicular
wires supporang :t ship's- body : if the extreme
breenlth of a ship lies above the water-line, more
of these pOints will bear, and every inch she beds,
she will become stiffer ; but if on the contrary,
She is narrower above the water-line, fewer of
these points will bear, and she becomes more
crank as she inclines., Every ship and vessel as
she heels should therefore expose d greater plane
'of flotation to the water, otherwise she will not
be Able to bqtr a press of sail, The method of
finding ,the tonnage is erroneous, because the
ilepth of the .hold is not considered, nor the
greatest breadth, aud.the net is evaded; for: by
the Oct of navigation ships are to carry four men
for every 100 tons : now if a ship measures GOO
tons, and her freightage k 1200 tons, she saves
the %rages and victuals' of 24 men, and also a half
e,* Port Dutiei.
,So that the goods proper
ties:of a ship as fast sailing, stability, and safety,
`are not considered : bot stowage alone is the
?object. The American merchant ships and yeti-
Eels are built for their guild properties as ships,
bin the .contrary is. the case in Great Britain. It
often happens in convoys that some .vessels will
note sail above four knots and a half going large
or before the wind ; and not more than three
knots upon a wind. ...gvery sea Officer knows how
extremely the passages are pridonged by this bit('
stpling. There is another cans, for the.bad sail-
ing, of merchant vessels. The length of a ship

be vessel cannot exceed 31 times her extreme
breadth by Act of Parliameot. This was enact
,
prevent 'smuggling ; bitt smuggling vessels
are under 150 or 200 tone burden. the length •
of A vessel above that tonnage has been or was
permitted to be our times the breadth, nil
ships and yesSels,bhilt of those proportions would
sail faster, as length Contributes to fast sailing:
The following was printed in '!'tilt~-Suss news-
paper, April 29, 1413, dated Liverpool The
American mode of admeasaring her Shipping
'..fOttoage has progressively. eticoaraged the im-
provemeat 'dr Ship Modelling in the sine lines of
the ,ntiliag principles below the beachk.: ""e"
(Kir plat of adateasarement produces the opposite
effect. The Americana guige as it were the con.
tents of the capacity of a ship. Oar adineasure-
' ;neat depends on length and breadth,: entr'no-
thing on depth ; therefore the deepest 'or highest
abort vessel admeasores the same,. and pays no
snore dwy than the sharp, shallow, fast-sailing
one, that, only carries hall her cargo, or is half of
her ithin capacity ; consequently is a premium
against fest-sailing iu favour of capacity; whichacts
eqaally against the revenue and the t. improve-
silent of. the Models of Shipping in the merchant
service of this conntry.'!7-If pu Act of Parliament
is evaded it is the same as if annulled by the Le-
gislature. The Act of Navigation requires a ship
to navigate with folly men for every, 100,, tons.—
Let this part of the Act be auttalled„ arid leave the
ramher or men to the discretion of the Merchant.
The Underwriters will take care he has a sufficient
umber of men to navigate his shiprr-its
,Port
Duties are now avoided by the evasion of thelon-
nage. Let every decked-vessel (pilot-boats ex-
cqpted) pay a certain sum, according. to their
greateat length and breadth within board, whe-
lifer that length, and breadth is on the upper deck
if flash, lower tleck, or helots it. The sum lurid
to be progreasively greater aceOttling to the length'
- and breath. The, I tonnage may be.. found by
loa,fina a. a:tip with a quantity of ballast, +v hose
`weight is kiIOWLI„Or by cubing her, internal cap:Y.,
ci; y. The several.. water-lines, ..heights,
Ina.3l,lts to the plea of the ship afford So t» wy
14,1S";,L!!OldPedOnSt multiply together the
rates aud co-ortlinntea and the prtitlact to
bights or distance, of the water-lines, and trackH.;
ea allowance for the Curves, will cube the internal
capacity ; aud 'as a cubic foot of fresh water
wears 1000 ounces, or 0;,),1h5. Boz. add 21b. 804,
for the- salt, Which. is not too much, as there is
'one part salt in 22 or 23 parts water, according
to the climate, therefore a Cubic foot of .salt water
weighs nearly Gslbs fso every cabie foot of the
inteinal capacity of a ship is equal to 6511f5. and
tht• aggregate bey tonnage._
It t.ie anove is Considered• as worthy of
.notice,
the ora of thealifferent Newspapers, it is hoped,
will give this a place in their rilpefs, that it may
be as diliased as possible.

If a smuggler or. any man► ilrfraittli the Revenue, he 16
liable to he iropriioned, hanged, or transported. •
A Ship-buckler, like an /louse-architect; obeys the or-
dors he reeeices.
As a new mode of finding the tonnage will nearly dolible
the won the Port Duties if oppressive may, he decrease►d
itt-athii lar ratio, if the act of Navigation is 'or is not in a part
altered as to the number of soitmeg a.ship is iv Carr}.

illE CONSPIRACY.

APPREHENSION OF 'VAUGHAN.

VUBLIC OFFICE, liow-STaegr.----Titurstlay
man came to the Office anti inquired for Ilihop
the officer, professing that he did pot know hint
personally. The .officer being out upon buiipesa,
be asked to speak to Mr. NNar;s, which being
granted, be told the Ma:!;istrate he.. knew where
Vaughan, the late patrole, was concealed. The
Magistrate sent the informer: on to Litubrick and
Head, the officers belonging to. Hatton-garden
Office,
,who were originally the cause of discover-
ink this man to have been guilty of tnal-pnOlices,
and u Hell has led to
,the discovery of others, that
they might have 4te,crediz of apprehending ~ittt
again. Limhrick and Read went yesterday morn!
and having procured the.assistance of Free-
man the officer, belonging to Whitechapelrroad,
understanding that Vaughan was -armed, they
proceeded to Whitechapel.road, and entered a
house kept by Vaughan's uncle, where they found
hin't in a pat-lope and two loathed pistols upon
him ; having secured him, they brought him to •
the Office, where they arrived about three o'clock
when he Underwent au examination heave-Mi..
,•
•

Limbrick and Read produced the pistols., and
poaket-bgok which they found upon him. There
Wert* rapers and memorandtons in the. book kvsich,
tbrow considcrabke ,light,- and tend to conhtm u
great deal respecting him ; so that he %rho bins been
exercising a considerable poi tion of cunning 'to
entrap others, had not cunning enough to pnt out
of the way. those documents which will tend to
convict himself.

Fie denied having run away from his regular re-
cidence, .or that he was living iu coneealtnent at
his uncle's house ; but stated; that the: reason of
his going to_ live there was,, it was not convenient
for him to sleep at home, cht account of his wife
Having Ia ely been brought to bed. • He con-
sidered himself not bound to appear till next
Sessions, at which time he had g:ven bail to
answer charges that might be brought against
him ; and.,, in consequence of what had been said
iii public and private respecting his conduct, he
'did not consider himself safe in walking the streets.
.lie denied what bad been said against him to be
true; but asserted that there was a conspiracy

against him. Die uts, •
. ,
one of the,patrole, who used to act
with "lila in the employ of.the Bank of. England
in detecting: the 'titterers of counterfeit 'tokens,
was present, and much abuse passed between
them. On Thursday it was ascertained that
DickimS complained of having been classed with
Vaughan ; and it having been insinuated Olat he
was concerned with Mai in, his makpractices, he
.w.:at told he ought to' find Vaughan to clear him-
ielf, and Adkins the officer offered to give him a •
guinea if he wituld apprehend him ; he set ofc,'
taking another patrolc with him, but saying he
did not like to go to take bhn without a tvarrunt,
ab he knew he was aimed; although he Confessed
he Was not'afraid of him, In 'the course of the
investigation it was ascertained that Dickons bud
wet Vaughan since be had been Wanted, and had
advised bin, to, tun away to FCance.
The Magistrate held this to be a sufficient of-
fence, by a man employed as a ['Amite, to'firtil
bail for his future good behaviour, and he was or-
dered into custody till he produced the necessary
bail. ,
Vaughan was committed as an necessary before
the fact in breaking -open the house of Mrs.
M‘Donald in lioxton,Which was the circumstance
that led to the discovery of these nefariotm v4ns-
,action3. A
Araihald Riahven, late a parole belonging to
the Office, underwent another examination, bin
nothing new respecting his case appeared. lit
was remanded,. "

On Sunday last, as Mr. Annamtia, a -butcher,
irr Whitecbapel, was driving along the Commer-
cial-road in his chaise, he Met his daughter, whom
he invited to take a ride with him. She had -
'scarce got seated in the vehicle, when a mis-
chievous • little dog- ran before` the horse and
endeavoured to bife him ; the animal being
alarmed Set off fall speed, and Mr. ARDltAtin
thrown out, and received' such a violent
conttision in the fall. u!, to occasion his death
in a day or two afterwards.. Ilis datigbte;WllB
more fortnnate; site had resolution and strength
to keep her seat till the ii'llilll3l, was exhausted
by his exertions, and stopped of his- own ac-
Lord. The young %roman had' been led to this
determination in. consequence of having repeatedly
heartl- her friends say, that to remain in a chstiFoe
when a horse was running away was the most
probahle'way of avoiding an injury.
• Sunday, as the hand of the 89th regiment wasl,
,abont, to play at their heat!-quarters in Maid-
stone, one of fr he musicians left his. bassoon on the
gateway at the Star inn, while be went home for
some written tritri,;.-buring his absence, the 1-lytbe
and London coach changed horses at_ the Star ;
shortly afturwards the :bassoon %VHS missed, It
being susOcted that sonic passenger of the coach
had taken the instrument, the .landlord followed.
on horseback, and overtook the coach atWrot ham-
gatk„ and found the lost property in the possession
of an outside parisenger, tvho gave as a reason for
his having taken it, that he expected one front
London, aud seeing that one standing in the pas-'
sage, he concluded it tyloi bis. A person•in. the
coach knew the
,party who had.made so ging4ar
a:mistake, and gave his. Address to the landlord,
.who brought time bassoon back ter the orner,

Tilt SPOTS IN SUN.

[l7ron a Frutich l'aptr.]

The Spots of the Sun ore at present viewed
with astronomical telescopes, in which the great
brilliancy of t ha: star is mitigated, and hot effaced,
by the'colohred glass placed between the telescope
anal the eye. There are in the interior of the
telescope, at 'ate focus of bite objects some Very
fine threads stretched cross-wise, and moyeable
parallely to each other, by weabs of tthich the
distance of the spot front the nearest horaler of the
Soil's disk may be ascerrained, .whica,determiots
its position on the disk at the moment of observo-
tint,. By following in this manner the saint spot
fair several days, it is perceived tO changeAts'pla.-e.
Its size also varies totteh. The •spbutsonieti'wes
grow tbilwer, and disperse frotb,phe day, to ano-
ther anciliencc it, is that, thougli last month ra-
ther at large ittith teas aS visible:Ovit bin these few
days 'only two are to be geen.,-; fiat during the
whole time of their pi esencc they pursue 1t...-
4,zolar course, of Which the aspects are common
to tall.

When they first come in sight, Alter appearon
the Snit's border like a slenderthrttad In pro-
portion as' they advance towards the middle (tithe
disk, they appear, front .day to day, to euhirge in
the direction Of their movement. They then de- '
crease periodically ; and it they last long enough
to traverse the ‘vho!e disk, they go off by the op-
posite &At, inn rowing to a single thread. These
anpearallee •are eVi;leoily such as a small body,
adhering to a sdherie:ll sto face:and revolving with
or upon that surftee, must. prcsent. The diminu-
lion of the spots, iopi•opor.ion .as they - al)ptoxi-
m ate the boedurs of ihe results from this 4—
they then ptoject more obliquely, awl are only
seen sidewise ; but when in the: middle of the
disk they are' seen in their-fu ill extent. In fine,
ttpott com Paring the dirtection 'until rapidity ,of
their emit se, it ,60011 beCOllll'S evident, that the
supposition of: their' 'adhering to the hotly of
the Sun is the only admisSible one : that course
is _so steady, • that: when the same spot •has been
watchen for, several. days•, all ,he other posi-
tions which it may take may be predicted a:ith
e&teirtty. On thus tracing the route of all those.
which. appear, it is ascertained that they moved •
in critirses exactly. parallel, describing circles .
which all have their centre On a etmongn axis,
passing through the tentre of the Sun.' The s•ze
of these circles varies Ott different'. points•of tlse
-disk, according to the sante iaws, as on a:,spitetel
and the rate of movement is mod fled in such way,
that all the circles are run through in equal tittles.'
This perfect. concordance of tevoltition in spots •
sO changeable in other respects, so So
independent on each other, evidently shows that-
they must besittached to une and the sante round
body which makes them revolve altogether with a
common motion. Ilefice it'hass been cimeladed
;bat the Stun mewolvea npon,itself with the general
motion of these•spots, that is,• itt 25,dttys and a
half, in- like manner as our earth revolves' in 24,
hoom The sametalculation, applied to the spots
which have been disinvered on the•other plane's,
has in like Manner made Us acquainted with their
•
rotation.
As to the nature of these solar spots, it is abso-
,littely unknown. —Hersehell is of opinion, that
luminous cloutt4 float in the tuft oned atm.lsphere,
bf this star, us clouds of vapour float
He ittppUsei that the hotly of the• Son ins opaque
and dark ; and that the black spots observed there
at intervals are merely the -summits of vyry•ele-
vated mountains, which the solar clouds permit
us to see between their openings.. Other...;astro-
owners think that the globe of the Sun is on fire,
and that the spots are merely' immense scoria
launched on the surface of that mass. by.the ter-
rible explosions of which ourll tlearr‘evshtartiealvevioliczytobees
et.ures, it scents sufficient•
affordtltuughhtu
or
fa
these ble..
cp,ineititt;
et-
for 'us to know, that the solar spots are titling
compared with the immense mass Of that star ;
and that the eruptions of which they are perhaps
the effect take place at too. great is distance from
our earth to .produce the least effect upon it.—
Generally speaking, the physical state of our little
world is incomparably more stable and steady titan
its moral state.

ANCIENT 'ITOMB,.

The altar totnb, in: the Chapel of St. Mary's 1
Church, Shrewsbury, on which is a recumbent
figure of a K night in boked armour, cross-legged
with a lion couchant at his feet, ii,as removed from
thence into the, Chancel, on Friday last. On.
opening the ,grave, .filled with rubbish, anti. not,
far below the siirface some leg and thigh bones
and a skull were foundtogether, evidently belong-
ing to' two grown up persons and a child ; the
length of one pair of the thigh bones was 19
inchei, and of the kg bones 15 ; of
.another, the
thigh hones were -18 inches, and, the leg bones
14. On digging to the bottom, which, as well as
the sides of the grave, was a complete piece
of masonry, rather more thatilltree feet deep, a
tolerably perfect skeleton was discovered, wrap-
ped up in-leather, and, singukr to relate, with-
out a head, no appearance of which could be;
found ; the hands were crossed upon the breast;
,and the leather, considering the tiine it mot have
lain there, was very perfect. The coffin, with the
exception of some very small fragments adhering'
.to several Itfrge nails nearly 'consumed by rust,
had entirely mouldered away. • This headless ske-
leton was five feet three inches long; the thigh
bpines 19i inches, and the leg got us 16 inches. It
Was not disturbed, and the other banes, which
bad been taken out for the 'gratification of the
curious, several
,of whom were soon assetnhled,
were: afterwards put in 'again, and the grave
closed ttp.
Vat ions conjectures are hazarded respecting
this skeleton, some holding that it was •designed
for Hotspur, who was slain it the battle of Bat-
tlefield, and others that it'belOngs to Roger Ley-
lwrne, who, among the' Knights of/Shropshire,
in 1263, took up arms for Henry 111. against tit).
faction of the 1430 off Leicester.

on Tuesday forenoon, the body a a woman
named An Bucknel was found drowned in Bur-
gate at BOUM], under circumstances witich
oicite tt 9uspiciun of her having becemordeied,