The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-03 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 3, 1842.

confusion and war of words ensued. A Reverend I
Professor, on being charged with the offence of
" sneering," aptly replied that if he and his party did
"sneer," or " cheer" (for the distinction was not
made clear), " it was because they did not believe the
announcement." This added fuel to the flame, and when
the hisses subsided,the indignant orator, Dr. CANDLISH,
said, "our enemies, then, rejoice, because they believe
we are not honest men." Silence, which gives consent,
prevailed, till a fourth speaker arose, but his voice
was drowned amidst hisses and uproar. When on
the interference of the Moderator, the storm was
partially calmed, this Reverend Gentleman repelled
the insinuation. " I and my party," said he, " do not
believe the other party to be dishonest men ; but we
believe that as they have blundered fifty times already,
so they will go on from blunder to blunder, like
drowning men that would catch at anything to save
them." Loud hisses again resounded through the
sacred hall. It was, indeed, a scene which would
bring disgrace on any assembly, but in a
religious assembly it amounted to profanaticn.
" Beware," says the Sacred Volume, "of false pro-
phets, which come to you in sheep's clothing, but
inwardly they are ravenous wolves ; ye shall know
them by their fruits." We accordingly judge of
men, not by their words, but by their deeds,
and no better proofs could be required than
this disgraceful uproar, these fierce denunciations
against their brethren (whom Dr. CANDLISH called
" enemies"), and these insults to the most virtuous
and religious SOVEREIGN that ever ruled these realms
—no better proofs, we assert, can be required that
these men are not actuated by the true spirit
t,f Christianity. After a long contest, the offensive
motion was rejected, and a simple Address carried,
but not without deep regret, and that openly ex-
pressed too, that they did not shoW the spirit of their
fathers, the KNOXES and the MELVILLES. KNOX'S
rude treatment of the unfortunate QUEEN of SCOTS,
is well known. Did these men wish to follow the
example, lecture her MAJESTY iri her own Palace,
I and make her weep before all her courtiers?

There is no news of interest in the French Journals,
with the exception, perhaps, of the following ex-
tracts. On the question as to the probable effect of
the French ordonnance increasing the duty on Eng_
lish linens and threads, the Courrier Francais says :
The import duty on linen threads was for the first
time altered in 1841. The distinction which existed in
the tariff between certain descriptions of threads was
done away with, and an average duty of twelve
per cent. was imposed. The imports of linen threads
increasing in France with the demands of the
consumers, the complaints of the spinners recom-
menced, and, in order to satisfy them, the duty was
raised to 25 or 30 per cent. Foreign threads, how-
ever, are still imported into the country, for spinning
by machinery is not yet extensively established in
France, notwithstanding the stimulus of a duty almost
prohibitive, and our manufacturers must purchase
somewhere thg thread that our own establishments
cannot supply them with. During the month of July
1,319,600 kils. of linen thread were imported into
France, being double the quantity that we received in
July, 1841, when the duty was 12 per cent. This
fact proves what we have always affirmed—the per-
fect inutility, as far as protection is concerned, of
the ordonnance of June last. If there existed in France
spinning machines in sufficient abundance to supply the
linen-manufacturers, the new duty would undoubtedly
have acted on the jupply from England as a pro-
hibition ; but as this machinery does not exist here, or
at least exists in a trifling extent, it follows that the use
of English threads is a matter of necessity, and that the
duty of 30 per cent. established by the ordonnance, only
acts as a tax on the French consumer. The English,
therefore, may laugh at their ease at the ridiculous policy
adopted by the present Ministry.
The Augsburg Gazette states, from St. Petersburgh,
that the report of the defeat of the Russians in the Cau-
casus had been fully confirmed. The grand expedition
undertaken by General Grabbe, in the middle of June,
against the Lesghiens, in accord with Prince Tschernits-
cheff, but not with the commander of the isolated body
of the Caucasus, failed completely. This defeat is attri-
buted to the rashness of General Grabbe, who, being de-
sirous of striking a grand blow, would not listen to the
advice of the Circassian chiefs who accompanied him,
and advanced so far that, being suddenly attacked by the
enemy, he was obliged to fight his way through the de-
files, without being able to give his troops one moment's
repose for four days and nights. The loss of the Rus-
sians amounted to 6,000 men and 80 officers.

Early on monday morning the Duke de Nemours ar-
rived at Douai, on his way to the Camp. at Saint Omer.
Although no official notice of his passing through the
town had been given, the civil and military authorities,
and the National Guard, were in readiness to receive
him. On reaching the glacis the Prince alighted, and
advanced towards the authorities uncovered. Several
addresses were delivered to his Royal Highness, to which
he replied with great judgment, recommending union
and fraternity in maintaining the free constitution
of France, and thus enable the King to accomplish
the great task he had undertaken, and console him for the
severe blow which had so deeply hounded his heart,
and filled the whole country H ith grief. In reply to an
allusion to the Regency, made by the Colonel of the
National Guard in his speech, the Prince said he sin-
cerely hoped he might never be called upon to fulfil that
task ; but if it should be the will of Providence one day
to impose it upon him, all his care and exertions should
be anxiously devoted to insuring the freedom, prosperity,
and happiness, of the country, After conversing some
time with the personages by whom he was surrounded,
he passed along the lines of the National Guards and
troops of the garrison drawn up to receive him, speaking
to the officers and soldiers in kind and condescending
terms. He then took his leave, and continued his journey.
A letter from Berlin, of the 22d inst.. states that Ko-
nigsberg and the small town of Solzen are to be con-
verted into fortresses, and that the port of Memel is to
be protected from all attack by strong fortifications. The
old castles, in the small towns of Labrian, Ragnit, and
Neidenburg, are to be transformed into citadels.
BOURSE--Pants, WEDNESDAY, AUG. 31. _

. ,
First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French 5 per Cents 120 30... 120 30... 120 25... 120 25
4 per Cents 104 50... 104 50 .. 104 50... 104 50
3 per Cents 79 35... 79 40... 79 20... 79 20
Bank of France 3255 —.3255 ...3255 .. 3255
Laffitte Bank I,ooof 1035 ..1035 ...1035 ...1035
5,000 f 5042 50...5042 50...5042 50...5042 50
Belgian Bank 775 ... 775 ... 775 ... 775
Belgian Fives lO3 ... 103 ... 103 ... 103
1840 lO4 ... 104 N ... 104 ... 104
Spanish Active ......
Neapolitan lO7 20... 107 20... 107 ... 107
Roman

SUMMARY OF liE"tliS

AND

Vlttltc evintait,

" Who runs may read.'

rOREIGN.

There are in Frauce 1,329 public hospitals and
houses of succour, giving aid to 152,830 poor patients,
and 6,275 bureaux of charity, succouring 695,932
poor persons. The female religious establishments
give aid to 1,200,000 sick persons, and instruction, by
means of 10,371 teachers, to 620,950 children. The
Brothers of the Christian Doctrine, in number 2,136,
instruct 150,000. The number of teachers in the
primary schools amounts to 62,859. There are 15
deaf and dumb schools, and the number of blind pro-
vided for is estimated at 20,000.
The French Minister of Public Works has issued a
circular to the Council General of the departments,
recommending them to take into their consideration
the best means of preventing the recurrence of dis-
asters from inundations. The Minister has also com-
missioned M. Dumont, an engineer of the Ponts et
Chaussees, to take a tour through the north of Italy,
in order to study the system followed there in the
embankment of great rivers and streams, so as to ad-
vise the Administration how far it may be applied with
advantage in the valley of the Rhone.
The Madrid mail of the 24th ult. brings not a par-
ticle of news of interest to English readers.

sions will be immediately commenced, and ready for
occupancy early in 1843.

Numerous as are the departures at this season, the
houses are filled up nearly as fast. The reduction of
rent in September, being nearly half, greatly tends
to fill with bathers the houses which during July
and August were occupied by yacht's men now tired
of the sea, and engaged with the partridges. Ventnor
is also filling; the bathing is very much improved.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, FRIDAY EVENING.

The business in the Money Market to-day affords
hut extremely meagre materials for a report. Con-
sols opened at 924 for Money-, and 924 for
the Account, and each party operating alter-
nately in small amounts, kept prices steady,
and they finally left off at 921 924 for Money, and
924 93 for the Account ; India Stock, 248 250 ;
Exchequer Bills, Old, 51 53 ; New, 49 51 prem.
The prices of Foreign Securities were—Belgian,
1014 1021; Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 524
524 ; the Five per Cents., 102 1024 ; Danish, 834
841; and Brazilian, 644 654.
Some sales were forced in Mexican Bonds, and the
quotations were reduced to 334. The chief operator
was understood to be a party who is considerably in-
terested in the Corn Exchange. They subsequently
left off at 344 354.

The Share market showed no improvement—
London and Birmingham, 185 187 ; Birmingham
and Gloucester, 42 44; Great Western, 821 831;
the Half Shares, 65 651; South Western, 591 60 ;
North Midland, 56 58 ; the New Shares, 271 28k,
ex div. ; South Eastern and Dover, 218 22* the
Scrip, 31 31 ; Eastern Counties, 81 81 ; Northern
and Eastern, 371 381, ex div. ; Blackwall, 71 8 ;
and Brighton, 32* 33* per share.
The rates of Exchange were rather lower—Am-
sterdam being 12 6, 12 51; Rotterdam, 12 6 ;
Antwerp, 12 41; Hamburgh, 13 12, 13 114- ; Frank-
furt, 150* 1501 ; Paris, 25f. 75c., 25f. 80c ; Vienna,
9 551 9 56 ; and Lisbon, 521 521.
The quotations of the Bonds were—Peruvian,
15 16 ; Colombian, 201 201; Portuguese Five per
Cents., 341 35 ; the Three per Cents., 201 21 ;
Spanish Five per Cents. ex Coupons, 16 164; and the
Three per Cents., 20* 201.
(From The Sun of Last Night.)

The small amount of intelligence received as yet
from India has caused almost a total cessation of
business in the Funds this morning. Stock jobbers
and merchants are alike anxious for the detailed
accounts, and until they shall arrived operations
are suspended. Holders of Stock are 'firm, and con-
sequently the prices of Consols are 924 for Money,
and 93 for the Account, which is a shade above the rates
of yesterday. The transfer books are closed for Bank and
Three per Cents. Reduced Stock some bargains have
however, been made in the latter, at 93* with the
dividend ; Three-and-a=Half per Cent. Reduced,
1011; New Three-and-a-Half per Cents., 101 1011;
India Stock, 249 251; India Bonds, 34 36; Exche-
quer Bills, Old, 51 53 ; New, 49 51 prem.
In Foreign Securities, the business has been in the
Dutch Two-and -a-Half per Cents., at 52/, the Five
per Cents., 102/, both of which are lower than the
opening prices ; and in Danish at 831.
The quotation for Mexican is now 34, having
been as low as 331.
Transactions in Shares have been but limited, and
the market is generally dull. Great Western New
Shares, 60 601; South Western, 594 ; Brighton, 331;
South EaStern Scrip, 61; North Midland Thirds,
28 ; and Edinburgh and Glasgow, 49, include the
principal purchases to-day.
The Bonds quoted to-day are—Portuguese Five per
Cents., 34 ; the Three per Cents., 201; Spanish Five
per Cents., ex converted coupons, 16 ; the Three per
Cents., 20/, all for time.
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, SEPT. 1.-Our
Market to-day has been very flat, and' the only tran-
saction quoted is Edinburgh and Glasgow, 491.1 ls. Bd.
cum div.

CLOSING PRICES.
BRITISH FUNDS.
Rank Stock
3 per Cent. Red. ........ 93b Ditto Bonds .... 36 pm
3 per Cent. C0n5....
314 per Cent. Red 102 Ditto New Annuities...
New 3b per Cent... IOIS Ex. Bills, 1,000/....21 51 pm
New 5 per Cen', Ditto - 500/...... 51 pm
Long Annuities to expire Ditto Small ...... 51 pm
Jan. 1860 ...... 12 11-16 Bank Stock for Acct....
Oct. 1859
Jan. 1860 l2 7-16;Consols for Acct....... 92/

FOREIGN FUNDS.

Austrian, 5 per cent. —
Belgian, 5 per cent
Brazilian Bonds...

Portuguese, 5 per cent.
Ditto, New Ditto
Prussian,
.5 per cent.

Buenos Ayres 6 per cent. IRussian,'s pet cent...... 1124
Chilien, 6 per cent .. Ditto, Metallic ..... .. ....
Colombian, 6 per cent... Spanish, 5 per cent —
Ditto 1824 ,Ditto, Deferred.... . 94
Danish, 3 per cent 844 'French, 5 per ceat. —f. —e.
Greek, 1825, 5 per cent — i Exchange —f. —c.
Mexican, 5 per cent 344 French, 3 per cent. —f. —c.
Ditto, 6 per cent. 1637 Dutch, 24 per cent. 521
Peruvian, 1825, 6 per ct. Ditto, 5 per cent. .. ... 102/
SHARES.
Eastern Counties Railway (23 raid) ... gi
Ditto Debentures .. .... .... ..... .... ..... 10/ Gs 8d
Edinburgh and Glasgow (50 paid) ... 49
Ditto New Shares ( 3 paid ....
Great Western Railway (65 paid)
Ditto New Shares ( 50 paid)..
London and Brighton (50 paid ) ..
London and Blackwell ( paid) ...... ..... 74
London and Birmingham (90) .... ...
Ditto Quarter Shares (25 paid) 49
London and South Western (4116 s 10d pd) 594
North Midland Railway (100)
Ditto Half Shares (40 paid)
Paris and Rouen (18 paid)
South Eastern and Dover (50 paid).........paid)..........
Ditto Scrip (10 paid) ... 64
COURSE OF EXCHANGE—(YESTERDAY.
Amsterdam CF.I2 9 (Gibraltar ... ..
Ditto, at sight
I
Rotterdam ...2 U. 12 91 Genoa . ... 26
Antwerp
Hamburgh M.B. 13 15 Venice 47
Altona
Paris, 3 days' sight ... 25 65 Palermo, per oz 120
Ditto, 3 months 25 90 Lisbon
Marseilles
Bourdeaux 25 95 Rio Janeiro 26
Frankfort on Maine... 1514 Bahia ... 26
Petersburgh, 3Us ... 36i Buenos Ayres
Berlin
Vienna, effec. ft. 3 M 958 Philadelphia 46
Trieste, ditto
Madrid ...
Cadiz 364 Portugal Geld C0in...3 17 5
Bilbao 36 New Doubloons OO 0
Barcelona 'it; New Dollars 04 9/
Seville

HIGH PRICE OF BREAD.
Considerable attention having been lately directe
to the high price of bread in London, the following
remarks may, perhaps, be interesting : -
The price of bread in Paris is regulated by law,
according to a certain scale, deduced from the price of
flour of first and second qualities. The following is
the method of calculation adopted by the municipal
officers in fixing the assize of bread :
k The weight of a sack of flour is 159 kilogrammes
gross, or 157 kilogrammes net. This quantity is
estimated to yield 102 loaves of bread of the weight
of 2 kilogrammes each ; that is, it produces 204 kilo-
grammes of bread. The cost of manufacturing this
quantity of flour into bread, including the baker's
profit, is fixed by law at 1 lf. Taking, therefore,
the average price of flour, of first and second qualities,
in the Paris market, as shown by the last returns, at
66f. 50c. for the sack of 159 kilogrammes, to this add
1 if. for charges of manufacture, making 77f. 50c., and
divide this sum by 204, the number of kilogrammes
of bread to be made from this quantity of flour, and
we obtain 38c. for the price per kilogramme of bread
as fixed by the last return in Paris. This is the
price for bread of first quality ; the inferior is regu-
lated in a similar manner from-- the average price of
flour of lower qualities.
It is found, by making the proper allowance for dif-
ference of French and English weights, and the rela-
tive values of the two currencies of the country, that
38 cents. per kilogramme is equal to about 6d. ster-
ling for 41b. English weight avoirdupoise.
This, although a moderate price here, is very high
as compared with the ordinary price of bread in Paris.
Now, since the city of Paris is constantly supplied
with bread under these regulations, it is evident that
bread can be made from these data, and afford a
profit to the baker. It may, therefore, be seen at what
price bread could be now made in London after mak-
ing the necessary allowance for the difference in the
price of flour.
If 157 kilogrammes of flour makes 204 kilogram-
mes of bread, then 280 lb. of flour (the contents of an
English sack) ought to produce rather more than
363 lb. of bread.
Since 159 kilogrammes are equal to 3511 b. Eng-
lish, and it costs 11f. to manufacture this quantity
into bread, it must require about 7s. to manufacture
280 lb. of flour. _ _

The highest price of torn-made flour was quoted
last Monday, in Mark-lane, at 475. per sack (the
average as taken in France would be much lower) ;
add to this the cost of manufacturing into bread—say
75., we obtain 545. ; and dividing this by 363, the
number of pounds of bread which can be produced
from the sack, and we obtain less than 71d. for the
price of the 41b. loaf.
Perhaps the cost of manufacturing bread here may
be a trifle higher than in France • but it is probably
fully compensated by having used in the above calcu-
ation the highest price of flour instead of the average
price in the market.
By this calculation it is obvious that the public
have been paying a most extravagant price, and at-
tention has naturally been directed to the cause of the
evil. It does not, however, appear to require much
divination, and is easily traceable to the associations
formed among the bakers themselves for what they of
course call the " protection " of their own interests.
These associations, which have existed in almost every
district of the metropolis and the suburbs, regulate
the price of the loaf in accordance with the opinion of
the majority of the members, who will naturally
enough be anxious to get the most they can out of

their business. It will, therefore, at once be seen
that it is this sort of combination which has sustained
the price of bread against the great fall now quoted in
the value of grain, and which is likely still to inflict
serious injury upon the public unless remedial mea-
sures in the shape of an assize by the Mayor, or other
mode, be speedily adopted. The great and just cry
made against the high price of this chiefly-consumed
commodity has not in any great measure relaxed the
influence which these associations have over the trade,
who hold monthly and quarterly revelries out of the
fines they inflict on any of the refractory members
who may be disposed to serve the public at moderate
prices.
To show in its proper light how these associations
exercise their functions in regulating the price of the
loaf, two of the rules of one of them are extracted.
They particularly allude. to .the_question now under
consideration.

" Rule 7. That when a rise in the price of bread
is agreed upon at any general or special meeting, and
any member cannot from any just cause comply
with such rise, he shall give notice to the Secretary,
who shall immediately summon the Committee, and
they shall endeavour to remove the obstacle ; but,
should they be unsuccessful, they shall give notice to
the Secretary to call a general meeting as early as
possible.
" Rule 8. Should the neighbour of any member
fall his bread below the general price, such member
shall immediately give notice to the Secretary to call
a general meeting.'
So that, in fact, the argument which several of the
trade have set up in the letters they have addressed to
this journal—viz., that competition would work the
price to its proper level, is completely annihilated ;
for it is clearly perceptible that a concentration of the
trade, formed on the basis here described as an associ-
ation, could and would at any time destroy any tem-
porary opposition which might be started.
The two classes of the trade, the " high price " and
the " low price " bakers have, it is believed, distinct
and separate societies, all working to the same end
and effect. Hence it is evident, that though operating
in different channels, they have the required influence
on the general price—the rise or fall of one class
guiding the rise or fall of the other.—Time.i.