The Sun.
London, England, 1827-10-04 00:00:00

SPIRIT OP Tllt MbLit JOURNALS. I

It is gratifying to every real lover of his coun-!
try to observe the interest which his Royal High 4
mess the Duke of Clarence takes in re-animatingi
.the spirit and promoting the welfare of the navy.
It is the more gratifying, on account of the pre-
vious mismanagement or neglect which hadnearly
paralysed that arm of our national defence. l', •
is not long since we felt it our duty to expose!
the vicious system of patrona.ge which was de)
grading the service, and ,disheartening its ablesV
'officers, by preferring the recommendations- ofli
Parliamentary influence and family connection WI
the claims- of veteran bravery and estahlished
merit=but it was not merely the evils of this!
system of patronage that the gallant defendersi
of their country.had to endure.., There was
" -contumely of office," a pragmatical supercili-1
ousness which they had to encounter) that Per-1
haps:was. more sorely felt, as hying More galling'
to the spirit of honourable men, than even the'
deprivation of their hard-earned reward. Ho..t.
different are matters now ! Instead of a clerk or
secretary dispensing the smile of favoritism, or
the frown of cold disdain, as it suited his inte-
rests or his temper, the Heir PresumptiVe to the
Barone, in his station of -Lord High Admiral,
'receives personally every officer, from the highest,
to the lowest in the Navy, who haS any applica-I
tion to make, and receives them with an affabi-.
lity of address and kindness of !manner that win.
universal esteem and respect. What a contrast'
does his example exhibit to the?..riogance and cox-
:combry which the unpatronized veterans of the
greatest merit had long to endure from the under-.
ling's in office! But the condescending demean-
our which the Lord High Admiral observes to-
wards the subalterns of the Navy is not inoic
deserving of praise, than the ardent and unre-
mitting activity which lie displays in the personal
inspection of every thing connected with the ser-
vice, and the opportunities which he seizes of
.recalling the.recollections of
.that heroism which.
it is his pride and ambition to restore. Nothing,
could be done in a style better calculated to
make the impression which he desired than his
:speech, the other' day, on presenting the Royal
Marines with a pair of colours. His eloquence
aimed at no finery of rhetoric, but it had that
manly tone and-natural energy about it which is
'sure to gain the hearts of men. His Royal.
Highness did not disdain to, enuinerate, the ex-
ploits of that branch of the service which was
then arrayed,before him, or to acknowledge the
share which the predecessors of those whom liee
addressed had in the great and happy struggle
which " secured his family on the throne of
'these realms." Under such a chief, we have the
,greatest reliance that the British Navy will be
raised from the enfeebled and. mouldering state
into which it had fallen, and recover that spirit
and effectiveness which always, when the hour
of danger arrived, justified the enthusiastic con-
fidence of the. country. The Lord High Ad-
miral has only to proceed as he has begun, at-
tending personally to the arrangements of the
service, and exciting its heroism, and he will
soon repair the Mischiefs which a different sys-
tem would, 'in course of time, have rendered
•
irretnevable.—Morning
,Herald.

The Committee on Emigration from the Uni
ted Kingdom have published a third Report
which runs to considerable length, with a mas
of evidence obtained from all parts of the Unite(
Kingdoms. We insert to-day part of the Re
port, and shall give the conclusion, with some
parts of the evidence, in succeeding numbers.
It is admitted on all hands, that Ireland is the
root of all evil, and that all attempts to grapple
with the redundant population of England and
Scotland must be hopeless, till a remedy is ap-
plied to Ireland. The condition of the people
of Ireland and that of the people of Britain are
rapidly becoming identical ; and if we cannot
• contrive to raise the Irish population to the level
of the English;lthe English must descend to the
level of the Irish. Ireland then becomes the
point to which our attention must first be directed.
• And here the Committee state in the outset,
"that the evils of a population furnishing an ex-
. tees Of labour: above the dernands for it, contain
within themselves a self-producingand self-aggra-
vating principle; and that so long as no measures
are taken to - restrain them, they must not only
continue to exist and increase; but by their very
existence must prevent the introduction of that
capital, which,- if introduced, would diminish•the
redundancy, by establishing a greater equality
between the supply of,labour and the effective
demand. Under the present circumstances, the
opinion entertained of the insecurity of property,
in Ireland, arising-from the state of the popula-
tiOn, must operate as a most effectual discourage-
ment ; that is to say, no person will be disposed
to establish large manufactories, or to make
great agricultural improvements in a country
which has been, and may again be the scene of
insurrectionary movements . . . . A re-
ference both to the evidence before your Com-
mittee, and to the .eyidence already presented to
Parliament by the Committee appointed to con-
• cider the state (~f Ireland, will prove that many of
• the most alarming insurrectionary movements
have either originated • with ' tenants dispos-
sesSed of their farms, or have been mate-
, riallY aggravated in their extent and duration
by the discontent and wretchedness of this
• class of the population," &c. Mr. Malthus
estimates the population of Ireland at this time
at about' seven millions and a half. It is admit-
ted by all the witnesses, that a very large propor-
. tion of this population is • redundant. When
speaking of England, the redundancy may be
described as local, being chiefly confined to seven
:or eight counties. But in Ireland we must esti-
mate the redundancy by millions. The Com-
mittee state,. that " from the uniform tenor of
the evidence;given by the Irish witnesses, it ap-
pears that there is now among the Landowners
of Ireland a growing conviction (already almost
universal) of the mischief of the system of an
undeoenantry, and of the excess of population
which attends it. They are satisfied that the
best chance for the improvement of their estates,
and the amelioration •of the condition of the
people, is the removal of this grievance by the
• ejectment of that excess of tenantry under the
precautions which the late Act affords against its
recurrence. In many parts of'lreland, and those
obviously the most crowded, this process is con-
stantly and extensively in force, checked oplyii
some cases by motives.
_of, hifinanity, -and the
• dread of immediate disturbances of the peace.
The miserable beings thus dislodged, find them-
selves without resource or refuge. - ,They first
make an.attempt to establish themselves on the
next estate upon theaame footing ; if that expe-
dient fails, With the trifling pocu.mary,inean_
s de-
rived froni the remission of their rents, and the
sale of the stock which their landlord may relin-
quish, they proceed to the nearest bog, or to a,
neighbouringstoWn ; the little money acquired by
these means is „on.
scarce-
ly to'be obtained, and theentemployment is
most abject existence
is suppoit-e'd by the assistance of the establish-,