The Sun.
London, England, 1845-12-26 00:00:00

kt!'
ars - ,441_13*.

I ONDON, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 26, 1845.

Itis gratifying to find, amidst the general back-
sliding of our bishops in the cause of Protestantism,
and the defection of many clergyman to the Romish
Church, one bishop, at least, firm in his faith and
determined to maintain the great principles of the

Reformation. To that glorious revolution England
owes much of her present prosperity and her high
rank among the nations of the earth. It destroyed
the shackles of despotism ; it lessened the power
of kings, freed the mind, in a great measure, from
the thraldom imposed by a wicked, selfish, and un-
believing priesthood, and taught the people to look
to the Bible alone as the guide of their faith and
conduct. The Puseyites have been labouring
for years to undo all these great blessings ;
they have, by cunning, stealth, and every Je-
suitical scheme, been undermining the bulwarks
of the Protestant Church, and polluting the sources
whence all the established clergy and aristocracy, and
a vast majority of the middle classes, draw their lite-
rary knowledge, as well as their principles of belief.
The Bible and the Reformation are alike slighted
or condemned ; the traditions of the fathers and the
inventions of priests and designing men are preferred
to the great truths inculcated in the former, and the
latter is denounced as a great crime, from the dire ef-
fects of which nothing can save the nation but speedy
repentance and the adoption of the tenets laid down
as perfect by the infallible representative of ST. PETER.
The Roman Catholic Church is regarded as the only
pure church, and all the sects that have sprung from
the Reformation, including the Lutherans, the Eng-
lish Protestants and Presbyterians, and Dissenters of
every denomination, are denounced as Heathens and
unbelievers. For a time this Jesuitical sect retained
its position in the Church and the two Universities,
spreading its baneful influence around, and receiving
large stipends and salaries, appropriated only for Pro-
testants; but latterly the more scrupulous of the party
have become, from the universal indignation of the
public, ashamed of their perjury, and have openly
gone over to the Church of Rome. Large numbers,
however, still remain, acting on the principle, that it
is justifiable to do evil that good may come. Many
of our bishops are infected by the new doctrines, acid
have been striving by the most deceitful prac-
tices to bring over the people by degrees,
and pave the way for the full establishment of the
Catholic religion throughout England. The late ad-
dress of Dr. PErys, Bishop of Worcester, to the can-
didates for holy orders in his diocese, comes therefore
very appropriately at the present time, and forms a
striking contrast to the vague, timid, and we fear
Puseyite pastoral letters and addresses of such wa-
verers as the Archbishop of CANTERBURY, and
the Bishops of LONDON and EXETER. He leaves no
doubt whatever on the subject. He asserts, and
proves, by quotations from Catholic works and the
Thirty-nine Articles, that the doctrines of the
Puseyites are at direct variance with the reformed
religion, and the sacred oaths taken by such men as
PUSEY, and NEWMAN, and WARD. These
men, not only put tradition on an equal
footing with Scripture, but they give it a pre-
cedence, because the doctrines which it conveys
is derived from the Founder of our religion, while
those contained in the latter have no better
authority than the writings of the Apostles.
The sixth article, in which the Puseyites
expressed their firm belief at their ordination,
contradicts this dogma, as he justly asserts, in the most
express and emphatic language. In like manner he
goes through the leading tenets of Romanism, and
shows that they are at utter variance with those of
the Reformed Church. The address altogether we
recommend to the attention of our readers, because it
cannot fail to produce a beneficial effect, and, as a proof,
has already excited the dire anger of a morning Con-
temporary, notorious for its hatred of liberty and the
noblest institutions of the country.

The protest of the Brazilian Government, which we
printed at length yesterday, against the recent Act,
empowering our Admiralty Courts to adjudicate
Brazilian slavers, seized by our cruisers, has come by
no means unexpectedly ; nor can we say that the
Brazilian Government protests unreasonably. The
Act in question was passed at the end of last session,
in a hurry, azainst the strong remonstrance of Sir
Tuossas WILDE. Sir THOMAS 'Mixes opinion has
been confirmed by the recent decision of the Judges
in the case of the Exeter prisoners. The gist of the
protest is the point urged by Sir T. WILDE, and
affirmed by eleven of the Judges against two,—that
an agreement by treaty on the part of the Brazilian
Executive that Brazilian subjects carrying on the
slave-trade shall be deemed and treated as pirates is
not sufficient, without an Act of the Brazilian Legis-
lature, making the carrying on of the slave-trade
piracy, and liable to the punishments of ordinary
piracy, and punishable by English tribunals, to justify
interference by our Courts with Brazilian subjects or
their property.
Fiat justitia, ruat ccelum. Deeply as we should
deplore any diminution of power to suppress the slave-
trade, we are bound to discountenance any illegal
exercise of power ; and, in admitting the reasonable-
ness of the important protest of the Brazilian Govern-
ment, we are no more justly open to the charge of
abetting the abettors of the slave-trade, than, when
we recently justified the reprieve of Mr. PALMER'S
murderers, we could have been supposed to be insen-
sible to the cold-blooded atrocity of their conduct,
or to the sad, untimely fate of a brave and meritorious
young officer.
The terms of the convention with Brazil for the
suppression of the slave-trade are thus correctly and
clearly stated :
"By Art. 1 of the convention, concluded between
Brazil and Great Britain on the 23d of November, 1826,
and ratified on the 13th of March, 1827, it was agreed
that, from and after the expiration of three years from
the date of the exchange of the ratifications, it should
be no longer lawful, ender any pretext or in any manner
whatsoever, for Brazilian subjects to be concerned in the
carrying on of the slave-trade, and that the carrying on
of the slave• trade after that period, by any subject of
his Imperial Majesty, should be considered as piracy.
" By Art. 2 of the said convention the high contract-
ing parties agreed to renew, as effectually as if the same
wore inserted word for word in the convention, the seve-
ral articles and pros isions of the treaties concluded be-
tween his Britannic Majesty and the King of Portugal
on this subject, on the 22d of January, 1815, and on the
28th of July, 1817, and the several explanatory articles
which had been added thereunto.
" One of the conventions thus adopted and renewed
by Art. 2 of the convention of 1826, having been that
of the 28th of July 1817, which established the right of
visit and the mixed commission, and one of the expla-
natory articles likewise adopted and renewed by the
aforesaid convention of 1826, having been the separate
article of the 11th of September, 1817, by which the
right of search and the mixed commissions were to
cease after the expiration of fifteen years from the date
of the abolition of the slave-trade, it is evident
that the right of visit and search exer-
cised in time of peace, by the British cruisers
against Brazilian ve;sels, and the mixed com-
missions established for the adjudication of prizes made
by British cruisers, or by Brazilian cruisers, expired on
the 13th of March, 184.5, the period at which were com-
pleted the fifteen years subsequent to the total abolition
of the slave-trade, conformably to article 1 of the con-
vention of the 23d of November, 1826, which was
ratified on the 13th of March, 1827."
The right of visit, and the mixed commissions
established by treaty, ceased on the 13th of March
last; and all that remains is the agreement of' the
Emperor of BRAZIL that it shall be unlawful for his
subjects to carry on the slave-trade, and that if they
do, they shall be treated as pirates—which agree-
ment of itself is worth just nothing. We do not
suppose for one moment that the Brazilian Govern-
inent, when it became a party to the convention of
1826, intended that it should thus come to
nothing, any more than we suppose that the
English Government made that treaty, with its
eyes open to the insufficiency of treaties for law-
making. Possibly the expiry of fifteen years without
the two contracting parties being able to agree as to
the machinery for carrying out the abolition of the
slave-trade was never contemplated. However, so it
: unforeseen difficulties have arisen, and the 13th
of March, 1845, has arrived without any new provi-
sions being agreed upon ; and we are now left with

only article lof the convention—a fine-sounding de-
nunciation of the slave•trade—and nothing to rely on
for rendering the denunciation effective except the
good faith of the Brazilian Executive in pressing its
Own Legislature, and willingness of the Brazilian
Legislature to give legislative effect to a treaty made
by the Brazilian Government.

The sanction of the Brazilian Legislature was
given to the right of visit, and to the courts of mixed
commission, established under the treaty of 1826.
But the Act of last session, giving jurisdiction to our
Admiralty Courts, was passed, not only without the
sanction of .he Brazilian Legislature, but even without
the consent of the Brazilian Government. Well may
the Brazilian Government taunt ours with inconsis-
tency, in a sentence of the protest, which seems to
us unanswerable :—" If England had considered
herself authorised by Art, 1 to capture and adjudi.

cate in her courts Brazilian subjects and vesselsil
engaged in the traffic, she would not have sought to
obtain by Articles 2,3, and 4, special authority to
visit, search, and capture, the said vessels ; to have
them adjudicated upon by mixed commissions, and
various other measures in the like sense." Sir
ROBERT PEEL disregarded Sir THOMAS WILDE'S
objections, and relied on the counter-opinion of his
own Attorney-General, whose opinion, he is pro-
bably satisfied now bears about the same relation of
value to Sir THOMAS WILDE's as Mr. Baron PLATT'S
which, at the time, fortified the Attorney-General's,
does to that of the assembled Judges.
Though we cannot, in the absence of an Act of the
Brazilian Legislature, adopting Art. 1 of the con-
vention of 1826, legally proceed to treat Brazilian
slave. traders as pirates, and though we cannot make
the Emperor of BRAZIL responsible for the failure of
the Brazilian Legislature to pass such an Act, by
treating it as a easus belli, we are still entitled to
claim the exercise of all the influence of the Brazilian
Executive to get such an Act passed ; and it is but
just to say that the Brazilian Government does not
seek to repudiate this claim. After protesting in the
strongest terms against our late legislation, the
Brazilian Minister proceeds :
" Nevertheless, the Imperial Government preferring
to all other considerations the noble sentiments ofius-
tics and philanthropy, by which in all its acts it is ani-
mated and guided, will continue to employ all its efforts,
in accordance with the laws of the country, for the sup-
pression of the slave-trade ; and the Imperial Govern-
ment earnestly desires that the Government of her
Britannic Majesty may accede to an agreement which,
whilst it respects the interest of the legal trade of
Brazilian subjects, may obtain the desired end of causing
that commerce to cease, the existence of which is de-
plored and condemned by all enlightened and Christian
Governments."

We believe that our own commercial legislation
has been the chief difficulty which the Brazilian Exe-
cutive has hitherto had to contend with in the Bra-
zilian Legislature ; and that the future settlement of
this question rests more with our President of the
Board of Trade than with our Foreign Secretaries.
Many proofs have been lately furnished by the Bra-
zilian Legislature of their disgust at our persevering
proscription of Brazilian sugar. The slave-trade
question was indeed in a fair way of settlement in
1841, when Lord PALMERSTON left the Foreign-
office; and the policy of the new Government with
respect to the sugar duties in 1842—when the
insidious, and, as it has proved, illusory distinction
between slave sugar and other foreign sugar—changed
the dispositions of the Brazilian Government to nego-
tiate, and everything was unsettled. Free commercial
intercourse with Brazil would be an infinitely more
effectual means of promoting the cause of humanity
in that country, than treaties powerless against a war
of tariffs.

We have received Madrid journals of the 17th
and 18th. With the exception of the appoint-
ment of Committees to draw up the Address, in
reply to the QuERN's Speech, no business was done
in the Cortes. In the Senate all 'the members of
the Committee were supporters of Government, and
in the Chamber of Deputies only one, Senor SEIJAS,
belonged to the Opposition. The other Members
were ALCALA GALIANO, BRAVO MURILLO, MUNOZ
MALDONADO, LUIS ARMERO, BENAVIDES, and J.
CASTRO.

On the 18th the Funds were not so firm. The
Three per Cents. closed at 39, and the Fives at
234, both for the account.

The accounts received in Paris, on Wednesday, of
the failure of Lord JonN RUSSELL to form an admi-
nistration, and the recal of Sir ROBERT PEEL, pro-
duced a favourable effect on the stock and share-
market at the Bourse. The Three per Cents. ad-
vanced from 81f. 95c. to 82f. 20c., and the Fives to
about the same amount. Most of the railway shares
also closed better. Owing to, the severe weather and
a heavy fall of snow in the north of France, the Lon-
don papers of Monday had not reached Paris. The
storm on Monday night was very severe, and on
Tuesday morning came on a hurricane, accompanied
with a heavy fall of hail and much lightningand thun-
der. The Journal des Debats, however in the absence
of precise intelligence, takes for granted that Sir
ROBERT PEEL is the only man that can forma Ministry.
Most of the other papers contain articles on the
Ministerial crisis, but they are without interest.
The proposition of the Minister of Commerce for
reducing the import duty on iron has been the sub-
ject of deliberation in the Chambers of Agriculture,
Manufactures, and Commerce ; and on Monday
they met especially for that purpose. The following
is an outline of the proceedings, as stated in the
papers :—" The proposition effects two interests, the
maritime and the metallurgical. The councils, from
the commencement of the discussion, were unanimous
in admitting the necessity of placing the merchant
shipping in as favourable a position as possible. The
question, therefore, under discussion was merely to
ascertain the best means of aiding the merchant
shipping. In the last session M. BERRYER had pro-
posed as an amendment to the Customs' Bill, to grant a
premium of 15f. for every 100 kilos. of iron employed
in maritime constructions. This amendment had
been rejected by a small majority. It was again
taken up in the three councils by MM. C. DUPIN and
DARELAY. The first-named gentleman proposed to
increase the amount to 20f., whilst the second,
though adverse to the principle in the abstract, pre-
ferred it to the present system, which the Govern-
ment seemed inclined to favour. M. TALABOT also
declared himself willing to support the system of
premiums, but he desired at the same time that other
measures should be adopted to insure freight to mer-
chant ves-els, and wished to see the transport of coal,
tobacco, and some other articles, restored to the
French flag. The seaports, represented by M. Cuustc, of
Havre, M. BETTING DE LANCASTEL, of Nantes, and
M. Ducos, of Bordeaux, gave the preference to the
free admission of foreign iron, and thought that the
system of premiums offered grave inconveniences.
M. ORTOLAN, of Toulon, was of the same opinion,
and wished to see the admission extended to the con-
structions of the military marine. M. Ducos, of the
Gironde, went further, and demanded a complete mo-
dification of the entrance duties on iron. M. HORACE
SAY supported the same side of the question, appeal-
ing to the principle of commercial liberty. M. Durtri
again addressed the Council in opposition to the argu-
ments of the last speaker. Messrs. VINTRY,
SCIINEIDER, and LEGENTIL, were also heard. The
custom is, in the meeting of the three Councils, to
have no vote in common, each voting separately.
The second meeting is to take place on Monday next,
when the first question on the order of the day is to
be the discussion on iron proper for the fabrication o
steel."

The accounts from Algiers are said to be favourable,
and some anticipate the speedy capture or death of
ADD-EL KADER. According to a letter in the Consti-
tionnel, his lieutenant, Bou MAZA, has been killed, not
by the French, but by one of the Arab tribes. The
following particulars are given, but we are not in-
clined to place much credit in them :

' The mail from Oran brings us an important piece of
news, viz., that the real Bou Maza has been killed. The
details are wanting, but one point appears certain, that
we took no part in this event, and that the famous
preacher perished by the hands of the Fittas. The war-
riors of this great tribe, it is said, seeing themselves
surrounded by our columns, and feeling great irritation
against Bou Maza, who was preparing to quit them, tell
on him and deprived him of life. Other persons attri-
bute this act to the jealousy of Abd-el•Kader, who
never acknowledged the chief as his emissary. However
he may have perished, his death will give the finishing
blow to the insurrection of the centre. The amen is de
mended from all sides, and it is not granted on easy
terms ; guns and horses are inexorably demanded from
the supplicants. M. de Bourjolly, appointed lieutenant-
general, returns to France, and in consequence the com-
mand of the column of Mostaganem has been conferred
on Colonel Pelissier. The fine weather favours our
expeditions, and it is probable that before the rains '
commence all shall be restored to order. A long respite
„•ill then be given to prepare, according to circum-
stances, for the invasion of Morocco or the conquest
of Jurjura."

" According to the accounts from Algiers of the 17th
instant, Abd el.Kader does not appear to have advanced
far into the interior of the provirce of Orleansville. On
_ _ .

the 11th he was encamped at 10 or 12 leagues from that
place, On the 12th, learning that Colonel St. Arnaud
had arrived with his column in the night, the Emir re-
treated with his goum towards the south,"

We subjoin ►miscellaneous extracts from the

papers :—:

" Their Majesties received on Monday evening the
Neapolitan Ambassador, the Portuguese Minister, Mar-
shal Soult, the Ministers of Justice, War, Finances,
and Commerce, the Count de St. Aulaire, Count Charles
de la Tour du Pin, Viscount de St. Priest, General Bau-
drand, Fabvier, and de Chabannes, M. Barthe, and M.
Liadi eras.

" Count de Percy Monchamps, the last representative