The Sun.
London, England, 1842-07-04 00:00:00

ASSURANCE COMPANIES.

2,000 3/10s Albion 5OOl. sh. 501. pd CO
50,000 I 6 er cent
Ind 15..1 Allianceßritish &Foreignlool.sh. IU. pd 3:314
51,000 6 per cent. Ditto, Marine lOOl. sh. 51. pd 554
21,00(1 11. per sh. Atlas 5O/. sh. Si. pd 144
1,20015 h. 5/, Birmingham fire 2501. sh. 55/. pd 10734
20,000 4/. per cent. British Fire 2501. sh. 50/. pd 41
12,000 61. per cent. British Commercial 5Ol. sh. 5/. pd 6
5,000 51. per cent. Clerical & Medical Life, 100/.611.2110s pd 634
4,000 1010 s County lOO/. sh. 10/. pd 10
4,000 55. Eagle
m"''n
asnpde
3roclebnlt... Economic Life
1 1600/. sh. 250/. pd 406
2,271 225. per cent. European LI 'O/. gh. all pd 22
50,000 2s. Ditto, New W. sh. 21. pd 11,
1.100,000/. f Lper ct Globe Stock 125
20,000 51* Guardian
30,000 45. Od. Hope 5O/. sh. 51. pd A
2,400 5/. 125.6 d. Imperial Fire 5OOl. sh. 50/. pd 140
7,500 10s. fd. Imperial Lite lOOl. sh. 10/. pd 11U
13,459 5/. per cent. Indemnity Marine .... ..... lOW. sh. St. pd 32
2.020 SI 105 Kent Fire 'ash. all pd 91
3/. Ditto Life 5Ol. pd
10,000 25s Law Life lOO/.lh. 10/. pd 33
5,000 16s. London, Fire 25/. sh. 12/. 105. pd 17
3,900 101. London, Ship ...»....251. sh. 12/. 10s. pd 17
1.0110,000/. .... .... Minerva Life lOW. sh.
25,000 5/. per cent. National Loan Fune.... 201. sh 21. 10:. pd 2
30,000 51. per cent. Palladium Idle 50/. sh. '2l. pd
50,000 51. per cent. Protector IHe 20/. sh. 2/. pd 1930 d
10,000 4 per cent. Protestant Dissenters .... KO/. sh. 5/. pd 534
9,500 11. Provident Lite lOO/. sh. 101. pd 20
200,000 4s. Od. Rock Life
89,220/ U. per c.st. Royal Exchange Stock 170
6,000 5 per cent. University Life 100/. sh. 5/. pd 11
10,000 4 per cent. United Kingdom Life 1001. sh. Si. pd
....- __ . , _

- . .
JOINT STUCK BANKS.
25,000 Agric. and COM. of lrel and2sl. sh. 10!. psi
15,000 8 per cent. Australasia 401. sh. 40/. pd 521
10,000 10 per cent. Bank of Birmingham 50/. sh. 10/. pd 131)4
10,000 141 per cent. Birmingham Bank 501. sh. 10/. pd 13
39,000 6 per cent. London & Westminster 1001 eh. 201. pd 22
60,000 5/. London Joint Stock 50/. sh. 10/. pd le%
3,000 4 per cent. Lancaster 100!. eh. 201. pd SO
25,000 10 per cent. Liverpool 1001 sh. Nit pd 19
50,000 7g percent, Manchester and Liver ] 504 sh. 151
per
pool Dis:onnt - 1934
20,000 7 per co: t. Manchester IOW. sh. 10/. pd 444
20,000 8 per eent. Provincial Bank of Irelandlool. sh. 25/. pd 49).
10,000 6 per cont National Bank of Ireland 50/. sh. 1711. pd 1634
10,000 6 per cent National Provincial Eng.loo/, sh. 35/. pd 25%
10,00 e Ditto New.... 10t sh. 101. pd 10
10,000 Gloucestershire .50/. eh. 10!. pd 32
6,000 10 per cent. Hampshire 5O/. sh. 5/. pd 9%
GAS LIGHT AND COKE COMPANIES.
2,500 16s Od Bath 201. sh. 16/. pd 22
5,000 British 40/. sh. 16/. pd 19%
a,„,,,, fsl.percent.l Ditto Provincial 2OL sh. 19/. pd VI
"v" /and 138. 6s.
928 51 10s Birmingham 5O/. sh. 101
4,250 21 Os Bristol . 901. sh. 26
2,250 31 lOs Brighton 2Ol. sh. 14
750 31 10a Ditto, New 'Ol. sh 18/. pd 9
2,471 4* per cent Brighton General 2O/. sh. all pd 91%
4,000 7!.195. Continental Consolidated ....751. 6::.11.pd 110
1,000 101. City of London.. ....... ....100/. sh. all pd 195
1,000 ' 61. Ditto, New lOOl. sh. 751. ?,(1 Ito
4,000 31.05. Equitable 5(11. pd 20
10,000 3/. per cent. Imperial 5ll/. sh. :0
800 5/. per cent. Isle ol Thanet 251. sh. 20/. pd 19
2,350 (3/. per cunt. Independent 90/. ab. all rk 56
9,000 51. per cent. Phoenix 5O/. A. 39/. pd 130%
1,000 4/. per cent. Ratcliff lOOl. sh. 80/. pd 6.1,
4,000 South Metropolitan 50/. sh. 2334/. pd 17%
9,000 51. per cent. United General 501. sh. 471. pd 30
240 5/. per cent. Warwick 501. sh. 50
400 5!. per cent Wakefield
2,000 Si. Westminster Chartered
6,00 12s. Ditto New 5ll. ;Is. 10/. pd 11%
780 3 per cent. Yarmouth 2Ol. sh. 181. pd
WATER WORKS
4,800 345, Birmingham 25' sh. 1.'5/. pd 21
4,433 71. East London 100/. sh. 179
5,500 2/ 18s. Grand Junction Average 41/. In. 4(1. sh. 6 J
2:000 2/. Kent 100/. sh. 52 %
372 101. Liverpool Bootle 2201. sh. 325
1,500 2110 s New River London Bridge Water Ann.., 00
6,486 21 lOs Manchester and Salford... ....... .100/. sh. 54
1,000 5 per cent, South London 100/. sh. 98
8,294 4il. West Middlesex Average 631.1125. 93. sh. 96
1,360 1114 s York Building Co. Lessee Prop. 1001. sh. 36
IRON RAILWAYS.
6,300 21. Os. Birmingham and Derby .... lOO/ pd 50
9,500 3 pea cent. Birmingham and Gloucester 100/. pd 52
15,000 4 per cent. Pristol and Exeter 1001. sh. 70 pd 43
7,500 ........ Cheltenham& G. Western ...100/.sh. 80/. 56X
3,004 ........ Clarence 1001. sh. 1001 pd 20
8,000
60,110 e Ea:tern Counties 25/. *h. 23/, pd 8%
10,000 5 per cent. Great North of Englandlool. sh. 100/, pd 81.
10,918 12 per cent. Grand Junction lOOl. sh, all pd 189
25,5100 4 per cent. Great Western 100/. sh. 651. pd 87
25,000 3 per cont. Ditto New • 50!. sh. 501. pd 6114
2.000 8 per cent. Hartlepool 100/. sh. 100/. pd 145%
8,000 Hull and Selby 5Ol. sh. 50/. pd 40
2,100 4 per cent. Leeds and Selby 100 sh. 65
5,1(10 10 per cent. Liverpool& Manchester 104 Lsh. 1001. pd 18.954
7,908 10 per cent. Ditto Half Shares 5O/. pd 91
11,495 10 per cent. Ditto Quarter Shares "5/. pd 45
93,000 London and Brighton 50/. sh. 501 pd 3514
24,000
20,000 3 per cent. London and Greenwich ...20/. sla. 201. pd 6
NS. 25,000 '9l per sh. London & Birmingham 1001.511.901. pd 177
25,000 -21. 7s rd. Ditto Quarter Shares ....25/. sh. 51. pd 31
Av. 13/. 15s. 9d. 1.,5i
31,250 31. 's. 4d. Ditto New Shares .32/. sh. 32/. pit 31
33,4100 London and Croydeni 124 i
45,200 3 per sh. L d
13,000 41. per sh. Manchester and Leeds...loo/. sh. 104 pd 8'
13,000 ..... .... Ditto Half Shares 501. 304 pd 1,3y2
10,000
, Ilia° Extension
oDnitoton aneiwi
Scrip....
neps.t.e Av. 43/,155. Od. 60
71. IA 2
10,000 2/.108. Midland Counties • 00/. *h. 1001 pd Wks
15,000 2/. Os. North Midland 5.0/. sh. 100/ pd 82%
1/.103 Ditto New 40/. rd SOA
10,256 1/.los. Northern and Eastern.... 501. sh 451. pd 39),
'2,800 Preston and Wyre 5O/. sh. not. pd :its
16,000 4 per cent. South Eastern and Dover
1,000 10t. per cent. Stockton and Darlington lol2.sh. 285
9,000 Thames Haven 50/. sh 51. pd
6,000 10/. per cent. York and North Midland 50 , sh. 50/ pd 90
MINES.

8,000 Albion Copper
4,000 11. ss. Alien l5l. sh 121 il ipd 136
10.000 ...,.... Anglo Mexican,iss. 5/. pm.lool. sh. iv i d 2
Ditto Subscription 05/ t.tl 2%
2,060 Bolanos l5Ol. sh nll p,i 4%
10,000 11. lOs Brazilianlmp. iss. 5/. pm 25/.sh. 21/ pd 9
6,000
11,000 Ditto St. John Del Rey ...201. sh. 141. pd 154
10,000 Xolivar Copper Company, 20/. sb. VOL pd 1
10,000 Ditto Scrip lOl. sh. 101. lid 2
20,000 British Iron lOO/, oh. 701. pd 8
,000 British Copper 5/. sh. 40. pd 1%
Cal Br.inca 6{l. pd 5%
Candonga 7ll. pd 5
10,000 I 1 Ccipiapo ....... ............201. sh, 13/. pil 0
8,500 ......... Columbian, iss. st. pm....55/.sh. 551. pd 1
2,850 Isl. English
20,000
6,155
3,038 ......... Polbcrou Consols ~ lO/. sh. 84 pd 4
11,500 ..... .... Real del Monte, Unregistered 2/34
Ditto Loan Note' l5O/. pd 50
30,000 ' .....,... United Mexican, iss. 2 pni. 40/. sh. all pd 1%
MUG Scrip l%
Ditto New Scrip 41 Td4
West Cork 5O/. sh 50/. pd 38
LrrER Ala INSTITUTIONS.
1,000. ...... ... iv.ondon, with Bronze Ticket ...75gs.ah. 13
1,500 London University lOO/.311. all pd 7
700
King' College lOOl, 19%
MISCELLANEOUS.
10,000 355. Australian Agricultural.loo/.'sh 281 pd 33
6,1'00 1. percent, British American Land Company 351/. pa 9
10,060 61. per cent. Canada Company 1001. oh. 321!. pd 30
)0.000 .51. per cent. Upper Canae,.a Loan ........................ 82
i'',3ty Bonds, 4 pGr cent ....... . . ~.,
20,000 1/. Os. G eneralSteam Navigation 151..14,14/. pd 24%
101. per cent. H, ulson's Bay Stock - .......................
1/. Lor'dOn Com. Sale Rooms ....Av. 75/.. s'h
Cam. tchoue Company 120. pd 12%
pd 12
5,287 4/. per cent.
3:
Nneevweir:riounnasrwyiclkotl...asnodc.C..oimoopia. zhy 0/ 1.
pd
959.,6 1 5/. per cent. Ditto New
. lOOl. ob. 1004 pd 107
,00., Thames Tunnel ...... 50/. sh. all pd 7
10,000 de. Van Diekner.'s Land.... 100/. eh. 19/. pd 10

LIST of SCOTTISH COMPANIES' PRICES
JUNE 25. 1842.
BANKS.
1,000,0001. 61. P. Cl. Burk of 5c0t1and...831.40. M. oh .all NI 154
4000,0001 Cl. p. ct. Royal of Scotland 100/.sh, all pd j 55
500.000/. 8/. p. ct. British Licen Company 1001. sh. all pd goy
0.,5,,00.0001. 71. p. ct. Commxcial 5001. sh. 1001. pd I,CO
''',l)(*g• 6n. et. National ..................... 10C1. oh. 101. pd 14
500.0001. 81. p. ct. Glasgow Union 2501. oh. 504 pd .75
1,000,0001. 6p; et. Western of Scotland NO!. sh 401. pd 08
250,0005 h. el 2O/. sh. 1/. pd 24s Od.
inn7',„.s9°, top. Cl. Here, Iles ........... .. ........ 10(11. oh. 10/. pd 123,
. v.
ct.
INSURANCE CuEniConOMPA NIES.
•ziaz, 10 p. ct. Insurance Co. of Scotland .10/. ch. all pd 9
*"'""" 10 P. ct. North I. ritish ..... .. ............. sh. 10/. pd io
1,000 10 p. ct. Caledonian Fire 100!. oh. 104 pd 20
5'030 10 P. ct. Edinburgh Lae lOO4 sh. 10/. NI 15
100,000 31 p. et. West of Scotland lO/. pd
MISCELLANEOUS.
4,818 .... Edin. and Was. Un. Canalso/. oh. all pd In
Ditto Allocated .................... oh. all pd 42%
1125,40( fi per cent. Edinb. Joint stock Water.2s/. oh all pd 34
103°50 24 per cent. Shotts. Iron hounderr ......50/. oh 48/ pd 86
0,000 3 per cent. Edinburgh St Leith UIaSONOI.BII. lfit pd 3%
4,500 10 per cent. Edinburgh Coal aas 25. all pd 50
k 450 10 per cent..
Glasgow Gas .........•. 251. oh. all pd 52
4° 7i Per cent* Leith Coal Gas ........ .......... eh. all pd 25
1.154 ........ Edinburgh and Dalkeithdeiway 501. oh 30

A NEW RACE.-At a meeting of the Royal Geo-
graphical Society on Monday, Mr. Murchison, the Chair-
man of the evening, stated that a gentleman employed by
Government in ascending the river Juba, in Africa, from
east to west, had fallen in with a considerable tract of
country, inhabited by a race
of pigmies, not exceeding
four feet in height, with very curious views of religion
and Govern ment, and exactly resembling the type of
Herodotu3.--Brighton Gazette.

THE LATE M. CALOMARDE,
MINISTER OF GRACE AND JUSTICE.

This celebrated Spanish Minister, whose death the
Paris papers have just announced as having taken
place, at his retirement in Toulouse, is chiefly notice-
able for the very conspicuous and decided part which
he acted at that time when the present Queen Chris-
tina, having intermarried with Ferdinand the Seventh,
used her strongest efforts to obtain the passing of the
Pragmatic Sanction.* M. Calomarde, then Presi-
dent of the Council, was chiefly instrumental in its
abrogation, which appears for the most part to have
taken place by his advice and concurrence. As this
scene, in which he was the prominent actor, will tell
best to his memory, and present a picture of him as a
firm, decisive, and bold character, we proceed to
draught out a relation of the circumstances.
At the time that Grijalva was in the ascendant,
and the King, waning in years, had just espoused
himself to the present ex-Queen of Spain, now
spending her days at the Court of Louis Philippe, that
Minister made his appearance in the office of the
Secretary of State for Grace and Justice, over which
M. Calomarde presided, with private message from
the King, directing the head of that department to
send up the records of the Cortes of 1789 regarding
the Succession. These papers having been sorted out,
in consonance with this order, M. Calomarde took
them himself to Ferdinand. The King retained
them in his possession for nearly a fortnight, when he
returned them to M. Calomarde, with a marginal de-
cree written upon them in his own hand, ordering
their publication. M. Calomarde remonstrated upon
the inexpediency of the measure, " Sir," said he, ad-
dre.Aing the King, "this measure is one which, above
all others, will tend to encourage the Revolutionists, who
are at this very moment actively engaged in conspira-
cies." Nevertheless the King persisted, and with a
degree of warmth directed his resolutibn to be carried
into effect.

M. Calomarde was accordingly forced to bend to
this command ; he forwarded it to 'the Council. On
the 6th of April, 1830, it was 'published in the Royal
Gazette, under the title of the Pragmatic Sanction,
establishing the regular succession through the Queen
to the Crown of Spain.
The birth of Isabel, the present young Queen of
Spain, subsequent to the enactment of this Pragmatic
Sanction, and the speedilyy, expected demise of the
King, were circumstances that' roused into immediate
activity the energies of Don Carlos, who, seeing
before him only the prospects of losing his right to
the Throne, had already commenced his revolutionary
projects. In September the King was on the verge
of the grave, and he was desirous of forming some
conciliatory measures with the Infante, who, how-
ever, unhesitatingly refused to hear of anythinc, but
an abrogation of that law which deprived him of the
next succession to the Throne, and which Christina
had, by the Pragmatic Sanction, endeavoured tO se-
cure to her own offspring.
This refusal on the part of Don Carlos made it a
gloomy night round the King's bed. In their de-
spondency and anguish of mind the King and
Christina summoned M. Calomarde to their chamber.
Scarcely had he entered the room when, in the accents
of despair, the King told him of the dangerous aspect
which matters were assuming. The Minister con-
firmed the King's report, and further observed, that
" under cover of the late changes many Revolutionists
had again made their appearance ; and as their combi-
nations were kept up with foreign countries, it was
evident that the crisis would end in blood."

On the utterance of this word, an involuntary emo-
tion escaped from Christina, who cried out, " Todo
menos eso—yo no quiero sangre," " Anything but
that—l do not wish for blood." " What means have
we then left," said the King, addressing himself to
Calomarde, " of guarding against the storm that
threatens ?" "To abrogate all that has been done to
establish the Partida law," answered Calomarde ;
" for then the hopes of the Revolutionists will be
nipped. in the bud." "My only wish is for the wel-
fare of my people," observed the King; " your rea-
sons, Calomarde, have convinced me ; immediately,
therefore, pen a decree, abrogating the late law ; but
I enjoin you not to let any one know of it till my
eyes are closed; and take care that it is not published
or allowed to go out of the department of Grace and
Justice." " But," replied Calomarde, "it is proper
that the other Ministers should have cognisance of the
fact; when will your Majesty receive them ?" " Ex-
actly at six in the afternoon.'
Calomarde left the King's bed-room, and descended
the staircase. Rejoining the Ministers, he informed
them of the King's determination. Altercation en-
sued as to who should draw up the decree. Calo-
marde snatched up a pen—sketched out the decree of
abrogation—and it was forthwith read and approved
in a full council of Ministers.

M. Calomarde then went to the King's chamber
alone, and showed the decree. "Lo apruebo—esta
mui " I approve of it—it is well," said the
King. The Ministers shortly after assembled. Ca-
lomarde then read the decree in a loud voice. Chris-
tina took a pen and handed it to the King, that he
might affix his sign manual. He asked Calomarde
whether he should sign it in full. The Minister an-
swered in the affirmative, and the King signed " Fer-
nando."

Such was, the scene in which Calomarde, during
his administration, was the chief actor. The subse-
quent history attending this particular document is
too well known to need more than reference. Shortly
after, the King miraculously recovered from his ill-
ness, and then it was that, impelled by the present
ex-Queen, whose whole ambition at heart was to
secure the succession to her own children, he declared
that this abrogation of the Pragmatic Act, which he
had in the first instance passed and made law, had
been forced from him while labouring under the lan,
guor of death and sickness, and by a body of con-
spiring men. He called the chief men of the kingdom
together, and made in their presence a public decla-
ration to this effect, and caused the Pragmatic Sanc-
tion to stand and be re-instituted as the abiding law.

* The Sandia Pragmatica obtains its meaning and applica-
tion from its signifying the settlement of the succession to a
throne by the absolute will of the existing King; pragmatic
in this case having the sense of "assuming an authority of
power by right, and without permission or leave asked of any
one"—sanction, on the other hand, having its original sense of
" an act of coal mation, which gives anything its obligator?,
power or ratification." The two chief " Pragmatic Sanctions '
which history has recorded, preceding the one under present
consideration, are-1. The instrument by which the German
Emperor, Charles VI., being without male issue, endeavoured
to secure the Succession to his female descendants, and which,
owing to the refusal of the Elector of Bavaria to guarantee it,
caused the Austrian war of succession, and subsequently that of
2. Charles 111. of Spain, when he ceded the throne of Naples
to his third son, and his posterity, in 1759, settling under the
above title the law for the succession of his family.

THE LATE EARL OF LEICESTER.
GENEALOGICAL AND POLITICAL
NOTICE.
Thomas William Coke, first Earl of Leicester, in
whatever light his character may be viewed, must at
least be reckoned amongst the most remarkable
members of the Upper House. He was the eldest
Whig in either House of Parliament, not even except-
ing the Member for Middlesex ; he was one of the
most consistent Whigs ; he accepted a peerage in the
86th year of his age ; and after he had numbered
three score years and ten, he espoused a lady young
enough to be his grand-daughter, by whom he had five
children. For nearly half a century he was the first
commoner in England, and when he chose to become
the junior Earl, he took a title which of right belongs
to another family, for the Marquis of Townshend is
also Earl of Leicester, and the Member for Bodmin,
who claims to be the eldest son of the Noble Marquis,
assumes that title, which confessedly belongs to the
Townshend family ; but setting aside circumstances
of this nature, the deceased Peer possessed large
claims upon the respect of the public, and though
his life was prolonged far beyond the average
duration of human existence, yet his death will
be deeply regretted by a numerous tenantry, an
attached family, and a large circle of friends. The
late Earl of Leicester was born on the 4th of May,
1752, and was married in the 23d year of his age, on
the sth ofOctober, 1775, to'his cousin Jane, youngest
daughter of Jame Dutton, Esq. His first wife
was, therefore, aunt to the second Lord Sherborne and
sister to the first. By that marriage he leaves no
male issue. Mrs. Coke; who, had she lived, would
.have been Countess of Leicester, died on the 2d of
June, 1800 ; and after remaining twenty-two years a
widower, the subject of this notice was married on
the 26th of February, 1822, to the Lady Anne
Amelia Keppel, who is third daughter of the fourth,
and present Earl of Albemarle, her Ladyship being
then but 19, and his Lordship 70. The surviving
issue of his first marriage are daughters, viz., Lady
Andover, who was "afterwards married to Sir Henry
Digby, by whom, with other issue, she had a daugh-
ter, who married' the present Lord Ellenborough,
from whom she was divorced in 1830 ; Lady Eliza-
beth Stanhope, and Lady Anson (mother of the pre-
sent Earl of Lichfield),
.was also the daughter of the
deceased Peer.
The issue of the Noble Earl by his second mar-
riage, are Thomas William, now second Earl of
Leicester (of that line), who was born in the year
1822; the Hon. Henry Keppel, born in 1824 ; the
Hon. Henry Coke, born in 1827 ; the Hon. Wenman
Clarence Walpole, who was born in 1828; rand the
Lady Margaret Sophia, who is only ten years of age.
At the early age of 22 the late Earl of Leicester,
then Mr. Coke, was returned for the county of Nor-
folk, which he represented in fourteen Parliaments ;
and occupying a place in the representative branch of
the Legislature for more than half a century, he was
for many years "Father of the House of Commons."
He opposed the American war, the war against revo-
lutionary France, the policy of Pitt, and everything
Conservative. He supported the Catholic Relief Bill,
and the Reform Bill, and every measure of the Whigs ;
but in other respects he was a staunch adherent of the
landed interest.
The deceased Peer's father was Wennifn Roberts,
Esq., who assumed the name of Coke on inheriting ,

the estates of that family; he was only son of Anne,
the sister of the Earl of Leicester, who erected Holk-
ham. The earldom of that Peer became extinct at
his own death, and the nobleman just deceased was
his grand-nephew. Though the grand-uncle's peerage
became extinct in 1759, yet, as is well known, the
title was not revived till 1837, although in 1784 an
'earldom of Leicester, as already stated; was con-
ferred upon George Townshend, who afterwards be-
came the Marquis Townshend, and this title is still
vested in the present Marquis, and constitutes the
courtesy title of the eldest sons of the Marquises
Townshend. Neither the Coke nor the Townshend
family, however, can claim any direct descent from
the well known Earl of Leicester of Queen Elizabeth's
time ; but the deceased Peer derived his birth from an
ancestor of whom he might well be proud--the cele-
brated Chief Justice Coke.

Amongst the families connected with the Noble
Earl, are those of the Earl of Suffolk and Berks, the
Earl of Albemarle, the Earl of Lichfield, Sir Henry
Digby, Lord Sherborne, the Stanhope family, the
Earl of Rosebery, the Earl of Mansfield, Lord Wa-
terpark, the Tenison family, &c.

THE LATE LORD -LEICESTER- AS AN
AGRICULTURIST.
THE HOLICHAM LANDS AND SHEEP-SHEARINGS.—
Lord Leicester, excellent Its were his political qua-
lities and moral virtues, will, perhaps, be chiefly
known to posterity as the successful agriculturist and
the enlightened possessor of a princely estate, whose
example was beneficially felt in every corner of the
island, and whose patronage could always be commanded
by those who deserved it. Mr. Coke was, we be-
lieve (with the exception-of the Marquis of Towns-
hend, in the beginning of the last century), the first
instance of a gentleman of large estate devoting him-
self heart and soul to agriculture, and commanding
by his success the suffrages of the most experienced
farmers. Before his time, the men who improved
agriculture were generally gentlemen of compara-
tively small estates. In Scotland agricultural im-
provement originated on Tweedside and East Lothian
with the second class of gentry, whose success led by
degrees to the improvement of the large estates. It
was reserved for Mr. Coke to show what could be
done by the owner of a princely estate, who, with
more ample means could emulate the prudence and
care imposed by necessity on men of more limited
fortune.
We owe it to Mr. Coke that agriculture became a
favourite pursuit with men of rank and fortune. His
success preceded the agricultural pursuits of George
the Third, and the liberal patronage of Francis Duke
of Bedford. The circumstances which led MrJ Coke
to devote himself to agriculture are both curious and
instructive. They have, fortunately for the world,
been imparted by the late Earl of Leicester himself to
one of the most enlightened agricultUrists of our
times—Earl Spencer, who, in the " Journal of the
Royal Agricultural Society of England," volume the
third, for 1842, Part I. (published by Mr. Murray, of
Albem arle-street), has devoted an article to this most
interesting subject. To this article, pregnant with
instruction, we refer every reader who wishes to know
all that the noblest of arts owed to Lord Leicester.
When Lord Leicester came into possession of his
estates, the whole district round Holkham was unen-
closed, and the cultivation was of the most miserable
character. A large part of the land, which now
forms Holkham Park, was leased to a Mr. Butt, and
the lease was within two years. of its expiration. The
farm had been let at is. 6d. an acre; in the current
lease it had been raised to 35., and Lord Leicester
offered to renew the lease for 55., but Mr. Butt ra-
fused the terms, upon which his Lordship was deter-
mined to take the farm into his own hands. " Thus,"
says Lord Spencer, " the real origin of the great im-
provement of the district was, that Mr. Butt refused
to give five shillings an acre for land which now,
under an improved system of cultivation, usually
produces nearly four quarters of wheat per acre.'
Lord Leicester was then an extremely young man,
fond of and excelling in field sports, with a princely
fort-are, and would not have applied himself
to the details of a farm, had he not, by Mr. Butt's
refusal, been compelled to take the tract into
his own hands. " But," says Lord Spencer,
" having taken it, he found, as every man who will
apply himself to agriculture will, the high interest of
the pursuit. His taste was formed, the habits of his
life accommodated themselves to it, and, applying the
whole energy of his mind to the collection and disse-
mination of all the knowledge which he could derive
from practical and scientific farmers, he has effected
the great improvements which, while they have been
a source of continued happiness to himself, have pro-
duced the most incalculable benefits to the country.
If, on the other hand, Mr. Butt had accepted the
terms offered to him, Lord Leicester would have
granted him a lease for twenty-one years, and for that
long period of time, and probably much longer, no
improvement would have taken place ; West Norfolk
would have been considered a district in which wheat
could not be grown, and, which would have been a
still greater misfortune, Lord. Leicester might never
have turned his attention to agricultural pursuits."
Lord Leicester, being ignorant of farming, began
by collecting around him practical men, and .invited
to his house annually a party of farmers, at first from
the neighbouring districts. At these meetings Lord
Leicester's farm was examined, and, through the dis
cussions, both his Lordship and the practical men
were improved. In the course of time, friends from
a distame attended these meetings, and from this
small beginning we have the Holkham sheep-
shearing.
West Norfolk was then a rye-growing district; his
Lordship made it a wheat-growing district. l'he
system of cropping was detestable. Three white crops
were grown in succession, and when the land would
produce no more, broad cast turnips followed. No
manure was purchased, and very little was produced on
the farm. Mr. Coke began with two white crops in
succession, and kept thp land in pasture for two years
in every course. But still he could not grow wheat.
The land was naturally weak, and could be made to
produce little food for cattle, so as to increase the
live stock. The first thing to be done was the pur-
chase of manure, and he was induced to try rape-cake
as a top dressing. But the most effective source of
improvement was a stratum of rich marl, at various
depths, underneath the surface soil of the district,
which is a very light sand. Pits were opened, the
marl dug out,. and laid upon the surface. This gave
to the soil the solidity essential to wheat, which was
first raised in 1787. Clover and other artificial
grasses were raised; and the power of keeping more
live stock thus obtained.
With respect to stock, the only sheep in the district
were the old Norfolk breed, a very unprofitable one.
He first `gyred the Leicester breed. In 1812 there
were still at Holkham both Norfolk and Leicester
sheep; but since that time the only sort kept were
South Downs.
We cannot here follow Earl Spencer throughout
his most interesting account of Lord Leiceitei's expo
riments with live stock. His cattle were of the Devon
breed, and he crossed the Neapolitan pigs with the
Suffolk breed, by which he obtained the aptitude to
feed of the Neapolitan, without the weakness of their
constitution.
In a district like West Norfolk it is important that
more cattle should be fed on it for the sake of the
manure, than bred on it, and Norfolk, through Lord
Leicester, has become the centre of attraction for
drovers from all parts of the United Kingdom.
One great change was introduced by Lord Leices-
ter. Without leases farmers will not improve, but
an ignorant or a knavish farmer may have a lease,
and yet pursue an injurious system of agriculture.
Lord Leicester introduced covenants into the leases.
" Although," says Earl Spencer, "in the first in-
stance the covenant only prevented the tenant from
growing more than two crops of white grain in suc-
cession, yet so great was the ignorance of the farmers,
that he met with great difficulty in enforcing
even this very, modified improvement of the old
system." In Mr. Overman's lease, in which the
modern improved land course of cropping, adapted
to light turnip lands is introduced, is the model in
which Lord Leicester's leases have been long drawn.
Earl Spencer attaches much importance to the well
considered covenants introduced by Lord Leicester
into his leases. It was by the combination of judicious
covenants with the long leases that he was enabled to
effect such great improvements, not only on his own
estate, but, by his example, in the whole district.
Politics were excluded fre,m the Holkham sheep
shearings; and though Lord Leicester's opinions were
most decided, yet men of every shade of politics were
heartily welcome to those festivities. The year 1822
was an exception—politics were then introduced--
and it was the last of the sheep shearings.
But we must close our brief account of Lord
Leicester. His decided politics might, at one time,
make him enemies ; but the country has long done
justice to him, and viewed him as a firm and uncom-
promising patriot, and a liberal and enlightened im-
prover of the agriculture of England.
Lord Leicester moved the famous address to George
111. to put an end to the American war, and he was
himself the bearer of it to that Monarch.

HENTs.-11re are informed that several of !the land-
lords of shops and inns in this town are bout to lower
their rents,—a measure which is felt to 10 m.cessary. in
order to prevent the ruin of the shopkeepers and inn
keepers. The landowners would do well to follow the
sample.—Leeds Mercury:
A young gentleman, of good standing, in this
neighbourhood, betted very heavily on the late Derby
race, for which Coldrenick, Mr..Trelawney's horse, was
the favourite. He lost several thousand pounds, and to
the last shilling of his fortune satisfied his engagements,
but his mind became so much affected that he is now
insane, and in a mad-house, near Plymouth.—Plynouth
Journal.

Measures are now in progress for the holding of
an Eisteddfod in Carmarthen next summ r The Lard
Bishop of St. David's has consented to become the patron.
—Shrewsbury Chronicle.

FASHIONS ,FOR JULY.
(From the London and Paris Ladies' Magazine of
Fashion.)
With the warm weather, some new bareges have
appeared, termed bare es bayaderes ; they are equally
light and pretty, of soft texture, sprigged with
flowers or covered in Arabic patterns; next to glaa,ee
silks, they are the materials most in demand.
Paris, white seems to be quite confined this season to
evening dress. Embroidered muslins, India rough's'
organdys, lace pointed, muslins and jannrots tlred
no longer visible by daylight ; silks and worsted
materials in a thousand different styles are they'
article in demand. Walking dresses are genl
made high, to wear with the transparent manteleth°e
pelerine; the skirts are 'of prodigious width, and
length as inconvenient as during the winter ; ae''
sleeves are fashionable for the house • in long 01;
those a la Diane de Poitiers and the Amadisl are rnuc
worn. The pointed corsages are almost exclusively
reserved for dress toilettes; the rounded point is warro
en neglige, and the ceinture with long ends. Dineeit
dresses are of foulards, satins princesses, pekins,
you
de soie, &c.
A novelty in trimmings is a new style of fleu,ce
made quite plain at the top, but falling in flutes at
edge; they form elegant trimmings without loadlepi
the dress ; they are very pretty in striped
Pekin
full and narrow ruches chicorees are much in favour
for redingotes and peignoirs. Scarfs of embroider.
s;
muslin are trimmed with Valenciennes lace, headed 131.
a bouillonne, through which a ribbon is passed, earre
r
sponding with the colour of the dress. Mantelets
made of glacee silk trimmed with bouillons, wits l;
holes, and forming very large round at the back. . of
round'pelerines continue to be much worn. Carnall 9.,,
shot silk are also trimmed with ruches of the sare"'„,
colour, and black ones with gimp. There is at Pd $
sent little to say about bonnets ; fancy straws au the
new kind of paille de riz which cleans well, are A,
principal novelties. Crape bonnets and tulle boq
bonne are very elegant and suitable for the mouraar%
Capotes a coulisses are always fashionable ; they
frequently entirely covered with tulle, which
_lB-of
them a very light appearance. Capotes compote the
folds of crape should always be of the colour of of
dress. Couronnes Josephine or Ceres, bunchese
lilies of the valley, are used for capotes of gall'io;
double poppies, daisies, camellia, aloes, wild roses'
Leghorns.