The Sun.
London, England, 1827-06-05 00:00:00

By WILLIAM HAZLITT.

I' the world's volume,
Our Britain seems as of it, but not in it;
In a great pool, a swan's nest. Pr'ythee think
There's livers out of Britain ?"—Cynibeline.
Published by Hunt and Clarke, York-street, Covent-
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NATIONAL SILK WEAVERS' SOCIETY,
rs tiiblished for the tole purpose of giving constant Em•
p oyment to thu
rp poor Weavers and their Families, oi
HElltSpitalfields.
PATRONS
and the NOBILITY
..m. and Public, ar rn t ' i
pigat :I:: r Warehouse,
have commenced Selleing°satrespectfully informed, that they
vonshire-square, Bisho No. 15, De-
previous to to opening their Itet,irietut' "E'it° the
, at No. 59, Oxford-
street. They cat at their Warta:" Claire',
Oxford-
from the piece, at one penny per yZd4IOIY quantity of Silk
tnn.cithei cost price,
where they always keep ready manufact
and SatinnsK (74
plain and figured Gi os de Naples', stout Lustri ech Dsanrcuanpeet:
Black and coloured Levantine.,
scription and quality, and a moet extensive
roet every
ne er iyhi t d t ' 'o
-f
rich Silk Damasks, including, among a variety
Thirty neve Patterns of elegant Taberets, the de others,
which are perfectly Original, and executed exclasilvil:fo
the Society, consequently will be found the greatem" „::
velty ever submitted to public inspection.
pLadies are most respectfully informed that it h not
rofit they seek, but only sufficient to cover expenees, and
Sheep the men in constant employment. Those Ladies and
ntlemen who will honour the Society by becoming yearly
übscribers of Ten Shillings, will be waited upon at their
i'pective dwellings by one of the members of the Com_
;'ittee, with every new Pattern of Silk previous to
their
sing submitted to
public sale.
1_ The Subscriptions will go to the Fund of the Society,
10 provide for the benevolent purposes for which it has
etri established, viz.--at each metnber's dcatli, 121. A
41welobe's wife's death, 61. If any member sick, 12:. perask, and if out of employment, 10s.
The purchasers, if they wish, way see rich Silks in the
l'''')gr6sa of being manufactured.
,-.,, .
-,-, e aotise will be given to the Patrons and Nobility,
Arul Public), the day on wbieh they open in Oxford-0111d.

Officers, Cadets, and Writers going to India, and Gen-
tlemen proceeding to South Arnerioa, or any other part
of the Globe, will find in this Establishment the whole
of their Military Appointments, Swords, Chacos, Sashes,
Belts, Pistols, &c. together with a large and well-manu-
factured stock of Sea Cots, Couches, and Bedding ; Cabin
Wash hand Tables, Chairs, and Lamps ; Sea Chests,
Mule and Bullock Trunks, and every other description
of Travelling Equipage.
AN ASSORTMENT OF CANTEENS, ready fitted
with the necessary requisites far India and other tropical
climates; likewise a great -variety of Silver and Plated
Articles, Knives and Forks, suitable for families going
abroad ; Military and Hindostannee Tholes, Maps, &e.
A FASHIONABLE STOCK of Carriage, Curricle,
Tandem, Phaeton, Stanhope aad Chaise HARNESS, with
every description of Saddlery, &c. &e. for home use, East
and West Indies, and South America, which merit inspec-
tion from their excellent quality, first style of workman-
ship, and moderate prices.
All the Articles in this Establishment are warranted,
and the excellent plan of fifty years standing is still strictly
adhered to, of asking one Ready Money Price, but from
which no abatement will'be made.

PORTUGUESE GOVERNMENT AND

STATE OF THE COUNTRY.

One would suppose from the way in which
affairs are conducted here, that the groat object
of the Government is to make the people detest
the Constitution. They have been made to taste
all the evils of a change of system, without any,
or at best, but a few of the advantages. The
citizens are quite harrassed with military duty.
There are no regular troops in the capital, ex-
cept a few cavalry, who patrol the streets day
and night, in small bodies, and the militia have
all the rest of the duty to perform. This is no
trifle, for the attendance of military is so common,
at every sort of ceremony, both civil and religious,
that nearly one half of those registered arc on
duty every other day. Shopkeepers, respectable
tradesmen, mechanics—all are obliged to leave
their business, and serve as common soldiers,
with only two vintems (24d.) a day of pay.
Some of them are constantly patrolling the streets,
others attend in the churches, when any cere-
mony the least extraordinary takes place—others
are placed as sentinels at every public office, and
at many of the churches—even " Nossa Sen-
hors da Barracca" (Our Lady of the Cave), has
a guard to attend her, and a poor tradesman
must leave his family unprovided for, to wait on
a small clay image, about four inches high. This
image of the Virgin, as is well known, was found
in a rabbit-hole, four years ago, and on account
of the. miracle which she performed, has obtained
one of the principal places in the Cathedral.
Candles are constantly burning on the altar where
she is placed. Crowds of people, at every hour
of the day, are kneeling before her ; a centinel is
at her right hand, and what is more important
than all, a plate to receive the offerings of the
pious is always before her. This delusion is by
no means at an end, particularly among the
lower classes, if one may judge from the number
of vintems that are every day cast into her trea-
sury, and the fervour with which she is adored. A
Portuguese devotee is the most fervent of all
worshippers. He kneels down nail the utmost
solemnity, goes over the string of beads, and at
the conclusion, raises his out-stretched arms to-
wards the object of his worship, and seems so
wrapped in ecstatic devotion, that a troop of
cavalry might pass without attracting his notice.
The foundation of a church has been laid on the
spot where this image was discovered, but the
work proceeds so slowly, that it probably will never
be finished, as those who receive the contribu-
tions find other ways of spending them. The
sum collected at present amounts in all to about
10,0001. To return, however, to the blessings
of the Constitution—the inhabitants, particu-
larly those in the country, are liable to have
English officers and soldiers billetted on them,
they are often obliged to resign their best apart-
ments to foreigners, and to submit to great in-
convenience and deprivations in order to esta-
blish a mode of Government, of which they have
not the least idea, except from its bad effects.—
Young men are pressed for the army, and when
they attempt to evade their pursuers, they are
arrested like felons, marched through the streets,
under a guard of soldiers with drawn swords, and
hurried off the first opportunity to sonic military
depot. They are ill fed, ill clothed, and not
unfrequently are without pay for months. It
is really pitiful to see the tattered patched gar-
ments with which some of the poor fellows are
covered that perform duty even in the capital,
and what adds to their misery, and that of the
country in general, is their future prospects,
for no one can foresee how long such a state of
things may continue. One would suppose that
the first object of the Government ought to have
been, to get the great body of the people over to
their side, by conferring on them some imme-
diate advantages ; but this appears never to
have occurred to them. The wonder is, not that
many of the people should prefer Don Miguel
and the old system, but that any of them should
adhere to a Government which shows so little
concern for their real interests. The character
and conduct of this Prince have been the cause
of great calamity to Portugal. But from a well-
grounded dread of his tyranny and violent pas-
sions, I am inclined to think that little or no re-
sistance would have been made to his party.
Putting his claims out of the question (which,
by the bye, are not slight, and which are every
day more spoken of), the advantages which
might result from his being placed at the head
provided he chose to act for the good
of his country, would induce many to join him.

Inc contrast between the Government of a
Prince in the prime of life, and the regency of a
weakly woman, with a divided Ministry, and the
prospect often years' minority, occurs to every one.
The conduct of Don Pedro, too, has offended
many. He abdicates the Crown, and gives it to his
daughter, who certainly has no more claims to
it than the Princess Victoria of England, for ad-
mitting that the Sovereign power is still vested
in him, he cannot alter the line of succession,
and deprive his son of a kingdom, which must
come to him by right. When he comes of age,
is it to be supposed that he will remain Prince
Royal of Brazil, rather than become King of
Portugal ? The probability is, that as soon as
he is able to act for himself, he will make his
escape, and excite a second civil war. The fact
is, there will be no end of discontent and com-
motion, till some regular Government is fixed.
Long before that time, however, a most impor-
tant crisis must arrive. On the 26th of Oct.
next, Don Miguel will reach the age, at which,
according to the Charter, he may fill the Re-
gency, and as none has such a good right to it,
his partizans will then acquire new force, and in
case of his claims being refused, proclaim him
anew. Even at present, notwithstanding the
presence of the British troops, and all the promised
blessings of the Charter, there is a strong party
in his favour. According to accounts which I
have received from Elvas, the great body of the
inhabitants took part with the mutineers, by join-
ing them in cries for Don Miguel, waving of
handkerchiefs, and other tokens of approbation.
At the re-opening of the theatre here, last even-
ing too, when the house was crowded to excess,
and the Constitutional Hymn was called for, the
feelings evinced in favour of the new Government
were at best equivocal. One would have sup-
posed that on such an occasion, the first public
token of the Regent's recovery, and in a place
where none of the lower classes are to be
seen, some expression of joy would have been
made. Nothing of the kind, however, occurred.
When the Opera was over, there was a partial
call from the pit for the Constitutional Hymn, and
after some delay, the curtain was at length raised.
Each of the singers came forward in his turn, and
sung a verse, which was applauded or ridiculed,
according to the merits of the singer, but there
was not the slightest allusion made either to the
Princess Regent, Don Pedro, or the Constitu-
tion. The scene altogether was quite farcical.
Some few ventured to hiss, others were laughing;
and when it came to the turn of the buffo to give
his version of the air, particularly at that part of
it which concludes with the words " liberal con-
atituicao," the laugh was general. What the feel-
ings of the people may have been on the Pro-
clamation
of the Charter I cannot say, from
personal knowledge, but certainly, since
I have had an opportunity of judging, they
have evinced any thing but enthusiasm ; and,
till the Government adopt some method to
convince them practically of its utility, no change
for the better can take place. Many who call
themselves liberal rail against the present Go-
vernment—say they have neutralised the Con;
stitution, made it quite nominal, and done every
thing to render it odious. At present it hangs
by a thread ; and were Don Miguel, when he
comes of age, to make his escape from Vienna,
and present himself to the troops, I am afraid it
would not survive for a month. The only hope
for the liberal party is, the arrival of Don Pedro
or an efficient Ministry. The former probably
may happen sooner than is supposed ; for, if all
the statements current here be true, a revolution
can hardly be avoided in Brazil. The Marquis
of Palmella is looked to by many as the only
Minister capable of saving Portugal.—Corre-
spondent of the Morning Herald.

SINGULAR COINCIDENCE.-Itiellard Power,
an honest labourer, died on Sunday se'nnight—his wife
died the preceding evening, and the one grave entombed
them both on Monday! The husband had been labouring
under consumptive complaints these ten weeks past, during
which time his wife attended him, but finding bins beyond
recovery, and seeing no prospect for herself after his death
but want, she laid herself down beside him, and after linger-
ing a short time, expired !

" RARE DOINGS AT ROXBURGIIE HALL."
—The celebrated Roxburghe Club held their
Anniversary at Freemasons' Tavern, last Thurs-
day. The Duke of Devonshire, Earl Spencer,
and Lord Althorp, with nearly all the Members
now in England, were present—
" Quick from th' Ebetian* Club last night
By secret ways I took my flight ;
My precious lore slung on my back,
My lustrous tomes of Letter Black,
Unique and rare—a store of wealth !
Father of Type, to thee all health!"

On this occasion George Watson Taylor, Esq.
presented to each Member of this renowned
Club, a volume of exquisite typographical beauty,
printed by Mr. Nicol, consisting of the Amatory
Poetry of Charles, Duke of Orleans and Milan,
nephew of Charles the Sixth of France, and father
to Louis the Twelfth, who was taken prisoner at
the battle of Agincourt, on the 25th October,
1415, where he was found under a heap of dead
bodies almost lifeless, and detained as a State
prisoner in England, by the mandate of Henry
the Fifth, 25 years. He was confined in a man-
sion, surrounded by a moat, at Groombridge, in
Sussex, where he devoted much of his time to
the composition of verses in English and French.
This treasure is copied from a manuscript in the
British Museum, which seems to have been un-
known to Lord Orford, who only mentions the
Poems preserved in the Royal Library at Paris.
With the exception of the Gower Ballads, printed
from a manuscript, in his father's library, by
Lord Gower, and Mr. Markland's beautiful
specimens, and his extremely erudite Essay on
the " Chester Mysteries," the books printed by
the Roxburghe Club have not previously been
distinguished, or considered as any remarkable
accession of value to the early literature of the
country. We understand it has been resolved
by the members of the Roxburghe Club that all
their future publications shall be printed at their
joint expellee, and that " Haviloe,” an interest-
ing and very curious Romance, from a manu-
script which has recently been discovered in the
British Museum, is to ,be sent to press irnn►e-
diately. Various minor regulations were, at this
meeting, adopted by the Club. The day was
spent in the utmost harmony, and the toasts pe-
culiar to these distinguished Bibliomaniste were
drunk with enthusiasm.
* Abridged from " Alphabetian," the " Preatie Childe's
Boke,"—the first production imprinted under the auspices
of the Club for the instruction of the juvenile members.

A. naval officer, from the coast of Chekeang,
writes to the Emperor, to say, that at the season
for catching the hwaugyu (said to be the sturgeon)
the fishing-boats were very numerous, and he was
apprehens►ve they might have other pursuits than
fishing, which induced him to watch them narrowly,
but he found nothing amiss.

THE arnitwoN .11( TAETARIT.

The Pekin Gazettes, received at Canton, contain
papers issued by the Emperor, respecting the rebel-
lion in Western Tartary. The leader, Chang-Kih
Urh, is represented as a Mahomedan, and the head
of certain descendants of a former rebel. He has
been joined by Tartars called, in Chinese, Poo-loo-
tih, and by the white-capped Mahomedans about
Kasligar. According to Chinese maps in the lion.
Company's library at Canton, the seat of the rebel-
lion lies in long. 78. east, lat. 40. north, and the
surrounding territory, which the Pekin Gazette, re-
present as desert and thinly inhabited. However,
the official documents from his Majesty indicate
considerable anxiety on the subject. He has or-
dered 70 officers of reputation to appear before him,
that he may select 30 to proceed with the greatest
expedition to the seat of war. From the north-
west provinces of Shense and Kan-suh, he has or-
dered 20,000 men to advance; and Oven from Man-
chow Tartary troops are commanded to proceed to
the westward. He has given absolute power over
the army to Chang-ling, the Commander-in-chief at
Ele (the Ili of d'Anvillc), who about ten years ago,
was Governor of Canton. Two General Officers are
united With him as a council ; but the imperial seal
is given to him, which authorizes him to act indivi-
dually and independently in all matters, whether of
life or death, or great or small. Kansuh and Shan-
tung provinces are ordered to supply provisions, &c.,
for the army in advance against the Mahomedan re-
bels. his Majesty commands a union of clemency
and severity. The arch-rebel himself, if he will sub-
mit, is promised life; whilst, to every human being
opposing the imperial forces total extermination is
threatened, and the army instructed to inflict it.—
Two officers of rank in the imperial army have
already fallen, and funeral honours have been decreed.

From the spirited arrangements which have been
made, and the number of troops brought forward to
the scene of action, his Majesty anticipates a speedy
and glorious result. The people of Canton consider
the late disturbances in Formosa as trivial, but the
Tartar rebellion as a serious national affair.

It is reported outside, that the Governor of Can-
ton requires, for the immediate supply of the grand
army now in the field, and in motion against the
rebel Ching-Kih-Urh, from the Hong merchants,
600,000 taels, the salt merchants 400,000 taels,
and the country gentlemen 200,000 taels. Whether
his Majesty will accept of this " benevolence" or
not, is yet unknown.
The daily expense of the army is said to be
70,000 teals.

CANTON, 0(7. 24.
THE I.ITE AFFAIR OF T;113 TOFA7

In Hog-lane, there has to-day been posted up
a MS. placard, with the name of the person whose
father was killed at Ling-Ting in the Topaz, saying
that to revenge his father's death, he is seeking for
an opportunity to murder Howqua. Under this
declaration there are twelve lines of Terse, repeating
what was said in prose to the Governor of Canton
in the late petition—that his father and brother-in-
law were both killed by foreigners; that seven houses
were destroyed by shot fired from the Topaz, and
that ten thousand taels were plundered from the island.
He then states that he had appealed to the Em-
peror, and received his Majesty's commands to seize
the foreigner but Howqua had accepted of bribes to
let him go away. He bewails his distress during
six years; invokes Heaven, and announces his de-
termination to have his revenge satisfied; and then
winds up by requesting the lovers of justice to give
him 100 pieces of gold to enable him to go again to
the Emperor. As he does not know the " slave"
Howqua personally, he asks any one to point him
out, and he will instantly rip open his bowels.

The Hong-merchant Ilowqua is guilty of being
rich and timid; hence he has of late been assailed,
in a variety of ways, to extort money from him,
which seems the malicious intention of this man,
who asserts the grossest falsehoods, with the same
breath that he makes appeals to justice and to
Heaven ! China is a mass of moral corruption,
consisting of atheism, malice, revenge, lying, fraud,
and sensuality.

THE CROYDON CANAL.—Yesterday a ge-
neral meeting of the Shareholders of the Croy-
don Canal was held at the George and Vulture
Tavern, Thomas Coles, Esq. took the Chair.
The Report presented but a gloomy prospect.
The income during the last year was only 3,63-1.1.
and the expenditure left them but a balance of
1961. in the hands of the Banker. Last year
the balance, after the year's expenditure, was
.3881., and it had been getting worse since the
preceding year, when it was 500/. The Chair-
man said, that they had tried the addition of a
Rail Road, which had been expensive, and pro-
duced nothing : they bad also lost much money
in boring for springs, in which they had been
equally unsuccessful. This year they had suc-
ceeded in tapping a powerful spring at Leshurst,
which he thought would be adequate to the sup-
ply of water. Several Shareholders said they
were quite tired of subscribing any more to the
Canal ; but after considerable discussion, it
was agreed that the concern should go on for
a year longer, but 1-1 Q further expense WAS tc) be
incurred.