The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-01 00:00:00

AND ESPECIALLY ADDRESSED TO SCOTCH FARMERS.

This delightful country must and will progress iu
spite of any previous or adverse circumstances ; it
will very speedily force itself into notice as one of
the most safe depositories for capital throughout the
globe, and for emigration it is unequalled anywhere.
The little war there the other day was soon brought to
a termination, and the Boers taught to eat humble
pie. We are led to the following remarks by having
seen in the public journals that Mr. George Robins
(a tolerably good judge it may be inferred, if ex-
perience be worth anything), has recently purchased
the estate, called Slabbert's Poort, with FORTY-THREE
THOUSAND ACRES OF PASTURE LAND, AT THE CAPE,
on the river Traka. His ultimate intentions we shall
see presently in respect to this immense demesne.

It is said there are upon it fee permanent springs,
and that it is capable of depasturing at least twenty
thousand sheep annually,and from which the finest wool,
equal in quality to merino, is constantly sent to Eng-
land. The intention of Mr. Robins (as we have been
told, and it is amongst the on dits of the day), is to
let it in farms of from 1,000 to 5,000 acres each, or
more if it be required; selecting, and especially from
Scotland, the best practical men he can find, with
moderate capital, plenty of industry, and a good cha-
racter. These farms it is intended to let FREE FROM
RENT THE FIRST YEAR, and for the next seven years
at ONE SHILLING PER ACRE PER AN/511.5M,
for rich pasture and arable land.
If thirty or forty such men embark in this enterprise
they must and will get on, and getrich even beyondtheir
most sanguine expectations ; indeed, it is believed,
more rapidly than in Australia, where such tremen-
dous fortunes have been made by means of the enor-
mous return from sheep, wool, and cattle • but at
the Cape, wine and other profitable sources of wealth
are to be added to the cheering prospect.
We have a letter before us from the Cape, that has
inclined us to feel a very lively interest in this genial
climate. We will give an extract, in order that our
wary, cautious friends in the North "may mark,
learn, and inwardly digest" this enterprise well, be-
fore they embark in it ; for ourselves, we entertain no
doubt, and if we HAD previously, why the name of the
purchaser, sets this very quietly at rest. Beside the pre-
sent and prospective advantages seem not to be con-
fined to sheep or wool, since we learn from good
authority that the best wheat that ever came into
England was grown at the Cape ; and we know that
the Madras cavalry are entirely supplied from thence,
and that the Mauritius, as well as St. Helena, are all in
part supplied from this fertile source. Then, again, the
wines : the Cape furnishes a large quantity, and very
fine ; and upon the estate under review, we are told there
are already 3,000 or 4,000 very fine vines, an abundance
of fruit, and five permanent springs, a most important
consideration to a farmer, beside live and dead farm-
ing stock, to commence operations ; but we find we
are exceeding our original intention, which was
merely to authenticate a doubtful point, viz., that Mr.
Robins is the proprietor of this fine property, which
in extent approaches " the demesne of a German
Prince." The observations upon the exceedingly
great advantage of the new tariff will, we suspect,
not escape our friends in Scotland, who are all famed
for travelling by,the safety coach in all their under-
takings, and, it may be added, are the best farmers in
Europe.
A short extract ,from A letter,- written at the Cape,
on the 15tit of last May :--
" Slabbert's Poort (the estate under review) was
selected by an old Dutch Vee Boer,' or cattle-graz-
ing farmer, very many years since, whose experience
may be reckoned worth something ; he was very suc-
cessful, but owing to some real or fancied oppression
Boers and went to Natal, disposing of his estate pre-
of the English Government, he joined the emigrant
viously to the late owner; its size would admit of its
being divided into sections, as its extent (43,000 acres)
is beyond the means of most persons singly to culti-
vate or stock it. The homesteads of Dutch farmers are
generally of rude construction, but yet well adapted to
their wants and comforts. An English farmer is always
improving his property; a Dutch farmer is a slothful
animal, that adopts an old adage, and ' leaves well alone,'
never seeking, by additional activity or enterprise, to in-
crease his means or comfort.
" Slabbert's Poort is a most improvable estate,
and in the hands of an Englishman, or more
especially a few first-rate Scotch farmers, would
soon become invaluable, as its position is one
of the first importance, being on the direct road
to the frontier, and in a position where a profitable
business might be carried on independent of fiirming.
It is near the forests of the Knysna and the ports of
passel Bay and River Knysna; the latter port will,
probably, soon be opened by th completion of a pro-
jected road from Beaufort District to it ; it is very eli-
gible in many other respects ; vessels of 400 tons bur-
, then can . enter at all times, and take
" There are a great number of
cargoes on
board four miles up the river.
English sheep
farmers, with moderate capital, say from 1,0001.
to 3,0001. each, who have, within the last two
years, located themselves in the colony ;
and it is not
a little gratifying to behold the fine flocks of well and
cross-bred sheep so abundantly scattered about ;it is
surprising to see how well the animals 100k—sheep as
well as cattle. This is a convincing proofthat the graziing
qualities of the land are -adapted for cattle as well as
sheep. The wool flocks are fast increasing in all parts
of the colony, and, it is said, from the frontier alone,
one million of pounds, at least, will be
exported this
year, and a corresponding export from this end of the
colony, the Cape, will eventually, and ere long, force
itself into notice, for the investment of capital and in-
troduction of labour, in spite of any opposition. EMI-
GRATION HERE WITH MODERATE CAPITAL, MUST DE
CERTAIN AND SUCCESSFUL.
"Slabbert's Poort is situated, distant from Beaufort,
seventy miles, three hours on horseback from that
fertile and beautiful district Zwartland ; eighteen
hours from George, and to Swellendam, still nearer.
"The new tariff is most important
to the Cape
colony, as it will now be enabled to export large quail-
tities of salt provisions to this country at a verymode-
rate rate. Fat oxen may be procured, to weigh seven
and eight hundred pounds, for 41., and 4/. 10s. each,
which is lid. and lid.
Per lb., the hide being worth
twenty shillings.
" We are now in correspondence with our Colonial
Government on the subject of a road from the
River Knysna to the Lange Kloof which opens
to the sea the whole district of George, and
will make the Knysna the central port in the
colony, and from it would proceed the high road to
Beaufort and Graff Reinet. If you refer to one of
Arrowsmith's Maps, you will find the road marked
out nearly in a direct line to Beaufort, distance not
quite two degrees from the mouth of the Knysna,
which is navigable for vessels of 400 tons ten miles
inland, the projected road would pass over the end of
the Swaute Berg Mountains, and come out on the
River Traka on the Beaufort side of those mountains,
from whence the distance to Beaufort is about sixty
miles. Major Mitchell has surveyed the country, and
has estimated the expense at 1,7001. sterling. An
offer has been made to advance 2,0001. sterling at
6 per cent. per annum interest, and capital to be se-
cured to the lenders by the tolls and forest licenses
till such time as this small sum of 2,000/. be paid off:
" I know generally that the colony is advancing in
wealth and productiveness, and with good roads and
the several seaports of the colony
made accessible to
the produce of the interior districts, quite a different
state of affairs must be produced, and the result to
compare to any other
partthe ionftethlleig‘evnotrlfda.Ter beyond co

SINGULAR DEATH OF A GENTLE-
MAN AT BIRMINGRAM.

1010,
nu A
lastlk r ,
in Bthlißsmtinquest was held
of a gentleman,
named Richard Howley, of rather eccentric character,
who died suddenly at his lodgings in Gough-street,
on Monday morning. It appeared from the evidence
that the deceased was .54 years of age, son of Richard.
Howley, Esq., of Grome, Leicestershire, and cousin of
nightlV ED Norns theilj Co-4 n
the Archbishop of Canterbury. At an early age he
went to An; erica, wherehe continued to reside, making
occasional visits to England every three or four years.
In the month of July last he arrived in Birmingham
by railway, and travelled in the same carriage with
Mrs. Lord, the landlady of a tavern near the Birming-
ham Railway station, and a young friend of hers, a
Miss Hunt.

To this latter lady the deceased subsequently
became much attached, and offered her his hand, and
it wasfinally arranged that after consulting her friends
given time.sheatOxfordße
was to
the day of meetdeceasedin London at a
meeting
deceased
,
became very ill, and he wrote to her, requesting her
to return to Birmingham. She did so, and attended
him during his malady with great assiduity. The
deceased, however, from a penurious disposition, re-
fused to obtain medical advice, which doubtless in-
creased his disease. On Sunday night she left him-
for two hours, and on her return, to her great horror:
found him dead in bed. A surgeon was immediately'
sent for, but no aid could be rendered.
The surgeon, who made a rigid post nzortem exa-`
mination of the body, deposed that deceased died of
asphixia, caused by water on the chest and an ex;
cessive enlargement of the heart, and the Jury reL
turned a verdict to that effect, expressing at the same
time, with the entire concurrence of the Coroner, that.
there could not be the least possible reflection upon'
Miss Hunt, for whom all present seemed to feel.
somei' deceasedemagiilt e.
intended to marry her, and retire to
America, where it is said, he has left an estate of`

The grand ploughing match, Middlesex against
Buckinghamshire, is to be decided on Friday next, at
Beaver's Farm, near Hounslow Barracks. ,

EXTRAORDINARY CONSPIRACY.
BRISTOL, SEPT. 29.—Bristol has been the scene of
one of the most romantic incidents in real life which
ever occurred, and of which a highly respectable mer-
chant of this city has been unfortunately made the dupe.
This affair has been made public in consequence of
the gentleman (Mr. Wooley) having been charged
before the Magistrates with having conspired to de-
fraud a goldsmith of a lady's gold watch and chain.
We subjoin an accurate account of the facts of this
most extraordinary conspiracy.
Mr. Wooley has been, it appears, for the last five
years a widower, and Miss Bryers, who is now about
twenty-two years of age, and whom he has brought
up and educated from the early age of eight years,
resided with him in the New Cut. About six months
since, Miss Bryers intimated to him that a lady whom
she knew, and whose property was worth 47,0001.,
had accidentally seen him, and had on the instant
fallen in love with him ; that she had striven long
to conquer her passion, but in vain ; that her
declining health bore testimony to the in-
tensity of the struggle ; and that, as a
last resource, she had communicated her passion to
her (Miss Bryers), with a view to her sounding her
brother .in-law as to the state of his heart, with much
more sufficiently nonsensical and absurd. Hearing
this tale, Mr. Wooley, being of course rend anxious
to know who the lady was, pressed Miss Bry.'s to
inform him who the fair inamorata might be, maxim
at length told by her that she / ,Miss a lady
of the first family and res, city. Mr. Wooley,
who had never seen the L.. ,s hose name was men-
tioned to him, oddly enough ag, .'ed to reciprocate the
alleged affection' and pressed anxiously for an inter-
view. To this Miss Bryers replied, that such a course
was entirely out of the question, for should the rela-
tions of the lady arrive at the knowledge that such
an acquaintance existed, they would immediately
have her removed, her peace of mind would be ruined
for ever, and Mr. Wooley's chance of the 47,0001.
would be destroyed. To mitigate the rigour of
this sentence, however, a tender correspondence was
fabricated and carried on in this lady's name (who
was all the while unconscious of even Mr. Wooley's ex-
istence) through Miss Bryers, and in answer to one
of these tender billets, Mr. Wooley pledged his honour
not to seek an interview with the lady until it could
be safely granted. The matter having been men-
tioned to some confidential friend by Mr. Wooley, it
was suggested to him, that he ought to be better as-
sured of the truth of the affair, and that it might be a
hoax. This insinuation was, however, indignantly met
by Mr. Wooley, with the reply, "Could they sup-
pose that she whom he had brought up as his own
child, from the early age of eight years, whom he had
ever treated in the most kind and indulgent manner,
would attempt to or be a party to the playing off of
any trick upon him who might be considered as her
father ?" His friend still remaining incredulous, Mr.
Wooley said he would write a letter to Miss —,
which should be taken by Miss Bryers, and that to sa-
tisfy himself of her truth, a female, the wife of a person
in his employment, should see whether she went to the
house where the lady resided, with it. This was done,
and Miss Bryers was watched by the female to the
door of Miss —'s house. Shortly afterwards some
circumstance transpired from which he was again led
to think that a trick was being played him, and de-
termined to make assurance doubly sure, he men-
tioned his suspicions to Miss Bryers, wrote a letter to
Miss —, and proposed himself to accompany Miss
Bryers to the door of the lady's house, and. to wait ;
outside,for an answer. Miss-Bryers, nothing daunted,
reproached him for entertaining the slightest suspi-
cion, and said that she should be most happy to con-
vince him, and that he had better at once write the
letter, and they would walk together with it to the
house in which the lady resided. This was accord-
ingly done, and on reaching the house, Miss Bryers
knocked at the door, and having ascertained that the
lady was at home, sent in her card (both being per-
sonally wholly unknown), and desired Mr. Wooley
to wait for her. She then with unparalleled ef-
frontery introduced herself into the presence of the
lady. Being requested to be seated, she apologized
for her intrusion but that being informed that Miss
--- was very kind in administering relief and reli-
gious consolation to the poor, she had presumed
to solicit her to visit a poor woman at a
place in Cathay, which she named, to admi-
nister some relief to her mind. That the poor
woman did not need pecuniary assistance, as she
(Miss Bryers) had procured for her everything which
was necessary. The lady replied, that it was true
she was ever most happy to contribute to the relief of
the suffering poor as far as possible, but that with
respect to religious consolation, she thought the
clergyman of the parish was the proper party to be
applied to. Miss Bryers immediately acknowledged
that this was the proper course, and having apolo-
gized for troubling i.liss --, requested to be allowed
to write a note to the Rev. Gentleman soliciting his
aid. This was, of course, acceded to, and Miss
Bryers sat down to write the note, but instead of
writing to the clergyman, she penned an amorous
answer to Mr. Wooley's etter, in the name of the
lady in whose house and presence she was com-
mitting this wanton fraud. Having finished, and
used a wafer instead of a seal, she wished the lady
good morning, and having rejoined Mr. Wooley
in the street, she triumphantly produced the note,
still wet, told him Miss was much annoyed at
his suspicions, and, in fact, completely con-
vinced the toe credulous Mr. Wooley that all
things were proceeding rightly for his marriage
with the lady. The correspondence continued un-
interruptedly between the parties, and at length Miss
Dryers, producing a very handsome ring with the ini-
tials of the lady engraved upon it, told him that she
had sent it with the request that lie would wear it for
her sake. Things being in this state, it was arranged,
on this semi-fictitious correspondence, that 20,0001.
of the lady's property should be settled on herself,
while the other portion should be at her husband's dis-
posal. A request was also made that they should ex-
change watches, and Miss Bryers produced a neat
lady's gold watch and chain, which the police reports
show that, together with the ring, she had procured
from Mr. Jones. Mr. Wooley was, of course, de-
lighted, and immediately handed Miss Bryers a very
valuable gold watch, &c., which he wore. Mr. Wooley
then became most anxious for the lady to name the
happy day, but Miss Bryers told him that before he
married, as he had been a widower for some time, he
ought to refurnish certain portions of his house
in a style befitting the reception of a lady. This was,
of course, agreed to. Miss Bryers was directed to
select the necessary furniture, and on her handing
in the various bills cash was given her to dis-
charge them. At this period this artful young lady,
in order to still further blind her too-credulous rela-
tive to her machinations, requested him to accompany
her to make a morning call upon the lady of one of
the first merchants, at her residence at Clifton, and
told him that this lady was most intimate with Miss
—, and would no doubt induce her to immediately
name the day. Mr..Wooley, accordingly, accompa-
nied her in the carriage to Clifton to the house of Mrs.
—. When they arrived there, Miss Bryers per-
suaded him not to enter the house, but to remain in
the carriage while she went in and spoke to Mrs.
upon the subject, as they should not be able to con-
verse freely in his presence. Miss Bryers then went
into the house, and on being introduced to Mrs. —,
whom she had not at all known previously, informed
her that she had been taken suddenly ill at her door,
&c. It is needless to say that the lady, of course, sym-
pathised with her for her illness, and persuaded her to
take a glass of wine, which might recover her. The art-
ful girl did so, and took care to spill a portion of the
wine on her cambric handkerchief ; she then assured
the lady of the house that she felt better, and having
returned to the carriage told Mr. Wooley that she
was sorry to have detained him so long, but that
Mrs. had promised to go immediately to Miss
—, and that she would make her have a glass of
wine, and, "Bless Me," added she, "I declare I have
spilt some of the wine over my handkerchief." If any
doubts whatever had remained in Mr. Wooley's mind
he must have been more incredulous than the gene-
rality of men if he had any longer entertained the
slightest suspicion, and accordingly he procured the
license for their marriage in Redcliff church.
Bridal dresses and presents were prepared, bride-
cake ordered, and every arrangement made for the
performance of the ceremony ; on the day preceding
which, however, a strange series of events took place.
In the afternoon of that day Mr. Wooley sent to the
house of the Rev. Marcus D'Arcy Irvine, to request
that gentleman to perform the ceremony on the en-
suing morning. The Reverend Gentleman was,
however, gone out to a dinner-party, and Mr.
Wooley, the anxiousbridegroom, sent again
and again, at six o'clock, at eight o'clock,
and at ten o'clock at night, before Mr. Irvine
returned home, who then stated that he would per-
form theseremony in the morning, but that it was a
strange tfine of night to come to a clergyman about
such an affair. In the meantime, the confectioner,
who had orders to make the bridecake, happening to
see one of the brothers of Miss --, the circum-
stance was mentioned, to the utter astonishment of
that gentleman, who immediately communicated the
intelligence to his brother and Miss --; and, as
was to' be expected, finding that their sister had never
teen Mr. Wooley nor knew aught of the matter,
They determined that a respectable man like Mr.
Wooley should not be made the victim of so cruel a
hoax. They, in the evening of the same day, went to
his house, sent in their card, and desired to speak with
him. Mr. Wooley was at home, but, being persuaded
by Miss Bryers that they had found it out and were
only come to stop the marriage, lie had himself denied,
and would not see them. These gentlemen, how-
ever, in the most praiseworthy manner, made another
effort to undeceive him, and wrote him two notes,
desiring to see him at their counting-house on busi-
ness of the utmost importance, at the earliest hour in
the morning, and before he went anywhere else,
These notes, however, together with their call, and
the answer of the Rev. Mr. Irvine, only strengthened

him in the opinion that their object was to prevent
the marriage, and at the persuasion of Miss Bryers he
felt convinced that they should be interrupted if he
attempted to get married at St. Mary Redcliffe
Church, and that they had better get married near
London. With this view the sister-in-law was dis-
patched to Miss —, to inform her of this alteration,
and make the necessary arrangements. This being
done, Miss Bryers, in the most artful manner, in-
formed Mr. 'Wooley the next day that, in consequence
of the brothers having found it out, there had been a
great disturbance, and that Miss -- had left her
home, and was then in the house, where she would
remain until the day of their starting for London,
but that no one must see her except Miss
Bryers, not even the servant,
as her eha-
racter would be compromised if it should
ever become known that she had been in his (Mr.
Wooley's) house before they were married. In
order to favour this deception, Miss Bryers had pro
cured the daughter of a neighbour who was kept up
stairs by her, and requested to frequently walk about.
" There," said Miss Bryers, "don't you hear her, over
head walking about—how agitated she must be, poor
thing!" Mr. Wooley pressed very hard to be allowed
to see her, but this was still refused, and tender billets
were passed by the hands of Miss Bryers, upstairs
and down, almost every half hour; and at length, in
compliance with his tender entreaties, the lady above
-stairs agreed that on his retiring to rest at night he
might shake hands with her, but that he must not at-
tempt to force his way into the room. Accordingly
on going to bed at night a hand was put out through
the door, and tenderly kissed by him, which hand it now
turns out was that ofhis sister-in-law, Miss Bryers. On
the few.* morning it was arranged that they should
star' i.cr London, and the supposed Miss de-
scended Lo the carriage thickly veiled, and accom-
panied by Mr. Wooley, Miss Bryers, and a male friend
of Mr. Wooley's. They proceeded to Bath, where
they dined at an hotel, Miss Bryers and the lady in
one room, and Mr. Wooley and his male friend in
another. The male friend then returned to Bristol,
and the other parties proceeded to London, where a
license was procured, and after the fourteen days had
transpired which by law they were compelled to re-
main, they were married, Miss Bryers officiating as
bridesmaid. After the marriage they drove to the
country, and visited the Isle of Wight, Southamp-
ton, &c., driving everywhere with four horses, and
living in the first style to pass away the honeymoon,
and on Monday last Mr. Wooley and his bride returned
to Bristol. On the day after their arrival at home
friends called, as is usual, to offer their congratula-
tions. Amongst them was Mr. —, who, on seeing
the lady, said, " Why, my dear Wooley, I thought
you had told me that you had married Miss —,
of —, sister to the Messrs. —, African mer-
chants ?"—" So I have," replied Mr. Wooley, " this
lady was Miss —, she is now Mrs. Wooley."—
"That lady !" exclaimed the friend; "she is no more
Miss than I ain." The friend then departed, and
Mr. Wooley immediately charged his wife with what
he had said, "Indeed," said the lady, "ru convince
you and all the world in the morning that I was
Miss —, for your sister-in-law and myself will go
to my brothers and bring away the deeds of my pro-
perty, &c." Upon hearing this Mr. Wooley was reas-
sured, and everything passed off well until the morning,
when the bride and Miss Bryers went out for the purpose
as stated by her he pie Ceding evening. It is needless to
say that theyalsg6inded, and have not since been heard
of and Mr. Wooley discovered, that instead of having
married the rich Miss—, with 47,0001. besides ex-
pectancies, lie was, through the contrivance of Miss
Bryers, married to a person bearing, indeed, the same
name, but not worth 47 pence. How the affair will
end we know not; but it will doubtless furnish abun-
dant occupation to the gentlemen of the long robe.
Supposing the wife to be a party to the fraud, we
should suppose that a marriage under such circum-
stances would not be valid. What were the reasons

inducing Miss 13ryers to play her brother-in-law such
a trick remain a profound secret. It is right to state
that the lady whose name was so unwarrantably made
use of to deceive Mr. Wooley not only knew nothing
of the transaction, but is a perfect stranger to both
Mr. Wooley and Miss Bryers.

CHARGE OF ARSON AT LIVER-
POOL.
The Liverpool Mail of yesterday contains a long
account of the examination of a man, named Patrick
Doran, on the charge of setting fire to his premises,
which are insured for 5001. The following abstract
of the evidence will show the nature of the suspicions
entertained against the prisoner.
Alexander Beesley was the first witness called.
He deposed as follows :—I am a labourer. I did not
know the prisoner before. I saw him on Friday
night last, about twelve o'clock, in the house of Mr.
Bushell, a carter. Mr. Bushell's house was next
door to the prisoner's, in Crompton-street. There was
a gateway between the two houses. The prisoner
was about half drunk when I saw him. lle said
that " if his mistress had not been master of his place
it would have been burned long since—that he had
five tons of oakum there, and that it would make
a fine bonfire." Mr. and Mrs. Bushell went up stairs
about the same time. I said to the prisoner that he
deserved horsewhipping for using such language. In
consequence of what fell from him I stopped on the
premises all night.
Cross-examined by Mr. James—Had no acquaint-
ance with the prisoner before that time, nor on any
occasion. Bushell's is not a public but a private
house. Jack Dan and a man named Rogers were in
the house part of the time. Rogers was present, and
a stranger, whom I never saw before, when the pri-
soner made use of the language. Rogers is in Court,
and was in attendance upon the Magistrates yesterday,
but was not examined. All the persons at Bushell's
were strangers to me. I took a walk out to cee the
fire that night, and Bushell being an acquaintance of
mine I went in. I was rot drinking there, and only
took a drink of water. No drink was produced. The
prisoner was in the house about an hour and a half ;

he came about 12 o'clock. This was the Friday night
before the prisoner's house had been set on fire. I
remained up the whole night, and stopped in one of
the sheds occasionally, until half-past six in the
morning. Mrs. Bushell's female servant and a
carter were with me. I was never alone with the
servant. The carter's name is Rogers, the man
I mentioned before. Sometimes they went out, and
sometimes I went out during the night. We were then
about three or four yards from the stable that was
burned at the back of Bushell's house. I went out to
the stable during the night to see the prisoner's
premises, because I was afraid of the great fire ex-
tending across to them. The great fire was a long
way from the premises of the prisoner. It was more
than 100 yards. It was not in consequence of the
great fire being raging that I remained up through-
out the night, but solely in consequence of what the
prisoner had said. If there had been no fire I would
not have remained up. The prisoner was not so drunk
but he knew what he was about. I swear positively
that I would not have remained up if it had not been
for what the prisoner said he would do. I said very
few words to any one about what had fallen from his
lips, but I told Mr. Bushell that " he was deter-
mined_ to de it." That's the word I said to Bushell
the very same night in his house. Bushell was pre-
sent when the prisoner used the words, and he must
have heard them, for Bushell and himself were talk-
ing together. I did not ask Bushell to employ me to
watch, nor was I employed by any one. Bushell did
not pay me for sitting up, nor did I receive pay
from any one for watching that night. I am not to
receive any pay for watching. Bushell did not re-
main up himself, because he was unable, having for a
long time been confined from rheumatic fever. His
daughter remained up.. I know not whether she is in
Court. When the prisoner came into Bushell's he
said, " How is my neighbour getting on ?" He then
said, " It is a pity they weren't all on fire at once,
and they should be before a week was over." Let
him contradict me if he can, for it is the truth I am
speaking. He was the worse for liquor, about half-
and-half, but he could walk as straight and as steady
as any body. When he went out, I did not go out
with him. I did not see any one follow him. I knew
he would take means to carry his threat into execu-
tion. I thought so at least; but Bushell's daughter
said—" It's no use to keep watch, he's only indul-
ging in his nonsense:' I said it was very queer non-
sense. Bushell did riot also say that the prisoner was
in his nonsense. I did not mention to any one that it
would be prudent to go and see where the prisoner
went. I went out by the back-door, and the prisoner
left by the front, but I never watched him into his
own house. I am a bailiff as well as a carter. I have
been employed as a bailiff for the last three years, and
am in employment at present. I am not occasionally
employed as a watchman, but only as a bailiff. The
prisoner had nothing to drink while he was at Bushell's.
I had been at Bushell's about two hours when the p •
seller came in, I went there at ten o'clock, and
was
in the house when the prisoner entered. I left the
house before the prisoner entered, to see how the great
fire was getting on. It was not for the
same
that I went out after he did come in, but it purpose
Ws mere
for fear of him. I looked all around thek
buildingsloo
looked
be-
fore lie entered, and, amongst other places,
at Bushell's stable.
James Walley examined—l live in London-road.
and know Sixsmith's public-house at the corner of
the h
Crompton-street. I am inabit of going there
daily. I was there on Monday night from about eight
till near two o'clock on . uesday mornin. I had
occasion, about half-past
H
back premises, where there is o'clock
yard, in consequence
lock to go into the
of a young man saying a
had fallen out of the hat one of the young pigeons
poxes. I went with the young
man to look for it.
W
while there, I W 0 had a light with us, and,
perceived a lump of hemp or tow, or
something of that sort, which had a parcel of oil or
turpentine over it. It was of a dark brown colour,
and I believe it is commonly called oakum. I spoke
to the young man about it, and lie said that perhaps
• some one threw it over from the fire. On looking

Ifurther about I saw two or three more pieces of oakum
mixed with turpentine, and made a remark that it
was rather singular. I left the oakum in the yard,
after we had put the pigeon in the box. We then
returned to the house, and in about ten minutes we
heard the cry of " fire" outside. None of the oakum
in the yard appeared to have been ignited. [A small
bag filled with oakum and saturated with turpentine
was here produced. and identified as that found in the
yard.] Five separate pieces of the oakum had been
found, one of them on the top of a hen-coop. When
the alarm of fire had been raised, I immediately re-
collected the extraordinary circumstance, and ran into
the yard to put the oakum out of the way. At the
end of the yard there was an entry through which
any person might pass.
William Norman examined—l am the waiter at
hadotl beenrs.
Sixsmith's public-house. Many persons come in
there in the course of the day, labouring men and
Iwsoarwkinogneamt
saonmien
tdnurrpienngtinMe,obnudat
pass through the yard. I have seen the pieces of
Yhel asd
itdwnhoot
oakum produced. I saw three •
different pieces of
them lying in the yard. I was
the servant in the house
all day.
The evidence against the prisoner being closed,
Mr. RUSHTON said—So fiir as the art'charged
parties .
with the prosecution are aware their P case will termi-
nate here; but you, Mr. James, must not depend upon
that.fact. If you think it right to enter - upon the - pri-
soner's defence now, I am willing to hear you.
Mr. James—l should wish the whole case • against
the prisoner to be gone into in the first instance.
Mr. RUSHTON-4 am not aware, after having coin-
' municated with Mr. Dowling, whether there be any
more evidence to be offered; but you are well aware
that additional evidence may be produced before the
Grand Jury. There may be now, even after I shall
have heard your defence, sufficient evidence whereon
to commit the prisoner for trial. Would you like, under
such circumstances, to proceed with your defence to-
night, or would you prefer waiting until to-morrow ?
Mr. James—l have such a body of evidence to
bring forward, that I certainly should like a post-
ponement until to-morrow, if (and I should like to
obtain 3,our opinion upon this point) you think there
is a sufficient case made out against the prisoner.
Mr. Itusirroil—lf you leave the case as it now
stands, I shall certainly commit him for trial.
Mr. James—ln that case I would address a few
observations to you upon the evidence, in the hope—
Mr. RUSHTON-It will be better for you to go into
your case first.

- Mr. James—The question seems to be, whether I
shall do so to-night, or postpone it until to-morrow.
Mr. RUSUTON—Decidedly. I am willing to sit and
hear it to-night if you like.
Mr. James—l think, acting on my own discretion,
although there seems to be a difference of opinion on
the point, that I should prefer having it adjourned
until to-morrow ; for I came into Court very much
unprepared, and, I may say, totally unacquainted
with the facts of the case. I feel that the interests of
my client warrant me in praying for a postponement.
Mr. RUSUTON—You shall have it.

The Court adjourned at half-past six o'clock, and
the prisoner was ordered to be confined meanwhile in
the main Bridowell.

(From the Liverpool Mercury of yesterday)
The examination was again resumed on Thursday,
before Mr. Rushton. The Court was, as on the pre-
ceding days, exceedingly crowded.
Mr. James wished to know whether Mr. Rushton
intended to commit the prisoner at all events ?
Mr. RusuToN said he should eommit him if the
case was left in its present state, but he was quite
capable of receiving impressions in favour of the
prisoner.
Mr. James then entered into a very clever and
able defence on behalf of the prisoner, contending
that it was extremely improbable, from the nature
of the evidence produced against him, and
from the circumstances which he should lay
before them in the course of the defence,
that he (the prisoner) had been guilty of the serious
crime with which he stood charged. He then
went over the evidence against the prisoner, remark-
ing that unless they could produce some facts connect-
ing the prisoner immediately with the fire, there
could be no charge to send him before a Jury; and if
they separated the testimony of Alice Service from
the rest, (and in his opinion her testimony was con-
sistent in many particulars,) there was no evidence at
all on which to found the charge. He then called

the following witnesses for the de-fence :
John Magee, a labourer, in Doran's employ, had
been keeping watch since the great fire, and was at
home on Monday evening last. Darragan called,
about half-past five, for Doran to go to the Theatre.
Doran went, and left witness and Mrs. Doran in the
the house. She afterwards followed them, and Magee
remained in the house to take care of it. Witness
went to bed, after putting out the fire, about eight
o'clock. Laid down in Mrs. Doran's room, and went
to sleep, but was roused soon after by the alarth
of fire.
By Mr. Dowling—Don't know who assisted him
in getting out the drawers, which were lost in the
street, and had not been seen since. Witness said his
master exerted himself very much in trying to extin-
guish the fire and also in saving the property.
Edward Bannon, an apprentice to a pawnbroker,
was at the Amphitheatre, on Monday night last,
in the boxes, and saw prisoner there, about half
an hour after he had been in. his wife and he
were together, in a seat behind witness, along with
Daragan, Davidson, M'Camley, and some others.
Left the box about half an hour after first seeing
him, and remained away about a quarter of an
hour, and on returning, saw him again in the
same box, and also some time afterwards, from
time to time. Prisoner could not have left the
box while witness was there. When out the second
time heard the clock strike ten, and on returning, went
to the top of the stairs, and heard a rattle. Said
to the check-taker—" Holloa, there is another fire,"
but the check-taker said it was the old fire which had
broken out again. Saw Mr. Ready there, and said to
the check-taker, there was a friend of his who lived
near the fire, and he would go and tell him. Went
to the box and told Doran, and went out with him as
far as Queen-square, and then left him on his way
home. Prisoner said he thought it was only the
ruins of the old fire, and if so, would come back.

Robert Davison, cotton-dealer, was at the Amphi•
theatre on Monday night, and saw Doran there and
spoke to him. Bannon came in and told prisoner
about the fire, and they went out together. Prisoner
did not leave the box before that time.

Terence Magee, a cotton dealer, and an acquaint-
ance of prisoners deposed to being at the theatre, and
seeing Doran, who was in the same box with him.
Witness left him about half-past nine, and on his re-
turn found him still there, Bannon came to him
about the fire. The prisoner did not go out at all ex-
cept when he went out with Bannon.
Terence Darragan called—Was an acquaintance of
prisoner, and was at the Amphitheatre with him on
the night in question, the circumstances of which
were the same as those given by other witnesses.
Other witnesses made the same statement.
Joseph Henry stated that he was at the theatre on
Monday with his mother, and an alarm of fire being
given, Doran left the box.
Ellen Connor, who keeps a temperance hotel in
Queen's-square, saw the prisoner at the theatre on
Monday night, from time to time, for about an hour.
wessceosaoo
-
It was after eight o'clock. Did not hear any alarm
tene
of fire, nor see Doran go out.
theTshaommea se
vlidieeini
crye ,a
sdetahlee r
foirnmderani age cotton, gave
v
Amphitheatre, and i
leaving about
ran being at the
o'clock.
William Beady took part in the afiltirs at the
thea-
tre on Monday night. When the check-taker said
the fire had broke out again, the
with witness Bannon
went in and told Doran, who came out •
after, and they left the heatre together.
th him soon
These were all the witnesses for
Mr. ResieroN said he had the defence.
an
which would prevent him clo • inquiry to make
sin
but he would do so on Fridg the case that night,
after two o'clock as possiblaY (yesterday), as soon
e.
The examination
occupied upwards of four hours.

THE STATUE OF WILLIAM IV.—On Wednesday
an immense block of Haytor or Devonshire granite
was removed from Tuckwell's Norway IVharf,
Greenwich, to Chadwick's-wharf, Millbank, for the
purpose of forming the lower part of the statue of the
late King.
Its weight is thirty tons, of an octagonal
shape, and it was placed on a truck: made chiefly of
iron,
weighing six tons, and was draw n from the
wharf by twenty of the largest and most powerful
horses. It was landed on Friday last from a vessel by
means of the largest crane ever used for such a put.-
pose in London. In consequence of its enormous
weight, intimation of its approach was sent to the D
tors of the Croy donitailway Company, and Mr. Gregory,
the engineer at the New Cross station, instantly sur-
veyed the bridge, which is made of iron, and at once
directed a strong shoring to be placed under the
bridge, to guard against any accident that might arise
owing to the pressure from above. It took upwards
of six hours to remove it from the wharf into the
street, the earth having sunk in several places from
the weight. Another block of the same granite,
weighing fourteen tons, was removed from the wharf
yesterday to the works at Trafalgar-square, Charingi-
cross, to form a portion of the abacus of the Nelson
pillar, and is of a somewhat triangular shate•-: "2„
entire erection, with the statue in the (-;,_itY1e.,„,;,7
weigh about 140 tons ; the head, &c., of tlw
alone requiring about ten tons.
RAILWAY TRAFFIC.--A Shareholder in mealy Rill'',
ways accounts for the diminution in Railway receipts
during the months of June, July, August, and Sep-
tember this year, as compared 'with the corresponding
months of last year, by the fact; of a general election
and a double session of Parliament. One Railway car-
ried 37,000 passengers, paid for by contending parties
—all honest, corrupt, or corruptible.

6PIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS,

FROM TEE DAILY PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.

CHRONICLE.—We have already shown that
Lord Ashburton's capitulation has been in its
great features needless and an injurious surren-
der to the United States of British rights and
interests; that it has yielded up a territory con-
sisting of about seven thousand square miles, to
which the right of England had been recently
established, and that it has given to the United
States additional means of attack against our
North American provinces in case of war. But
it' the smaller details of the treaty are examined,
it will be seen that they are all framed " inn the
same spirit," to use the phrase of the New York
dinner, namely, in the spirit of entire submis-
sion, in every respect, to American pretensions
and encroachments; for, not only have all points
on which the construction of the treaty of
178:3 had been disputed been given up to the
United States, but a wanton concession has
been made to them on a point with regard
to which the treaty of 1783 was precise and
unquestioned. The treaty of 1783 says that part
of the boundary is to consist ofa line to be drawn
due north from the source of the river St. Croix,
and that this line is to be continued up to the
highlands described in the treaty. In the years
1817 and 1818 surveyors were employed on both
sides to draw this line from that point which the
two Governments had bound themselves by the
treaty of 1798 to consider as the source of the St.
Croix. These commissioners, however, did not
profess that the line which they partly marked
out was to be the final boundary, nor was it ever
till now acknowledged to be such by the British
and American Governments. It was always
described as being that which it really was,
namely, an " exploratory north line ;" a line
eut through the matted wilderness and forest
to pave the way for a more accurate line to be
traced out afterwards. Accordingly, as this
line was understood not to be a final one, the
English surveyors were careless in tracing it ;
but not so the American surveyors, who seem to
have outwitted their English colleagues as much
as Mr. Webster has outwitted Lord Ashburton.
At every prolongation of the line, from station to
station of observation, the American surveyors
kept edging away to the eastward instead ofgoing
due north; after a certain distance, it is believed
the English surveyors went away and left the
Americans to finish the work ; and the result is,
that this " exploratory north line" runs to the
eastward of the north, and at its intersection
%sit!' the St. John, is at a considerable distance
from the true meridian of the head of the St.
Croix. This must have been known to the Bri-
tish Government and to Lord Ashburton, at all
events, it ought to have been known to
them. Now, in the late treaty, Lord Ashbur-
ton, instead of adhering to the words of the
tiseaty of 1783, which say that the line is- to be
drawn due north from the source of the St. Croix,
adopts instead of such a line the exploratory line
traced out by the surveyors in 1817 and 1818,
which has been proved by subsequent observa-
tions to be an unfair and considerable encroach-
ment upon the territory of New Brunswick. The
treaty of 1783 says that the boundary line is to
be drawn along the highlands down to the north-
westernmost head of the Connecticut river, and
e.differenee arose between the two Governments
NV ilich that head was. The British Government
coo ten ded that it was the head of that river which
bears the name of the Connecticut from its source,
and which traverses a lake called the Connecti-
cot Lake; 'while the American Government in-
sisted that it was the head of a small tributary
stream .which falls into the Connecticut some
way. below Connecticut Lake, and which has
never been called the Connecticut River,
hut bears the name of " Hall's Stream."
The head of " Hall's Stream" is no more the
head of the Connecticut, than the head of the
Wei or the Colne are the head of the Thames.
The. King of Holland decided this question in
Our favour, and the late Commissioners, Captain
IsToughton and Mr. Featherstonhaugh, report
'`:at the river Connecticut, at the point where
Hall's Stream falls into it, is so much the largest
of' the two that not a doubt can exist as to which
is the main river, and which the tributary stream.
liat the admission of the head of Hall's
Stream as the north-westernmost head of
the Connecticut, gives to the United States
a tract of about fifteen miles in length
and breadth, which they would not get, if '
the true head of the river were adopted; and,
therefore, it can be no matter for surprise that
Lord Ashburton has adopted in his treaty the
head of Hall's Stream, as the head of the Con-
necticut.
HERALD.—The (setting rid of the substitu-
tion of female and infant for male labour in our
factories, is not merely desirable on humane and,
econoinical grounds,—the restoration of' adult
male labour is absolutely necessary. as a con-
dition precedent to the only effectual cure of the
evils of our manufacturing system,—the moral
an:l religions culture of the operatives. It is
idle to erect churches, to endow incumbencies,
to establish schools, to extend missionary exer-
tions, or to rely on either lay or Scriptural edu.
cation, until factory wives are restored to their
husbands, mothers to their children, and children
to their homes—until men are enabled by their
labours to support their families—and until youth
in Lancashire and Yorkshire be again the season
of instruction, of domestic nurture, and of glad.
lien's, until it be a fit preparation for manhood
and age, and be not converted into the foun-
dation of disease, the period of exhausting ex-
cision, and of tuition in vice. Vain are all our
efforts to extend opportunities of moral
and religious education so long as wives
support by their intense and wasting labour in
mills and factories their husbands, so long as
fashers are compelled to remain in their squalid
risiens nursing infants, so long as the work of
children half fills the daily pot, so long as the
existence of an adult male almost depends on his
having sons and daughters whose premature
es ertions he can sell to capital. Until this per-
version of social, moral, and economical laws
and duties be obliterated from Manchester and
the other seats of our manufactures, the
heathenism, the savage discontent, the anti-social
Coinbinations and confederations, the insanitary
condition, and the rapidly augmenting vice of
their population must flourish in all their rank ,
luxuriance, in all their pestilential vigour, cor-
fopting and polluting by their miasmatic exha-
.ations the great body of labour throughout the
United kingdom. "The great undertaking of
stoniestic regeneration," to use Lord Ashley's sue.
gestive language, must be fairly commenced before
We can 'hope for any but isolated and uncon-
nected, and peKliaps evanescent instances of the
i;11,..!Cf..)5S of moral and religious instruction ; and
that commencement is to be indicated by the
''ehinloyment of men instead of women and
"i-,lii!dren. This is the condition precedent, the
issdiminary requirement to religious and educa-
stiheal means of improvement.

f

POST.—_Mistaken as we believe that part ,of
111;. new tariff which permits the introduction of
fweign cattle at a duty of 1/. a-bead, the evil is
not seen in half its magnitude till we contem-
Oate the effects of the clauses regulating the bn-
p,)rtation of store meat. The hardships of this
later branch of the law will be little less than
tplerable. They will soon be crowding on us,
•:atpl if we cannot avert them, we shall at least do

our' duty by keeping people's minds in a state of
p7eparation----by putting them on their guard, if
.80 they can in any way mitigate the force of the
°low. We would just ask our readers to carry
~It,r'ith them the terms of the navy provisions con-
rsa.‘et—terais dictated by the Government which '
to Tosed and carried the tariff. The meat is
be of the " cure" of the United Kingdom. The
Goyernme
lb, nt which proposed the introduction
i foreign salted
-tit'. of the meat for the general consump-
s,me public public,ealled thought their duty to that
on them to exclude it from
the consumption of theb navy. Far be it from us
to complain of this •
,aout. we sayequivocal, though that it is an un-
had indirecte confession, that
-the law is itself a
ver7:ment credit for sao•aen•et. We give the Go-
much as for in-
tec,-il ty. The blunders of the Naysise are proverbial.
We believe they made a .
'up their tariff, and we arei;vl
witting to think that,
mistake in drawing
mistakes, they did,
having discovered one of t
1 1:-.! honest men, endeavour, in thise'
outract bu-
hitless, to do something towards its retrieval.
TIMES.—The state of the gum trade on the
we;tern coast of Africa has recently excited
sil•_,rable interest in France, partly from the ex-
do j
ive commerce which the French merchat
of-Senegal claim in that article, and partly from
the measures which the Government has been
compelled to adopt, in order to save these very
merchants from absolute ruin: The subject is

not unconnected with the British interest in the
trade at Portendic and other parts of the western
coast of Africa; but the most curious part of it is
the extraordinary course which the Government
seem disposed to adopt for the relief of the mer-
cantile population in the colony. Senegal is the
oniy colonial dependency of France which can
be said to be in a prosperous condition. The
total value of its export and import trade in the
course of eight years, from 1831 to 1838,
amounted to 80,000,000 francs--the last year of
this period alone being returned for a quar-
ter of the whole .aggregate value. But
Senegal is not so much a colony as a trad-
ing outpost or mere commercial position.
The climate and the soil forbid the ope-
rations of European agriculture, or the influx of
uropean population, and although the com-
a E

mand of the river Senegal gives the French full
possession of one of the finest navigable inlets of
Western Africa, whose right bank is still inha-
bited by the Moorish tribes contiguous to the
Great Desert, whilst the left is peopled by the
Negro race, the commerce carried on upon its
shores is of the most limited kind of barter. A
kind of blue cloth, expressly manufactured fur
those countries, is the only article which the
Moors will receive from the European traders,
or rather from their agents; and the gum col-
lected in the stunted forests of those savage
regions is the only commodity which they offer
in exchange. The consequence of this primitive
state of things is, that as money and credit are
unknown, a falling off or an excess of the ex-
changeable commodities on either side threatens
the trader with ruin. Of late years, the Moors
have brought down less gum every season ; the
quantity in 1841 was scarcely more than half
what it was in 1838: and at the same
time fresh capital has been embarked in the
trade, the importation of European manufactures
continued to increase, and these consignments
far exceeding in value the whole :quantity of
broughtgum to market, the inevitable conse-
quence was the ruin of the Senegal merchant,
and a considerable loss to his correspondent in
France.. These are the ordinary results of over-
trading, Which naturally presented themselves
at a very early stage of a rude traffic, where no
variety of commodities, no specie, and none of
the artificial machinery of commerce existed to
lighten the pressure on the market. Under
these circumstances, instead of leaving the evil
to right itself, the French Government was in-
duced to create a monopoly by an ordinance of
the 9th of February last, by which the whole
trade in gum is made over to a Company with a
capital of about 50,0001. The shareholders in
this Company must all be merchants or agents
established at Senegal; the shares held by each
are limited in amount; but as we have already
stated that most of the .Senegal merchants have
been reduced to a state of insolvency by the disas-
trous operations of the last three years, and conse-
quently have not the means of availing them-
selves of a measure especially intended for their
relief, their creditors may take shares in their
names and appropriate three-quarters of the di-
vidend. This Company is constituted for five
years; during which period the whole trade of
the river is secured to it, but the rate of barter
at which the cloths and gum are to be exchanged
is to be fixed by the Governor in Council. Of
course, the immediate effect of such a measure
has been to put an interdict on those French
commercial houses which had engaged in the
gum-trade with sufficient capital to enable
them to weather the crisis, so fatal to the co-
lonial speculators. Accordingly, the resistance
which such a proceeding has called forth in
France is even greater than the satisfac-
tion it has given to the fortunate mono-
polists in the colony ; and a commission has
been appointed to examine into their rival
claims. In recapitulating these facts, we have
done little more than follow the narrative which
the Journal des Debats has recently given of
the whole transaction. But at a time when the
practice of interposing the influence of the State
in commercial transactions for the purpose of
supporting what must fall, and of depressing
what ought to rise, is universally reprobated by
all who have the slightest acquaintance with the
principles of trade, we will venture to assert that
no other Government but that of France would
dream of superseding the existing operations of
substantial merchants in the mother country for
the purpose of conferring a monopoly on the in-
solvents in a colony. Such a monopoly can
scarcely fail to give a stimulus to the gum trade
on the parts of the coast. where it does not exist,
and the consequences of such an experiment will
probably add an amusing chapter to the history
of blunders in commercial legislation.
GLOBE.—It is strongly surmised that, pre-
viously to the meeting of Parliament, Lord
Stanley will be pitchforked into the House of
Peers. The extreme age of the Duke of Wel-
lington renders him obviously incapable of the
constant attendance and active participation in
the debates which the Ministerial leadership im-
poses on him ; if indeed, his official duties as Com-
mander-in-Chief of the Army, did not render such
a participation both impossible and improper.
Lord Wharncliffe is found incompetent, from
want of the necessary tact; and one more ready
of speech, and more conversant with the general
business of the Government, is deemed necessary.
Sir Robert Peel also finds himself embarrassed
by the difficulties in which Lord Stanley's pre-
sence in the Commons constantly places him.
The Noble Lord is of too ardent temperament,
and independent spirit, to allow himself to be
confined within the limits of his own depart-
ment ; and is so little to be trusted in gene-
ral debate, that the utmost skill of his
leader sometimes fails to extricate him and
the Government from the consequences of Ltis
indiscretion. How
,far the latter evil would be
mitigated by trusting Lord Stanley with the re-
sponsible post of leader in the Lords, may be
doubted; nor is it likely that the discordant ele-
ments of that assembly, which can scarcely be
kept within bounds by the prestige of the Duke
of Wellington's name, and the almost martial dis-
cipline he enforces upon them, will submit to be
"led "by a newly-made Peer; who must, to a
great extent, be ignorant of their forms, and be
destitute of the influence which is essential to
command attention.
STANDARD.—A Stockport newspaper gives
a melancholy account of the consequences of the
late turn-out in that borough. From its statistics
it would appear that a sum little short of 75,000/.
has been lost to the inhabitants of that town
alone by the late strike. Some notion may
thus be formed of the enormous sacrifices that
must have been made by the operative classes of
the district, to enable them to remain out of
work for so long a period. Setting aside the
waste of their former earnings, and the dissipa-
tion of the funds of their benefit and friendly
societies, the nature of their privations
during this long and profitless struggle must
have been most severe. But what care the
leading instigators of this fatal demonstration for
their sufferings ? To many of them, indeed,
conscious of over production, and anxious not to
increase their stocks until they could do so at a
lower rate of wages, the excuse for temporarily
shutting up their mills was rather convenient
than otherwise ; and having the two-fold object
of alarming the Government and grinding the
faces of the manufacturing poor at the same time,
they set about the work energetically and in
good earnest; and although they have miserably
failed in accomplishing either object, whatever
sacrifices toe attempt has cost has fallen wholly
on the victims of their cunning. No one
who remembers the menaces which preceded the
late disturbances on the part of the Anti-Corn-
Leaguers and their emissaries, can arrive at any
other conviction than that the whole conspiracy
was deliberately planned and carried, with the
most perfect concert, into effect. Not content
with originating the movement, the
their
Anti-Corn-
law agitators did every thing in
increase it. The disturbances are
nowpoll'averPto
at end, but in the interim the pooreriemclasfsoersPcydf'
these populous districts (many of them
into a temporary association with the rioters)
have been, and still are called upon to endure
the severest privations for their credulity; whilst
even those who, by a return to their respec-
tive occupations, can provide with decency for
their families, have been deprived by their long:
cessation from work, of comforts which savings, so
fruitlessly expended ' might have procured for
them. The aggregate amount of money which
has been squandered in this outbreak must, in-
deed, be a frightful sum, if' that of a single be-
rough has been correctly estimated, at 75,000/.
Dearly as it has been purchased, however, the
lesson cannot fail of proving an impressive one ;
since it will teach the humbler classes how
little faith they can repose in those dema-
gogues who have called upon them for sacri-
fices they have themselves been unwilling
to incur ; and who have endeavoured to make
them instruments of their own malignant
passions, without the most remote prospect of
advantage. If the estimate of the Stockport
journalist be correct, several -hundred thousand
pounds must have been squandered in this fruit-
less contest—a debt for which the League are
morally responsible to their victims. To this

amount, the enormous expense to which the
country has been put for restoring and maintain-
ing the public peace, and compensating for pro-
perty wantonly and wickedly destroyed, has of

course to be added; and it is not until the balance
has been duly ascertained that the country can
fully appreciate the extent of its obligations to
Anti-Corn-law agitators.

' MASONIC INTELLIGENCE.—We are glad to hear
that a grand demonstration will take place early next
month, on the occasion of layinc, the foundation stone
of the Reading Cemetery. The Brethren in Berk-
shire aro making every arrangement to do due honour
to the occasion ; and from the ready mode of access
by railway, and its short distance from town, it is
fully expected that there will be a large muster of
the Brethren, not only from the neighbourhood and
the province, but from London ; also, such an occur-
rence as the laying of a stone with Masonic honours
not having taken place for many years in the town of
Reading, no doubt will cause a great influx of
n
on the occasion. We believe that the stone
willt
laid by J. Ramsbottom, Es q., M.P., Prom-
or Berks.—Advertiser.
cs iar la Grand
iNhs ter f

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS,

FROM TUE MORNING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
TIMES.—Out letters from Amsterdam advert to
the failure of recent negotiations at the Hague as. the
cause of the decline in the value of Dutch Stock. It
appears that the impossibility had been recognised of
getting through the number of small claims which
Belgium had against Holland, and which were to be
deducted from the sum which Belgium had to pay
Holland, according to the treaty of April, 1839.
Belgium was therefore requested to name a certain
sum, the payment of which would satisfy all her
claims, and the Belgian Commissioner went to his
country to settle the amount. He has since returned,
and the sum claimed by Belgium is said to be so exor-
bitant that it will be impossible to bring the affair to a
conclusion, the amount being equal to one-fifth of that
due from Belgium to Holland.
The policy of the present duty on tobacco has
been lately examined at length by Mr. Todd, Chair-
man of the American Chamber of Commerce, in a
letter to Sir R. Peel. The purpsse of his communi-
cation is to show the expediency of reducing the rate
from 3s. per lb. to ls., for the benefit both of the
consumer and of the revenue. The present cost of
tobacco, including freight and all charges, being from
3d. to 4cl. per lb., it follows that the duty is 900 per
cent. on the value, and the cost of smuggling being
no more than 9id. per lb. (including the first cost), it
follows that the smuggler can sell his tobacco at
2s. 6d. per lb., which is 6d. less than the duty alone,
and can still gain ls. 8-id. By this a great tempta-
tion to the smuggler is clearly shown, and the
statistics of the consumption of tobacco from the
year 1801 to 1841 prove that it has not increased
according to the ratio of population, while the
consumption of tea and coffee has even increased
beyond that ratio. The tables showing the con-
sumption of these several articles for the years
above-mentioned give 77,6511. as the amount yielded
by coffee to the revenue in the year 1801, when
the duty was Is. 7d. per lb. ; 379,6501. for 1821,
when the duty was ls.; and 710,5241. for 1841,
when the duty was 6d. Tobacco in 1821, at 4s. per
lb., yielded 3,164,673/. ; and in 1841, at 3s. per lb.,
3,314,215/. ; the difference of the duty not being
sufficient to limit the profits of the smuggler to any
material extent. Ireland furnishes the American
with a further illustration of his views. In 1798 the
consumption there was 8,000,0001 b., and now, though
the population has doubled, it is about 3,000,00016.
less. The reason alleged is, that the duty was but
Bd. in 1798, and at that period England and Scotland
together, with more than double the population of
Ireland, consumed very little more tobacco, the duty
in England and Scotland being ls. 7d. The total
consumption of tobacco in Great Britain and Ireland
for the year 1841 is set down at 22,094,7721 b. ; but
this is merely the quantity that yields duty, and
Mr. Todd believes that the real quantity is about
53,711,8561 b., the bulk being supplied by the illicit
trader.
CHRONICLE.—The Emperor of Russia has pub-
lished an Ukase, authorising the banker, Baron Streg-
litz, of St. Petersburgh, to make a loan of 40 to 50
millions silver roubles to defray the expenses of the
railroad between St. Petersburgh and Moscow. For
the present year only eight millions roubles will be
issued, giving four per cent. interest, and the loan is
to be called the Second Four per Cent. Loan : inte-
rest to begin from the Ist of August. The dividends
are payable, Ist to 15th of February, and Ist to 15th
of August, at St. Petersburgh. The sinking fund
will amount to 75,000 roubles per annum for the first
two years ; and for the following two years, beginning
1845, 200,000 roubles. If, by and by, it should be
more advisable to issue the other parts of the loan at
3A- or 3 per cent. it will be done. The amount to be
issued every year will depend upon the outlay which
the railroad may require, and six months' notice will
be given to Baron Streglitz.
Letters from Amsterdam mention that the loan will
be issued in a very few days, and that it will most
probably come out there at about 94 to 95 per cent.
HERALD.—The recent failures in the Corn
Market and in Manchester appear to have exercised a
more sinister influence upon the Money Market, than
from the abundance of unemployed capital, and there •
fore of money, might have been anticipated. It is
remarked, in monetary circles, that an unusual scarcity
of good bills is apparent among those presented for
discount, and this. if true, necessarily tends to an in-
crease of caution in discount transactions. The scarcity
alluded to may, however, and most probably is, more
imaginary than real, that is relative rather than posi-
tive, and may be sufficiently explained upon the hypo-
thesis, or rather by the fact, that the class of bills
which some few weeks, or so far back as three months
ago, only would have been deemed unquestionable,
have now been disqualified as such from the unfortu-
nate casualties in those particular branches of the
trade with which connected. Thus many bills tainted
immediately or remotely with a corn trade or corn
speculative origin, the integrity of which it would
have been heresy to doubt some time since,
have now fallen under the ban of opinion,
and from being placed in the first rank of standard
discount values are reduced to a more dubious stand-
ing of second or third class mercantile securities. The
same may be said of some descriptions of Lancashire
paper values which have become discredited more or
less by recent joint• stock banking disclosures and
trading misadventures. The rates of discount have
consequently advanced, and money, of which so lately
there was a plethora, appears to have become scarce;
appears, it is said, because with a circulation so full as
at present, and with a demand for it for the active
purposes of trade so little, if at all, on the increase,
the fact cannot in reality be so. For first class, as
admitted to be so, the rate of discount is now 3 per
cent., so lately as low as 2i and even 2 per cent. For
other sorts of paper, which a short time ago would
have passed unquestioned, the rates cannot be fairly
specified, as they are of fluctuating amount according
to the faith and opinion of bankers and money-
brokers, and the subject therefore of special agre-e-
-ment between parties when accepted at all.
Custom-house frauds are not of course confined to
this country, nor, as it seems, is the discovery of them.
According to the Dutch papers a system of extensive
frauds has just been found out at Rotterdam, the ex-
planatory details of which, however, are not given,
further than that they have taken place in regard to
sugar, and that the Handelmaatshappy, the great
Netherlands Trading Company, will be the sufferer,
and not the Government.
The reports in the Herald and other papers re-
specting the frauds in the Custom-house here have
excited considerable interest, although so far it is
remarked that they do not quite fulfil the expecta-
tions raised by the promise of the astounding revela-
ions of fads and parties implicated which were to
follow. It is, however, considered to be impossibl=,
that the matter can stop where it is, and that in due
course the whole of the nefarious practices now
opened will be followed out. Where so many par-
ties are cognisant of course no secret can be kept for
any length of time, and if it could the approaching
session of Parliament must put an end to all mystery,
for a report will be called for and must be made by
the commission of inquiry. Such report cannot fail
necessarily to be full and complete, seeing so many
parties are mixed up in the inquiry both as witnesses
and as implicated in the malpractices so long going
on The immediate progress of the exposure is how
ever looked for with much anxiety, and the forth
coming articles in the papers are awaited with in
terest corresponding.

The sons of the Prince of Schonberg, accompanied
by their tutor, Professor Bach, of Halle, are, during
their vacation, paying a flying visit to our metropolis.
On Monday they were conducted by Mr. IL Fearon,
jun., over the St. Katharine and London Docks. In
one vault which they visited (there are eight others)
there are now 28,000 casks of wine; they then went
over the Custom-house, the Bank, and other City
establishments, with the colossal magnitude of which
they wereastonished and gratified. They proceed to
Manchester.
We understand that on the Ist of October the mu-
nicipal authorities of Manchester, Birmingham, and
.Bolton will, for the first time, undertake the direc-
tion and management of their own police. From
1839 to the present period the police force of Man-
chester and Birmingham has been under the corn-
mand of Sir Charles Shaw and Captain Burgess,
Commissioners appointed by Government. We have I
learnt with regret that Captain Burgess has received
an intimation from the town-clerk, that, by a reso-
lution of the "Watch Committee, his assistance - will
not be required after the Ist of October, the period
at which his services terminate ; and it is under-
stood that the authorities of Manchester have pre.
pared a force of 250 men, who are, on the Ist of
October, to take the duty now performed by Sir
Charles Shaw's force, which, it is said, are then to
he disbanded. The arrangements with regard to
Bolton have not transpired. Colonel Angelo was
appointed the Commissioner of Police for Bolton by
the Whig Government in 1839 ; but, after organizing
the necessary force of about 20 men, the Gallant Co-
lonel, in a spirited letter to the Mayor of Bolton, re-
signed his appointment, freely expressing his opinion
that it would be " a complete robbery for him to ac-
cent from the town of Bolton a salary of 500/. per
annum for an office, the duties of which could be per-
formed by a corporal in the regular service." Col.
Angelo is now one of the candidates for the office of
Commissioner of Police for the City of London in the
event of a vacancy, through the election' o: Mr.
Whittle liarver to the situation of High Bailiff of
Southwark. Some change in the discipline of the
City police is evidently necessary, for, with some very
few exceptions, they are perfectly unequal' to their
duty.— Times.
NEWPORT, PEMBROKESHIRE, SEPT. 26.—A water-
spout was seen in this Bay, 21st inst. It'assumed the
form of an upright column, and afterwards an invirtee '
cone; a small quantity of water fell on its bursting,
when the lower parts entirely disappeared, and the
summits united into a dense body resembling a thick
cloud.