The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-26 00:00:00

No. 15 6')7 LONDON
, MONDAY 11149 .*4
, „ 0, )41
4 rr SEPTEMBER 26, 1849

PRICE sd.

THE SUN is Published EVERY MORNING at FIVE O'CLOCK, in Time for the EARLY TRAINS and TOWN DELIVERY ; a SECOND EDITION (Evening Sun)
is Published in Time for the A
and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for POST, containing PARLIAMENTARY and all other NEWS 14 LONDON up to that
.Hour. FTERNOON TRAINS
ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning, Noon, and Night, therein' insuring a TOTVN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION,at ONE CHARGE.
_

E.-ISTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY COM-
PANY:
TWELFTH GENERAL MEETING.
Notice is hereby given, that the ADJOURNED GENE-
RAL MEETING of this Company will be held in London,
at the Shoreditch Station, on SATURDAY, the Ist of October
Next, at Eleven o'Clock precisely, when the Directors will re-
commend the Meeting to be further adjourned for a short
period, as stated in the Circular to the Proprietors.
HENRY BOSANQUET, Chairman.
THEODORE W. RATiIBONE, Deputy Chairman.
Offices, Shoreditch Station, Sept. 23, 1849.

NATIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASLIR
ANCE SOCIETY,

FOR GRANTING
LIFE ASSURANCES, DEFERRED ANNUITIES, &c.
No. 26, CORNHILL.
Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Special Act of parliament.
DIRECTORS.
T. LAMIE MURRAY, Esq. Chairman.

J. Elliotson, M. D., F. R. S.
John Griffith Frith, Esq.
Hunter Gordon, Esq.
George Lungiey, Ekq.

. -
John Rawson, Esq.
John _diddle Stodart, Esq.
Clement Tabor, Esq.
Joseph Thompson, Esq.

AUDITORS.
Professor WivatstolE, F. It. S. I Professor Graves, A.M. F. R. S.

AcTualtY--W. S. B. Woo Mouse, Esq., F. ILA. S.
PHYSICIAN—J. Elliotton, !11.13 2. F. R. S.
SURGEON—E. S. Sytnes, Esq.
Souerroas—Messrs. Sweet, Sutton, Ewers, and Ommanney.
_ -

BANKERS—Messrs. Glyn, Halifax, Mills, and Co.

The most rational maim to Life Assurance are found in
the .plan .-pdopto_ by tht".S4acifityi,:,;,riz., je.nedl.o a wave
provision at death for inheritors of the Ass;:red, the Society
affords succour to the Assured himself (proportioned to pre-
vious payments) it.* the event if unforeseen reverses.
_ _

Annual Division of Profits.
F. FERGUSON CAMROUX, Secretary.

FREEMASONS' and GENERAL LIFE AS-
SURANCE, LOAN, ANNUITY, and REVER-
SIONARY INTEREST COMPANY.

11, Witerloo-place, Pall-mall,_London

This Office unites the benefit of a mutual association with the
security of a Proprietary Company, and offers to the Assured
amongst others the following advantages :-
1. Credit until death, with privilege of payment at any time
previously, for one-half of the premiums for the first five years
upon Assurances for the whole of life ; a plan peculiarly advan-
tageous for securing Loans.
2. In Lean transactions, the lender secured against the risk
of the burrower going out of Europe.
3. Sums assured to become payable at given ages, or death,
if previous.
4. Policies indefeasible ; fraud alone, not error, vitiating
them, and in rase the Renewal Premium remain unpaid, the
Assurance may be revived at any time within Six Months, upon
satisfactory proof of health, and payment of a trifling fine.
6. Officers in the Army and Navy, and persons residing
abroad, or proceeding to any part of the world, may be as-
sured upon equitable terms.
6. Immediate, Survivorship, and Deferred Annuities granted;
and Endowments for Children, and every other mode of pro-
vision for families arranged.

111: OYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION
AA) extended into Cavendish-square. The much-admired
Interior of the CHAPEL of ST. HELENA in JERUSA-
LEM, after D. Roberts, R. A. (published by Mr. Moon),
and a fine Exterior View of ST. PKTER'S at ROME, are
now added to the ENLARGED DISSOLVING VIEWS.
NAPIER'S PATENT PRINTING MACHINE, and AIN-
SLIE'S PATENT BRICK and TILE MAKING MA-
CHINE, both at work by Steam Powe . Fine specimens
of ANCIENT and MODERN FRESCO. Mr. COLLEN
takes PORTRAITS daily by Mr. Fox Talbot's CALO-
TYPE PROCESS. The Lectures on this Art will not be
continued after next week. PHOTOGRAPHIC POR-
TRAITS taken as usual by Mr. Beard. Varied Lectures by
Dr. Ryan, Professor I3achhoffner, and the other Lecturers.
The ORRERY, DIVING BELL. DIVER, &c. Beautiful
additions to the COSMORAMIC VIEWS, which are shown
in the Evenings.—Conductor of the Band, Mr. Wallis.
Admission, Is.

THE EDUCATIONAL CLASSES Oli 111 E
ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INS', ITUTION will
commence on the 3d of October next.
CHEMISTRY—MEDICAL,. AGRICULTURAL, and
COMMERCIAL, or as an accoroplishment—byJOHN RYAN,
M.D. and LL.D., whose Certificates ;Ire recognized at the
Royal College of Surgeons, the Apothecaries' Hall, &c.—One
Cs, URSE of LECT ORES on PHARMACEUTICAL CHE-
MISTRY is a, rtnged to take place on alternote Mornings, at
Eight o'clock, in the extensive Laboratory of the Institution,
for the convenience of Chemists and Druggists, and othersen-
gaged in business during the day.
The Principles and Application of the Steam Engine, in-
cluding Steam Navigation.—The Class for Engine Drivers is
continuer,

Eit-c.:);,...o.l,'Cialranitrn, and other branches of Natural Phi-
losophy, by Professor G. H. Bachhoffner, with the use of the
Colossal Electrical Machine —Private instruction in every
branch of Science.
For particulars, as to the hours, &c., apply to Mr. R. J.
Longbottom, Secretary, 309, Regent-street.

BEARD'S PHOTOGRAPHIC PORTRAITS.
These are now PERFECT MINIATURE REFLEG
TIONS of Face, Fiore, and Dress, and receive an unique
and impoiing effect from the introduction of backgrounds of ro-
mantic scenery.

SUPPLEMENT TO THE LONDON
GAZETTE .OF FRIDAY:

At the Court at Windsor, the 24th day of Septem-
ber, 1842, present, the Queen's Most Excellent Ma-
jesty in Council. Whereas by a statute, made at the
Parliament holden in the third and fourth years of the
reign of his late Majesty Ring William the Fourth,
intituled " An Act for the appointment of convenient
places for the holding of Assizes in England and
Wales," it was declared and enacted, amongst other
things, that his Majesty, by and with the advice of his
Most Honourable Privy Council, should have power,
from time to time, to order and direct at what place or
places, in any county of England or Wales, the assizes
and sessions under the commissions of gaol delivery,
and other commissions for the dispatch of civil and
criminal business, should be holden ; and further to
order and direct any special commissions of oyer and
terminer and gaol delivery to be holden at any one or
more places in any such county.
And whereas it is expedient that a special commis-
sion of oyer and terminer and gaol delivery, in and for
our county palatine of Lancaster, should be issued
forthwith, and such commission is now about to issue;
it is, therefore, ordered and directed, that the assizes
and sessions, to be holden under the said special corn
mission for the said county palatine ac Lancaster,
shall be holden at Liverpool, in ;41 saih-znality pala-
tine. C. C. G-REVILLE.

All the rates will be found to have been computed as low as is
consistent with security.

THE LABOURING POPULATION
OF GREAT BRITAIN.

(From the "Report on the Sanitary Condition of the
Labouring Population of Great Britain.")
Mr. Chadwick Jones, after having made as
careful an examination of the evidence collected
as he was enabled to make, recapitulates the
chief conclusions which that evidence appears to
him to establish, which are given by him as
follows :--

JOSEPH BERRIDGE, Secretary.

which is of some value to them because of its bearing
upon their own domestic squabbles, the concession of
the right of search upon the African coast being one
of the principal items in the charge against Monsieur
Guizot. To us, the only question of the slightest
interest is, whether the right of search being unat-
tainable, we have got the best possible substitute as
regards the pi(eventiOn of the slave trade—and we
confess that we can conceive no more desirable sub-
stitute than a solemn promise of co-operation, backed
by a squadron carrying, at the least, 80 guns.
With regard to the right of search, it is perfectly
clear that we can only claim it by permission over the
subjects of a neutral and independent Power, or
assume it at the risk of war. It is a most fit subject
for negotiation ;—a most unfit subject for taking the
law with our own hands. We may have a beneficent
and praiseworthy object in view; but if we go to
war for this object with every country that demurs
to our proposals, we shall in reality revive the Cru-
sades. Are we prepared to risk a rupture not merely
with the United States, but with France ? And if so
prepared, why not go further? Why confine our-
selves to the trade with Africa? Why not throw
down the gauntlet, at once, for the abolition of
slavery in the' West Indies, and the Southern States
of the American Union ? There would be magnani-
mity in this, for it would go to the root of the evil ;
but we shrink from such Quixotism. Is it less Quix-
otic to insist upon a r.ght, which independent Powers
are-most unwilling to concede, and to say, because we
accept their co-operation upon less obnoxious terms,
that this concession is a national disgrace ?
(From the Examiner.)
Our first impression on hearing that the long ex-
isting dispute was settled respecting the boundary
line between the British Provinces in North America
and the State of Maine, was one of unqualified sa-
tisfaction. The restoration of a good understanding
between Englatid and America cannot be over-valued.
Every great national interest of the country is deeply
concerned in the peaceful and unbroken intercourse,
and intimate political union, of Great Britain and the
United States. The ties that bind us ought to be
the strongest that ever bound two countries together.
Difference between us will, and perhaps must, arise.
Two such nations must encounter the good and the
coil effects of a vigorous and unceasing rivalry be-
tween the subjects of each ;—but the Governments
of England and America will, if directed wisely, long
avert the rivalry of arms.
We must confess, therefore, that on perusing the
treaty, we were less struck with its form than its
substance. It removed an irritating, menacing cause
of difference, and that in a most anxious crisis of our
commercial iiistory. Nevertheless, had that difference
involved the honour of the country, had any right
been forcibly withheld to which we had an irresistible
claim, had an appeal to arms been necessary in self-
defence, we should have been ready to face the evils
and hazards of war, rather than submit to violence
and injustice. But the boundary question furnished
no such grounds for hostile measures when Lord
Ashburton undertook his mission to the United States.
But a short time before, indeed, the ill-advised pro-
ceedings of the State of Maine presented a threaten-
ing aspect ; and so late as the 25th of March, 1840,
the President, in reference to the apparent approach
of a rupture and its consequences, depicted by the
British Minister at Washington, wished that he could
dispel the fear that such dark forebodings might be
realised. Such was the condition of our relations
with the United States a little more than two years ago.
Lord Palmerston had previously determined upon
and ordered a survey of the disputed territory; and
which has since been made. But before any negotia-
tions could be grounded upon the information thence
obtained, the Whig Ministry was dissolved, and Sir
Robert Peel, upon his accession to office, appointed
Lord Ashburton to go to Washington, with full powers
to regulate the final settlement of this vexed question.
Of the instructions to Lord Ashburton we know no-
thing, nor are they of any importance, except for the
purpose of justly awarding praise or censure to the
individuals responsible for the treaty in question, a
matter of comparatively little importance to the public,
which is alone interested in a fair and honourable
settlement of the question. We have, therefore, only
to inquire whether Lord Ashburton has accomplished
this. If he have, though now a political opponent,
let him have the credit due to his success and ability.
A conventional line was essential to any adjustment
of the conflicting claims of the two countries ; aryl the
question therefore is, is the line agreed to by Lord
Ashburton a fair one, presenting a good natural boun-
dary and an equitable division of the disputed terri-
tory ? We think on the whole it is ; and taking into
accaunt the importance to both countries of a settle-
ment of the question, we think that it is very impro-
bable that any much fairer line could have been laid
down. Objections have been taken to it, and amongst
others is, that it involves the free navigation of the
River St. John from its source to its mouth; and
another is, that a British settlement, as the Madawaska
settlement is called, is given up to the United States.
As to the line itself, an offer was made in 1838, by
our Ministers, to divide the territory—" That in ac-
cordance with the principles of equity, and in pursu-
ance of the general practice of mankind in similar
cases, the object of difference should be equally divided
between the two differing parties, each of whom is
alike convinced of the justice of his claim." Now if
this offer had been accepted, it is most probable that
the River St. John would have been made the national,
as it is, where it flows through the disputed territory,
an obvious natural boundary of the two countries.
Had the St. John's been the boundary through the
district in question, then there can be no doubt that a
claim to its free navigation would have been made,
and could not have been refused, according to esta-
blished international law. Nor,' with our views, can
we object to this concession, because we think a vast
quantity of the produce of the States will ultimately
find its way down this river, through New Bruns-
wick, to the ports of England. This concession, if
concession it is to be called, therefore, is in favour of
our trade with the United States,—of a trade mainly
in the great necessaries of life.

ing the expense over periods coincident with the
benefits.
That by appropriate arrangements, ten or
fifteen per cent. on the ordinary outlay for drain-
age might be saved, which on an estimate of the
expense of the necessary structural alterations of
one-third only of the existing tenements would
be a saving of one million and a half sterling,
besides the reduction of the future expenses of
management.
That for the prevention of the disease occa-
sioned by defective ventilation, and other causes
of impurity in places of work and other places
where large nuinters Are assembled, and for the
general promotion of the means necessary to pre-
vent disease, that it would be good economy to
appoint a district medical officer independent of
private practice, and with the securities of special
qualifications and responsibilities, to initiate sani-
tary measures and reclaim the execution of the law.
That by the combinations of all these arrange-
ments, it is probable that the full ensurable pe-
riod of life indicated by the Swedish tables, that
is, an increase of thirteen years at least, may be
extended to the whole of the labouring classes.
That the attainment of these and the other
collateral advantages of reducing existing charges
and expenditure are within the power of the Le-
gislature, and are dependent mainly on the secu-
rities taken for the application of practical sci-
ence, skill, and economy, in the direction of local.
public works.
And that the removal of noxious physical cir-
cumstances, and the promotion of civic, house-
hold, and personal cleanliness, are necessary to
the improvement of the moral condition of the po-
pulation; for that sound morality and refinement
in manners and health are not long found co-
existent with filthy habits amongst any class of
the community.

A FEW OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.
" The likenesses are admirable."—Times.
" It is, in truth, a second self."—Morning Herald.
" The features are admirably delineated."--Morning Chro.
nicle.

First, as to the extent and operation of the
evils which are the subject of the inquiry :
That the various forms of epidemic endemic,
and other disease caused, or aggravated, or pro-
pagated chiefly amongst the labouring classes by
atmospheric impurities produced by decom-
posing animal and vegetable substances, by damp
and filth, and close and overcrowded dwellings
prevail amongst the population in every part of
the kingdom, whether dwelling in separate
houses, in rural villages, in small towns, in the
larger towns—as they have been found to prevail
in the lowest districts of the metropolis:
That such disease, wherever its attacks are fre'
(pent. is always found in connexion with the
physical circumstances above specified, and that
where those circumstances are removed by drain-
age, proper cleansing, better ventilation, and
other means of diminishing atmospheric impu-
rity, the frequency and intensity of such disease
is abated ; and where the removal of the noxious
agencies appears to be complete, such disease
almost entirely disappears.
That high prosperity in respect to employment
dlaissseeasse n , o
which
hpitlines
]rave
and wages, and various and abundant food, haVe
afforded- to the labouring c
from attacks of epidemic
prosperity as in any
b been as
afrequent
manufacturing
1 in periods of com-
mercialothers.
That the formation of all habits of cleanliness
is obstructed by defective supplies of water.
That the annual loss of life from filth and bad
ventilation are greater than the loss from death
or wounds in any wars in which the country has
been engaged in modern titres.
That of the 43,090 cases of widowhood, and
E,OOO eases'of destitute orphanage relieved from
the poor's_rates in England and Wales alone, it
appears that the greatest proportion of deaths of
the heads of families occurred from the above
specified and other removable causes; that their
ages were under forty-five Years; that is to say,
thirteen years below the natural probabilities of
life as shown by the experience of the whole po-
pulation of Sweden.
That the public loss from the premature deaths
of the heads of families is greater than can be re-
presented by any enumeration of the pecuniary
burdens consequent upon their sickness and death.
That measuring the loss of working ability
amongst large classes b the instances of gain,
even from incomplete arrangements for the re-
moval of noxious influences from places of work
epidemics and other dis-
eases from abodes, that this loss cannot be less than
eight or ten years.
That the ravages of
eases do not diminish but tend to increase the
pressure of population.
That in the districts where the mortality is the
greatest the births are not only sufficient to re-
place the numbers removed by death, but to add
That the younger
to the population.
Population
noxious physical agencies, is inferior in physical
organization and general health to a population
preserved from the presence of such agencies.
That the population so exposed is less suscep-
tible of moral influences, and the effects of edu-
cation are more transient than with a healthy
population.
That these adverse circumstances tend to pro-
duce an adult population short-lived,
dent, reckless, and intemperate, and with ha-
bitual avidity for sensual gratifications. improvi-
dent,
these habits lead to the abandonment of
all the conveniences and decencies of lite, and
especially lead to the overcrowding of their
homes, which is destructive to the morality as
well as the health of large classes of both sexes.
That defective town cleansing fosters habits of
the most abject degradation, and tends to the de-
moralization of large numbers of human beings,
who subsist by means of what they find amidst
the noxious filth accumulated in neglected streets
and bye-places.
That the expenses of local public works are in
general unequally and unfairly assessed, op-
pressively and uneconomically collected, by se-
parate collections, wastefully
expended in sepa-
rate and inefficient operations by unskilled and
practically irresponsible officers.
That the existing law for the protection of the
public health and the constitutional machinery
for reclaiming its execution, such as the Courts
Leet, have fallen into desuetude, and are in the
state indicated by the prevalence of the evils
they were intended to prevent.
Secondly, As to the means by
sent sanitary condition of the labouriny classes
may be improved:— which the pre
The primary and most important measures,
and at the same time the most practicable, and
within the recognised province of
public admi-
nistration, are drainage, the removal of all refuse
of habitations, streets, and roads, and the im-
provement of the supplies of water.
immediate re-
posing refuse of towns and ha-
bitations have been the expense
alaiait ,otfli decomposing
chiefmn obstacles to the
and annoyance
of the hand labour and cartage requisite for the
purpose.

I beg leave- further to suggest, that the prin-
ciples of amendment deduced from the inquiry
will be found as applicable to Scotland as to
England ; and if so, it may be submitted for at-
tention whether it might not be represented that
the structural arrangements for drainage would
be most conveniently carried out in the same
form as in England, that is, by commissions, of
the nature of commissions of sewers, adapted, as
regards jurisdiction to natural or geological areas,
and including in them the chief elected officers
of municipalities, and other authorities now
charged with the care of the streets and roads or
connected with local public works.
The advantages of uniformity in legislation and
in the executive maelinery, and of doing the
same things in the same way (choosing the best),
and calling the same officers, proceedings, and
things by the same names, will only be appre-
ciated by those who have observed the exten-
sive loss occasioned by the legislation for towns
which makes than independent of beneficent,
as of what perhaps might have been deemed for-
merly aggressive legislation.

" A perfect fac-simile of the sitter."—Morning Advertiser.
Miniature Bust and case, 1/. Is. ; Full-lengths, V. 25.:
Groups, 10s. Gd. for each additional Portrait.
Portraits taken sufficiently small for the setting of a ring,
required ; and the Likeness of a Friend may be had in u ring,
brooch, or locket, in an elegant style, at a moderate cost.
Royal Polytechnic Institution, Regent-street ; 34, Parlia-
ment-street, Westminster; and 85, King William-street, City.

METROPOLITAN
SOCIETY, No. 3,
DIREI

LIFE ASSURANCE
Princes-street, Bank.
;TORS.
John Allcard, Esq. ,Joseph Hoare, Esq.
Richard Low Beck, F.sq. John Laurence, Esq
Edmund C. Buxton, Esq. William Josh. Lescher, I sq.
Sir Wm. Clay, Bart., M.P. John Fras. Maubert, Esq.
James Dawson, Esq, Joshua Scholetield, Esq, M.P.
Thomas Fowler, Esq. Henry Sturt, Esq.
William Storrs Fry, Esq. John Taylor, Esq.
Robert Gant, Esq. George Vaughan, Esq.
Benj. Hawes, Jun., Esq., M.P.
The Directors hereby give notice to Members whose Pre-
miums fall due on the sth of October next, that the same must
be paid within thirty days from that date.
The Premiums are payable Yearly, Half-yearly, or Quarterly,
on the sth of January, sth of April, sth of July, and sth of
October, either of which several days constitutes the commence-
ment of the year to MEMMERS. Persons, therefore, desirous
of entering the Society, AS MEMBERS, on the sth of
October next, should appear at the Office on or before that day.
So various are the plans now before the public for effecting
Assurance on Life, it may, at first sight, seem difficult to
make choice between them. As, however, all prudent offices
make a considerably higher charge in the annual premium
than experience has hitherto shown to be necessary, but differ
in the mode of disposing of the surplus or profit, the following
classification may be made :-
Ist. Proprietary Offices, where all the surplus from pre.
miums and oiher profits is divided exclusively amongst the
Share or Stockholders.

2d. Offices where the same is divided in various proportions
between Share and Stockholders and the assured.
.Id. Offices of a strictly mutual character, where the whole
of the profit is equally distributed amongst the assured only.
The Metropolitan, which is of the last class, was established
in 1835, and although no paid agents for town or country have
at any time been employed, nor any expensive system of adver-
tising resorted to, yet its advantages have been so well appre-
ciated by the public, that the annual premiums already exceed
39,500/. _ _ _

LORD ASHBURTON'S TREATY.
(From the Weekly Chronicle.)
It is perfectly natural, and perfectly right, that a
;reaty of such importance as that with the United
States should give rise to a pretty smart controversy.
England would not be England, if upon such a sub-
ject, and at such a time, unanimity were possible ;
but the singular part of the present differences is that
they have no party colouring. The Tory Morning
Herald is quite as bitter against the treaty and its
negotiator, as the Whig Morning Chronicle; its
oracle upon foreign affairs, Mr. Urquhart, having ap-
parently discovered a greater traitor than Lord Pal-
merston, since the Herald designates the cession of
the Madawasca settlement " as an exhibition calculated
to shock, and to arouse with indignation, any man
who has hitherto felt himself distinguished and ho-
noured by the name of Briton !"
We know few things more sickening than this mix-
ture of rhodomontade and sentimentalism upon plain,
practical questions. The Morning Chronicle takes a
much safer Erie. ft appeals to the national honour,
which we hope that we prize as highly as it can do.
It is, perhaps, because we thus value it, that we think
few things more to be regretted than a mistaken appeal
to it ; and it is a mistake, in our humble judgment, to
instil into the minds of people generally the idea that
there is anything derogatory to national honour in
seeking the settlement ofa long-standing difference by
mutual concessions, where the points at issue are not
of vital importance. 'We are aware that on this point
we differ from our Liberal Contemporary ; but as we
said, when the news of Lord Ashburton's treaty first
reached us, what is there in the way of territorial ac-
quisition, in this case, of sufficient consequence to be
placed in comparison with the maintenance of peace
with the United States?
We shall be called "Peace-at-any-price men" for
this, by Lord Ashburton's critics. We are not so.
We could repudiate, as warmly as the most violent of
them, a peace bought upon dishonourable terms ; but
we see no wisdom, or statesmanship, in attempting to
extract terms irritating to it, and not clearly beneficial
to ourselves, by a perpetual threat of hostility, from a
country which is so closely connected with us as the
United States by an almost endless blending of inte-
rests. We see no wisdom in periling those interests
by a war which is to give us nothing ; and if the treaty
concluded by Lord Ashburton secure to us, as we be-
lieve it does, a boundary line effectual for all necessary
purposes, and differing but in some immaterial points
from that which the English Government professed its
willinzness to accept when recommended by the King
of Holland, we cannot for the life of us see what good
it would have done to have hung the question up for
another ten years, at the risk of collisions, which might
have made any peaceful settlement impracticable.
As to the assumption of the Chronicle that, for the
first time since 1783, we approached this question
with a perfect knowledge of our own rights, and with
the means of establishing them, at the very moment
when it was put into Lord Ashburton's hands—we
have not equal confidence in the infallibility of Colonel
Mudge and Mr. Featherstonhaugh, or rather in the
impossibility of getting up an equally plausible case
by an American surve37, in favour of their view of
the treaty of 1783. The question is, not whfit we
believe ourselves, but what we can force our adversa-
ries to admit, and assent to; and it is perfectly ob-
vious that there can be no more prolific source of
differences than a treaty professing to define a
boundary line, which none of the parties describing
it were personally acquainted with, or had the means
of ascertaining correctly, since, after the lapse of
half a century, the country through which it runsis
still uninhabited.

In consequence of the prosperous state of the Society's af-
fairs, the Annual Premiums of Memb. trs of Five years' standing
have been reduced Forty-two and a F. alf per cent.
A plan of the Society, with tables of rates, may be obtained
on application at the Office.
RICHARD HEATHFEELD, Superintendent.
Princes-street, Bank, Sept. 14, 18.12.

The question was, therefore, how to bring the matter
to an issue ? The Chronicle says, and truly, that the
United States were never in a worse situation for
going to war than at the present moment. But, are
we in a better ? And if we were so, is war to be the
solution of every disputed question, however fatal its
influence upon our permanent interests ? But we
should have had no war—at least, not with America
single-handed. She would have bided her time. We
should have had fresh surveys, and correspondences,
and protocols, and arbitrations, for the next twenty
years, during the whole of which time we must have
kept up a military force in the American colonies
fully adequate to their protection, and that force alone
would have cost us more than the fee simple of the
disputed territories is worth, let alone the small addi-
tional fraction of it, of which we might by possibility
have become possessed. Unless, therefore, it can be
shown that there is something monstrous in Lord
Ashburton's concessions—something that sows the
seed of future difficulties, and gives an advantage to
certain enemies—we shall not be cheated by high
sounding appeals to our pride and our susceptibilities,
out of our belief that it was right to put an end to a
dispute involving our commercial relations with our
most important customers in perpetual uncertainty,
and crippling our free agency in Europe by the con.
viction that whoever quarrelled with us might feel
sure of a valuable ally, ready to act upon our most
vulnerable quarter.

Thatmay be reduced to
improved and cheaper
. this expense
one-
twentieth or to one-thirtieth, or rendered incon-
Insideeurnasbloct, breyintohvealusbey of water and self-acting
sewers and drains.
suspension in
trtatl streams
and innoxiously con-
veyed to any distance out of towns, and also in the
waTtehramt raeyfubseemwolsitenchtelaiupt I.leld in s
andbes t
in forminjury
yfobr
y productive
po
the loss
1 lu
tui
os en,
oand n a tt lui
nay be avoided.
That for all these purposes, as well as for do-
mestic. use, better supplies of water are abso-
lutely necessary.
That for successful and economical drainage
the adoption of geological areas as the basis of
operations is requisite.
That appropriate scientific arrangements for
public drainage would afford important facilities
for private land-drainage, which is important for
the health as well as sustenance of the labouring
classes.
That the expense of public drainage, of
sup-
plies of water laid on in houses, and of means of
improved cleansing would be a pecuniary gain,
by diminishing the existing charges attendant on
sickness and premature mortality.
That for the protedion of the labouring
classes
and of the ratepayers against inefficiency and
.caste in all new structural arrangements for the
protection of the public health, and . to ensure
public confidence that the expenditure will be
beneficial, securities should be taken that all new
local public works are devised and conducted by
responsible officers, qualified by the possession of
the science and skill of civil engineers.
That the oppressiveness and injustice of levies
for thii whole immediate outlay on such works
upon persons who have only short interests in
the b - %efts, may be avoided by care in spread-

Now as we understand the present treaty, it se-
cures to us a somewhat better line of frontier than
that given to u 5 by the award of the King of the Ne-
therlands in 1831, which Lord Grey's Government
declared its readiness to abide by. It interposes a
wider space between the American line, and the line
of communication between New Brunswick and Ca-
nada. What reason have we, then, for supposing that
Lord Grey's Cabinet would have rejected this ar
rangement ? And why is Sir Robert Peel to be run
down for not having hazarded a war rather than give
his assent to terms which Lord Grey would have ac-
cepted in 1831, without once dreaming of this fearful
alternative ? _ _ . . _

As to the alleged abandonment of the right of
search, it is a matter altogether of minor moment.
Nobody ever expected that America would have con-
ceded it practically : and the correspondence proves
that, in theory, it is not given up by us. Each party
retains its own pc s'ticn. The French papers may put
what cotstruction they please upon the fact that there
is no recognition of the right in the treaty itself;

It is—nobusiness of ours to defend Lord Ashburton;
but if he or any other opponent accomplishes objects
of national importance, as he has done in this case, by
restoring a healthier state of feeling, and by expedit-
ing the renewal of active and friendly commercial in-
tercourse between this country and America, we shall
not refuse him our meed of praise ; especially, too,
when he utters liberal sentiments, with which we have
ever been identified.
His Lordship appears to have encountered the
joint, and, we are sorry to say, the angry, animad-
versious of the Times and the Illorni7 Chronicle
because, speaking in the principal Northern State of
the Union, he called it a " hallowed spot," and the
"cradle of liberty." We fear the Chronicle is
growing fastidious, and somewhat late in the day
too. These sentiments, whatever disapprobation
they might have elicited in Tory journals, should
have met with none from the Morning Chronicle.
Lord Ashburton spoke feelingly and eloquently, and,
' above all, truly. New England and New York
might be justly called the cradle of liberty ; for when
despotic power and religious bigotry raged in the
mother country, these States became the asylum of
men who sacrified their all to their unconquerable
love of liberty and freedom of conscience; and the
laws which they enacted recognised principles of popu-
lar and personal liberty, to secure which for ourselves
in after times, some of the best blood of our own
country was shed upon the scaffold and in the field.
We think the time is come when even the most
loyal subject of the Crown might rejoice in the inde-
pendence of the American colonies. Sure we arc
that, as far as we are concerned, they have proved fur
more beneficial to us and to the world as free States,
than they were ever likely to become under the sway
of the Colonial-office.

SUDDEN REMOVAL OF THE
SPECIAL COMMISSION,
PRESTON, SATURDAY MORNING.
The Special Commission appointed for Lancaster has
been,
been removed to Liverpool. This is assigned for by
the great number of prisoners confined for trial in
r
Salford and Kirkdale gaols. A circular has
within the last few hours, issued to the Magistracy,
relating to the intended removal of the Commission,
fi ()In the Clerk of the Crown. The foll
PP4tunity of
"Preston, Sept.2°3wing is a
copy :
Gentlemen,—l take the earliest - 1842.
apprising you, for the instruction of the Magistrates,
ion for the purpose
that, according to a letter
Crecomeimvedissyesterday, it is in-
ed with offences connected
otefntdryedintgo
prisonersissu ea S Special
that such Com-
with the late disturbances onl
mission will be opened at Livey, and
in about fourteen
days. I understand that the sitri
held at Lancaster will
may be relied on,,writohucreortbedainiteyr.l ace, but another
post will probably bring the official documents, which
not takeings appointed to be
t servant,
Much diisatisfaction has be"einl.cllursed rnsiPnc
cular has been receiv
!toned for some days e iiNhiSs .
cir
•
d,pastt.s the Jury have been sum-

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