The Sun.
London, England, 1842-04-25 00:00:00

TURKEY.
The'following proclamation has been published in the Turk-
ish in which. the official documents are usually- pro• 1
Mulgated

Whereas it is well known, that in conformity with Cie
good and proper civil organisation, by the Divine assistance,
has been settled and established. Considerable attention has
already been devoted to the subject of administration, both
civil and financial, through the agency of moos'heers, defter-
dars, and revenue officers in the respective provinces, and to
that of the establishment by every effort of order, which is so
desirable in the affairs of the country ; and to the adjustment,
during the last year, of means for the regulation of .the taxes
—to ensure, for example, the full and punctual payment into
the Imperial Treasury of the yearly revenue, and more par-
ticularly the prevention of loss which occurs in the tithing of
produce. Notwithstanding the attention paid to these affairs,
the above-mentioned fiscal officers and other functionaries, such
as the mohassils and various military authorities of the smaller
sandjaks and districts, have, through inexperience in office
and want of information, in the first place, been utterly in-
capable of arranging and administering the finances, and, in
the next, frequent altercations having occurred between these
two descriptions of officers, they have by no means contri-
buted to the tranquillity, the maintenance of which is so im-
portant an object to the faithful subjects of the empire. Now,
the thoughts of the most benigranit Emperor (here are sub-
joined prayers for Isis long life, and three or four lines of com-
plimentary phrases) being constantly occupied with the
welfare of his people, an administration of the country which
would be consonant with them must necessarily embrace
two 'important considerations, the first being the welfare of
the people and the amelioration of their condition ; the
second, the protection and defence, according to fixed prin-
ciples of equity, of all classes of subjects belonging
to the well-t:efended empire. But in the collection of
tithes, which, being ordained by the law, are a tax
everybody is bound cheerfully to contribute, various losses
have occurred; inasmuch as the Mehassils have been
compelled to employ a number of people at the harvest, the
payment of whose wages, with the waste they have occae
sioned being taken into account, it is evident that the tithes
accruing to the State must have been diminished by a full
half. It is moreover manifest that the inhabitants, while wait-
ing for the collecting officers, cannot remove their crops, and
thus, besides losing their time in idleness, are exposed to de-
triment from the casualties of rain and bad weather; the
consequent losses and embarrassments have been intermi-
nable. All these things considered, and confnrifiably with
the spirit of the equitable organisation and the letter of the
established regulations, the greatest care must, be taken that
violence and oppression be not practised towards the people and
subjects of the Ottoman empire ; but, on the contrary, that
their welfare become more than ever an object of solicitude.
In pursuance of these resolutions, there being among the re-
spectable families and notables belonging to every district and
sandjak many individuals to be found, whose affection for tee
place of their birth and residence, must certainly have ren-
dered them more interested in its prosperity than any others,
especially the functionaries who are strangers there ; and such
individuals, by being informed themselves, and being able to
communicate to the moosheers, defterdars, and employes, what
persons in their district are people of means, condition, and
substance, and who, on the other hand, are helpless and de-
serving of succour, may, in this manner, prove the sources
of good administration, and the numerous blessings and
advantages which contribute to the peace and prosperity of
the subjects of the empire—and all arising from the'r emp!oy-
ment. The choice, therefore, of a director, out from these
persons for a district, is a point the arrangement of which has
repeatedly occupied the thoughts and attention of the Supreme
Council, and the plan has been unanimously approved of.
As the financial administration, together with that of the civil
and military affairs of the provinces, has been confided to the
care of their respective moosheers, the defterdars attached to
their suite, as in former times, co-operating with the military
authorities stationed in each district, and selecting from the
distinguished families of the district a director for it, they shall,
agreeably with the above suggestions, undertake the administra-
tion of these districts; and taking into consideration the trust
and confidence reposed in these directors, on all accounts must
they so conduct themselves that the ends of justice be tho-
roughly fulfilled, while the prosperity of their native place, and
the attainment of peace and happiness on the part of their fellow-
countrymen, through their unceasing and restless solicitude
and judgment, shall be guaranteed and sealed by their own
responsibility in this world and the next. On' the part of
their excellencies, the moosheers-defterdars, ahe greatest care,
and attention shall be employed to control the caima-cams by
all open and secret surveillance, who, on their part 'also, must
still more scrupulously retrain fi om being any way guilty of
oppressing the country, or of practices in contravention of the
laws of equity ; and since those who collect the tithes according
as they have been assessed are not invested with power, military
or civil, over those districts, and their duty being confined to
that collection, for this reason' it has been deemed requisite
that the most unremitted attention and solicitude on the part
of the moosheers, caima-cams, and moodeers, be exerted to
prevent their daring or presuming to oppress in any manner
the inhabitants; and all business and affairs that may occur in
the different sandjaks and districts shall be arranged and settled
in a meeting convoked thrice a week, composed of the caima-
cams and judges, and moodeers, and the most distinguished
notables of the district ; and in quarters inhabited by Rajas, as
occasion may require, will be summoned to them the chiefs of
the nation ; and, finally, their reports and d.scussions, and
determinations, will be communicated and referred to the moo-
sheers of the provinces. As the rest of the taxes are not e'ti-
mated, but form part f the revenue which is raised according
to the tariff, and as it is evident that with respect to dues on
fisheries no vexations can take place, as they have been regu-
lated since the Tanzimat, the Charge of these and similar re-
venues will be assigned to those who can collect it to the ad-
vantage of all parties. And, at the same time, their excellen-
cies the moosheers will be accountable before his Impe:ial
Majesty for the good or bad condition of the province,. that
have been confided to their administration. They will exer-
cise, therefore, the greatest discrimination in all matters and
affairs, and in the employment of their officers, so that no
species of vexatious oppression, or treatment opposed to the
divine law, or contrary to anything that may have been decreed
since the cstablistsment of the Tanzimati Khaine to the pre sent
moment, be practised against the subjects and iiihabhants of
the Ottoman empire, who have been consigned by the Lord of
the Universe to the special protection of the Khalifat, his Im-
perial Majesty."
The article concludes with an exhortation to the moosheer-
defterdars to do their ditty like good and honest men

. DISPUTES WITH AMERICA.
Mr. Clay made the following judicious W.:);ervatious in
the Senate, with regard to the general relations between
Great Britain and the United States. We wish the rest
of the American public would view the question in the
same „light :
" He regretted 'to see the assaults made by the partisan
press on the distinguished individual who had been sent to us
with the olive-branch of peace. Nothing was so unmanly or so
indecent as those attacks. He had the good fortune, when in
England, to know Lord Ashburton, and he bore the highest
character in his own country, both for wisdom and integrity.
The statement that he was still connected with the banking-
house which he had established was a mistake. He had not
been connected with that house for twenty years. However
the hospitalities of the land might be violated by a licentious
press, he hoped that the American people would greet the
arrival of this gentleman as a messenger of peace.
" There is no danger," said Mr. Clay, "of any rupture
with Great Britain, if proper ability is employed in the ma-
nagement of the controversy.
The first point of controversy is the North-eas!ern Boun-
dary. The negotiation on that subject was in progress, with
every prospect of a satisfactory termination. The basis of an
arrangement had been agreed upon, and there only remained
some minor points to be settled. He did not know that the
Special Minister was charged with this subject, but the points
as to which we finally disagreed could be settled by arbitra-
tion. There was, therefore, no apprehension of war from that
source.

" The Caroline affair came next. In that case our terri-
tory was violated. But who, amongst all the collisions which
necessarily happen between nations. would make war upon
such a point as this, if there was no other reason ? Nations
do not declare war for every cffence. Besides, this was a
mixed-up affair, and though the British authorities could not
be excused, yet there was some palliation for their conduct.
At all events, no war could take place on account of that affair.
" The Creole affair was the subject of negotiation; and he
censured a little the premature publication of the instructions
of our Government. Great Britain ought to indemnify us;
but there was no immediate apprehension of war Iron, this
matter.

" The Right of Search was the remaining question, That
right was one that could not be exercised without great abuses,
and the United States would never yield it. 11'Or did he un-
derstand Great Britain as claiming it. What said Lord Aber-
deen on this subject? We claim no right to examine any
American vessel. Even if she be full of slaves, if she be
Anierican—if she have American papers—we will not stop her
in her course. But as pirates may hoist your flag, and as
other nafions—Spain, Portugal, France, or England—might use
it, we, who are bound by the treaty, will examine her, and if
she be a false vessel,with a flag that she has no right
to use, then we will take her. But if she be American, she
may pass on. Mr. Stephenson himself admits, in his correspond-
ence, that the mere fact of a flag at the mast-head cannot pro-
tect a pirate. The rrotection must be commensuz ate with the
genuineness of the character of the vessel. A treaty providing
a mutual right of search was, some years ago, entered into
between the United States and Great Britain. Mr. Canning
said to Mr. Rush, draw up your own arrangements, and we
will agree to it. Mr. Rush drew up a treaty accordingly. It
granted a mutual right of search in the vicinity of the West
Indies,and on the African coast. The treaty came to us. We
ratified it; but struck out that part relating to the West
Indies. The treaty went to England for ratification them, and
Mr. Canning, piqued at our alteration of a treaty drawn up by us,
refused to assent to it. In the existing state of this matter, it
can be easily settled by an arrangement between the two Go,-
vernments, it it is entered upon in a spirit of amity. Ile had
no doubt, in fine, that all the existing difficulties could be ami-
cably settled."