The Sun.
London, England, 1842-08-25 00:00:00

__ •
mand, and who • drafted the surplus 1130
from the agricultural districts, where they
starving, are not to be blamed for having or
plied with that demand, and are not, when it'll°
ceased to be made, exclusively to support.t
labourers whom they employed as long as OP
was for their advantage. At least the loan joir
hers, the money lenders, and the merchall
contributed their share to the stimulus; they sh sre"
the prosperity, and should now share with. ale
mill-owner the burden and the adfersity.
Of the domestic stimulus to the same exerti
we must notice first a succession of boun
harvests, which caused the price of wheat t0...41"
to 365. " The four consecutive seasons, from IT,
to 1835," says Mr. TOOKE, " were SiflgUl Xl9
propitious to the growth of wheat; the wheat CO
besides, being on an extensive scale, and of
improved state of cultivation, produced more, Per
acre, taking the kingdom throughout, than
ever before known." Add to that a great asu
successive reduction of taxation by the IN: ilig!
which left people more to expend on clur4ll7
&c., and those alterations in our political i Ord
tutions which inspired all classes with hope at
enterprise. The people having had then c vor
paratively little to spend on food, clothed the
selves better, and their increased demands, ad 111
to the demands of the foreigner,;compelled 11;
erection of more factories. Thus arose a "
0
derful stimu:us to enterprise on all hands. . 0
less than 104 Joint-stock Banks were started 11 1
Manchester and Liverpool ; the formation
of
several railroads was begun, and the activity', up
production was not confined to Manchester niiloo
owners. Every part of society shared in u
impulse as well as the Manchester manufacturB''
The landlords and the farmers obtained 1141'0
rents and increased profits. Even newsPaPe,
including the Times, obtained increased circa
04
tion. All classes—the whole public—benefits r;
by that prosperity, as well as the factory ovine
t„
,
and the whole public must, and in fact does, '—
the burden of the present want of ernployin°lt:a
It is quite clear that for the stimulus 91151; ,
from reduction of taxation, the legislator i 6 1,1
sponsible ; and though is not responsible
.blive
I
the variations of the harvest, is resP°lls,lLo;
by confining our people to their own soil for le ifs
food, for those excessive fluctuations which Ur; 0,1
would have remedied. His law kept I.IP the P the
of food artificially in England, it prevented s
•
possibility of exporting any when we hadll; 4,;11
plentiful harvest, and kept corn out, hi s
duty, when we bad too little. The 9t
cog'
wog.
fore, forbad trade to equalize the effects °f a
ing seasons at home and abroad, and 809 vat e
06 fuall the evil consequences, both of a 13°11
and a deficient harvest. a ft °rn
Great as was the influence of the della° the
America, it was not equal to the influence 00 f sea
home demand, the variations in which) ca
°4,
ont
by the reduction and the imposition of tala.o . of
and by the variation in the price and quantity de.
food, were the main causes of the increase; 0,
mand for manufactures in the first four Y lost
and the falling off in the demand during the the
four years. We admit the fluctuations inoat
demand for employment, but we contena
they were caused by the benevolent lawy a as,
they are 'not natural to trade, and that it is n` ho
trously unjust to blame the manufacturer'
_ .vii
suffers much from these fluctuations, for. I).u, go
caused them. It is still more unjust to,ti. tialte
the blame of them on trade, which woulll
equalized the effects of the seasons, but vial
bidden by the benevolent law-maker.
The demand for labour is always contingent
A. if
the supply of food. It has pleased the
f de: "6
MIGHTY to visit since 1838, with years o
cient crops; the law throughout that period b )5'
forbidden us to supply as easily and as much as
11 it'
sible the deficiency. Provisions have been
wtinerge ;lira
ienvet
ec.aUs
cast
United Stateso
u r owanndwaPteorslan:ly
of the last four years was the consequence
.1
and that deficit ~
people were a-hungered. The slackened deouf t be
deficient supply of food,
abroad ex Ce
the people from bringing it from
the self-'ins cs
on terms which would not gratify
frame al 4 /
was mainly caused by the law which prohil 3ut
Test of the merchant. trade co. tr
no
the principle of benevolence,
• • st Nvai 6le
ducted on the principle of self-mtere
for la' oo "
cause of the fluctuation in the demand
and must bear all the blame.
The law, theta,

We see with much re Air
gret that her Ma.: iest3 e
troops, though the detachment was small , hit,ve
suffered a severe defeat at Port Natal, a sett'
meat on the south-eastern coast of Afric.t .. °-
official despatch recounting this occurri ace the
peared in- our Evening Edition yesterda3- -rt
period when a messenger was despa Gibed
Graham's Town with the intelligence, the ';
maining English, not amounting, it is s upPesuee.;
to 300 men, settlers and all, who had lost
cannon, had to contend behind their intrened,
meats, which had already been twice ettaci‘fece
with a force of expert marksmen, amour itingPer
bably to ten times their number. The a lesseftgot
states that he heard some sharp firs'Bl'`)ot
Natal after he had left it; Captain Sr. JTK' is
the close of his despatch, implies thLII; t rola
almost at the mercy of his opponents;
11P
require at least three weeks from the data
despatch to convey assistance to him, thoug
was immediately despatched, and we th.
are afraid that his defeat has bee n /the
lowed by a compliance with the demand• ° call
Boers, to evacuate "a territory which theYm vs,
their own." This is somewhat disastro'
both for the physical loss and the additiot oor
though it be a trifling one, which it g noes
reputation.

Whig 11

have A s
ledfar at
osg‘tvoheiasrelaco.lfilect the circumstances
five years a
liking
ißugoerq of
satisfied with with the El
seeryttlemrsacahnd
their cattle,',gieigbliosdhyGoto'
Government, and
faanr
drivel.
1rso;
Good
Hope, being dis.
we
English believe,
manners,the
English
regular organttli
bounds chief wealth, put their wis ',Of
children, and household furniture into tli oil'
wagons,ds
and, under regularly chosen chiefs, an'
of the colony. In quitting it, the) i li.
icnofinuexc' 1
e°,
pAi
atlon, they einigravd beyond ..;) he
lzheeicr.conaplct:f they . are these ~..._,A. b 0 a t
jured none of our compatriots , but left for th ir
use the land they had partly. fertilised. Th el
went to seek a new home in the wilds of Affit 'll.
After
wandering for some time, and flight'
called the
p iNOOi battles,
ing some
they either
c!imed the territory took or par-
hethezyooifiaxs.ed
Fthroemnasealveesibiienf,
ofb the best IT,irbours on the coast. Here they
began to flourish, and the writer of a letter in
the Graham's-townabout Port Natal, one
paper says it " was hand-
some to see the pretty t ottages and handsome
villages of the peaceable Dutch farmers." They
established a kind of patriarchal government, of
the people, was the principal branch, and seemedl
which the Volksraad, a real representation of
likely to forget in the new settlement t.lie lea
pleasant homes they had left,
of these people, amounting- it is supposed tr,
The emigration
between 1,500 and 1,800 families, their voltra-
tary departure from a quasi civilisation to seek
new homes in the savage wilderness of Africa,
is one of the most remarkable episodes in mod ern
history. Nor was the loss of so m
any
opulent subjects creditable to the Colonial
Government of the Cape of Good Hope.
Unfortunately for the Boers, Port Natal hail
previously been visited by the English, some
of
whom had settled there. The English Gover a:
ment now claims it as part of its territory,
Ll'ol
hence has arisen a new quarrel between
ale
Boers, who voluntarily departed from under 'Or
Government, and the authorities of the Cape cf
Good Hope. It seems they cannot escape frog
its power. As to which party is right we will vt"
now venture to give an opinion ; but the first it
tempt to establish the authority of the Brit $h
Government at Port Natal has been eminentlY
unsuccessful. Lord STANLEY who, we take it: lot
granted, authorised or sanctioned the expedili°ll'
for we remember that he. stated in Parlian)eot
that her MAJESTY'S authority was to be m sl°-
tained at Port Natal, will be responsible, We
presume, as well as the authorities at the ar'
for this disaster. We know that it is trifliog 1...,°
amount, but everything that affects our Mi.litaii