The Sun.
London, England, 1845-09-22 00:00:00

POLAND.
EKTRACT OF A LETTER FROM THE BANKS OF IVO

VISTULA, AUGUST 10.-
While en the subject of the last journey of the &Ng."
peror Nicholas to Warsaw, the newspapers in the pay.ol •
Russia complacently relate all that has occurred as satis-
factory to the Sovereign, and advantageous to the cour--4
try, while the Emperor himself, on his return to St- •
Petersburgh, has thought it a good policy loudly to pro-
claim that hi has been highly please:l t h the reception
he met with in Poland ; with the spirit prevalent in that
country ; and with the prosperity which it enjoys under
his government. It is now full time to oppose the pro-
pagation of such idle reports, with the narrative of an,
ocular witness, of the real facts relating to the sojourn
the Autocrat in the capital of unhappy Poland.
Let us begin with stating that the present dram'
stances of that country would scarcely offer a better op-
portunity for the exercise of the paternal feelings Of .
sovereign. To all the evils which continue to Alb"
Poland these fifteen years, to political oppression and re-
ligious persecution, without a parallel in modern history'
a fresh calamity has lately been added. The bad harvest
of last year has occasioned a scarcity, and the overflow-
ing of the rivers at two distinct periods, in the spring
and immediately before the harvest, has ravaged every
habitation and every field in many a district. The
misfortunes have been aggravated and prolonged h
the scarcity itself, which prevented the sowing of hal'ic
the land. As to the potato crop, the principal food of the
poor, its deficiency in the autumn raised the price of that
useful plant so exhorbitautly high, as scarcely to adatis
the possibility of using it for seed, so that, to the
appalling effect of present misery, is superadded most;
threatening anticipations for the future. In the midst
of this awful visitation, the apathy of the authori-
ties is such that no measures whatever have been re;
sorted to in the least adapted to diminish the dreadful
consequences which it forbodh i. This is not all; the Cvi
Governor of Sandomir, foreseeing the result of the bd'
ness of the harvest, thought himself bound to call the at:
tention of the Government to the subject, and statedthn"
unless energetic measures were resorted to, a fse
was inevitable. In answer to his remarks, he was d_riot.,
missed his office :as the propagator of a false alarm. -111.
foresight, however, has been fully vindicated from the
beginning of winter, one of the most severe ever re"
membered. The absolute want of food was most cruelly
felt in the spring, has ever since gradually increased, an
is now at its climax.
It is more particularly in the ancient palatinates di
Sandomir, Plock, Lublin, Augnstow, as well in part of
the
the palatinate of Cracovia, that the famine and al. -
evils in its train have been the mist felt. In those uni
fortunate provinces, entire masses of people, deprived ?„
every necessary, wander about the country, divided in
bands, bands, in search of the most loathsome food, %shit a
oftener more adapted to soothe their hunger than to
of ble
nourishment. Numberless diseases, the unavoidaber
consequence of destitution rapidly diminish the nuin!,,e
of these unfortunate men, and despair sometimes col" 1,
them to acts of violence which the authorities are not
way
A s able to repress .t
the sight of so much misery, who could remain "la
moved ? What hatred, b 3 it ever so implacable, eego,
avoid relenting ? Yet the Emperor has remained 1
different. He has seen nothing or he would see nethiti3;
and he has not even inquired into the causes of
calamity or thought of any remedies by which it tril'or•
be alleviated. All his time at Warsaw has bee
c f
o
grossed by military pomp and parade. He repeat° we
visited the citadel, as if to convince himself withand he ghe
eyes that it is in a good posture of defence ; ivith
trayed, in this respect, some of the anxiety usual the
one who examines his weapon on the eve of usiAfor
same. Ire also made several trips to Georgiee"- `old
manly Modlin), situate a few miles from Warsaw, rest
destined to check the country all around.
of his time the Emperor passed in reviews, rot
tary exercises, and ceremonial levees. But of
wrong. He also paid a visit to the studentsor
Warsaw, on the following occasion. Ono day, the or
peror, perambulating the streets of Warsaw in his no-
nage, fell in with two students, who neglected to gor
ver their heads in his presence. He immediately{
dered his coachman to overtake them, and be
asked them if they did not know who he was. ,_'„",,tlf.
them having answered, " No„ my General," be aura r
retorted, " What, then, not know your terror*Severe
This apostrophe struck the two young men with ther
while his Majesty added, " Look at me well, that eueror ;
time you may not forget the person of your ErePe nto
but I shall take care, besides, to make myself lowwieea
all the students." Next morning all, the schools reeeeieue
an order to appear before his Majesty, with due,s The
nity, their gove,:nors and professors at their heati.„irieg
Emperor walked slowly through their ranks, loth the
of Marshal Paskewicz whether he was satisfied
students of Warsaw. The Marshal, always on his .i.bst
and knowing well his master, cautiously replied, etst
he nas not quite satisfied." The Emperor then
ea bis
frowning look over the poor students, and fastel,l,oo4
ye upon one of them, unfortunately a plaial:oite,
youth, whom he pointed out with his fingers to hl;ol.da,
saying, " Mark, what mouth, what snout (70:',, alien;
literally a vulgar and contemptuous expression, Ile ol
hie to lay pig)
—I will
awtnihatdgeheirasthat he is a wretch. ca ea hap
any crimes." The unhappy student thus deser_reopcllo
pened precisely to be remarkable for his got' urea o'
who is at the head of
►
to
aw,:1:11%(11: es lapPearrnifitwheliee thoughtnfacct;
te
and told him to hold his tongue, it to ,_ ter
re
peror, but his Majesty rebuked in
de
vent to his angry him
1110011 g
in a lecture' to t"- stll ee-
P
in tone and spirit very similar to his celebrate- 4, 0‘;
bestowed on the municipality of Warsaw. On t`ludee
h
casion he closed his paternal admonition to the st
feeling counsellorodunubtgthl
yui the
e o professoriwn repentho tfi
eus tc state,
,iet
oe
0: le 3:St
tt ;vb. invo!
with the exhortation that they were henceforiv.poti
behave in such a manner as to deserve the good 01)10,ise
the Marshal, as otherwise he would close their oho
distribute the students without distinction among.," sr
ferent regiments, where they would be oblige
as common soldiers and recruits. It is not dirspeee
imagine the consternation which this itnperlio
.41.0
has spread in every Polish family. e 'no'
Another incident which happened during th
ti
of the Emperor at Warsaw also deserves nogeble Ore
neral Tolstoj returning from parade, passed ins met
riage through Willow-street (Ulica Wierabna)!,o
to the great square of Saxony, where all re the good
held. While his carriage camb in front of it, 3
d'Angleterre, a hired cab was coming out ° alike,
could not be stopped in time to prevent collisiotob
however, led to no serious accident. TolstoPlord, 110801
less, attacked the poor cabman, sword in Patte rue
struck such a violent blow on the head, whpe, ire'ret
man on his knees implored his mercy, that we ellepe',o
the spot. This happned during the stay of the d sir e'oe
in broad day light, in one of the most frequente
r 5,
of the town, and in sight of a crowd of speett; 10 0,
of whom durst give vent to indignation. ,e eerilot
whatever has been taken of the event, beyond 130,114
sal of the dead body by the police. The Genereio 010
been arrested, and he continues to this day inft, 00 0
of chief of the recruit department in Poland. .1-g," Ito 10%
worthy of remark that this man, if any he be, - (be
been guilty of such atrocity, has the reputation e
a Libe- al among the Russians. eta
,east
It would be superfluous to make any ,i
cornineoev.id
the facts we have narrated, as they sufficiently Jos•to
themselves. May the voice of truth be heard olio the
all civilised nations, and may they fully and ices o,o'
nature of that profound barbarism, which asn Ono
highest destinies, but of which the triuroph, lace
a plislied, would be the ruin of all that 15
6
e r humanity.
at

I{,
SHIPWRECK OF A STEAL--. 110 olot
ig J tip!
Arrived at Penarth Roads, on Thursday, the "4,ar",°o"
of Sunderland, Bridges, from Pup; ash, l'ic)—chrao" 1,
but bound for Swansea (having been driven_fipp, D3' t
by stress of weather), and having on board Air' --roei
kay, master, and the crew of the steamer Shit%
,6e1,,
Liverpool—fifteen in number—which foundeLoslitl)
whilst on her voyage for St. John's, New m`,;triesafie
The-following particulars we gather from the
the Shamrock's log-book, with a view of Whie' Collett
been obligingly favoured. This vessel left the ocee'he- 0
Dock, Liverpool, on the 6th inst. Everything pt, edi
favourably at sea until Saturday, the 12th lisrti;breh'S
there was a strong breeze from N. W. by W.,
,light ticti
gradually increased to a gale. Towards deYl all
found the sbip making more water than 101°c:weld,'
obliged the crew to keep the pumps on deck frlate
the fore pumps attached to the engine at w°"„oolod
ship laboured heavily and the sea made fotta
breach over her. By observation at noon t„P"'W.Ay
they were in lat. 50.49 N. and lop. 16•1%00:ere
chro. In the afternoon the wind blew 11:,i-iti,°0°
—all hands were at the pumps, and with d"cii.ioc`ilet,
enabled to keep her free. At 6 P.M., they, 'O,-
water gaining upon them, and the sea beceeol/tz'Oceili-el
From the violence of the gale they found grell„" 0, 'la
in keeping her head to the wind. At Bb. 1.0e6,41
were obliged to keep her away for the taafetY jos
and crew, and by so doing the speed of the ellgoistr°'itl:
increased. Although the water was over the l'oleoeo
they succeeded, by immense exertions at the Penti'llell
gaining on the water. In this manner thet,firCosii`
for some time—all hands at the deck puinp3, sibi°
and making the best of their way with all Rio ueePpl,
and steam, finding, however, great difficultYllithebvir
the fires up owing to the height of the water !Ili the
On Sunday, the 14th, they had to contend vVt froei
former difficulties, as well as a strong go‘°,,toi4 to
N.W. by W., attended by heavy flashes of hg"ss-el te'reri°
tremendous sea was running, causing the %. sve
and pitch fearfully. At noon they found tc,"e10013000,
lat. 50,13 N., and long., by chi., 14.7 W. `-'ljgolef
the 15th, they had a continuation of thi.e visio 00:
N.N.W. to W.N.W., with showers 01 . yeti ..te'
heavy squalls. A very heavy sea eontin of 000
ning. At three A.M. she was making feentocar 00e
per hour, and all the men were working the raerf,
th
the utmost diligence—the master steering, -joejer
else working hard in endeavouring to keel' .M 4,00
water by pumping and heaving with buek't's.,
light they observed a brig steering in thew 3113,ib (17 Pet(
as they were proceeding, and running Iv" iter'oo;
reefed topsails and fore-sail. Thesteam' • tly
$
course, in order not to lose sight of the brig.oos 5,01018
emergency, the crew continuing their exertl I), io
pumps. At ten A.M. the starboard deck Pun,)l,ioill,gtreo,
choked, and they now found the water 15•1,1 '6 or
fast upon them that they made a si"ll,h 0 ,OeA °b'eftl'h°
e '
to the brig. Other of the pumpsthe'-ehow DO.
choked, caused by the washing about in to 1
*";5
6e14
coal, so that they were left to endeavour

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1 sco• g
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ee, tu
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