The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-24 00:00:00

*tronblZbition

SUN OFFICE Three o'Clock.

We congratulate the community, and in par-

ticular we congratulate the labouring classes,
that men in high places—that the leading or-
gans of public sentiment, are beginning to open
their hearts and understanding, to the important
fact that the poverty and discontent of the la-
bouring classes are endangering the peace and
happiness of all classes, and require to be imme-
diately remedied. The Times of this morning

has an article in which this doctrine is clearly
and manfully laid down. " What," it says, "is
really the rising political evil which so many
appear dimly to apprehend, and so few distinctly
to realize and grapple with ? Is it not this—
that property and labour arc beginning to array
themselves against each other? Is the labourer
as well off as his labour deserves Ts 75., Bs.,
or even 9s. Bd. a week (a price which a Man-
chester employer takes to himself' some credit
for giving, and which exceeds the wages of
many agricultural counties) a satisfactory remu-
neration for 72 hours of toil ? Is not the per-
ception of this stinging fact the real source of
that discontent of which we have so lately seen
a startling ebullition ? Does not the disaffection
derive its force from the truth of this complaint ?"
There is a full justification for disaffection ; there
too is the condemnation of the present boasted
system; for our Contemporary admits that
the agricultural labourers are worse off
than manufacturing labourers. But while the
Times clearly sees the mighty evil, it can find no
remedy for it. " Evils," it says, " which rise
from a deep-seated natural propensity are not to
be dealt with by a tax or a tariff. Avarice can
scarcely be repealed by Act of Parliament."
Reflect, reader, what does this amount to ? Evils
cannot be cured by law, passions cannot be put
down by Parliament. The Times proclaims,
where the good of the labouring classes is
Concerned, the impotency of legislation.
They will say, if it cannot protect us
from the avarice of the upper classes, why
does it pretend to provide for every part of

society ? The fact is, Acts of Parliament sanc-
tion, nourish, and consecrate the avarice of the
landowners, the avarice of the priesthood, and
the avarice of certain classes of capitalists ; they
cause the evil, and will not allow of that being
counteracted by freedom in the other classes.
There is no rooting out of the heart the love of
wealth, and what the Legislature ought to do is
to give it free play in all classes; then
would the avarice of the landlords, the
avarice of the priests, and the avarice of the ca-
pitalists, be corrected by the avarice of the other
classes. The higgling of the market, in markets
perfectly free, would soon bring the upper
classes to a due sense of the importance of setting
a better and a very different example from their
present conduct.
We do not, like the Times, despair of finding a
remedy for this untoward and threatening State
of things, which arises from the working classes
being deprived of their fair share of the benefits
of society. They want more food, more clothing,
better dwellings, and better furniture; wants that
ought to be encouraged and ought to be gratified.
Food is freely offered them from all parts of the
world, but the law prevents them from get-
ting it; and, having plenty of food other
comforts could be obtained as matters of

course. Abolish the Corn-law, therefore, and let
the bellies of the people be filled, and their
hearts will cease to be discontented. In aspiring
after something better, individuals will improve
society. For a commercial community, com-
mercial freedom is the first requisite ; let us have
that, and political freedom, with moral regene-
ration, will speedily follow.

A singular exhibition took place yesterday in
the Central Criminal Court, on the trial of a man
sixty years of age, charged with three offences—
attempting to stab a policeman, obstructing him
in his duty, and committing a common assault;
yet, though the net was spread so wide, he would
have escaped from his prosecutors but for the
interference of the RECORDER. The Jury, after
eo
hearing the evidence of two policemen, the only
witnesses examined, returned a verdict of Not
Guilty, when the Judge, adverting to the dif-
ferent charges, requested them to re-consider
" if you disbelieve the
ethveidite•nveeerdaiictto,
altogether, added,du,
will do right to acquit
the prisoner." One of the Jury immediately
said, " I do not believe the evidence ;" yet the
RECORDER again requested them to re-consider
their verdict, and they at last found the prisoner
guilty of a common assault. Here a Juror de-
clares, on his oath, that he does not believe the
policeman, but on being pressed to look at the
evidence a second time, he votes against his con-
viction, and consequently adjudges a man to
punishment whom he believes innocent. Such
vacillating conduct is highly reprehensible, but
at the same time we think the Juror was
not the only person to blame, for he had in fact
acquitted the prisoner, and it was the duty of
the Judge, after the return of • the whole Jury,
and after this statement on oath, to have dis-
missed the case. On looking at the evidence in
this trial, and also to the second indictment
against the same individual, we are strongly dis-
posed to consider this convicted prisoner entirely
innocent. He had committed no offence, even
according to the showing of the witnesses,
till lie and the policeman were pushed down
together, when he naturally imagined that
the policeman was the aggressor, and be-
lieving that he was in imminent danger, for
he exclaimed " I am fighting for my lite,"
he prepared to defend himself. If he had
attempted to stab the policeman the case
would have been different; but, like the Jury, we
we have great doubts on that point, and where
such doubts exist the prisoner is entitled to an
acquittal.

The Graham's Toivn Journal of the 30th of
June copies from the Zuid Africain, the Dutch
journal at the Cape of Good Hope, a manifesto
of the Boera of Port Natal in answer to the
proclamation of the British Government declar-
ing them to be British subjects. This manifesto
bears date the 21st of February, 1842, and is re-
markable for the deep
moral and religious feeling
which pervades it. After protesting against any
attempt to reduce them from the dignity of a free
people, they observe—"
We wish it may be well
understood that we do notintend to give offence,
to reproach, or to give reason for any warlike
acts, as it is our hearty wish and desire to live in
peace with all men, and that nothing should
induce us too take up arms to shed human blood,
except the conviction that we cannot avoid it, or
when the protection of our property (which we
have so dearly obtained), and of our very ex-
istence, shall require, or also when we find that
might and not right is exercised towards us. We
know that there is a Gon who is the ruler of heaven
and earth, and who has the power, and is willing
to protect the injured, though weaker, against
oppressors. In HIM we put our trust and the
justice of our cause; and should:it be His will that
a total destruction be brought down upon us, our
wives and children, and everything we have or
possess, we will,
with due submission, acknow-
ledge to have deserved it from HIM, but not
from men. We are aware of the power
of Great Britain
oppose and it is not our object
it."
that Power; ibut at the same time
tol‘re defy
cannot allow that
might instead of right
,
should triumph, without having employed all our
means to
Such sentiments as these
cannot fail to make a very deep impression upon
the moral-minded people of this country. The
Boers proceed to declare that the decrees of the
English
Government, and the mal-administra-
tion of the colony, alone , forced them to
penetrate the wilderness, and entrust themselves
to the savageness of an African desert. They
had in vain implored from the English Go-
vernment a system of representation, the most

sacred and highly-prized of British civic rights,
and for which Englishmen are ready to shed
their blood. The British authorities permitted
them to emigrate—allowed them to settle at Port
Natal, and to proclaim their independence, with-
out a word of remonstrance. They had to defend
themselves against the savages, who murdered 600
of them ; yet, though aware of their condition, the
British Government never offered the shadow
of protection. They had learned, they observed,
with pain that they had been represented as wild,
uncultivated men, who were tired of all civil and
ecclesiastical laws, and desired to live an unbri-
dlel life, after the promptings of their fancy.
Although only simple peasants, to whom it was
not permitted to take part in public affairs in
their native land, yet they had succeeded in
founding a government which was entitled to pub-
lic confidence and respect. The document
goes on to say, that their town is built in
the most regular manner, and is improv-
ing every day, and the cultivation of the whole
country around it is constantly advancing ;
they have erected a spacious place of worship to
Goy, and the education of their children is
firmly established; the warlike Zoolahs who
lived around them had been frustrated in all
their hostile attempts, and at present take up
arms only at long intervals. Already two mis-
sionaries were busy amongst those tribes under
the emigrants' protection, and there was reason
to believe that their civilisation would advance
more rapidly than that of the Caffres on the
frontiers of the colony. All this had been
effected under great difficulties, and they im.
plored his Excellency not to overturn all their
hopes of future prosperity. Already agents
were busy among the Caffres, stating
that if they desired to join the English
the flocks of the emigrants should become
their spoil. They could not say that his Excel-
lency authorised such proceedings; they only
knew that they were taking place. Could the
civilised world blame them if, under such cir-
cumstances, and when so inhumanly persecuted,
they should risk every thing for the preservation
of life ? In conclusion, they protest against their
town being taken possession of, as the proclama-
tion threatened; and declared that from that day
they did not consider themselves responsible
before GOD, before their consciences, and before
men, for the consequences of such an act.
The document is signed by " JoAcnuti Pitt-
NoLo, President of the Popular Council,"
J. BURGER, Secretary," and all the members:
Such is the substance of the Boers' manifesto,
which may be expected to excite the attention of
civilized Europe. It places the conduct of the
British Government in a very disgraceful light.
As if the African continent were too small for
our ambition, we make war upon a peaceful set-
tlement of Dutch emigrants, 125 miles beyond
the boundaries of British civilisation at the Cape.
Whatsoever may be the fate of the Boers—and
the probability is that they may be cut off by
the savage Caffres—this affair will afford mate-
rials for a disgraceful chapter in the future colo-
nial history of this country.

General BUGEAUD'S pamphlet on Algeria con-
tinues to be discussed in the French journals of
Thursday. The Opposition journals point out
and dwell upon the breach of military duty com-
mitted by the Governor-General in writing at all,
contrary to the express order of the Minister of
War, who has directed that no officer in active
service shall presume to express an opinion upon
military affairs.
The affair at Port Natal is dwelt upon, and the
conduct of the British Government reprobated
by the Debats of Thursday. _ _

M. Martinez de la Rosa has arrived at Paris.
Colonel Delarue, of the staff of the Minister of
War, has left Paris on a mission to Algeria.
The French Prefect of Police has just issued a list
of regulations and recommendations, which are highly
important to gas consumers. It is strictly enjoined
to ventilate with great care all plates in which gas is
used ; to have turncocks shutting most accurately, and
to be particular in oiling them frequently, and to have,
in addition to the smaller cocks for regulating the quan-
tity of gas consumed,.aprincipal one in each establish-
ment, by which in a moment the light can be
extinguished. The moment an odour of gas is per-
ceived, it is recommended that the windows and doors
should be opened, and notice given to the Gas Com-
pany that something wrong has taken place, and it is
advised that whenever an escape of gas should happen
to take fire, a wet linen cloth should be thrown over
the place from whence it escapes, as this will imme-
diately extinguish it. Gas Companies are bound to
send a copy of these regulations and recommendations
to every person making use of their gas.
The Cologne Gazette gives the following as the
address of the King of Prussia to the Bth corps of the
army, after the late grand review :—" I am delighted
to be able to express my satisfaction to the troops of
the Bth corps of the army, as much at the zeal which
the officers of all ranks have manifested, and the
goodwill shown by the soldiers of the dif-
ferent brigades, as the good understanding sub-
sisting between the Line and the Landwehr. In
general, I am satisfied with the manner in which
the manoeuvres have been executed. I reserve to my-
self the task of communicating to the army hereafter,
for its information, several observations which were
made in the course of its operations. I shall at pre-
sent merely remark, as a matter of great importance,
that it is necessary, without, however, uselessly fa-
tiguing the soldier, to maintain as much as possible,
even during the manoeuvres, the interior order of close
battalions, as well as in the lines of tirailleurs, seeing that
without the arrangement an engagement becomes disor-
derly and without direction. A greater number of tirail-
leurs should never be employed than circumstances re-
quire, and the officers ought never to lose sight of
them, particularly when a combat is to take place in
a village or on broken ground. In the course of ma-
nceuvres particular attention ought to be paid to the
effect of fire. arms, and cavalry, when it is forced to
retire, should never bring itself within range of the
enemy's musketry. I have been pleased with the ar-
tillery, as well as the condition of the troops and the
state of the horses, especially those for the Landwehr
by the communes, which proves to me the interest
taken in the important institution of the Landwehr."
We find the following statement in the Publicateur
de Saint Maio :—" We have this moment received the
news that the ships which sailed from St. Malo, and
St, Servan, for the Newfoundland cod fishery, after
having completed half of their fishini in the Gulph
on those parts of the coast granted to 1 ranee, went to
the English fishing grounds, from which they were
driven by the men of war on the station. We are
assured that several vessels have been confiscated, and
sent to Canada. _ _ _

" It will be remembered that the English boats
seized on our oyster fishing grounds were released on
the occasion of the Ist of May. This is the way in
which we treat our good friends, and that in which
they treat us." _ . _

" We have received by way of Toulon the African
mail of the 15th.
"An order of General de Bar, commanding ad
interim the province of Algiers, inserted in the Moni-
teur Algerien of the 15th, acquaints the army with
the arrival of Rear-Admiral Faure, who is appointed
to the command of the naval force at Algiers, in the
room of Rear-Admiral Regoudit.
" The Governor-General, who had been to Oran
and Mostaganem to complete the organisation of the
Arab government, returned to Algiers on the 11th.
A great number of Arabs from the interior were there
expecting him."— Commerce.
BOURSE—PARIS, THURSDAY, SEPT. 22.

First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French Fires (ex div.) 118 90... 118 90... 118 80... 118 85

Fours (ex div.) 101 25... 101 25 .. 101 25... 101 25
3 per Cents 80 5... 80 10... 80 5... 80 30
Bank of France 3265 —.3265 ...3262 50.. 3262 50
Laffitte Bank I,ooof 1037 50 ..1037 50...1037 50...1037 50
Belgian Fives lon 1031
,103 i ... 103 i
1840 1054 ... 1054 ... 1054 ... 105 A
Dutch 24 per Cents 534 ... 535 ... 535 53
Neapolitan
Roman
RAILWAY SHARES.

Versailles, R.B 251 25... 251 25... 251 25... 251 25
Rouen

Orleans.
Strasburg to Bale 205 ... 205 ... 205 ... 205

The Privy Couilcil, appointed to be held this after-
noon at Windsor Castle, is for the purpose of further
proroguing the Parliament from Thursday, the 6th
October, to a future period. Sir James Graham, Lord
Stanley, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and other
Cabinet Ministers, left town this morning to attend the
Council. Sir R. Peel and Lord Aberdeen are stay-
ing at Windsor Castle, and will also be present. His
Grace the Duke of Wellington left Apsley House this
morning for Windsor Castle. The Noble Duke, after
attending the Privy Council, is expected to remain at
the Castle to dine with her Majesty and the Illus-
trious visitors assembled at Windsor.
DOCTOR CHALMERS AND SUNDAY TRAVELLING.—
An Edinburgh newspaper contains the following
paragraph :—" The Rev. Dr. Chalmers, on arriving
by the Belfast steam-packet at Glasgow, on Sunday
morning, found awaiting him the most pressing
letters to be in Edinburgh at the Commission of the

Church of Scotland on that day ; and as no place in
a public coach could be procured, he was urged to I
avail himself of the Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway,
on the plea of necessity, arising out of the unusual
importance of the occasion. The Rev. Doctor de-
clined, saying that the possible advantage of his pre-
sence at the Commission was counterbalanced by
the positive disadvantage of countenancing a
railway which profaned the rest of the Sabbath."
What exquisite cant is this ! What unworthy truck-
ling- to fanaticisml Doctor Chalmers is not unwilling
to walk on the Sabbath ; but to ride, shocks his sense
of devotion, just as though one mode of locomotion
were sinful, and another perfectly virtuous. It is a
humiliating spectacle to see a man of such superior
capacity, as the author of the " Evidences of Chris-
' tianity," thus figuring among the Maw-worms of the
day, confounding religion with its antagonist, bi-
gotry ; and making himself a subject of ridicule to all
who have intellect enough to count ten on their fingers.

MR. CALLAGHAN.—ACCIDENT IN ST. JAMES'S
PARK.—An Evening Contemporary of Wednesday
last, gave a touching account of a pleasant, smiling,
rosy, elderly gentleman, who, while taking a pensive
stroll in St. James's Park, suddenly, in a moment of
abstraction, walked off the bank into the lake, and
found himself in four-feet water, among a brood of
astonished ducks, whose movements he seriously em-
barrassed by his presence. After swallowing several
undesired mouthfuls of the cooling liquid, the
gentleman managed to uplift his voice, "like
a sparrow on the housetops, or a pelican in
the wilderness," for assistance, whereupon two
young ladies, who happened to be in the im-
mediate neighbourhood, rushed to his aid, and
angled for him with a long scarf, which he caught
at with trout-like avidity, and was with some trouble
hauled ashore—the oddest fish that had ever been
caught in St. James's Park within. " the memory of
the oldest living inhabitant!" The account added
that this gentleman was Mr. Daniel Callaghan, M.P.;
but we are authorised to state he was not the indivi-
dual who astonished the ducks, and was angled for,
and caught with a lady's scarf, lbr he was, at the
time, two hundred miles distant from the ducks, the
scarf, and the ladies !
Mr. George Robins, we find, has become
the purchaser of the fine property in the Cape
of Good Hope called Slatberts Poort. It con-
sists of forty-three thousand four hundred acres
of rich pasture land. The flocks of sheep are
immense and very prolific, and the Merino wool
in great request in England. The best wheat in
Mark-lane has frequently been traced from the Cape.
The Madras Cavalry derive their supplies from there,
and St. Helena is much indebted to the produce from
the Cape. It is said to be in the contemplation of Mr.
Robins to encourage (by fixing a very low rent at
first) a set of clever industrious Scotch farmers,
who will go and locate in this beautiful country with
their families, and with a very bright prospect of in-
dependence in the perspective. The Merino wool
from the fine flocks of sheeps on this property is
greatly esteemed. The wines are in great abundance,
having upon this domain 3,000 or 4,000 fine vines,
and lots of fruit trees. The extent of the purchase
made by Mr. George Robins, exceeds the territory of
many of` the German Princes, and the income in three
or four years will probably surpass it.
We find in the Stamford Mercury the following
strange paragraph :—" Since the `suspension' of the
Rev. T. S. Escott, the vicar of Gedney, in this county,
for the good of his soul's health and the lawful cor-
rection and reformation of his recent excesses, especi-
ally for refusing to bury the child of a Dissenter,'
not any Church service has been performed in that
large parish of 2,000 souls, which pays to the esta-
blishment an annual sum of 3,0001. in tithes to the
rector and the vicar. Funerals (so called) are per-
formed without any burial service being read, and the
whole ghostly offices of the church and the parish
are suspended like the minister."—lf this be
true and we sincerely trust it is not
it reflects great discredit on Mother Church. No
wonder that Dissent spreads far and wide throughout
the country, and that the Puseyite zealots are making
their influence felt in all quarters, when the old Dame
is guilty of such gross negligence. She is paid hand-
somely for doing her duty, and to neglect it--no
matter in how slight a degres—argues culpability of
no ordinary dye. Why does not the Bishop of the
diocese interfere in this Gedney business? If it were
a question of tithe, or one involving any of the tem-
poralities of the see, we doubt not the ghostly Prelate
would have interfered effectually long ere this.
Priests are seldom languid in action when their tem-
poral interests are invaded.
THE MARQUIS OF WELLESLEY.—The following
answer was given to inquiries this morning at King-
ston-house, Knightsbridge :—" The Marquis of Wel-
lesley is somewhat better."
MADRID BOURSE, SEPT. 15.—One bargain was
concluded in the Four per Cents. with 3 coupons, at
18i- at 56 days. The Five per Cents. sold for 26i
for cash, and 27 9-16 I lat 60 days. The titles
of the foreign converted debt were done at 18, at 60
days, with 3 coupons, and the debt bearing no in-
terest at si.