The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-12 00:00:00

the Excise in the year, therefore, is equivalent
to 858,4481.; and in the quarter to 497,331/. In
like manner the revenue from stamps for the
year should have been increased by the sum of
80,0001., and for the quarter by the sum of
40,000/., whereas the deficiency for the year is
139,7121., and for the quarter 101,224/., indi-
cating a real falling off in the year of 219,712/.,
and in the quarter of 144,2441.

a Mr. SHAW stated at the Witham Agricultural i
Meeting on Thursday—
There is an observation that I would make on an- '
other subject, though I feel it is tender ground, and I
will say but a few words. You have been pleased to
observe that somewhat more of latitude should be
given to the tenants in respect to their leases. Now
I do say, independent of the main consideration of the
importance of leases to the tenant, that in the leases
generally granted, nothing on earth, looking to the
state of agriculture at the pifsent time, can be more
injurious and absurd than the majority of leases now-
a-days.—(Cheers.) Those leases have been taken-
from old documents, handed down from time to time,
and not adapted to the circumstances of the times ;
and I am glad to see, that a gentleman standing so
high as the Chairman does, has expressed sentiments
that lead you to hope, that if he grants leases to his
tenants he will see them modernised, so as to enable
the occupiers to manage their farms in accordance
with the advanced and improved system of the day.
Mr. BEADLE also said—

Rejecting the two items of stage coaches and
of export duties on coals, as nearly balancing
each other, the comparison of the quarter ending
October 10, 1842, with the quarter ending
October 10, 1841, is as follows :—Taking the
unexpected yield of the bread-tax at only
600,0001., the stated produce of the Income-tax
at 313,8441., the new duties on cattle, sheep, &c.,
at 10,0001., the estimated increase of the Excise
duties at 62,5001., and the increase of the Stamp
at 40,0001., there should have been an increase
of revenue in the present quarter of 1,026,3441.
From this we lima deduct the reductions of
taxation, or the fourth part of Sir R. PEEL'S
estimate for the year, namely, small articles of
the tariff, 67,5001.; coffee, 42,5001.; British
manufactures exported, 25,0001.; total, 135,000/.,
leaving a sum of 891,3441., which the revenue in
the quarter just expired, had Sir ROBERT PEEL'.
financial schemes been successful, ought to have
been greater than the revenue for the correspond-
ing quarter of 1841. It was, however, 67,4731.
less, which added to 891,3441. gives 958,8171. as
the sum which the revenue on the quarter it
worse than Sir R. PEEL'S anticipations, and
worse than the revenue for the corresponding
quarter last year.
Some of our Contemporaries dwell on the
Turn-out as something for which Sir R. PEEL'b
policy is not responsible, and which may never
happen again. But public disappointment was
the consequence of his proceedings, and as long
as he persists in levying enormous taxation,
without liberating industry, he must expect that
the people will be plunged in distress, and will
endeavour to obtain relief by violence. Some-
thing similar has continually occurred, and
such scenes are the consequences of our
Corn-laws, and our system of primogeniture.
Now that the actual Turn-out is at an end,
the country is put to a great expense to
carry the law into execution, and to maintain a
preventive and protective police; we cannot anti.
cipate times, therefore. in which there shall be no
turn-outs, and, consequently, we dread that the
accounts for each succeeding quarter will bring us
similar or greater deficiencies, which, at the end
of the year, will be so great that the Income-tax
will do little more than supply them. The majorit3
of public writers seem to have anticipated, like
ourselves, a considerable increase of revenue this
quarter, and that, instead of such increase, an
alarming deficiency is exhibited, is the most
severe blow whic'h the long-cherished hopes of
the nation have yet received.
At the commencement of July, Sir ROBERT
PEEL referred to the good-working of his Corn..
law ; at the commencement of October, three
months after all his measures, which are especi-
ally intended to relieve the public distress, have
come into operation, we may refer to their ef-
fects. What are they ? Distress is increasing,
commerce is slowly stagnating, manufactures are
coming to a still stand, and the revenue is dwind-
ling away. Tariffs abroad and at home art
slowly but surely extinguishing the prosperity
of England. Hope, too, " the lingering charmer,"
.is taking her flight; and, bad as is the present
state of Manchester, Paisley, Leeds, and Glas-
gow, the prospect there is lost in the deepest
gloom. Under the most favourable auspices of
a brilliant sky and a confiding people, our great
political experimentalist has tested his theories;
Sir ROBERT PEEL has had a fair trial; he pro-
fessed to cure the public disorders—he has com-
pletely failed.

I am tied to no covenants except to pay a good rent
and grow as much as I can, and I mean to carry out
the everlasting shift—(Laughter)--for I tell my land-
lord if he finds three months fallow, he may consider
the lease forfeited, and take the farm at once.

In these two passages there is a thorough and
complete condemnation by practical farmers of
the system of letting land hitherto followed in
England, to which we know, by the example of
the Lothians, the prosperity of the country has
been sacrificed. Farmers in England are every-
where tied down in the cultivation of the land by
absurd covenants, or absurd customs, and Mr.
BEADLE shows, both by his words and his suc-
cess, that free trade in cultivating the soil is as
much for the benefit of individual farmers as for
the public good.

The Charge delivered by the Bishop of LONDON
to the clergy of his diocese, is of that hesitating,
undecided character, which might be expected
from a Prelate who, in the House of Lords, has
generally shown himself something of a tempo-
rizer—a sort of expediency-man, desirous to curry
favour with all parties, and commit himself to no
firm, decided. course of policy. We have read his
Lordship's Charge with some attention, and
though, in almost every second paragraph,
we find hint recurring to the one great
Church question of the day, Puseyism,
we protest we are wholly unable to discover
what are his real sentiments on the subject.
Judging from the tenor of one sentence, we
should say he was a Tractarian—judging from
the next, we should say he was a decided Anti-
fractarian. He seems to vibrate, like a pendulum,
between the two. Now he inclines to High
Church—now he gives a patronizing slap on
the back to Low Church. In one sentence
the Puseyites may fairly claim him as a
proselyte—in 'another, they must regard him
as an opponent. He tells Us one moment that
he dislikes their Formalism, yet immediately after-
wards we find him giving it his august sanction.
In fact, throughout his Charge, his Lordship ex-
hibits a 3 many changes as a cameleon. " A man"
—as Mrs. QUICKLY slid of FALSTAFF-4' knows
not what to make of him !" He is the very PRO-
TEUS of Episcopacy.
It is but justice, however, to state, that on all
insignificant points, wholly unworthy of discus-
sion, his Lordship's opinions are plain and settled
enough. He is nobly tolerant on trifles—liberal
to excess on matters where liberality involves no
sacrifices. Thus he tells his clergy—" In regard
to worshipping towards the east, it was an ancient
practice, being alluded to by, CLEMENT of Alex-
andria, TERTULLIAN, and others. He would
not have the clergyman, when reading, to
turn his back upon the people. He ap-
proved of the manner of constructing the
reading desk, which onay be seen in some
of our churches, which enables the clergyman
ro turn to the south while praying, and to the
east during the lessons. He did not object to
candles being placed on the altar during divine
service, if they were only allowed to burn when
the church or chapel was lighted up. It had
been recently debated whether a clergyman
should preach in his surplice, or in his academi-
cal gown. He thought that when there was only
one officiating clergyman, that it was much better
for him to ascend the pulpit immediately after
eaving the communion-table, and thus preach
in his surplice. The gown was probably first
worn by lecturers when there was no communion
service. On the whole, he thought it would be
wise if the clergy would preach in their surplices
la the morning, and in their gowns in the
ifternoon."

It is pleasant to find the two leading Tory
journals, though their motives be something like
spite against the master manufacturers, become
the zealous advocates of the industrious classes.
The Post has found out that our labourers,
without free trade with the Continent to reduce
them to the level of the continental labourers,
are naked like the Irish, and greatly in want of
food like the English. The Times, too, has dis-
covered that whatever change may be made in
our commercial relations, the labouring work mei,
never participate in the gain, and that whateve►
losses may be incurred, they chiefly have to had
the piper. These are most important admissions,
considering that these journals are the zealou!.
advocates ofConservative policy, that the classes
whom they describe as being so destitute and so
unjustly treated, constitute by far the largest
part of society, and that the Government which
they defend is established and upheld for the
sole purpose of promoting the welfare of the
majority, or the greatest happiness of the greatest
number.

It must be comforting to the clergy of his
Lordship's diocese to know that, though he has
no settled opinions to enunciate respecting
Puseyism, yet that there cart be no mistaking
iris meaning on the momentous question of the
gown and the surplice ! He is most unequivocally
and unquestionably of opinion that the pastors of
his See should be surpliced in the morning
and gowned in the evening; and that they
should turn to • the south while praying,
arid to the east while reading the lessons.
On another important matter his Lordship isnot
less explicit and satisfactory. He has not the
slightest objection to candles being placed on the
altar during divine service, provided they be si-
necure candles—that is to say, candles not in-
tended to be lighted until a certain orthodox
hour. These concessions his Lordship, in his
exzeeding magnanimity, is not unwilling to
make to Puseyism; but alas! in the very next
sentence he proceeds to neutralise their effect,
by stating that he hopes his " clergy will
bar in mind that religion does not consist
in externals and ceremoniabobservances." Thus,
it appears, he will concede to the Puseyites
all that is not worth withholding; and while
he flatters them, by telling them, in his most
gracious and patronizing manner, that they
have done great good by setting the
iitshion of a " stricter Church discipline,'
yet, he adds, that they have "gone beyond the
line in attaching _ importance to things in
themselves non-essentials." Is his Lordship u
Puseyite, or is he not? On the dignified and
eminently spiritual questions of the gown, the
surplice, and the candles, he is Puseyite beyond
all doubt ; but on other points it is equally be-
yond a doubt, that he is Anti-Puseyite. His
Charge is a curious puzzle, admirably calculated,
however, to answer its purpose—that of per-
leensxte iidnt
eigl
fie all
rnlifilt oln,n
wfle seets,hsc,tarnnaoi grgl
give
eofodor
frweadi rt7d people. The
hies;ritnhga.t" it
is

Both these journals adopt this line of argument
in order to throw a slur on the master manufac-
turers, who ought, they think, patriotically and
philanthropically to provide for all the labourers
they may have ever employed, whether they re-
quire their services or not. The master manu-
facturers, however, make no pretexts or profes-
sions of the kind. They avow that they study
their own welfare. They do not disguise their
selfishness. They do not set up for the defenders
of the poor. They ask no rewards, they receive
no homage for pretending to perform any such
services. The labour which they need they buy
in the market, as other men buy hats and shoes;
and as a man is acquitted of all obligation to his
hat-maker and his shoe-maker when he pays for
the articles, so a man who hires labour is ac-
quitted of all obligations to the labourers when
he honestly pays them the price he has con-
' , tracted to pay. At least, these are all the obli-
gations of justice ; there are those of charity and
kindly feeling which are common to all men,
and as much a duty of the labourer, within his
sphere, as of the employer.

The Government, with all its pomp and power,
all its taxes and penal laws, all its provision for a
great army and a great body of clergy, all its
establishments for education and protection,
pre-
tends to provide for the welfare of society.
l
takes that important duty on itself. It will not
allow other persons, like the Chartists, to inter-
fere with it. The Government has no selfishness,
it receives homage, and exacts a rich reward for
defending the people against all kinds of evil. It
interferes with them, it controls them, it pre-
tends to regulate them, and it makes itself re-
sponsible for their happiness.
The complaints and descriptions of our Con-
temporaries, then, do not affect the master
manufacturers, but they are a bitter satire on
the Government. When it allows the working
classes to bear exclusively all the evils of society,
and does not take . care to give them their full
share of every improvement—when the multi-
tude want food and clothing, and it does not
provide bOth, the Government grossly neglects
its duty, and completely fails to accomplish the
purpose for which it demands and receives the
'obedience of the people. When one leading
Conservative journal shows that the labouring
workmen are always oppressed, and another
.omplains that they are half starved and in rags,
may we not anticipate the coming of a political
.millennium, when the Conservative Peer shall
Invite the workman to share his political power,
aid the bulk of the landowners shall fbrego all
rent, and the bulk of the clergy give up their
,Wealth to the Poor, for whom it was originally
intended

We rejoice
toseearmiMgst the agriculturists a
spirit of improvement which is taking the di-
rt ction of freedom from restraint. The farmers
beigin to think, fortunately
that they can manage their for them and for us,
experience
land as well by the
light of their own
bthe dictates of as by the direc-
tions.of: their landlords, and
gene-
rations which have lon g eeri :and asserted
mingled with kin-
dred dust. We have alwaL s f
felt
that what the farmers want
those is to be ob-
reedom and secu-
rity against the landlords; the latter
Lamed by leases, the former by leases being
nearly unconditional, except the payment of a
rent. Precisely in accordance with these views

G IN PERTHSHIRE - The Perthshire
d met on Saturday at the Old Half-way House.
Cff Perth-road, privately, and for a day's cub-
hunting, previous to their
eregularocn -out for the
season.
Plantations Aft‘evri
thdoruatw drawing
expectation of finding
e theyt
rp disappointed. ro of ee eh d e
Aon
s
a
to the Abercairney property, inge,x
a litter of cubs there, but were alsop
the hounds were leaving the west co
,eanw7lll:l
Moor Plantation, above Abercairney House,
veteran varmint jumped up and shook his head
away went the merry lads in black and white, and
n
hard by his wake. ()n they steamed through the' Low
Moor Plantation, and over the open ; and when above the
village of Fowlis the fox was headed, and returned to
the Low Moor. Here he had no time to tarry, threaded
the Muckle Burn, and again broke over the open for
Ballnello Wood, which he also threaded in double
quick time—the merry lads still keeping up the ball
behind him ; and on leaving this wood, the noble and
stout-hearted varmint faced the open moor and on
to Foulford, where he crossed the Taybridge-road,
and then gallantly faced the wild and stupendous
Grampians • passed Conachan Cottage (Major Moray's
:booting lodge), turned to the right, and so
past the farm-house of Fendoch. Here he again
put his head for the mountains, determined to
penetrate the wilds of the Sma' Glen, and crossed
over the very top of the mountains, when he was run
to ground among the rocks above the bridge of
Newton, and the head of the wild and rugged pass of
Glenaimon, after a kallant burst of one hour and
thirty minutes, from hnd to finish. This is the only
fox that hai ever had pluck enough to face the wilds of
the Sma' Glen since hounds have been kept in the
county ; and Smith was struck with astonishment
when he found himself in so wild a country.—Perth
Paper.
SOMETHING NEW.—SAM SLICK IN ENGLAND...—.
Mr. Sperry, who keeps a clock and looking-glass
warehouse in Fulton-street, sailed on the Ist nista! t
for England, on an adventure entirely new. He hva
taken with him 600 Yankee wooden clocks, with
which to astonish the natives ; and if well introduced
will doubtless pay him a handsome profit. The duty
on this article is only 25 per cent., which is the
highest duty on any manufactured article.—American
paper.

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 12, i P 42.

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-t- cronb A'ili'i ;::.ilttto 11

SUN OFFICE Three 0' Clock.

The great movement now in progress among
the German States promises to be attended with
important results to this country and }trance.
A strong desire is manifested throughout all
those districts where the German language is
spoken, to form a political as well as a commer-
cial union, which shall be animated by the same
spirit, and above all by one feeling in common—
a feeling of national honour. The disjunction of
the Italian States, and the ruinous civil wars
which they long carried on against each other,
have rendered Italy all but helpless, and made
her, on the ocasion of any great European con-
vulsion, the prey of the most powerful
neighbour. In Germany causes of a different
kind have produced nearly the same result.
Had unity of council, and a national feeling of
independence and patriotism prevailed through-
out that extensive and fertile territory, inhabited
by people speaking the same language, and hav-
ing many interests in common, the French would
have boasted of fewer victories during the last
war, and the different electorates and kingdoms,
as well as the empire itself, would have, been
spared those defeats and devastations which
brought them successively under the dominion
of NAPOLEON. " Every misfortune," it is well
observed by a German writer, " that we have
suffered for centuries, may be traced to one
cause, and that is, that we have ceased to
consider ourselves a united nation of brothers,
whose first duty it is to exert our common efforts
to oppose the common enemy." The sovereigns,
and the people too, begin to see the real cause of
their weakness, and are cordially joining in one
general effort to break down the barriers which
so long separated them and rendered them so
defenceless against a powerful and united people.
Prussia began the work ; it has been responded
to by Austria ; and the watchword is, usi:.g the
language of the Archduke JOHN, " No Austria;
no Prussia ! But one Germany, strong as her
mountains." The Commercial League has con-
tributed not a little to this national movement,
but it may be traced to a still greater cause, for
which M: THIERS deserves especial thanks. The
mad war cry which he excited two years ago
acted like an electric shock on the minds of the
Germans, and recalled the sufferings, the insults,
the levies of money, and all the horrors of the
last war. Writers in French journals added ex-
citement to the general feeling. They proposed
an inroad into Germany, and claimed the Rhine
as the natural boundary of France; the Ger-
mans responded to the threat, patriotic songs
were heard in every town, and village, and ham-
let, along the banks of" their own Rhine," and
but one feeling, that of resistance to the French,
animated every State. Out of evil, therefore,
cometh good; and perhaps no greater good could
be conferred on Europe than a general confede-
ration, which should unite the Saxon race in the
heart of Europe, forming a barrier against Rus-
sia on the north, and a security also against any
invasion from France on the west. No event could
contribute more to tile peace of the world. The
Germans are a quiet, industrious, and intelligent
people, and when formed into one compact body,
occupying a vast extent of country, and possess-
ing great national resources, they would be in a
position to act their own part, willing to follow
out the bent of their natural dispositions, and at
the same time prepared to resent any wanton in-
terference with their independence.

•The conduct of the present GoVernment with
respect to the Scotch Church, has placed the
Non-Intrusionists in a sad dilemma. While the
Whigs were in office, Dr. CHALMERS and other
leaders paid the utmost court to the Tories, and
made it very evident that, if Sir HOBERT PEEL
would only accede to their wishes, they would
obtain for hint a vast increase of political power
in the North : but all this gentle dalliance, and
all these lair.promises, were in vain—the Pre-
mier remained deaf to their charming, and the
cold and distant manner which he displayed
towards them on the late Royal visit, has left them
;c.) hope but in a determined opposition to his will.
The present Government, they say, have faith-
lessly broken their promises, and deceived the
people and Church of Scotland; and they are
resolved, therefore, to give that Government and
.!11 its supporters the most determined opposition.
W hat party, then,
,will they support? They
cannot with any show of decency tall back upon
their old enemies, who not only refused to do
anything for them, but v4,lutonly opposed the
patristic Bills of Mr. CAMPBELL and tire Duke
of ARGYLL. They have no resource now but
public sympathy, and that seems also to be de-
serting their cause.

Accounts from Madrid of the 3d inst., state
that two propositions had been made in Madrid
to the Spanish Minister of Finance—one by M.
SALAMANCA, in his own name—the other by M.
WEISSWILLER (the agent of the house of ROTHS-
C H ILD i❑ the Spanish capital), for the loan of
40,000,000 of reals. The Ibriner proposed to
;ive 28,000,000 in bills on Paris-and London,
_aid the remaining 12,000,000 in Spanish Go-
vernment securities. The latter (RornscHlLD,
Brothers) offered 30,000,000 in cash, and the
balance in securities. The Minister had not
et, however, accepted either tender.
A good deal of business was done on the
Bourse. The Three per Cents. sold for 21 1-3 1
at 60 days, and the Five per Cents. at 25 for cash,
and 251 14 9-16 1-3 for 49,200,000 reals.

The Paris papers of Monday possess no poli-
tical intelligence of importance, but we regret to
learn from some of them that great distress be-
gins to prevail among the trading classes of the
capital, and that bk.nkruptcies were taking place
The National states that " during the
first eight .days of the present month more than
60 sales under decrees issued from the Courts of
Law had taken place in Paris amongst the coin
mercial classes. Iu this avalanche •of commer-
.2ial disasters is comprised the celebrated Cafe
'Anglais, one of the oldest and most celebrated
establishments of the metropolis. The extensive
is well as- small establishments fall. Affairs in
general are under the influence of an alarming
crisis. EVery day are seen new shops closed on
account of bankruptcy, • particularly in the
fashionable quarters."

The Journal des Debats announces that the
loan of 30,000,000 r. which the Belgian Govern-
enent was authorised to contract had been con-
cluded with the Baron JAMES DE ROTHSCHILD,
,rho paid into the Treasury the first instaltneiii
of 5,000,000 f.

The Prince DE JOINVILLE and the Duke D'Au
MALE left St. Cloud in the night of the Bth inst.
Or Brest, where they were to embark for Lisbon.
A. grand review of the garrison of Paris was to
be shortly held by the Duke DE NEMOURS and
We King of the BELGIANS.
Great discontent prevails in the south of
France, caused by the diminished sale and also
fill in the price of wine. It would appear from
iome of the journals that the interests of the wine
producers in the south and the manufacturers in
Lhe north are incompatible. The Siecle admits
• hat great discontent prevails, and adds :
"'The disobedience to the law, the oblivion of na-
,ionality, and the treasonable menaces of the Borde-
ais. Such terms are li,ard, as France of the North
ind France of the South. People there talk of
)reaking up the unity of the country, the great work
4' the constituent assembly. There is an attempt or-
.fanized to refuse to pay takes, or to pay them but in
Some proprietors let their wines be seizud
rather than pay. The inhabitants of the country
sound Bordeaux have in this given a most pernicious
example. There are 600,000,000 f. worth of wine
produce. It pays 120,000,000 f. to the revenue, that
:5, 10,000,000 direct land tax, 88,000,000 indirect tax,
and 22,000,000 at the gates of towns for octroi. The
wine-owners demand to have 20,000,000 taken Off,
dleging with truth, that they export less to the best
markets of the north now, than they did in 1789, when
their taxes were trifling. Of. these taxes, the poor
wines pay most. The good wines are in a great mea-