Star.
London, England, 1830-08-14 00:00:00

GREAT REVOLUTIONS.

It is remarked that the great revolutions of Europe have occurred
is July. On that month two revolutions were operated, which made
famous the eighteenth century, and changed the face of the old and
new world. The revolution of the United States of America, oc-
curred on the 4th of July. The French revolution (1789) on the
lith July. The United Provinces date their revolution from the
month of July, 1581. The present French revolution in July 1830.
The Union of Calmar, which placed three crowns on the head of
Marguerite de Waldentii, called the Semiramis of the North, was
operated July 8. 1397 ; and on the 9th of the same month, 1762, we
maw another Semiramis of the North (Catherine II.) justify that
title by driving her husband from the throne, and subsequently co-
vering that usurpation with the eclat of a celebrated reign.
The battles which have occurred in the month of July often de.
tided the fate of empires. The battle of Allis, July 18, nearly
ruined the Roman power. In that of the Tiberiad (July 3d) the
unfortunate Lusignan was entirely defeated by the celebrated Sala-
die, and the kingdom of Jerusalem, founded by the first crusaders,
fell for ever into the power of the infidels. At the battle of Ou-
ua, (95th July) Alphonzo I. delivered his country from the yokel
of the Moon, and the title of first King of Portugal was the primal
of his valour. The battle of the Boyne, in Ireland, (21st July)
ruined the hopes of James 1. and secured the crown to the Prince
of Orange. At the battle of Pultava (Bth July) two famous mo-
nuchs, Charles the twelfth, and Peter the Great, fought for their
°towns and lives. The Swedes lost with their king the title of in.
vincible. The history of France will furnish battles in the month
of July of the most decisive character. The battle of Poitiers,
gained by Charles Martel (22d July) rescued France from the yoke
of the Saracens, then masters of Spain. Phillippe Auguste hap-
pily saved his life and kingdom at Bouvines (27th July) and the
throne of Louis XIV. shaken by great reverses near the end of the
Spanish succession war, was secured in the conflict of Denain, by
Marshal Viliars (26th July, 1812.)
Prench valour gained in the month of July the victories of For-
none, Fleurus. Nerwinde' Leach. The battle between Turenne
and Conde, in the Faubourg Saint Antoine, was on the 2d of July,
and the taking of Alexandria, in Egypt, by Buonaparte, the 2d of
July. The battle of the Pyramids, gained by the same, was also
in July, 1798; that of Aboukir, gained over the Turks, 25th
July, 1799 ; and, finally, the battle of Wagram, gained by Napo-
leon over the Austrians, in July, led to all the results of the Treaty
of Vienna, in 1809. We have also seen in July the Regency of Al.
Europe,
overturned, and a piratical State, which, for ages, had insulted
Europe, crushed to rise no more.
On the 27th of July, 1790, the monster Robespierre excited, with
?dam, a popular commotion against the Court and the National
Assembly. In the Palais Royal, then the focus of conspiracies and
revolutionary crimes, he made the following address :—" Citizens of
all ages,fly to St. Cloud; shut up the King and the Dauphin.
Secure he Austrian and her brother-in.law, that they may no longer
conspire. Arrest all the Ministers. Throw them into irons.
Watch the Chief of the municipality, and be sure of the General--
carry off the park of artillery from the Rue Verte ! Seize all the
magazines and powder mills. Run, run, to arms ! Four or six
hundred heads struck off will secure you peace, liberty, and honour.
A false humanity of restraining your arms may cost the lives of
millions of your brethren."
On the 28th July, 1794, the above sanguinary monster was led
to the scaffold, where he furnished a remarkable instance of revolu-
tionary vicissitudes. He was put to death with his accomplices by
a tribunal composed of friends and associates.

AN Inuit SENTINEL.—When the French landed at
Enemy Bay, an Irish peasant who WAS posted, with a musket, upon
one of the cliffs, and had wandered a little out of his position, was
accosted by an English am, " What are you here foe?"—
"Faith, your honour," said Pat, with his accustomed grin of good
humour, •' they tell me I am here for a maitre

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