The Sun.
London, England, 1842-07-25 00:00:00

RAILWAY RETURNS.

We extract from the Railway Magazine the sums re- i
eeived on the principal Railways of Great Britain 1
for the week ending on the day of the ir.onth prefixed
to each. The return includes the money received for
passengers, parcels, carriages, horses, mails, and mor-
chandize :
Week
ended Name of Railway. 1 Opened. lil es T0ta1.z..... a. a .
Julyl6 Birmingham & Derby Junct 48 1,386 12 11
15 Birmingham and Gloucester 55 2,148 10 8
9 Brandling Junction 25 935 17 3
15 Chester and Birkenhead ..
17 Dundee and Arbroath ... ..... 16} 277 8 Ili
16 Edinburgh and Glasgow' 46 2,214 18 6
17 Eastern Counties
16 Glasgow and Ayr 40 1,346 7 5
16 Glasgow, Paisley, &Greenock 22} 1,300 11 1
GrandJunct.,Chester &Crewe 113
16 Great North of England 45 1,349 15 1
17 Great Western
Hayle l6 --
16 Hull and Selby .... ........• 3l 1,032 17 1
16 Lancaster & Preston Junction 20a 517 9 3
15 Liverpool and Manchester 3l 5,266 10 11
16 London and Birmingham ll2l 17,762 15 7
21 London and Blackwall 34 1,312 12 3 ,
16 London and Brighten
Ditto Shoreham Branch -
19 London and Croydon
21 London and Greenwich 3l 896 17 5
17 London and South Western
15 Manchester, Bolton, and Bury 10 560 5 9i
18 Manchester & Birmingham
16 Manchester and Leeds
16 Midland Counties s7i 2,849 3 1 i
16 Newcastle and Carlisle ......
14 Newcastle and North Shields 7 464 5 7
17 Northern and Eastern
16 North Midland
15 North Union
16 Preston and Wyre l9i 291 19 2
18 Sheffield and Manchester.-- 7 291 b 3
21 South Eastern
17 Ulster
16 York and North Midland 2B 1,746 2 7

THE POLISH NATION.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

London, July 23, 1842.
SIR,—l. take the liberty of sending, and beg your
acceptance of, a copy of the address of the General-
in-Chief of the Polish Army, expressive of the grati-
tude of the exiled and oppressed people of Poland, for
the generous sympathy of the British House of Com-
mons, on a recent occasion, in the manifold wrongs
inflicted upon Poland.--I have the honour to be, your
most obedient servant,
(Signed) GENERAL SOLTYK.
TO THE MEMBERS OF THE BRITISH PARLIAMENT.
On a recent occasion Sir Robert Peel, the illustrious
head of your Administration, expressed himself in the
following terms :
" I am convinced that after all the blood and treasure
which must be expended in carrying out such pernicious
policy, it would be found that nationality, if it may be
crushed, would never be extinguished ; that its spirit
survived amidst every oppression in lands however dis-
tant and obscure ; and that though the unfortunate na-
tives might be transported into strange climes, it would
be seen how strictly true it was in this and all other cases
Ccelum, non animum mutanW "
It is this feeling which animates the whole Polish na-
tion, and it is in her name, as General in-Chief of her
army, invested provisionally with the power of President
of the National Government, that I address myself with
confidence to the British Parliament to express her gra-
titude and her hopes. The forms of your Honourable
House prevent us from expressing in a manner more
congenial to our feelings, the deep sense we entertain of
your generous sympathies on behalf of the Polish nation.
The good Wishes expressed for the nationality of Po-
land on this memorable occasion have touched the hearts
of her sons and console them in their misfortunes. They
know how good wishes may be changed into representa-
tions, and representations Into solemn protestations, and
how the protestations of Great Britain are never made in
vain ; they will be heard from one end of the universe to
the other, and teach an important lesson.
What a great nation wishes for she knows how to ac-
complish ; may England support us, and by her: aid
render the holy cause of our country triumphant.
It were vain to speak of the means employed by the
Government of Russia to convert fifteen mitlions of Poles
into so many Russians. That end she shall never ac-
complish while there is a God above, and a free people
on earth.
The people of Poland have experienced terrible vicis-
situdes. They who from infancy have imbibed the love
of country, and who have often and but recently armed
in defence of her liberties and rights, are now constrained
to suft'er in silence every hardship and outrage, and have
only the courage of resignation to oppose to the power
of their oppressor.
One thought, however, at all times consoles and sus-
tains them. It is that these hardships and outrages may
yet be serviceable to their holy calve, and give birth to
the conviction among the independent nations of the
earth, that the acknowledgment of the ancient rights of
Poland, and the restoration of a great and independent
nation, would for ever put an end to this deplorable con-
dition, guarantee the stability of the States of Europe,
and maintain a peace founded on justice and the rights
of nations.
Representatives of Great Britain ! It was worthy of
you, it was worthy of the great nation you represent, to
place yourselves at the head of this noble movement, and
to show by the accomplishment of a great act of justice,
that if you are jealous in maintaining your own liberties,
you can at the same time acknowledge the rights of
others and succour the oppressed.
(Signed) RYBINSKI,
General-in-Chief of the Polish Army.
Paris, 14th July, 1842.
the undersigned, certify the foregoing to be a faith-
ful translation.

(Signed)

GENERAL SOLTYK.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.
'(From the Hampshire Telegraph.)
PORTSMOUTH JULY 23.—The Sulphur, surveying-
ship, Captain Belcher, arrived on Tuesday, after a toil-
some expedition of seven years on the west coast of
North America, the South-sea Islands, the coast of
China, and other places. Her crew have been particu-
larly healthy, and she comes home loaded in an extra-
ordinary manner with vegetable, animal, geological, mi-
neral, and zoological specimens ; she has some plants
running up her hatchways, twenty feet in height, for
some of the public gardens. She sailed on Thursday for
Woolwich, to be paid off.
The Wellesley, 72, Captain Thomas Maitland, ar-
rived at Plymouth on Tuesday, from the East Indies.
She brought home Captain Butterfield (late of
.the Fam-
tome), and invalids, and part of the crew formerly be-
longing to the Alligator—she left Chusan on the 3d of
February ; Singapore, the 7th March ; and the Cape of
Good Hope, the 19th June, all well. She will be paid
off at Plymouth.
The Albatross, 16, Commander Yorke, sailed on Tues-
day for the North American station ; she takesout several
ofii,mrs and upwards of eighty supernumeraries for the
Sydenhain steamer, and other ships ; she is to call at
Plymouth.
The Satellite, 18, Commander Gambier, sailed OR
Monday for the. South American station.
The Alban steamer arrived at Gibraltar from Ply-
mouth, on the 7th inst. The Formidable, 84, and Bel-
videra, 36, sailed from Gibraltar on the 4th ; the former
for Cadiz. The Lizard steamer sailed the same day for
Malaga.
The' Resistance troop ship, arrived at Quebec, from
England, on the 25th June.
The Samarang, 26, and Orestes, 18, were undocked
this morning.
The Tortoise store ship, Captain Wood, left Hobart
Town, for New Zealand, on the 9th March, for masts
for the Navy. The Beagle, surveying ship, Captain
Stokes, sailed at the same time, to survey Bank's Straits.
The Monkey steamer is ordered to the Downs, to
assist in towing Mr. Bush's Cassoon.
The Driver, steam frigate, Commander Harmer, ar-
rived at Simon's Bay, Cape of Good Hope, on the 13th
of May ; she would have to go to Table Bay fur coal,
and would proceed to China, about the 24th.
The Nautilus, 10, Lieut. Commander C. J. Paulson,
arrived on Friday, from off Brighton, where she has been
to protect the mackerel fishery, the season for which
being now over.
•1 The Wolverine, 16, was at Simon's Bay on the 14th

May.
The Pique, 36, was taken out of dock into the basin on
Wednesday.
The ship, George- the Fourth, is daily expected here
front the River to carry the St. Helena regiment to its
destination.
The Malabar, free trader, from Bombay, sailed on
Tu -sday.
The Childe Harold, Indiaman, for Bombay, arrived
yesterday, and sailed this evening.
In Harbour—St. Vincent, Victory, Excellent, Royal
George, Pique, Nautilus, Raven, Seaflower and Sylvia
(cutters,) Echo (steam tug), Diligence (naval transport).
At Spithead—Cleopatra.
PLYMOUTH, JULY 21.—The Belgian transport, Ma-
cassar, sailed for Singapore on Thursday last. The
Philomel, 10, Commander R. J. Sulivan. sailed on Satur-
day for the Pacific, on a survey of the Falkland Islands.
Mr. Henderson, Second Master Attendant, with a party
of men, proceeded the same day, in the Hatnoaze lighter,
for Greenock, to bring the Spiteful steamer to this port..
The Wellesley, 72, Captain Maitland, arrived on Tues-
day from the East Indies.
In Harbour—Caledonia, San Josef, Acton, Wolf,
and Confiance steamer.
in the Sound—Wellesley.
PROMOTIONS AND APPOINTMENTS.
Pnomonos.—Assistant Surgeon—Ebernezer Robert.
son, late of the Benbow, to the rank of Surgeon.
ApPOINTMENTS,—Commander G-. A. Frazer, to the
Comet.
Lieutenants—W. C. Alexander, to the Cleopatra, vice
Pyne ; Augustus Lavie, to the Isis ; B. Young (addi-
tion 1), to the St. Vincent ; Alfred liortrighc, to cent-
usand the Columbia ; G. Blanc, to the Royid Naval Col-
lege, for study.
Master and Pilot—G. J. Hodges, to the Satellite.
Second Master—Mr. John Way, to Meteor ; Mr. E.
H. Howe, to Comet.
Master's Assistant—Mr. O. A. Winstanley, to the
Dee.
Assistant Surgeon—J. N. Derrirnan, to the Sea-
flower.
Mates—W. J. Lower, to the Thunderer ; E. Tumour,
to the Seaflower.
Midshipman—G. J. Colville, to the Carysfort.
Volunteer Ist Class—G. J. Malcolm, to the In-
constant.

PRIMROSE-RILL.--On Saturday a meeting of the
rate-payers of Marylebone, appointed 'as-- a Committee
to assert and maintain the public " right, of way" over
Primrose-hill, in the 'direction of Kilburn, and which
has recently been obstructed, assembled, accompanied by
the Members for the Borough. Sir B. Hall, and Commo-
dore Sir Charles Napier, at Primrose-hill, for the pur-
pose of viewing the spot and " right of way" in
dispute. After some discussion, Sir Benjamin Hall
observed that the course he would recommend the
rate-pay trs to adopt would be at once to call upon
the Vestry to direct their surveyor to make a survey
of the boundaries of the parish at Primrose-hill,
and define it and the ancient footpaths by laying down a
course of stones where they went. Having done this, he
would, with his Hon. Colleague,, be most happy to ac-
company a deputation to the ommissioners of Woods
and Forests, and seek their aid, as they had now pur-
chased Primrose-hill for the use and recreation of the
calk:, in also preserving the right of the public to the
mrans of gaining free access to it. Sir C. Napier coin-
cided in what had fallen from Sir B. Hall; but observed,
that if the rate-payers of Marylebone had a right to the
road in question, and which he felt convinced they had,
he thought they would be perfectly justified in at once
destroying the obstruction. It was ultimately agreed to
carry out the recommendation of the Hon. Baronet, Sir
B. Hall forthwith, and the meeting separated.
GOSSIP OF THE " OBSERVER."—A report is pre-
valent • among the fashionable circles, and which we
notice only because we cannot deem it otherwise than a
most malignant calumny upon the distinguished Lady
who is the object of it. We notice it, in order that an
authorised contradiction may promptly follow our allu-
sion to it. The lie goes that Lady Augusta Gordon this
had
missed some jewellery, and that the possession of h
ofa
jewellery had been traced to the poosi4s.eisisoiloa ding
the
Countess, the daughter of a pers
°I
highest Cabinet appointment, and Ithnegegrnanduiece of the
age. She is the wife of the
most illustrious man Member of the House of
most honest and.singof this
a
Peers. We pray. him. -minded
'st 113 to contradict the
, rep, rt, and aid.him ti?.,,trac7Outrithe caliituniators.
—" 1535 14a. Bd.,
Goon OLD j-IMEs.
.1 of brinoitim a heretic from London, and for
eM)CI.ISC
• • le load of wc.c.,d 2S- ; .for fun-
-0:!;-; alld 112,-
-der ld.'; a stake and gieg, Sd."•rttliA 9 the
DOW
tOrFeritiQU of Canterbury.


REGENCY QUESTION.
(From the Gazette des Tribunaux.)
The other day a journal, ill disguising its hatreds, s„
and desire§ under the form of historical reminiscences,
enumerated at length the calamities whiCh nearly.
alwayS in history accompanied Regencies. It forgot
but one thing, which is, that the then form of Go-
vernmentkept the State also in a minority, 14- eon-
.
centrating all power in the hands of the Regent, the
choice of whoM not being provided for by any preeise
law, was left to the mercy of party strife. Tiths
journal forgot that in searching history for lessons
respecting our future fortune, we should at least
search in histories where the Constitution is analo
gous. to our own. Had it loOked to the History of
England, for example, it would have found that the
periods of minorities and Regencies were as tranquil,
as useful, and as glorious as any other. Previous
to the Constitution of September 10, 1791, the laW of
France presents lbw texts relative to this question.
It is in facts alone that is to be sought the solutior, of
such questions, and at each step facts are modified or
denied according to the interest of those who hap-
pened to be in power. Under the firSt race, there \Vat
no rule.- -The Regency was exercised by he mother
of thel.mitior lung; by his grandmother.; oftener it
was uskmrix by some officer of the late King's House-
-141..• It was only under the second race, in a charter
of Louis the Simple, that that:principle was first laid
down, which was afterwards reproduced in the Con-
stitution of 1791, that the right to the , Regency
should be determined as much as possible by the
order of succession to- the throne. The right of
the Queen-mother is also to be taken into
consideration. Nevertheless, these 'two pr7micis
pies were not always respected, both Queen-
mother and Heir Presumfmtive being excluded.fsom
the Regency, as was the case after the death of
Henry I. This was the germ of the Regency by.
right of the late King's will. Queen Blanche was
thus named Regent by an Act of Louis VIII., during
the minority of her son Louis IX., and her firmness
overcame the obstacles which the young King's uncle
put in her Way. Independent of 'a Regency dnrink.
the King's minority, there was that during his-ab-
sence. In this case the King could ChOose-whOnl.*
pleased. St. Louis preferred the Abbot of fit. Deuis
as a Regent, rather than the Queen or his brother:it
The settlement of a Regency during a minority' was .
to be
~sanctioned by the grandees of the kingdom.
This, was the case when Philip the Handsome settled
the Regency which succeeded him. The -edict of
Dec: 26th, 1407, is the first which is explicit on the
subject. This edict publishes, as perpetual and ir-
revocable, that minor Kings should be governed by
the counsels and deliberations of the Qucen-mother,
if alive, or the nearest relation of the blood Royal,
and also, by the deliberations and counsels of the Con-
stable-and Chancellor of France, and other wise men.
An express clause of the edict forbids any interpreta-
tion or change to be made in it ; but the edict was not
the better observed for that. For instance, at the
death of Louis XI., the last wish of Louis XI. was
that his daughter, Anne de Beaujeu, should be Regent.
This was violently opposed by 'the Duke of Orleans, .
heir presumptive to the Crown (since Louis XIL),
who pretended to the Regency by right of the edict of
1407. Jean de Bourbon made the same pretensions.
The dispute threatened to become serious, though the
edict was evidently in favour of the Duke of Orleans.
The S tates-General, assembled atTours, settled the ques-
tion by declaring that, although the King was still a
minor, he should be crowned immediately and govern
himself; that the Duke should be President of the
King's Council, and that Jean de. Bourbon and Sire
de Beaujeu should have the right of sitting there. We
cannot follow all the details of the struggle between
Catharine de Medicis and the King of Navarre for
the Regency during the minority of Charles IX.:
a middle course was again had-resort to. " The three
estates of the kingdom," said- the Chancellor Dc
L'llopital,'" to whom the contestation was referred,
deterinthed either by equity or our pressing solicita-
tions, to give - time guardianship of the person and pro-
perty of the King to the Queen, and the King of
Navarre-to be her assistant and councillor.", It was
thought that this would be a means of reconcilia-
tion, but it proved the contrary. The right of
ieena.to the Regency was soon after solemnly
and unanimously acknowledged by Parliament, which,
on the very day King Henry- W. died, gave the
regency to Marie de Medicis. Louis XIII., warned
by the dangers which the State had run during his
minority, determined to avert, if possible, those dangers -
from his successor. He, therefore, declared in the
month of April, 1643, Queen Anne Regent during the
minority of the Dauphin, and the Duke of Orleans,
his brother, Lieutenant-General of the kingdom, under
the Queen, with a council to regulate by vote all the
important business of the State. But after the King's
death the Duke of Orleans and the Prince of Conde,
having declared that they would take no other part in
affairs but that which it. pleased the Queen to assign
them, the Parliament setting aside the late King's will,
deelared the Queen-mother Regent of the kingdom,
with liberty to choose her own. council. The will of
Louis.XlV. was destined..to be as little reqected
as
that 'of Louis XIIL, and-Louis XIV. had ibret,een
it: "I have made my will," said he, " because I was
besought to do, so, but mine will be treateiras Was my
father's." In this will, wishing' to • 'conform to' the
edict of 1407, he appointed no Regent,•but a Ctranell
of Regency, in which he named the Duke of Orleans
chief. This council was to be composed of Princas.of
the blood, not. younger than twenty-four years.
Ministers of State, Marshals Valero], de' I.
d'llarcoUrt, d'Uells, and Dc Millard; and the nuitiber
was not to be increased, even in cast Of' tlielzleath •
of one of . them. All business was, .to: hestsettled
by a plurality of voices. The Duke „of Maine. ~11a41
charge of the King's education, and the govern-
ment of the troops of ' his household. The day
after the death of Louis XIV. this I%ill was annulled
by Act of Parliament, on the grounds that if
the Duke of Orleans were chief by virtue of the
King's will, he was alSo. by his merit and high birth.
He was therefore proclaimed Regent. There is great
obscurity as to the real term fixed for the majerity. of .
the Kings of France. According, to Tillett the ma-
jority was fixed at the age of fifteen, after Hugues
Capet ; but Dupois, in his " Traite de la Al ajorite des
Rois," observes that Tillet spoke without authority ;
and adds that in 1184,-Philip was still a minor, though
twenty years old; that Louis was a minor till
twenty-one ; from whence time author concludes, as
from other examples; that the full majority of Kings
is not reached till twenty-one. Philip the Bold :was
the first .who modified this state of things ; for by an
ordonnance of 1270, he fixed the majority of his-son
at the age of fourteen... We find the same age indi-
cated for majority in an Act of Partition made. in
1344,, by. Philip of Valois, and in edict of 1374, by
which Charles V. orders " that the eldest Sons of
KingS of France, prtisent and future, shall be of age
at fourteen." These prescriptions were generally fol-
lowed afterwards. Under Catherine of Al edicis it was
disputed whether fourteen years commenced, or four-
teen years accomplished, rendered the King of age.
Catherine caused the -former to be decided.
To .irevent the return of similar disputes, the Con-
stituent Assembly- thought fit to regulate in absolute
terms the organisation of the Regency. In the terms
of the Constitution of 1791,-the. King is a minor till
the age of eighteen is accomplished ; the Regency
belongs to. the nearest of kin to the King, following
the order- of succession. The Regent must be twenty-
five years of age, a Frenchman, and not heirTre-
sumptive to another crown. Women are excluded
, from -the Regency. - The Constitution then fixes the
conditions for the election of a Regent, in ca,e the
minor King has no near relative. The election is to
'be Made by a college composed of special electors
named in each district. The Senatus Consultum of
28 Floreal, year 12, treated also of the Regency.
According to this .Senatus Consultum, the Emperor
.is.a minor until he is eighteen -years of age
.accom-
plished. The Regent must be twenty-five accom-
nlished. Women are excluded from the Regency.
The Emperor names the Regent from among die
French Princes and in default of any among. the
grandees of the empire. In case the Emperor has
not named the Regent, and none of the French Princes
having attained the age of twenty-five, the Senate
elects the Regent from among the grandees of the na-
tion. The Regent is not responsible : the powers of the
Regent are limited, especially in the declarations
of war and signing of treaties—cases in which
the Council of Regency must decide by a majority..
The-care of the Emperor is entrusted to his ino-
ther; in case of her death, to the 'Prince named by the
predecessor of the minor, or by the Senate. Another
(Sesipoiatsiiitn
sioCosn. suLtustmead of
, of lBl,:xl,clusoimtheirN vatommecanlififie.os• mthtehsee
li
ms
oth
esof Regentthe a s
pr er
es ss
r,Ne,eglelneays,
gituadredeialanr.es theTi,e Empress-
Regency either by will or letters patent.

ttecaiirls.°that(s.
. .
gives . some additional de-
the late disturbances at Mantua.
tails respecting
t,
The Augsburg Gazette
for some time past, several of
It appears that,
of_ the town had been excited
fanatical
sermons, and only'
waited for a favourable opportunity to testify.
On the 30th ult., one of them'
Dung
ge men
nws by.
being in a cafe with several Jews, gave one a kick,
and blow in the face. This was the beginning of' a
violent quarrel, which gradually extended itself to,
various parts of the town. The Commandant having
hastened to stop the riot, one of the leaders pushed-
him violently back, and tore his decoration frmn his,
breast. The armed force wascalled out, and fired on the
rioters. Several were killed, and others wounded. The
populace then took part in the quarrel and opposed the
soldiers, and as the garrison is but small An:ippnmer
the tumult continued for three days. The ,country-
house of the Jewish family Finzi
.wzs pillaged, an&
for . three days the Jews could .not stir out of their
habitations. At last troops arrived from ArOxis, and
trarapillity was in some measure restored.
In the course of tl'c. 1.11.4; A''eek.,a._w°l:l2arl of :Gl-10=t
_ ,i. ~
Waz, delivered of four children ; filmy w 46 *44, u 4.4
Alive, butilied aka 4400,