The Sun.
London, England, 1829-11-27 00:00:00

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

VICE-CHANCELLOR'S COURT, Nov. 26.
TIANBURY V. KIRKLAND AND MILNE.
The full particulars in this trial we gave yesterday,
but which was not concluded when we went to
press. The VICE-CHANCELLOR. ordered that the
defendants re-invest the money as prayed, and also
that an account of the dividends be taken from the
time that Mr. Charles Kaye absconded.

COURT OF KING'S BENCH, Nov. 26.
EX-PARTE ELI AS SMART.

Mr. STARKIE moved for a writ of habeas corpus,
directed to the gaoler of Doncaster, to bring up
Elias Smart, who had been committed to his custody
on a charge of robbery at the betting-rooms at Don-
caster. The Learned Counsel stated that his client
was a respectable person; he kept an eating-house in
London,and was also a fislimonger,and occupied pre-
mises in Bridge-street, at a rent of 3601. The object
of the present application was to have him admitted
to bail. The Learned Counsel stated a variety of
facts from the affidavits made in support of the ap-
plication; but as it was intimated that the publica-
tion might impede the course of justice, we refrain
from reporting them.
Mr. DoDsoN was instructed by the committing
:Magistrates to suggest to the Court, in case the ap-
plication were acceded to, that the depositions,
when the party should be brought up, should not
be made public. Probably the Court would allow
the case to be heard at chambers.
The Court assented.

AGE, AN ARTICLE THAT CANNOT BE
STOLEN.-The Marshal de BassomrtEax asked one of his
officers " how how old he was?"—" I cannot tell exactly,"
said the Captain, " but I am either thirty-eight or forty-
eight." " How is it," answered the Marshal, " that you
are so ignorant of a concern that every person finds plea-
sure in knowing ?"—" Why," said the Captain, " I keep
an exact accodnt of my rents, and what is owing to me,
for fear of being cheated, but I never trouble my head
about my years, because nobody can rob me of them."
On Monday se'nnight a party of friends at
Leighton Buzzard partook of an excellent dinner, and
spent the afternoon pleasantly together, in a large cask,
which had bees made for a respectable innkeeper of that
town, celebrated for the goodness of his ale. It holds
1.300 gaffing, is sufficiently capacious to bold 15 per-
sons, and is the largest ever made in that place. 'l•he
party sipped their beverage out of a stone pot which holds
a gallon.
Wednesday morning last an eccentric little
fellow, who was employed in assisting to convey the mail
front Newark to Tuxford, was thrown from the top of the
coach, and received such severe injury as to occasion hia
death in a short time. Ile was one of the sporting gentry
who got up the last prize fight near Newark, and it is
feared that the accident which occasioned his death arose
from his being intoxicated at the time when it occurred.
Thus drunkenness generally goes hand in hand with prize-
fighting to debase and demoralize those who are silly
enough to be gratified by such an absurd and blackguardly
excitement,

A PLAN for IMPROVING the CARRIAGE
PAVEMENT of the METROPOLIS.
BY LIEUTENANT J. 11, BROWN', ROYAL NAVY.

Having observed the unsafe and disgraceful
state of the pavement of our public streets, and
even where Macadamizing has been adopted, the
repairs continually required, and the constant
accumulation of mud and dust, I have given the
subject much attention for the last few years,
and I am induced to propose a plan to remedy
the defect.
I must premise by observing, that the founda-
tions of most of our streets are, of necessity,
bad ; as, independent of the nature of the soil,
the ground has been so often dug up, and turn-
ed over, for the purpose of levelling, forming
and repairing sewers, laying down gas, water
pipes, &c. &c. ; that although the paving should
be executed in the best manner, it is impossible
that it can remain in the position placed ; for
the water, after a glut of rain, passes down be-
tween the joints of the stones, the foundation,
composed of earth, rubbish, &c. speedily be-
comes a puddle, softer in some parts than in
others, a great portion of which works and
churns up between the joints, and allows the
stones to sink under the first heavy carriage
that passes, forming pools for the reception of
more rain, and daily becoming worse, until it is
necessary to relay it ; when, after a short time,
the same thing happens over again, thus causing
an endless expense to the different parishes.
The plan I suggest is, that, after the founda-
tion has been formed in the necessary shape,
and the surface rolled or rammed hard, the pav-
ing stones, dressed so as to fit close together,
should be laid or set in a thick coat of good
mortar, and the joints grouted with cement ; the
whole mass would thus become a solid body,
and the rain would be effectually prevented from
penetrating to the foundation, which would re-
main dry and firm in the position it was origi-
nally placed.
1 recommend this in preference to any other
artificial foundation, such as broken stones, sand,
gravel, &c. ; for, provided it was sufficiently
firm to bear the weight of the paving stones and
carriages passing, nothing would displace it until
worn out.

The stones must be grooved on the surface
about a quarter of an inch deep, to prevent
horses slipping ; and if scored diagonally, it
would obviate any jar or jolt that could be an-
ticipated from the wheels of a carriage passing
over them at right angles. This scoring could
be renewed when necessary, by providing light
screens on wheels, inside of which the men could
work on any part with hammer and chisel, pro-
tected from danger. Carriages would run over
this pavement with far less friction, and as little
noise, as they Now do over a Macadamized
road ; and this great advantage would be gained,
that, whereas the one is constantly wearing in
holes and wanting repairs, never looks finished,
and covers the inhabitants and travellers with
mud and dust, (the only change) a pavement
laid down on this principle would last for many
years without further expense or trouble ; and
as no mud could work up from the foundation,
consequently no dirt could accumulate, but what
fell from the horses ; and the small, but gradual
and even wearhag away of the surface, it could
be kept by sweeping as clean as a barn-door ;
the expense of watering in summer would also
be saved.

This plan would be attended with little more
cost than the old mode of paving, the difference
being the dressing the stones, and substituting
mortar for gravel ; certainly, considerably cheaper
than the method adopted in many parts, of lay-
ing a foundation of Macadamized stones. And
to prevent the necessity of ever disturbing it for
any purpose after it was once made, I would
construct culverts* along the sides of the streets,
under the part now occupied by the surface gut-
ters, large enough to contain the branch water •
pipes, gas-pipes, or indeed, any thing that could
be conveyed through pipes in or out of the
houses. The tops of those culverts should be of
cast-iron, about four feet long, and each length,
if necessary, (or wherever a joint or communi-
cation was required) should lift on or off at
pleasure. The inspector or workmen could
thus, at all times, have easy access to the pipes,
without interfering with the street or house ;
and any accident could be amended cheaply and
promptly, (the men having day-light and room
to work) without the expense and annoyance of
breaking up the pavement, which could never be
properly replaced. The upper surface of those
cast-iron lengths should be hollowed into the
form of a gutter, in order to carry the rain water
from the street to the grating which communi-
cates with the sewer ; and the bottom of the cul-
vert would convey any water that leaked through
• the joints, in the same manner.
For a new pavement, I would recommend the
best material (granite) to be used, as the cheapest
in the end ; but in relaying a street, the same
stones may be used, after being dressed or cut
to the necessary form. I consider the best pro-
poi tions to be eight inches long, five inches
wide ; and a foot, or as much more as conveni-
ent, deep. If it was necessary to use different
sizes, they must on no account be mixed, but
worked into separate lengths or patches of pave-

ment.
Although Macadamizing is undoubtedly a
great improvement on eur roads, it can never
come in competition with this mode of paving
for streets, or great thoroughfares, which has
all the advantages of strength, cheapness, beauty,
durability, and cleanliness.
June 25th, 1829.

Since making the above observations, I have
noticed that this method has been partly adopted
in different streets in town ; that is, so far as
dressing the stones and grouting the joints, a
considerable step towards improvement ; but this
of itself is not sufficient, for if a stone rests on
earth, gravel, or broken stone, for the bed, it is
liable to be disturbed by the shock of a heavy
carriage passing, in which case the grouting in
the joint will crack, aHd admit the wet to the
foundation, causing all the mischief I have al-
ready described. Another very bad practice I
have observed, is that that of ramming the stones,
to bring the pavement to a level, some days after
it has been grouted, and in reality destroying the
benefits to be derived from it, as good mortar
or grouting should set and get hard, in a very
short time after it is first applied, and the ram-
ming cracks the joints again ; besides, all the
foundations I have seen are porous, and although
being for the most part of broken stones, they
will not work or churn up, as the gravel does
(which accounts for the mud we wonder to see

• Ihe mains as they are at present constructed, may
run through the centre of the street ; as they would seldom
or ever want to be disturbed, and they could be inspected
when the pavement was worn out, and in the progress of
relaying; or they could run along the sides, if the culverts
were made large enough ; of course the size of the side
culverts or gutters, depend on the situation and the quan-
tity of water reitartd to be oweveyea.

in the streets that are so often swept) ; still,
they allow the water to pass through them to the
real foundation below, causing the pavement to
sink into inequalities, as may be now seen in
Fleet-street, which was done at a great cxpence
about two years ago.
By bedding the stone in mortar, properly
placed in the situation it is to remain, then
grouting the joint, and allowing it to set hard,
without afterwards ramming or disturbing it, the
pavement will remain immoveable and water
tight, until fairly worn out, and save all the ex-
pence of an artificial foundation of Macadamized
stones, or other matter. Now, when we con-
sider the labour of digging out, and carting
away, eighteen inches or two feet deep of earth,
and replacing it with another material to be pro-
vided, prepared, and carted also ; such expence,
which I maintain is all unnecessary, and which
must make the principal item in the cost of
pavements I have lately seen, may all be saved
by this plan.
A grand objection to a Macadamized pave-
ment, in this and every cold climate, is, that a
severe frost setting in after wet, does incalculable
injury, owing to its porous state ; now, as no
water can penetrate beneath the surface of this
pavement, if properly made, this serious fault is
obviated.

I trust the strength and cheapness of this
plan, as compared with all others I have seen,
will induce some one, having the power, to grant
it a trial, and I have no fear for the result. I
have observed that the most useful inventions are
the most simple and obvious when once made
known ; and often, from their very simplicity,
take away from the merit' of the inventor ; we
may instance steam, gas, &c. &c. As I publish
my sentiments a►ul observations, and the result
I have come to, after much trouble and atten-
tion, without any sinister motive, I trust I may
escape the imputation of having promulgated a
plan which any one could suggest ; should such
casuists be found, I refer them to the story of
Columbus breaking the egg.
September, 1829.

SECOND EDITION.
SUN OFFICE, Seven o' Clock.

THE LONDON GAZETTE

OF THIS EVENING.