The Sun.
London, England, 1842-04-28 00:00:00

M. A z‘tado received a payml of nobility, frora_Fercitnatitt
Under the title of A.larquis de . He was a
'great lover of the fine arts, and his gallery of pictures contained
some excellent: Adur:llos he posses.sed also in his collection
Canova's celebrated st2.ttie of the Magdalen, wh:ch he pur-
chased for 3,500/. His inanensc property, said to amount to
50,000,000 of francs, acquit ed by speculations in the funds since
1623, remains to be divided among his widow and three sons:
_ _ .

The eldest ofM. A guado's sons, aged 28, is married to a daugh-
ter of Al:. Macdonald, an English Gentleman, who was Consul-
General, upon which be gave up his commission in a cavalry
regiment, and entered diplomacy; became attached to the Em-
f`asq at Vienna, and is at present a member of the Legation at
Florence. The two younger sons of the late Marquis, one
seventeen and the other fourteen years old, are pursuing their
•studies at the College Bourbon. M. Ageado was a native of
Spain, but became a naturalised Frenchman and colonel in the
army, in which capacity he returned after the Spanish war in
Mute. Aguado is. a. Spanish lady. A part of the Mar-
quis's suite, with his equipagp, arrived at Borcicauxon Tuesday

'CULTIVATION OF COTTON IN
INDIA.
. ,
"We have received a letter from Colonel Ed-
. 'vard Nicholls, late Governor of :Fernando Po,
eo this subject, for the whole of which we are
t!u to Lind room, but must content ourselves
with briefly adverting to some of the facts and
1.-ottotents Ls,- Which he enforces the policy of
immediately taking- sonic steps to promote the
growth of cotton in our own territory, India, in
order to be provided for the possible failure of
supply from the Artier-lc:in market by the ex_
tioetion or slavery or other causes.
Colonel Niel:oils commences by stating., that
from recent accounts received from India, a full
supply of cotton of the kind most in demand in
this country, and AVhieti is now obtained from the
slave States of North America, may, in the
course of a few seasons, be raised from our own
territory in India at a cost greatly below that of
American cotton. It may be easily accomplished
by one or more tvell-Conducted joint-stock corn-
p.:nies of British capitalists. He observes, that
• cfperiments have been for some time past
)naking by American planterS in various parts of
under the direction of East India Com-
pany, to ascertain how far it is possible to pro-
- vide this country with cotton of Indian growth
ensited to our .manufactures; and that some of
experiments have proved eminently sue-
-cossful: He quotes, in confirmation of this state-
meat, a letter written by one of these American
planters to Dr. Spry, Secretary to the Agricul-
tural Society in India, to whom he forwarded
,sereral, specimens of' the cotton grown. The
„writer •stated, amongst other things, that a sup-
ply of cotton of which specimens were sent, or
even ea better quality, can be produced in that
eountry' (India) in an ordinary season, for the
whole of Europe; that from what he had seen
-that season, the American, and even thenative
cotton, cultivated upon the new plans will give
a profitable investment, and that by cultivation
and gradual admixture of the indigenous with
the American cotton the staple will becOme
fine, and, without partaking- of the delicacy of
a foreign and tmacclimated plant, retain its na-
tive hardness.
This planter, however, in common With the
others, loudly complains or the difficnlties they
have had to encounter, in consequence of the
neglect and indifference of the' Government
agents, whose duty it was to render them every
facility. Oar correspondent remarks, after giving
14,onie more, quotations Iron: the le t nlluded
''The evidence adduced in the minute of Lord
Auckland, under date August 12, 1839, affords
sattondant proof' dint, without any improvement
iu he cultivation, it' due attention were. paid to
the gathering, cleaning, and packing of the cot-
Aopoow grown, it would meet a very ready sale
at a much higher price than it now commands
ti this market. To effect this, however, to any
e.xteut, a complete change in the practice now in
fore.. 7, is requisite. By the introduction of a new
and improved system, the numerous unnecessary
Virarges and fraudulent deteriorations to which
the staple is now subjected by the banyatel tind
intermediate agen ts, brokers; and dealers, through
rhose hands it now passes, would be prevented."
then makes some further observations for
the entrpose of. showing the importance of' this-
eultimtion of cotton, both in a commercial and
a political point of view, and states that Lord
Eller-thorough, the new Governor-General, as
well as the India Board at home, are deeply in-
terested in this subject, and are fully disposed to
live every possible kcility to any well-devised
ifntnets, having for their object the supply of the
British markets with East India cotton, in lieu
that now brought from America; the Colonel
atOrming, that the East India cotton may be im-
ioirtcd at an immense reduction upon American
prieeFt",
ile,nyotleeds strenuously to insist upon the ex-
.
pedieney of carrying out this great scheme.
• lit' remarks, that we are now dependent upon a
threil.-m,,and, is many respects, a rival nation,
for toe supply, to the extent Qf nearly 14,000,0001.
sterling annually, of a raw material which em-
ploys in its manufacture '2,000,000 of our popula-
(ion, and which, . whoa .fabrieate:), is, perhaps,
Alex t to food, the first necest; kry of life ; this,
-zoo, whilst we have The means of: raising it on
ear own territory. lie also lays particular stress
upon the ,fenrful consequences that might, nod
probably would occur in ;our manufacturing dis-
tricts, in the event either of a general rising of
lie slaves in the southern states of the North
A inerican
.union, or of a rupture between the
(.4overnments -of Great Britain and the United I

:states'; .the latter contingency, however, is not
sor the prosent, we think, likely to occur, unless
some unforeseen cause of dispute should unhap-
pily arise. Colonel Nicholls strengthens this
position of his argument, by setting forth the
:advantages to he obtained by opening fresh
sources of employment to the tens of thousands
of our fellow-subjects in India, who are now in
irlieness and praying for employment, having
twen robbed by our new and improved machinery
of their silk and cotton manufactures. •

One of the strongest points in the letter is the
following. He observes that "it is too well
known and felt by all, that America is gradually
rivalling us in manufactures, and in none more so
than in cotton, fkibric.." He continues by enu-
merating the various advantages possessed by
America over this country, as regards the cot-
ton manufactnre. The Americans iwork by
water-power, whereas we employ steam, which
costs fuel. They grow their raw material,
Whereas we are compelled to convey it across
the Atltuitic, Subject to heavy freights, a great
succession of profits, and a fiscal charge; and
hence, from these, and a variety of other causes,
in all articles Avliere the value of the raw material
e!tceeds that of the workmanship, the American
goods are driving- the British out of the market,
not only in the. United States, but in other foreign
countries. " With such a prospect before us,"
oir.or-..es Colonel Nicholls," is it not time that
Ive-began'to'seek other inarkets for our fabrics')
Asnl fo'whitt'quarter can we turn with such a•cer-

tainty of beneficial results as to the millions of
our fellow-subjects in the East? By taking from
them the raw material we shall be placing them
in:a condition to become consumers to an equal
extent of our manufactured productions, and thus
be conferring inestimable benefits on both coun-
triax.'7 fie farther states that. the importation
front India of the raw cotton would give freight
to. at least ;300,000 tons of _British shipping.
ein conclusion, he shows the great importance
ofaiiiis subject in its bearing- upon the slave Cluestion,•hut our spaCe will not allow us to give any
detailed:'re.mute of his arguments. He observes,
titatltheigreater proportion of the slaves in the
Upited-Scates are engaged in the culture of cot-
tomond that. nothincr, is so likely to effect the
extinct ,a of this slaVery—so obnoxious to all
true philanthropists.—as tlie employment of Bri-
tkAiokillvanti, capital in raising cotton by free
labonr.iu ouriown possessions in India, and thus
4-rradually superseding the demand upon America,
iszvliicli
the mainstay of slavery.
81.ich are the principal points cwained in this
letter, and we cannot but think that, at the pre-
t4ent moment especially they are well worthy of
public attention.

CIVIL AND COMMERCIAL JUS.
TICE IN FRANCE.

The Monitor)• contains the report of the Minister of Justice
to the King, on the state of civil and commercial justice in
Fringe for the year 1840. It occupies nearly twelve columns
~-,f that Journal. The following resume, however, embraces all
that it contains of general interest. The first portion of the re-
:Fort relates to the Court of Cassation. It states that the num-
ber of new appeals to this tunreme Court, in 1840, was 549,
• viiiirli was about the same as in 1839, but very inferior to
that of preceding years, and the Alinister announces that it had
been for some years gradually decreasing, which he ascribes
tea a riinre pafeet comprehension and more perfect application
of the law by. the other Courts of Justice. The report next
proceeds to the Gnu., u
•Aoyates. 1 t appears that the number
of ou,es inscrlo;'i 17 bed in these Courts throughout tha kingdom
in 1840 waS Ing 57S less than in 1839. The
muraber of undecided c0i.;03 standing over from 1839 was
6,936; of the total number 11,539 were decided upon in
1641,,,5, that the number standing over at the end of that
1840,
year was ,-,..l6than less at the end of the year 1839. Of the
t
11,539 causes
864; had been entered on the re-
! tried at .
for more than, two year • • 3 •i-
-mist•-y of the Court . . , • ~.34 from one
‘..
'" . . (-41 from six months to on.,
to two years;, 3, 1....
inl 9 169 . "r ; "23
from throe ,tort titix months ; a —, . were decided upon
'within a pett ' f three oriths from the time of their being
oc 1( i In• .1. •
' als from le civiltribunals, 4,671
inscribed. On 6,778.app4
,„
, d of 1,634 a?peals from coin-
judgments were eotitirmed; an
confirmed as
inertial tribunali,' ilie nutiber of Judgmentliedeither 'l.---
i,158; the rest in both' caßei were gum wholly ,t,
s entered for trial be-
partially. . - The number of new cause.
051,
being
exactly
fore, ,the ,civil tribunals in 1840, was 123, . .
years preceding
1,000 more, than the. average of the three
'
18.19,.., and 5,r.-4 more than in the year 18:.).9 taken alone.
r ,
To these' 12:i,051' new causes were added, •10,'•19 standing'
sever frOm 1839. Of the whole number 135,119
The of were tried,
'
leaving a much smaller arrear than in 1839. p
time during which ' the causes had been inscribed is stated
as follows for 125,205 only, the returns being clearly made
out only for that number .-47,450 were tried within three