The Sun.
London, England, 1842-07-02 00:00:00

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.

The Nobility, Gentry, Subscribers, and the Public, are respectfully
informed that
ON 14i ONDAYS, TUESDAYS, AND THURSDAYS,
GRAND EVENING FETES will be given, in Which will be em.
bo.lied all those popular Entertainments that have given to this favou.
rite place of recreation its peculiar celebrity, with additions and in.
trochctions, which render them more generally attractive.
'1 he MENAGERIE has been enriched by many valuable and im-
portant acquisitions in the classes of both Quadrupeds and Birds.
Feeding Time Five o'clock:
The Colossal VIEW OF ROME has been repainted, and in some
instances remodelled, with a Mechanical Tableau d'action, repre-
senting the Ploce.sion of the Papal Troops, Guards, and Roman
Nobles, to the Castle of St. Angelo.
Tha BAND includes some of the most eminent Performers, con.
Ducted by Mr. Godfrey, and the Programme of the PROMENADES
sICALES selectedf rom the noblest works of the great Masters.
The ILLUMIN'ATIONof .ST. PETER'S, the CROSS of FIRE,
and the GHIA NDOLA o;' ST. ANGELO, wi,h all the gorgeous
Sputaeles and magnitieent introductions that have called forth ac.
clammations of delight and admiration on each evening of their ex.
hlbition, terminating with the triumph of pyrotechnic splendour,
the CASCADE of BRILLIANT FIRE, SIX I Y FEET in height.
The Gardens are open Daily from Ten till Dusk. The Evening
Fetes, with the Pzomenades Musicales, Illumination of :A. Peter's,
Girandola of St. Angelo, &c., will be given on Mondays, Tuesdays,
ar.d Thursdays. Admission One Shilling.

THE WEATHER.—NOON, JULY 1.
AL CALLER Y OP SCIENCE, ADELAIDE-STREET
Sivrmometer .... GI Highest 75 !Lowest 54
Barometer 30.02.—Wind W.N.W.

atliti WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY.
"orni na... "39 minutes after 7 1 Evening ..... 3 minutes after 8.

Lill Advertisements of a llisgu.sting Character,
or Immoral Tendency, are excluded from
the Columns of 6. The Sun."

LONDON:
SATURDAY MORNING, JULY 2, 1842.

We have to regret that the other demands on our co-
lumn; will not allow us to insert in extenso an account,
which has been forwarded to us from the office of the
Leeds Times, of a meeting of the shopkeepers held in
that borough on Wednesday last. It is, however, much
too important for us wholly to omit it in the present
state of the country, and we therefore lay an abridge-
ment of it in this place before our readers.
The requisition for calling the meeting was signed by
upwards of 200 respectable tradesmen of all parties and
Polities, and all sects in religion. The meeting was held
under the auspices of the Mayor, and is said to have con-
sisted of not less than 800 persons. Not a murmur of
dissent was uttered at any of the statements, and not a
hand was held up in opposition to any of the resolutions.
What was said, therefore, and what was done, may be con-
sider3d as an index to public opinion at Leeds, to which
the respectable middle classes testify.
The first resolution expressed alarm, the alarm of the
balk of the inhabitants of Leeds, at " the present un-
paralleled distress and suffering," particularly "in the
where not less than 4,000 families
township of Leeds,
are receiving parochial relief, mid all the other town-
ships of the borough are in an equally distressed con-
dition." It also affirms that the number of paupers is
alarmingly on the increase. The second resolution sets
forth, that while rates are on the increase, praperty
is diminishing ; that many persons have been degraded
front affluence to poverty; and that unless some remedy
be found, they entertain the. most serious apprehensions
for the continuance of public peace and order. They
beseech the Legislature to make a searching inquiry
into the cause or' this state of things. for which they
vou:111; and they agree to memorialise her Majesty and
petition the Parliament.

If
by accident a railway carriage is upset, or a great
fire turns down a great number of houses, the
ready sympathy our people feel for the sufferers,
the zeal they display in relieving them, and
in providing securities against such future calamities, is
worthy of all praise; and will they feel less sympathy, be
loss zealous to give relief, when they learn that hundreds
and thousands of their countrymen are slowly perishing
of :',a nine, and great cities are going to waste and ruin?
Leeds, said Mr. WHITEIIEAD, is IiONV what Stockport
was 13 months ago, and in about the same time hence
Lecci-; will prole bly be NVlint Stockport now is, little
better than a wilderness. So we see town after town,
learning, the seats
the seats of our arts, the seats of - our.

of our science—for neither art, nor learning, nor science,
except the art of agriculture, is, as the rule, to be found
in our rural districts —going to decay. If persons in the
country require to build a good house, they come to the
towns for a plan and for the workmen. But the ruin
which overwhelms them will soon extend to the other
parts of the empire, which derives its prosperity from
their prosperity ; and it is not therefore prudent, it is not
wisely selfish, it is not kindly, not patriotic, not Chris-
tian-like, to know that such dreadful calamities are slowly
creeping over our towns, and not be as zealous to arrest
the march of the evil as to prevent a conflagration or the
overturning of a railway carriage. _ _ _

As to the proofs which the men of Leeds bring for-
ward of this slow but certain and deadly decay, they say
that the present depression has existed for more than
three years, and is getting worse and worse. " Where
166 gigs," says Mr. AVENS, cloth finisher, '• were for-
merly at work, giving employment and dood wages to
a large number of hands, there are now only 20 working
full time, 42 working short time, and 104 standing alto-
gether idle.' Mr. HOL3IES, a linendraper, declares that
of all the ordinary articles of clothing, not connected
with fashions, but garments that are supposed to be ne-
cessary, such as no person will if possible go without—
such
as the commonest young women in the factories
think must be worn for decency or comfort—the sale is
not a tithe now of what it was two years ago. This
greatly diminished sale has accompanied, which is very
r.unarkable, a greatly . diminished price. The di-
minished sales of the drapers tell of course
on the manufacturers, and the sum laid out with a
Manchester house had fallen from 3181. to 196/. But that
is only a specimen of what is going on in all branches of
business ; and as poverty assails one town and one ma-
nufacture, the ruin of another becomes swifter and more
certain. From Stockport it extends to Leeds, from
Leeds it goes back. to Manchester. from Manchester it
c nnes to London, and must now be felt, we have no
doubt, by those tradesmen in the metropolis who were
wont to supply. Leeds and Manchester with luxuries.
Other specimens of decay we find in the facts that one
twister bootmaker, all whose expenses remai❑ the same,
except the number of workmen he employs, was doing
basiuess in 1839 to the amount of 791. per week; in 1840,
75/. per week ; in 1241, 47/. per week • and, in 1842, 40/.
showing a gradual falling off of nearly one-half in four
years. This an index to the general state of the town,
and it was positively stated that the most industrious
and most frugal tradesmen found it difficult to keep their
' establishments! on fOot. Amongst' the second class of
shopkeepers, residing in the outskirts of the town and
the out-township, it is stated that not less than four
hundred failures had taken place during the last five
years, and not one had retired from business with a
competency. Of course with increasing distress, sick-
ness has•increased, and the "Benevolent, or Strangers'
Friend, Society," which affords relief to sickness
alone, had in .January, May, and June, relieved
in 1837, 403, and in 1842, 606 ; thus showing a very
considerable increase in the number of cases relieved this
year. Independently of the great increase in the number of
actual paupers, no longer consisting of the aged and.the
sickly, but partly of able-bodied men, unable to get
work, the money expended in the casual relief has in-
crea.t.ed from,99/. in the week ending June 25, 1841, to
2351. in the corresponding week of 1842. We cannot
be surprised 'that the people of Leeds, whose resources
are-so rapidly diminishing, and whose outgoings for the
poor, and for the State, are so rapidly increasing, should'
feel alarmed, and should anxiously cry to the Parlia-
ment, which inflicts these monstrous evils on them, .for
help and relief.

The length and the importance of the debate on
Mr. WALLACE'S motion, which occupied the House of
Commons almost the whole evening, precludes us from
now making any remarks on it. We must content
ourselves with saying that it deserves the attention
of the country. Sir ROBERT PEEL'S old' Tory threat
of maintaining peace by the sword; will now, we
apprehend, be found as impotent as to make it is
unwise. When the community is in danger from legis-
lative fraud, courtly words of flattery will not save it.

Mr. GALLY KNIGHT brought the subject of the tyran-
nical candy-et of the Emperor of RUSSIA towards Poland
before the House of Commons cn Thursday by moving for
c Ties of certain ukases issued by the EMPEROR in Sep-
tember, 1841, for administering the affairs of that
deepipwronged nation. The Hon. Gentleman grounded
our right to- interfere for the protection of the Poles,
upon the Treaty of Vienna, which had been grossly
violated by the reigning Sovereign of Russia. The mo-
tion was seconded by Sir FRANCIS BURDETT, and sup-
ported by Mr. IIuME, Mr. MILNEs, Mr. P. M. STEWART,
Lord SANDON, Mr. SHIEL, Mr. J. S. WORTLEY, and
Mr. P. Ilowsnp, who all deplored the merciless policy
adopted by the EMPEROR towards his Polish subjects.
But by far the most important speech delivered on this
occasion was made by Sir ROBERT PEEL, who at once
agreed to the motion. He, too, protested against the
conduct a Russia towards Poland, which he stigma-
tized as being as foolish as it was wicked. Ile stated
that at present there was the most cordial friendship
between Russia and England, and that its continuance
was for the interest of both, as well as necessary to the
peace of the world. She had withdrawn her agents
from the north-west frontier of India, and was acting in
concert with. England in Persia. Nevertheless, he felt
bound, as the head of the British Government, to de-
nounce as unwise, illiberal, and unjust, the policy of
Russia towards Poland. The Government of this country
felt deep sympathy for the gallant and enlightened peo-
ple of Poland; and he trusted that the EMPEROR, upon
finding that this sympathy was participated in by the
people of England, France, Spain, and even Prussia,
would consult his own glory atitk Vle true interests of
Russia by ameliorating their. condition. These senti-
ments were loudly cheered by the House, and n ill afford
great satisfaction to the country. That they will mate-
rially influence the future proceedings of the Russian
Government 'we have not the smallest doubt. Were the
people and the Press of Franc:, instead of foolishly
quarrelling with us, to co-operate with England in
firmly, steadily, but peaceably insisting upon the revo-
cation of the ukases for abolishing the language and the
mligion of Poland, as by the treaty of Vienna they' are
bound to do, there is not the least doubt but. that
the EMPEROR would revoke them. The time is
past for attempting tto save Poland by
.an_ ap-
peal to. arms. She - must henceforth work her
own redemption. 'All the support which we can
now give her, people is sympathy for their suffer-
ings. Of her ultimate resuscitation *e entertain the
most confident hope. The history of the world presents
no instance of the peaceful extinction of a nation so free,
so powerful, and so enlightened as Poland. She may
disappear for a time front the map of Europe, but only
to re-appear more powerful than ever.

We have received several letters from highly re-
spectuble correspondents relative to the wicked
and unfortunate youth FRANCIS, now under sentence of
death for attempting the life of her MAJESTY. The
crowded state of our columns prevents us from giving
them insertion, which we the more regret as they all, with-
out a single exception, cry out against the execution of the
wretched criminal. We implore the Government to re-
flect well upon the consequences which may follow the
taking the life of this poor wretch. We have received
some scores of letters relative to his crime, many of them
from medical and military gentlemen, all agreeing in the
opinion first expressed by us, that the pistol contained
no other substance than a little powder. Now, should '
this conviction hereafter take place in the humane and
Christian mind of her MAJESTY, with what horror would
she not regard the persons who advised his execution ?
They consult not the peace of her MAJESTY'S conscience
hereafter, who now advocate the execution of this mise-
rable offender. Spare his life, but send him out of the
country, to repent his guilt, for the remainder of
his existence. Let this be done without noise
or parade, and let him never more be heard
of, and we will answer that his example will do
more to deter others from imitating his crime than if he
were hung in chains above the dome of St. Paul's
Cathedral—a spectacle of horror for all London.

We .have received the whole of the French Jour-
nal. The Right-of-Search question is again re-
vived, and nothing is talked of by the Oppo-
sition Journals but the insolence of England,
and the scandalous conduct of her officers and
men on the African station. They aro now for
abolishing the right of search altogether—or, in other
words, reestablishing the slave trade in all i.s unmi-
tigated horrors.

The King of the Netherlands has just presented Admiral
Dupctit-Thouars with the Order of the Lion, as a mark of his
satisfaction at the Admiral's work, entitled " Voyage Autour
du Monde," of which a copy had been presented to him by the
author.
A Conservatory of Music is to be founded at Berlin under
the direction of 11. Felix Mendelssohn. The King, it is said,
has signified his intention of granting 15,000 crowns a r to
this establishment.
The annual extraordinary meeting of the Societe Geo?°P igne
de France will be held this year at Aix, in the Bouches-du-
Rhone, a region which presents vast and curious resources for
its scientific researches: It will commence on the 4th, and
terminate on the 15th September.
The Moniteur publishes the official returns of
eeaae
rrni. edia hhtmiopohaerverbeser
into France for the first five months of the present
y
colonialisagc producereralincr.w ele,,hepairrnp
particularly in icnotetoonffeefr,oernoeA%
exceeded by 29,000 tons the amount of the corresponding period
of the last year, and there has been nearly the same augment,.
tioa .in the imports of wool. The imports of silk have on
the er,ntrary fallen off. The most remarkable increase is in
iron and coals, as will appear from the following comparative
aceaunt of the imports for the first five months of the last
five years, viz., iron, 11338, 6,951 tons; lea, 7,521 tons; 1840,

5.286 tons ;1841, 10,108 tons ; 1842, 13,489 tons. Coals, 1838,
477,528 tons ; 18.39, 492,863 tons ; 1840, 498,118 tons ; 1841,
600,732 tons ; 1842, 651,630 tons. There has been a corre-
sponding rise in the imports of lead, tin, indigo, and other
articles necessary in manufactures. Notwithstanding the in-
crease in the amount of the imports of colonial sugar, the con-
sumption of beet-root sugar has also increased. On the -Ist
instant the quantity made amounted to 30 millions of kilo-
grammes, of which 27 millions had been consumed, which is
nearly 30 per cent. more than in the corresponding period of
the last year.
BOURSE—PARIS, WEDNESDAY, JUNE 29.
First Highest Lowest Last
Price Price. Prier. Price.
French S per 116 70 ... 118 75 ... 118 65 ... 118 66
4 per Cents. ...... 101 ... 101 60 ... 101 60 ... 101 60
3 per Cants...
B or eraser
Bank 5,0001. SWiros 5042 50 ...5042 10 . 5042 50 ...5042 50
,e,a,an (sank
Belgian 5 per Cents. ..«
1810 1(4 ... 104 ... 1.4 ... 104
Dutch 2) per Cents. ..... 5'3% .. 53% 53% 53%
5,111611 et c4.lVe 23% 23%, ... 234 ... 234,
.......... ... 4% 4% 4%
Portuguese 3 per Cents. EI% 31)., ... 31% ... 31*
105 SO 1 5 60 itis 70 •n 5 70
h nan lt 3% ... WA% ... 103% ... 103%
trAILW A t .sHARk.b.
V.,410.11e5, It P.
LB 67 50 .. 88 75 .. ... 115
517 50 ... 517 50 ... 516 25 ... 516 25
41cans
StEtsburg to 8a1e...
BELGIAN hUNDS—Batir.sms, JUNE 29
Acti(al Dem,: * per Cent. •53
tinthschild.:(Lean, 5 per Cent 1132
Loan ni Thirty %Miens, 4 per Cent 93
3 per Cent...«

--Thirty.s9ven . ---.. ll%
-.----.---------0 .41)) /03
Lam of City, I .32, 4 per Cent 1.:4,X
Society .4 Comm ,rce, 4 liper Cent Hi
dank of liclaturn, 5 per Cent 76X
Ni Atria I S vciety —
Esenange on 1-ondml., (snot t) ..- —
Brussels Paters, June 29.
A °STRIA N kV NDS:—ViEN:ss, Just,. 21.
nvener Cuats. Nletalliques
Foist per Cents.
Three p.r Cents.
ilaolr Ahproa
JUMBO RGII BORSEN HALLE, Jursu S.
Bills. nmiey.
Austrian 5 per Cents.
Bank Shares

A nglo-Rus,ian Loan lo9' 109)4
Russian 5 oer Cent., Ist series, Certificate , MS% it 3
Inscription, Ist series
Russian 3 per Cent. Hope and Co., 3d and 4th
Series
Ditto in Certificates
New 4 per t ent. (11:440) SJ EM4
Dutch Actual Debt..;f, per Cent. .... 3I % S, ji,
Ditto 5 per Cent. -
Polish Bonds.
New Tickets

Anglo-DawAh Loin, 3 per Cent.
Spanish, New 1, p .r Cents. lB --

EXCHANGES ON LONIJOS.
HAMBURGII, JUNE '23.-13 Two months 13 66.
VETERSBURG' JUNE It'.—Three months, 38 pence.
STocEttowor, JUNE 2i.— Seventy-five days, 14 .2.
trkt,..r.s. JUNE 25. Three months, 6, 24

REPRESENTATION OF THE COUNTY OF BUCKS.—
W. E. Fitzmaurice, Esq., has started as a candidate,
open Conservative principles, for the representation of
this county, vacant by the decease of Sir W. L. Young,
Bart.

THE CONNECTING LINK OF MEN.—A sagacious writer
in the Times said yesterday, that "it is a mischievous
doctrine that the exact sciences form a connecting link
between men of all nations and ages." The exact
science is only another phrase for our knowledge of the
external world. Astronomy, for example, is one of the
exact sciences ; Geography is another. Now if there
be any link which connects men of all nations and age=,
it is surely the common knowledge of the planet we
inhabit in common, and still more the knowledge of the
sun, the moon, and the starry orbs, which all the gene-
rations of men have beheld, in all time and in all
place. The externalworld is the connecting link between
all human beings, and the exact sciences, which treat
a part of that, external world, have as good a right to
come in fur a share of the honour, if it be an honour, as
any peculiar doctrine which has been known only for a
short period, and of which the knowledge is confined to
a limited space. We were not before aware that the
satire of the Times against the British constitution was
written with the gall of bigotry.

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