The Sun.
London, England, 1842-08-12 00:00:00

Zte °tun.

LONDON:
FRIDAY MORNING, AUGUST 12, 1842.

I,,\lTe shall take advantage of the interest now excited
44,..the conduct of the workmen in the manufacturing
Viets to lay before our readers a few extracts
as.l4 Dr. COOKE TAYLOR'S " Notes of a Tour" in
°se districts, recently published, which may just
be peculiarly attractive. We scarcely need
th°te any illustrations of the deep misery into which
lac Workpeople are plunged,• as many such have of
been published; yet, to strengthen them, and to show
Nee,
wh at the people have been (Liven, let us add this
114; In all I visited at Colne 83 dwellings, selected at
O'rd. They were destitute of furniture, save with
th's for tables and stools, and even large stones' for
Otrs.
The beds were composed of straw and shavings,
etimes with torn pieces of carpet or packing canvas
Covering, and sometimes without any kind of co-
lit;111g whatever. The food was oatmeal and water for
10;4_,wfast, flour and water, with a little skimmed milk,
thoqihner, oatmeal and waterfor a third supply with
mess who went through the form of eating three
16'3 a day. , I was informed in fifteen families
4'4 their children went without the blue mil,'
t)11 milk from which the cream had been taken,
alternate days. I was an eye-witness to children
teasing the cravings of the stomach by the refuse of
kn .nd vegetables in the root market. 1 saw a woman
h.t".e very last stage of extenuation suckling an infant,
frolen could scarcely draw a single drop of nutriment
qn her exhausted breast. I inquired the child's age ?
k Nen months. Why it was not weaned ?—Another
Outli, would he added to the number of those
:/vbom the present supply of oatmeal was insufficient.
14484 told that there had been several instances of death
sot heer starvation. On asking why application had
th,t
h°een made to the parish ibr relief; I was informed
they were persons from the agricultural districts,
k „ on committing an act of vagrancy, would be sent
tili`"ir parishes, and that they had rather endure any
tet4g, in the hope of some manufacturing revival; than
th„l4r4 to the condition of farm labourers, from which
Y had emerged."
t "le have seen several other proofs of the fact last
40,4ted, and we doubt not its correctness. A few
114"oarers in a district having no right to relief, or
:ing from some cause an invincible repugnance to
eive it, and gat the same time willing and
te,-:(icilas to work, will suffice, by their importunities
ti; work when employment is scarce, to beat down
ke Wages of labour. So the influx of Irish into
gland has tended to degrade our population to the
117 h standard of comfort, and so the immigration of
tllrers from the agricultural districts has con-
itt'ihilted to beat down wages there, though things
14e much dearer, to the few shillings per week which
44the reward of farm labourers in the southern
~
tt,:! Western counties of England. Such a circum-
ht j.ee, now in operation for four years, explains the
Cible state of destitution to which that population
bea: been reduced, and the patience with which they
ve submitted to the reducing process. They have
-dt,"l Consenting, if not willing, parties to their own
bIOW comes, however, what appears to be an almost
a'nerttl attempt to diminish wages still further. It
lie'. been made, almost simultaneously, in the col-
tilies of Scotland and of Staffordshire, and in the
'eries of Lancashire. At present, the work people
iiate as well informed as we are of whatever happens
cresting to them.
tbr °litical intelligence," says Dr. C. Taylor, " seems
The e Propagated, in this district, with great rapidity.
Ausqielail, bringing the account of Mr. Ferrand's pro-
-130. grant, had arrived that morning. I had not seen
b 1 a but received a very fu.l account of the debate,
rieith "se at the outskirts of the town, which contained
in bed, chair, nor table ; and I heard it mentioned
litere of other places."
e workmen, therefore, are well aware of the
eorir. al reduction of
wages, and are at the Name time
tioriv'need that a further reduction would be starva-
the, They are well aware, too, that in such a case
Th.' elan expect nothing from the Government.
the 7 ."°IA7 that Government will not interfere, and
be, h see no alternative, sad and erroneous though it
Wor-kut to try and help themselves by refusing to
ben_ 4'l.Y more. They are generally aware, too, we
've, that they are very much dependent on one
anoth„
weasin and must stand by each other. A\ e quote a
g anecdote, from Dr. TAILOR, for the sake of

the truth which is deduced from it. Speaking of

Marsden, he says :

"I must add a noble trait. I wont into the holism of a
widow, who had three children ; she was one of the
most intelligent, naturallypolite, persons I ever saw. She
told me that the earnings of herself and two of her chil-
dren amounted, together, to about eleven shillings per
week ; and, that though they had once been better off,
they felt themselves comparatively happy when they
contrasted their condition with that of their neighbours.
I remained with her for some time, and, on parting, of-
fered her a shilling for the trouble I had given. No,
Sir,' she replied, I cannot take your money while
there are many so much worse off around me. Al-
low me to send it to a family suffering from
sickness as well as want,' and forthwith she sent
her daughter, with the shilling to the house whose mi-
sery she had bi-;en describing. Throughout the entire
of the district, I found the most distressed dwell inva-
riably on the assistance which they received from their
neighbours. 'We must have perished, but for the cha-
rity of our neighbours,' was a phrase which met us
everywhere, and invariably I found on inquiry that their
neighbours were very little better off than themselves."
All the working classes, then, have a community of
interest and of feeling, and though their manners
be rude, they are sensible of it. In. Ashton and
Manchester they knew what has been done in
Staffordshire and Scotland; they see, when a similar
rule is applied to themselves, the proof of a gene-
ral design to crush 'them, and, already reduced to
the last extremity of want, they stand out to
resist it. If the feeling amongst them was not
general, it would have been impossible for a few
to have turned out the hands of almost every mill
in Manchester. A few Chartists, Socialists, and
others, have heretofore endeavoured to rouse them
without effect ; nay, with so little effect that we
have heard mill-owners well acquainted with the ma-
nufacturing districts, assert that, were the masters
not to interfere, the orderly, well-disposed workmen
would of themselves instantly put down every at-
tempt to provoke disorder. Now, however, a further
general reduction of wages is apprehended, and the
bulk of the workmen offer no resistance to the
turn-outs.

We cannot attribute the reduction of wages, on
which undoubtedly the turn-out has begun, to any
other cause than sheer necessity.
"It is pretty well known," says the Manchester
Guardian,_ "to most parties at all conversant with tbe
trade of this district, that the manufacturers by power,
and especially those who were engaged in the fabrica-
tion of printed cloths, have been for some time past
carrying on an exceedingly unprofitable business. In
fact they have generally sustained serious losses ; and
many of the looms have been entirely stopped."
" When capital," says Dr. C. Taylor, "is involved,
and the cotton manufacture demands a vast amount of
investment, it must be worked or must be destroyed." " The
wealth invested in a factory is utterly inapplicable to any
other purpose ; it must be worked for the special manu-
facture for which it was originally devoted or be wholly
lost. The machinery of a cotton mill cannot be applied
to grinding corn, cutting nails, or sawing timber ; it
will spin yarn, and it will do nothing else. The manu-
facturers must continue to produce, or cease to exist ;
they will go on to the very last, hoping against hope,
forcing a sale here, and making a sacrifice there, till
their capitals are exhausted."
Thus the factory owner is clearly and palpably de-
pendent on his workmen, and he will rarely or never
run the risk of stopping his mill by any reduction of
wages which is not forced on him. We look, there-
fore, on the proposed reduction as the consequence of
a necessity; business has lately been unprofitable, the
Income-tax will make it still worse, and, therefore,
the masters try to save themselves by reducing wages.
That the reduction of wages is not the result of the
machinations of the Anti-Corn-law League, as has
been wantonly asserted, is clear, for it was begun by
the coal-owners, over whom the League has no influ-
ence, and was first carried into effect by those who are
closely connected with the landed interest. The sup-
position in truth is absurd, as well as wanton, for the
mill-owners of the League would lose 10/, by a
quarrel with their workmen for every 1/. they could
gain by the total abolition of the Corn-laws.

Our intelligence from Manchester is of a gloomy
description. In another place we insert the accounts
which we find in a second edition of the Manches-
ter Guardian Our private letters inform us that—
" The turmoil seems spreading in all directions, and
through all trades ; to-morrow, I should think, says
one correspondent, there will not be a single factory or
workshop open. Spinners, printers, dyers, machine-
makers—in fact, from all I can learn, there will not be
an engine running in the whole town to-morrow.
The report is, that a large party has gone to
Bury, and the adjoining towns, to compel the men to
follow the example of Manchester. Stirling, and Beck-
to❑ and Birley's are the only two places working, and
each of these has a strong guard of police and soldiers
to protect the men. This appears a different turn-out
from all that have taken place before. On all former
occasions turn-outs have been of some particular trade,
but on this occasion the turn-out includes all trades and
the whole district."

Another correspondent says—
" There is no doubt a considerable disposition on the
part of a great number of the people to get food if they
can, but I doubt if anything of a really serious character
has been intended. I have just left Oxford-road, where
I should think there are at least 20,000 people assem-
bled, without any visible object except that of getting out
th,e hands. Special constables are being sworn in,-but we
ow.i it to the moderation of the people themselves that no
serious breach of the peace has ensued, for certainly there
is no adequate force to protect property for one hour."
" Where this will end," says another Correspondent,
"it is impossible to conjecture. As I came to town a little
before twelve, the Mayor of Stockport was hurrying
into it. lie said the turn-outs were in the vicinity, and
were expected in Stockport every moment when he left.
He was coming to solicit the authorities for troops. He
said they had none at Stockport, and the special con-
stables who had been sworn in, had refused to act."
The whole of that crowded hive is, therefore, in
commotion. Other hives will feel and share the im-
pub e. Such is the condition in which the Par-
liament is about to leave the country after
six months' wearisome toil. Such is the

condition of England after ten quiet months of the
paternal rule of the Tories. This is not a time, how-
ever, to bandy accusations, and we regret to see some
of the Tory journals, while their own columns bear
witness to this; turn-out being caused by an attempt
to lower wages, and while the leaders in it abuse the
Corn-law repealing masters, ascribe the disturbance,
which is ruinous to them, to their manoeuvres.
In the Rev. Wm. COOKE TAYLOR'S notes of a tour in
the manufacturing districts, he states that nothing
but the hope still inspired by the Anti-Corn-
law League kept the peace ; and now that this hope
is at an end, and the masters have begun to lower
wages, a large turn.-out ensues. The riot is not.caused
by the League, but by those politicians who have
obstinately denied justice to the people.

Lord PALMERSTON on Wednesday in a brilliant
speech, which every person will read, made a series of
somewhat bitter comments on the conduct of the Tories,
and Sir ROBERT PEEL, with many sly and sareasti
hits retorted on the Whigs. He declared that the
absence of Lord JOHN RUSSELL and other ex-
Ministers, implied confidence in his Government.
Lord PALMERSTON however is vehemently opposed to
him, as if the Noble Lord to different views from
his friends, and was much more the rival than the
follower of Sir ROBERT. The mutual attacks of
the Ins and the Outs cannot be otherwise than very
advantageous to the public.
The debate was sparkling, and the session expires,
dolphin-like, displaying many beauties, not the least
remarkable of which were the choice allusions made by
Lord PALMERST'ON and Sir R. PEEL to each other's
frequent changes of opinion. This was an awkward
subject, and required delicate handling, and accord-
ingly the Whig Lord and the Tory Baronet agreed—
instead of abu3ing—to exchange mutual compliments
on the subject, just as those two Homeric warriors,
GLAuc us and DIOMED, exchanged gifts, in the course
of their set-to. His Lordship was perfectly satisfied
that Sir ROBERT PEEL'S political changes
were prompted by nought but the purest and
most conscientious motives:; and the Baronet, in reply,
entertained the strongest possible conviction that his
opponent's inconsistencies sprang from causes equally
spotless and disinterested. Having discussed this
difficult branch of their subject, upon the safe and
discreet principle thLt the pot should never call the
kettle black, the rival chiefs renewed their onslaught
with infinite vigour and acrimony. Lord PALMERSTON
accused Sir ROBERT PEEL of excessive modesty ; and
Sir ROBERT retaliated on his Lordship with a charge
of excessive impudence! Of his Lordship's impu-
dence we say nothing ; he may, or may not, possess
the intrepid assurance common to most diplomatists;
the accusation, whether true or false, is not
of the slightest moment ; but we do feel bound
in jultice to come forward, and rescue our
"lovely Premier"—as SYDNEY SMITH calls him
—from the charge of being embarrassed with
modesty. The charge is as false, as it is black. Of all
existing statesmen, Sir ROBERT PEEL is the one least
likely to labour under the disease of bashfulness. To

be sure, he may have caught it of the Irish Members,
xvh:li are peerliarly cmceptible of this malady ; but we
io not think it at all probable ; and can only account,
therefore, for Lord PALMERSTON'S accusation, on the
supposition that it was-nieant ironically. These direct
sparring-matches between the Ins and the Outs are,
we repeat, exceedingly advantageous to the public,
whom they will greatly help to enlighten respecting
the true character of the,w,t7o parties..

We are indebted to etur respectable continental
Contemporary, Galignard* Messenger, for the fol-
lowing interesting letter i'rom China. It is from the
pen of a French Officer on board the French corvette,
the Danaide. The date Macao, April, 1842" :--'

" The result of this campaign has been that the Eng-.
lish are at present in possession of five important
points, Hong-kong, Amoyt Chusan, Ching-hae, and
Ningpo ; that the commerce of forty millions of inhabi-
tants of the four maritime provinces of the Celestial Em-
pire are in their hands ; and that these conquests have
been made with 4,000 men, and 16 men of war, of which
the fitting out has cost considerable sums. The loss of sol-
diers has been about a sixth, and this loss proceeds from
illness, privations, the climate, &c. The arms of the Chi-
nese have destroyed but few. By their occupation of Hong-
kong and Bocca Tigris, the English command the
province of Kouang-tuung ; by holding Amoy, they are
masters of Foukian ; and the occupation of Chusan,
Ching-hae, and Ningpo enables them to intercept the
commerce of Chekian and Kiansou. When the popu-
lation of those provinces is considered, as well as the
little resistance that they have made to the English, the
question arises—is the war at an end ? The greater part
of the English officers are of opinion that it is not, but
all unprejudiced persons - must see that England cannot
continue it, for the expenses are incalculable, and the
profit as yet has been nothing whatever. The sums taken
from the Chinese, although considerable, are very
far . from indemnifying the East India Company
for their outlay ; they are, in fact, already absorb-
ed. The silk trade of China is what the English will
prefer to all the other branches of trade. The Ameri-
cans, also, will transport Chinese silks to their markets,
and it is to be feared that French silks will suffer con-
siderably in the American markets. There will be, it is
stated, a difference of 40 or 50 per cent. in favour of
Chinese silks. It would be important- if French com-
merce would pay some attention to that of China.
Numerous commercial connexions are about to be esta-
blished between China, Europe, and America, and several
cargoes have already been sent to the United States. The
climate-of Ningpo, Ching-hae, and Chusan, is cold and
moist, and woollen goods are quite unknown there. To de-
fend themselves against the temperature the Chinese
wear silk stuffs well wadded. There can be no doubt
that if they could have woollen goods they would adopt
them, and therefore it is supposed that if the French
traders, who go as far as Canton and Macao, were to ad-
vance to the latitude of Ningpo, they would have an
excellent chance of disposing of their cloths. The
Danaide is the first vessel of war which has appeared in
the north of China. This vessel, which has been for four
years in those latitudes, has shown the French flag to
many nations unknown to Europeans, and has opened
an easy road for French commerce in the north of the
Celestial Empire. French shipowners ought not to let the
opportunity thus offered escape. The Danaide is on
her way home, and her crew has only one regret in
quitting China—that of seeing so few vessels in com-
parison with those of the United States and other
European nations. The French officers have gone
through all the Chinese towns without ever having
suffered the slightest insult from the Chinese ; the
natives made a wide difference between the French
and English, and the former were in all cases the
object of much attention and kindly feeling. They could
have brought away very considerable presents offered in
the way of friendship, did they not fear to excite the
jealousy of the English, and give them reason to think
that they desired to profit by the late occurrences, and
establish a connexion with the Chinese prejudicial to
English interests. The best intelligence has always
subsisted between our sailors and the English, and whe-
ther on shore or on board the officers of the two nations
were on the most amicable terms."
rata.—
We have received the French journals.

The debate in the French Chamber, up to the hour
of post, is of great interest. There was, first, the
nomination of the Committee of Address in reply to
the KING'S Speech ; secondly, the presentation of
the Regency Bill; and thirdly, the carrying of M.
ODILLON BARROT'S motion for' a Parliamentary in-
quiry into the elections. This iast affair was regarded
as a serious defeat of the Ministry.
The Committee of Address consists of the following
members :—MM. BERVILLE, LAVALETTE, AMILHAN,
Viscount DEJEAN, JACQUES LEFEBVRE, DUMONT
(Lot et Garonne), DENIS, DE LAMARTINE, and BIG-
EON. MM. BEEVILLE and LAVALETTE are of the
TRIERS Opposition (Left Centre) and the others are
Conservatives.

The Moniteur of this morning announces in its official
part the receipt of letters of condolence from the Rings
of Sardinia, Naples, Saxony, Hanover, and Denmark,
and the Duke of Lucca, on the death of the Duke of
Orleans.

Yestc:rday at noon the King came to the Tuileries,
and soon atter held a Council of Ministers. After the
Cornell his Majesty gave private audiences to Marshal
Sebastiani, the Count de Montalivet, and Count Mole.
The Duke de Nemours also came to Paris, and held con-
ferences at the Padillon Marsan with several Generals
and superior officers appointed to commands at the camps
of St. Omer and Chalons. At four o'clock his Majesty
and the Duke de Nemours returned to Neuilly.
The Monifeur publishes the Quarterly Report of the
Commissioners of the Sinking Fund, from which it ap-
pears that during the months of April, May, and June,
they have purchased 232,333 f. Three per Cent. Rentes,
which cost 6,270,250 E 40c., the average pike being
80E 90c. per cent.
A letter from Munich, of the 2d instant, states that,
new post-office regulations were agreed upon, and settled
between Austria and Bavaria, by a treaty signed on the
27th ult., from which great advantages to both countries
are anticipated. It only wants the ratifications of the
two Courts to be carried into execution.
A uniform rate of postage, equal to twopence English
per letter, has been established throughout the Austrian
dominions, and came into operation on the Ist inst.
We have news from Constantinople of the 20th of
July, by way of Vienna. The two private Secretaries
of the Sultan, Izzet Bey and Tewlik Bey, wc re deprived
of their offices on the 19th, and have lost the titles and
privileges attached to them.
The Madrid Journals of the 2d instant state that
thanks to the good understanding between the Spanish
mid Portuguese civil and military authorities on the fron-
tier, the band of the Chief Sermental, which infested
the country on the frontiers of Estremadura, has been
overtaken. Sermental and his companion Mata were
killed. _ _

The two Governments had set many troops in motion
for this operation.
The Iberia sa:,.s---" The Minister of War is busily en-
gaged in the levy of 25,000 men voted by the Chambers.
The class of 1836, consisting of the same number of
25,000 men, will be sent to their homes as soon as the
recruits arrive, unless some extraordinary circumstance
should reader it necessary for those veterans to !remain
with their regiments.
The Minister of Marine is taking measures to equip
for service the Sovereign of the line, and the Pearl and
Bilbao frigates. He intends also to re-establish the
yards for ship-building at Cadiz.
" A frigate, commanded by Captain Daral, is going,
from Cadiz to Monte Video, for the purpose of pro-
tecting Spanish commerce in that country.
" The Infant Don Enrique, second son of Don Francisco
de Paula, who has lately been appointed midshipman,
will act as such on board the vessel."—Le Com-
merce, 9th August.
BOURSE—PARIS, TUESDAY, AUG. 9.

First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French 5 per Cents 118 65... 118 75... 118 60... 118 70
3 per Cents 78 25... 78 30... 78 20... 78 25
Bank of France 3230 ...3240 ...3230 .. 3240
Laffitte Bank I,ooof 1025 ..1025 ...1025 ...1025
Belgian Lank.
Belgian Fives lO2l ... 1021 ... 1021 ... 1021
1840 102; ... 102; ... 1023 ... 102;
Dutch 2i per Caws 521 ... 521 ... 521 ... 5211 i
Spanish Active °2 ... 22 ... 211 ... 22 f 1
Passive
Neapolitan..
Roman
RAILWAY SHARES

St. Germain 837 50... 840 —. 837 50. 840
Versailles, R.B ......
L.B 9O —. 90 . 90 —. 90
Rouen
Orleans. 553 75... 553 75... 553 75... 553 75
Strasburg to Bale ....•• 203 75... 203 75... 203 7... 203 75
BELGIAN P U NDS—BaussuLs, AUc. 9.5
Actiml Debt, 2 per Cent.
itothschild's Lt an, 5 per Cent lOl
Loam cf Thirty Millions, 4 per-Cent. 90%
---- 3 per Cent
---------
--Thirty.rieven-------... 70%
--- ---(1840) lOl%
86
sLooc2ine
toy!
ot City,c ornl :Inlric4 per Cent 93%
e ,4 %per Cent
73
Rank of Belgium, 5 per Cent
National Satiety—
Exchaove on Londan (short) ....
—th-ussels Papers, Aug. 9.
five per Cents. Itietalliques
AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—Visnns, AUG. I.
.. lON
Foni per CCTI'11.
three pwr Cents.
Bank shares ... .................. ...--......
DUTCri FUN u2.—AMSTERDAM, AUG. 7.
Money. Bills.
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent
Jaw, ditto 5 per cent
Alma] t Syndic,4% per cent 94 04%
Ditto, ditto, 3% per cent 78% ;71,4
Commercial Company, .1.! per cent 1431; 1444
Ditto (1835 and 1837) 5 per cent.
Luau 1837, 5 I,er cont.
Exchange on London, One month l2 15
Two months
Hamburgh, One month 35 75
Twornonths . .....
13utch Papers, Aug. 7.

At the Privy Council held yesterday at Bucking-
ham Palace, the Royal Speech, on closing the Session
of Parliament to-day, was submitted to tier Majesty
for her approbation. The Queen and Prince Albert,
and the Prince and Princess of Saxe Coburg and the
Royal Suite, travelled from Windsor by the Great
'Western Railway, but her Royal Highness the Duchess
of Kent remains at Frogmore Lodge, near Windsor.

Sir John Pine and the Lady Mayoress have left
town for Scotland, during which period the Mansion-
house will undergo various repairs.
Mr. Samuel Barrett, the Keeper of Whitecross-
street prison, died of cholera a few days ago.