The Sun.
London, England, 1842-11-03 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY k MOANING. NOVEMBER 3, 1842.

fore, implies an impossibility, there is no alter-
native but to admit the principle of competition
and allow it to rule unchect ed, unrestrained,
undiverted, over every part of buying, selling,
letting, and hiring.

The following observations, which we borrow
from the New York Herald, show how the new
American tariff may be expected to operate
there. They show also what a powerful auxi-
liary we should find in that commercial metro-
polis of the western world, in repealing that tariff,
would we only open our corn trade. They show
further, that there are other causes of alienation
besides the tariff between the north-eastern
States, and the southern maritime States, which
would help our interest, and help the interest of
the Americans also, were our legislators only to be
just to our own people : _

The city of New York has grown to be the metro-
polis of America. It is the largest city in the New
World. The cause of its prosperity, and the means
by which it has attained its ascendency, have been its
foreign trade. It has been the point of communica-
tion with Europe from which a large proportion
of domestic goods have been sent abroad, and
to which sixty per cent. of the imports of foreign
goods have arrived. Its increase, in proportion to
other parts of the Union, may be estimated by the
fact, that the proportions of the whole imports ar-
rived here in 1823 was 35 per cent., and gradually in-
creased to 60 per cent. Under the descending grade
of the Compromise Act its prosperity rapidly increased.
In the same time Boston and New England have
grown surprisingly in manufacturing strength. Their
goods, for the most part, however, came to New York,
Philadelphia, and Baltimore, for distribution through-
out the Union. According to the census returns—
sll4,ooo,ooo of goods were manufactured in the New
England States : of this, $75,000,000 may be esti-
mated to have been sold through the cities men-
tioned, and of that 340,000,000 came yearly to New
York for distribution, mostly by way of the canal,
west. The foreign goods imported into New York were
$60,000,000, making an aggregate of 3100,000,000
of trade, depending partly upon its geographical
position in relation to the western trade, and partly
upon tariff law, restricting the competition of the im-
ports with the, domestic goods. This being the posi-
tion of the city of New York, what have the New
England States done ? By building a railroad direct
from the heart of the factories to the mouth of the Erie
canal—the great avenue for the western trade—
they have opened a short, speedy, and cheap route for
that trade, which completely isolates New York in
regard to it. The whole trade of New England,
which formerly passed through this city to and from
the west, now leaves. New York and passes, under
the direct influence of the vast capital of Boston, over
the railroad, commanding all the markets west of
Albany. The operations of the railroad may be
judged by the following receipts for three days at
Boston :-5,045 brls. flour, 147 bales wool, 266 kegs
and tubs butter, 30 casks cheese, 17 brls. beer, 37
boxes Saratoga water.
That this is not a rare occurrence, the following
notice will testify :—" Consignees of flour by the
'Western Railroad are notified to remove the same
immediately, as there is not room enough in the depot
to unload the cars." _ .

The nett receipts of the road for three years in
September were as follows :-1840, $16,581 ; 1841,
$23,559 ; 1842, $60,442.
Last year the road was not open west of Spring-
field. If we allow that the increase of that portion of
the road was the same as that of the previous year,
viz., 50 per cent., it will give $26,000 as the re-
ceipts from the freight from Albany for September.
This is sufficient to show that the enterprise of the
Bostonians has taken the wind out of the sails of New
York in relation to the western trade.

Not satisfied with this, however, her leading men,
Abbott Lawrence and others, have, with untiring
perseverance, procured the passage of a tariff, which,
in the present state of trade, strikes a fatal blow at the
import trade of New York. After having, by legiti-
mate enterprise, deprived New York of the commis-
sion trade of Eastern manufactures, they have pro-
cured the interposition of the law to turn the foreign
trade from our ships and wharfs to British bottoms
and the St. Lawrence river. While these vast events,
big with the ruin of New York and the aggrandize-
ment of New England, have been going on, the
people of New York have been lulled to sleep by the
false representations of the press which they support.
Like the fabled vampire, which, by its waving Mr ings
lulls its victim in a fatal sleep, while it silently sucks
his heart's blood, a corrupt partisan press have been
singing the praises of a high tariff, while the com-
merce and trade of the city have been drawn to other
quarters. With cool decision the English merchants,
instead of checking their operation, only alter the
destination of their wares from the Hudson to the St.
Lawrence, and smile at the folly of our Government.
That teaches a valuable lesson. The people of
New York could tolerate the loss of the western
trade by the railroad, which is legitimate traffic,
but they cannot put up with the new tariff. The
one only changes the course of trade in the
Union; the other banishes it beyond the frontier.
New York has flourished much, notwithstand-
ing our Corn-law, but the American tariff
threatens it with ruin. Smuggling will become
rife along the whole Canadian frontier ; the
shipping of the United States; with all the towns
on their sea-board, will be injured ; and their own
laws, and not our laws, will inflict on them in-
jury and ruin. So it is with us. Their tariff
will inflict on us much less harm than our own
regulations. In fact, were we to abolish our
own unjust commercial restrictions, and the
United States were to retain their ,tariff, the
bulk of the trade between that country and
England would be carried on through Canada by
English shipping. W e should lose nothing by it.
So it is with other nations. The high duties on linen
yarn imported into France, do not injure our
trade so much as our own Corn-laws, and our
high duties on French wines and French brandy.
It is in our power to-morrow to extend our trade
with France by lowering or abolishing our own
duties. Ifit be for the advantage of the French to
receive our commodities—and that advantage
would be great in proportion as we took their
commodities—no laws, no armies, could keep
them out of France. If the French Govern-
ment continued its prohibition, it would not stop
the trade, it would only lose its revenue. It is,
we believe, universally true, that the trade and
prosperity of any one nation depend much more
on its own regulations than on the regulations of
other nations ; and, therefore, we conclude that
it is the great business of our Legislature to do
justice to our own people, and encourage foreign
Governments to do the same.

The Dublin Pilot has an article on the subject
of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S policy, from which it is
manifest that our Irish Contemporary is no ido-
latrous admirer of the Right Hon. Baronet or his
measures. " Never did man," says he, "so
heartily deserve the epithet of Deceiver-General
as. PEEL has done in the short period of his Pre-
miership. Contrasting his promises with his
pgeuriudor for which
apiruentee lichees wsietehmlei ids atcots—tlm
value
iptos w eerx, e
raeni
sde
—tine e w aanc
ttuonallyevilstahnedshaas dstononise in
astonished
at human endurance." This is a pretty good
sample of sincere and cordial vituperation.
Doubtless when Sir It. PEEL exempted Ireland
from the operation of that most iniquitous of im-
posts, the Income-tax, he imagined that he was
establishing a claim, if not on her gratitude' at
least on her'fbrbearance; but he now finds to his
cost, that he was mistaken in this, as in most o
his other expectations. Really he is much to be
pitied, notwithstanding his acquisition of that
high post which he has so long coveted. No one
seems to be satisfied with him—no one gives him
credit for any thing but an incorrigible
habit of temporising. If he brings forward a
liberal Tariff, forth steps the Edinburgh Review,
and indignantly asserts that he has stolen the
idea from the Whigs. He is allowed to call the
Income-tax his own—which it is not, by-the-bye
—but this only because it is generally abhorred,
and consequently no one is willing to acknow-
ledge the paternity. By endeavouring to stand
well with all classes, Sir ROBERT PEEL has met
with the usual tote of temporisers, and earned
the dislike and distrust of those whom he was
most anxious to propitiate.

From the friendly political relations between
this country and Prussia, the similarity of their
established religions, and the reform movement
commenced by the Prussian SOVEREIGN, the
proceedings in that kingdom now excite more
than ordinary interest among Englishman.
Prussia, from being a small insignificant State, has
in a brief period risen to great power and
authority with its neighbours, and already
exercises more influence over Germany than
Austria did when at the head of the Confedera-
tion. It is gratifying, therefore, to find that this
influence is exerted, not for the purposes of war
or aggrandisement, bat in advancing the arts of

peace' and improving the institutions of the
country. The meeting of the Provincial States,
which we announced some days ago, forms
not the least remarkable feature in the new sys-
tem, of government adopted by this wise and just
Sovereign. A imemorial, entitled in German
Denhschrift, and laid before the Assembly on
the first day of their meeting, has been pub-
lished in the State Gazette, and contains the
different Bills, to use a Parliamentary phrase,
which are submitted fbr consideration dur-
ing the present session, with a budget
resembling that annually submitted to the House
of Commons. It has this advantage, however,
over English budgets in general, that it an-
nounces a reduction of taxes, to the amount of
660,0001., without any substitute in the shape of
Income-tax, or any new tax whatever, and that
is to be applied to the benefit chiefly of the poor
by diminishing the import on salt. His MAJZSTY
then submits to the Assembly propositions for
different new railroads—two from the capital to
Stettin and Frankfort on the Oder, and four others
for connecting some of the principal townsin the
kingdom. Independent of these, which are to
be commenced forthwith, it is also pro-
posed to construct at some future period
lines of greater length, which will extend
towards the frontier, making altogether, inde-
pendent of those formed, about 1,000 miles
of railroad. These are to be undertaken
by the State, while at the same time
encouragement! will be held out to pub-
lic companies to embark Capital. His MA-
JESTY, towards the conclusion of the memorial,
submits to the consideration of the States the
three following points :—" 1.. Whether they re-
cognise the executiou of so comprehensive a sys-
tem of railroads as a national want? 2. Whether
they deem it necessary or expedient that the State
should endeavour to effect the realisation of such
a system, by guaranteeing a certain amount of
dividend on the capital invested? 3. Whether
they are of opinion that such a guarantee, sub.
ject to the contingency of an augmentation here-
after of the price of salt, would be consonant
to the general wishes of the country ?" The
Assembly took these subjects into consi-
deration, and after a lengthened discussion the
Government proposal was carried by a majority
of 87 to 11. At the second sitting a general wish
was manifested to vote an address of thanks to
the KING, but this was opposed by the Minister,
on the ground that the Assembly, by such a vote
would exceed their legitimate functions. The
session will close in about a fortnight.

The Math.zd Gazette of the 24th ult. has an
announcement from the Minister of the Interior
to the Commander-in-Chief at Ceuta, that the
Intendant at Malaga holds at his dispOsition the
sum of 12,000 duros to be divided amongst the
families who suffered most by the effects of the
late tremendous hurricane. The Minister gives
notice, moreover, that subscriptions for the same
purpose will be opened throughout Spain. The
Gazette tiirther states, that in addition to the
sum of 20,000 reals, subscribed by the QUEEN,
the REGENT has subscribed 4,000 reals, and his
Highness's Aide-de-camp 1,000:reals, for the same
purpose.
The Five per Cents were done on the Madrid
Bourse of the 24th ult. at 22 21f at 60 days; the
Four per Cents. at 19 at 60 days; the Fives at
261 cash, 27 26 15-16 at 60 days.

The Paris papers gi v e fresh proofs of the ignorance
of the French Deputies on almost every question
connected with trade and commerce, and of the
vast difficulties with which M. GUIZOT has to
contend in forming treaties of any description
with foreign nations.-' Petitions and remon-
strances pour in upon him from all quarters ex-
cept the unfortunate wine-producers of the
South, against any commercial union between
France and Belgium. Valenciennes, Rouen,
Sedan, Abbeville, and Elbceuf, have protested
against the proposed treaty. The latter place
gives. the following emphatic reason for rejecting
the alliance ;—" The German Customs' Union
has rejected the dangerous alliance of Belgium,
because its production is out of all proportion
with its population; and we are confident that
your Majesty's Government will show no less
prudence."
The manufacturers of Lyons, who have suffered
more from competition with foreigners than any
other class in!France, and have acquired by expe-
rience some knowledge of their own interests, as
well as the general good of the country, form a
noble exception in this general rage against even
an approach to free trade, and have informed
the Minister of Commerce that the present dis-
astrous state of the French silk manufacture is
owing to reprisals, Ordained by the Governments
of foreign markets, in revenge for French pro-
hibition. The South of France, in fact, is ar-
rayed against the North, but the latter will pre-
vail, as many Deputies, though having no par-
ticular interests to serve, will side with the
bigots, who seem absolutely frightened at the
very idea of foreign competition. This' is sad
news ibr the proprietors of vineyards; but it is
hoped that they Will bestir themselves, and take
active measures for inducing the Government to
bestow some protection on the staple produc-
tions of France.

The brief, and we must say rude, letter of Mar-
shal Souvr to General PAJOL, on announcing
that the KING had dispensed with his services as
Commander of the first military division, gives
rise to some strong comments both on the KING
and the Minister of War. The letter, with re-
marks on it by the National, will be found in
another part of the
paper. The same journal
contains the following just animadversions on the
barbarous and impolitic system of warfare car-
ried on in Algeria :

" The last report of General Bugeaud (which we
have already given) shows that the military authori-
ties persist more than ever in their system of razzias
(that is, of destruction, desolation, and plunder), and
of making ' points. The Governor and several other
Generals, each at the head of a column, have again
overrun the country, without affording to us any clue
to the object of their expeditions. In fact, it would
appear that, after numerous military marches and ex-
hibitions, after having captured sheep and burned
encampments, each re-enters his cantonments, leav-
ing matters precisely where they were, with this sole
difference—that of reviving the hatred of the Arabs
and of augmenting the number of our sick. What
end, we ask once more, can he served by these expe-
ditions, like the fever periodical, and which, in con-
cert with that -scourge, have carried off 70,000 men
in twelve years ?" The writer then proceeds to advise
a different system—c,
Generals and Princes.' "
one less productive of eclat to

The Journal de Rouen of the 30th ult. states
that the operatives
employed at the manufacto-
ries of Drucourt, near' Bernay, assembled on the
28th ult. in considerable numbers (some say 000,
others 2,000), and demanded of the Sub-Prefect
an increase of wages. Finally, it is stated that
their remonstrance became so violent that the
Prefect was obliged to order the gendarmerie to
charge the people,
in which operation several
were wounded.

The Presse says that the Congress of Stutgardt
has doubled the duty on jewellery, plate, bronze,
and hardwares, which will considerably affect
French trade.

According to the Helvetic, the import duty on
cotton, goods will be diminished 50 percent. from
January, 1843.

BOURSE—Elitist MONDAY, OCTOBER 31.
First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French Five per Cents. 118 40... 118 50.•• 118 40... 118 50
Four per Cents. DA 101 .. 101 ... 101
3 per Cents.... 79 95... 79 95... 79 90... 79 90
Bank of France ......... 3070 ...3270 ...3270 .. 3270
Latlitte Bank 1,000f...1052 50 ..105•2 50-1052 50...1052 50
Belgian Bank ............ 802 50... 802 50... 802 50... 802 50
Belgian Fives 1840.... 104 .. 104 ... 104 ... 104
Dutch 24 per Cents.. 531 53N ••• 53,1 ••• 53}
Spanish Active ~.. „
22i ••• 221 ••• ••• 223
Passive, ...... 3& ••• 3a.
•••
34
Neapolitan... ............ 108 45... 108 45... 108 45... 108 45
Roman - 1051 ... 1051 ... 105-1

••
RAILWAY • SHARES
St. Germain ......... 840 ... 840 ... 840 ... 840
Versailles, R.B ........ . 265 ... 265 ... 265 ....65
LB. ......... 96 25... 96 25... 96 25... 96 25
Orleans. 582 50... 582 50... 582 59... 582 50
Strasburg to 8a1e...... 205 ... 205 ... 205 ... 205

THE PRIVY CouriclL.---Sir R. Peel, Lords Aber-
deen, IVharncliffe, and Stanley, Sir J. Graham, the
Chancellor, of the Exchequer, and other Ministers,
left town soon after one o'clock yesterday afternoon, for
the Great Western Railway station, at Paddington,
to take their departure for Windsor Castle. The
Ministers returned to town in the evening, after the

Privy Council. It is rumoured Parliament will not
he summoned to met for public business before
February.
ENGLISH LANDLORDS.—The Morning Post yester-
day had a long article to prove that English landlords
were such angelic beings that their tenants might
always rely on receiving from them the value of all
their improvements, and of being left, as long as they
continued to cultivate well, in undisturbed possession
of their holdings. A single fact is worth a ton of
reasoning, and if the Post could show that the follow-
ing assertion of the Stamford Mercury, which we
repeat, is false, its other statements might find
credulous believers :—" A few days ago an old tenant
of thirty years' standing received notice to quit, and
was informed by the steward, who servel the notice,
and subsequently by the Earl hiinself, that the only
reason for the discharge was, that he went to the
Methodist chapel, and was a Methodist preacher."
The Post should also prove that no tenant has been
dispossessed during our late political struggles, be-
cause his opinions and those of his landlord did
not coincide.

DEATH OF MR. SERGEANT SPANKIE.—We regret
to announce the demise of Mr. Sergeant Spankie,
which melancholy event took place yesterday morning,
at half-patt six o'clock, at his residence in Russell-
square. The deceased was for many years Principal
Counsel to the lion. East India Company. At his
outset in life, he was for some time engaged on a morn-
ing paper. He subsequently went out in a legal
capacity to India, where he realised a large fortune.
On his return to this country he became Member for
Finsbury, and sat after his election in the first Re.
form Parliament.