The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-21 00:00:00

E SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBEW 21, 1842.

AFFkilk. (rl"lritt-C-APE OF GOOD

0:'04
We havd u're

in ou

Lilo affair

RIOS t com •I
Port Natal.

ivh9 hi r.iLl

HOPE.

*tr
, 5

z 7 a.. G' r%~

ng a prominent p%lc
udietow. Ceti

in intellig(

)U t(LN

of the Cape of Good Hope, and does but confirm our
Impression of the folly, as well as injustice, of the war
in which we are at present engaged with the Data
emigrants—a war wi-dch demands at least six times
the resour2cs at present at ors disposal in that colony
to conduct it to a successful issue.

" Sir,— ['he account of the late repulse our troops
have met with near Port Natal, in a conflict with the
Dutch emigrants, i'e render the following commu-
nication inte,'esting to some of the readers of your
valuable paper. I laving myself resided on the eastern
frontier of the Cape Colony from 1834 to 1841, (luring
which period I had many opportunities of acquainting
'myself with the habits, character, &c., of the Dutel,
farmers; and having acquired a pretty intimate know-
ledge of their laneetage, I venture to offer the follow-
ing remarks, which are mostly the result of my own
observation. I shall at first describe, in as few words
as possible, the origin of this emigration.
• It began on a .4and scale in 1636, and the chie:
eausei which led to it are enumerated by Mejoi
Chartres, R.A., in some excellent letters published
by him in the United Service Journal (see `Noticce
of- the Cape and Southern Africa,' United SPrvice
Journal, 1839) as follows :—First, ` Abolition of
slavery,' and the compensation money being made
payable in London, so that the Boer (farmer) had to
submit to the tender mercies of certain Cape Town
merchants, who brought the money to such a concen-
trated state, that he had no need.of his ox or waggon
to carry it home. Secondly, The abuses in the.
measurement of their farms, and titles to property.
Ines"veral instances the Dutch farmers have paid
for the measurement of their farms twice and
thrice .°l-0, being anxious to get the '.diagram
and title, which in many cases lahl in the Sur•
.veYor-General's-office at Cape. Town for. years.
Seizure. of property during the Kafir War of
1834-5 by the Colonial GoverneneEte to the amount
of 25,000/., without adequate remuneration :for the
same.' Fourthly, . Insecurity of the frontier.' As
these causes are so well explained in. the article above-
mentioned, I merely refer to them as being well,
known matters of colonial history ; but I shall add a
fifth cause, which is not so well known. .On
.tht-
aerival of Captain (now Sir Andries) Stokenstrom, o:.
the eastern frontier, as its Lieutenant-Governor in Sept.
18:36, Le received, among several addresses from the
frontier towns, one from Leitenage, a town 95. miles
west of Graham's Town. In this address the emigra-
tion was not alluded to, but Capt. S.'s reply contains
the following paragraphs relative thereto : It is but can-
did at once to state that I am not aware of any law which
prevents any of his Majesty's subjects from leaving his
dominions and settling in another country, and suchr.
law if it did exist, would be tyrannical and oppressive;
nor eou1:1 we wish to prevent our brethren from bet-
teriner their condition.' —(Dated 14th September.
183 G.) l"pon Capt. S.'s arrival on the immediate
`i•w,tr`ier, a correspondence commenced between him
ar:d Field Commandant Retief, who was preparing to
eeeeerate, e numerous body of farmers, from the
-Wintr•rlK:rg district, should. their condition be not bet-
toyed arid rendered more secure. In a letter to Re-
-I'4 4lattd Shiloh, September 24, 1836, Capt. S.
vrites Witli respect to those who in-
t can only say I cannot pre
fro:A I !him. ;- and if they could be hap-
in another country I would advise them to
\'.ritten opinion
,thus given by the
.. • .voc: tor st ti l.: eastern frontier to his sub-,
:eideeleell lie repJated in addressing the Dutch
operate:l as a fifth cause to the emigration :
t ate reside was th it many who were previously
wave,rin,t;,, from their doubts as to the legality of the
step, fiecideA at once ; the sluice was withdrawn, and
the full title of emigration swept across the northern
frontier. 10 a,tempt was made by the authorities to
stop this movemeett. I believe Mr. 11. Cloete, an ad-
vocate of Cape Town, an able lawyer, and a country-
man of the eniigraets, offered the Governor to visit
personalty the emigrating farmers, and expostulate
with them on the step they were taking; but his
services were declined. It was not until May, 1838,
when Sir G. N-apier (then appointed Governor of the
colony) addressed the emigrants in terms of con-
eiliation, on his visit to the eastern frontier, but
witleout effect, and several times afterwards with as
little success; this is not to he wondered at, when the
movement had been allowed to progress so long
without inter erence. _

" Before proceeding farther with the history of the
el.aigration let in take a glance at the early history of
Po.'t Natal. We first hear of Port Natal in 1589,
wheia it is said to have been purchased from the na-
tives IN the Dutch East India Company for 20,000
guilders.- Mr. Saxe Bannister mentions this, and
Rho that; in 1696, a tract of land was again bought
-b.y. the Company for like sum ; moreover, that the
Dutch, after.abandOnintt• the Cape colony, settled De-
la-Uoa Baa?and Port Natal in 1820; but abandoned
1-iteah both itt'lB3l'.'' The -Portuguese soon ,after s,q-
t!Qd. the fit '1821; the Sdllibury trader, char,
ter.?(l. her Lieut. Fanwell and 3fr. Thomson, visited'
Vart.:Nztat on a corilinerciiil speoulation. On the Ist
oalav, -18,4.4, Licht. F. reported his proceedings to the
Cape Colonial-Government, and requeted permission
to fotin.a- trading establishment there; it was granted,
1%. itit this proviso, ' that- Government would not sanction
the acquisition of any territorial possession, without a
ilia communication to the Governor of the circum-
stances under which it might be offered, and be in-
tended to be received.' In September, 1824, Liente-
F. reports to the Governor that he had received
a .41,1 e and grant of land from Chaka, King of the
Zooloos, nearly depopulated, and having 35 miles of
eoast-iine, and extending 100 inland. Mr. Saxe Ban-
nister, ia his valuable work already referred to, urges
the necessity of the Government taking possession of
it. Sir G. L. Cole, then GOvernor of the Cape, and
the Secretary of State, seem to have held a different
opinion, for the latter states in answer to S. B.'s re-
eoinmendation, that his Majesty's Government could
not perceive that snch advantages would accrue to the
public, by adopting WI suggestions, as would cou n terhe -
lailee- the expetve, &c., which must inevitably attend
the formation of a new settlement.' In 1835 the same
yeeie..,t was urged by the merchants of Cape Town,
ant the Colonial Government returned the same an-
swer. Prom the foregoing facts it is evident that
1 Natal never belonged to the English Govern-
meat, and that they, moreover, disclaimed all idea of
f wreing a settlement there. 'lt ha--; been already
qtat-ft tbat the ground granted by Chalia. to Lieute- 1
innit Fanwell was nearly depopulated. The actual
;,,,ee“tiaaa was between :100 and 400 souls, over an
of country of upwards of 3,000 square mile:.
Coaka by it series of bloody wars laid waste this
atal the country south-westward of Natal for two
hundred miles. It has been supposed that one mil-
lion of human beings were destroyed by him, so that
he has been well designated the cAttila' of Southern
A erica. Dingaan, his brother, murdered him, about
t•welve years ago, and by his cruelties has well
ea:reed the title of 'Nero of that country. When
division o the efnigrants under Retief arrived
hi the Zooloo country, they treated With Dingaan,
Rua were. by him granted the Natal territory.
Soon afterwards, however, Retief and a hundred of
his party were treacherously butchered by Din-
gaan, who consummated this act by surprising the
Dutch encampment, and murdering the remainder,
witia the tromen and children. This was the be-
gianiag of hostilities between the emigrants and
the Zi'olon;. The primary aggression ,was Din-
ran's. lam induced to dwell upon this,. US many
the otaiiiion that the emigrants were in all cases
the aggressor; and behaved in a brutal manner
towards tho o;origines. The path of their emi-
gration was, incieed,
marked with blond, but not by
anre.aaion, The'
v tarried too many cattle with them
to act, ofiensively't and just sufficient
to excite the cupidity they wished,
written-41v Major of the aborigines. The paper
11
t'ri'es, before referred to, will
prove; in every Ilari"
attacked. A serleaofinostaal'ee the farmers were first
the lreacheious inurdecitherefore, ensued after
the rightful possessor of 11,-;-ief and his party, and
froth atom Chaka had ror of the Natal country, I
grants in their war, and nested 'lt' assisted the emi-
their .territory. It was in this state
to their possessing
G. Napier, Governor of •the Cape' of
affairs that Sir
it advisable to seize on the Port Jl"13-' considered
purpose, in November, 1838, he Natal, for which
pany of the 72d RegiMent, with some arttit te light coin-
ana issued a proclamation, in which y thither,
as a reason for such seizure; the • assig,ned
maintenance
of pt:tree between the emigrants and native tribes,
gait 'not partaking in any degree of the nature s'
eoioniaation, as annexed to the Crown of GreatVf
tab.', either as a colony- or colonial dependency' chi,
fo:ce was withdrawn in December, 1839, by orders
front toe Home Government. It was not, then, until
•-',a-1131'5y,.1841, that the present force under Captain
"i"ttii was seat, besides fifty Cape Mounted Rifle-
inea, who were latterly withdrawn owing to the ex-
This force at first marched no further than
!ak)os country. (chief of the Amaponda), and its
to protect ostensible motive was - him from the emi-
grant ;Boers, who; dun er Pretorious, their present
eoioniantiant, ha(l atticked WCi apaliving
chief •
VaLoo• Captain • , s force only marched to
recently.

'taring now shown that the Natal territory never
Iwkii!.f.feil• to the British Governtnent, but Avaa Ceded
ti'oary (a written one) of. the Dutch emio-rantr,,,
thni little or no opposition, was offered tt'o their
I,;_t. the colony, L shall conclude this by a quotation
,•:-..:.! higli authority which touches upon both these
Vattel's Laws of Nations,' book 2d,
'.-'fvii., sect. 96--` An independent individual,
‘cll(4her he has been driven from his country, or has
itsajiv quitted of hiss :own ar:cord; may settle in a

fr
.1-]

country which he finds without an owner, and thus
possess an independent domain Whoever would af-
terwards make himself master of the entire country,
could not do it with justice, without respecting the
rights and independence of this person. But if he
himself finds sufficient men who are willing to live
'leder 111,s laws. he Way lien' state within the
eouutre lie hex discovered, and po,suss there both the
domain and the empire.'
" Now, this is exactly our yesitioe with regard v
these Dutch emigrants; therefore, upon the plea of
justice, our. occupation of Port Natal cannot be de-
fended. The policy of such a step I will not contro-
vert. Port Natal, at least, must be taken possession of.
Any attempt, however, to coerce or subjugate the
Dutch emigrants to British law by mere force, will
ae attended, with immense expense and bloodshed.
With equal, or even superior numbers, we • have no
chance against them. Arab-like, they will evade pur-
suit, while armed with their long guns, and being
excellent shots, they will contrive (being mounted)
to keep within their own range, and far beyond
that of our muskets. Artillery is of little, avail
igainst them, for they scatter too much. Equally
useless would be any attempt to prevent their
• obtaining ammunition. It is a well-known fact, that
lotted as the eastern frontier of the Cape Colony is
with military posts, along the extent of 100 miles, we
have been unable to prevent ammunition and gun.,
;1.-oin being smuggled to the Kafirs. low, then, can we
..xpect to arrest the same system along the northern
frontier, where there does not exist a military post,
and which is in extent 600 miles, inhabited also by
fellow-countrymen of the emigrants ? It has been
suggested, even by the ' Aborigines Protection Com-
mittee,' I believe, to incite the native tribes to fall on
the emigrants. This would not be exactly
fulfilling their duty, nor the intention of
Sir G. Napier, in sending the first expedi-
dition. What a spectacle must the late conflict
I (lave presented to the surrounding black tribes ! White
warring against white, after our missionaries, more
particularly in that quarter, have been preaching
against all bloodshed. Were Pretorious and a few
others in our power, something might be effected ; hut
I repeat, that any war with the emigrants (should
they remain united) will be attended with defeat on
our part. The wilds of Africa are before them, and they
will only retire into the interior. It is not improbable
that the next accounts will be of a more serious
nature. Captain Smith's instructions, of course, we
lo not know, but he appears to have been rash
in attempting an attack, even on the provocation he
received. It appears extraordinary that he should
have gone into action with his artillery unloaded,
and, on abandoning the same, that he should not have
spiked the guns. The authorities at Cape Town are,
no doubt, to blame on many points, which, indeed,
are so apparent, that it is unnecessary to enumerate
them. With a hope, however, that affairs may be
amicably and honourably adjusted, I remain, Sir,
" A VOICE FROM NATAL.
" Chatham Barracks, Sept. 10, 1842."

INEY?'',:.!;/APEN, STAMPS.

r;xtract from a Return of the Number of Nelspaper
Stamps, at One Penny and On. Halfpenny, issued
to tSe ..everal Nf..wspapers. in England, Scotland,
)_ll the Ist April to 30th Juile,

1 5 4 2..

Number Amuutit
of Adveiti,ement
Stamps. Duty.
Courier .
Globe

Standard
SUN....

260,000 278 3 6
313,000 323 3 6

GWILT'S ENCYCLOPAEDIA OF ARCHITECTURE.
In October will be published, in oae thick volume- Bvti., with
upwards of 1,000 Engravings, handsomely bound in cloth,
AN ENCYCLOPJEDIA of ARCHITECTURE,
HISTORICAL, THEORETICAL, and PRACTI-
CAL. By JOSEPH GWILT. Illustrated with upwards rf
1,000 Engravings on Wood, from Designs by J. S. Gwilt.
Londun: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longrnans.
THE NEW NOVEL.
Now ready at all the Libraries, in 3 you..,
-PERCIVAL KEE.N E.
-2- By Capt. MARRYAT, R.N.. GB..
. .

_ Apt.
Author of " Petsr Simple," " J .cob Faithful," &e.
" Will add a conspicuous feather to the Gallant Captain's
literary plume."—Literary Gazette.
" Superior to any of the author's more recent productions.
His ocean tights are described with great force and animation.
There is as much freshness about them as if Capt. Marryat had
never penned a naval novel before."—Observer.
Henry Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

HAMBURGii, 12TH AUGUST, 1842.
IS MAJESTY
TR
YStIrA, EMPEROR of
A

HIS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of RUSSIA,

AND HIS MAJESTY THE SING OF PRUSSIA,
Having AUTHORISED and GUA RA STEED several DIS-
TRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, by which,
though they are NO LOTTERIES, LARGE FORTUNES
may be obtained. HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURG H,
are Selling
GENUINE and WARRANTED SELECTED BONDS

FIGHT THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED
MONEY DIVIDENDS will be divided in Novem-
ber next, amongst 8,200 SELECTED Bonds of the Loan ne.
gotiated in the year 1820, and GUARANTEED by the GO.
VERNNIENT and hid Royal Highness the GRAND DUKE
of BADEN.
1 Dividend 50,000 Florins ...... 50,000 Florins
1 do. 25,000 "
1 do. 12,000 "
1 do. 10,000 "
1 do. 5,000 5,000 "
8 do. 1,000 " 8,000 "
10 do. 500 " 5,000 "
10 do. 200 " • 2,000 "
`lOO do. 110 "
200 do. 105
467 do. 100 "
7,300 do. 94 "

8,200 Money Dividends, amounting to 892,900 Florins, or
74.4001. Sterling Money.
8,200 SELECTED Bonds, each of which obtains one of the
above Dividends.
Largest Dividend £4,166 13 4
Smallest Dividend £ 716 8
12 florins equal to £1 sterling, a trifle more or less, as per
the day's exchange. All the Dividends payable withaut any
deduction whatever.
Direct for the few Bonds which are still on sale, WITHOUT
DELAY, to
lIEINE BROTHERS at HANIBURGH.
Bonds are now on sale at £l3. AFTER the 30th INST.,
IF NOT EARLIER, A HIGHER RATE WILL BE
ESTABLISHED, since the stock does not suffice for the
orders.
Those who remit £l5 befure a rise in price will have been
established, will receive an order for the surplus of £2,
together with a warranted SELECTED Bond. To those
whose order reaches us too late for being attended to, their
remittance will be returned by first post.
HEINE BROTHERS.
Hamburg!). Ist September, 1842.
POSTSCRIPT.—HaIves of Bank Notes not considered
Payment before the receipt of the corresponding Halves ; but
the corresponding Halves can be sent on receipt of the Bonds.
2 Bonds, £26 3 Bonds. £39
4 Bond=, 52 5 Bonds, 65
More than 5 Bonds cannot be disposed of in favour of one
purchaser. the stock being too small for larger sales. On the
other hand, orders for LESS than a whole Bond cannot be at-
tended to, the GENUINE Baden Bonds being altogether
whole Bonds.

THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN.
THIS EVENING, SEPTEMBER 21,
Will be repeated the New Play, in Five A,: s, by the Author of
"The Provost of Bruges," called LOVE'S SACRIFICE; or, the
RIVAL ME CHA N I:S.—Matthew Aylmer, Mr. Vanden hoir; Paul
Lafont, Mr. Cooper; Eugene de Lornse, Mr C. Pitt; St Lo, Mr.
W. Lacy; Jean Fuse, Mr. Meadows; Margaret Aylmer; Miss Van.
denhoff; Herminie de Vermont, Mrs W. Lacy; Jenny, Mr.i. Hum.
by ; Manou, Mrs. Orger.
Alter which, Atil.er's celebrated Or era of PRA DIA VOLO
Fra biavo'o; Slr. W. Harrison; Lord Alicash, Mr. G. ornc..stle;
Lorenzo, Mr. Travers ; Beppo, Mr. J. Bland; - Giacomo, Mr. Giu.
bllei ; Zerlina, Miss Rainforth ; Lady Allcash, Miss Poole.
DoGre open at half-past ,ix, anu the l'orformances begin at Seven.
Dress Boxes is., Second Price :Is. Gil , First and SecnndCircles
Second Price Is. eld. • Pit ::s.' Second Price ; Gallery Is. Tickets
and Places for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Whitlow, at the Box.
Office, from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets may be had.
Private Boxes to be had at the Box-Otti e; of Mr. Andrews,
167. New Bond-street; Mr. Mitchell, Old Bond street; and of Mr.
Saws. Pali Mall.

LONDON:
WEDNESD tY MORNING. SEPTEMBER 21, 1842.
At the Annual Epping Agricultural Meeting,
on Friday, the President, H. J. CONYERS, Esfi.,
alluded in the following terms, according to the
Essex Herald, to the present condition of agri-
culture :-

Last year I told you I hoped the Corn-laws would
not be altered. I hope, as Sir Robert Peel said, that
he is not a class man, and that he does not look to the
right or to the left, but to the nation at large ; and I
hope in what he has done we shall not feel ourselves
injured or deceived. I hope, we shall see the cloud
passing by—l can say no more than this, that I hope
we shall see better times, for I consider the present
times very gloomy and very miserable for the agricul-
tural interest; but within the last week things have got
a little better, and I consider the news which England
has received on the subject of peace with America.,
one of the greatest things for this nation; for if we
had been obliged to go to war with that country
where should we have been then? I hope Sir Robert
Peel has done what he thought right for the good of
the nation, and that what he has done will be found
to have that effect. hope Providence—for as I said
to Sir Robert Peel, we have two P's, Providence and
—I hope Providence will give prosperity to the
landed Peel interest, and that I shall have the happiness of
meeting vou next year under better circumstances.
There is testimony, then, to the fact that the
landed interest is beginning to grumble. The
injury it has done to others is now returning
into its own bosom. Its calamities, however, are
only beg,irining. The hopes entertained by Mr.
CONYERS, that things are getting a little better,
are dashed to the ground by the fall in Monday's

markets. The peace with ATnerin. on wilicit
relies, and which he justly praisos, e ceq
• ine„,tirt ; but utifortunately 'for E:.g:add it is
cumpanied by a tariff; which, he inay ,ear.: rt.
C 5 and fruni

;
on- ad ices ft•oui the lbalt
,rebeldin the City to be

:s' i111:,~~ ~..

coutinuod
check consumption, but-we are told that it in-
diices foreigners to withhold orders or carry
Ahem .else Where. - The price of agricultural pro-
duce iS,likeb', therefore, to sink still lower and
cause_ still more " gloomy and more miserable
fithei fur the agricultural interest" than it now
experiences.
• His a somewhat curious coincidence that the
average rate of duty at which ‘2,457,9;-,' Ars. of
wheat have been imported under the new scale
was Si. 4d., or within id. of the fixed duty pro.
posed by the Whigs. Being brought in on the
eve-of our own harvest, which has turned out
almost infinitely better than the bad seed-time
experienced last year induced persons to ex-
pect, that quantity has brought agriculture into
its present " very gloomy and very miserable"
condition. Had the Whigs succeeded in carry-
ing their fixed duty, an equal, and probably a
greater, quantity of corn would have been im-
ported. ft might not have come all at once,
like the importation under the slidingscale ; some
of it would have been brought in before the
period when the duty under the present scale
sunk to Bs., and some of it the holders at that
period would have kept in bond, certain that they
ran no risk ofnot being able to enter it hereafter
at the same rate ofduty. The fixed duty, too, might
have given a greater impulse to our trade than
the sliding scale; but this'would have been about
balanced in its effect on prices by the greater
quantity of corn imported. As the agriculturists
are suffering now and complaining, they would
have suffered under the Bs. fixed duty ; and the
Whigs, had they been successful, would have had
to bear the odium of ruining the agriculturists.
Their opponents would have made no allowance
for the harvest; all the blame of the reduced
prices would have been ascribed to their measure,
and they would have become ten times inure
unpopular than at present. They may now be
thankful that they did not succeed, as we are,
for the blame of injuring the agriculturists can-
not now be shifted from the Corn-laws. That
the Whigs did not succeed has rescued them
from the unpopularity of ruining the poor agri-
culturists, which will now fall on the devoted
heads of their rivals.

We cannot part company from Squire CON.
YERS, till we have directed the reader's attention
to his almost blasphemous alliteration : "(S I
said to Sir R. PEEL, we have two P's.--Provi.
dente and PEEL." In the mind of the Squire,
therefore, and probably in the minds of kin-
dred squires, PEEL and Providence were, some
months back, placed on the same level. They
were expected to be equally efficacious in saving
and aggrandising the agricultural state, and they
were equally honoured by the squires. The
flattery of the Frenchman, who placed
" on the statue of BONAPARTE the inscription
Voila yzon Dieu,"
was a bold piece of impiety;
but it is nearly equalled, in all but its boldnes,
by the sneaking impiety of Squire CnNYERS.
An old and respectable officer, long since dead,
we believe, who used to 'Say that nobody looked
after the Eurydice but. GOD ALMIGHTY and
GEORGE LUMSDAIN, was considered a profane
man in times much less chary of speech than at
present ; and what then will be thought Ix' a
squire—on :2 of our pattern men—who
flatter Sir R. PEEL by telling him that the
nation has two P's—rovidence and PEEL
`cMan-worship," said Al;. VINCENT, iu a speech
delivered a few days ago, addressing the work-
ing classes, " has been your bane ;" and now
that man-worship has been scouted by the work-
ing classes, it. is adopted by time squires.

The opinions concerning the American tariff,
which we quoted yesterday front the Leeds
Mercury, are shared, we see,. by the Glasyow
urges. That journal says :
The new duties are, in point of filet, prohibitory
against numerous and important articles of 13,itish
trade, and they have given rise to the most serious
apprehensions, in regard to the future, both in Glas-
gow and Manchester. We know of one house in this
city that ship from 40,0001. to 50,000/. value every'
spring and fall, who declare that they will be coin-
'
pelled to abandon the trade, and only refrain from.
doing so in the meantime because the provisions of
the tariff are so monstrous that the American Govern-
omtehnetr
hca(nmssecaih•caes cancelled orders to the extent ofly persist in them permanently. An-
-15,000 pieces printed cottons and de-laines : and we
have heard, also, of large orders fin gingthami, and
other articles of manufacture, being in like manner
countermanded. These are specimens of the "benefits"
conferred by the new tariff upon Glasgow ; and we
might proceed to enumerate many others. We pre-
fer however, to make way for the following letter,
which we have received from Mr. John Pattison, of
this city, a gentleman who is extensively engaged in
the trade with the United States, and whose views,
as being those of a practical merchant, are deserving
of attention.

__lNir. PATTISON'S letter we take two ex-
tractsFr

------ -
To give you some idea how the new duties will
affect the manufacturing 'interests of Glasgow and
Paisley, I will shortly state, that printed muslins and
are virtually prohibited, such
isteidn'ch wide, now paying six cents
all moderate printed cottons, of which the great bulk
eooftttohnes,t
or three pence the yard duty ; Delaines, or cotton
and woollen mixed
goods, pay same as cottons.
Ginghams, nine cents, or five pence the square yard;
Madras and Verona handkerchiefs, say 190 per cent.
twenty-fourr ae cos
to 150 per cent. duty ; muslins, 74- cents, or 31d.
square yard; silk goods, or of which silk is a compo-
nent part, two dollars and a ha f per lb. of 16 oz. ;
so that a Paisley silk and cotton shawl, which weighs
about a pound, and costs 6s. to is., will pay a duty of
ten shillings ! Iron will now pay from .55 to 65 per
cent. To add to the severity of the law, all the duties
are to be paid cash down on entry. To sell, under
the old and moderate duties, if you got any pry t, you
were compelled to give a credit of eight months ! I
cannot help thinking that this prohibitory measure
has been called forth by a spirit of RETALIATION
springing out of Sir R. Peel's tariff. * * * *,
From the talent displayed by the President in his
Message on the Veto--the moderation and good
sense evinced by Mr. Webster—and the present feel-
ing of the American people generally—there can be
no doubt that, had Sir Robert Peel proposed a mode-
ratefiredduty on bread stuffs, he would have obtained
a commercial treaty on the most fair and liberal terms
—an arrangement which would have proved highly
beneficial to the great landed interests of America—
east, west, and south—as well as of vast importance
to their mercantile marine-;--and it would have saved
Our 'manufacturers Cram the- f'..lit that. tliire4f,en 'S them.
The treaty of Lord Ashbartolv all Velroiri 'well, and
no wise or good man can. oh,Vsl4l3;;lt ;
lin Irightful as
war is, it were better for .onr,lPßiTantili. and manu-
facturing interest, in a pecunig
-:y point of view, to be
so engaged, than to be thus 4180 t out from a mitrket
our necessities §o loudly called,,M. Our friends in
,Canada, however, have goody,4. jilise; to rejoice—they
will have a rich harvest to'l3.4','.thei'• in . supplying the
smugglers of the United States.
Whether the . Tories meant to. destroy our
trade with America or vot, and, from what their
journals have said the world will
give
them credit
for meaning it, they are accomplishing that object.
Till Sir ROBERT PEEL took •it into his head to
modify the tariff and the Corn-law, and modi-
fied them as if he had intended to keep out the
produce of the 'United States—fur none of his
changes are beneficial to them--.-the American
Government and people might nourish some
hopes that
English
best interests of their own countrY,. which is also
the interest of Americo. Sir ROBERT PEEL'S
tariff and Cora-law have put an end to all
those hopes, and are the true parents of the
American tariff. Oar trade was suffering- before
from our own legislation, and now it is doomed
to suffer still more, so that the Tories will pro-
bably have the satisfaction of depopulating half
our manufacturing towns.
To• justify their malevolent designs against
manufactures, they put forth some of the strangest
reasons imaginable. A gr. PALMER, who re-
joices in representingthe.Essex 'agriculturists in
Parliament, said; at the EPPinc: meeting on Fri-
day, that it is the first duty•and the first labour
imposed on man by the ALMIGHTY, that he
should cultivate the ground a duty and a labour
of which man, in some stages '3( his' existence,
has no conception. Does-Mr. PALMER mean tlia

ie fourfold
m ?

L+1....

~, :t;]

Y to

Oa CIUC

il;_ sltl

to labour for

tell us tha

l'Ultlet

iculture, bc?catise

is subsisten

Tory journalist found out yesterday that
agriculture was preferable to manufactures, be-
cause it was the parent of steady and regular
hatlts. Such an assertion must be made to
serve a purpose, for anything more contrary to
fact cannot well be conceived. The agricul-
turist has in winter little or nothing to do, and
be goes hunting or poaching, or would go if he
were allowed, because he has no occupation.
In other seasons he labours, as in hay time and
harvest, sixteen hours a day. His labours de-.
peed, too, on the weather as well as the seasons,
and he sometimes begins his day by sowing, and
then the rain drives him into the barn to thrash.
If the barn-floor be occupied, he may make
hurdles ; and if there be no hurdles wanted, he
may go to sleep, or go to the alehouse. His oc-
cupations are neither continuous nor certain,
while the bulk of the artisans, excluding brick-
layers, stonemasons, &c., working under shelter,
go day after day to their labour by the cluck,
and leave off work as thc clock strikes.

The machines o►► which artisa►►s depend, are
models of regularity ; the weather, which -fo►ms
the habits of the agriculturists, is proverbially
uncertain. If the assertion that agriculture is
favourable to steady and regular habits, as con-
trasted with ►manufactures, be nut made with► a
view to deceive, it is the offspring of unobserving
ignorance. It is, however; o►► such grounds as
that it is ►man's first duty to cultivate the ground,
and that cultivating the ground gives steady
habits, that our manufacturers are to be. malevo-
lently doomed to decay, by those who claim
respect and obedience frog►► manufacturers as
their protectors and guardians.

We publish in another place a brief history,
written. by an English officer, of the circuoi-
stances whic!i led the Boers of Natal to leave
the colony of the Cape of Good Hope. It agrees
with much which we had previously heard, and
acid is confirmed by the proclamation published
by the Boers themselves. From both documents
it appears that they left the colony after giving
notice of their intention, assigning their reasons
for their conduct, and receiving the sanction of
the Lieutenant-Governor of the colony. He
said, according to the Boers, that " it was an in-
dubitable right that a man, not satisfied with the
administration of a Government, had liberty to
abandon it."

But now, it is assumed in the contest with
them, that no man can throw off his :Alegiaoce
to a Government, and that once a slave, he
must for ever remain a slave. We think it be.
cones all men to protest against such a doctrine.
Weknow that it is thshionable—that it is insisted
on in the case of our seamen, but that does not
make it just. A Government is established for
the benefit of all the people, and if some of
them find that it is not for their benefit, they
have, so the Lieutenant-Governor said, an in-
dubitable right to shake off its authority. The
contrary principle asserts that man is made for
government, not government for man. It is a
relic of the imperial despotism of old Rome,
which ought not to be tolerated amongst us; and
if, on this ground, Lord STANLEY has decided on
reducing the Boers to subjection, England has
allowed her Minister to engage her in a career
of injustice.

The war seems, we deeply regret to say,
likely to be carried on in a manner which the
whole civilized world will, condemn. The arm •
ing the Indians during the American war has
always been held to be a disgrace to our country.
The Dutch Boers, say certain busy agents, are
instigating the Kafir tribes against us, either to
their own or our misfortune." Colonel CLOILTE
says, in his dispatch, that the Katirs would
plunder the Boers as soon as his troops with-.
draw. In remonstrating against employing them
to make war on the Boers, he implies that em-
ploying them had heel' e:mtemplated. To wage
a War against the emigrants, in order to compe;
tilem to return under our dominiou, and to carry
uu that war by the aid and assistance of savages,
will be to inflict on Great. Britain an indelible
disgrace. •

i t may be confidently anticipated, now that
the boundary line is settled, and the Canadians
have obuiined a new Constitution, that this
enuntry will be at length relieved of the enor-
mous expense incurred by keeping up a large
standing army in our North American provinces.
Tile troops of the line in that quarter, indepen-
dent of the native militia in pay,probably ex-
ceed 15,000 men, being about one-fifth of the
whole effective three of. the country. Taking
the pay of the militia into account, the number
of desertions from the regular army, and
the large sums of • money laid out on public
works, it cannot be denied that the mother
country has a very expensive, as well as
a troublesome offspring. From keeping up
so many troops in Canada, Great Britain has
been forced to increase her army, and has at the
same time been materially crippled in her opera-
tions both i» India and China. Could one-half
of the Canadian three have been spared two years
ago, the contest with the Chinese would have ex-
hibited a very different aspect, as in all proba-
bility we should have dictated terms to the
" Bright Eye" in Pekin, anti thereby brought
this tedious war to a satisfactory termination.
These considerations, therefore, give rise to the
questions, whether, under all circumstances,
the possession of the Canadas is worth the
money, and whether, at some not very distant
period, it may not be advisable to leave the people
to erect themselves into an independent State.
When the North American provinces became
sufficiently strong to assert their independence,
we tried in vain to coerce them into obedience,
lost armies and much treasure in the deadly con-
test, and were at last compelled to yield. Since
that humiliating event, changes have taken
place which few anticipated. England increased
in power, the United States increased in a tenfold
proportion, and the trade and commerce between
the countries now exceeds those between any
two States in the world. Unfortunately, the bad
feeling created by the war of independence long
existed, and has not died away, notwithstanding
the-cast ,:onimercial intercourse between the two
countries. This, therefbre, ought to be a lesson
for the future rulers of the country, and should
induce them, •when Canada is sufficiently 'Strong
to defend her elf, and claims independence; to
g.ran t i e•y:it.hout a struggle. By so doing,. Great
131.itain ;Would
..set a noble example, perhaps
the only one yet exhibited in the world,
fthsterh, g a eqlony, protecting it against all
enemies 'during-its weakness, and at a fitting
season partingwith it on terms of friendship and
,!steciii. At present, however, such an event is
out of the question, as Canada is quite unable to
cope with her powerful neighbour, and we are
bound to protect her ; :int when the separation
does take place, England will have no cause to
complain.

The new Greek tariff, of which an Outline ap-
peared some two months ago in The Sun, is
giving all the trouble and vexation which we
rxedicted it would, to British Merchants trading
with that kingdom. Nearly all the Consular
authorities have protested against the tariff regu-
lations as vexatious, absurd, and utterly imprac-
ticable. Nevertheless the Royal dolt, King
Onto, has signified, that having received his
sanction, they are unalterable. A Morning Con-
temporary publishes a letter from Patras, dated
the 27th of August, in which we find the fellow-
ing illustration of the working of the new tariff:

A British schooner arrived here yesterday, having
been loaded at Liverpool with a general cargo for
Corfu and this port. At Corfu she landed the portion
of her 'cargo destined for that place, arid came on
here with the remainder. The master produced his
bills of lading and manifest, from Liverpool, to the
Patras Custom-house authorities, but they insisted
on having a manifest from Corfu, which;of course,
had not been furnished, nor had the master asked for
it, the goods for Patras having been loaded at Liver..
1 001. Dispatch in the discharge of this vessel was of i

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