The Sun.
London, England, 1827-09-12 00:00:00

MALLOW RACEL—Fmar DAY.

Sweepstakes of 10 *ova. eaeh, 60 added- byth; Stewards.
Heats, two mike.
Mr. Hunter's Guiaioli 1 1
Mr. A. Creagh's Falkland
Mr. Creagh's Crockfort

SICOND DAL—Corinthian Stakes, 19 sore. each, SO added
by the Stewards. Heats, one mile and a half, rode by
Gentlemen.
Mr. A. Creagh's Sylvanus...(Mr. A. Montgomery) 1 1
Mr. B. Creagh's Signal
Mr. R. Smith's Rainbow (Owner) S 3
Sweepstakes of 3 sore. each, SO added by the Stewards,
for horses that never won more than that sum.
Mr. John Smith's Pilot 3 1 1
Mr. Cooke's Nimrod 1 2 3
Mr. Wrixon's Mothela 2 3 2
Mr. Prendergast's.ch. m.
THIRD DAL—Fifty soy& given by the Stewards, weight
for4age. Heats, two miles.
Mr. Hunter's Guicioli 1 1
Mr. A. G. Creagh's Falkland
Mr. Hammerton's Emperor

A very good race between Gnieioli and Falkland. Em-
peror fell, in consequence of a man having grossed the
line ; the unfortunate man, rider, and horse, were very
much injured.
FOURTH DAY.—Thirty soya. for the beaten home tllat

saved their distance.
Mr. Brazier Creagh's Signal
Mr. R. Smith's Rainbow
Mr. A. G. Creagh's Falkland S dr

Sweepstakes of 28ge. each, 25 added by the Stewards,
Heats, two milee.
Lord Clanmorris's Sunflower 1 I
Mr. Creagh's Crockfort
Mr. Kelly's Captain Rock
This was an excellent race. Captain Rock the favourite
before starting ; 5 to 6 offered freely on him.
FIFTH Darr.—For 50 sovs. bye bet.—Lord Clanmor-
ries Sunflower, 10st. llb. beat Mr. Creagh's Crockfort,
lOst. '7lb. Oue mile and half heats.

• ROWING MATCHES.
Yesterday a handsome wherry, and other prizes, givers
by the Ladies and Gentlemen of St. Paul, Shadwell, were
contested for by six free watermen belonging to different
stairs situate in the parish. The men came in as follows :
Andrew Scott Yellow ' 1
John Raymond
William Tovey Rod 3
The first was entitled to the wherry, valued at ft2l. ; and
31., 2/. 10s., 2/., 11. 10s., and 11., were distributed
among the others. Several stems-boats stopped during
the heats, and the bands 'On board, joined by those sta-
tioned on the river, played " God save the King," and
other national airs, much to the delight of the numberless
spectators who were on board the vessels in the Lower
Pool, and on the banks of the River.

- ,-- -
A grand Rowing Match took place yesterday for a beau -
tiful silver medal, given by the Union Club, to be rowed
for by Gentlemen amateurs, five pair of oars, in three heats.
For the last heat, the boats came in thus
Mr. Charles Bolt }
Orange 1
Mr. William Rice ....
MT. Evered
Mr. Mason } Blue . *
Mr. Easton
Mr. Davis } White e
This was throughout a beautiful match

A tremendous battle was fought at Naughton, near Staf-
ford, on Tuesday evening, by two men, for a small sum
of money. The parties were both young ; ene an inha-
bitant of the village, of the name of Mould, a shoemaker,
and the other a " dab hand" at boxing, well known by the
appellation of " Windsor." After forty-three rounds,
during which each party had dreadfully punished the other,
a truce was called for by the crowd. Both the men were
sober, and our relator states that they never closed, but
fought at arm's length the whole time.--Staffordshire
Advertiser;

The plan of improYements in St. James's
Park begins to be more distinguishable. The water nearest
the Horse Guards will form a head or basin. There is a
peninsula which will be covered with shrubbery, and form
a very handsome abject. The stream, as we stated on a
former occasion, will assume a serpentine appearance. A
house is building for a steam engine, which is necessary to
remove the water.

COMMISSION DE LUNATICO INQUIRENDO.
—Yesterday a Commission was held at Gray's-inn Coffee-
house, to inquire whether Jomparta
Esq. was of unsound mind and incapable of managing his
property. Various witnesses were called, and
. spoke to the
ammte James.
managing
Alexander
al ennvarious
affairsbßt
rom Robertson
Robertson,
extravaganteelaalunyaetri
lunatic
ioacnriLdt
incapable
caTophfaabat
James
the 31 s t of August, 1824."

ROBBERY.--.During the houri of Divine
Service on Sunday morning, the shop of Mrs. Laxton, at
No. 3, in the Royal Arcade, Pall-mall, waft entered, and
311. in cash and notes, 101. in bill receipts, a gold watch,
and other things taken, to the value of 001.
ROBBERY OF LORD MANDEVILLE'S
STA BIAS. —On last Friday night a very daring robbery was
committed in the stable, of Lord Mandeville, Wood's
Mews, back of Grosvenor-square. Between eleven and
twelve o'clock the stables were broken into and gutted of
every article. Next day, on hearing of the robbery, C?i•
Steel, brother to Lady Mandeville, who lives at the opposst,:
side of the square, accompanied by Clements, an office-,• of
Marlborough-street, commenced a most active inquiry in
the neighbourhood, but without success. renders
What
the affair most extraordinary, is, that Colonel Steel's own
stables were broken into about dm same hour en the fol-
lowing night, and robbed in the same manner as Lord
Mandeville's.

[ DREADFUL
o'clock yesterday wonting, the horizon was illuminated by
gS.--Between two and three
an extensive.gFhilch broke out upon the Premises of
inthe loner d
John-street, Pimlico. The flames
were
d with such fearful rapidity that before any means to
spree
could
check them be adopted,
tinily on fire. Mra. Joao° iaraPed from the second
floor window into the street, and fell upon the heads of
the people, and only received a few sea contusion,. Dir.
Jackson was from horns, but arrived lett at the moment,
his house was in one biuk The servant woman, end
with tremendous fury for above two hours,
two M r
threeojfirarsctk.ds cP fire,o
ovter horeec ewr, rP
er a 0 11l . escaped
house on the left band adjoining, occupied by Mr, Pierce,
wraagseodvercome, and the roof' and walls falling in,
was soon included in the flames, and wee nearly gutted._...
wpTahhreetniafilirltye smothered it, and before six o'clock it was en-
tirely subdued. No lives were lost, but tbe escape of Mrs,
jukwa me Q 91164114 tuirankess,

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

It was to be expected that the basest faction
by which England in modern times has been
dishonoured would resort to means propor-
tionably base for the advancement of its peculiar
objects. While the servile newspapers of a
neighbouring country shout with exultation at
what they suppose to be the chance of overturn-
ing, by an indirect agency, the "free institutions
of Portugal, and s• tantually her national inde-
pendence,--rejoicing not so much, perhaps, for
any other reason as because England feels a high
and generous interest in the preservation of both
these blessings for an allied people,—the small
but inveterate band of conspirators, to whom
alone an active opposition to the King's Govern-
ment is confined amongst ourselves, begin to
emulate the Bourbon antagonists of Great Bri-
tain in their bitterness against those spirited and
well-timed measures which she undertook in
defence of Don Pedro's crown, and of his Eu-
ropean kingdom, against a foreign invader. The
Paris Apostolical attacks the consequences of
Mr. Canning's policy,—the domestic faction
strives to misrepresent its principles. But these
consequences have been to the present hour the
protection :of Portugal from the yoke of the
Madrid Camarillo ; and those principles were no
other than a regard to the faith of treaties, and
a reverence for whatever was most sacred in the
national character and the British name. When
attempts are repeated, day after day, to abuse the
public ear by the grossest falsehoods, or the most
unpardonable perversions of history, for the
single purpose of creating a prejudice which can
exist no longer than during the few hours be-
tween the publication of the slander on which it
rests and its exposure, there is little difficulty in
deciding to what extremities a faction that
catches at such straws must be driven. The
evening organ of the Tories—a paper which
sometimes executes with zeal and talent worthy a
better cause, the office cast upon it by a party of
which it is the only not altogether despicable
advocate—plunged last night into the question of
our relations towards Portugal, and of the
objects of our military expedition. But this
was not a lucky day with our cotemporary. The
blindfold gallantry of its blunders was such
indeed as the present Lord Londonderry might
have envied, although the late Lord of that name
must have been severely shocked had he heard
the merciless eulogies of this Tory upon his poli-
tical achievemeats. After scolding France in
terms by no means exaggerated, and to which
we fully subscribe, for the wickedness of her
war upon the Spanish Cortes, both as res-
pected the injustice of her violence and the frau-
dulent meanness of her pretences, the gentleman
goes on to say, that Mr: Canning relieved her
from the odium of her acts, and sanctioned
them by " a similar invasion of Portugal."
We transcribe his words ! It will be shown us,
therefore, we presume, that to enter a country at
the solicitation of the Government, and in fulfil-
ment of existing treaties, is " a similar" thing
to a passage across the frontier in defiance both
of the diplomatic remonstrances of a Govern-
ment, and of its military power ; that going in
acknowledged friendship is " similar" to openly
declaring war ; that entering Portugal to protect
her from foreign invasion, is " similar" to per-
petrating a foreign invasion of Spain ; and that
an enterprise, of which the collateral, though
necessary, consequences must be favourable to
civil liberty, is " similar" to one whose direct
and only purpose was its entire overthrow. The
Tory manifesto proceeds to lament, that 4, in-
stead of giving law to Europe, as in the days of
Londonderry and Wellington," we are, by this
act of " invasion," pinned to the tail of a mise-
rable faction in the most miserable state of the
Continent. It follows, then, that the Govern-
ment of a country may be the " most miserable
faction" in it—a good legitimate admission this
--and that because the intrigues of a tyrant have
contributed to the misery of our friend, we
should complete his misery, by leaving him quite
at the mercy of his oppressor. But in " the
days of Wellington," it seems, no such vile
" isivasion of Portugal" could have taken place !
Look, then, at the debates of the House of Lords
in the las: session, where the Duke of Welling-
ton made a formal avowal of his sentiments on
this vile and contemptible expedition to Lisbon,
and assured the House and the country that it
had his fullest support and approbation. Need
we say another word to show the candour—nay,
the common sense—of this unfortunate faction ?
Why, Mr. Peel himself, their Corypheus-Peel,
declared himself stoutly in favour of sending our
troops to Portugal. The French Ministers
themselves, Messra, Villele and the Minister for
Foreign Affairs, confessed that if England had
any respect for treaties, she could not avoid fur-
nishing the succour called for by the Regent ;
but, what is better still, there was not a man in
England, except old Mr. if Saving-Bankes" and
Mr. Joseph Hume, who breathed one syllable
against the measure, which was bailed as a
triumph for British honour and for European
liberty, from the palace to the cottage, through-
out the King's dominions.— Times.
England was one of the first countries which
gave a toleration to all religions. The first was
the United Provinces. Germany, worn out with
civil wars, agreed to what could hardly be said
to be a religious toleration—it recognised three
branches of the Christian religion, Catholics,
Lutherans, and Reformed, as legally existing in
the empire, leaving to the States of the empire
the determination of the extent of toleration to
be. allowed witl%n their respective bounds. But
though England has the merit of preceding most
other States rat religious liberty, it has, at the
eeto,an absurdity in matters of
same time,
All other civilized
fallen
religion, peculiar to OVIL
rel
countries either have no jour establishments,
AS. the United States for instauee, pr they uni-
•
formly establish the religion of the pei:iple.—
Some of them take measures to secure the people
against the danger of religious changos and it
will readily be allowed by all who have hear d of
Inquisitions, that the remedy is worse than the
disease. But though religious uniformity may
have been preserved by very objectionable means,
still the means adopted suppose the identity of
Church and People, The refinement is entirely
of English growth, which separates a religious
establishment from the people whiph, among a peo-
ple professing one religion, establishes a Clergy
professing another. The system of the United
States is intelligible, the system of the Continent
of Europe is intelligible, but that of England is
.511 contradiction ,With itself. In England itself,
if the majority of the:population do not belong
to the national Church, a much larger proportion
of the population, at all events, belong.to it,
than to any of the other Churches, and therefore
the evil of a Church without a people is
not felt here. But we all know what
incessant turmoils have resulted from the luckless
attempt in ireia;!a to establish a Protestant
Church for a Catholic people. But the evil is
not confined to Ireland. The seeds have been

sown in Canada, for the same divisions and jea-
lousies which produce such melancholy results
in Ireland, by the same attempt to plant among
a Catholic population in one province, and a di-
vided Lutheran population in another, the as-
cendancy of the Episcopal Church of England.
In Ireland we can afford to be extravagant ; the
price we pay is merely the retaining the country
in barbarism, and the misery spreading over our
own labouring population, from the free COMMU-
nication between the two Islands. Still we can-
not be prevented from ruining ourselves in our
own way. But in Canada the evil will soon
work its own cure, for when discontent attains
a certain height, the consequence of throwing off
our authority cannot be prevented. We had no
idea that the evil, which is so intensely felt in
Ireland, prevailed to the extent which, it would
appear, it does in Canada, till we read the article
on Canada in the last number of the Westmin-
ster Review. We were not aware that another
Ascendancy system was advancing with such
.rapid strides across the Atlantic, in the career
of mischief. " Steadily (says the well-informed
writer of that article) have the English portion
of the Canadian Government pursued the path
which their interest dictated, and which an edu-
cation in one of the most aristocratic countries

in Europe well fitted them to pursue. The
persons whom they feared as likely to disturb
their enjoyment of the profits of misrule, were
the people and their representatives; the persons
from whom they expected sympathy, were all
who themselves were fed by the proceeds of mis-
government, and all who were living in expec-
tancy of being maintained by the same means.—
They have, therefore, drawn a distinct line be-
tween the Canadian population and them-
selves. The army, as being themselves
the cherished offspring of misrule, every
" pelting petty Officer" of the English
Government, every sprig of Nobility that
happens to be transplanted into that distant
country, every off-shoot from a noble stem,
though but a twentieth cousin, joined to all
Clergymen of the Church of England, are of
their party, and form with them a select and ex-
clusive society. These persons on all occasions
assume the most ludicrous airs of importance,
gratuitously dub themselves the honi and opti-
metes of the land, and treat with the most con-
temptuous insolence the unoffending inhabitants
of the country. The Church, which is seldom
backwards in setting men together by the ears,
has lent her assistance to blow up the flame be-
tween these two parties. The English Clergy
on all occasions evince an excessive distrust of
the Canadian priesthood ; they studiously en-
deavour to degrade that body, as belonging to
the inferior party, and to exalt _themselves as
connected with the party in power; they care-
fully describe themselves as basking in the sun-
shine of Royal favour, while the opposite sect is
represented to be merely tolerated as an unavoid-
able evil." It appears that Canada has not only
her Ascendancy system, but a counterpart to the
Charter-house Schools in Ireland—a mischievous
attempt to make education subservient to the
purposes of the Ascendancy party.
" The second consequence of the connexion with Eng-
land to which we shall allude is, opposition to the pro-
gress of education in the provinces. Of the disposal of
the Jesuits' property, originally dedicated to the purposes
of instruction, we have spoken already. The sequestra-
tion of that property, however, is not all which the Eng-
lish Government has done to retard the education of the
people. In the year 1801, a Bill was passed by both
Houses to erect a Corporation, for the purpose of appoint-
ing schoolmasters, and establishing schools. This plan
was proposed by some members of the Colonial Govern-
ment, and Was pained by the House of Assembly, not with-
out opposition, however, on the part of the more saga-
cious members of that body. At that time the people's
eyes were not opened to the trial-administration of the
Government, and a majority was regularly accustomed to
vote with the Executive.. The Corporation, however,
created in 1801, was not completely organized till
1820. The following is an extract from a Sketch of
Business before the Parliament of Lower Canada :
' A number of schoolmasters, with salaries of about 604
each, bad, however, existed under the Act (meaning the
Act of 1.801), some with a few scholars, some without
any. In 1817, Sir John Cmpe Sherhroke had offered to
the late Roman Catholic Bishop to make hint a member of
the Corporation.; which he refused, it is understood, under
a knowledge of some instructions to the Governors relating
to religion and schools, and on the persuasion that the
Corporation was to be so composed as to give it the influ-
ence of his name without his having any power to influence
its proceedings. When the list appeared, it contained no
Protestants, excepting of the Church of England, and only
three or four Catholics, out of 21 Members. All the ef-
fective Members of the Corporation were Clergymen of the
Church of England. The Chief Direction of the Eiluca-
cation of Youth in the Province, under the Act of 1801,
was thus given to one religious denomination, forming
about the one-hundredth part of the population. No en-
dowments of the schools, now under this Corporation, as
was promised in the Act, has ever taken place P - the num-
ber of children educated at these schools must be trifling,
and ever will remain trifling, comparatively with the num-
ber of children requiring to he educated, notwithstanding
the liberality of the regulations established for them; yet it
appears that these schools have already cost the Province
about thirty thousand pounds of the monies raised on the
inhabitants generally. An inquiry and report were made
lin 1825, by the House of Assembly, on the ef-
fects of the Act of 1801, by which it appears
that the number of scholars in the schools of the Corpora-
tion were about eleven hundred ; and, at the same time,
an Address to the Crown was voted, to place the Jesuits'
Estates at the disposal of the Legislature, to be applied for
the purpose of education generally. Eleven hundred scho-
lars, then, is the extent of the Corporation's endeavours in
a country containing a million of inhabitants. To trust
power in the hands of persons irresponsible for its use, is
invariably followed by the same consequences : when it is
worth using it is employed for purposes of private emolu-
ment ; when its employment confers no benefit upon those
intrusted with it, coolness:and neglect are the result. To
fill up the places of the schoolmasters was patronage ; they
were consequently filled up. To see that the schoolmasters
did their duty gave nothing but trouble ; that task was
consequently neglected. For the most part also, these
places have been conferred upon persons ignorant of the
French language, and utter strangers to the people ; usually
upon boorish and ignorant emigrants, just imported from
the Mother Country, whose stupid prejudices unfitted them
for the task of educating any body ; and, above all, for
performing the delicate part of instructing a people differing
from themselves in religion, in language, and in manners."
Such are the mischievous effects produced by
the attempt to rear an establishment for a reli-
gion professed by a small fraction of a people, by
I the communication of peculiar civil advantages.
In Upper Canada, the improvement of the
country has been avowedly sacrificed to the
attempt to force, by means of reserved lands, an
establishment for a small fraction of the popula-
tion. Of what has been going on in Lower
Canada, the above extracts will give an idea.
And all this takes place in the close vicinity of
the United States, where Churches and Schools
are abundant, and where the utmost harmony
prevails both with regard to religion and educa-
tion,=-Morning Chronicle.
We trust we are rightly informed as to the
Master-General of the Ordnance having it in
contemplation to promote that meritorious class
of Officers, the Lieutenants of Artillery of fifteen
years' standing and upwards. There are Officers
of this rank who have been Lieutenants for
twenty years, and who have shared in most, if
not all, the perils and triumphs which the arms
of England encountered and won from the first
conflicts in the Peninsula to the crowning glory
of Waterloo. Surely to have so long neglected
the just claims of men who deserve so well of

their country, reflects discredit somewhere. It
is acknowledged that the English artillery, dur-
ing the course of the last war, improved beyond
all former experience, and that to its admirable
efficiency we are mainly indebted for the decisive
victory which terminated the last war, and gave
the final check to the military genius of Napo-
leon. On that day, so eventfill in the history of
Europe, the conduct of our artillery was beyond
all praise. Never did that department of the
service prove itself, in the critical moment when
the fate of the nation was in the balance, more
dreadfully effective. It annihilated the Old
Guard, who had followed their ambitious Chief
over so many fields of victory, and who, by their
heroic efforts, had been accustomed to turn the
fortune of battle. It is painful to reflect that the
merits of the Officers who performed such great
and splendid service to their country were not
kept in better recollection. To allow a brave
and experienced officer to remain twenty years a
Lieutenant, because he does not happen to have
the patronage of some courtier, or the assistance
of some Parliamentary connection, is equally un-
just to the individual and detrimental to the ser-
vice. When the impression becomes prevalent
that it is not military skill or length of service,
or devoted bravery, that obtains promotion, but
that the honours and emoluments of the service
are to be secured by those dishonest arts and
servile 'accomplishments in which the most igno-
rant and incompetent officers are most likely to
excel, it destroys the greatest stimulus to honour-
able exertion by offering a premium to incapa-
city, and depriving talent of the expectations of
fair reward. We understand that during the
time in which the Duke of Wellington was Mas-
ter-General of the Ordnance, the arrangements of
that department of the service underwent great
improvement, but we are sorry that while his
Grace was reforming the regulations of that de-
partment he overlooked the claims of the class
of officers in question. A tardy act of justice,
however, is better than none, and we do confi-
dently hope that the case of those officers is now
taken into consideration, and that they will re-
ceive, without further delay, that promotion to
which the length and efficiency of their services
so eminently entitle them.—Morning Herald.
During the Assizes just concluded, the recent
Acts for the improvement of the administration
of justice in criminal cases, have been in many
instances, carried into effect. The prisoner is
now, after indictment found, put to the bar, and
simply asked whether he is " guilty" or " not
guilty." On pleading the latter, he is deemed
to have sufficiently put himself on the country for
trial,without further form. The solemn mockery
of holding up his hand, and saying he will
be " tried by God and his country," is no longer
continued. There might be some abstruse
meaning in this answer, while the alternative of
trial by battle was admitted to prove the guilt or
innocence of the accused ; but that mode of de-
cision having lately ceased to be law, as it long
since ceased to be reason—or practice, with one
exception—the words are properly dispensed
with. The prisoner therefore no .v comprehends
the meaning of what, he is required to say, and
the proceedings are not mystified by useless form.
But common sense called for a more material
alteration of the old law—if a prisoner, on being
arraigned, stood obstinately silent, and refused to
plead, his refusal was equivalent to a conviction ;
or if he challenged peremptorily (that is, without
good cause shown) a greater number of jurors
than was allowed by law, the Court was spared
the trouble of a trial, and the prisoner pecnto•ret-.
ced guilty. One of the Acts of the last Session
enables the Court to correct thes" absurdities.—
In the one case the officer of the Court is ordered
to enter the plea of " not guilty," and that plea
so entered, on behalf of the accused, has the
same force as if•actually pleaded by him. In the
other case, the peremptory challenge beyond the
legal number is declared to be void : and in both
cases the trial proceeds. These alterations
in the administration of justice have a most
beneficial effect on the prisoner as well as
on the spectators ; and one is naturally sur-
prised that it was not until the nineteenth
century that the unreasonableness and inhuma-
nity of the former state of the laws was disco-
vered and corrected. It will take some time,
however, before the whole system of our crimi-
nal administration can be matured and perfected.
There are still great defects, which call for im-
mediate remedies ; and the country hopes that
the Right Hon. Gentleman who has so auspi-
ciously commenced and conducted this reform
of our Criminal Code, will not relax in his la-
bours till lie supplies them. Of these defects,
the most striking is the danger and difficulty a
poor but innocent prisoner has to contend with
in defending himself. By the Act 7th Geo. IV.,
chap. 64, the Court is authorised to order pay-
ment of costs and expences to the prosecutor
and his witnesses in all cases of felony, and in
certain cases of misdemeanor. By the same
Act, too, persons who are active in the appre-
hension of offenders are entitled to rewards and
remuneration. The expellees of prosecutions,
both at the Sessions and Assizes, constitute a
very heavy charge on the counties, but neither
the Magistrates nor the people complain of them,
for they find the business more effectively and
more promptly executed. Every one now is
ready enough to come forward to prosecute, find-
ing that without any cost to himself lie has his
attorney and his Counsel fully instructed, at the
expence of the county, to punish the offender.
By this interposition the Judges themselves are
relieved of great labour and great responsibility ;
they can more properly retain the temper,as well
as the dignity of Judges, when they are not
obliged to become parties ; and the county itself
andlosreesgublay these r despatch of
more
quickthan
it
gains
business, by
newly-
added expences. But the unfortunate prisoner
has no similar provision made for his defence.
He has no attorney, no Counsel, unless, which
rarely is the case, he has the means of pay-
ing them ; and though he may get an order
for the attendance of witnesses, they will be
slow to come, as he has no means of Compen-
sating them. With a perfect consciousness of
his innocence, a poor person, under stroll,
6: Sus-
picions of guilt, is thrown into despair by this
difficulty of defending himself against paid pro-
secutors. Many a spotless individual has been
thus endangered, and merely escaped from the
punishment due to guilt, and that too with a
ruined reputation. Would it not, then, be de-
sirable, if possible, to render the same facilities to
the prisoner as to the prosecutor? Is it not to
be supposed that humanity and charity for the
former are as powerful stimulants as prompt pay-
ment and revenge for a supposed injury or insult
to the latter? It may be answered, that the
Judge becomes Counsel for the accused. The
Judge does so in effect, so far as a perusal of the
depositions enables him to cross-examine with
effect : but lie knows not the case the prisoner
might make out, if he had the means or oppor-
tunity of giving instructions. Indeed the usual

suggestion to the prisoner, that " then wag the
time for making his defence," is become a mere
mockery, and might better be spared. The same
reasons exist in every point of view, for afford-
ing the same facilities for the defence as for the
prosecution. The Judge would be relieved from
another great responsibility, could take a more
unbiassed view of the case, could take down the
evidence with more despatch, and could better
arrange his summing up of the evidence. The
Court, the Jury, the Magistrates, and the coun-
try at large, Would gain much in point of time,
if the defence could have been, like the prosecu-
tion, previously arranged ; and what is of more
importance, innocence would be less liable to be
confounded with guilt. But whether this farther
improvement will be made in otir criminal ad-
ministration or not, there is no good reason for
withholding from the accused the depositions
against him, as is now the eustom.—lbid.
A contemporary avails itself of the observations
which we made on Saturday, on the subject of
the Colonies, to express an opinion, that the
principal question for the consideration of the
Government at home is the expence attending
them ; and seems to think that it might be wiser
to relinquish altogether those settlements which
are incapable of paying the expence of their re-
spective establishments. This appears to us a
narrow view of the subject. Ihe question, in
respect of many of the smaller Colonies, is not
what advantage' they do yield to England, but
in what way, were they in the possession of others,
they might be employed to her disadvantage.
We consider it unnecessary to inquire into the

soundness of the maxim, in a moral point o
view, " that every nation ought to live with
its best friends as if they were one day to be its
enemies ;" we are content that it is politically
just. During the last century we have had so
many years of war, that; upon the doctrine of
chances alone, no man would be safe in predict-
ing, at any time, five years of peace to Europe.
When, therefore, it is said of a possession in
the East or the West, " It is an expensive affair
—it would be better to give it up altogether,"
we are entitled to calculate, before we come to
that resolution, what would be the consequence
in the case of a war falling out between England
and France, or England and America, should
either of these Powers seize on the Colony
which we have abandoned—whether, in addition
to the abandonment of territory, which is never
agreeable, even when voluntarily made, it might
net be better to bear the expence than run
the risk of loss consequent on an enemy's
turning the territory that we have given up
into an engine of annoyance. Looking to our Co-
lonies in this view, it is no easy task to say
which are, and which are not, valuable, because
their value is not to be estimated by the direct
revenue which they furnish, nor by the indirect
profits that arise from the commerce maintained
with them, but from their comparative worth also
when used as a shield for our defence, or wielded
as a weapon against us. The argument which
we are here using is not, of course, intended to
militate against any possible reduction of the ex-
pense attended on their maintenance. We are
not of that class of people who imagine that a
good cannot be a good unless it be dearly pur-
chased. Nor do we, in the slightest degree,
object to every Colony's defraying all its own
enlettees—vie wishsincerely this were possible ;
t
but we certainly object to the consequence which
is sought to be drawn, not for the first time, that
he expense alone of a Colony is to determine
,he question of its Jeing retained or abandoned.
New Times.