The Sun.
London, England, 1842-05-24 00:00:00

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hat society has retrovaded concerning it. On the
contrary; society has made on this point prodigious
advances, and whatever may be the case with the
Legislature, has gone ahead even of Dr. SMITH. At
the same time, it is apparent that the strict verbal
Ipgic of MILL, the arithmetical precision and pro-
portions of litcAuno, and the mere statistics of Mr.
41`Cum,ocu have degraded the noble social science,
to which SMITH, be it remarked, gave a more signifi-
cult name than political economy, to the level of their
own much humbler pursuits. He is a contemplative
philosopher who essays, however short coming may
be his efforts, to grasp the whole phenomena of so-
ciety, and detect the natural laws: which determine 'its
progress and its welfare; they are engaged with a
pedantic verbal logic, which never gets beyond its
assumptions, with the calculations of a loan contract°
who can see nothing but a balance of profit and loss,
and with masses of details, which bury the under-
standing under a load of profitable books. In his
hands, therefore, the science of national wealth was a
guide to nations ; in theirs, it seems degraded into the
handmaid of political tricksters, and would-be despcts.

We regret to see by letters from Hamburgh, that
he: MAJESTY'S subscription for that devoted city,
which is strictly a personal subscription, and comes
from her privy purse, is spoken of slightingly and dis
para:;ingly. It is compared to the more magnificent
Subscription of the Emperor of Russia of 9,0001., and
regarded, therefore, as unworthy of iSngland's
QUEEN. We must remind the inhabitants of thin-
burgh that the Emperor of RUSSIA'S gift is as the,
head of the Government, that of her MAJESTY is a'
gift from a private person. The British Government
can give nothing but by a vote of Parliament, and,
in the present condition of our own people,
that is not to be recommended. The EMPRROR needs
no such sanction. The great distinction, therefore,
between the two sums is that the 9,0001. sent by the
Russian ENII,EROII, is the gift of the Governmen( of
Russia—her MAJESTY'S gift is. that of a private, but
exalted, person.

Let us further observe, that Russia will probably
not contribute much more by its tneichantis and
citizens, while England has already subscribed not
less than twenty thousand pounds, and probably
double, or perhaps five times that amount will be
collected. We trust that by tWb few remarks we
have placed her ...11AJES.TY'S subscription, as compared
to that of the Emperor of Russia, in a proper light
before the citizens of Hamburgh. Her MAJESTY, in-
stead of disapprobation, deserves great praise for her
prompt and spontaneous contribution.

However dark the doings, under the illegal operation
of the truck system, which Mr. FERRAND'S Committee
may bring to light, they will not tell stronger against
the manufacturers that the Report of the Commissioners
of Inquiry, as to the condition of the poor people in the
mining districts, does againSt the great landed aristocracy
The very opening of this huge record of aristocratical op-
pression is enough to make .any man shudder whose
heart avarice or dissipation has not ossified. Turn
which way we may, there is not a ray of hope to comfort
us in wading throught this terrific folio. We find old and
young, married and single, male and female, indifferently
in these districts,—without education, without religion,
without morals, without even a knowledge of the exist-
ence of Gov, or a belief in a future state, toiling like
beasts, and revelling every leisure hour in the grossest
sensuality. While the children of Lord LONDONDERRY
and Lord LONsDALE have troops of menials to wait upon
and caress them, while they are provided with horses for
exercise and amusement, and the ornaments of the Uni-
versities for their instruction, mark how the child
of the poor collier upon their estates is " dragged"
up to a precocious manhood. What say the agricultural .
abhorrers of manufacturing tyranny ,to the following
graphic description of the life of the little " Trapper',"
which we extract from 1)r. MITCHELL'S Report ? The
child has been three years at cork, be it remembered,
for his father carried him to the mine at fiveyears old.—
The little trapper of eight years of age lies quiet in bed.
The labours of the preceding day had procured sleep. It is
now between two and three in the morning, and hi; mother
shakes him, and desires him to rise, and tells him that
his father has an hour ago gone off to the pit.
Instant he . starts into conscious existence. He terns
on his side, rubs his eyes, and gets up, and coulee to
the blazing fire, and puts on his clothes. His coffee,
such as it is, stands by the side of the fire, and bread is laid
down for him. The fortnight is now well advanced, themonoy
all spent, and butter, bacon, and other luxurious aecompani-
ments of bread are not to be had at breakfast
till next pay-day supplies the means. He then fills his
tin bottle with coffee, ate 4 takes a lump of bread, and Lets
out for the pit, into 'which lie goes down in the cage,
and walking along the horseway for upwards of a mile, lie
reaches the barrow-way, over which the young men and boys
push the trams with the tubs on rails to the flats, where the
barrow-way and horse-way meet, and where the tubs are
transferred to rolleys, or carriages drawn by horses. He
knows his place of work. It is inside one of the doors
called trap-doors, which is in the barrow-way, for
the purpose of forcing the stream of air, which
passes in its long, many-nailed course from the down shift
to the up-shaft of the pit ; but which door must be opened
whenever men or boys, with or without carriages, may wish to
size of a common tire-place, and with the str.ng in his hand ;
and all his work is to pull that string when he has to open
the door, and when man or boy has passed through,
then to allow the door to shut of itself. here it
it is his duty to- sit, and be attentive, and pull his
string promptly as any one approaches. He may not stir above
a dozen steps with safety from his charge, lest he should be
found neglecting his duty, and suffer for the same. He sift
solitary by himself; and has no one to talk to him ;- for in the
pit the whole of the people, men and boys, are as busy as if .
they were in a sea-fight. He, however, sees every
now and then the putters urging forward their
trams through his gate, and derives some cons.2jati74
from the glimmer of the little candle of about forty to
the pound, which is fixed on their trams. For he himself
has no light. His hours, except at such .times. are passed
in total darkrie,s. Fo. the first week of his service in
the pit his father had allowed him candles to light one
after another, but the expense of throe halfpence a-day
was so extravagant an expenditure out of tenpence, the
boy's daily wages, that his father. of course, is ithdrevr
the allowance the second week, all except one or two candle,
in the morning, and the week after the allowance was alto-
gether taken away ; and now, except a neighbour kinder than
his father now and then drop him a candle as he passes,
the boy has no light of his own. Thus hour after
hour passes away, but what are hours to him, seated
in darkness in the bowels of the earth? He knows
nothing of the ascending or descending sun. Hunger.
however, though silent and unseen, acts upon him, and he he-
takes to his bottle of coffee and slice of bread ; and, it desirous,
he may have the luxury of softening it in a portion of the water
in the pit, which is brought for man and boast. In this state
of sepulchral existence an insidious enemy gains upon him.
His eyes ate shut, and his ears fail to announce the approach of
a tram. A'deputy overman comes along, and a smart cut of his
yard-wand at once 'punishes the culprit, and recalls him to hie-
duty ; and happy was it for him that he fell into the hands of
the deputy overman, rather than one of the putters ; for his
fist would have inflicted a severer pain. The deputy overman,
moreover, consoles him by telling him it was for his.
good that lie had punished him ; and reminds him of
boys, well known to both, who, when asleep, had
fallen down, and some had been severely wounded,
and others killed. The little trapper believes that he is to
blame, and makes no complaint, for he dreads being dis-
charged; and he knoWs that his discharge would be attended
with the loss of wages, and bring upon him the indigna-
tion of his father, more terrible to endure than the MI o -
rnentary vengeance of the deputy and the putters all
taken together. Such is the day-work of th. little trap-
per in the barrow-way. At last the joyful sound of " Loose,
loose," reaches his ears. The news of its being four o'clock,
and of the order Loose, loose," having been shouted down

the shaft, is,, by systematic Irrangement, sent fdr many miles
in all ditections, round the farthest extremities of the pit. Thu
trapper waits till the last putter passes with his tram, and then
he follows, and purues his journey to the foot of the shaft, and
takes an opportunity of getting into the cage and going up
when he can.

SPITALFIELDS BALL—The splendour of the last
ball fot the Spitalfields weavers at the Italian Opera House, in
1837, will be well remembered by all who witnessed it. The
forthcoming ball *ill, however, it is expected, far-exceed the
former in the decorations of the house, as well as in the bril-
liancy of the compaey, and, being under the highest patronage,
will, no doubt, be the most brilliant assembly during the season.
The interior of the house will be greatly altered for the occa-
sion; the pit will he flurried over level with the stage. 'the
box entrance, we believe, will be open as usual, with the addi-
tion of the private entrance used by her Alajesty. The prin- ,
cipal entrance, however, will be nearest Pall-mall, where a new
entrance, with wide staircase, will be made expressly for the
occasion. The side scenes will be cleared away entirely from
the stage, which will be hung all round. with rick drapery ;
and a range of Corinthian columns, in white and gold, across
the hack of the stage, will be introduced, in the centre of
which will be a trophy of armour, &c., and Men in armour en
each side. Devices, also in armour, flags, &c., will decorate
the columns. On each side of the stage the red curtains at
present in the front of the boxes will be removed, and replaced
by a profusion of various-coloured satins in festoons, tastedelly
interwoven with each other, and trimmed with gold-co'oured
fringe, with gilt drops. White and gold-fluted columns will
be placed in front of the partition round each tier of bout,
each column surmounted with a crown connected with the dra.
peries ; between the columns each festoon will pats through a
gold laurel wreath. A splendid pavilion is erecting for the
Queen, which will occupy the centre of the house, sad reach
nearly up to the gallery, surmounted by the royal arms; the
curtains and linings are to be of crimson silk velvet,' lined with
satin and trimmed with gold lace. Three glass chandeliers are '
to be suspended in the box; and, in additiontotaltelrs from
the ceiling.
chandeliere
inthe
house, there will be sere,' other large gas chandeliers
SALE or THE EARL OF CHESTERFIELD'S ITEM-
ttcc
STUD.—The announced sale of Lord Chesterfield's cele-
brated stud of hunters and hacks attracted a crowded attend-
ance at Tatter:33ll's yard, at Hyde Park-corner, vererclay. The
Marquess of Clanricarde, Sir Henry Peyton, Sir John Gerard,
and the Hon'. Captain Macdonald, were amongst the bidders.
The principal lots fetched the sobjoined prices :—Douglas, 100
guineas ; Waterloo, 100 ditto; Cockade, 100 ditto (this herse
had met with a trifling accident the same morning lty slipping) ;
Isaac of York, 100 ditto; Water Witch, 61 ditto; St. Percy, 76
ditto ; Scotchman, 25 ditto; Brownie, 54 ditto; Park-keeper, 190
ditto; Juliet, 26 ditto; Queen of Scots, 80 dittn; Charley, 43 •
dttto; Friend Ned, 59 ditto ; Lovely Rosa, 87 ditto. The re-
mainder of the Noble Earl's stud will be sold at Bretby Park
early in September.
The Earl and Countess of Brownlow and the Ladies
Cost have arrived in town from Leamington SEa, where they
had been sojourning sinoe their-departure from "fortittaY•

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THE LATE FIRE AT lIAMBURGH.
The mail-packet Caledonia, Captain Cheesman,.
arrived at Blackwall on Sunday, with the Hanaburgh
Mail. The'following letter from our correspondent
came by this conveyance :
"Hamburgh, Friday, May 20.
"No doubt, from the short intervals between the
arrivals of the packets from Hamburgh, and the suc-
cessive communications therefrom, the subject of the
fire at' our city is almost exhausted with you ; but
whatever it may be on your side of the water there is
food enough for years of reflection on this, seeing
that, in comparatively a moment of time, the fruits of
ages of industry, and the successes of years of pros-
perity, have been entirely swept away.
" Since my last, we have received many large do.
nations from foreign countries.- His Majesty of
Russia has sent us 80,000 marks banco ; and it is said
the King of Saxony has subscribed 1,600 louis d'ors,
for the, purchase of stone and timber for our new
buildings. The King of Wurtemburg has contri-
buted from his private purse 10,000 florins ; and of
moneys collected, I may mention, that at Stutgard
5,406 marks banco were obtained on the 15th inst.,
and at Frankfort 1,000 florins were subscribed by
a3me of the banking establishments, in addition to
5,000 from Rothschild. Also, it is said, that at
Frankfort and other places the ladies are about to
establish bazaars, and transmit the proceeds for the
relief of the sufferers at this place.
" The ruins of St. Peter's Church were blown up
this morning : I hear some soldiers were slightly in-
jured in the operation.' The rebuilding has already
commenced in various parts of the city ; but tempo-
rary shops and stores are already occupied, and by the
advances of money made to the tenants by the com-
mittee of supplies, many are stocked and doing some

1 us ness. -
"In the designs for the new public buildings,
streets, &c. the utmost precautions are to be taken to
prevent such another terrible catastrophe as this, and
it is sincerely hoped .that our Senate will, at the
earliest opportunity, apply themselves to the task of
providing some more effective means than they have
laherto possessed for tho extinction of fire."

HAMBURGH. MAY 20.—The money market has been
easier to-day than it has yet been since the fire, discount
without difficulty at four per cent. Regular business has also
been, for the first time, transacted in colonial produce to a
limited extent, chiefly in coffee and sugar. While lam happy
to be able to add that a more quieting impression has prevailed
to-day on Exchange, through the fact that up to this day, not
only no commercial failures have taken place, but there is no
instance known of any merchant having failed to meet punctu-
ally his engagements. such a fact, after such a disaster, tells most
fasourabli, of the commercial prudence and stability which be-
longs to the dealings of the Hamburgh merchants, and must, as
it deserves, have a very favourable effect on the London Ex-
change.
I have the more satisfaction in the stating of these circum-
stances from what I can announce to you of the intentions of
the Senate. From the first I informed you they would make a
loan, and this I can now add will be done preferably in the
London market, as soon ai, all the arrangements of the Go-
vernment having been made, they shall have summoned the
Burgherskaft to sanction their resolves, and pass the requisite
Bill Co legalise tiaeir being casried into execution. Already
have the Senate been led to raise a loan in this their own town,
and the sister ones of Bremen and Lubeck, the amount of
which they have limited to 50,000,000 of mares, and towards
which there has been the most ready subscription. This mea-
sure was originally a secret one, it being unconstitutional, and
done by the governing body on their own responsibility.
The Senate are labouring under many apprehensions, past,
present, and to come. They dread to meet the Burghershaft,
expecting to be dlal-10 task fur the inefficiency and timidity
of their first measures.
On meeting the Burghershaft, the Senate have also the dread
of their demanding what they consider too much. It is sup-
posod that the general feeling will incline strongly to the town
bearing the whole of the losses, but the Senate, with what they
have before thorn, are anything but satisfied that such a large
loan as this would require could be undertaken consistently
with the general prosperity. In the first place they will have
to purchase the ground of the whole consumed part of the
town,: and on this to erect not only the requisite public buildings,
but private dwellings and warehouses. By the plan submitted
to the Senate by Sir. Lindley, scarce a single street will be re-
stored, the whole ruins must be swept away, and a fitting town
on a new plan, suitable to the interests and convenience of the
times, be raised in its stead. Independent of the immensity of
the charge and responsibility on the governing body, should
.they propose this plan and the Burghershat concur in it, they
labour under the dread of overbuilding—that is their houses
standing, from the cost price or rent, unsold. There is the
remedy of portioning out the whole town, the building of part
by the Senate, and allowing the rest to be constructed by in-
dividual enterprise.
have mentioned these fluctuations and difficulties as they
exist in high quarters, as evincing to the English mercantile
world that there is far more likely to be an underborrowing
from present irresolution or timidity to attempt all that is re-
quisite, than there is a likelihood of an embarrassment to the
State by an over demand of the needful funds by way of loan.
Since my last, great facilities have been given to discounts,
a fund having been established for that purpose. The house
of Heine has engaged itself in the most liberal manner for
300,000 mares banco. The Royal Prussian See-Handlung
(or M..rine Society), a pet establishment of the present King,
has likewite contributed to the general facilities by an advance
of 25,100 rix dollars. While since the previous English mail,
and specially this day, money having, from the remittances
brought, become more plentiful, a greater ease is felt.
I must continue to invite subscriptions from England. The
ourer classes are well attended to, and the greatest interest
roughout all Germany is evinced more and more by the in-
selligeace each courier 'brings of sympathy, and what is better,
of subscriptions mooted and raised. So plentiful a stock of
provisions has been sent here on all sides—cheese, bacon, hams,
&c.—that the great hemp store-house on the Elbe is overbur-
dened si ith it, and as thee, if kept, must become uneatable, to-
morrow a public sale takes place of the greater part, the pro-
ceed* to be carried to the fund.
The subscription of her Majesty, announced here to-day, is
unfortunate ; it has not equalled expectation, notwithstanding
the distresses of her own people, but of this I may be able to
say morosiii.roy next. I say the Queen of England's subscrip-
ton is an unfortunate one, not simply in its amount of 2001.
but re reaching this the re,..0 that or an poroz or
Raisia, to which it is no fair contrast ; the Autocrat has sent
50,000 silver roubles, which, if I mistake not, is some-
where about 9,0001.

SUMS REALIZED BY THE SALE
OF SIR HOR.A,CE WALPOLE'S STRAWBERRY
HILL EFFECTS.

The sale of the Strawberry Hill effects, which com-
menced on Wednesday, the 4th of May, and concluded
on Saturday last, having occupied Mr. Robins in their
disposal a space of twenty-four days, produced, as nearly
as we are enabled to draw up from rough results of each
day's realization, the subjoined amounts, which pro-
bably, on a more accurate calculation, will be found to
have drawn a much larger sum of money:—
May 4 and 5. The Walpole Cabinet of Coins
and Medals, was sold on these 'two days, and
brought in, together, the sum 0f....
May 6. Enamels, Miniatures, Sevres China,
and Plate, about
May 7. China and Crockery, of various orders 7OO
May 9. Miniatures,- Gems, Snuff-box., Relics, &c 1,300
May 10. Portraits of distinguished persons • 9OO
May 11. Antieeilies of the Middleton Collec,
tom, consisting of Gems, Missals, and Benve-
nuto Cellini's Silver Bell .. 2,160
May 12. 'This day's sale comprised the Decora-
tive Furniture, with the rare eld Raphael or
Faenza Ware, and other relics 1,167
May 13. Chiefly the contents of Sir Horace
Walpole's china closet the round waiting- •
room, Lady Diana Beauclerc's closet; bronzes,
and furniture of the library ; also of the Hol-
bein chamber, star-chamber, waiting•room,
stair case, and entrance-hall
May 14. This day's sale consisted of the effects
of the china-room, with the pictures, drawings,
and models of the green closet—there were
few articles of note B5
May 16. The valuables in the round tower, the
refectory, the entrance, and the armoury 1,272
May 17. The Portraits of the library, the Hol-
bein chamber, and the great north bed-
chamber
May 18. Sale of paintings continued
May 19. Sale of paintings continued
May 20. The Antique Furniture of Horace
Walpole's dressing-room, circular drawing-
room, the long gallery, &c
May 21. Saturday, last day's sali

2,452
4,927
67.3

2,930
850

Total £22,682
prom the above total it appears that on an off-hand
estimate upwards of 22,000/. have been amassed by the
products of the sale of these sedulously-collected articles
of rare vertu. We have no doubt that stating 30,0001.
as the given sum, would bring it nearer to the mark.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THE EvEmixo PAPER'S OF YESTERDAY.

GLOBE.—It is impossible to read the debates in
'the French Chamber of Deputies upon the question
of the Right of Search, and the opinions which those
discussions have elicited from the Parisian press, with-
out perceiving that the unmeaning clamour against
this country, which is rife amongst a great portion of
the people of France, may eventually prove too
strong for the good sense and moderation of its
Minister. It has been proved by Mons. Guizot
that France has hitherto had almost an
equal share with England in carrying to
its present stage the treaty that. has
_now
become the subject of dispute ; and the speech of
the French Minister is admitted even by the National
to have obtained "considerable success," which could
only have been the consequence of the strength ofs.
its facts, and the convincing nature of its arguments.
M. Guizot proved incontestihly that France and
England had for some time proceeded almost pari
passe towards the completion of the treaty, and that
the Ambassador of the former Power acted in per-
fect concert with the Minister of the latter.
It is now pretended that the French Government
was not bound by the acts of its representative
at the British Court ; but it has been clearly shown
that three successive Ministries were aware of what
was going on, and took no steps whatever towards re-
pudiating the act of their agent. Nothing could
have been easier than that M. Sehastiani should have
been at once instructed to refrain from proceeding
is the arvangements he was entering into with the Bri-
tish Government; but he was allowed to go on—commu-
nicating every step he took to the Cabinet of France—
without receiving any indication of the latter's disap-
proval of the engagements into which he was entering.
The distance between London and Paris is not so
great, nor was the affair so immediately pressing, as
to have called for such precipitancy as to furnish a
pretext to France to shield itself under the alleg-a-

Lion of a want of sufficient communication between
the French Ambassador and his aovernment. It will
be really impossible to deal in diplomatic matters with
countries whoSe accredited agents are liable to have
their acts disowned, whenever the passion or preju-
dice of the people may prevent the Government from
fulfilling the moral obligations to which it has ren-
dered itself liable.

StANDARb.—The publication of the Report
on the state of mines is of incalculable value, and we
should be the last to depreciate its value ; but allow-
ing all praise to the Report as far as it goes, we may
be permitted to regret that it does not go the whole
length of reporting upon all the mines of Great Bri-
tain. The ill effect of this deficiency is of more im-
portance than at first sight appears. The Report, as
far as it goes, presents, with little variety, a mass
of unmixed cruelty--and suffering; it is only inci-
dentally we find, as in the case of the Duke of
Buccleuch's collieries from which women are
excluded, any traces of humanity—of care for the
physical or moral condition of the collieries. Now
this a sort of induction, leading to the dreary con-
clusion that mining and humanity are' incompatible,
forcing to the shocking alternative of abandoning
what constitutes a chief source of the wealth Of the
country, or forgetting our duty as men and Christians.
Although there can be no doubt which branch of this
alternative ought to be chosen, w ere it indeed
peremptory, it is to be feared that the right choice
would not be made by any promiscuous com-
munity that exist, or that ever did exist.
The duties of humanity and religion would be forgot-
ten, when the effect of remembering them must be so
great a sacrifice as that of the whole mineral wealth
of Great Britain. It is, therefore, a subject of regret
that the general tenour of 'the Mining Report is so
universally gloomy as to create an impression that
reform is almost desperate. Despair is, however,
a bad counsellor ; and he is, therefore, of all the-
agents of the enemy of mankind, the most frequent
and active adviser. But good and vigorous-minded
men never listen to despair, and they will eagerly
seize upon any rational ground of hope upon
which to fight the battle of their Master and
their fellow-creatures. Looking • at the facts dis-
closed, as to the physicial condition, the quality of
the labour, and the social circumstances of miners, it
is impossible to see any reason why they should be in
so much worse a state than their fellow-citizens over-
ground, if it be not that they are hidden from the ob-
servation of the world, and thus deprived of the pro-
tection of the grand inquisitor and sole guardian of the
weak—public opinion. The Mining Report has done
, much to bring the mines within the jurisdiction of this
benign guardian ; but it has not, as we have reason to
believe it might do, furnished the remedy, as well as
exposing the injury to which humanity is subjected.