The Sun.
London, England, 1827-08-23 00:00:00

SEWELL V. LORD.

This was an action brought by the plaintiff, who is a
tailor at Edinburgh, to recover from the defendant, a West
Indian, a young man of fashion and good family, and who
had been sent to complete his studies at the Univerlity,
the amount of a bill for clothes. The defendant had
pleaded his infancy, to which the plaintiff• had replied that
the articles furnished were necessary.
James Gilbert, foreman to the plaintiff, said that the
goods supplied were pantaloons, trousers, and waistcoats,
which amounted to 101.

Mr. POLLOCK thought Scotland was the last place in the
world where trousers and breeches would be considered
necessary.—(A laugh.)
The Jury found for the plaintiff, damages 101.

Elizabeth Chambers, aged 25, was indicted for stealing
a fine little boy, aged two years, the son of Thomas
Holliday, a farmer, residing at Rackliff, in this county.
Thomas Holliday, the father of the child, proved finding
the child in the possession of the prisoner, at a house of the
worst character, in Jolly's-buildings, Carlisle.
The prisoner said she found the child straying, and took
it up to take care of it.— Guilty.

'Wirinson, AuG. 22.—Yesterday afternoon,
at a quarter before before eight o'clock, the KING, accom-
panied by the Lord Steward in his travelling carriage, ar-
rived at the Royal Lodge from St. James's Palace. On
his AlAJEstv's arrival dinner was immediately served up,
which he partook of with a good appetite, having had no
refreshment from his breakfast hour at nine o'clock until
dinner. His MAJESTY takes very little wine at dinner,
and rises early from the table, after which he takes a cup
of coffee.—Yesterday forenoon his MAJESTY left the Royal
Lodge without any military escort. On arriving at
Hounslow, where a fresh relay of carriage horses, together
with saddle horses for the outriders, were stationed, were
also a party of the 12th Lancers, who escorted his MA-
JESTY. to St. James's Palace. A fresh party of the same
regiment escorted the KING on his return from St. James's
Palace, as far as Hounslow, where his MasEsTr dispensed
with their further services, and proceeded to the Royal
Lodge with his usual retinue of outriders.—This afternoon
the Queen of WURTEMBERG art her Royal Highness
Princess AUGUSTA arrived at Frogmore Lodge, from
Bushy Park, where they had been on a visit to their Royal
Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of CLARENCE. Orders
.were issued this forenoon for his MAJESTY'S attendants
and phaetons to be in readiness at the usual hour in the
afternoon.

DUKE OF CLARENCE'S BIRTH DAY.—The
Mess of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen at Arms to
his MAJESTY gave a grand dinner at the Freemason's
Tavern, on Tuesday, in honour of the Birth day of hi
Royal Highneis the Duke of CLARENCE. The whole of
the Royal Duke's tradespeople illuminated their houses in
Vie evening.

A Cabinet Council was held yesterday after-
noon, at the Foreign Office, in Downing-street,' which was
attended by the LORD CHANCELLOR, the Marquis of
LorsnowNE, the Earl of CARLISLE, Viscount GODERICH,
Viscount PALMERSTON, Mr. WYNN, Mr. TIERNEY, and
Lord BEXLEY. The Ministers met soon after one o'clock,
and sat in deliberation for near three hours.

The Duke of PORTLAND, after attending the
King's Court on Tuesday afternoon, left town for his seat
at Welbeck, Nottinghamshire.

The Duke of MANCHESTER (the Governor
of Jamaica) transacted business yesterday at the Colonial
Office.

A messenger was dispatched on Tuesday
night by the Big ht Hon. CHARLES GRANT, the Vice-
President of the Board of Trade, to Mr. HusxissoN. The
messenger had orders to proceed to Paris.
Despatches were sent off yesterday evening
from the Colonial Office to Sir FREDERICK ADAM, the
Lord High Commissioner of the lonian Islands.

THE DUKE OF WELLINGTON.—His Grace
arrived in town on Monday last from Windsor, having
previously been on a shooting excursion in Northatupton-
shire. The Duke left town on Tuesday night for Leeds,
where he will remain until the Doncaster Races are over.

TUNBRIDGE WELLS, AUG. 22.—This plea-
suit little place is exceedingly gay and full of company._
Besides Prince LEOPOLD and the Duchess of KENT, it is
expected the Duke of Sussex will also visit the place, and
the inhabitants are in consequence not a little delighted.—
On Friday there was a public dinner at the principal hotel,
to celebrate the birth-day of the Duchess of KENT, and in
the evening the town was illuminated. The Duchess of
KENT,. with the Princesses VicroarA. and FEODORE, and
the Royal suite, take daily exercise, and are every when
received with marks of unbounded respect.
THE ADMIRALTY.—The exterior of the Ad-
miralty is greatly improved. The sculpture on each sid«
the archway, which is a good specimen of art, has beet
long concealed front public observation by a covering 01
smoke and dirt.

VAUXHALL GARDENS.—The birth-day of
the Duke of Clarence was last evening celebrated with
great magnificence at Vauxhall, and the attraction of tlic
gala di ew together a very large assemblage of visitors.
The following has been communicated to us, and
we have reason to believe it is correct ;-IVlr. CANNING,
whilst residing here, used, frequently to sit for many hours
absorbed in the deepest reflection. He has been known
several times to sit with his bead leaning on his hand, ane,
his elbow resting on the table, thus ruminating for up-
wards of five hours, without either eating, drinking, ni
speaking, and it was an established nil. with his servant,
when be was thus intently occupied, never on any account
to speak to him, unless be held up his bead,--Brighton
Parer,

CONSTANTINE, GRAND DUKE OF

POLAND, AND THE JEW.

The following singular story, which was cur-
rant amongst the English resident*in St. Peters-
burgh, at the time of the coronation of the pre-
sent Emperor of Russia, has been narrated to us
by a person newly arrived from that part of the
Continent. In the early part of the year 1826,
an English gentleman, from Akmetcht in the
Crimea, having occasion to travel to France on
business of importance, directed his course by
way of Warsaw. in Poland. About an hour
after his arrival in that city, he quitted the tavern
in which he had been taking refreshment to
take a walk through the streets. While saun-
tering in front of one of the public buildings, he
met with an elderly gentlemah of grave aspect
and courteous demeanour. . After a mutual ex-
change of civilities, they got into conversation ;
during which, with the characteristic frankness
of an Englishman, he told the stranger who he
was, where from, and whither he. was going.
The other, in the most friendly manner, invited
him to share the hospitalities of his house till
such time as he found it convenient to resume
his journey ; adding with a smile, that it was not
improbable but he might visit the Crimea him-
self in the course of that year, when, perhaps, he
might require a similar return. The invitation
was accepted, and he was conducted to a splen•
did mansion—elegant without, and rich and
commodious within. Unbounded liberality on
the part of the Pole, produced unbounded con-
fidence on the part of the Englishthan. The.
latter had a small box of jewels of great value,
which he had carried about his person from the
time of his leaving home ; but finding that
mode of conveyance both hazardous and in-
convenient in a town, he requested his muni-
ficent host to deposit it in a place of secu-
rity till he should be ready to go away. At the
expiry of three days he prepared for his depar-
ture, and on asking for his box, how was he
amazed when the old gentleman, with a counte-
nance exhibiting the utmost surprise, replied,—
" What box? "Why, the small box of jewels
I gave you to keep for me !" " My dear Sir,
you must surely be mistaken, I really never saw
nor heard of such a box." The Englishman was
petrified. After recovering himself a little, he
requested that he would call his wife, she having
been present when he received it. She came,
and on being questioned, answered in exact unison
with her husband—expressed the same surprise ;
and benevolently endeavoured to persuade her
distracted giiest that it was a mere hallucination.
With mingled feelings of horror, astonishment,
and despair, he walked out of the house and
went to the tavern at which he had put up on
his arrival in Warsaw. There be related his
mysterious story, and learned that his iniquitous
host was the richest Jew in Poland. He was
advised without delay to state the case to the
Grand Duke, who fortunately happened at that
time to be in Warsaw. He accordingly waited
on him, and with little ceremony was admitted
iihnigs
astonishment--told
an audience. He briefly laid down his case,
and Constantine " with a greedy ear devoured up
ahwitsdiseoiurise."told him Constantinehe kw
e the expressed
Jew,
i lav
had extensive money transactions with him—that
he had always been respectable, and of an un-
blemished character. However, he added,
will use every legitimate means to unveil
the mystery. So saying, he called on some
gentlemen who were to dine with him that
day, and dispatched a messenger with a nci
to the Jew, requesting his presence. Aaron
obeyed the summons. " Have you no recollec-
tion of having received a box of jewels from the
hand of this gentleman ?" said the Duke.
" Never, my Lord," was the reply. " Strange,
indeed." " Are you perfectly conscious," turn-
ing to the Englishman, ". that you gave the box
as stated ?" " Quite certain, my. Lord." Then
addressing himself to the Jew—" This a very
singular case, and I feel it my duty to use very
singular means to ascertain the truth—is your
wife at home?" " Yes, my Lord." " Then
terms
bydicta is dictate."—
dis-
covered (continued Constantine) here is a sheet of paper,
and here is a pen, proceed to write a note to
ySooulormwoifne)iTcomsumclein
Aaron lifted the pen. " Now, (said this second
assa All
covered ! There is no resource left but to deliver
up the box. I have owned the fact in thepre-
sence of the Grand Duke."' A tremour.shook
the frame of the Israelite, and the,pen dropt from
his fingers. But instantly recovering himself, he
exclaimed, ." That is impossible, my . Lord.
That would be directly implicating myself." " I
give you my word of honour (said. Constantine)
in presence of every one in the room, that .'what
you .write shall never be used as an instrument
against you, farther than the effect it produces
on your wife. If you are innocent you have
nothing to fear ; but if you persist in not writing
it, I will hold it as a proof of your guilt."—With
a trembling hand, the terrified Jew wrote out the
note, folded it up, and as he was desired, sealed
it with his own signet. Two officers were die-
patched with it to his house, and when Sarah
glanced ever the contents, she swooned and sunk
to the ground. The box was delivered up,
and restored to its owner; and the Jew suffered
the punishment his villainy deserved. He wag
sent to Siberia.—Scotsman.

It was discovered, a few days since, by the
activity of Mr. Neale, the Governor of the Convict Prison,
that the convicts now under sentence of " Death Recorded,'
with others, in number 19, were organizing a plan for
escape, in which, if opposed, the spilling of blood was not
to be an obstacle. Among these are the Argenta, from
Halsted ; but the principal aetor is a man who once bad
escaped from Ipswich gaol, and who has frequently declared
that he will lose no opportunity to regain his liberty, which,
had he used as much honest industry to preserve, had
never been lost. It has been reported that Perry was one
; this we
coafnthaseseprrtintcoipbael
fualsetoliEn
stshexis
iitpreorjaeucte.d escape

THE NEW PALACE.—The exterior of this
edifice is nearly completed, and certainly pre_
cents,
tthnoajue sit: c.
The central colonnade is not without
scuts, when viewed appear-
ance.wih,oifcrhopirliott,trivasdssifunlringenNovditlildligltse,di,vileonrgrandeur, though its effect is not augmented by
rather narrow at
otliely
the two little square elevations between which
beets
tutabtrdokoinene
inis piltasc elde.ngtr-lh Had
dth e
height,whol tfirloen tehwe
et
0) u lvdseimleehwgaaleavl
di eidt dome
eeTnfrbholynenot As it is, it is,
also
their termination, produce though
agreeable impres-
sion ; but when seen sideways,
Park or Piccadilly, they
are mean from the Green
y
in the ex-
treme, if not deformity itself. They only pre-
sent then a series of detached tenements of
unequal height and irregular
shape, without har-
mony or even meaning, which give
the outbuilding of a citizen's'
" box," on any of
the metropolitan roads, rather
pendage§ 19 a Palace.

SPIRIT OF_THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

Without undertaking to pronounce what may
be the actual :state of the relations between the
new Cabinet and the Sovereign, we may be per-
mitted to draw a; few inferences from what is
known' to the whole world. It is notorious, then,
to all who have been even careless observers. of
the events of the last five months, that the
Whigs,—who, with. Lord. Lansdowne • at their
_head, rallied round the King and the Minister.;
of his choice, at a moment when an unprincipled
faction endeavoured to subvert the just privileges
of the Sovereign,—neither at the time of their
junction, nor ever since, have exhibited the
slightest symptoms of selfish motives, or of per-
sonal ambition. They joined the Minister,
whose principles, both of domestic and foreign
policy, coincided for the most part with their
own. So far were they from evincing any
anxiety for place or patronage, that it was not
till after the repeated and most urgent requests
of Mr. Canning, that they consented, by the ac-
ceptance and responsibility of office, to identify
themselves with that system which they had long
and disinterestedly, while -out of office, support-
ed. When that calamitous event, the death of
Mr. Canning, presented to the King a new op-
portunity of choOSing a Minister, the Whigs
scrupulously ebstained frOm preferring any
claims,—from offering any suggestion which
could for an instant embarass the Royal will in
the exercise of an undoubted prerogative. They
cordially assented to their Sovereign's choice :
they cheerfully obeyed their Sovereign, because
the obedience required of them was constitutional,
both in form and character, and because they
had no personal objects which could for a mo-
ment blind them to a sense of their public
duty. Such having been the notorious conduct
Of the Whigs, we are—though Without any po-
sitive knOwledge as to the truth of the various
rumours in circulation—warranted in inferring
that such men, would not take any step calcu-
lated to impede the course of public business,
except on the highest
,grounds of honour' arid
principle ; that no unworthy pique nor disap-
pointed ambition ,would'make them relax their
efforts for the public good; that"nothing, in
fact, short of a conviction that they. no longer
possessed that share of influence over the deter-
minations of the Sovereign Without which no
Ministers can advantageously conduct the affairs
of the State—without which no honeit man can
consent to keep possession, of high and respon-
sible office—could induce. them to entertain any
intention of retiring from the posts assigned to
them. If, indeed, any circumstances have oc-
curred, calculated or intended to degrade them
in popular estimation, and to weaken, or rather
extinguish, their means of contributing to the
Imam' that service to render which was the sole
object of their accession to the King's Govern.
ment, then, indeed, the whole kingdom,would
applaud the virtuous and generous motives of
their retreat, and see in it another proof of that
honourable and upright feeling which dictated
their acceptance of power, and has directed them
during their possession of it.—We again assert,
that, these are mere general inferences drawn from
the public conduct of the Whigs who joined
Mr. Canning. We do not pretend to know
whether the rumours afloat have any foundation ;
a few days will of course discover the. truth.
Meantime, we have reason to believe, that until
the return of Mr. lluskisson, nothing will be
definitively, settled.—Times.
We profess ourselves unable to understand
with what view Chief Justice Best stated the
proportion which the literate convicts bore to the
illiterate. " Education," he says, " has not
produced the effects which were anticipated.
We once fondly imagined, that if we educated;
the poor in the principles of religion we shouldi
prevent crime. The Report of a Committee of!
the House of Commons shows that we have been!
mistaken. The scheme of public education has:'
now been twenty years in operation. In thati
period our population has increased one-thirds
while the increase of crime is fourfold. In say-i
ing this I would not be thought to discourage]
the education of the poor—far from it. Yet then
effects of education are various. Education!
makes the mind of man more susceptible to im-,
-pressions both of a bad and a good nature.
when a boy has been educated, he is sent forth
under proper care and attention, the experience
of life may produce good impressions that will
keep him virtuous ; but if he is condemned from,
hiy youth to struggle with poverty, and meet
with difficulties of every kind, the impressions
produced may be bad, and their consequencea
disastrous. In the Return orthe educated Ana
uneducated Convicts, it appears that the- proporS
tion of literate to illiterate Convicts is as 60 td
40. That is a fact for which 'I can vouch. 7—
But what is the use of communicating this fact
to us, without also putting us in possession of
means to judge how it affects' the question as to
the influence of education on crme Before we
can draw any inference whateveri from the proi
portion of the literate to the illiterate convicts
we ought to know something of the proportion
between the literate anti the illiterate people of
the class of life to which convicts be ong. If
the Chief Justice wishes us to believe that the
proportion of literate to illiterate convicts is
greater than the proportion of the literate t 6
the illiterate in the lower classes, lie should havd
shewn the numbers of the educated and' the
numbers of the uneducated.i in some districts
every man and woman can read, and of gourse we
cannot be surprised that in such districts the
criminals should all be literate. If the propor,
tion of the literate to the illiterate generally ex
ceeds 60 to 40, which we believe to be tie ease,
then the
statement of the Chief Justice, if it
proves that (compared with
oroves any thing,
the proportions which the uneducated bear to
time educated generally) the number of illiterate
criminals is greater than that of the literate. Of
all the charges to whieli the better sort of people
in this -country have laid themselves open,. that
of over-educating the people,
Archhish op
Magce phrased it, is certainly not one. Eau,
cation has indeed become general, but it is
wretched. The peasantry are taught to read,
and sometimes to write, bit no useful knowledge
is placed within their reach.. No compend of
the duties which men in society owe to cacti
other, and of the relations in which they stand
to the State, has ever been taught them—fl
attempt has ever been made to cultivate their
reasoning faculties, and thus to elevate them kft
•the scale of beine--seldom eyen have they beep
taiNht the common rules of arithmetic, and
never' practical mathematics._ Reading merely
facilitates education ; it does not, of itself, con-
stitute education. A person may be taught to
read without ever having a single intelligible
'sentence placed before him. Those who cater
:for the lower orders in the way of educatioii,
lave I
been especially jealous of allowing them o
'read any thing calculated- to exercise their re -
soping polders, and have crammed them wit

stupid mystical trash, dished up to them in
tracts, which can only produce a mischievous
effect, if they produce arly effect. The educa-
tion of the people cannot be said to have yet
commenced ; it must be set about in a fair and
honest spirit, if we wish that they should profit
by what they are taught. Hear what Mr. Or-
ridge, the experienced Keeper of the Bury
House of Correction, says, " What have you
observed with respect to the prisoners themselves,
particularly the young ones, as to the education
they have received ?—I lose sight of those in-
structed in the gaol ; but to many who come,
and when I know the parishes, and their local
situation, my first question is, Can you read ?'
No, Sir." Why, I know your parish, you must
have been sent to school." Yes, but I have lost it
all.' I have found many who tell me that they
cannot read; but immediately that they go to it,
they recover it again." Thus we find that the
ability, to read is soon lost, because no pains are
taken to communicate, along with the ability to
read, a desire of knowledge ; and no materials
calculated to gratify the desire, if it exists, are to
be obtained. Those who wish to benefit the
lower orders by education, ought to take a hint
from the statements left by such men as have
emerged from a low cendition. The letter from
Burns, for instance, to Dr. Moore, giving him
an account of the early endeavours at improve-
ment of himself, and his companions in the same
rank of life, is eminently instructive. The mis-
fortune is that in England, from the separation
of ranks, the different classes know very little of
each other, and thus those who. are disposed to
benefit the poor seldom know the right way to go
about it. But Chief Justice Best had just before ac-
counted so satisfactorily for the increase of crime,
that the reference to the educated and uneducated
convicts became unnecessary. " Wherever wages
have been low (lie says), I have observed with
pain, that the labourer has resorted to the law of
nature, and has supported himself by plunder."
Lord Chief Justice Hales observed to the same
effect, so far back as the time of Charles 11., that
if a labourer, with an average family, did not ob-
tain ten shillings a week, or 261. a year, the dif-
ference must be made up, " either by begging or
stealing." If theSe two Chief Justices thus in-
terpret the law of nature, that is, make stealing a
matter of necessity under certain circumstances,
which circumstances exist unfortunately at this
day in the greatest part of England, it is not
easy to see how education can counteract this
law. Education cannot enable the people to per-
form impossibilities--to live on less than what is
necessary to support their frames in a working
condition. Of course, if education sharpen the
faculties, it may facilitate the perpetration of crime,
where crime becomes a matter of inevitable neces-
sity, a law of nature. Chief Justice Best has some
sensible observations on the importance of a pre-
ventive Police, and recommends to the Magis-
trates of Bath the example of London, the accesses
to which, thirty years ago, were worse than Tartary !
That Bath might benefit from the example of Lon-
don is probable enough; but that London and its
vicinage are yet far froth what they ought to be, is
not the less true. Sir William, in going over
the causes of crime, is naturally led to the sub-
ject of public-houses, and " adverts to . the
horrid monopoly of Brewers, which lie cannot
help thinking tends more to increase the number
of bad public-houses, and to encourage vice,
than most other circumstances." Very true, Sir
William ; the horrid monopoly of the Brewers
robs the people, and prevents all cheek on the
keepers of the houses. But how is the evil to
be remedied? Unquestionably by freedom of
competition, and by that alone. Where a house
is badly conducted, the proper remedy is to allow
another to solicit the public favour by the supply
of better materials, and by better conduct. Sir
William calls on the Justices not to license
Brewers' houses. This is like calling on Master
Barnardine to come down and be hanged. The
Justices and Brewers are everywhere hand and
glove ; and we predict that as long as a profit
can be made by the attaching of a monopoly to
a particular house, Justices and Brewers will
play into each others' hands, Again we say,
destroy the monopoly, make the license personal,
and allow a man to select his neighbourhood for
selling liquors, as he selects his neighbourhood
for selling shoes or groceries. A monopoly is
always worth something ; and though we do not
say that there are countries in which that worth
might not be turned to account, England is cer-
tainly not one of those countries. Money's
worth will always fetch money in this money-
loving country ; and the Justice of Peace who
has a profitable license to dispose of will know
as well how to turn it to account, as the Patron
of, a Living knows how to profit by selling the
Ministry of the Gospel.—Morning Chronicle.
We will now resume that inquiry into the re-
spective and comparative merits of the various
Statesmen who have of late years exercised an
important influence upon the destinies of .our
country, to which we have been led, not cer-
tainly at the present moment as a matter of
choice or of taste, but by the imperious dictates
of duty and of justice, enjoining us to rescue the
characters and memory at once of the illustrious
living and the illustrious dead ; assailed and dis-
honoured as they have been in some instances
by calumnies the most unfounded and atrocious
—in others by excessive, inapplicable, and ridi-
culous adulation. The subject
.to which we
*mild now more particularly advert, is the re-
cognition of the independence of some of the
South American States, and the negociation of
Commercial Treaties, which ,placed our trade
with them, already become considerable, upon a
satisfactory footing, and, at the same time, at-
tested their full admission, so far as we were
concerned, into the universal brotherhood of na-
tions, Was this step, in the circumstances so
wise and necessary, the act of an individual ?
Did it take effect in virtue of the penetration and
vigour of any single mind ? Or, was it not ra-
ther the result of the mature deliberations of a
whole Cabinet and of the wisdom of successive
Statesmen ? Common sense and honesty answer
the'latter of these 'questions unequivically, and
without hesitation, in the affirmative: The
former are affirmed, or seem to be so, by the
plications of interested calumny. We scarcely
know indeed which is in this case the more ill-
:0140 or the more injurious to its object, the
misapplied censure or the misapplied praise,—
Lord Castlereagh, with a frankness and gene-
rosity, such as we trust will always characterise
the diplomacy of England, declared the inten-
tions of her Government at a Congress of the
representatives of important Europeanevery
State. Mr. Canning is entitled to the praise,
•
and it is not mean praise, of having acted with
ability and zeal as the successor of that eminent
Statesman in the true spirit of his frank and
manly declaration. Why then institute a com-
parison to the diSadvantago of either ? The
same motives and principles which compelled
, Lord Castlereagh to make a formal declaration,
repugnant to the wishes and feelings a 50 maiy

Powers, would, as the emergency ripened, and
as the commercial interests of England became
progressively more involved in it, equally have
compelled him to a course of action conformable to
it. But Divine Providence denied to the man who
first conceived and promulgated this wise, liberal,
and candid course of policy, the high privilege of
completing it. Did Mr., Canning, who suc-
ceeded to his high office, then, we ask, hasten at
once to complete it ? So far was this from the
fact, that it is not complete even now. Mr.
Canning acted more wisely. He cautiously in-
quired into the circumstances of each particular
State, and ascertained beyond a doubt in the
case of each before he consented to number it
among independent nations, not merely that the
authority of the Spanish Crown was overthrown,
but that other authority competent to discharge
the functions of Government, and affording a
reasonable probability of steadiness and perma-
nency, had succeeded to it. The truth is, that
the scheme of policy for England,. in relation to
the new States of America, was devised by Lord
Castlereagh, or, if not by him, at least by the
British Cabinet during his occupation of the
Foreign Office, and that Mr. Canning ably,
zealously, vigorously, and consistently, adopted
and advanced it. That neither the original
author of the scheme, nor his earliest successor,

have been permitted by Providence to reap
the full ,harvest of glory which would have
attended the completion of the whole work,
is a fact which cannot with any portion of
candour be brought to detract from the
solid fame of either of those distinguished men.
South America has been a field for mediation
and enterprise, fruitful of honour to them both.
But so far from being exhausted, the soil is not
even fully reclaimed. Their successors, by adopt-
ing their principles and imitating their conduct
in regard to this portion of the world, may yet
rival their renown. We vindicate in this our
view of the subject the character of Mr. Can-
ning from an aspersion too thinly disguised
under the mask of praise. Lord Castlereagh
candidly proclaimed to the world what were the
intentions of England. How dangerous to the
memory of Mr. Canning is the insidious con-
trast which implies that lie would have declared
the purpose only by the act—that he would
have been studious of theatrical effect, rather

than of national tranquillity—that he would have
hazarded the displeasure and resentment of the
other nations of Europe, for the sake of the
foolish and barren triumph of having surprised
them. In every point of view in which we can
consider the subject, it seems to us that the
loudest adulators of the memory of Mr. Can-
ning are in truth the greatest, and perhaps the
only enemies to his solid and permanent fame.
That fame will rest, not upon the contrast, but
upon the coincidence and similarity between him
and the host of distinguished men, who through-
out the whole of his political life have been his
fellow labourers, and some of whom have been
his guides, in promoting the glory and welfare of
their common country.—Morning Post.

Judging by the sentiments of some of their
advocates, we should say that the members of

the present Administration find themselves but
ill at ease, and that a principle of divide et inz-
pera elsewhere, sows the spirit of discord among
them, that, during their squabbles and indecision,
it may divide the spoil. Such must ever be
more' or less the case among public men, so long
as they suffer the charms of patronage and place
to distract their attention from the Itigher elainui
of their calling. The Whigs, for instance, it 18
said, kick, as they well may, at the idea of any
share of the patronage which avowedly belongs
to the Crown being wrested from the Ministry.
" What," say they (not openly, but inwardly),
" shall we, who have been all our lives strug-
gling for power and place, and who have been,
with the exception of eight short months, one-
and-twenty years ago, shut out from any parti-
cipation in the sweets of office, now that a com-
bination of unlooked-for circumstances has placed
them within our reach, lose between the cup and
the lip the main inducements we had for taking
office ? Shall our brothers and our sons, and
our whole tribe of hungry relatiVes and con-
nections, for whoin we had chalked out 'snug
Commissionerships, Sze., be ousted when on the
eve of possession by the ridicule of the press?
Or shall a Lady or a Doctor take from us
not only the fruits of our Catholic pledges,
but the still more valuable patronage of the
Protestant Episcopacy ? Talk not to us of
patriotism, of virtue being its own reward,
or of the empty merits of reading our his-
tory in a nation's eyed. To us solid pudding is of
infinitely more value than empty praise ; and if
we are to be deprived of that for which alone we
were induced to take office, why throw office
to the dogs, we'll none of-it.' " This, we ima-
gine, is something like the state of mind of the
Whigs (of the recreant Whigs, we mean) at the
present moment ; and such will, more or less, he
the state of mind of all public men, who have
not principle enough about them to care for
office beyond its mere emoluments and patron-
age. What the country wishes to see among
public men is a .very different kind of feeling.
It does not grudge them one atom of their re-
ward ; for the public at large know full well that
the really working part of its servants are not
overpaid.—But a Statesman, to deserve even the
shadow of that name, should have a mind above
money ; a man who is to wield the destinies of
empires, should scorn to contaminate his mind
or hands with mere pelf, but leave to the meaner
minds of underlings, all that may be necessary
for his own remuneration on that Lead. .But

be thought,
while we indulge in these, as they may
which a Mini-
subject, we
and the way in
somewhat high-flown notions on the
arestryniont ut
inilasw acr
oe
nonft
rtyli e
sclaimsbesets bt?
which its very existence, to a certain degree de-
pends upon the manner in which such claims are
satisfiedorevaded ;beaiitildg
ofrwleierield we hear of high
offices in the Stateto
persons who
have no claim to them beyond their Parliamen-
tary influence, we are free to confess that, to a
certain degree, patronage and power must alwayss
go together. The principle, however, we shall
be glad to see defeated and disappointed when-
ever it can be. But what we contend against is,
personal cupidity in public men. Let them but
show in their own persons a disregard of mere
power and emolument, and those who have
hitherto thought otherwise may learn from their
leaders something like forbearance, and
" blush
to find it fame."—Morning Herald.
A man was tried at Bridgewater on Tuesday,
for robbing the house of Mr. Stuckey, the banker,
of a considerable quantity of plate. He was con-
victed on the clearest evidence, and condemned
accordingly. So far there was nothing particu-
lar in the case ; but the reason of his being con-
demned, though often adduced, is one which
will bear canvassing. Chief Justice Best, in stal-
ing that he could give the criminal no hopes if
mercy, said, that the crime of burglary had be-
ep= it) common in that part of the cQUlltit,

&it it was necessary to make an example. There
were twenty-one cases of that crime to be tried,
therefore one of the criminals must be hanged.

It would appear from this, that a thief is not to
be put to death for his delinquencies, but because
he happens to have committed them at an un-
lucky time. If no
.Other burglary had_ been in
the calendar, the man in question would have
been spared ; but. because there were others to
be pardoned, he must suffer. The Judge, in-
deed, said, that the case was an aggravated one ;
but its aggravation amounted merely to this,
that the plunder was considerable, and the
difference in the amount of the booty. must
be regulated by the means of the person robbed,
not by the moderation of the robber. We
are not, however, so desirous to dwell on the
particular case as on time principle, or rather the
practice in the administration of the Criminal
Law, of which it is an instance. When wages
are moderately high, provisions moderately low,
and the temptations to robbery and stealing com-
paratively weak, few burglaries and thefts are
committed, and none are visited with capital
punishment. This process goes on for a year
or two, until the chances of a hanging have
dwindled almost to nothing. Then comes a bad
harvest, or bad markets—the poor are starving
—the temptation to plunder becomes extreme—
and the check which the laws should hold out at
all times has been gradually fading from the view
of the people, in consequence of their not being
executed. With their necessities goading them
on the one hand, and the non-execution of the

law inviting them on the other, acts of plunder
increase—Juries get alarmed—Judges talk of
the necessity of example—and one or two mise-
rable wretches are hanged. More fruitful sea-
sons and times of greater prosperity again come
round, and the wakeful spirit of the law is again
lulled to sleep, to he roused by similar causes
and with a similar effect. It may be worth while

to consider for a moment how such an alter-
nating process is calculated to operate as an
example. What are the considerations most likely
to deter a man from crime ? Certainty ofpunish-
ment if discovered, most assuredly. Every thief
may fairly calculate on the chance of not being found
out, for of that chance we'can by no enactment
deprive him ; but it is in our power to keep
him from calculating on an escape when found
out. If every burglary were visited with death,
it may be said that the frequency of the punish-
ment would lessen the terror of it. Perhaps it
would, but though that may be an excellent rea-
son for altering the punishment, it is none for
passing over twenty burglars, and pouncing on
the twenty-first. Marshal Saxe, talking of the

French military law 'against marauding, —laments
its• severity—" in consequence of which'," says
he, " not one in a hundred is punished. Sen-
tinels, and even officers, turn their eyes aside in
order not to see a poor fellow who would be
shot if they happened to particularise him. At
length, because no punishment at all is inflicted,
marauding becomes frequent, the General hears
of it—a strict watch is kept, a poor wretch is
caught and shot, and then for a month or two
we hear no more of it." "No one," adds the
philosophic soldier, " says of such a man, he is
criminal ;" they only say, "he is unlucky."
Such is precisely the consequence of the system
of punishing for the sake of example ; for the
associates of the criminal only think of his fate
as being " unlucky ;" and so far from being de-
terred by his punishment, arc the more encou-
raged to proceed in their course, on the plain
iprinciple, that we would with least apprehension
'.go a journey in a stage-coach the day after it
had broken down, the chances being infinite that
it should not tumble a second time until after a
considerable interval of time.—New Times.