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London, England, 1842-01-28 00:00:00

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THE DUBLIN LEVEE OF

TUESDAY.

&Immo OUT OF TILE WIIIO GENTLEMEN !—The
show is not, apparently, so great as the last—though
we are told that Mr. Sidney Herbert left the Arch.
bishop of Canterbury to baptise the Prince of Wales,
for the purpose of attending his Excellency, as well
as of voting at the election—the Mail thus giving
us to understand that the said Sidney Herbert preferred
the interests of Young Grig and the Orangemen of Ire-
land his duty to the Queen. We shall have an ex-
planfftion, of course, of this extraordinary and very
inconsiderate escapade of our Contemporary. But, in
the meantime, we have to state that the Castle doors
were jammed full in the face of several Whig gentle-
men who attended the Levee. We have heard some of
the names of those who were insulted ; but, as much more
will be heard on the subject hereafter, we shall forbear for
the present. We may say this, however, that the present
Levee is the last—whatever his Excellency's tenure of
office may be in Ireland—in which he will ever see the
face of a WhigOr Liberal within the precincts of the
Queen's Castle. We need not add how delighted we are
at 'this.
Vet% o'CLocK.—We have caused inquiries to be made
touching the extraordinary circumstance mentioned
above. The statement we find is quite accurate. Among
the most prominent Whig characters who were shut out
from the Vice-regal presence were Alderman Purcell
David Ross, of Rosstrevor ; Captain Laird, Member for
Carlow ; one or two Whig parsons ; and about sixteen
others.—. Dublin Evening Post of Tuesday.

PRESBYTERIAN MEETING IN

ARMAGH.

THE MARRIAGE QUESTION.
(Abridged from the Newry Telegraph.)
On Thursday, a Meeting of the members of the First
Presbyterian Congregatioti of Armagh, took place itt
the Ho'. fin Henry's -Meeting-house, for the purpose of
taking the subject into consideration, and for adopting
petitions in both houses of the Imperial Legislature, to
avert the danger which is already more than pending.
The Rev. Dr. henry took the Chair.
Dr. HENay proceeded to state the objects of the meet-
ing in nearly the following terms s—" Christian Friends,
from our settlement in this country as a branch of the
Established Church of Scotland, down to the present
time, our ministers conceived they had the right of
solemnizing marriage, not only amongst the members
of their own communion, but between their own
hearers and the constituents of other denominations.
Upon this understanding of the civil law we have
ever, as a body, acted, and our uniform practice
has been sitistairied by successive decisions from the
Learned Bench, as well as ratified by repeated public
acts of the Executive Government. It has frequently
happened that persons in this province, reckless of the
moral obligations which GOd and Nature imposes, have,
through their law advisers, raised the point of the inva-
lidity of Presbyterian marriages between an Episcopa-
lian and one of our people, as a plea against the charge
of bigamy, and as a shield against merited retribution,
and it has till now as invariably happened that our
Judges and Juries have ruled in favour of our practice.
In consequence of this, many have suffered the penalty
of transportation, and some are at this moment in
banishment, making expiation by their bondage and
punishment to the outraged laws of their country. A
case of this kind I have referred to occurred at Car-,
rickfergus within these five years. Upon the testimony
of one of our most respectable ministers, that lie
had celebrated a marriage between an Episcopalian
and a Presbyterian, the act was without hesitation
ratified by the Judge and Jury, notwithstanding that
the defence of invalidity was set up and ingeniously ar-
gued by Counsel, and the bigamist in whose favour it
, was employed was forthwith transported. It is now
twenty-four years since Captain Lethrope, an Episco-
palian, was married by Dr. Black, of Derry, to a Miss
Marshall, of his congregation. The parties removed
to England, where Lethrope resided, and an attempt
was afterwards made to deprive his daughter, the issue
of this union, of her rightful property upon the plea of
the illegality of the Presbyterian marriage performed
between her parents. Lethrope himself was a party
in this base attempt; and, not content with the ini-
quity of the disinheritance of his daughter, he added the
crime of bigamy to his unnatnral guilt. Dr. Black
was summoned to England and proved the marriage.
Not only was Lethrope defeated in his attempts, but
he was transported for seven years, and .111iss Letlirope
Dublin,
bliatalrinledi,no:tiaos
nhaoinst
Ni‘eisf,
grisorerai.efzmmeaslyhla.:lrirdisrisli3.ietbtitserre.so.aoiaudneige:e3l:ierlllistill.:Lbl.lep.riesterAfienoinifr.,ite;eetislhelri
slualtdseniougloe
put, by the Chancellor of England, on Dr. Black's testi-
m,my and marriage, in the undisturbed possession of all
her rights. But to come to the case which now imme-
diately concerns us—Smith, an Episcopalian, was mar-
ried by one of my co-Presbyters, the Rev. John Bell, of
msetrti eilecaen
311:r-1;0'1f:1p. removes
naAltii
clt
ouractiont
hausgtohf
endeavours to invalidate it en account of the Presby-
terianism of the minister, it is sustained by Judge
and Jury, and, in perfect conformity with pre-
vious analogous eases, Smith is sentenced to seven
years' transportation. But Mr. Whiteside, it appears,
carries the question to the Twelve Judges, a majority
of whom, for the first time, affirm the principle that the
marriage of a regularly ordained Presbyterian minister
between his hearer and an Episcopalian is null and void.
ripslasvtagoelhteneroe.:,
Thus the man who was judicially doomed is now enjoy-
ing all the enlargement of freedom, and that without any
change of circumstances or the light of any fresh evi-
dence. I impeach neither the soundness of the judicial
decision nor the integrity of her Majesty's Bench, but I
adduce these facts to vindicate myself and brethren
against the charge of celebrating marriages either igno-

rantly or illegally. We rested implicitly on the deliver-
ance of Judges and the deliberate acts of Governments,
and thought ourselves secure. Acting on this princi-
ple, nearly one-third of my marriages have been of
that kind which this decision dissolves, and some of
my best friends and nearest relatives have been
brought unwittingly by me into a state of public degra-
dation. It is but justice to the Government to say, that to
the last they were determined to transport Smith; and
had not the deliverance of the Judges necessarily altered
that determination, no amount of interest could have
prevailed on them to commute his sentence. I have
testimony in my possession to this effect, and I con-
ceive this an important and encouraging feature of the
cage that ought not to be lost sight of. And now, fellow-
Christians, consider the awful and distressing circum-
stances in which we are placed. What is the fact ? The
marriages of many of you, of many of your nearest and
dearest, of multitudes of your fellow-worshippers
throughout Ireland, nay, over the face of the world, are
dissolved. Your children and theirs, in such cases, are
held up before Christendom as illegitimate, the right of
inheritance broken, and the securities which you be-
lieved sacred and indissoluble, suddenly severed. This
is a blow that cuts us in the most vulnerable point.
We are most deeply grateful tO the Attorney-Ge-
neral for giving us hope regarding the past. We
thank him for his noble defence of our privileges, and
for his intention of introducing a retrospective measure.
We trust he will go farther, and apply the provisions of
his Bill to the future. Now is the time to have it clearly
understood that less than this will not and cannot satisfy
us. We respect the rights of others ; our own we are
determined to support. Nothing short of unrestricted
liberty to unite our hearers with those of other denomi-
nations can satisfy us. Let all political differences be
buried till we are again placed in the honourable posi-
tion which we thought we held. Let us trust that
through Ulster, all divisions will be forgotten ; and with
one heart let us employ every legitimate means for
securing, in all coming time, those immunities to which
our numbers, wealth, and intelligence, as well as past
practice, and the spirit of our glorious Constitution, en-
title us forofmail loyalqaulauliteorbs e
db
iee
npto
furreeedm
ei nn,
.
breathingLtehteplae tnigtiuoangs e
And now, friends, before I call upon you to move and
second the resolutions which are
,before me, I will give
you an instance of the first fruits of this decision. I
have here the documents detailing the facts of the case
to which I allude. A woman with four children ap-
plied on Tuesday last for admission into our workhouse,
who had been deserted by her husband, after having been
married to her for fourteen years, under the very pre-
tence which this decision afforded him. lie has aban-
doned her, and married a female in another quarter of
the country, and her children, because of this, were pub-
licly, on last Tuesday, on the books of the workhouse,
designated as. bastards.—(Great sensation.) This is
surely the time, when such occurrences as this are taking
place amongst us, to be up and doing. The Rev. Doctor,
after apologising for the absence of some of the leading
members of the congregation, on account of sickness,
and professional duties calling them elsewhere, con-
chided amid the warm applause of the meeting.
Mr. DOBBIN J.P., rose to move the first resolution.
The case to which he (the Chairman) had lately referred,
came before him in his Magisterial capacity. He had
taken the informations of the woman against her hus-
band; but, on account of the late decision, he was unable
to act on them. By the late decision the children of
great numbers of them are rendered illegitimate, at least
in the eye of law; and if some' healing measure is not
adopted, the most disastrous consequences will ensue,
causing utter confusion amongst the whole of the Pres-
byterian community. Mr. Dobbin then proceeded to
read the resolution, -which was seconded by Dr. Bryce,
and carried unanimously.
Mr. JOHN KANE moved the second resolution, which
was seconded by Dr. Belt, and passed unanimously.
The other resolutions were then separately proposed
and carried, after which

Dr. HENRY read a paragraph from the Newty Tele-
graph, which stated that means were being taken by the
Law Officers of the Crown to have a Bill prepared and
brought in for the purpose of legalizing all such mar-
riages as the one which had been the source of as much
unpleasantness to the Presbyterians of the North of Ire-
land. He said he had lately been one of a number who
had drawn up the heads of a Bill on the subject, and he
would likely be one of those who would carry that Bill to
London on the ensuing meeting of Parliament. At the
meeting at-which the preparation of that Bill was de-
cided on, he was happy to say that there was but one
opinion on the subject, and that was one of perfect
unanimity:
The meeting then separated.

CORN-LAW MEETING-
"INGRAM, WEDNESDAY NIGHT.—This &La meet-
. .
ing of the merchants and manufacturers of rminr
ham, and of Deputies from the surrounding district, was
held, for the purpose of conferring, and collecting infor-
mation relative to the state of the district.
The meeting was well attended, and Delegates froita
Wolverhampton, Coventry,
Coalbrook Dale, Dudley;
Kidderminster, West Bromwich, Bilston, Walsall, Stour-
, bridge, and Darlaston, were present.
William Scholefield, Esq., President of the Birming-
ham Anti-Corn-law Association, took the Chair, and
having briefly stated the nature of the meeting, said
that letters from C. P. Villiers, Esq., ; G. F.
Muntz, Esq., M.P.; Colonel Thompson, and the Mayor
of Kidderminster, had been received, stating their inabi-
lity to attend from various causes.
JOSHUA, SCHOLEFIELD, Esq., M.P., rose to move the
fir it resolution, and, in so doing, stated his belief that,
untiLthe people were better represented in the Commons'
House of Parliament, the present system of class legis.-
lation would continue, and so long must the industrious
class suffer theins:lves to be deprived of their rights and
liberties. After n hflef address, he concluded by mov-
ing a resolution to thieircet, that, in the opinion of that
meeting, every individual had A natural and inalienable
right to the free exercise of his ow); talents and industry,
and the sole possession and enjoymirii of their produc-
tion ; that, in a free State, the laws shon:,a be made for
the equal benefit of all, and that monopoly,'
from the many, in order to confer privileges Ivhich takes
on the few,
is a violation of the two great principles, nationa. and

social, on which society exists.". •
W. BOULTBEE, Esq., seconded -the resolution, and said.
that he had statistical information relative to the town
of Birmingham to lay before the meeting of a very im-
portant character ; but owing to the extreme length and
the minute details which it embraced, he should only
present an abstract of the more important state-
ments :-Smiths' vices, in 1826, cost 325. Bd. per cwt.;
in 1829, 245. 6d. per cwt. ; and now the price is reduced
to 21s. Chains that in 1826 were 19s 6d. per cwt., are
now 19s. ,• halter-chains, which were then 9s. 6d., are
now ss. 3d.; iron candlesticks are reduced from 2s. 71d. to
Is. 4d.; common tinned • horse-bits, which formerly were
Is. ld. are now reduced to 1114. Thirty families, taken
consecutively, containing 144 individuals on an average,
formerly receiving 225.- per week, now receive only
ss. I Id., which, deducting-rent, averaging 2s. ld. each
family, left only 35.. 10d. per family, or 9d. each indi-
vidual for purchasing the means of subsistence. The
concurrent testimony of pawnbrokers was, that the num-
ber of pledges was reduced one-half ; the articles now
offered are generally of very small value, and a great
• many, in fads__ are quite unsaleable, such as pawn-
,,brokers could net advance anything wkatever upon.
A communication from workmen in the fancy steel toy
trade stated, that the rate of wages is reduced We-half
in their trade ; that in 1815 eighty hands were erepleyed
in the manufactory to which they belong, and forty oui-.
workers were also employed, making 120 persons ; and
that now thirty are employed in the manufactory and
ten out, making only forty instead of one hundred and
twenty as before. They: also report that there exists
a great tendency to crime from want of employment,
and the consequent starvation and misery it occasions.
In reference to , the brass-foundery trade, the. workmen
state that since 1812 wages have been reduced from one-
half to two-thirds. Articles in their trade, for which
15s. were paid in 1812 are now made for 55., and there
is now the same amount of work for ss. as formerly for
15S.- A letter from a master brass-founder said that the
trade was good, and men were fully employed, at good
wages, from 1810 to 1815. The letter also stated that an im-
mense business was then carried on with Germany and
Prussia; but that now we cannot compete with the. Ge-
rmans in price, although our own prices have been reduced
one-half. .I.l,:per No. 5, from workmen in the lamp
manufacture, stated that, in 1815, before the Corn-law
was passed, men earit=4 good wages, and that now the
wages are reduced two-Otirds. In their manufactory
formerly 78 persons were fully employed, now 36 only
are employed, and those only work 4fr flays per week.
Their trade has very much fallen off since. The silver-
workers state that, in 1835, the men in their trade
were fully employed, and were making over-time. ;Cow,
they are only employed about three, or not more then
four, days a week. These parties also stated that their
wages have been reduced very much in the last six years„
Paper No. 9, from the sawyers and wood turners, stated
that wages haND very much declined in their trade. Six
years ago the price paid for a certain kind of work was
per gross ; now the, same kind of work is done
for 3s. 6d: per gross. Pape: No. 10, from the jour-
neymen tin-plate-workers, reprbjented the reduction
of men employed as one-third, and tat the remainder
I are only partially employed. Paper iVf.). 11, from
journeymen screw-makers, stated that in 1835 :::"1 1836
the price paid for making some kinds of article was
ls. 9d., and that now the same articles are made for 9(1..3
and that, in addition •to this reduction, the workmen
have to allow a discount of 10 per cent. on all they cart
earn. They state, in addition, that in 1815 bread was
Is. Bd. per peck, and potatoes 4d. per peck ; now bread
is 2s. Bd. per peck, and potatoes Bd. per peck. The
orkmen in this trade cannot get full employment even
at these low prices. A manufacturer of hinges stated
" that the wages have been reduced 20 to 30 per cent.
within the last ten years, caused by the want of a
goo;; demand ;" also " that. at this time there is little
'or no A communication from a gun-manu-
faeturer statet: that, previous to 1834, considerable
gun-barrels, locks,
quantities of mater...l`• as
bayo-
nets, &e., were sent to ege, and other places in
Belgium and Germany ; but that now they make
these articles themselves, and ean undersell us in
the American market. The men in this country who
now file the common pocket pistols must wt..lrk very
hard, from 12 to 16 hours per day, to earn Bs. to 12s. rier
week. Paper, No. 14, from a manufacturer connecter:
with the j:wellery business, represented that trade as
having very much declined within the last three or four
years, and also that, prices of manufactured articles have
been very much reduced. A manufacturer of combs had
stated that upon an inspection. of his books he found
that from 1836 to 1841 the decrease of business had
been about 80 per cent. A gun-maker stated that for a
certain article, which in 1825 cost 2s. 6d., now he could
procure the same fir 111(1.
Mr. SCOTT, M.P. for Walsall, gave some evidence
respecting the neighbourhood of Stourbridge of an in-
ter:,sting nature. The nnilor with difficulty procured
a living for himself when trade was at its best ; but
to what a deplorable condition must they now be re-
duced. Mr. Scott then moved the following resolu-
tion:-" The avowed object of the Corn-law is to create
a monopoly in - the food of man ; and the operation
of the Corn law has heen to counteract the designs of
Providence, by • restricting the exchanges of the pro-
ductions of industry- to deprive the working classes of
their just remuneration for their labour, by shutting up
the markets-to ruin the trade of Great Britain by cir-
cumscribing its intercourse with other nations-and to
induce a fearful state of general and unprecedented dis-
tress, which daily becomes more intense, and threatens to
destroy our commercial prosperity, and our very exist-
ence ash nation." _ •
Mr. Dimmocx, of Bolton, seconded the resolution, and
bore testimony to the reduced state of the workmen in
that township.
A Delegate from Darlaston said that the lock-filers
in. that place now only received Bd. for the same work
as they used in 1820 to receive 2s. 6d. for.
. Mr. TAUNTON, of Coventry,.said the distress exceeded
anything that bad previously existed. 2,500 recipients
of bread received about five thousand loaves per week in
that city. Children might be seen most eager to pro-
cure pennyworths of liver, which some time back was not
sold for food.
Mr. JOSEPH WALKER, of Wolverhampton, moved the
next reFolutien :-" That inasmuch as the complicated
evils under which the country now suffers are shown to
be the natural fruits of monopoly, this meeting depre-
cates all legislative interference with industry, and
pledges itself to adopt all peaceful and legal means to
obtain a total and immediate abolition of the Corn and
Provision-laws."
Jc/SEPH STURGE, Esq., next addressed the meeting,
anti in the course of his observations, said that they must
be determined upon a total repeal, as it was very probable
that a modified motion would be brought forward in the
House, and the ends they had in view would not be ac-
complished unless they were firm to their principles, m
going unconditionally for the total and immediate aboli-
tion of the Corn-laws.
The resolutions were agreed to unanimously.

HOEHOUSE AND CO. s • B NIERUPTCY.---
A
There were several meetings under this Commission
during the last week, and further debts were proved to
the amount of 1,6251. 45., making a total to the present
time of
.235,9891. Bs. 4d. On Friday some of the former
proofs were, on the application of the creditors, expunged
or reduced, and on Saturday the bankrupts were further
interrogated by the creditors, after which they signed
a declaration on oath that they had made a full and
true discovery of their estate and effects, both real
and personal ; that they had not concealed or em-
bezzled any part of their property, but had delivered
up everything they possessed to the assignees. This
closed their examination, and the further busineSs
of the bankruptcy now stands postponed till the end
of April. In the interim the assignees will be actively
engaged in their onerous duties of realizing the bank-
rupts' property, and getting in the outstanding assets.
On the 27th of April the assignees will submit their ac-
counts to the Commilisioners to be audited ; on the 30th
of April there will be a further meeting for the proof of
debts ; and on the 2d of May a dividend will be declared.
—Bath Chronicle.

DEATH OF INDEPENDENCE.—This famous old
horse, formerly the property of the late Mr. Beardsworth,
died on Sunday week at Hedgeford, aged sixteen years.
In the course of his: racing career he won forty races,
including 15 gold cups, and gold cup stakes. He carried
off the Leamington Stakes twice, the Warwick Cup twice,
the Nottingham Cup twice, and the Chester Trade Cup, and
the Wolverhampton Trade and Cleveland Cups. Ile was
purchased at the sale of Mr. Beardsworth's stud by Mr.
Flintoff, that he should not fall into other hands to be
abused in his old age, and with a determination to keep
him as long as he lived. He continued as fresh, and ap-
parently as healthy to within forty-eight hours of his
death (which was caused by inflammation) as he was the
first day he reached Mr. Flintoff, in whose stables he
continued fifteen years.—Worcestershire Chronicle.
Bishop Warburton had a strong itch for acting:
One day as Mr. Cradock was walking up
he was overtaken by the Bishop in his carriage, I
preach a ser-
to him, and said—" Cradock, lam going thoave nothing
mon before the Lord Mayor ; 3i), friend
t h e
called rand
h me.
better to do get in and go
the vestry,
burst into
joined the Bishop, and their corwmi'i.-detresnattieorneedisroiuong
out
tntehde
men
upon Shakspeare. After they
Falstaff;the Bishop, a s
hein aw
was
st
iioteft s
Mayor
in the
uotsrhiaaans idan;At blodefgeran to s
with .-litticulty that his
tt
Grace, the
courageous Knight,
the vestry, and it wasu
Father in God, could re-assume the gravity of the lawn
sleeves.--
Gardiner's Music and Frirnds.