The Sun.
London, England, 1842-08-09 00:00:00

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and the publican, the distiller, the brewer, the news-
Faper proprietor, all of whom, to some extent, the
publican ceased to employ, experienced a diminution
of their income. They forbore to haie new clothes,
and the tailors lost custom. To have new furniture,
while they could not pay rates or get clothes, was im
1 -
possible, and cabinet-makers were ohl;ged to stand
idle. Their wives could not go to the drapers ;nd the
grocers so often as formerly ; and shopkeepers, as we
know has been the case, became distressed, insolvent,
end disfranchised. Not to trace the extensive ramiti-
mtions of the fact we have quoted more minutely, we
save said enough to show that it abounds in evidence*.
Wextensive mental and physical suffering. What is
I hus made palpable as to Manchester is equally true
( )f most of the other la- gc towns, and with such an
a extensive disfranchisement in progress, from increasing
N overty, there must be great mental and physical suf-
3(.ering throughout the respectable part of the town
! population.
In the general disfranchisement indicated there is
~' reason for increased political discontent. It is already
; a subject of complaiA t, amounting almost to resistanet
t o the law, that only a small part of the people are
e "franchised, and the unenfeanchised part is daily
swelling by the inevitable effects of increasing poverty.
Property may be gathered into fewer hands ; political
power, constituting the Legiqature, may be restricted
to a narrower and narrower circle; but property itself
will not add to its security by increasing the number
and aggravating the animosity of its opponents. To
see the power of legislation separating. itself more
and more from the multitude, while their incessant
i brayer is to have it extended to them, bodes an alarm-
i ig increase of those hostile feelings between classes
IA :hich already dislocate society.
To revert rather to the economical than the poli-
ti cal bearings of the pregnant passage of the Tory
J ournal, we must remind our readers that the short
pm ssage we have quoted from the Sanatory Report,
as well as other facts we have lately placed before
them from the same work; shows that already the
bulk of our population are living in a sad state Oi both
3 )hysieal and mental degradation. Although this Re-
F ort is not so well dressed up for effect as
ti ie Report :on Mines by aspirant Commissioners
it is calculated to startle and deeply im-
pi 'ess the public with a conviction that the
cc ndition of the bulk of the labouring classes, espe-
ci illy in all that concerns lodging, is at once pitigble
at d degrading to them and disgraceful to the Legisla-
•at re. But the paragraph of the ifanehester Chronicle is
in a proof among many that, subsequent to the period
av- hen some of the materials for the Sanatory Report
were gathered, prior to 1842, the condition of the pi,-
yulation has been still further deteriorated. For four
',-years at least it has been getting worse and worse,
riving reason to fear, unless the downward progress
k e arrested, that a permanent degradation in the con-
Vition of the people will be the consequence. It is
wisely ordained that man, as an animal, can accom-
; nodate himself to every climate, and to every variety
iif physical circumstance. If he be ground down
t herefore, to poverty and dirt, and made familiar with
d isease and loathsomeness, he will acquire suitable
Is. ibits, and live amidst all that is filthy, disgusting, and
de grading.
"From what I have observed," says the late Mr. Wal-
ker, as quoted in the Sanatory tteport, "I am fully
cominced that if shambles were built on any spot, and
all who chose were allowed to occupy them, they
would soon be occupied by a lower race than any yet
knovia. I have often said that if empty casks were placed
along the streets or Whitechapel, in a few clays each of
these would have a tenant, and those tumults would keep
LT their kind, and prey on the rest of the community. I
at, t tvtre if such facilities were afforded there is no con-
eth, -able degradation to which portions of the species
migiAt not be. reduced. Allow these tub-inen no educa-
doe, ~and you have so many savages living in the initht
of civil]. -4ation."

How .I"ar great masses of the cellar population, and
the population dwelling in tens and scores in single
rooms, area at present removed from the state of
savages living in the midst of civilization, we will not
decide ; but that they will become so if the present
deteriorating influences and circumstances are con-
tinued, seems highly probable. Should any disturb-
ance call the energies of such persons into activity,
England,- even as she now is, will be surprised, as
France was, at :the uncouth and hideous monsters
which, at. the period of the Revolution, seemed to
spring from the earth, and all at once to assume the
dominancy in society. To lllevent the existence of
savages in the midst of civilization, a responsibility
not less than awful now lies 0.3 the Legislature. To
cause such a population is a crime against society
unsurpassed in the blackest, annals of treason.

The circumstmce of the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer having refused to give Lord CnlmsEA the
Chi Urea Hundreds, failed .o suggest to Lord VAL-
mmisroN the proper deduction from sucha•fitet. Ile
only thought of the inOuence,, which the Minister of
the day might exercise over :Members if he might re..
refuse at his pleasure, and of thy-refusalfbeing a viola-
tion of a practice that bad pr,evailed for nearly a
century. From the statements on both sidc‘s, it
is clear that a Member of the Manse :of .ICoin-
mons cannot lay aside his office, nor can his
constituents revoke their trust ; he can only
cease to be a Member by disivalifying him-
self to sit by the acceptance of some public
office, which it is in the power of the, Minister to
give er lvithbo:d. That is an improper arrangement.
The parties who elect the trustee, the constituency,
should have power to withdraw their confidence ; and
the party who accepts it should at any time hare the
power to resign it into their bands. If Lord PAL,
MERSTON had drawn that conclusion, and proposed to
embody it into a law, we should have inferred that
he had made a proper use of the circumstance,
as to the impossibility of a Member vacating his seat,
or the constituency withdrawing their confidence,
which the refusal of the Chathiellor of the Exchequer
has made apparent. We would • recommend his
Lordship to look at this question on principle, and
then he may rescue the Members of the House of
Commons from the caprice and control of the Minis-
ter of the day, when they desire to retire from the
onerous duties of legislation, and enable every con-
stituency to revoke that trust, which many Mem-
bers seek and accept only to abuse.

'We direct the attention of our readers to the ques-
tion of Lord PALMERSTON, and the answer of Sir R.
PEEL, relative to the war in India, which appears in
our Parliamentary Report. It is useless to reprint
the conversation here, and it is too important to allow
of abridgment or paraphrase.

SOUTHAMPTON ELECTION,
(YESTERDAY.)
STATE OF THE POLL.
NINE O'CLOCK.

Nugent
Thompson
Mildmay
Hope

233
232
244
243

TEN O'CLOCK.

Nugent
Thompson
Mildmay
hope

304
304
320
318

QUARTER TO ELEVEN.

Nugent
Thompson ...... "'
Mi!dmay
hope..

370
370
422
419

TWELVE O'CLOCK.

Nugent 428
Thompson 429
Mildmay 545
Ropy 541
CLOSE OF THE POLL.

Mildmay
Hope
Nugent
Thompson 533
3lnjority l4B

.NEWFOUNDLAND.—The de'aites in Parliament have
directed the public attention in no ordinary degree to the
Colony of Newfoundland, and the want of accurate in-
formation respecting this important possession, both in
and out of the House, is as remarkable as the apathy
with which the subject has hitherto been treated. It
has now, however, become a matter of general interest ;
and it happens fortuneely that a work is on the point of
appearing which is likely to atford every information
that can be desired on the past history, the present con-
dition -and resources, and the prospects of this advancing
Colony. The work to winch we allude is entitled
" Newfoundland in 1842," and is the; production of Sir
Richard Bonn} castle, the author of " The Canadas in
1841," who, during a residence of some duration in
Newfoundland, possessed opportunities of acquiring ti
perfect knowledge of the subject. The work is to be
illtistrated with a valuable map, &e., and will doubtless
be gladly welcomed, both by the public in general, and
our Legislators in particular.
IVALIVER CASTLE. —The Duke of Wellington is
expected to arrive on Friday evening from Apaley-
house, for his usual residence here during this period of
the'year. The Noble and Gallant Duke sees company
shortly after his arrival.

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