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No. 15,709. LONDON, WEDNESDAY ur
,
4sl tqA

DEC EMBER 28, 1842.

PEtICE sd.

THE SUN is published EVERY MORNING at FIVE O'CLOCK, in Time for the EARLY TRAINS and TOWN DELIVERY; a SECOND EDITION (Evening Sun) is Published in Time for the AFTER7,-00N TRAIT'S
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EASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY COM-
A MANY.—The DIRECTORS are ready to receive
TENDERS for LOANS of MONEY, to be secured by the
Loan Notes of the Company, bearing interest at Five per Cent.
per Annum.payable half-yearly. The Tenders to be for sums
of not less than 5001., and for periods not exceeding three
years.—By order of the Board,
A. BULKELEY, Secretary.
Offices, Shoreditch Station, Dec. 7, 1842.

mniE GRAND MODEL of the BAZILICA of
ST. PETER'S, at Rome; under the patronage of her
most Gracious Majesty Queen Victoria, and likewise all
the Crowned Heads of Europe. Executed by ANDREA
GAMBOSSINI, of Tuscany. The Model is 21 feet
in length and 12 feet in height, carved in oriental woods, with
Statues elegantly executed in ivory, it being reduced to one-
hundredth part of its original size. By its construction the
internal parts are exhibited to the spectator, the execution of
which occupied the aforesaid artist 14 years.
Open daily, at 121, Pall-Mall, from tO to 4 o'clock.
Admission Two Shillings.
N.B. A splendid assortment of Alabaster Vases and Models
to be sold at moderate prices.

CHRISTMAS HOLIDAYS.
ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
Cary's NEW MICROSCOPE, estimated by Micro-
scopists to magnify to SEVENTY-FOUR MILLION
TIMES the Natural Size. New DISSOLVING VIEWS
in Affghanistan, including the BOLAN PASS and View of
GHUZNEE, the Hall of Waters in CONSTANTINOPLE,
and Scenes in the HOLY LAND, from the beautiful
Sketches by D. ROBERTS, R.A. The COLOSSAL
ELECTRICAL MACHINE, with brilliant Experiments, is
exhibited at a Quarter to Three in the Day, and at Eight in
the Evening. Napier's Printing Press, Double Cylinder
Steam Engine, and other interesting Machinery, are in
practical operation in the Hall of Manufactures. DAILY
LECTURES on CIIEMISTRY and NATURAL PHI-
LOSOPHY. by Dr. RYAN,--M.D., LL.D., aud_Professox.,
BACHHOFFNER.

Admission, One Shilling ; Schools, Half-price.
N.B. An Elementary Class on Chemistry and Natural
Philosophy is arranged to take place during the Vacation, for
the convenience of Youth, the Pupils of which have Free
Access to the Institution.
Terms, One Gaines to the Course. Prospectus to be had of
the Secretary.

LITERATURE.

MEMOIRS of the QUEENS qf FRANCE. 2 Vols.
0 burn, London, 1842.

To that numerous- class of readers who hurry
through a work at railroad pace, for the mere
purpose of amusement, these volumes will be very
acceptable, for they are lightly and pleasantly
written, and such information as they contain,
may—with perhaps one or two unimportant ex-
ceptions—be relied on. The student, however,
who reads with a view to increase his stock of
knowledge, will find himself somewhat disap-
pointed on perusing them, for, notwithstanding
the authoress's assurance that her " pages are
the result of much labour and research," they
are, in truth, at best but shallow, skimming the
surface only of historical character. This is par-
ticularly the case with the Memoir of the famouS
—or rather infamous--Catherine de Medicis,
Queen and Regent of France, the leading events of
whose sanguinary career are just slightly glanced
at, with scarce a word of comment; while, as
regards Catherine herself, there is at best but a
' meagre attempt made at minuteness and indivi-
duality of portraiture, notwithstanding- that the
materials are so abundant; and we are told little
more than that she was crafty and unprincipled,
and that her ruling passions were ambition and
a lust of power. This is perfectly true, so far as
it goes, but the remark is not sufficiently
characteristic, but applies also with more or
less force to Queen Elizabeth of England—Ma-
ria Theresa of Austria—Catherine the Second
of Russia—and, in fact, to almost every female
-sovereign who has won historical renown; Now
the ambition of Catherine De Medicis developed
itself in a manner peculiar to herselr, and such

as gives us a vivid insight into her idiosyncrasy.
For years it lay apparently dormant. For years
it wa; unsuspected, even by those who were m
habits of familiar communion with her. Treach-

ery and dissimulation,unbounded in their extent,
were the agents by which this master-passion
worked. There was nothing straightforward in
its character. It was wily and circuitous to a
degree never known before or since. Even when
the frankest and boldest course of action appeared
the most • likely to ensure success, Catherine,
from a perverse impulse which she could not
control, would adopt the most secret and jesui-
tical. Though a stranger to fear, she invariably
acted as if sheer timidity dictated her move-
ments. A thorough Italian in mind and man-

with the history of the period. This celebrated
woman was of low origin, by her mother's side ;
ambitious to excess;, jealous and domineering;
and extravagant to a degree only equalled by her
successor, Madame Dubarri. Her figure was
gracefid; her countenance expressed mingled
cunning and melancholy ; her complexion was
fair; and her arms and hands were eminently
beautiful. She was first seen by the King while
hunting in the forest of Senart; and he was so
struck by her elegant horsemanship, as at once
to avow his attachment. The period of her as-
cendancy was one specially disastrous to France,
for she was the distributor of all Government
employments, and cared little for the worth or
talent of those whom she preferred to important
offices in the State, provided they sufficiently
flattered her vanity. As Goldsmith observes
of Garrick, " Whoe'er peppered highest was
surest to please." For many years of
her life this haughty favourite exercised the
most despotic authority. The church—the law—
the army—all the statesmen—. All the courtiers—
all the aspiring wits of the day—vied with each
other in their. adulation of the de Pompadour.
The business of the State was conducted in her
boudoir. She .was the last- and highest court of
appeal. from whose award there was no dissent-
ing. In a word, she was King, Queen, and Mi-
nistry, for Louis was a mere cyphera media-
nical puppet, who only moved when she
pulled the strings. She died in the palace of
(rizernwitanseiii
Versailles, in her - forty-second year, and her
Royal lover, when he beheKher corpse pass be-
--rrentir,frili-'wiridow, on its wii3'*-, t ... . :
looked up at the sky, which was dark. and
lowering, and coolly observed, "Madame de
Pompadour will have bad weather for her voy-
age !" Justly has Solomon remarked, -" put not
.thy trust in Princes !"

In concluding our hasty notice of these inter-
esting volumes, we cannot but observe that—
notwithstanding the splendid
.female triumphs
they record—the impression that they must
leave on the reader's mind can scarcely be
otherwise than 'a melancholy one. How few of
all the Queens and Royal Favourites who occupy
for centuries together the foreground of French
domestic history, ever knew what it was to
enjoy—what Pope has •so beautifully called—
" eternal sunshine of the cloudless. mind !"
Some, smitten with remorse, retired into the
gloomy shades of a convent ; others, haunted
with apprehensions of a fall, even while basking
in the broad sunshine of prosperity, sighed for
the happiness which they had once known,
but which could never again be theirs ; and
others drooped day by day under the ,slow bu t sure
corroding influence of a breaking heart. Queen
Margaret de Valois—the far-descended—the in-
tellectual—the beautiful—became hypondriacal
in age, and died in convulsions of terror, occa-
sion ed by the recollection of her dissolute con-
duct, and the trying scenes through which she
had passed; Queen Mary de Medicis, persecu-
ted by Richelieu, passed years in obscure exile,
and expired at last in indigence and misery;
Anne of Austria, after experiencing the most
cruel vicissitudes, discovered too late that the
crown of France, which she had looked forward
to with such pleasure, was little better than "a
crown of thorns;" Queen Maria Theresa dropped
into the grave the victim of hopeless melancholy;
Madame- de Naintenon, notwithstanding that
she had achieved the grand object of her
ambition by her marriage with
.Louis the Four-.
teenth, confessed in a letter to Ninon de PEnclos
independence;"
Queen she " envied her peaceable
Queen Marie Leazinsky expressed herself im-
patient for the approach of death, declaring that
she was weary, of existence; Madame Dubarri
fell under the axe of the guillotine; Marie An-
scaffoldtoinette, too, expired on the scaotd ; and the
Empress Josephine, after being compelled to
descend from the proudest throne in the world,
died of a broken heart, on hearing of Napoleon's
exile to Elba ! The moral we would deduce from
these striking instances of mutability of fortune
is, that for women the materials of happiness are
only to be found in the calm retirement of pri-
vate ; this is the sphere in which nature
designed them to shine; and they never quit it,
but at the risk of encountering
every species of
disappointment and disaster!

m&m.uA.
The less you'll heed, love, should he scold,
The less he'll hear against you uttered!
DAUGHTER.
Then terribly his lordship halts ;
Besides, he's very blind indeed I
MAMMA.
Blind will he be—but to your faults,
And quick to follow where you lead!
Bethink you how a coronet
Would grace that brow surpassing fair!
DAUGHTER.
But should I join the Alinacks' set ?
And have a house in Belgrave-square ?
MAMMA.
All, all, my love, if you'll engage,
And pledge the earl in sober truth.
DAUGHTER.
Ah! must I then unite with are !
Why should I cut my coz ?
MAMMA.

nerd, she had a honied smile and a soft word ever
ready to lull the distrust of those on whose de-
struction she was bent. Thus for years she op-
pressed with her courtesies her husband's cele-
brated mistress, Diana of Poitiers, whom she ut-
ter:v detested, and let pass many an opportunity
of obtaining revenge, in order that the blowswhen
she struck it, might be the more secure and de-
cisive. in the character of most ambitious wo-
men, stained though they may be with crime,
something of frankness and niagnaminity may at
times be detected. Even the Russian Semiramis
was not without her redeeming qualities. But
Catherine de Medicis had positively none. She
was licentious in her conduct without the excuse
of passion ; though any thing bu t a bigot in religion,
she projected and carried in to execution the St. Ba-
rtholomew massacres, on the plea of upholding the
Catholic faith; and even her loftiest ambitious
views had reference to no earthly interests but her
own. Above all, she seems to have been wholly
devoid of that sense of right which Providence,
for wise purposes, has implanted in the breasts or
even the most unscrupulous and abandoned.
Thus she sedulously corrupted the morals of her
own children, apparently without any adequate
motive, or without the slightest idea that she was
thereby outraging one of the great primary laws
of nature ; and committed murders by wholesale,
less from. absolute cruelty than from an innate
indifference to human suffering. Having stated
this, we need scarcely add that remorse was an
utter stranger to her breast. In fact, it may ad-
mit of aSquestion whether, in the tortuous and
supremely depraved course she pursued, she
really believed that she was deviating from the
brold path of virtue. Our authoress, we per-
ceive, seems doubtful as to whether Catherine
poisoned her son Charles the Ninth. Unfortu-
nately this does not admit of a doubt, for more
than one chronicle of the period is decisive on
the point.
The Memoir of "Anne of Austria," Queen and
Regent of France, is written with more skill and
opisit than any other in the work. This Princess
wsis t.!se wife of Louis the Thirteenth, and not-
withstmAing the "joy she experienced at the
prospect of her marriage," she passed but a
miserable life: with her husband, chiefly in con-
sequence of the intrigues of Richelieu, whose
advances she had i'ppulsed, and who took every
opportunity of sowing. dissensions between the
Royal couple. Alluasig incidentally to the
Queen's intercourse with 5h,6 Duke of Bucking-
ham, our authoress says Oho is accused of
j having favoured the advances of his (race, who
was sent to Paris in 1625, by Charles the First, as
Ambassador." This accusation is well founded,
for Siadame, de Moteville, who was in
all Anne's secrets, has told us in her
Memoirs, that, after the Duke's return
to England, Ole Queen sent him her own gar-
ter, which, We conceive, is tolerably conclusive
evidence that her attachment was something more
than platonic ! " The Duke of Buckingham,"
adds our authoress, "when recalled by Charles
the First, instead of taking leave of Anne of Aus-
tria in the ordinary form, wentinto her apartment,
tell on his knees by her bed-side, and gave way to
the most extravagant expressions of grief; so that
sh,s. was obliged to reprove him, and inform him
that it was a great innovation on the rules of
etiq„,ste to address the Queen of France in that
way." would appear from this slight account
of a remarkilbW love passage in Anne's life, that
the Duke ent,lred .
• the Duchess de Chevreuse
her apartment uninvited; but
such was not the case.;
her for his visit, so it is
had previously preparen'
'save taken her by
impossible that it could
-es of this inter-
surprise. As the circumstan,
'
view are curious, we will give then. to do. On
than our authoress has thought
iore?nigifh.daemta—ii
entering her Majesty's chamber, Buck. hand-
who, we should premise, was one of the se_
somest and most courtly gallants of the at;
knelt down by her bedside, and kissed her shes.
with every sign of the deepest emotion. As she
took not the slightest notice of
of salutation, au old dame of honour who, fortu-
nately for Anne, was in the room, wishing—as,
she significantly phrased it—to prevent " other
liberties," seated herself in the Royal a rm-chair,
and putting on her most virtuous dci neanour,
ordered the Duke to rise, observing that such
behaviour was not tolerated in France. His
Grace immediately began to argue the
oint like
a statesman, maintaining with consum: nate im-
pudence that, as he was not a Fre adman,
he was not bound by the laws of th coun-
try ! He then again addressed himself to the
the ardent passion with .
Queen ; confesseswhhe9 had dh
o inspiredn t
he
ym
of; and,sen in fact, we nt confessed the ISVIOCh
pretended to be exceedingly Ole
ti'menft.Ann t
indignantatb as' n
.1 pro...`"
sumptiOn, and ordered hint to leave the :room,
him public
which he did, but as she received in • -
the next day, it is very evi
dent that her s vrath
was by no means of an implacable nature. As
the mention of this Queen immediately silts' rests
the recollection of Cardinal Mazarin with "-s; hose
chequeredfortunes her own, during th'e last twenty
years of her life, were so
closely
linked
, we
think our authoress should have Halted
ai chile
in her narrative to say a few words ' •
respes Aing
this wily statesman, and given a brief co a tune
also of the wars of the Fronde, in which sisnne
cut so conspicuous—and at times so grotesq tte—a
figure. This is the only fault we find s% 'ith a
Memoir which is penned in ail easy, fl °win; ;, un-
pretending style, and abounds in varlet of inte-
resting matter. Y

DAUGHTER.

Poor youth !

Mamma, you've quite convinced your girl ;
Harry, adieu! I'll wed the earl.

DAY DREAMS. 011ivier, London, 1842.
This collection of poems is from the pen of
Mr. Charles Knox, author of the Rittmeister's
Budget. The poems evince much skill and
sweetness of versification, more especially the
first one in the volume, which is entitled the
" Minstrel Warrior," and contains many bold
and animated images. The embellishments,
Nflirdli are upwards or-rre'nty in • number, are,
sonic of them, of superior merit, and the work is
splendidly bound in a sort of bright blue cloth.
It is every way calculated fora Christmas present.

PO OR-L AW, IRELAND.

WAVERLEY NOVELS—Abbotsford Edition--•
Part 18. Cadell, Edinburgh, 1842.
This Part contains a spirited likeness of the
celebrated Graham of Claverhouse, Lord Dun-
dee, together with several other clever and
appropriate embellishments.' This edition is by
tar the handsomest and completest that has yet
appeared of these novels.

DISEASES OF THE SKIN. A Practical and
Theoretical Treatise on the Diagnosis, Pathology, and
Treatment of the Diseases of the Shin, 6,•c. By Erasmus
Wilson, Consulting Snigeon of the St. Pancras In-
firinary4c. London, Churchill, 1842.

We know no more striking illustration of the
great advantages of division of labour, than the
numerous discoveries which are made almost
every day in electricity, in chemistry, in mecha-
nics, in anatomy, and in medicine, by indi-
viduals confining their attention exclusively' to
some one branch, or even minute twig, of one
particular science. It is necessary for them to
be acquainted with principles, and to keep up a
knowledge of general progress, but that being
accomplished they select some minute brand► of
the whole, watch it, inspect it, investigate it with
microscopic attention. To this circumstance we
are indebted to all the discoveries concerning
photogenic drawing, and the creation of the
whole art of electrotype printing. Not many
years have elapsed since every chemist felt him-
self bound to embrace in his investigation the
whole phenomena of light, heat, electricity, all
possible affinities of bodies, and ail possible com-
pounds; and no work was complete which did not
include the whole. Not very long since every phy-
sician or surgeon was a general practitioner, and
the former was expected to prescribe for every pos-
sible ailment, and the latter to perform every ope-
ration from drawing a tooth to taking the thigh off
at the socket. It was even considered to he a
kind of quackery for medical men to confine
their practice to:particular branches of the pro-
' fession ; but, as individual diseases became nume-
rous, and afforded an honourable professional
living by attending to one or two only, and as
medical men multiplied, jostling against one an-
other, many of them who practice amidst a
large and dense population, devoted them-
selves to the study of some one disease,
or class of diseases. If they have perhaps
caused some terror by discovering many
befbre unknown, they have conferred a more
than commensurate benefit on the public, by
finding out remedies for them, and fbr diseases
previously known. Of this minute subdivision
of medical labour, the work before us is a pro-
duct; and, like other products of the same prin-
ciple, teems with valuable information. It is
beyond our province, indeed, to enter into its
professional merits, but we can see at every page
marks of a careful and close inquirer, who has
verified the discoveries of others, and added
several of his own. We can say, too, that the
work is neatly and well written, and worthy of
the reputation which Mr. Wilson has acquired as
a searching and skilful anatomist. Certainly we
are startled by an octavo of 400 closely printed
pages CM the diseases merely of the covering of
the body, which, being designed to be its pro-
tection, we might anticipate should itself be
liable to few diseases. It would, at first, seem
as if zeal and partiality had much overdone
the subject, but when we recollect that to
this class of • diseases belong both the cow
pox and the small pox, and which .have given
occasion to many ponderous volumes,—when
we know, too, that one of the largest
hospitals in Paris—St. Louis—is devoted exclu-
sively to persons afflicted with diseases of the
skin, that they are extremely numerous, and
their appearance often times very disgusting, or
even hideous—that these diseases in the main
chiefly affect the lower and working classes, and
constitute some of the most loathsome and trou-
blesome maladies to which the human hody is
subject,—we are sensible that they are worthy of
all the care and the skill which Mr. Wilson, and
even gentlemen of much higher reputation, have
devoted to the subject. They deserve, indeed,
great commendation for their efforts to elucidate
the sources, and find out remedies, for these very
troublesome disorders. Much of their success has
been owing to minute microscopic and anato-
mical investigations of all tissues which com-
pose the covering of the body, a branch
of science which, though not new, has been
carried to a great extent in our time. Mr.
Wilson has been successful in prosecuting
such investigations, and the result, combined
with the labours of others, is a very com-
plete work on the diseases of the skin. If care
and diligence can make it worthy of the profes-
sion of which the author is a member, this book
must attain high honour.

Mr. O'Connell has addressed a letter to the Poor-
law Guardians of the county of Cork, of which the
following are extracts :
Every body must admit that some dangers will
ensue in the working out of the present system.
Blood, alas! has been already shed; and, taking for
granted that the slayers on the recent occasion were
as guiltless as the circumstances would admit; yet
that very fact may, perhaps, give to every thinking
mind a stronger impression of impending perils. At
all events, it is a great deal more safe to apprehend
too much a future and contingent danger,than to have
that danger come on us unexpectedly, and without
preparation to meet the evil day.
The first proposition which I wish you to consider,
is this :—That there is not a single Irish person, either
in or out of the workhouse—either rate-payer or pauper,
who does not find fault with the present system.
The Irish people are for once unanimous.
The second proposition to which I solicit, my
Lords and Gentlemen, your attention, is this :—That
the present Poor-laws were introduced into Ireland most
inconsiderately, most incautiously—nay, in open defi-
ance of an emphatic caution the other way—there is
even something inexpressibly ludicrous in the history
of the transaction. There mixes the melancholy with
the absurd, in this matter, to an extent which could

occur only in Ireland.
The history of the transaction is short. The Whig
Government bethought themselves of giving Poor-
laws to this country, and, very properly, commenced
with appointing " Commissioners of Poor-law In-
quiry." These persons were empowered to examine
upon oath into the state of poverty did destitalWEl
Ireland—that was the first step. These Commis-
sioners were occupied betwe©n two and three years in
the inquiry. They were persons of the highest re-
spectability. They at length published voluminous
reports of evidence and inferences. Their conclusion
was a strong recommendation that a great increase
should be made in medical and other charitis ; but
they distinctly pointed out the total unfitness of the
condition of Ireland for any general system of Poor-
laws.

CURTIS'S TREATISE on the DISEIASES of
the EAR, with Cases and Plates, 6th Edition, price
7s. 6d.
Curtis's Essay on the Deaf and Dumb, 2d edition, price
10s. 6d.
Curtis's Map of Anatomy of the Ear, ss.
Curtis's Chart of the Diseases of the Ear, 25.6 d., small 3s.
Curtis's Lecture on the Physiology of the Ear, ss.
Curtis's Report o f the Royal Ear Dispensary, Is.
Curtis's Map of the Blood Vessels of the Head, 59.
Curtis's Plate of the Great Sympathetic Nerve, ls.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
IN THE PRESS.
The PRESENT STATE of AURAL SURGERY, with
REMARKS on CATHETERIS3I, &c., 3d edition, price I s.

This report much displeased the Whig authorities.
Lord John Russell, of sourse, deemed himself wiser
than any combination of Irish Commissioners. He
determined to have a new inquiry. He, accordingly,
selected an adviser of his own—a man whose name is
but too familiar in Ireland—Mr. Nichol'. He made
him sole arbiter of the fate of Ireland.

Judge of the fitness of this appointment. This
Mr. Nicholl had been brought up in the naval ser-
vice of the East India Company. lie, for many
years, commanded, with,' I believe, integrity and
skill, a large ship engaged in traffic between England
and tha East Indies. Mark this! A sea Skipper to
regulate Poor-laws for Ireland ! ! If we were not
divided among ourselves—but no matter.
Thus qualified, Mr. Nicholl was dispatched to Ire-
land. He spent, in inveStigating the state of the
country, an enormous length of time—" to wit," as
we, lawyers say—about nine weeks!—rather less. The
dates are these—Nicholl received in London his sail-
ing orders for Ireland from Lord John Russell on

the 22d of August, 1836. He visited Ireland, re-
turned to England, and drew up, prepared, and gave
in his full report before the 15th of November in the
same year. Was the like of it ever heard ? Alas! it
could happen only in Ireland—save only in
Ireland. He was whirled in a post-chaise, at
the public expense, from Dublin to Cork,
from Cork to Sligo, from Sligo to Belfast, and
thence, I believe, by a short sea, to Glasgow ; but,
to be sure, " his eye in a fine frenzy rolling" passed
over all. Ireland. He calculated the number of poor-
houses, the number of paupers, the amount of ex-
pense, the quantity of rates ; in short he calculated
everything, and was accurate in nothing. But his
report was adopted—acted on—and our Poor-laws are
the legitimate, the natural consequence. How I pity
and despise the man who does not feel the force of
this statement.

Armed with this most potent and convincing in-
formation, 'Lord John broug!t in, and carried his
Poor-law ?or Ireland. He had 'against Poor-laws
a most deliberate and painfully minute Report by his
own Commissioners—men of the highest respecta-
bility. He flung that Report to the winds, and adop-
ted the result of that self-intuition with which any
Englishman, whether he be seaman or landsman, un-
derstands everything Irish better than the Irish them-
selves. Of course, my Lords and Gentlemen, you
submit to this superiority.
Before I quit this topic, let it not be supposed that
I court favour from any of you by my bitter blame of
the Whigs. lam bound by truth to say that Sir
Robert Peel and the Duke of Wellington, and the
entire of the Tory party, supported and sustained the
Whig Government in the full extent of their Poor law
measure for Ireland.

The third proposition to which I claim your atten-
tion, my Lords and Gentlemen, is this :—T hat a Poor-
law cannot possibly increase the property of any coun-
try. It has no positive or augmenting qyality, such as
have manufactures, or agriculture, or commerce. It
is merely a new distribution of property already in
the country. For example—the Poor-law does not
bring an additional shilling into Ireland; it only
changes the person who is to have the shillings or their
value ; that is, it shifts the money from the rate-
payer to the pauper, and I think it changes it disad-
vantageously. Before the Poor-law, the rate-payer
was in the enjoyment of all his property, which he
had, either by hereditary descent from the earnings
of his ancestor, or by means of his own earnings; in
short, it was his own by the most just title—that is,
l 7 sonic industrious acquisition, or wise economy.
'lhePoor-law does this—it takes away property, thus
honestly earned, from.the rate-payer who earned it,
and gives it, to the extent of the rate, to the pauper
who did not earn it at all.

Thus it is quite clear that, in point of fact a Poor-
law, instead of promoting industry, does, in its na-
ture, retard the progress of individual wealth. I say
this, of course, quite independently of charity to the
poor, to which I shall call your attention presently.
The fourth proposition to which I beg to call your
attention is this :—That there is scarcely any country
in the world with such a Poor-law as that in Ireland.
iitshhol purelyd. discretionary
Secondly,
re.
The experiment made on us is new. To this I beg
your particular attention. There are, three features
that distinguish, unfavourably, the Irish Poor-law
from almost all others. First, no pauper has, in Ire-
land, nrelief;iv
e oßeliefr
w
lief is strictly confined to the precincts of the poor-
tdh, e arightguardia to n
s to g
poor-
house; no relief can be given outside of its walls. The
Irish Poor-law accompanies relief with • •
Imprisonment.
It proclaims, " starve or go to gaol ;" and, thirdly,
the assessment on property is •
pulsory.
_ _

TAIT'S EDINBURGH MAGAZINE, for
JANUARY, Price One Shilling, will contain :
Public Affairs—Peratilt ; or, Slaves and their Masters—The
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Modern Romance; No. V. ; the Legal Technical—The
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London.

The- fifth proposition to which I beg
attention is
this :---That our Poor-law is not calculated or intended
to do any good to the mere pauper. It is calculated
and intended to give relief to the destitute alone. It
relieve poverty does not, therefore, until it amounts to
actual destitution; and, even then, it gives no assist-
ance, except in a place of confinement, and to the ex-
tent of merely sustaining existence. Besides, it
separates the husband from the wife, and the mother
from her children above the age of infancy. It utterly
refuses to give relief to any part of a family, unless the
entire submit to confinement. The son is tempted to
desert his mother—the brother to desert his sister—
the father to desert his family, who, in his absence,
are receivable into the workhouse. It is not, perhaps,
easy to conjecture the extent of criminality to which
the unhappy husband may be thus exposed ; hut that
law cannot be a good one which creates and presses
such temptation on sons, brothers, husbands. The
boast of those who knew and loved the Irish character,
was the sanctity of their domestic affections. The
Poor-law is calculated to extinguish this loving and
loveable virtue.

Just published, Third Edition, price Bs. cloth,
A NEW TREATISE ON CHESS.
By GEORGE WALKER.
This New Edition is now the only really scientific compen-
dium of the Game at a moderate price.
" Certainly nothing like a complete Treatise previouslyiex-
isted in our language. It will create troops of new players. '—
Bell's Life in London. Also,
WALKER'S CHESS MADE EASY, for beginners.
Price 3s. 6d.

WALKER'S EDITION of STURGES'S GUIDE to the
GAME of DRAUGHTS. ss.

WALKER'S CRIBBAGE-PLAYER'S TEXT-BOOK.
35. 6d.

SELECT GAMES at CHESS, as actually played by
Phillidor and his Contemporaries. Price ss.
London : Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper, Paternoster-row.

OLAR and CANDLE LAMPS.=—A Solar
1,3 Lamp to burn common Oil without smoke or smell,
225. 6d. ; a Palmer's Patent Candle Lamp to give the light of
two mould candles, burnished, with glass shade, 9s. ; Hot
Water Dishes for Venison, Beef-steak, or Stews ; a set of Six
London-made Patent Dish Covers, 30s ; Fenders, 3ft., 65.,
3ft. Gin., 7s. if bronzed, Mt., Bs., 3ft. 6in., 9s. 6d.; Fire Irons,
3s. 6d. ; Coal Scuttles, Paper and Japan Tea Trays, and every
article in Furnishing Hardware, at reduced Prices.
FRITIT DESSERT KNIVES with FRENCH FORKS, of
C. WATSON'S (late Alderman) NEW ALBATA PLATE
(which is so rap'dly superseding Silver) in sets of 24 pieces,
with Ivory handles, 455. ; carved Ivory handles, 50s. ; Albert
pattern handles; 50s. ; if in mahogany cases 16s. extra.
C. W. begs the Public will understand this metal is pecu-
liarly his own, and is manufactured into every Article for the
Table and sideboard. Export and Wholesale Orders promptly
executed on advantageous Terms. Exclusive Warehouses, 41
and 42, Barbican, and 16, Norton Folgate, Established.so Years.

In the Memoir of " Marie Leckzinsky," w ife of
Louis the Fifteenth, we have a passing sleet( h of
the Regent Orleans, whose character is draw ix in
too favourable colours, for surely to Say met:ely
that he " was a man of licentious habits, but; not
criminal," is to state only half the truth c,f a
Prince who was addicted to every species or; ro-
fligacy and vice, short of absolute murder; v 'ho
corrupted society to its very heart's core ; ; Ind
whose reckless extravagance brought his con') try
to the verge of ruin! Pope's famous &um i‘cia-
tion of the general corruption that marked the
habits, tastes, and feelings of the higher classes
in England during the reign of Anne, apt dies
with tenfold force to France during the Orle ans
Regency. Of Madame de Pompadour, the r
nis-
tress of Louis the Fifteenth, our authoress gil res,
not so much a portrait, as the outline of o
Nevertheless, the lineaments are correct, and • will
be readily recognised by all who Pre acquaint

SINGurAn PI ircomsNos.—On Friday morning,
last week, between the hours of four and five, a most
remarkable phenomenon was observed by all the car-
riers approaching Perth by the north and west roads.
The phenomenon was that of the whole surrounding
country in the districts of Dunkeld, Crietf, Blair-
gowrie, &c., being suddenly illuminated by a blaze of
light, which rendered objects for several miles around
more distinctly visible than on the clearest noon-
day. Sheep, cattle, trees, and bushes, were beheld
with an accuracy, at six and seven miles' distance,
equal to what would be produced by the finest
telescope, so vivid and intensely brilliant was the
light. This curious phenomenon lasted nearly a
minute, and, as is described by those who wit-
nessed it, had a kind of unsteady motion, resembling,
in the impression it created on their minds, the
roll of the waves of the sea after the subsidence of
a storm. The light was dazzlingly white, and, from
u' 14t vro learn, appeared like the " white light" dis-
played by pyroteehnista, but, of course, on a much
grander and more extensive scale, Robert APDonald,
the Dunkeld carrier, alleges that he felt distinctly a
neat produced by it, similar to what would be ex-
perienced in passing the door of premises in which
there was a powerful furnace-blast working. He
was in the neighbourhood of Birnam at the time, and
distinctly saw the colour and plumage of several chaf
finches perched upon a trey at the road-side. From
his account, compared with the acoounts of the other
carriers, he appears to have been in the very focus of
the meteoric phenomenon, as, while they felt no heat,
they concur in stating that the centre of its brilliancy
seined t,4 I* a little below Dunkeld. The morning
was otherwise very 40'14 with a thick, raw, rhymy
atmosphere.—Pera Courier.
INTERESTING TO LADIES.—PerSOnS of delicate
compleNion are susceptible of the influence of the atmos-
phere 4t this peculiar season and Ladies, whether fre-
quenting the crowded saloon, the close assembly, the
rural ride or drive, the summer promenade, or the
aquatic excursion, should invariably have recourse to
that invaluable diSOQVery, ROWLAND'S KALYDOR, which
is found to be the most gentle yet effieacious preparation
that science has discovered fur the preservation of female
beauty and Bram Throughout season, time and climate,
• '" faithful auxiliary arrays the neck and arms in
I *--;iliancy and perpetuates the vivid bloom of
t radiant •••1
juvenile attraction. .

Robert Loosemore, of Tiverton, appeared before
Mr. Sergeant Goulburn, the local Judge of Bank •
ruptcy, at the Castle of Exeter, on Monday. The
termination of the case was hardly more satisfactory
than the opening was astounding. The bankrupt,
after four attempts, succeeded in giving no satisfac-
tory explanation. His certificate was, therefore, with-
held, by the proceedings being adjourned sine die.—
Western Times.

There is nothing so revolting in our Poor-law, as
the absolute, indeed despotic, authority of the Com-
missioners. The tendency of irresistible power
always is to abuse; and I believe no proposition will
be more universally assented to than this—that our
Poor-law Commissioners have wantonly, foolishly,
and perversely abused their authority. They have
even stained themselves by acts which are naturally
attributed, and, I very much fear, justly attributed, to
motives of religious bigotry and political partiality.
If ever there was a country which required, in
making the experiment of a Po"or-law, great urbanity
of manner and language, quiet firmness, the total ab-
sence of all irritation, entire patience and forbearance,
even NN here the guardians were wrong, and, above
all, the total absence of party spirit and religious
bigotry—if ever there was an experiment requiring
all those qualities and such conduct on the part of the
Poor-law Commissioners, that experiment was the
introduction of the Poor-law into Ireland. Yet, I
believe it will be admitted on all hands, and by all
parties, that our Poor-law Commissioners have totally
failed in all these qualities.
They have thus erected a house for the accommo-
dation of 2,000 persons, without a sewer ! Is it
possible to give a stronger proof of wasteful bunder-
ing ? Ought such men to continue Commissioners