The Sun.
London, England, 1818-09-26 00:00:00

SATURDAY, SEPTEMI3ER 26, 1818.

VIC .7 7.72 11, L NG- OFFICE; Sept. 4, 1818.

-THE COMMISSIONERSfor VICTUALLING
His .314)ESTY'S 217,1VY do hereby give Notice,
That on Tuesday, the 29th Instant, they will be ready to
eceive Tenders in writing (sealed up), and treat for the
Supply of what RUM may be demanded for the use of his Ma-
jesty's Ships and Vessels at Londonderry and Loughswilly,
for Twelve Months certain from the 22d October next, and
further until Six Months' warning shall be given for the ter-
mination of the CoNtroct.

The Conditiqns of which may be seen at the Secretary's
Office, at this Office; or by applying to the Collector of his
Majesty's nas at Londonderry.
• No regard will be had to any Tender in -which the Price
shall not be inserted in Words at length, or that shall not
be delivered to the Board before One o'Clock on the said
Tueiday, the 291 h Instant ; nor unless the Person who
makes the Tender, or some Person on his behalf, attends - to
answer when called for.

Each Tender must also be accon.nankd by a Letter signed
by two responsible Persons engo gins to become bound with the
Purty tendering, in the penal Sunt o/ 5001. for the due per-
formance o
.1 the Contract.

FURLICATIONS. •
LAWRENCE ON THE ELdIN M€RBLES.
THE Subscribers to the above Work rare re•
spectfully informed that it is now ready for delivery
and they are molested to send fur their Copies to.I PORTIO.I
81,Pall Mall, who is authorized to receive their Subscry-
tion.—Tbe Price to Non-Subscribers is Three Guineas.

rrHEQUARTERLY REVIEW, No XXXVII
wasphlished TUN DAY. • •

Pri.nted for Jot' N NIuRRAY, ,Albeyiarly-street.

MR. MITFORD'S HISTOWY. OF GREECE. .
(Continued.)
This Day were p.ll,lislied,
In Quarto, price 21. 2s. in hoards,
THE FIFTH VOLUME o 1 the lITSTORy
of GREECE; comprehending the e.416).e.., Reign of
Alandertbe Great.

By WILLIAM MITFORD, Esq.
Printed for 'l'. Candi and W. Davies, Strand.
Of whom also nta}• be had,
I The Four Preceding Volumes; including the -History
of Greece from the earliest Accounts to the Death of Philip
Kiligof Macedonia. Price 71. 4s. in boards.

2:Tlle same ‘Vork, handsomely printed in Eight Volumes
Bvo. piice 41: Is. in !wards.

:3. An Inquiry into the Principle, of Harmony in Language,
and of the Mechanism of Verse, Modern and Ancient. The
Second Edition, with Improvements and large Additions. Rya.
price 7s. 6d. in hoards.

ThiS Day was published, price gs, •
The Second 'Edition -of
THE GAB DEN Lti'S. CC) VI PANION; or,
Horticiaturat cah.dar. To-- which is annexed, on a
Plan never before exh bited; the. GARDEN SEED and
PLANT ESTIMATE, shew•iiig the necessary quantity to 'be
provided of Seeds, Roots, Offsets, or. Plants, in proportion
to the dimensions of theGroitnd. Edit,ul
.from the Original
Manuscript of .1. Abercrombie, Author of " The Practical
Gardener," &c.
• By J. MEAN,
Head Gardener to Sir •A. Hume, Hart. of Wormleybury
Park,' He►'ts.
Printed for 'l'. Cadet]. and W. Ditties, strand, London; W.
BlaCkwood, Edinburgh ; and .1. Cumming, Dublin,
01 whom may also he had,
The PRACTICAL GA RDEN E ; or, Improved System of
Modern Horticulture, Second Edition; price 9s. in 10,.),(t5.

THE SPORTS OF THE FIELD, &c. --
This Hay were.putdisked,
n 8 Vols. Derry 410 pi ice 71;175. 6CI. boards, or 3 Vols.
Royal Svo. price 51. ss. hoards,

RURAL. SPURT'S; or, Descripit•,n of the
Pleakires and Amusements arising from the Air, the
Fields, time Waters, and the Forests; being Rules and Di-
rections far Shooting, Fishing, Hunting, 'Fra,iniog, and Ma-
nagement. of Dogs for Shooting, Coursing, [hinting, ,Sce.;
with an Abbreviation of tha Laws relative to each; inter-
spersed with Sketches and Anecdotes from Natural History.
By the Rev. W. B. DANIEL.
_ .

Illustrated by Seventy-two Plates, representing One Hun;
dred and .Eiglity-three Figures of Dogs, Beasts of the Forest,
Land Birds' -of Sport," Water FOwl, Fish, &c.; principally
from Drawings by Reinagle, and en7raved by Scott.
Printed for Longman, Hurst, Kees, Orme, and Brown,
and Cadell and Davie:s, LOndon.

!,WIDOW ,wEix-frz,---e---.Em ALE PTLLS:—.
MEDICINE which has_stood the test tor a
long series of years, and is well known for its peculiar
etlicticy
in removing the Green Sickness, And other Obstruc-
tions attendant on the female Sex. The cases, proving that
the afilicted, who hale hitharto resorted to the use of it, hive
uniformly been relieved in the most sovereign manner, are
voluminous, and specified iiitthe hills of directions.
To guard the public against imposition, the name of C.
Kearsley is engraved on the stamp, by the special permission
of the Commissioners of Stampsovithout which they are not
warranted to he genuine.

PrePared by 61rs.•Kearstey alone, from the Original and
Genuine Recipe, and sold, wholesale and retail by Harpr,
BoAs'ellet, 41i,Fleet-slreet ; Bar'clay and Sons, Fleet-market ;
Newbety. and• Sons, St. Paul's ,Church-card; Sutton and Cu.
BoWChUrcli-yrd; Butler and sons, Cheapside ; Sanger. 150,
Oxford-street, opposite Bond-street; Evans and. Semi, Long-
lane, Smithfield ; andJohnstone, Greek-street, Soho.
Madam,:—Havinglor, Many months been• afflicted with a
violent pain in my side, with dithcalt y Of breathing., and me-
dical advice having failed, I was induced to try your excel-
lent Pills, from Ifoirnd immediate relief, and have
eolitinttiA perfectly well ever since.

13elicyc me, dear Madam, your's truly,
Rew Green, April
Price 4s. /1:01-31'7b.ox, stamp included.
92d9.,

M. E. E.

------------
, COURSE OF EXCHANGE, FRI DAY, SEPT. 25.
Amsterdam ' • .i 37 GR. 2 Us.
Ditto, at Sight
Alifstetdani • II 10' C. F.
Ditto, at Sight
Rot terdain I I 11 2 Us.
Antwerp
11 14Ex:Money
ni Habuirgla
Altona ........ . ..•••• • 34 II 2i Us.
Paris,'3 Day's sight
2.4 70 0 Us.
Ditto
BourdeauX, ditto - 90 0 Us.
Frank fort on the Main
Madrid
Cadiz
is Effective
ROoa 3B
.Effective
Seviilif • -
Gibraltar .. sd .
Barcelona
Leghorn, •• •
Genoa... 4b —Venice, Ital. Liv. 25 50
Malta., ..50 —Naples .......... 43. - •
Palermo
Lisbon
Oporto
Kin Jne.iro
.....91 ... —Cork, ....1)/ per Cent.
Agio of the Bank on Holland.. 2 per Cent.
• -• BULLION..

Portugal Gold, in Coin
.1.0 0 0 per Oz.
New Doubloons
Silver, in Bars ............ 0 S. 4f

LITERARY REVIEW.

" Winter. is here, on the whole, an agreeable
season ; we have many days,' and even weeks,
Which are truly delightful. Extreme cold does
not seem to belong •to•us ; • bnt we have some very
severe paroxysms of it-when the wind. sets-in froth
the north-west, the. thermometer falling tapidly
to seven or eight degrees below Zero ; but when
it shifts to any other quarter mild weather re-
turns, and we have clear sunshine, with the ther-.
nronreter• frequently above fifty degrees in the
shade. Good roads, however, and good houses,
are as yet wanting to render the winters of this
country pleasant.,•—f'.

" We are now feasting on wild turkeys, We
hare not sat down to dinner for the 14st month,
believe, without a fine roast tut key. They weigh
about 12 pounds: and are sold five for a dollar.
Some weigh 25 pounds. 1 have heard of 30."
P. 41.

We hope to hear further accounts of Mr. h-
heck', Procce4ing,.. • , „

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EWERS .FRONT ILLINOIS. By MnnKTs BIRFCBECK, A
thor of " Notes on a Journey through America," &c. 810.

This interesting little volume is a continuation
of Mr. BlnKsEcic's Account of his New Settle-
ment in America, with which most of our Readers
are doubtless familiar. To those, however, who
have not seen his former Work, it may be neces-
sary to state, by way of explanation, that the
Author, who was a considerable farmer in Sur-
rey, and who had suffered, in common with others
of his profession, vet y heavy- losses, through the
change of times consequent on the peace, de.;
cided on emigrating to America with his family;
and in the spring of 1817, embatked from Eng-
land, and landed at Norfolk in Virginia. From
this place be proceeded through Richmond,
Washington, &c. to Pittsburg, and thence clown
the Banks of the Ohio River for about 1200 miles,
in search of a desirable place of settlement. At
length he fixed on a beautiful spot of rich Prairie,
tlaf oral meadow, in the south-east district of
time Illinois territory, between the Big and Little
Wabash Rivers, where be purchased a track of
1440 acres, at the Government price of two dol-
lars per acre, one•fourth of the purchase-money
being.advanced,- and the rest payable by instal-
ments in five years. When he had thus establish-
ed himself as a resident proprietor, and had be-
gun to take the necessary steps towards enclosing
and cultivating his estate, he put forth his first
volume, to inform his friends and the public of the
result of his enterprise, and of his prospects of
success.

The natural consequence of the publication of
this volume, was a great desire in those who were
dissatisfied, from whatever motive, with their
own co►►ntry, to participate in the advantages'
which Mr. Birkbeck so sanguinely described as
presenting themselves to him ; and as his accounts

were very general, and he had professed himself
willing to give any 'further information in his
power to such as might be disposed to follow
him, he soon received numerous letters of in-
riniry from various parts, both of England and
America. As many of these letters had reference
to the same objects, it seemed the shortest, and
most satisfactory way of proceeding, to publish'
such of the answers which he had written as
seemed to contain .the fulkst information, toge-
ther %vitt) some private letters which had been
sent to his friends in England. Such is.the sub-

stance of the volime before us.- It is Written in

the same simple, unaffected, plain, business-like
style as the former volume, and displays through-
out the intelligence, good sense, and strength of
:character which distinguish the man. We could
have wished ro see one omission.
His remarks on religion partake of a degree of
indifference and irreverence, to say the least,
which serve to give us no very favourable idea of
lie spiritual advantages to he expected in the
Back wood Settlement of English Prairie. In other
respects the book is exceedingly interesting. We
shall conclude this brief notice of it by a few ex-
tracts, referring our readers to the work itself for
particelars and calculations of- expences and pro-
fits, which are given very minutely :
I am so well satisfied with the election we

ave made that I have not for a moment felt a

disposition to recede; and much as I should la-
ment that our English friends should stop short
of us, some amends even for that would be made
by the higher order of settlers, whom similar
motives bring constantly into our very track.—
Society we shall not want I believe : and with the
fear of that want every other fear has vanished.
The comforts and luxuries of life tve shall obtain.
with ease and in abundance—pomp and state will
follow but too quickly."—P. 3.

" As to the annual profits here, I am not yet
prepared with data•for a very particular state-
ment. But omitting the annual income, aboirt
which I know enough to feel no anxiety, let: us
consider that at the end of fourteen years, when
we may suppose the lease of the most favoured
English farmer to terminate, a stock of various
kinds, of great value, will be accumulated by the
proprietor here; the worth of his estate, in the
regular course of improvement, will be increased
to the amount of 6 or 8,0001. and no renewal
wanted ; also that the capital required by the
English farmer of such an estate is at least double
to that reqnired by the Illinois Proprietor at the
outset of the undertaking."—P. 5.

" As to the comforts anti accommodations of
life, we have'onr books, our music, our agreeable
and kind neighbours, good food 'and clouting;--and
before two years are ended, we expect to have as
good and well furnished,a house as that we left.
It is astonishing how small are the privations we
are subject to. I counted the cost before-hand,
but over-reckoned it ; and we are of course the
better satisfied."—P. 27.

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6r) 41.?:"(),--)Pil

[PRICE SEVENPENCE.

INSOLVENT DEBTORS' ACT.

FOR THE SUN.

MR. EDITOIt,—SCRUTATOR having, at consi-
derable length, scattered his abuse with unspar-
ing hands, and urged the condemnation of Legis-
lative Enactments by hold and indiscriminate
assertions, which he calls averments, it be-
comes essential to inquire into the truth of his
statements and positions ; for if these are mis-
represented, or unsupported by facts and instance's;
the most artful ekertion of hiS understanding, in
argument, on his own premises, will afford'no Con-
viction to his Readers.

Upon a consideration of his whole Letter, it is
clear that the Public are entitled to expect an an-
swer, both on account of the weight and import.;
ance of Ills objections, and the manifold evils re-

suiting, if the objections are valid ; but it is ex-
traordinary that he does not adduce a single in*
stance of fraud, injustice, or imposition to support
his arguments, and unless -the admission of them.
is due to his veracity' alone, there is no conclu-
sion to be drawn from his statements.
If any of the Creditors for whom Scrutator so
warmly contends, will narrowly consider and ex--
amine the provisions of the Insolvent Acts, :hey
will find the care of Parliament has been directed tiv
check and prevent theevils resulting from incautious
credit, and ill-timed or misplaced confidence
and experience spews that those evils, instead of
daily increasing, are considerably deereasint.f.lf
a Debtor effects the disposal of. property before
he is committed to prison, and it is proved Olat-
he has done so with a fraudulent contemplation,
he is specially excluded from relief under the Act,
instead of obtaining his discharge with 0 at faci-
lity of which Scrutator complains.
to` iliew that the Act of Parliament does effect
(be real ends of imprisonment for debt, it is fit
ascertain what those ends are. The ends of

imprisonment for debt are the restitution of
pre-
sent means, and the pledge of future acquisitions,
to discharge all just claims and demands. The
principle of the Act is, Cede, et de cede. Impri-'
sonmeht for debt is not intended to punish, unless
the debt be accompanied with circumstances of
fraud—but in every case of fraud clegrly made
out, the Court has :power to punish by remand-
ingthe Debtor to custody. Fraud, extravagance,
wilful imprisonment, collusive arrest, fictitious
detainers, dishonest. machinations, swindling ar-
tifices, false pretences, impositions, misrepresen-
lions, undue: preference, breach of trust, em-
bezzlement, profligacy, deception, malicious con-
duct, and culpable collusion, or any species of
gross injuvice, will furnish grounds of exception
to the Debtor's diScharge; and td spew that
the Legislature contemplated the protection of,
trade and credit, and a 'provision to punish every',
description of unjust conduct, it is observable,
that (55th Sect.) "in case it shall appear to the,
satisfaction of the Court, that any debt was con-
tracted by a prisoner, under any fraudulent cir-
cumstances not specially provided for by the Act,
it shall be lawful .for the Court to except such
debt from the discharge ;" and the visitation of
such offences as -have been enumerated is five
years' imprisonment.

To persons coining under any description of
fraud or misconduct, imprisonment for debt does
therefore operate in terrorem, and the certainty of
punishment must essentialy produce the preven.
!ton of fraud and injustice. •
It is admitted that the Act for the relief of
Debtors has had every considerable operation on
Trade and Commerce, and it was contemplat-
ed by the Legislature ; but it has been a whole-
some arid beneficial operation. ft has tended to
diminish that' injudicious credit which placed per‘
sons in .a situation to experience many of the evils
of which Scrutator complains, and which are not'
likely, to recur to the•aame extent, for it is mani-
fest.that during the execution of the Act the
losses sustained . from incautious Credit were far ,
more considerable in the two first years of its ad.
ministration than have resulted, during the other
three:

There are defects in all huMan regulations,
and we have. no right to conclude that a system
whiCh-haS received iMportant correetiOns 'is in-
capable of being still more improved. Otir Bank-
rupt Lawi' have adinitted of continual" amend-
ments and additions, and it is reasonable to hope,
that the Insolvent Act will receive improrernents
and alterations which • will render it superior to
objections. ; . .

The Only consistent way of forming a Civil
Code; is by gradually 'eonsiructing the Law 'as the
facts arise which it is to regulate. And eVer'y in.. •
vestigation properly 'conducted, or destined •to
discover hractical•,impi•o!gments, or the :curezmof
imperfections in any sygicm,•will always receive
theqrttention of jurlielonsitnd liberal minds. But
let us not hastily renounce the exercise of our owo '
understanding and jisurgernent, nor yield our daily
experience to the decisions of individuals, how-
ever much we ntiy respect their names or autbo- •
rity. We are not to be fettered by the preju-
dices, nor to decide according to the not ions, ‘s (ilex

others- may: have embraced, merely breatise ttity
have embraCed them. But we have a right to
exercise that judgment with which Providence
has favoured us, and which may enable us to
form a just conclusion on the broad basis of cx..
perience and truth-.
Teaapte, Sept. 24, 1816,

W.