The Sun.
London, England, 1842-08-08 00:00:00

PERSIA AND TURKEY.

The aspect of affairs in several of the more remote
provinces of the Turkish empire, and especially the
outbreak of hostilities between the Shah of Persia
and the Porte, appear to threaten the vast and
complex question of the East with fresh, though not
unexpected, difficulties. A war between Persia
and Lurkey at the present moment would be an
event of the deepest importance ; and although it is
probable that the accounts of actual hostilities in
Suleimania are exaggerated, the character of the
reigning Shah, the policy to which he is entirely
subservient, and the distressed condition of Turkey,
render such a war exceedingly probable. The cha-
racter of the Shah is marked by that vain, enterprising
and ambitious temper, which led to the expedition
against Herat; the policy by which these errors of
the Persian Government are encouraged, is the same
which has long exercised so powerful an influence
over the destinies of Asia; and, unfortunately, the
condition of Turkey already emboldens her neigh-
bours to attack her, and her subjects to revolt.
The position which Russia has acquired on the
Caspian Sea, and in tlic provinces on its western
coast, gives her a preponderating influence over all
the relations of Turkey and Persia. The very first
war undertaken by tie Emperor Nicholas, on his
accession, made him master of the province of Ta-
lisch, beyond the Arras, and gave him the fortress
of Abbasabad, on that river. The last ten years
have been spent in unceasing attempts to subdue
those mountain tribes of the Caucasus, whose inde-
pendent valour still defends the defiles on the coast
of the Black Sea; but the Russian outposts in
Georgia completely command the principal route from
Tabreez to Erzerotun. A war between Persia and
Turkey is impossible without the connivance• or in-
stigation of Russia. The mere apprehension of hos-
tilities must impel Turkey to appeal to her latent
enemy for assistance against her actual assailant :
whilst the desire of conquest or the gratification of
his passions makes the Shah a willing tool in the
hands of Russia. Thus, the two Eastern States whose
existence has been (especially within the last half
century) so closely connected with the politics of
Europe, are slowly impelled to mutual destruction by
k policy which has been an hundred times detected
and denounced, but never effectually opposed.
The forces which the Shah can bring into the
field may not be very formidable, if we judge from
his failure before Herat ; but what are the re-
st
ho ue rpc eosr,t
ew,•hatTht hee spp a
ci r
sa and fiDd
ae I
ri tb
ey
koit; thed armies
ado 1:
already enjoying a species of semi-sovereignty, were
amongst the first to give signs of disaffection when,
on the rumoured approach -of Ibrahim Paella in
1839, the dissolution of the Turkish empire seemed
to he at hand. Are these officers likely to oppose a

• V VI
...1111
'4 • _
• I •
• .11
vigorous resistance to an invading *i
torned to conquer by the purse tha • td, *(
list*
can reinforcements be drawn from ts-it7--r m", 7,
risons of Syria, or the disturbed fro ,
sfir4VP:
pean Turkey ? Perhaps after all, in this ergency,
the dreaded military resources of Egypt n lay prove
the best support of the Sultan. But whichever way
the Porte turns—to the hopeless anarchy of Syria,
which is the only result of the late intervention of
Europe in her affairs—to the threatening languaget
of the Rayahs in the northern Greek provinces—or
to the hostile preparations of an external enenry
in the East, the cause of all these dangers, and the,
only remedy for them within her reach, is the same.
The protection she is compelled to seek is the
greatest aggravation of her peril—nay, there is
nothing so fatal to her existence and her welfare
in these difficulties, great thGugh they be, as in the
counsels of the Power to which she is driven
in endeavouring to resist them. It Was justly ob.-
served by one of the English dipknnatists best se-.
(painted with our relations with Persia, that the alli-
ance of England was prized by that Power in propor-
, lion to the shelter it afforded her from Russia. In this,.
spirit, and for the protection of India front Asiatic:
and European invasion, the treaties of Mr. Elphin-
stone and Sir Harford Jones were concluded with
Persia. But in the hour ofdanger we lent Persia no
support, and the consequence has been the total deatitor
our influence at Teheran, insomuch that if we have sue-
e4seded in concluding another treaty with Persia 'Tor
commercial purposes, it is to Russian assistance
that we are indebted for it. What more was needed
to prove that hi the East, or at least in those countries
where the influence of Russia is direct, and the as-
sistance of England remote and uncertain, the alli-
ance of the hitter is no protection from the policy of
the former Power ? The Asiatics cannot • compre-
hend the inconsistency of our boasted amity with
Russia in Europe, when they witness our constant
though unavailing contention with Russia amongst
themselves.
The same causes wiich have lowered our infhaence
'in Persia, and made rat Power a piece on the
board which Russia moves alternately to the to st
and the west, are at work in Turkey. Since thr?,
dissension which has sprung up in Eastern affair
between
.England and France, neither of them will!
resolutely: endeavour to counteract the policy of
Russia, because such a course would strengthen
Russia herself by allying her inure closely to the other
Power. We are thus rendered subservient to the
force of events not originating with ourselves, and wo
are compelled to remain spectators of what we disap-
prove and condemn. •
For instance, the whole policy of Turkey to the
Christian Princes of Syria and the whole population
of that unhappy province has been unwise and atr-
&jou& But, in spite of what has been asserted in
several parts of Europe, the English Government
never intended, or professed to intend, to intervene
by force for the purpose of improving the government
of Syria. The mischief which was done by the late
Foreign Secretary could only have been increased by
an attempt which world have replaced Turkey under
the exclusive protection of Russiii.
Under these eircumstaaces, the maintenance of the
status quo is all that we rll hoPfor, but far more
than we-venture to anticipatda,7Tit;jes.

AIJSTRALII4-1;'.

WESTERN ArSTRALIA.—On Saturday last 156 emi-
grants embarked for the depot at Deptford, on board the
Western Australasian Company's chartered ship Trusty,
of 500 tons burthen, bound direct for the Company's
settlement of Australind.
The vessel dropped down to Gravesend the same day,
where, on Monday, the Ist instant, the emigrants were
inspected by Lieutenant Lean, R.N., the Government
officer appointed for that purpose. During the day the
ship was visited by ladies and gentlemen desirous to see
the arrangements made for the accommodation and com-
fort of the passengers, and they. expressed their admira-
tion of the complete manner in which the vessel was
fitted, of, the excellent quality of the provisions supplied
to the emigrants, their cleanly and respectable appear-
ance, and orderly behaviour, and the happy feeling which
appeared to pervade the whole party.
John Chapman, Esq., one of the Directors and Deputy
Chairman of the Company, arrived on board the ship
about one o'clock, when the emigrants were at dinner,
and examined and approved their fire.

Dinner being finished, all hands were drawn up around
the deck of the vessel, and Mr. Chapman addressed theta
at considerable length, in very impressive terms of affec-
tionate advice, and concern for their welfare, concluding
with best wishes fur their prosperous passage to the dis-
tant region for which they were about to depart, and for
their happiness and success through life in the country
of their adoption.
•M•. Chapman and the ()Pier visitors soon' afterwards
took -final leave of the emigrants, who spent the re-
mainda. of the day in much cheerfulness; and early on
theVlowing morning (Tuesday) the ship got under way
fkir her destination.

We understand all the Trusty's cabins were engaged
by capitalists (purchasers of the Company's land) pro-
ceeding to settle at. Australind, and that they indivi-
dually signified their entire satisfaction with the accom-
modations provided for them.

FLANDERS AND DUTCH 3WL.
BRUSSELS, Ace. 4.—His Excellency Earl de Grey,
Viceroy of Ireland, accompanied by his family and
suite, arrived last night at the Hotel d'Angleterre, tHi
his way to some Spa in Germany.
BRUSSELS, AUG. s.—The funeral service ordered by
her Majesty the Queen, for the repose of the soul of her
brother, the Duke of Orleans, was performed to day in
the church of St. Jacques de Candenburg. The Queen
and her suite, in deep mourning, arrived at eleven
o'clock. The church was hung with black. The number
of persons desirous of paying this last tribute of respect
to the memory of the Duke of Orleans was so great that
they could not find room in the church. Several members
of the diplomatic body were:present, among whom were
the Papal nuncios, the French Ambassador, with his
secretaries and all his family, the Spanish and Danish
Charge d'Affaires, and several of the members of his
Majesty's household, and a great number 'of persons of
distinction, civil and military, attended on -is melan-
choly occasion. The Minister of Foreign Affairs ha.,
presented to the Chamber of Representatives a project of
law, ratifying the convention concluded between the
Belgian Government and the King of Holland (as Gravid
Duke of Luxemburg), for the purpose of facilitating the
completion of the canal of the Meuse and Moselle.
TEE HAGUE, Ace. 3.—From a detailed account of
the damage done by the late fire at Leeuwarden, it ap-
pears that the number of the sufferers was forty-esgbt,
and the total amount of their losses 99,5b0 florins.

By a Royal resolution of the 15th of August, 1839, z
Commission was appointed
.to propose the necessary
projects of law for adjusting the new codes of the kingdom
of the Netherlands to our Indian possessions. The Com-
misson, at the heai of which is Mr. C. J. Seho-
lien, of Old Haarlem, President of the Su-
preme Civil and Military Tribunals of India,
has now completed an important portion of its labours,
by the completion of " regulations for the judicial or-
ganisation, and the mode of proceeding in the courts of
justice in the Dutch East Indian possessions." Theses
regulations having been carefully examined by the de-
partment of the Colonies and of Justice, and by the
Council of State, has been approved by his Majesty
(by a resolution of the 25th July), with the addition
that these shall servo as a basis for other plans which
shall be drawn up for the same purpose.
AMSTERDAM, Am 5.---The funeral service for his
Royal Highness the Duke of Orleans was celebrated
to-day in the Roman Catholic Church.
DUTCH FUNDS. —AMSTERDAM, AUG. 5.
Mont, fm,„
•ot

Actual Debt, IN per Cent ........... -
Jitto, ditto 5 per cent..
Amon Syndic, 4 4 percent......
Ditto, ditto, 334 per cent—. . 76 :6%
Commercial Company, 4 per cent 143% 144}1,
Ditto (16.15 and 1837) 5 per cent.
Loan 1837, 5 per cent
Exchange on Londoh, One month .......
Two months .....
iianilittrgh, One month ZS TS
Twomonths ......
Dutch Papers, Aug. 6.
ISELGI All I.UNDS—ltav,s6l.:4, Ave. i
Aetnal Debt, VA per Cent. -.:14
Kothschild'a Loan, 5 per Cent lOll4
Loan of Thirty Millions, 4 per Cent 90%
--- 3 per Cent...—

atirty.sev,

_
(Isv )) _ _ -----
ICI6,
Loan of City. l•-32. 4 per Cent ,27i
Socict) of Commerce, 4 N., per Cent RC
Bank at Belgium. 5 per Cent...—. .......
tOtiona I Sf'ciety .. —

...... -----
Exchange on Londbm (short)
—Brussels Papers, Aug. 5.
AUSTRIAN FUNDS.—Visr►xs, Aux 25
f Ivepe r Cents. Bletalliques
Four per Cents. •
Three p,r Cents
Sank shares

..... 1606

MURDER 0' AN INNKEEPER AND /115 WIFE.—
On the night of the :sth of June Last, the house of
Mr. James Mawkdesley, the Oak Tree Inn, in Copprel,
Lancashire, was broken into and entered by three or more
persons, who stole 13s. in silver, and a pistol. Two of them
beat and wounded Mr. Mawkdesley and Fanny his wife, so
as shortly afterwards to cause then-death. Inquests were
held upon their bodies, and verdicts of " Wilful mur-
der" returned against persons unknown. The tallest
of the three men is about five feet eight or nine
inches high, and wore a dark-coloured dress-coat
and a hat. The two others were about five feet five
or six inches high, and wore dark-coloured fuAtiati•
jackets and caps. It is believed that the men had
been in the neighbourhood for some hours pre-
viousiv,zind had found means to ascertain the clefeneeless
state of the occupants of the inn. Two bludgeons were left
by the murderers on the premises—one is a cart rail painted
red, the other is of ash, and appears to have been cut from
a collier's sinking pick, and has a string at cne end to go
round tin wrist. A reward of loot will be paid by her
Majesty's Government to any person furnishing such in-
formation and evidence as will lead to the apprehension
and conviction of the utlenders ; and Sir J. Graham will
recommend the gran't of her Majesty's pardon to any
accomplice (not being the person who actually committed
the murder) who will give such evidence as shall lead to
the same result. —Durham Chronicle.
RATHER WARLIKE.—We have just heard that a
,
fleet of twelve sail of the line is to be fitted 1k Ports-
mouth, as "demonstration" ships, besides others at
Plymouth and elsewhere ; an extraordinary demonstra-
tion certainly ; and one which we trust may have the
effect of preventing; war, by showing that we are prepared
for it.--Harnpshire Independent.
The water in the Severn has not been to low for
the last seventeen years ;on many of the shoals there i• 4
not, nine inchal of water.--Worcester ilerald,

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY.
%Inning. 53 minutes after 2 I Evening l4 minutes after 3.