The Sun.
London, England, 1842-07-11 00:00:00

No. 15.561 LON DON, MONDA Y

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JULY I L 1842

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LOA:ItdoUn,RIBE42..
EDIN B
Thes. ine Sd
nIIE VIEW. No. CLII.
Jesus--:that shrewd, subtle, weII=ULLI
Longman,
mEa.
it,
which for upwards of two hundred
3
influence
felt in every quarter of tilt
7g.eaanrmsadoe Society..e'iettsy 't
;lobe—was fouudej, as every One knows, towards tin
middle Of the sixteenth century, by Ignatius Loyola,
.1 Spanish cavalier'of ancient descent, of whose strange,
romantic career we have a full and animated account
in the present Number of the "Edinburgh Review."
..tobertson, iu "Charles the Fifth," has given a sketch
,f this illustrious man, but his sketch is a
.;neagre and flimsy one, unworthy alike of himself
Ind his subject. lie seems to have regarded Loyola
is little better than a 'fanatic-; but he was more—
much more thin this, being distinguished not less by
xis clear good sense, and ..profound sagacity, than by
the grandeur and sublimi:ty.of .liS desigm.'
cluence he exercised Over the minds of his followers'
is almost withont parallel, and such as no mere
visionary could ever have obtained. Even Mahomet,
when at the height of his power, and -with all Arabia
'in his grasp, never so effectually Moulded to his will
:he lest faculties of those who regarded him as a pro-
phet, as did the founder of the Order ef-4e5..,. Fore-
most among the associates of this renarkfible indivi-
dual was Francis Xavier, the record of whose wander-
ings in the East, for the purpose of gaining converts
to Christianity, is full of deep and startling interest,
to a degree seldom surpassed even by the wildest fic-
tion. Selected by Loyola to plant the Christian faith
in the Indian territories, he set sail for Goa, where,
in the face of a. thousand dangers, he succeeded in the
object of his-mission. . " Swinging in his hand," says
the Reviewer, " a large bell, he traversed the streets
Of the city,. and implored the astonished crowd to send
their children -to him, to be instructed in the religion
which they still' at least professed. - A crowd of little
ones were quickly placed under his charge." On the
burning shore of Malabar"
.bell once more rang
out an invitation'of mercy, and again were gathered
round him troops of inquisitive and docile children.
For fifteen months he lived among abject fishermen,
.allowing himself but three hours sleep in the four and
twenty. All obstacles yielded to his resistless zeal.
He soon learned to converse, to write, and to preach
in the Malabar language." While he was residing at
Amboyna, a fleet of Spanish cOrSairs appeared off the
shore. The plague was among them, raging in its
most frightful form. But Xavier, nothing daunted,
went on board. the infected vessels, rendering every
service in his power; and so won on the gratitude of the
pirates, that they desisted from their meditated inva-
sion, and sailed peacefully away. At the island of
Moro, one of the Moluoias, the enthusiastic' Jesuit
took leis stand at the foot of a volcano ; and while the
elements were all in convulsion about him—while the
red flames blazed up to Heaven, and the earth rocked,
and the thunder roared, and the rivers of molten lava
came pouring down the sides of th 6 mountain, he
preached the One Living God, ;with as calm and un-
troubled a spirit as though he, bore a charmed life.
While celebrating mass in the same island, an earth-
quake shook the building to its foundations. Many
of the congregation fled, but Xavier, standing before
the rocking altar, never once stirred, till he had com-
pleted the sacred ceremony ! At Malacca he' found
the plaCe besieged by a powerf4l. Mahomedan chief,
and the inhabitants in despair. Laying aside the
peaceful missionary; he assumed the_ principal direc-
tion of the defence ; raised the courage of all parties,
and predicted the immediate destruction of the be-
siegers. And his prediction was correct. In a few
days the enemy's fleet was met off the coast—defeated,
and_ Malacca was saved ! After traversing the East
for years, working vast moral changes wherever he
appeared, and defying all the chances of famine, ship-
wreck, pestilence, and assassination, the energetic
Xavier met his death from fever; while on the point
of embarking for Siam. The Reviewer's sketch of
this extraordinary man's career abounds in graphic
passages ;. but we prefer quoting his portraits of Ig-
,natins Loyola and Luther—the two most remarkable
personages who flourished in the sixteenth century :
Luther took to wife a nun. ..oor thirty years together
Loyola never once looked on the female countenance.
To overthrow the houses of the order to which he
belonged, was the triumph of the reformer. To establish
a new order on indestructible foundations, the glory of
the saint. The career of the one Was opened in the cell,
and concluded amidst the cares of secular government.
The course of life of the other led him, .from a youth of
camps and palaces, to an old age.of religious abstraction.
Demons haunted both ; but to the northern visionary

state of the finances ; and with this the Cardinal had
certainly nothing to do, -for he lel't an immense sum

in the treasury; and the throne, which on his entrance
into public life was the weakest, he contrived, by his
vigorous policy, to render the strongest in Europe.
Coming down to a later period, when the Revolution
was whirling along at railway speed, the Reviewer
pourtrays with much skill the character of the Gi-
rondist -paiV,. though we protest against his hypo-
thesis that " as long as they kept awe from the
multitude, they were safe and respecterl when they
called in the multitude to their aid, they rapidly be-
came insecure and despised." The Girondists never
did keep aloof from the multitude. On the contrary,
they acted with them in every possible' way. Their
party speakers were to be found at the Jacobins, the
Cordeliers, and all the other mob Clubs of the day.
Their party journals were those in most ,:request
mons the, people. Their chiefs—Petioii, in parti-
cular—were the idolS of the iie"ol3l6. Xll fhlt ft-Ley
did, they did almost exclusively by means of the
peOple, and it was not until they had attained full
power, by the overthrow of the Throne on the Tenth
of August, that they thought fit to disavow their con-
nexion with those by whose assistance they had arisen.
Then it was—and not till then—that the Girondists
" became insecure and despised." They fell victims:
to their own double-dealing and tergiversation. The
people, who had elevated them, trampled them under
foot, and took counsel of more determined and consis-
tent leaders. With the fall of the " Jesuits"—as

Dumouriez justly called them—fell the entire middle
class as a dominant power in France. Henceforth
the mob was in the ascendant, and Terrorism was the

order of the day. But while we unhesitatingly give
up the Terrorists to the execration of mankind, as a
set of pitiless, unprincipled monsters, let us not forget
the extraordinary—the almost superhuman—energy
they displayed, at a period when the country was
hovering on- the brink of destruction. With a civil
war raging furiously in La Vendee ; with Lyons,
Toulon, and other great towns and cities, in a state of
open revolt ; with the emigrants plotting at Coblentz,
and the Court of Turin ; with the Austrian and Prus-

sian troops on the frontiers ; and Paris itself a prey
to the most distracting party feuds,;—with all these
combined difficulties to struggle against, the Terrorists

yet found the means to furnish not less than fourteen

vast armies, and roll back the tide of invasion with
which France was threatened. History, whether

ancient or • modern, can show nothing comparable to
the energy displayed by these ruthless monsters 'at
this terrible crisis. They succeeded in saving their
country from the rude grasp of the foreigner ; but alas !
it was only to pave the way for the iron despotism of
Napoleon ! 'We subjoin a spirited sketch of Robes-
pierre—the Coryphmus. of the Terrorist faction—to-
wards the close of his career :

At this time Robespierre was a spectacle of absorbing
and awful interest. His constitution, always sickly, was
sinking fast under his vigilance and his terror. Ile
seldom slept, he never reposed. Devoured by the acrid
humours of his system, his face became livid, his eyes
streaked with blood. Hour after hour anonymous letters
. . .

threatened him with the hand of the assassin—con-

spiracles gathered rapidly round him. Men, insigni-
ficant while Banton lived, took the strength of dragons
from the blood of that awful head. He reigned but by

his hold over the club of the Jacobins, and the hearts of

broad-shouldered Methodist, whose mother keeps the
village school. Haying duly digested this disappoint-
ment, Peregrine transfers his affections to a wealthy
• widow at Brighton ;- and goes billing and cooing with
her along the shingles, and across the downs, with ex-
ceeding unction, till one day be finds in the person of
a newly-arrived governess to -the widow's daughter,
an old flame whom he had seduced and deserted some
two or three years before. - The gOverness, of course,
faints at the sight of the odious monster, and thus the
litt!e affair gets wind, and the unlucky Peregrine is
politely requested by the widow to snake himself
scarce. His next attempt is on the affections of a
young lady, whose nearest connexions are enormously
rich ; but .here again his speculation fails, for the
relation on whom she is chiefly dependent; fails, and
the shrewd fortune-hunter, as a matter of course,
abandons all. ideas of her hand. A fourth time he
tries -his luck in the matrimonial lottery, but, as
before, he is wholly unsuccessful ; ax length, •he
resolves to see what can be done by a show of piety .
and Puritanism, and by duly attending a conventicle
in one of the respectable quarters of the metropolis,
he contrives to attract the notice, and ultimately win
the hand of a pious lady, the widow of a colonel in the
army. But, alas, he is no sooner married to this ex-
-emplary dane, than he discovers, while spending the
honeymoon with her at Hastings, that she is no
better than she should be—that the story of her
widowhood is all a hoax—that her fortune, instead of
being considerable, has in reality no existence—and
that she is head over ears in debt, which debts it is of
course her husband's enviable privilege
.to liquidate.
Peregrine is, in consequence, utterly ruined, with
which just act of retribution the story terminates.
The author has delineated the character of this keen,
selfish, schething adventurer wth great spirit and
humour ; and it is impossible not to indulge in hearty
laughter at some of the comic situations in which he is
placed. The portrait of the. itinerant lecturer on
Mesmerism, too, is cleverly drawn ; and the same
praise may be extended to the sketch of-Mr. Hobberton
Mawks;who is a fine sample of the canting hypocrite.
Like all Theodore Hook's novels, "Peregrine Bunce"
abounds in touches of the broadest comic humour.

FRANCE DAGUERREOTYPED.
Saunders and Utley, London, 1842.
While we protest against . much of the spirit that
pervades this volume, we cannot but acknowledge that
it is written in a nervous and forcible manner ; that
the author wields the pen of an able but most trucu-
lent satirist ; and that, to all appearance, he is perfectly
sincere in his contempt and hatred for " Young
France." Such desperate, unremitting abuse as he
pours forth on the head of this effervescing nation !
And, as if he• Were not satisfied with expressing his
scorn of it in good, round, set phrase, he has recourse
to 'the pictorial art to add to the effect of his invectives !
Thiers, of course, comes in for no small portion of
his' abuse. He describes him as a shrewd, conceited,
tricky, unprincipled adventurer; and then sets to work
at his face, which he caricatures in so whimsical a
manner, still preserving a certain resemblance, that it
is impossible to see it without bursting into outra-
geous laughter. As regards the war mania, which
M. Thiers was so successful in inflaming a year or
two since, our author seems to think—and on this I
-point we join issue with him—that it was a miracle
that peace was preserved at that period; and adds
that the serpent is scotched, not killed. "Its crest
will again be erected, hissing for war I A struggle
for pre-eminence between prance and England, I
believe to be almost inevitable.; and the lightest straw
that ever was blown by the winds of heaven may
afford a solid pretext. She will probably shun us at
sea ; the struggle will be • chiefly by land, and the
bayonet, not the shell, wilrdecide. The omnipotent
press of France can soon raise Thiers again to power.
Louis Philippe will not—dare not resist; for braVe as
he is, he has not an utter contempt for life. Nay,
more, I believe him to be, after all, no very strenuous
opponent of the military views entertained by all other
Frenchmen." Notwithstanding this very decided ex-
pression of opinion, we still believe that there is quite
enough of good sense in France to neutralize the ina
centliary efforts of the war faction, which—were it
ever, with M. Thiers at its head, to get the aseen-
ditiley—would most probably be the means of subject-
ing the capital to another unceremonious visit from
the Allied Powers, and not improbably occasion the
country to be dismembered by indignant coalesced
Europe.

the women ! A strange subject for female enthusiasm !
but that usually follows power and will. And there was
something too of mystery in this cold, austere being—
young in years, with the hoary cunning and hard heart
of age ; resistin,, all temptation, except that of govern-
ing mankind ; and shaking Europe from a chamber over
a cabinet-maker's shop.
The singular and ruthless determination of purpose
which Robespierre had hitherto shown began to desert
him. His energies, no longer concentrated upon the
downfal of single rivals, wandered wild and indecisive
over that vast field of enmity and peril which spread
before his gaze. ,In proportion as he lost in vigour of
action, he improved in eloquence of word. The common
horror in which his character is held, makes us unjust to
his talents. And it requires all the charity of abstract
criticism to praise the orator while sickening at the
man. But it, would be difficult to find anywhere in the
modern literature of the Rostrum finer passages than
some of his principal speeches contain. The address,
delivered to the Convention, in vindication of the Deity,
is full of beauties in language, and justice of thought.
But it is natural that those who read should be sj
revolted at the want of harmony between the orator and
the subject—at the character of the butcher, arrogating
that of the theologian—the Nero assuming the Nuina—
that even the finest passages shock the moral taste too
much to win justice from the intellectual. Robespierre
vindicating, in tho midst of massacre, the existence of a
God of mercy, is like our own Richard 111. issuing
his proclamation against vice after the murder of his
nep ews. The sentiments professed by either may be
admirable in themselves, but they only serve to deepen
the general abhorrence of the character they contrast.
No man ever had so complete a command over an as-
sembly.from the mere force of mind and thought as
Robespierre long enjoyed over the Convention, and to
the last over the Jacobin Club. For, unlike most suc-
cessful orators, he owed nothing to physical advantages:
a wretched person, mean features, even the fire of the
eyes concealed by glasses, a discordant voice, hoarse and
indistinct in the low tones, shrill and grating in the
higher, the words and the thoughts had nothing'te set
them off. It was this nimis eloquentia, this faculty so
prodigiously improved, which helped to ruin him ; for
he was eminently a vain man, and 'like-vain men he, at-
tached undue importance to imam that obtained mo-
mentary applause. Yes! he would speak, he would de-
nounce, he would prove, he would trust his cause to his
eloquence! lle thought of words at the moment when
nothing could have savethhim but deeds. And of all his
efforts, never one equal in eloquence to his last speech
at the Convention! Had it been delivered by a man
whose history commanded admiration instead of loathing,
it would have been cited as a master-piece of lucid ar-
gument. subtle thought, and fiery and earnest passion ;
—for in words Robespierre had passion, and his cold
dogmas ring out as living principles. But the spirit of
the audience was gone, the speech was out of place and
season.

they appeared as foul or malignant fiends, with whom he
was to agonize in spiritual strife ; to the southern
dreamer, as angels of light marshalling his way to
celestial blesseceness. As best became his Teutonic

ASTOLFO. Purkess, London,
.1842.

l'here is some power of fancy exhibited in this
lramatie romance," as the author calls it, but it is

mixed up with much that is mystical, and even un-
intelligible ; and the diction is at times so grotesque,
substantives being made to do duty as verbs, and
verbs to officiate as adjectives, that it is next to im-
possible to peruse it with a grave face. The poem is-
of the " Manfred" school, and opens with a monologue,
wherein AstolfO, the speaker, invokes the spirits of
the dead, who accordingly—as in the case of Robert
the Devil—rise thickly about him from their resting-
places in an old monastery, of which he is the lord
abbot. In consequence of his thus tampering with
the black art, and communing at midnight in his cell,
and among the mountains, with wizard forms, not of
earth, he is denounced by two of his monks, and
thrown into the dungeons of the Inquisition, and
where he soon afterwards swallows poison, infinitely
to the annoyance of the demon Thorosmades, who had
visited him in disguise in his cell, and vainly en-
deavoured to prevail on him to sell his soul to the
Prince of the Powers of Darkness. There is little that
is original in this conception, nor indeed can we con-
gratulate the author on the skill with which he has
worked out his design ; he has numerous passages
that " lead to nothing;" spectres that come and go,
apparently without a why or a wherefore ; and abrupt
and purposeless dialogues, in which the vague mys-
ticism of Shelley is curiously blended with the gloom
and feverish restlessness of Byron. We do not deny
that, here and there, the poem contains some striking
passages, chiefly of the descriptive sort ; but its
general tone is far from healthy ; there is a constant,
visible straining, too, after eflivt, and a harshness and
dissonance in the blank verse that are at times quite
offensive.

honesty and singleness of heart, Luther aimed at no
perfection but such as may consist with the everyday
cares, and the common duties, and the innocent delights
of our social existence ; at once the foremost of heroes,
and a very man . now oppressed with melancholy, and
defying the powers of darkness, satanic or-human ; then
" re joichur in gladness and thankfulness of heart for all
his abundance ;" loving and beloved ; communing with
the wife of his bosom, prattling with his children ; sur-
rentleiing his overburdened mind to the charms of
music, awake to every gentle voice, and to each cheerful
aspect of nature or of art ; responding alike to every
divine impulse and -to every human feeling ; no chord
unstrung in his spiritual or sensitive frame, but all
blending together in harmonies as copious as the bounties
Of Providence, and :us changeful as the vicissitudes of
life. How remote from the "perfection" which Loyola
proposed to himself, and which (unless we presume to dis-
trust the Bulls by-which he was beatified and canonized)
we must suppose him to have attained. Drawn by iu-
fidlihle, not less distinctly than by fallible limners, the,
portrait of the military priest of the Casa Professa
possesses the cold dignity, and the
grace of sculpture ;
but is wholly wanting in the mellow tones, the lights and
shadows, the rich colouring, and the skilful composition
of the sister art. There he stands apart from us mortal
men, familiar with visions which-he may not commu-
nicate, and with joys which he cannot impart. Severe in
the midst of raptures, composed in- the very agonies of
pain ; a silent, austere, and solitary man ; with a heart
formed for tenderness, yet mortifying even his best
affections ; loving mankind as his brethren, and yet
rejecting their sympathy ; one while a squalid, care-
worn, self-lacerated pauper, tormenting himself, that so
he 'Might rescue others from sensuality ; and then, a
monarch reigning in secluded majesty, that so he might
k-come the benefactor of his race, or a legislator exact-
in!,, though with no selfish purposes, an obedience as
submissive and as prompt as is due to the King of kings.
In the disquisition on " French Criminal Juris-
prudence," there is a succinct analysis of the case of
Madame Lafarge ;which last year caused such gene-
ral excitement in France. The essay is evidently the
production of an experienced lawyer, who comes to
the conclusion that the prisoner was convicted on
" untrustworthy evidence." ".Mellingen on Duel-
ling " is a notice of an amusing work lately published,
in sthich we find this curious fact :—" If we desire to
find a precedent for our damages in actions for trim.
con., we may find it in a law of Ethelred, declaring
him
and charac-
teristic. a new one."
that whoever path committed adultery with his neigh-
lrioltll€l:lsvowridfe,,,sbh:ityll,,beis oNb,elrigyebdutsn
oibeusys
-
- The-CoMpliment involved in if to the-fair
sex is also worthy of admiration, and shows the exalted
sense which our ancestors entertained of the dis-
interested love of women. They were to be bought
like other articles, and were, we presume, cheap or
dear, in proportion as they were plain or pretty,
there"thing"—
was a
matrimonial
alsnathe same no-
of them in the matrim market, then of course
edifying quota-
tion song.
younggt wereor Otlod,
bteouhgaldt orfor teannt.leor. W hen
The Roman
law was not much more courteous, fbr according to
ethne -Fourth I
riiprittlrod:
"thing"—
that hi;
ci'btet,bi
fttsrinitole°l Ils; ate\a‘e\xeaeP‘st:ateeenrsrals:(BatTikeideti eetsefitnihtl eote:lyfrblaiiliitotieNueN:'r.irilefr following
c h Nobl e m a n
have reduced your home to ashes ; 1 have dishonoured
fis an elaborate article, of a
`l7ldendiiiictiotya,
to another, in the reign
your wife, and hanged your children; and I now have
the honour to subscribe myself your mortal enemy."
this,ftpoo
sbtee
Pleasant information
practical, character, in ,
filttsmci lai aors e
se,p
andistl e ,s
Statistics
swt,itte3s,
,o,
.which, the Reviewer assures us
that the tnglish 'agricultural poor, whO haVe Iti' rge
families of very young children, live much better as
beggars than they do as labourers. The article de-
fends the workhouse system, and the conduct of the
Poor-law Commissioners in enforcing it. Of the few
remaining papers, the best is the one entitled,
" Dangers of British Industry and Commerce."

The "Writings of Catullus" is a discriminating
criticism on one of the most graceful and sensitive of
the Latin poets. The " Last Fifteen Years of the
Bourbons" is an able historiette, but there is too
much contempt expressed for the unfortunate Duchess
d'Angouleme. - The Reviewer may ridicule, as-much
as he pleases, the ignorant bigotry, the narrow mind,
the haughty intolerance of that drivelling idiot,
Charles the Tenth ; but let him touch lightly and
generously on the infirmities of the Duchess. If she
was devoured by gloom, let him remember the mis-
fortunes that cast such a dark shadow on her mind.
Let him remember the fate of her father, her mother,
her aunt, her brother—all murdered, at a time, too,
when her young heart was moat susceptible of painful
impressions—and cease to sneer at the melancholy to
which she was ever after the victim. The last parting
between the Duchess and her Royal parent took
?lace in the prison of the Temple ; there, too, she bade
Farewell to her young brother, the Dauphin ; and
then was herself doomed to a long and painful im-
prisonment, from which she was only released to
bee nue an exile in foreign lands. Surely she is not
to be despised, if when she next returned to France in
middle age, she. could not forget the sorrows and pri-
vations she had endUted in youth'! .`" `lasso Ind
Chatterton" is an article, the drift of which it is not
very easy to make out. The Reviewer appears as if
anxious to establish a parallel between these two
poets, but he soon loses sight of his object, and ex-
patiates on the most extraneous matters. In the
essay entitled "The American Envoy, and the King
of the French," the Reviewer, after condemning the
perfidious and arbitrary policy of Louis Philippe,
observes, " the French are now, what they were in
1799, sick of home experiments at Liberty and Con-
stitutions ; and they have turned their attention now,
as they did then, to conquest and military achieve-
ments. A state of peace they have found humiliates
them. They would try war as a change, and they
will try it. History will not forget that it was to
this pass Louis Philippe •brought the French nation.
The Napoleon of Peace has brought the country into
the sentiment, the desire, the necessity of war."
There is much sagacity and foresight in these remarks.
Disgusted with the state of things at home,. and the
prospect .of. their,continuance, we firmly. believe that
at- no distant period the French will fly to war as a
refuge from uneasy thoughts ; but in that case France
itself will be the chief sufferer, for the fierce patriotic
enthusiasm of 1794 can never again be revived ; and,
without such revival, how could she make head
against the great European Powers which, one after
the other, would be sure to be dragged into the
struggle ?

CASTLES AND ABBEYS OF ENGLAND,

Part V. Mortimer. London, 1842.

Dr. Beattie, the editor of this amusing work, con-
tinues to discharge the duty of superintendence with
considerable tact and diligence; and in the present
Part, enters into curious circumstantial details respect-
ing the fine old Abbey of Tewkesbury, which was long
celebrated for its magnificence and the wealthy en-
dowment, attached to it, and was one of the earliest
sacred edifices erected in England, its foundation
dating from the first fifteen years of the eighth cen-
tury. There is a clever engraving of the Abbey in
the frontispiece, representing it throughout its entire
extent ; and the letter-press descriptions of it are
enlivened by frequent poetical quotations, chiefly, if
we are not mistaken, from the works of Sir Walter
Scott. .

FOREIGN QUARTERLY RE VIE TV. No. LVIII.
Chapman and 1.1a14 London, 1842.
The primary causes of the first great revolutionary
outbreak in France have been usually referred, and
with justice, to the wasteful extravagance, the li-
centious habits, and intolerant exclusiveness, of Louis
the Fourteenth and his Court; but in a shrewdly
reasoned essay on "The Reign of Terror—its Causes
and Results,' which heads the present Number, the
INNleelN:eieis\o-eNrynillsvistcs
atrhdaintatlhescedsof the Revolution
Richelieu.
He argues his
case With great adroitness_; ..but. it is _mete. special
pleading, for every one
.knows that the grand popular
explosion which occasioned the overthrow a the
French monarchy, had ith origin in the deranged

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oing on,

CONCERT IN AID OF TSB DIS-
TRESSED MANUFACTURERS.
On Saturday evening the spirited proprietor of dye Adelaide
Gallery, gave the use of this institution for the Purpose of a
concert in aid of the suffering population in the max ufacturing
districts. The band which was considerably augmented on
this occasion was most efficient. Ihe Misses Coveney,
with Madame Cestini, were the vocal performers. Miss Cove-
ney and Madame Cestini elicited much applause by their
execution of the duet "As it fell upon a day." Master Sim-
mons, a juvenile performer on the violin, met with .much ap-
plause from the masterly manner in which he execueed some
of the most difficult compositions for that most diffireik of.all
instruments, the violin. Mr. Julian Adams was also much
applauded in a tyrolian air of his own composition, as was Mr
Louis Emanuel, in a divertimento, for the piano tor' t, corn.
I,osed in honour of the birth of the Prince of Wales, and called
the " Royal Fireside." At the conclusion of the entertainment,
Mr. Josses, the proprietor, came forward and said; that
perhaps many of the audience were not aware of the object'of
that evening's entertainment. It was not usual to open the
institution on a Saturday evening, and as many present were
probably casual visitors, he would explain why it. had been
opened on that evening. It was for the purpose of offering a
small asTtance to the suffering population in the manufactur-
ing districts.—( Applause.) The institution would be open
for the same object on the three tcllowing Saturdays. He held
in his hand a report which he had received from the committee
formed for the purpose of d. isbursing a fund placed at their
disposal, for the benefit of the distressed poor. In Paisley
the sum of 600/. per week was distributed. Now
Paisley consisted of a population of 48,416, and of this number
2.588 were out of employ. These men were all able and wil-
ling to work. Before they were all Ted to receise a single
farthing of the 600/. they were submitted to the labour test.
They were asked if they would work, and if they said they,
would, they were placed on the highways, and that was con-
sidered a sufficient test. Of these 2,588 there was nu less a
number than 4,319 depending for support, so that 6001. would
go but a very little way towards their relief. The distress was
not confined to Paisley alone. In Lanceshire there was equal
distress, as there were at present 20,000 persons out of employ-
ment, with 40,000 individuals depending on them for sup, dirt.
Every one ought to strive to ameliorate the suffering and distress
consequent on an extensive population being out of work. He
wouldread -an extract' from a letter inserted in the Morning
Chronicle, dated June 22, and written by Dr. Taylor. We
said, " On reaching Caine, 1 went to the Market-place, ;and
addressed myself to the most intelligent looking of the many
idle operatives by whom it was crowded. I asked him to guide
,me to the streets where the unemplqyed work-people resided
that I might see with my own eyes the etrielition to which they
had been reduced. As I had never been i this part of the
country before, it was impossible for me to se'ect specimens,
and I took care that my guide should not, for, though he led to
the streets, I took the houses at. random. In all I visited
eighty-three dwelling selected at hazard—they were desti-
tute of furniture, save old boxes for tables and stoats, or even
large stones for chairs. The beds were composed of straw
and shaving, sometimes without any kind of covering what..
ever. The food was oatmeal and water for breakfast,
flour and water, with a little skim-milk for dinner, and
meal and water for a third supply. With those whri
went through the form of eating three meals a-day. I
wes informed that, in fifteen families, their children went with-
out ' blue milk,' or milk from which the cream had been taken
on alternate days. I was an eye witness.to children appeasing
the cravings of the stomach by the refuse of decayed vegeta-
bles in the root market. I saw a woman, in the very last stage
of attenuation, suckling an infant which could scarcely draw a
single drop of nutriment from her exhausted breast. I inquired
the child's age? 15 months. Why was it not weaned? An-
other month would be added to the number of those for whom
the present supply of oatmeal was in ufficient." When they i
reflected on these facts, he was sure that there was no ntaividual
that heard him but would feel a desire to alleviate that
suffering and distress as much as they possibly could.
—( Hear, hear.) With this object, lie had opened the
Institution that day, and although the sum collected on
that occasion would be but small, still he trusted that, if they
approved the plan, that they would second his efforts, and make
it known to their indivilual friends and connections, and, he
hoped, at the end of three weeks to be able to place at the dis.-
posal of the Committee, a sum worthy of their acceptance. Thank-
, ing them for their attendance that evening, and hoping to see a
more numerous one next Saturday, he respectfully wished them
farewell.—(Cheers.)

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.
CITY, SATURDAY Evaivivp,
SUN.—Some purchases in Reduced gave a firmness to the
Market which removed the depression of yesterday, and Consols
closed at 913 91,3 for Money ; 91i for the opening on the' 15th of
present month ; and 91i 913 for the Auitist account. Three
per Cents. Reduced, 914; Three-and-a-Half per Cents. Re-
duced, 1003; New Three• and-a-Half per Cents., 991; Bank
Stock, 166 167 ; India Stock, 247 249 ; Exchequer Bills, Old,
48 50 ; New, 46 48 prem.
For Foreign Securities the prices were:,--Belgian, 102 103 ;
Dutch Two.and-a-Half per Cents., 513 ;513; the Five per
Cents., 101 1013 ; Danish, 81 82 ; and Brazilian, 64 66.

Mexican was quoted 35 36.
The Share Market was greatly depressed, and prices gene •
rallo lower. London and Birmingham, 177 179; Birmingham
and Gloucester, 48 50; Great Western, 86 87 ; the Half
Shares, 61 614 ; South Western, 60i 61 ; North Midland, 59
60 ; the New Shares, 29i 30 ; South Eastern and Dover, 221
23i ; Eastern Counties, 811 9; Northern and Eastern, 391 4011 f;
Blackwall, 9 9i ; and Brighton, 33i 331, per share.
The quotations for the Bonds were--Colombian, 22 22A ;
Peruvian, 16i 17} ; Portuguese Five per Cents., 33* 331 ;
the Three per Cents., 19b 20 ; Spanish Five per Cents., 21a
21E; and the Three par Ceuta., 21i 213. .
It is stated that the Acton vessel of war, by which the in-
telligence from Rio Janeiro wee received, has brought home
1,150,000 dollars in frieght, aportion of which is en account of
the dividends in prospects. _

The public. prints there dare net say much ; but, from pri-
vate letters, it may be learnt that the measures of the Govern-
ment are any thing but popular with the inhabitants at large,
The late step of dissolving the Chambers has caused much
angry feeling ; and an insurrection, in consequence, had broken
out in the province of St. Paul, at the head of which were cer-
tain deputies, although they hitherto had kept in the back.
ground. The Executive had promptly sent troops, but the
doubt was, whether they might not add to the agitation already

IR

NAVAL OFFICERS.
TO TILE EDITOR OF THE SIIN.

the article in your Paper of this evening.
headed Mr. Hume and the Flag-officers of the Nary, I
observe the writer has fallen into a mistake in deducting
eight years for the service of flag-officers as midship-
men, for, by a reference to the Report on Naval and
Military Promotions, from. which the extract is taken,
it appears that the Commissiopers, in page 815, state
that a deduction of eight years is td-be made from the

Return of the service- of captains, commanders,
and lieutenants, only to ascertain the actual -s'er-
vice to their country as commissioned officers.
For example, in the class of captains (Return No. 4,
p. 316), it is stated that the total service of one captain
(the first on the list), was sixty-nine years and upwards;
and of that period, from thirteen to fourteen years only
of that time had been passed 'on full pay or afloat; if
eight years for service as midshipman, as stated by the
Commission, be deducted from the thirteen or fourteen
year of his actual service, the result is, that

that officer served only -five or six, years •in com-
mission, and has been fifty-five years on. half-pay- ; .
and by a reference to page 317, it further • appears; at
the said officer had .not been employed for fifty-five
years.; eonSequently; Ile had received fifty-fiVe years of
pension for five years 'service as an officer. But as the
Commissioners have, in the Retnrn of Flag-officers,
adopted a different course (as per Table No. G, p. 322),
and stated in the Return only the time actually passed
in commission, the time opposite the name of Drum-
mond, of nine years, 11 months, one week and two days, is
in reality the period he served as a commissioned officer;
consequently, he enjoyed the 'half-pay for twenty-eight
years for that short period of service ;Aind Sir L. Curtis,
Bart., promoted to be Rear-Admiral, qn. June 28, 1838,
was made Lieutenant on April 21, 1801, and has cense-
qaently been forty-one years in pay, of which seven
years, Live months, two weeks, and two-days only, have
been in commission, and thirty-four years on half-m,
he not having been employed since June 11, 1814. This,
I admit, does not weaken much the statement made by
you, and although in the whole list of captains, com-

•
minders, and lieutenants, the average service is not
annexed to the same Report ; it will be found that while
the average period of their being on the list of the navy
is thirty years, four years only is the average service
on commission, and the average of service of the admi-
rals may oe taken at about sixteen years, and the ave-
rage period in the half-pay list is twenty-nine years.
I remain, your obedient servant,
London, July 9. AN INJURED OFFICER.

TIER AI A JE ETY'S TUFA TRE.—A7MCZBOiena was revived
at her Majesty's Theatre on Saturday night, the chief novelty in
the revival being Mad. Frezzolini in the part of Anna. The
performance of this distinguished artiste in this character was
a signal triumph of genius and skill ; and even with the recol-
lection of Grisi in the same part strong in the mind, she left
nothing to be wished for on the part of the. audience. Until
-Last night, in fact, the English public had no sufficient oppor-
tunity for judging with anything like accuracy the execution of
this eminent singer, the parts she hadprevionsly appeared in
being all subordinate, with the exception of Lucrezea Borgia,
the music of which afforded her no adequate field for the display
of her great powers. But in 'the part'of Anna Bolena' she has
burst forth upon.' the ' musical world of England as a prodigy in
her art, and she has all at once planted herself firmly in the
public favour of this country. It is but ju.tice to state that the
part of Gisvani Seymour was ably and artistically performed
by Madame Ronconi, notwithstanding. great apparent illness
and evident exhaustion ; and that Rubins and Lablache in their
respective parts won the highest applause from the audience.
Madame Frezzolini and Signor Rubini were called for at the
end of the opera, and made their appearance before the curtain
amidst the most enthusiastic greeting on the part of the whole
house. The house was crowded, and the attendance Was most
fashionable. Among the most distinguished individualso
present were—The Queen Dowager, the Duchess . Puente
the Duchess of Cambridge, Princess Augusta, and
Duke
ricarde, Marjuis of
and Duchess of Leinster, Marquis of Clan , ,
Earl and Countess of erse,
George of Cambridge, Doke and Duchess of Beaufort,.
Titchfield, Marquis of Tavistock,
Miss Coutts
Earl of Wilton, Earl and Countess ofCardigan,
Burdett, and many other persons of rank.
ht million pounds of
injurious Abeu: hhalefanifth,and
gM the United Kingdom ;
1 pounds more of vegetable
genlutinise
and not less than eighteen
neofpretendedearoffe ee.
coffee are
f
estimated.off e.are .t.h.astlieSmd' ei ni
}earlyitc ei
eighteen
which an importduty is Imposed, and the re-
chicory, upon
a labouring
matter
a iaina rmheaiellfoli!;uponotdhueenrrdt
.h
ingredientse of
a fraud upon the revenue.
AWFUL DEATU.—One day last week,
man was employed ricking hay in his master's field, near
Ivyhridge, when a circumstance took `place of a most
awful
cloudy,lnature.Thaenda atmosphere,heavyshower of rain fell; the which-had been sunny,
man, however, continued his work, throwing the hay
from the ground to the top of the rick; but in a moment
of passion he raised the fork high in the air, and swore
that God Almighty might come and make the-hay, for •
he would not. At that instant a flash of lightning, at-
tracted by the iron prongs of the fork struck him to the -
earth; and on being raised the unhappy man was dead.
Wiltshire Independent.
EXTREME. DISTRESS.—The condition of the poor
and the working classes generally, in the neighbourhood of
Llenrwst, is one of extreme distress. The bulk of the farmers
have, not the means of paying their rates without being dis-
trained. The local Bank has refused to make any further acl-,
vanees- to the--Guardians and the poor Within the union.
Seventeen parishes were. on Saturday last, for the most part,
three wiseks unpaid. - The preceding market s} great number of
labourers were discharged from their employment, on the_ucGtvoyd.d yr
i estate, and the wages of those retained materially red
tarmarvon herald- .

2