The Sun.
London, England, 1818-12-26 00:00:00

PRIESTq.

Rev. R. M. Manwaring, A.B. Bra,enose College, Orford.
Rev. Edwin Jacob, A.M. Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
Rec. Eras. Drake Foster, A.B. Balliol Colleg , Oxford.
Bev. Le Lluestie Jones, A.B. Queen's College, Oxford.
Rev. 3iisper F. Benllie, A.II. Brasenose College, Oxford.
Rev. Thomas Garhett, A.B. Jesus College, Oxford.
Bev. P. I.:wet Mosley, A B. Jesus College, Cambridge.
Rev. Chris. Dodson, A.M. University College, Oxford.
Bev. Joseph Freeman „A.B. hilly College, Oxford.
Rev. Ilugh Kerr, A.B. Trinity College, Cambridge.
Rev. Henry Motiall, A.M. Brasenose College, Oxford.
Bev. Henry Poole, and
her. Tholoas

DEACONS.
Mr. B. Jermen ('Doper, Ai'. Ohrist Church, 'Oxford.
Mr. ftichard.loucF, A.B. Worcester (ollege, Ox.ford.
Mr Iltury Femtall, A B. Emanuel College, Cambridge.
Vin. S. Bagsbaw. a.li. Worct:ller Oxc.'t•d.
Mr. IL Harvey ',relit., A.B. Christ Church. Oxford.
Mr. Pi-c!iard ‘k'or(l, jun. A.B. tit. John's Coll. Cambridge.
Nit-. I). Williams, A.B. St..lolio's Cutlegr. Cauihridg,e.
,Mr. Wm. Prowse, A.B. St. Ldniuml Hall, Oxford.

Mira AutavAts, DP:x.o.3.—Cotint Novralierre, Lord Co-
tiCe, Lord Gwydir, Lord and Lady Tarn, Lady C. Raul,
Lady Staines, Lady Shep?aid, Lady Wi!toughy, Hon. Cap•
tain Peilew, Sir Joseph Andrews, Sir P. Mighott, Sir (
Clockart, Sir W, Dunhar,,Sir W. and Lady Norlicote, Sir
A. Strachey, Sir S. Sheppard, General. Von
reaclih. Colourl Berkeley, Sze. ec.c.•

AMERICAN PAPERS.

DOCUAII, ATTS,
REPORT-OF GRAHAM.

aih. GRAHAM TO THE SECRETARY OF STATR.

City of Wn-shington,;Sor 5, 1818.
SSH,—Mr. Rodney havir.g undert,kett to draW
np, for our joint signature, a Report reSpet ring the
present situation of the country we recently visited
tinder the ordeis of the • President, and circum-
stances having fo.eVent eti him from presenting it
to me fOr 'perusal, until his late at tival in this
city, I was not aware until then that 1 should have
occasion to pl'eSent to you my individual views on
that subjeet. Brit on an attentive perusal of the
paper he drelv up, I toui4d that although these was
not perhaps any *l:Outwit fact on which we esien-
ildertd, yet that ‘otne were stated of which I
was not a ware ; and that we had taken views which
it Might be difficult to combine during the short
time then allowed to Its, and of which it might be
proper that you should b.: put in possession. Un-
der these circumstances, I thought it better to sub-
mit to the disadvantage of hastily throwing my.
observatiotts together, mid of presenting them se-
parately, than to ask him to derange the general
teportr ()Phis Report by introducing them into it.
The at rival of Mr.Bland,u bo will necessarily make
a separate Report, will, I trust, reconcile the Pre-
sident 'to the course I have taken, as, from a com-
bined view of what we individually state, he may
perhaps be bitter enabled to draw his own in-
ferences as to the actual situation and future pro-
spects of the country ire visited, than front any
joint Report in which we could all have agreed,
as, under ordinary circumstances, that must have
been the result of it compromise of opinions, and
would probably have excluded seine facts, or
some views, which one or the other of us will, its
the mode now adopted, present to you.
In my particular situation, however, I thought
it less necessary to go into detail, as I know that
the report of Mr. Rodney would furnish informa-
tion) on points which 1 omit.
With great respect, I have the honour to be,
Sir, your most obedient servant,
JOHN GRAHAM.
The Hon. John Q. Adams, Secretary of State.

The country formerly known as the vice-royalty
of Buenos Ayres, extending from the nor,h-west-
run sources of the river i a Plata to the southerly
cape of America, and from the.coofines of Bfazit
and the ucean.to the ridge of the Andes, may be
considered that which is " The United
ovinces of SOW h A merica

Under the Royal Government it was divided into
the lutendeneies or Provinces of Buenos Ay:es,
Paraguay, Cordova, Salta, Portos, Plata, Co-
chabamba, L 3 PVZ, and Pun°. Subseveotly to
the revolution, in the year 1814, another division
was matte, and from the provinces of Cordova,
Salta, and Buenos Ayres, were taken those of
Cuyo or Mendoza, Tucuman, Cot ientes, Ent re
Rios, and the Banda Oriental. The others, it is
believed, retained their former boundaries, and,
with the exception of ParaAtoiy, are generally call-
ed " Upper Peru."
'ibis widely extended country embraces almost
every variety of climate and soil, and is capable
of ohnost every variety of productioo. A large
part of it, however, particularly on the west side
of the river L 3 1140.1,. and_sobt4r.ty towards Gape
Horn, is deficient in wood, even for fuel, and its
water ; that which is ttitild is generally brackish.
Although three centuries have passed by since
the Seaniards made tl:eir first settlement in this
country, and some cimiitierable towns and cities
have growl) in it, yet its general improvement am!
population have by no means kept pace with
theto ; for the tower provitr es have been almost
entirely abandoned t,, Cie itnny.oist. herds of cattle
which graze on ti eir p'ain•, and require only the
partial care of a c mita ati,e y few herdsmen, anti
the inhabitants of Upper fern have been engaged
more generally in be bu,iniss of mining than was
fawn; able to intpr veasent or population. Certain
sms:l districts have peculiar advantages, are said.
to be All cultivated, and very productive :
bat agricalve has in general beta very mach.
neglected. It is, in a great degree, confined.
to the vicinity of towns and cices, and may
be said to limit its supplies to the r demands.--
This state of things, combined with the veggie-
tions of the former Government, the influence of
climate, and the force of example, has stiatopeil
the character of indolence upon that class of so-
ciety usually considered as the I,bluring class.—
The same causes have not operated, at least with
the stone force, upon the other inhabitants of the
country hence they are more indusrrions noti
more active : their manners are social, rtiendly,
and polite. In native talents they are said to be
info ior to no people; and they have given proofs
that they are capable of great and persevering et-
torts ; they arc ardently attached r to their country,
and warmly enlisted in. the cause of its iede-
pendence.
Ii out necessary (or me to enter into a detail
of the causes which led to the Revolution in 1810.
The most immediate, perhaps, are to be, foituil its
the incidents conneeted with the two invasions of
the country by the British, in the years ISOS and
1501, and in the sobsequent events in Spain, as
they had a direct tendency to show to these peo-
ple their own strength, and the incapacity of Spain
to give them protection or enforce obedience. The
groupd-work was, lo.tvt yen, laid in the jealous
an'd.toppressive syVCITI adopted at a more early
ILtrrod by the Zings of Spain, whose policy it
,leerited to be to keep within as narrow li-
-Albs as circumstances wriuld permit, the in-
relligeoce,'weah h, and population of that past
of America subject to their dominion, as the
sorest nredos of preserving an empire which
considered the great source of their wealth anti

power,
The revolution Irsving been auspiciously com-
pit need in the city of Buenos Ayres, was warmly
and zealously supported by the mass of the people
staigended from the Spaniards; hot the native
Spaniards, bis well those domesticated in tire
country as those in the ser%iteot the King, nere
a!tnost all apposed to it, part.culatly at the time
1101 under the circumstances it.tuok place. Dis-
stosions were tht immediate malt, anal tt,ric
lung standing it alootSy ant► distrust of each
here by subsequent events been heighten, it min
(leaOgy au4L.lity, »tikkU iitue *Lunt: can wear away),
.•

These rrtssensions have been consiibred as one or
ti r caases thar produced those which soih..elnently
took place among the Patriots themselves, and
vehirit hate been • most serious obstacles to the
progress of the revolotion. Other obsta des w -
ever, have hero presented hy the Royal Govern-
went in Pent, which has hitherto not only been
;Lille to sustain itself there, but has fo,titd weans.,
by enlisting the native Peruvians in its service, to
send at differeor times consider,ihle armies into
the upper provinces on the La Plata, where the
war It an been carried rut from the commenceinent
of • the lievolittiow to the present day with va-
t'ittts success ; • the izreat extent and peculiar cha-
racter of the country, and the want of re-
*ources.haViag prevented either party front mak-
ing a blow decistke of the contest. When we
came away, the advantage in that quarter was
on the side of the Spaniards. as they were in
piissessnm of the provinces of Upper Peru, which
had, to a cert(ain degree at least, joined in the rt--
voluti,a, and some of wbich are represented iu
the Congress, Every where else they have been
oblit'ed to yield up the G vernment and abandon
the Country, or submit to the ruling power. Tire
peculiar situation of Monte Video, on the east
side of t ist river La Platt, open to the sea, and
stro•l!ly fortified, enabled the Spanish naval and
military forces, at an early period of the revolu-
tion,-to make a stand there; they were tiltimatelv
obliged to surrender' it ; not., however,
until
long-protracted, and pethaps.ilkdireeted, efforts
-on Ole part of the assailants, had given rise to
many j.irring incidents Oct ween those that came
front the opposite shores of the fivers ; probably
the effect, in part, at least, of ancient jealousies,
kept alive by the individual interest of different
lvaders ;. ?Luse have been followed by events cal-
ctilated to pro,,nce a still greater idienation ; and,
although several attempts have been made to hring
.shout a union, they have hitherto hero utisuccess-
. Jul. The prod tees of the " Banda °tient al" and
the " En•re Itios," on the easrern side of the
river, rimier the direction of Generil Artigas, are
now at war .vith those on the WySteril side, tinder
the Government of the Congress at Buenos-Ayres.
This war has originated from a combination of
causes, in wlOcit both parties have, perhaps, some-
thing to complain of, and something to blame
theinselves for.
G< i,etal Artieas and his followers profess- a be-
lief that it is the inttn,ion of the Goveinnient of
Buenos Ayres to put them down, and oblige thvm
to stibmit to such arrangements as will dein ive
pt,etn of the privileges of self-government, to which
City claim to ha' e a right. They say, bowevvr,
th t they are willine to suite rtith the people on
western side of the river ;. but not in such a
way as trill sttLject them- to tvhat they call the
tyranny of the city of Buenos Ayres. On the other
baud, it is swed, that this is merely a pretext ;
that the real object of Gen. Artigas and some-of the
principal officers isto prevent a union on any terms,
anti to preserve t he pOwer they have acquired bygiv-
lug; an el roneotts excitement to the people who fol-
low them ; that it is wished and intended to place
there provinces on a looting with the others ;
that the respectable portion of their inhabitants are
aware of this fact, anti anxious for a union, but
are-prevented from openly expressing their sent i-
Itients from a fear of General Artigas, whose

poser is uncontrolled by /law or justice ; and
he propriety and necessity of aiding, them
to rr•kt i Arrniei have accordingly been in4rch.

cd \Obi') the present year into these provinces ;
but ftev were not joined by a number of did in-
li4bit an! s, and were defeated with great
This war is evidently a source of great injury
and regret ; and, at the same time, of extraw
iirilioion to both parties; fur, independently
tit' other causes of recriminaiion, each accuses the

other of baVing brought about that state of things
'which threatens to place a most important and
'valuable portion of their country in the hands of
a t °reign power, who has invaded it with a re-
gular aid well appointed army, and is gradually
tal;,Ag possession of commanding points, from
%chic)) it may be ditlieult for their united, force
hereafter to dislo►fge them. That they will unite
is, I think, to he calculated On, unless sonic
event disastrous to (hr•cause of the revolution it-

self takes place ; for their mutual interest requires •
a union. But more of moderation and discretion
may be necessary to bring, it •ahout than is at this
time to be expected from the irritated feelings of
some of the principal personages on hot ii sides.
The city of Santa-Fe, and a small district of
country around it. also refuse to acknowledge the
authority of Govern went of 'Buenos Ayres.
in Para.,,,ilay the events of the Revolution have
differed from those iii any other Province, as the
inhabitants of that country have uniformly re-
sisted the efforts ot the other Provinces to unite
them. After having aided the Spanish phced over
them to repel a mil!tary force which had been
sent to overthrow them, they themselves expelled
from their country these authorities, and establish—
ed a Government of their own, totally Uncon-
nected with that of *the other Provinces, with
wholn they manifest an unwillingness to keep up
evem'a commercial intercourse. This has given
rise to a suspicion in the minds of sonic that there
is a secret predilection among them for the an-
cient order of things. Bit, from what is said of
thir cold and calculating character—from the

_ .
safe position of their country, and its capacity to
supply its own wants, it is probable that tbeir
object is to husband their resources, and profit by
the exertions of others, :%:ithout giving their own
in aid of them ; and possibly, in case of ultimate
White, to place their conduct in a less objection.
al& - point of view before the Government of
Spain. Whatever may have been their motives,
they have I,i!herto con:rived to escape in a great
tue,,snre the evils of war.
Their resources, in mete and money, are said to
be considerable, and no country is more inde-
pendent of foreign supplies.
Their conduct furnishes a striking contrast to
that of the people of Buenos Ayres, who entered
into the revolution with unbounded zeal and ener-
gy, and have ever been ready to meet the diffi-
culties of so great an undertaking. This circutn-
glance, connected with th&r local situation,greater
resource's, and More general information, and per-
iws the fact of their having been the first to get
power into their hanos, have had the effect to give
them a controlling infinence,overthe revolutionary
)vernuaeut, which has not fai:ed to excite, in

tome degree, the jealousy of the other provinces,
and amongst themselves a feeling of superiority
little calculated to allay their jealousy. Great
,ails were at one time apprehended from this state
things-; bait the Congress which bet at Tucu-
man, in March, 1816, couiposed of Deputies from
he sere' al provinces then united, assumed the
soreteign power of the country, boldly declared its
absolute indeprndence, and adopted a provisional
form of Government, which is understood to have
the eifect of allaying dissensions, and of intro-
dicing a mote regular administration at public
affairs.

It will he seen from the documents in'yourpos•
,easion, that this provisional Constitution recog-
nizes many of the pi inciplcs of free Government :
but with such drawbacks as are little calculated to
enforce them in practice. Great allowances are
doubtless to he made for the circumstanceseof the
times. and the danger awl difficulty it testing up
aueitio institutions, or of atcaptiag new principles
to them. But, after doe allowance for all these
considerations, it did not appear -to me that so
much had been done for the Cause of civil liberty
as might have been expected, or that those in
power were its strongest advocates. It is gene-
rally adtra;lted, however, that some changes for the
better have been made. Much rare seems to bes
:aken to educate the rising generation, and as
those who are now coining on the theatre ot action
have grown up since the commencement of the re-
volution, and have had the advantages of the light
thrown in by it, it is fair to suppose that they will
he better prepared to support and administer a
tree Government titan those whose habits were
formed tinder the colonial Government of Spain.
The conanerce and, manufactures of the coun-
try have grown beyond its agliculture. Various
causes, linwever, hive contributed to lessen some
branches of manatacture since the Revolution,
but coMmurce isuflderstood to have been increas-
ed by it. A much greater variety and quantity
of foreign gontlis are imported, and a greater de-
mat! is ()rued for the productions ot the coon-
, try. The city ot Buenos Ayres is the seat of this
cornint rce. Flom it, foreigu and some domestic
goods are spread through the interior, as far as •
Chili and Upper Pete, and, in return, rite various
productions are drawn to it. This trade is car-
riettaiai principally by land, as is that between the
different Provinces, though some small portion of
it finds its way up and down the large rivers
tormMg the La Plata, which is itself not so much
a river as a great bay. The abundance of cattle,
horses, and mules, and of some other animals pe-
coliar to the country, which are tislql in the:
ni,mntaitroul regions of Peru, foruish facilities for
trausportation not to be found in any other conn-
iry so little itnpioved ; hence the price of traits-
portation is vriy low, and the internal trade
greater than it otherwise would be, though it had
been materially lessened in sonic important
branches by the war with Peru, and the system
adopted in Paraguay.
The export and import trade is principally in the
hands of the British, though the United States
and other that-iota participate in it to a certain de-
gree. It is oapended on as the great source of
revenue to the State ; hence they have been
tempted to make the duties very high, and to lay
them upon both imports and exports, with the
exception of lumber and military stores This
circumstance, connected with the tact that pay-
metit is demanded at the Custom house before
the goods are delivered, has led to a regular sys-
tem of smuggling, which is said to be carried to
great excess, and doulviess occasions the official
Returns to tall short of the actual amount of the
trade. This may be the reason why they were
not given to its. 'fhe 'articles imported are al-
most every variety of -European and East India
goods, priocipally front England ; rum, sugar,
cuifte, tobacco, cotton, and timber, from Brazil;
lothber of • almost every description, cod-fish,
furniture, gin, and some smaller articles, from
the United States, together with the military
stores ; which, however, filed their way into -the
country directly from Europe, and are thus for-
Joshed at a cheaper rate than we can sell them.—
The principal articles of export are taken from the
various animals of the country, tame and wild,
front the ox to the chincilla ; copper from Chili,
and some of the precious metals, drawn
princi-
pally front Peru ; but as gold is worth 17 dollars
the oz, and passed by tale at that rate, very little
of it is exported ; hence time cu rteney of the coun-
try is gold ; for they have no paper money. The
" Libranzas," or bills of credit, issued by the
Government, are, however, an article of traffic
among the merchants, as they are received in pay-
ment of one half of the duties. No distinction is
made in favour of the trade of any nation, save
only that the British merchants have some pear-
liar facilities them in relation to their let-
ters, which- are an object of taxation, at least so
far as applies to those sent out of the conotry.
In the official statements given to- us, In which
1 beg leave generally to refer for information as to
the foreign relations, the productions, military
and naval force, revenue, and population, the
hater is stated at 1,300,000-, exclusive of Indians.
This is understood aseconpreheuding the poptilaa
tiou of all the provinces ; hot, as sortie of them
are not under the Government of Buenos .A Fes,
1 have thought it propel' to annex the several esti-
mates I have collected of the population of each
province, -as they may serve to give sonle general
ieformation on that point. The most imme-
diate difficulty felt by the 'Government, whilat
we were in, the country, seemed to arise
from the want of money ; for although the debt
wasasniall, their credit was low. It had not been
found practicable to adopt a system -of finance
adequate to the exigencies of the times, though
it would seem, from the statements given to us,
that tire revenue of the last year exceeded the
expenses. 'Die important events of the present
year in Chili, of which you arc informed, will-
doubtless have the effect to raise the credit of the
country, and to lessen the pressure upon it, at
least for a time, and will probably leave the.Go-
yernment inure at leisure to attend to its, internal
affairs.

When we came a way,'it was understood that'a
Committee of the Congress was engaged in draft-
ing a new Constitutison, the power of forming
and adopt.lng it being exclusively vested in (lin
Congress. Wheiher it %vill assmne'a federal or
a natiumil character, Is sutacoiLat di,ubcf,ll, as

there are evidently two parties in the country,'
whose views this respect are very different, and
it is believed that they are both represented in the
Congress. The one party is in favour of a conso-
lidated or National Government ; the other
wishes for aFederal Government, somewhat upon
the principles of that of the United States. The
probability seems to be, that, although there
might be a majority of the people in the Pro-
vineesgene.rally in favour of the federal system,
it would not be adopted, upon the ground that it
was not so well calculated as a national Go.:
vernment to provide for the common defence, the
great object now it) view. The same general
reason anay be urged, perhaps; for giving to
the latter, should it be adopted, less 'of a re-
publican character than probably would have
been given to it in more quiet anti peace-
ful times. There is danger too, as the power of
tormiog and adoroiog the Constitution is placed in
the hands of a fee,', that the rights and ptivileges of
the people may not be so well understood or at-
tended to as they would hive been had the people
themselves had a more immediate agency in the
affair. It is not to be doubted, however, that it
will at least have a republican form, and be bot-
tomed upon the principles of independence, which
is contended for by all descriptions of politicians -in
the country who have taken part in the revolution,
and will, it is believed, be supported by them, in
any event, tootle last extremity.
Their means of defence, of which they are
folly aware, are, in proportion •to their num-•
hers, greater perhaps than those •of almost any
other people, and the duration and the events
of the war have strengthened the general
determination never to 'submit to Spain.—.
This determination rests upon time recolleetiona of
former sufferings and deprivations ; upon a con-
scientiousness of their ability to defend and to
govern themselves ; and upon a conviction, that
in case of submission on any terms,"they would,
,00ner or later, be made to feel the vengeance of
the mother country. These considerations doubt-
less have the roost weight upon those who have"
taken a leading part. They, of course, use all.
their influence to ioforce them, and thus to keep
up the spirit of the revolution. In this they proba-
bly have had the less difficulty; as although -the
fferingS of the people have been great, par! ienlar-
ly in military service; and in raising contributions
necessary for that service,yet t he incubus of Spanish
power being thrown off, and with it that train
'of followers who filled up almost every'avenue to
wealth and consequence, the higher classes have
been awakened to a sense of advantages they did
not before enjoy. They have' seen their com-
merce freed from legal restraints, their articles of
export become more valuable, (heir supplies for-
Dished at a lower rate, and all the offices of Go-
veroment, or other employments, bid open to
them as fair objects of competition. The lower
classes have found their labour more in demand,
and better paid for ; and their importance in so-
ciety greater that) it formerly was.
They are yto, however, from their indolence,
general want of educatiou, and the great mixture
of " costs" among them, in a degraded state; but
little felt ie the affairs of the Government. Time
stimulus now given Will operate to produce a
change in them for time better, and, it is presum-
ed, will gradually have its rfieet, as their docility,.
intelligence, and activity, when called into ser-
vice, give evidence that they arc nut deficient in
natural or physical powers.
Labour, as it becomes more general, will be-
come less irksome to individuals, and the gradual
acerisition of property which must necessarily re-
sult from it in such a country, under a good Go-
vernment, will doubtless produce the happy effects
there which it has uniformly produced elsewhere,
and more especially in countries where the po-
pulation is small when compared to the extent of
territory.
I am very sensible that I may have been led
into errors of fact, or inference. In toat case I
can plead .honesty of intention,
.and the difficulty
of collecting at a single point, and within a limit-
ed time, correct information ; or of analyzing that
which was collected, respecting a people in a state
of revolution, who are spread over an immense
country, and whose habits, institutions, and lan-
guage, are so different from our own.
1 have only to add, that we were politely re-
ceived by the Supreme Director, who made every
profes.sion for'our Government, and.c-.iery offer of.
aaaoromodtoiou to us, as its agents, which we had
a right to expect, and that the people manifested
on all occasions the most friendly dispositions.

[To be contilioed.l

PROVINCIAL JOURNALS.

There have been so litany sophistical arguments,
Find so many specious attemp3 to excite a false
pity in the public mind, on account of the culprits
who were Lately excentei for (orgery, that we
think it necessary to copy the observations which
appeared
,in The (Dublin) Correspondent of Ole
21st instant.

'' It is now clearly ascertained, that the Peti-
tion affecting to express the supplications of
Driscol. Weller, and Cashman, for mercy to his
Royal Highness the Prince Regent, was a for-
gery—that the unfortunate men in whose names
it was couched, were inconscious of its existence
a 0 d that, according ro the best-informed London
Papers, it was connected with a deep-laid conspi-
raq, to mislead a few benevolent individuals
London, who bad assembled to apply, on behalf
of those unhappy criminals, to the Crown—and
to render those persons, if possible,- subservient
to the schemes of sedition and calumny.

There is something peculiarly - callous in
feeling, and audacious in spirit, which characte-
rises the disaffection of the present times. There
is no o'ccurrenre too delicate—no event too me-
lancholy—no occasion too sa,cred, co rebuke i,s
malice, or to overawe its insolcuce. lr turns
every thing to account ; employs every thing in
aid of its designs, and strains and tortures every
accident., adventure, Or Calamity, to inflame the
minds of the ignorant,. and to indispose the body
of the populace to the Laws and Government of
the country. •
" A public writer—a notorious one, certa:nly

bns openly Jared to call the execution of the Law,
upon the unhappy culprits alluded to: by the name
Murder.—lt was not enough to pervert the
awful misery of three wretched men,- doomed to
iitto an occasion of popular violence, but the
very act of public justice by which their crimes.
were expiated to their country has befit branded
as a Murder ! In furtherance of tlfe scheme of
exciting popular commotion upon this occasion,
a Meeting of the Ward of Bread•street, in Lon-
don, was conjured up, and the inhabitants, by the
united powers of falsehood and forgery, were in-
duced to sign their n imes to a gross falsehood,
and to forward the offspring of (laud and credu-
lity to his Royal Highness the Prince Regent.—
The Meeting of this Ward was brought about,
scarcely any body knoWs how. The Civic 01.,
liter, whose presence should have sanctioned it,
%vas %vanting—an unauthorised stratagem vas
practised—and a Meeting, nesanctioned by the
law, took place, to be prictised upon by- the
Most mischievous spirit of imposture. Those
who .were the dupes of this scheme, acted owns
goof]. feelings. They obeyed the impulses of hu-
manity, without suspecting the trick which the
Revolutionary Divan was practising, at the ex-
pence of their credit for sense or propriety. In
all those transactions a settled purpose. is display-
ed, to bring the administration of justice—and
that, too, in its most awful dispensations—into
popular aversion ; to vilify the character of the
Secretary for the• Home Department, and to
bring into contempt the person and the' au-
thority of his Royal Highness the Prince Re-
gent. With respect to the two latter objects, it
has been presumed, and we conceive rightly, that
the Law is yet in sufficient vigour to punish the
calumny, and that public justice is not yet so li-
belled out at its wholesome power, but that it has
sufficient punishment in store for such offences.—
But, as to the first, it may not be amiss to point
out a few plain and familiar truths, at a season
when such pains-are taking to coutfound all just
ideas couceroing yerdicts and condemnations, and
to promote the schemes of revolution, by tar-
nishing the administration of Criminal Justice.
The pure administration- of justice is the
foundation of civil-society. Without that, there
is not
.one gOod to be found in human associa-
tions. That it should be found utterly exempt
from the effects of those imPertections which in-
here in all bran-an applications of duty to princi-pies, in. all the exercises of human reason, and
all the dictations of human feeling, would be very
absurd.—Let the members of Courts-of Justice
be composed with ever so - much fastidiousness ira
"selection—let their -powers and their
,offices be-
mundrated with ever so much precision—let the
principle's of the jurisprudence he ever so liberal
and wise in their general. bearing,--add to these
the most exact responsibility, looked for by the
most impatient jealousy which can exist with a
just moral feeling in the body of the public—
and, not%dthstanding ail this, cases stamped with
the fallibility which belongs to all human delibe-
rations will occur, either through the infirtnity of
the channels by which evidence is communicated,
_9r through the infirmity of the minds or feelings.
of those with whom such evidence is to centre. It
is a serous thing to brand as a crime any fulfil-
ment of a sentence, which is itt conformity to the
decision of a Court of Criminal Justice. It is a
serious matter, indeed, to arraign the verdict of
the Jury, the wisdom or integrity of the Judge
who pronounced the sentence which the law con-
nected with that verdict, and to denounce the law
itself—a Minister in his responsible station, and
the Sovereign too—all conspiring to commit
a murder. We believe it was Hume who '
said, that all the powerful establishments
of Great Britain, all her armies and na-
vies, her Ministers, her
,revenue, and so forth,
were in the end good for nothing, but to enable
the Judges to go their Circuits without molesta-
tion, and to pronounce their opinions and exer-
cise their authority without hindrance or appre-
hension. There is sound wisdom in the observa-
tion, and it is tvell calculated to awaken in the
public mind a sense of the essential importance of
our Courts of Justice, anti of the respect which it
is necessary to entertain for their honesty and
their wibdoni, and of the great enormity which
at-
taches to all attempts to bring these into suspi-
cion, and to degrade them in the eyes of the
public."

BIRTH.
Cbriitraas-day, Mrs. B. I. T. Nightingale, of Craven-,
street, of a sun, her ninth child, seven of whom arc living.

MARRIE-f).
On the 24th inst. at Sunbury, James Ross, LL.D. to Su-
sanna, eldest daughter of thu late John Smith, Esq.

DIED.

On the 23,1 lost. in the 10th year of her are, Rose, the-
youngrst daughter of D 1 r. Wallace, of Upper Edmonton.
On the 17th 'lett. 111 r. Alex. "Iltomson. Civil Engineer of
Boyd's Rape•walli, Rotherhithe, in the itid year of his age.

PROVINCIAL Balms, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.

niniH4.

On Monday last, at her rnOtlie r's, the Lady of Benjamin
Cleave, Esq. of Newcombe House, Creditor, Devon, of a soli-
Lately, Mrs. Mulcahy, wife of Mr. T. Mulcahy, George's"
street, Cork., of a daughter.
On the ißth inst. the Lady of Thomas MlKane, Esq: 01
Harcourt-street, Dublin, of a son.