The Sun.
London, England, 1816-04-18 00:00:00

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C COCEOIIS 11-4111

dearer to the cheaper market. Cottons cou'4l
have been selected as the back of, the extraordi-
nary export, only because .they furnished the
means,of liquidating, at the cheapest rate,. the
debt incurred for the foreign corn ; and it the loss
Mow' si,:ilainet by their becoming dearer In the
home than the foreign Market, be less than
thelo4s sustained niton the currio,v of the next
ell iy,le. article for export, then: it is eviaent•tioat
they will still furnish the cheapest means of dis-
charging the exti-Aortlinary foreign debt ; and that
they will contiutte, to be sent abroad, though
dearer in the linif,tl than in the foreign market.
Lei, for example, woollens he the next eligible
articles of exportation•; let thetivbe o equal Nit-
Inc in England and in France ; and, let the, ex-
pence of sending; them from the former to the
fatter country, be fifteen per cent. In this case,
one half of the profit '.oht9ined by importing the
corn woold be lost by Italancing the "account with
woollens, But the loss sustained by balancing
the account with 'cottons Mould be only ten per'
cent, or one-third of the'Prok obtained upon the
corn. It is evident, therefore, that tire merchant
would not begin to purchase corn with woollens,
until cottons had become so _dear it the home
market, that he could not dispoie of them :Abroad
without sustaining, on that part of trausac
tion, loss of 15 per cent. Hence, when a eon,
siderahle profit tan. be made by an ex.iraordinary
importation of any commodity, articles on 'which
the expellee of carriage is small, and which are
little likable to glataity particular market, will be
employed
.to balance the account, until their tit-.
utinkhing'slipply raises their value in the home,
so far above their. value in: the foreign market,
that the loss upon sending them abroad equals the
loss attending the transmission ofthenext yligi-
ble article of export.
Having thus shown that a commodity may con-.
Chute to be exported, though its_ value in the
borne should exceed its value in the foreign in,ar-
ket, I proceed to apply this principle to tine bul-
lion market,' and to the expounding of the them y
of money and exchange.
The precious metals possess, in an eminent de-
gree, the yialities which render corninodities eli-
gible as the basis pf that extraordinary exPorta-'
tion which a great foreign expenditure, or an
unusual importation of
,corn, may occasion.—
Possessing great value in small bulk, they.ean
be transmitted at Fide expence ; and E?eing: Cm-:
played as'the measure of valne, and as the uni-
versal equivalent, they rapidly pasi 'oiT in ex-
change for any thing which may be More in de-,
mand than thenntelves, and thereiore are of all
commodities the least likely to glut any particular
nutiket. ,tkence, whenever. any foreign debts,
beyoitd what tee ordinary transaction's 'of coin-
Met cc can liqu date, are incurred, the tat eions
'metals reilL in ti'ie first instance, be sent abroad-
to pay them; and hence, in a#l such instances,
g,;014 and silver W(ill become scat cer.antl more va-
loahle in the home, than in the,foreign market.
A rise in the value of metals is, inneed, the sante
thing as a reduction in the price of all other coin-
. Modiiies'; and this reduction must necessarily en-
courage export, 'laud check import, anti thus,
without any farther transnrissiim 'Of gold and
silver, tend' to balance the account. It is telf.evi.-
dent, however, that this 'three(' exportation of
ether commodities is the consequence of the di-
minished supply and increased value of the
ate-
tats and that instead of being a proof' that they
every where preser%e a level, is the certain indi-
cation that they have acquired an extraordinary
elevation iii tthe home market.

After gold and 'silver have 4cquired an eX.traor.
(Hilary elevation in the home marker, those': fo-
reign debts Which the usual operations of Com-
meree'cannot balance; May be liquidated by other
commodities ; and the ex pence of Itansmitting
these will 'mist tnte the lunit, beyond which the
value of the 'metals in the home, cannot exceed
their value in the foreign 'market. For exiniiple,,
if an extraordinary foreign debt caused bullion
to be'snidracted, until its value in the borne mar-
'ket 'became so high that the loss upon sending it'
abroad amounted to ten per cent. ; and if the loss
'upon transMitting sug4t and coffee (the prticles
in the nextdegree eligible as the basis of extraor-
elinary exportation) lionld be ten per cent.;
•then the farther, subtraction of bullion 'would be
_prevented; because, should its siipply in thehonie
market Ire any farther diminished, its value would
i~isc'until,the loss opthi 'stiting it abroad would
be More than ten per cent.; that is, more than
the loss sustained by balancing the -account with
sugar and coffee. But merchants always seek to
balance their accounts in the cheapest manner ;
and therefore, while sugar and coffee -cotild he
transmitted at ten per cent., the :exportation- of
bullion would cease before thetost of sending it
abroad began CO exceed that rate. But should
the forced exportation of sugar and coffee (race-
!ion a glut of those articles in the foreign market,
and raise the loss upon sending them- abroad
fifteen :per- cent.,, then; indeed, the exportation
of bullion would be resumed, and its value in the
home, would be elesated so far above its value in
the foreign market, 'that dole loss upon 'sending it
abroad would be also fifteen per cent. This would
form a new limit to the farther diminutiOn, in the
supply and rise in the value of bullion. 'ln every
instance, arid ia every stage of the progress, the
degree Of loss sustained:upon exporting die' last'
article with which the merchant may most cheaply
bajanee'those foreign debts which the ordinary
operations of commerce cannot liquid Ate, will
regulate the degree in which the value of bullion
may rise in the finale', 'above its value in the fo-
reign market.
From the principles which have already been
unfolded it necessarily follows, ;hat when an un-
favourable balance of payments raises the value
of bullion, the builitin of different metals will he
raised is different proportions. As the commodity
which, can be triinsmitted at the least expence,
or, in other words, which contains the greatest
value in the ,smallest bulk, will always be the
first article /selected as the ,basia of extraordi.!
nary exportation,whenever a foreign debt, :beyond
what the ordinary operations- of commerce can
liquidate,: is incurred, gold will begin to digap-
pear before silver ; and will, to the full any-mot of
the difference in the expellee of Carriage, acquire

atill

a higher Vaille-. For example, it gait
t,, Paris for two per cent, and if silvercannot 1:c
tranimitted to the same .place, tinder a cost of
seven per cent., then, on an utifavotirable balance
of payments occurring with Paris, gold would be
preferred as the basis of the extraordinary expoila-
tion, until its ditninishing supply in the home
market, elevated its value live per cent, above that
of silver that is, until the loss sustained by the
increased valtte of golo, balanced the ativantage of
its cheaper carriage, and tendered it indifferent to
the merchant which of the metals he reinitied.

I ani your Lordship's obedient and buinbte ser-
vant.,
ROBERT TO:MEM.

PA LI AME'NTAIPir PAPERS.

(To he ernstinned reg-ularly.)

'l'llE ELGIN MARBLES'.

. •
ttErOiT FROM TOE SELECT coMMiTTOE ON THE
EARL: or Et,GlN's COLLECTION' or sCULPrURED
MARIILEs, &C.
(Concluded from onr Paper of yesterday.)
Wilder, who travelled with Sport, and pub-
lished his work at London (four years later) in
082, says, " Bin my companions made me
ob-
serve the next two figures sitting in the corner
to be of the Emperor:Hadrian and his Empress
Sabina, tchom I cagily knew - ,be so, by the
many :medals and statues I have seen of them."
And again, " limit the Emperor. Hadrian most
Probably repaired it, tend adorned it with those
figure: at each front. Lor the whiteness of the
nimble, and his own statue joined with them, up.
I. !myelitis, show thrtir to he of it lot-er. age than the
first, and done by that Emperor's • command.—
Within the portiFo on high, and on the outside
of the cella of the temple itsell,:•is. another bor-
der of basso relievo poiltid about it ; or at least on
the nortliattul south sides, which, without doubt,
is us ancient as the temple, and of admirable work,
but' not, so .high a relievo us the other. Thereon
are represented sacrifices, possessions, other_
eetemonies of the. heathens •worship ; most of
them Were designated by the. M. de Noiotel, who.
employ 4.1 a -painter to do it two months together,
and showed them to us ', when we Waited Op him
at Constantinople."
Another French author, who published three
years 'earlier thin Spot], •a Work called *,‘,./Ithenes
tinvienne et Nouvelle, par le- Sr.' de . lu Guilletierre,
a Paris," 1675, says•--" Pericles employed- upon
the Partheman the celebrated architects Callierates
and Ictitius. The last, had more revfatioo
(hot the former, wrote a
,description of it iu a
book*, which' he composed on purpose, end
11:45. been to=t ; and we should probably. not ::11%,
hare the opportunity. of tidiniring the bnildie',; it-
self, 'lithe Emperor Hadrian had Jaot.preserv:,. it
to ns, by the repairs which' he CanSeil 'to he (.oe.
It it to his eAt'e that we owe:the ffWrentain-.; of
anriquity,which.are still entire at Atbens."
In the antiquities of Athens, by Stuart,
p.. 4, it is said, " ,Pattsattias gives bat a transn
account of this temple, nor does he say whytia-,-
Hadrian repaired it, though his statue, and that ',-
his .Empress Sabina in' the we ci tern pediment,
eceesioned a doubt whether tilt:Sculptures in bota,
were not put up by hint,. Wilder and Spun were
of this opinion, and saydhey were whiter than th,e
rest of betiding. The statue of Amnions, now
remaining at Ronie,
may be thought a proof that
there were artists in his time cnpable of executing
them, but this whiteness it no proof that they
. were more' modern than the temple, for they might
be made of a whiter marble ; and the beads of Ha-
drien and Sabina might be put on two of the an-
dent 4;tires, which was no uncommon practice
among the itoMans ; end it we may give credit to
Plutarch, the buildings or Pericles were not in
the least impaired by age in his time ; therefore.
this temple could not waet any material repairs to
the reign of Hadrion."
• NVith regard to the works of Hadrian at Athens,
Spartian says, "'that he did much for the lithe-
nians•;"-t and alittle after, on.his-second visit to
Athena, " going to the.Eftst, he 'made his
ney through Athens, and dedicated the works
which he: had begun there ) and -particularly a
temple to' •Olyupian Jupiter, and an *altar to
hiauelf.".
Thu AccOnnt given by Dion Cassius, is nearly
to the same effect, adding, thatlie had placed his
own statue Within- the temple of. OlyMpian Jupi,
ter, which he erected:t
He called sonie other cities after his own nathe,
and directed a part of Athens to he styled.
drianopolis ; § but no mention is made by any an-1
rierrt author, of his touching or 'repairing the
Parthenon. -,Patisaniae, who wrote in his reign',
sayS; that " the. temples which Hadrian 'either
erected from the fouwdation, or ;darned With de-
dicated gifts 'end decorations, or whatever dona-
tions he .made to the cities of the Greeks, and of
the Barbarians also, who made applicatiott to
him, were all recorded at Athens in the temple
common to all the gods." 11
It is not unlikely, that a confused recollection
of the 'statue which Hadrian actually placed at
Adieus, may have led one of the earliest travellers
into a mistiake, which has been repeated, and
countenanced by subsequent writers ; bat Mr.
Fantle!, who will be quoted presently, speaks ea
from bitf. own examination' and iihservetion, when
he mentions the two statues in question ; which,
•,
it is to be obsersed, still remain (without tZteir
heads) opou the pediment of the entrance, and
have not been removed hy 'Ltird Elgin.
An exact copy of these drawings; by the Mar-
,
quis de NOintel't painter, is given in M. Barry's
works ; which are rendered inure valuable on ac-
count of the destruction of -a considerable part of
urkish war by
f
tVheenteeerniaPhlebittilmtbh!.‘lB 0 tft:mo:l6.elpial:if:tia!Grfi3iorteta(ei,
year in which thex were male; Which, hoWever,'
the date
s works, 3
tiLtot
otsitfs::tt:it,nhiepal
riae;oBeht
0(
9sietyo
flitiii‘ratiorrrt..y
Ft, a
tiveh
a painter and anti=
quarinn, Who moulded and took casts from' the

* Ictinus and Carpion were Jointly concerned in this work,
for which we have 1.-he authority of Vitruvit“, illa, 7. Feat.
I- Polio edit. Paris 1140, p. 6.
IL up, c. 16.
Spaitkio, p. 10.
11 Vato.Att. p. 5. gth X7l.

wick Baas.. ••• • ss.,
teen years at Athens, arc given with the t. Inv
of these drawings, in which it is said, with re-
gArd to these pediments,,`.', These figures were
adorned with hronie, at least if we may judge by
the head of Sabina, which is one of the two that ,
remain S and which, having fallen, and being
much mutilated, 'was brought to Mr. F
11 The
traces are visible of. the little cramps which r
balsly fixed the crown to the head. The heiviof
the Emperor Eiadrian stilt- exists. sProbably this
group has been inserted to do honour to that Er
peror, for it is of a workmanship different frog
the rest of this sculpture."

.raci

Your Committee cannot dismiss this interesting
subject, withotit submittiug to the attentive iv
fleet ion of the [louse, how highly the caltiratioa
-of the Fine Arts has contributed to the repatatioa,
character, and dignity of every Go,erameat
%vide!, they have been encouraged, and how ifld'
tnately they are connected with the advancettot
of every thing valuable in science,
philosophy. In contemplating the importance
and splendour to which so small a rcpt_b
lic et
Athens rose, by the genius and -energy of het
tizens, exerted in the path of such studies, it
impossible to overlook how transient the memory
and fame of extended empires, and of Mighty c°11;
ottierors, are, in comparison frith thoie
tendered inconsiderable states eminent, and
I.
, mortaNzed their own names by tlio.e pursuits,
But it it be true, as we learn from history
experience, that free -Governments dor,' '9, Si)
most suitable to the production of native tinc"l'
to the manuring of the powers of die blictuf:
mind, and to the growth of every species 0,
adaptednsyuui to thanteos ten-
:cellence, bropeititig to merit the prospect di re; I
ward and' distinction, no country can be pellet
monuments ttn(e)
Phidias, and of the' adminiStration of Perielejs,i,
where, secure frOnt' further deg C
tion, they may receive that admiration and hotqs
to which they are entitled, and serve rett'''), 4`l
models and examples to those who; by lina,sv'lle
how to revere and appreciate them, tuaY Je3l
first to imitate, anti ultimately to rival 01CW.
March 05, 1816. .
natsfroortil atinielionoura (
Yesterday morning J. Fancutt and T. rar."th
for house-breaking, and I'. Cooper, forschoul
with intent-t„ kill, a woman with whom he
hited, were executed in front of NeWg"te', ,4
hardened did the former app-ar, that lie deel'lldi
to the Judge, " Then since I am.to be lainget4
let the. Sheriff beware ; for if I swing one ffiirlirlibif
.byond my tithe, I will have him indicted."
violence, however, was shot thy
succeeded by P.,t •
niteace ; and from thv'period of the death
coming down, stronger devotion, al' firrner
!lotion, was never ahem] by anY cyjiniu"i. ttif
per, a mere youth, has also evinced, sine' a,
conviction,
icln'l'era
also became alike litltnhled and devt'ut, ;,
hedging „the justice of his' fate, and" de"t"•
iattet honri to fervent Piety. After tkcir
had taken leave ortliem on Tuesday evenbil'' tell
were placed, at their own request, in onc"no.. '
where they spent,the night in prayer and ;14.8,`rr
tiOn. They ware attended alternately hyto
Mr.Cutton, Rev. Mr. ltudge, and some Diss
`1(1;;e0
(21ergrmen. Culler; the young man, who 11,t- his
respitcd, also passed the night with thou' 00,
own desire, and joined most fervently in dev"
„to
Upon the arrival of the Sheriffs, R fie
hit
before eight o'clock, Faneutt was lea fruigoess
cell Me evinced the roost unshaken
while his irons were taking Off: Cooper 01111 i
tA
her displayed-less boldness, but appeared sic ,t,
resigned. The former being sionewhat sita
Yell:el:id an orange, which he carrieddo
to the place of execution.
,At the rctpieb"l.4 to ad
cutt, each of them, ad they. were tied rbdlrstiort ""
arms, retired into 'the cell, and had 001
prayer:" At eight o'clock precisely,. tile ei
procession moved along the dreary e5:14401.'
the scaffold, the Rev. Mr. CoorroN reoli"b too
Lion of the Burial Service. After the uni.ti roe
men had ascended the platform, and the 14 0,01
partitions had been gone through, few ituTarair,
were devoted to prayer. Fanclilt oeari!",
prayed loudly and devoutly. Cnoller Sati
lesS resigned '; but he also prayed feqe'll),:r Ills
expressed much 'confidence in the
Creator through,t he Redeemer. Tile .-n)j
culprits having shaken hands tiffectionatie
• the fatal signal being given, they were 30.010
into eteriiity.----The crowd assembled to
the awful ceretuon was immense.
. .00118E11Y . Yesterday Morning, at nCeloor
hour, one of the stalls at Greenwich fair, coterel
' lug to a. tour. man, named•Redway, o'"1 fps
drowsy proprietor of it
by some 'villains, who cut their waY tbrtaittirst.lll
canvass walls of the building, and ‘''t),e aro'
of Morpheus, contrived to carry off to Ys'
c 4,
g.iugerbread, and other parts of Ihe 6"' 11 ter
shop, to the value of 101., besides dank sn'ootoir
caddy, containing seven :pounds in
and some-silver.
11010
1111011. s„h -
On the 18th inst. al Thulhass-hill, the wife'
was fast locked in 100,
of twin daughters.

EXECUTION.

MARRIED. e the Irish,ol
On Monday last Houghton. bgl* he ei
Chellier^oiliee, to, bliss William Bourne, ui in t"
Stafford. :b
to 6

Royal blarines.
Ott
..til.i.teh.9citl: i
ynst. at Chitittaf.rini: Major 'Pfau af
el
rY 14°'
Csr°lll''
On the istb inst. at Plastol, iii Kent, Elizabeth t rish,
wife of the Iter..lobtv4Villiains, M.A. Citrate of tl!8: ciitiOS
Va iietidd 7e
9t
; !ill; :'.1,,44141141:2t0a;t1 ')
lea, Ittsh ii.ll:;:4ri ji-e'dis' °et
yrti;s'ssll;hl 'fi
1rii.:.7:34..;tr17:1':16:7,1 3%; is..; r:'
Oct Sunday seinnight. very suddenly, at atfaal,, ', „bilstdili:
the pulpit al fialzs Church, near liung.ay, Sutfo'''.'o4.ol. '°- '
charging Ms pastoral 'dirty, Valentine LiunlY 0111,„ctos.
Rector of StocktOn, and Author of several saereit ~,,ad NOP
Oa Thursday last, the iter. Cbristopherl:4l_lori il'oto of OS
!V of the King's School, and,zinit of the Six Pro 4;
t,atbedral Church or Canterbury. in his 76th Year,care Sliri,,l:.
On the I eth inst. in York:stret, Portgran'',4., $;00C
the. wife of the Res. Williitti Foster Pigott, DP. a'
lege.

- Crave-
Ltir:N PE"nted. bi .1, 11. CAR-id:A[o, No. 7, —otent'
at 'di' ; and published ny W. A. SOO NP.fi, of P.atio,
the SI,N-rlr rms. N.). ttc,', strand ; 01"le 86
suents Order 1...tt t to t iadareol4
3 e 1101..1313 C. 115