The Sun.
London, England, 1827-01-10 00:00:00

STATE PAPERS.

The following important doCuments have been in general cir-
culation at Lisboa :
NOTE PRESVATED BY THE MARQUIS OF PALMELLA TO MR.

CANNING.

The undersigned Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten-
tiary from his Most Faithful Majesty, cannot, after the news which
has just arrived, of the invasion of the Portuguese territory, with
force of arms, by a corps of troops assembled and organized in
Spain, delay a moment in addressing to his Excellency Mr. Can-
sling, his Britannic Majesty's principal Secretary of State for the
Department of Foreign Affairs, a formal demand, in the name of
her Highness the Infanta Regent of Portugal, for the support and
aid of British troops, in virtue of the treaties of alliance and gua-
rantee which have existed in full force between the two Crowns,
without intermission, for more than a century and a half.
It is in pursuance of the express orders of his Government,
that the Undersigned claims the fulfilment of the stipulations of
the said treaties; and that he has now the honour to repeat in
writing, the representations he has already officially made in several
conferences with Mr. Canning.
The defensive alliance between Portugal and Great Britain is
so directly founded on the permanent interests, political as well as
commercial, of both countries, and on their geographical position,
that it might be regarded as virtually existing, though it had not
been consecrated, as it in fact is, by diplomatic acts, and become,
as it Were, habitual to both nations. This alliance is coeval
(to say nothing of snore ancient relations) with the establishment
of the Royal House of Braganza on the throne of Portugal,
and afterwards with that of the House of Bourbon on the
throne of Spain ;—those two great events having concurred to
induce the Portuguese, on the one hand to regard England as
their natural ally, and the English, on the other, to consider the
independence of Portugal, one of the essential conditions of the
political balance of Europe. In fine, those ties, formed by mu-
tual relations of compatibility, have too often been cemented on
the field of battle to render it necessary to refer to facts, of which
some are not only recent but gloriously memorable.
The Undersigned, however, does not confine himself to a mere
appeal to the general spirit of the numerous treaties existing between
the two crowns. He annexes to this note textual copies of some
of the articles of the treaties of 1661, 1703, 1810, and 1815--
articles which leave no kind of doubt as to the positive obligations
which have been contracted. The undersigned, in the mean time,
begs that Mr. Canning will he pleased to allow him to make a
rapid analysis of those articles, in doing which he is persuaded it
will be easy forlim to demonstrate to his Excellency that, accord-
ing to the spirit and the letter of the said treaties, the casual faderis
has actually occurred.
Articles 15, 16, and 17, and the secret article of the treaty of
1661, expressly stipulate that his Britannic Majesty will always
place the interests of Portugal near his heart, and will defend that
kingdom and the possessions thereof, with all his power, by sea
ana land, in the same manner as he would England. That
whenever Portugal should be invaded, and the King of Portugal
should demand aid from his ally, his Britannic Majesty would
send, free of expence, forces for the defence of Portugal ;
an
finally, that his Britannic Majesty would defend the conquests and
the colonies of the Crown of Portugal against all enemies pre
fd distinctly
sent and future.
In vain would it he alleged that this treaty had only a special
object,
ePc Portugal tang al Ist, it does stipulate
the first article of.
for a fixed period, but in perpetuity ; 2dbl
tlie7Boa3rebeetxwpereensoPyoai-ptipigraolvaecni:l
lthuaitthit
scpeaasinedi
Ib6e6isn
;fofso-cre, after thepeacneotconcluded
3tll , the
out doubt, comprehend the treaty of 1661 ; y guarantee
„Govireartmßedri,tattinarlalyitifihezeic,hecil
(frig rietha
dveerna't iaos is n
cessionso
of territory made by Portugal to England—that is to
aPrtoierltesig,ailn consideration
say,ant
value received, which England, in a great degree, still
for
possesses.
Articles 2d and 3d of the treaty of alliance concluded in 1703
astnadtedimionmthis: above-mentionedo f
assistance
t
between the King of Portugal on the one part, and England and
the States-General of the United Provinces on the other, specify,
inave
everprecisehampapnennert„hatthetbseucKng succours which
Fbicrhansce o
hallr h.bteieffoKrdiuegd,-of
if
it should
Spain, present or future, together or separately, should snake
war on Portugal. This treaty is perpetual, and any objection
which might be advanced on the ground of its comprehending the
States-General conjointly with his Britannic Majesty would not be
valid—

thelClefßeceteiaounseOf one of nytg%tvhoteoaosttshio,eec doctrinesassociated
p parties
,nsf
dtol law
not oafnnations,
obligations contra:cc:el:l)i
2.. Because the relations between the United Provinces and
Portugal have ceased in consequence of posterior wars, and in
particular on account of their not being renewed since the latter
state has undergone a change of form ; but it is not the same
with regard to the relations of Portugal with England, which
have not for a single moment experienced any interruption.
3. Above all, because the said treaty, like every other between
the crowns of Portugal and Great Britain, has been revived and
confirmed by subsequent treaties ; and it will be sufficient to add,
that in the treaty of alliance of 1910, one of the stipulations of
the treaty of 1703 is referred to as existing.—(See article 8.)
The act of guarantee of the treaty of Utrecht, between Portugal
and Spain, formally declares that His Britannic Majesty engages
on his Royal word, to take care that the said treaty shall he in-
violably observed.
Finally, the treaty of Vienna of 1815, between his Most
Faithful Majesty and his Britannic Majesty, declares (article 3)
that all the treaties of alliance, friendship, and guarantee, anterior
to )910, are renewed by the two high contracting parties, and
that they recognize the existence of those treaties in full force and
vigour.
It seems useless to add other stipulations and other arguments
to prove the existence of the obligations of defensive alliance and
guarantee contracted between the two Crowns. The Undersigned,
lineefore, proceeds to fulfil the second task which he has imposed
on himself namely, to submit to the 'coniideration of the'Cabinet
of his Britannic Majesty the present state of things in Portugal.
The British Government has adopted the principle (and lilt

Excellency- Mr. Canning publicly announced-it on a recent ()era-,
sion) never to interfere in the civil discords of other countries.
This principle might. be found to be in contradiction with some
stipulations of the ancient treaties cited above; but, avoiding for
the present any discussion of ,this question, the Undersigned is
confident he can clearly demonstrate, that Spain is now commit-
ting hostile acts against Portugal, and that those acts are suffi-
ciently flagrant to constitute a real aggression. He will besides
assert, that even if it should be wished to overlook those provoea-
tions, and to carry, as the Portuguese Government does (from the
desire of peace, and from respect to the wishes of all the other
Powers), forbearance as far as it can be carried, there would
still be no reasonable ground why his Britannic Majesty
should not send by way of precaution, and for the sake of
preventing war, a body of auxiliary troops to Portiigal ; for,
in fact, if war does not now exist, it cannot be dissembled
that the chances of its breaking out are at least but too
probable. But his Britannic Majesty will doubtless recog-
nize that there are just bounds to the tolerance of aggressions
and insults, and that the existence of the State, and national
honour, require that those limits should not be overstepped.—
Now, by what right could any other Power of Europe blame,
still less oppose, the temporary stationing of a corps of British
troops in Portugal for the avowed purpose of maintaining peace?
Moreover, it is evident that such aid being stipulated by anterior
treaties, does not (according to the principles of international
law) place England in a state of war with the enemies of Portu-
gal, even though her troops should be compelled to co-operate in
the defence of the latter kingdom. More than one proof of this
assertion will be found in the modern history of Europe, and more
particularly in what respects the States which formerly constituted
the Germanic empire, which were regarded as individually at
peace, notwithstanding that they furnished their contingents to
the army of the empire.

There are innumerable proofs of the animosity entertained by
the Spanish Government towards that of Portugal, and of hos-
tile.acts committed by Spanish authorities, either with the sanc-
tion of their Government, or of their own accord. The under-
signed will confine himself to the recapitulation of the follow.
ing .

1. The Court, of Spain at this . moment still refuses to recog
nize explicitly his Majesty the King. of Portugal as the successor
of his august father, and her Royal Highness the Infanta Donna
Isabella Maria, as Regent of the kingdom.
2. The Portuguese refugees and deserters are cordially received
in Spain, where they have been permitted to remain imbodied,
to retain their arms, and publicly to swear fidelity to another
prince ; and, at last, consent has been given to their returning
sword in hand into Portugal.

3. None of the promises made by the Cabinet of Madrid to
redress the above grievances have yet, been performed.
4. The Governor and the other authorities of the town of
Ayamonto have maintained an official correspondence with the
Portuguese rebels of Algarve. ,
5. Spanish soldiers have entered the Portuguese territory, and
have committed acts of aggression within it; and among others,
the spoliation of the property of an English subject.
6. Portuguese vessels peaceably navigating the river Minh°,
which divides the two countries, have been fired on from the
Spanish side.

All these facts are proved by authentic dosuments, which have
been communicated to the Ambassador of his Britannic Majesty-
at Lisbon; and the undersigned confines himself to annexing to
the present note, extracts of two despatches which he has re-
ceived from his Excellency the Minister for Foreign Affairs to his
Most Faithful Majesty, which, in a few words, gave an idea of
the present state of our relations with Spain.

of al Europe, as its legitimate
th eehiessove-
reign,
son
Such are the provocations which Portugal has received from
the Spanish Government : and what are the reproaches which
that Government can, on its part, snake against the Portuguese
of its late King? Can it be the having received with gratitude
natio n ?
in
accordanceC an it be thelvi t havingh
the
wi
srecognised,hes
the charter freely granted by that sovereign, and which, in fact,
only contains the restoration of the ancient rights and privileges
of the nation? Is it, in fine, the peacefully endeavouring to re-
form its 'internal administration, and observing with ecrupsdous
good faith 'all the attentions which are due to the Government of
a neighbouring state, abstaining from employing against it arms
similar to those which it employs?
The reality of this contrast is unquestionable, and the facts
speak for themselves. All Eurbpe cannot fail to recognize its truth,
and the British Government owes it to the good faith of treaties,
to the love of peace, to its own honour, and to the interests which
the fate of Portugal cannot fail to excite in England, to take
prompt and decisive measures for placing her ally beyond the
danger of external attack, and for terminating a state of things
which would, if not prevented by interposition, necessarily lead'
to a violent crisis. . , .
. , ..
The Undersigned will now only add a few reflections on the
principle adopted by England of non-interference in the domestic
dissentions of other States. This principle (if it is to be observed
literally, and war is not to be considered as existing with Spain
until a Spanish army shall have actually entered the Portuguese
territory) would guide the enemies of Portugal in the course
which they would desire to follow ; for, from it they would learn
that they might with impunity invite our soldiers to desert, sow
corruption amongst them, maintain them embodied in military
corps on the frontiers, and, in fine, commit all kinds of hostilities,
provided such hostilities were not avowed ; and Portugal would
thus be placed between an enemy who permits himself to resort to
the most perfidious means to injure her, and an ally who interdicts ,
himself from assisting. her.
i

in question, it cannot even be admitted
represented by the two Chambers, in
of interest and opinions.
The Portuguese
.assembled the clergy and nobility, acts in accordance
spontaneous will of the King. The
ease in
Portugal a real
d pursues with
. moderation the path traced
parties which agitate the. country, directed by certain men who
and
de I as the disgrace of the nation, have dared to pro-
claim the name of a
mowwt luihiaattßcyfthobthriiee:aererrieseegesaxi
bnrsiys
Sovereign,t
thest ien
freean
Young Prince, who, being himself called
one day to the legitimate participation of the throne, has, in the
meanwhile, by oaths and solemn acts, given the most satisfactory
guarantee of his fidelity and devoted obedience to the orders of his
august brother, and thus contradicts the unworthy abuse which is
•
toth
made of his name.
However, whatever may be the opinion and
wish manifested
by the majority of the Portuguese nation, it is not impossible to
imagine a case in which foreign intrigue, by employing the ter-
rible means of seduction, might succeed, through the defec-
tion of the army, in bringing about a total revolution in Portugal.
Telheeimuinn(gl, i
undersigned
the
ed
nwamilel
ncfonhcleurde
Royalthis Hnoigtehnaess hsethceoulintnfleantea n
commenced it,
by
gent,e
etxhieatsiunpgptoietataienad.
He avails himself of this occasion to repeat to his Excellency aid of his Britannic Majesty, conformably
..._.
Mr. Canning, the
assurance of his highest consideration.

(Signed)

The Aiarquis De PALMELL A.

London, Dee. 2.

To his Excellency Mr. Canning, &e. &c.

(COPT.)

the honour to
FOREIGN-OFFICE, Dec., 11, 1826.—The undersigned, his
Majesty's principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affair., in re-
mnohtei•s' oAfrotshteFiNaliathrtlismdaejePstayl,mhelasla, Ambassador
enclose to his Excellency, the copy of a me:gage-from his Majesty
-to both Houses of Parliament, delivered this day, which he at
the same time offers to the Marquis de Palmella an opportunity of
ply to
Extraordinary the
officialfro
transmitting to his Government by a British ship of war which •,,
Is 7
under orders for Lisbon:.

The undersigned avails himself of this opportunity to renew to
his Excellency the Marquis de Palrnella, the assurance of his most
distinguished consideration.
(Signed) GEORGE CANNING.
To his Excellency the Marquis de Palmella, &c. &c.

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