The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-28 00:00:00

lIHE BRITISH WATCH AND CLOCK- I Jury that it was more severe than is warranted
MAKING COMPANY. by the law, yet in scantiness of diet, hardness of
By Royal Letters Patent. Capital, 250,0001., in 10,000
shares of 251. each. Deposits, 22. 10s. per Share. To be in- I labour, and wretchedness of lodging,- it seems
c,. porated, and the responsibility of each ,Shareholder to be, not [more severe than falls to the lot of a large
) n ited to the amount of
TR Isis
USTEES. Shares•
portion of the labourers of England. We have
His Grace the Duke of Hamilton, Brandon, and Chatelherault, it on testimony which has never been disputed,
Frederick Mildred, Esq., and John Howell, Esq. that great numbers of them have been subsisting
DIRECTORS.
with their families on Cs., and even 4s. a week.
-Mr. Addison, of Delabay-street, Civil Engineer.
Itfr. Parwise, St. Martin's-lane, Charing-cross, Chronometer, Those who could find no employment, were re-
.- Watch, and Clock-maker.
duced to dig up carrion or feed on nettles; and
Earnshaw, of Holborn, Chronometer, Watch, and Clock-
maker. many lay down and kept themselves still to avoid
31r. Hewett, of King-street, Tower-hill, Chronometer-maker. the pains of hunger. Thousands who could get
Vieyreo, of Pall-mall, Watch-maker.
• With power to add to their number. work did not make sixpence a day by fourteen
MANAGING DIRECTORS—Messrs. Barwise and Earnshaw. hours' continuous;labour. As to their dwellings,
SUPERINTENDENT—Mr. Ingold.
...PANxles-11Iessrs. Masterrnan, Peters, Mildred, and Co. it is only necessary to remind the reader of the
Nicholas-lane, Lombard-street. Sanitary Report lately published, numerous ex-
GENTs.—Messrs. Frodsham and Son, of Gracechurch-- tracts from which have been inserted in our own
rect, for the City of London; Messrs. Howell, James, and
'n., Regent-street, Pall-mall, for the West-end of London ; and other journals, to satisfy him that the cells
3,les,,rs. Durand, M'Kenzie, and Co., Milk-street, Cheapside, in Northleach are not worse than the dwellings
I 'e the United States of America; Augustus Hudley, Esq., 15,
of the poor.
r,,gmorton-street, for Portugal, Spain, and Italy ; William
insep, Esq., 1,", Great Cumberland-place, Hyde-park; for We have only to open the Report, and at
.ilia, China, and Australia ; Seward Large, Esq., of Cork, every page we find phrases like these—" The ha-
t ..rchant, for the West Indies ; Messrs. Braggiotti, Navone,
a d Co., of Pinners-hall, Broad-street, London, for Turkey. bitations of the poor are distinguished by a dis-
• 0, about 100 Watchmakers as Agents for the various Conn- agreeable smell." " The houses are surrounded
I es of the United Kingdom. with wide open drains, full of animal and veget-
;::3CßETAßY—Richard Paddison, Esq., No. 1, Great James-
street, Bedford-row. able refuse." "In most of the houses are fever
SOLICITORS—Messrs. Mullins and Paddison. and other diseases." " Eleven persons sleep in
a The objects of this Company are threefold: First—To carry one room." " Fifty persons dwell on a ground
to practice certain valuable inventions, whereby the manu-
I ctore of watches will be greatly improved, and whereby, at floor, which is neither boarded nor paved."
t • same time, large pecuniary advantages will accrue.—Se- " The springs burst through the mud floors of
;itheTradec.
thmantet thean noPwubbleicoabttahionmede
fmwr with
cottages." " The cottages of the poor are of'
stet : and To
cheapersupply watches the
ai goad; and Thirdly, to gain the foreign as well as the home a mud wall, situated close to dykes, where water
arket.
is in a state of stagnation." " One room is for a
An examination of the different machines would satisfy any
or e acquainted with the watchmaking-business, that there is a whole family, and several large families, occupy-
-1" ,itive certainty of obtaining a profit of not less than 30 per ing one room each, dwell under the same roof."
et it. upon the capital to be employed by the Company, and a
"
sr
.ong probability of a much larger profit; and, tt the same The windows are kept air-tight by stuffing
t re the watchmakers will be enabled to retail watches at a old garments in them." " Amongst the inha-
s se-ter profit to themselves, and at a less price to the public bitants prevail diseases of an eidemic character."
t . an is now practicable. p
For the opinions of the public Press on this subject, see the " Small-pox, scarlatina, or the typhus, is seldom
'5 nes, Morning Chronicle, and Evening Sun of the 24th, the absent from the dwellings." " Most of the resi-
merver of the 3d, and the Standard of the 22d instant.
deuces of the labourers are thickly inhabited,
Applications for prospectuses, containing further particulars,
for Shares, may be made to any of the Directors; to the and many of them are damp, low, cold, smoky,
tiopolitan or Provincial agents; or to the Secretary. and comfortless." " Whole families, comprising
adult and infant children, sleep in one room."
But it is needless to quote testimony to the fact
that the labourers of England are most wretch-
edly lodged, and the examples we have given
are all from different places and from rural dis•
tricts. To know that the dietary labour and
lodging of Northleach, which are so deservedly
branded by a Jury, and by the Press, are not
worse than the dietary labour and lodging of a
great portion of the labouring classes, can only
excite the most painful reflection.
But Northleach seems singular in severity,
and we will now show, from the Seventh Report
of the Inspectors of Prisons, what makes
the prisons of Scotland so attractive that more
persons would willingly take up their abode in
them than can be admitted. The first thing ex-
traordinary mentioned in the Report is as to
LIBRARIES. " Many of the prisons," says the
Report, " are now provided with libraries;"
and the mode in which they are used is thus
described :
oe Aberdeen it is said most of the prisoners are
anxious to have library books : " few of the prisoners
had been in the habit of reading before coming to
prison." At Hamilton " the library is found to be
a very useful instrument to elevate the prisoners'
minds. Many persons are sent to this prison for
offences committed under the excitement of drinking
(people engaged about the collieries) ; they have
no rational means of employing their evenings
(out of gaol), and a man of this description has
lately been reading " Robinson Crusoe " in prison
with much advantage. It is probably the first book
of entertainment he ever read." At Glasgow, "read-
ing books of an entertaining kind does not diminish
the zeal of the prisoners for reading of a serious cha-
racter." At Edinburgh, Miss Frazer says, " I liked
reading aloud to the prisoners. They all enjoyed it un-
conunonly.Many a time have I kept perfect order amongst
the class, consisting of about sixty, by the promise of
reading to them in the afternoon. They were so fond
of really interesting matter, that I have frequently
read a book twice through at their request. The
Governor gives it as his opinion that a prison library
should " contain many entertaining works."
While the industrious labourers have no
amusement of an evening, while the Magistrates
have shut up public walks, and almost put an
end to sports, felons have books of entertain-
ment and amusement provided for them at the
public expense, and lady governesses and teachers
read to theirs. Instruction is " given to all the
prisoners in the simplest and most direct form."
In several instances " a good useful handwriting
has been acquired in a period from two to six
months." " The instruction is carried beyond
reading and writing." Persons who are sent to
prison are thus placed in a better situation for
learning than many thousands of those who are
not sent within the walls. One little girl says,
" I was once in the House of Refuge. I learnt
my letters there. My father came and took me
away. I have learnt to hem and sew here. I
like working, and I like to learn to read."
`` They learn weaving, sewing, and other useful
kinds of labour." All that is most commend-
able; but the condition of the industrious classes
in receipt of 45., 65., or 7s. a-week wages does
not enable them to provide that education for
their children which is properly given in gaols.
Let it not be said that there are great and good
gentlemen and ladies who establish schools for
the children of the poor; to accept that compels
them to come under an obligation to those whom
they probably dislike. They ought to be able
by the fruits of their own honest industry to
command a good education for their offspring.
Connected with this subject the Report con-
tains a striking evidence of the falling off in the
rewards of labour. "The amount," it says, "of clear
earnings last year was little more than 21. per
head, whereas four years ago the clear earnings
were nearly Cl. per head, and seven years ago
when trade was very good, the earnings were
nearly 8/. per head, though the prisoners are
more industrious at the present time than ever."
Such was the falling off in the value of prison
labour, and such, or something like it, must
have been the falling off in the reward of labour
exercised out of prisons. Need we wonder at
the existence of distress.
Clothing is of the cheapest and most desirable
kind. It is either of homespun or moleskin. But
at Stranraer " they are to have additional winter
clothing." In Linlithgow " Guernsey frocks and
flannel drawers are to be provided for the pri-
soners in winter," and " additional clothing is to
be obtained for the female prisoners." To show
how well they are to be attended to, we may re-
mark that it is said of Edinburgh, " there has
been much irregularity in supplying clean stock-
ings to the female prisoners." All that indicates
only due and proper care of the prisoners ; but
how many thousand suffering, hardworking la-
bourers in England will have no additional cloth-
ing for the winter, and neither Guernsey frocks
for themselves, nor flannels for their wives and
little ones?
All the prisons, instead of being built in
low, flat, swampy places, surrounded with ditches
filled with putrid matter, are pl aced in general
on high and commanding, and certainly healthy,
sites. The floors are carefully laid, not made of
trodden earth, through which the springs force
their way up. The buildings are carefully venti-
lated and warmed, and we find one gaol of which
it is said that an ARNOTT'S stove was put up in
every corridor, because there was no other
convenient means of heating it. The poor will
shiver in their dwellings with little or no firing.
The prisoners have exercise and airing yards.
Compared to the cottages and hovels of the in-
dustrious poor the gaols are as much superior in
cleanliness, comfort, and warmth, as they are su-
perior in external appearance, and they are fre-
quently so grand that they lock more like
palaces than gaols.
Now
we turn to the moral condition of the pri-
soners,
many of whom, we are told, are so well
" aware of the moral advantages of their present
position, that they often state voluntarily that
their imprisonment has been a fortunate thing
for them." " They leave the prison," it is said,
"in a better state of mind and feeling than when
they entered it." " Great care is taken to provide
suitable situations for prisoners on their libera-
tion." The Governor of Glasgow prison, Mr.
BytEBNER, a man who does honour to humanity,
"has during the last three years advanced small
sums of money to assist persons on their libera-
tion from prison to establish themselves; andout
of fifty cases there were only two instances in

COPLAND'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY.
On Friday neat, Nov. 4th, will be published, Part 8 of
I R. COPLAND'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY.
* -# A Sheet of Advertisements will be inserted.
Advertisers are requested to send as soon as possible, and at
.3t Tuesday next.
London : Longman, Brown, Green, and Longman.

W. NOVEL, BY THE AUTHOR OF " CON-
STANCE," "ANNE BOLEYN," &c.
Now ready, in 3 vols. post &Ivo.
V IDOWS AND WIDOWERS.
A Novel.
By Mrs. THOMSON,
A tale of finely-sustained and highly-wrought effect.
oughout the ability to construct and the skill and taste to
n and finish, have kept pace with the higher offices of the
; and cultivation, experience, reflection, and imagina-
have produced incomparably the most polished, thnughtful,
captivating of Mrs. Thomson's writings. It is, indeed, a
. which must take its place in the highest rank of fictions
.cure. —Literary Gazette.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.
To be had at all the Libraries.

If ILLUSTRATIONS BY GEO. CRUIKSILANK,
LEECH, AND CROWQUILL,
he NOVEMBER NUMBER, price Half-a-Crown., of
ENT LEY'S MIS CELLA:NY.

CONTENTS:
LEDBURY'S ADVENTURES AT HOME AND
ABROAD.
By ALBERT SMITH.
WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY LEECH.
hapter 111. Of the manner in which Mr. Ledbury was exa-
d by the Municipal Guard, and of his interview with the
eet of Police.
h..pter IV. Of the Quartier Latin, and of Mr. Le dbary's
inns therein.
C lapter V. Of the evening party given by Mr. Ledb my and
Jed . Johnson to certain students and grisettes, at their:iooms in
the Rue St. Jacques.
The Haunted Mine, by R. B. Peake.
The Life and Songs of Anacreon, by Barney Braila? An.
Her First Visit Afloat, by the Author of " The Na• vat Sketch-
be &c.
A C tmpaign with the Christinos in 1838 and 1839,. 'by Charles
F. Fynes Clinton.
The Dying Child.
The Persian Spy, by J. B. Fraser, Esq.
The Junior Barrister.
31a1; y Vengeance, by H. R. Addison.
The Youth's Death, by Mrs. Howitt.
A I -aitor's Doom, by H. R. Addison.
Aid onumental Pic-nic.
Balk J Literature of Ancient Greece, by Dr. W. C.. Taylor.
Pad( y Carroll, the Piper, by Bryan O'Halloran, wi th an Blas—
ts: :ion by George Cruikshank.
The Plii!o.imphy of Fighting, Edited and Illustrated by Alfred
Jwquill.
Zia .byT. J. Ouseley.
Rich ir3 Savage, by Charles 'Whitehead.
Plat rig a Newaub on the Musnud, by H. R. Addis/ft i.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.

---
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! HONEY DIVIDENDS will be divided is NEXT
MO. N TH, saw agst 8,200 SELECTED Bonds of tia a LOAN
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Dividend 50,000 Florins
1 do. 25,000 "
1 do. 12,000 "
I do. 10,000 "
do. 5,000 "
8 do. 1,000 "
10 do. 500 "
10 do. 200 "
290 do. 110 "
'..!00 do. 105 "
467 do. 100 "
-7 300 do. 94 "

• 50,000 Fla rind
25,000 . '
12,000
10,000 '"
• 5,000 11"
8,000 .1"
5,000
• 2,000 "

:22,00)
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46,700
686,200

:00 11foney Dividends, amounting to 892,900 Fl or ins, or
£74,400 Sterling Money.
4, 200 SELECTED Bonds, each of which is sure to obtain
for= of the above Dividends.

Largest Dividend £4,166 IS 4
Smallest Dividend £ 716 8

1: 2 florins equal to £1 sterling, a trifle snore or less„, as per
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L THE DIVIDENDS PAYABLE WITHOU r ANY

DEDUCTION WHATEVER:
has' for the few Bonds which are still on sale, WI TROUT
DE LAY, to

HEINE BROTHERS at HAMBURC
3 3o.nds are on sale NOW at £l3. Against the e id of this
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Ar days of November.

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th. Bond.
ro those ordering too late for being attended to, t their re-
sssi will be returned by first post.
HEINE BROTHEL tS.
,lA3IBURGH, October 4, 1842.

-- •
THEATRE ROYAL. COVENT-GARDIU 1.
THIS EVENING, OCT. 28,
',Add bo presented Shakspeare's Tragedy of MI tI.:IIETH.
beth, Mr. Vandenhoff ; Macduff, Mr. Cha des Pitt ;
Bent no, Mr. Cooper ; Laity Macbeth, Mrs. Salzber i< ; Hecate,
Leffler; First Witch, Mr. Bartley; SeCond Vitch, Mr.
M 3.(if;w3; Third Witch,Mr. Harley.
_after which, the New Farce, called COUSIN Lf I. MBKIN.
solire Mulberry, Mr. Bartley ; Captain Bantam, Walter
y ; Doctor Lionel Lambkin, Mr. Harley ; Mrs. Bantam,
M .; Cooper i • Rose Maynard, Miss Leo ; Dainty, Mrs •Humby.
To conclude with the Ballet Divertissement of THE
W')ODEN LEG. Characters by Mr. Gilbert, s Bailin,
31. ,ter and Miss Marshall, Messrs. J. and T. Ridg way, and
;t3 Jackson.
Jeors open at Half-past Six, and the Performa? s :es corn-
•:.ee at Seven.—Dress Boxes 75., Second Pric a 3s. jd. ;
and Second Circles 55., Second Price 2s. 6d ; Pit 3s;
-(ind Price 2s. ; Gallery Is.
Tickets and Places for the Boxes to be taken of klr. Whit-
loo•-• , at the Box-office, from Ten till Four, wh( ao Season
Ti .kets may be had.;
Private Boxes to be had at the Box-office ' • of M essrs. An-
Alre..v 3, 167, New Bond-street; Mr. Mitchell, Old Bc fad-street;
Mr. Sams, Pall Mall.

11142.