The Sun.
London, England, 1842-08-18 00:00:00

(bje _.7 Alit,

LONDON:
THURSDAY MORNING, AUGUST 18, 1842.

We have abridged from the Manchester Guardiap
a report of what took place at a meeting of Delegate
at Manchester on Wednesday, which seems to give a
more definite idea of the objects of the Turn-outs, and
the means of obtaining them, than anything we have
previously seen. There were present 141 Delegates,
who have all been collected for this special occasion.
Thlt fact alone in licates organization, forethought,
pans, and power, which may be exceedingly trouble;-
some, if not carefully managed. Though the ma-
kr:Ay was in favour of going for the Charter, no in-
considerable number was for confining the agitation
to obtaining an advance of wages. Some of them
even spoke strongly and energetically in favour of an
immediate return to work. It is plain, therefore,
that the forethought and the organization have not
yet found a clear and definite object; in which
all are agreed.
As to present means of success, they seem to have
none. They are aware that they have no resources,
and cannot live without wages. One of the orators,
indeed, referred to the standing crops on the hill-
sides, having the conduct of the Scotch colliers pro-
bably present to his mind ; but he was told by an-
other, who entertains a just idea of property, that they
were the inalienable right of another. There is in
that difference of opinion evidence, therefore, that
they will not unite, unless some great necessity
force them to it, in a system of pillage. " In-
to any schemes," says the Manchester Guardian,
" of pillage or incendiarism, like those which have dis-
graced another district, we are quite confident nothing
Will impel the working classes of this neighbourhood."
As they are not disposed to be guilty of such acts of
outrage, let them he handled with respect, let them
not be outraged under the authority of law—for it
has long been unhappily the case, that outrages on the
people are sanctioned by the law—and there is every
probability that they will speedily return to their ac-
customed habits of quiet, patient industry.
To carry off the heat of passion, there seems no-
thing like the valve of an open mouth. When the
Con; option met in London all alarm ceased after its li
proceedingS; which were uninterrupted, had been
twice or thrice ftvorted. Out of Parliament, as well
as in Parliament, orators talk the heart out of every
subject. For the promotion of divisions amongst the
Delegates and their constituencies, and for restoring
the working classes to their ordinary habits, we can
conceive nothing more serviceable than such meetings
at that at Manchester.
Could anything better serve the cause of order
than the recommendation to return at once to
their work ? Could anything weaken and dis-
hearten the Turn-outs more than to find that
their leaders differ materially as to what they
should do, and are ready to dispute as to the means
they should employ ? What a mockery, too, of a
great insurrection, to have the meeting discussing .a
resolution for the management of trades' clubs.
Public meetings bring vague passion to the hard test
of material and practical measures, and blow off at
once the over-charged high pressure bailer of each
individual's own feelings and wishes.
Believing that it is only requisite to treat the Turn-
outs with respect, in order to bring about a speedy
and peac&'ul adjustment, and being also con-
vinced that such meetings ventilate the mine
of discontent, we regret that some of the
Magistrates of Manchester should have discc-
vered that the meeting of Delegates was illegal,
because some timid persons were frightened at its
possible consequences, and should have thought it
their duty to interfere and put an end to it. lbw 1

conduct was very legal, but was it equallywise ? The
meeting was serving their purposes, and they sup-
pressed it. Two thirds of the present mischief . have
been caused by a succession of petty attempts to
suppress little ebullitions ',of popular feeling. They
have soured the people ; and, we trust; that the intelli-
gent Magistrates of MancheSter, now that they have
got a military force to back them, do not mean to
stop up all the outlets of discontent till it burst into
some still more serious conflagration.

There seems to be a prevailing feeling that the
present alarm caused by the working classes in the
manufacturing districts ought to lead the Govern-
ment to investigate and improve their condition.
There must be some plausibility at least in an idea
which occurs at the same time to the Post, the
Herald, and The Sun. The former agrees with us
almost to the words we employed, and is anxious to
evoke general and permanent good out of temporary
and partial evil."
Nor is there the less, but rather a more,
extensive agreement as to the real evil to
be remedied. Whether our Contemporaries rail against
the New Poor-law, against factories and capitalists,
or against landlords, or call for a Ten Hours' Bill,
and the exclusion of children from mines, they, one
and all, agree with us that the working classes are
too heavily burdened, and too poorly paid. There is
unanimity on this point, and the Press, standing
aloof, generally, from the class prejudices of land-
lords, capitalists, statesmen, and tax-eaters, ventures
with a strong and clear voice to tell them all, that,
somehow or other, the labouring classes are not fairly

treated. There are great differences, we are aware, as
to the best means of improving their • condition, but
an immense step has been gained when the Press is
almost unanimous in declaring, that, for the public
safety, it is indispensable to have the condition of the
working classes inquired into and improved.
Agreeing on this point with our Contemporaries,
we differ as to the means of effecting it. • The
Herald is for accomplishing the desired object by
Church extension. The people, who may be sup-
posed to know their own wants, call out for pigs (to
use their own phrase), and our Contemporary.would
give them parsons. They want something •to cat,
and he would appoint something to eat them. The
burdens of the labouring classes are 'the overgrown and
overpaid Church, the exorbitant State; the landlord's
high rent, as well as the capitalist's inordinate profit;
and to lighten their burdens, • the Herald proposes to
add to the weight of the Church. We differ totally
from the Herald. One of the best means of relieving
the overloaded industry of the nation would be no
longer annually to extort from the pople of Eng-
land some five or six millions sterlints,,to provide for
an idle, pompous, vain-glorious hierarchy.
Our other Contemporary, the Post, would have
some grand new scheme of government applied to the
the manufacturing districts.
Nothinc, (it says) has ever yet been done upon a large
scale—such as the greatness of the subject demanded—
to fit the ordinary machinery x)f government to the ex-
traordinary state,..of circumstances :viticfl,h4. grown up
in our manufacturing districts," Nothing in the :world
exists like that which is presented to the view of even a
casual observer in these districts. Nowhere else, in this
or in any other country, do we find such enormous
masses of people heaped together, and wholly dependent
upon a great manufacturing system for their support—a
system which is liable to continual fluctuations, over
which the masses who depend upon it for life have no
control, and can have no control. . . . . .
For S,irrey orfor Lancashire, the laws and custems, the
means of instruction and control, the systems of magis-
tracy and police, are pretty nearly the same, though
every rational man who considers the subject must see
that the means of government and superintendence which
may be sufficient fur the one, is likely (owing to the
extraordinary difference of circumstances) to be wholly
inadequate for the other.
We think the time has come when the rulers of this
country ought to consider much more closely than they
ever yet have done, what it is possible for the State to do
in order to courveract the disturbing influences, and the
tendency to occasional misery and insecurity which be-
long to our present manufacturing system.
That statement proceeds, we think,' on two assump-
tions ; first, that the agricultural population are, in
all the matters it alludes to as evil, better off than the
manufacturing population ; and the second is, that
the system applied to them, in Surrey. for example,
answers all the purposes of Government. Can the
Post have forgotten that, only twelve years ago, when
the Tories formerly held the reins, the system in
surrey, Kent, Sussex, Hampshire, &c., was found to
the full as defective as .the, system at Manchester ?
Then the south of England was in a blaze, the
Alagistrates were mocked at, and special commissions
sent into exile the agricultural victims of a vicious
system. We believe that imy possible adaptation of
he Surrey plan to Lancashire, would only aggravate
•1- e evil.. ..•_,

We app;ehend, too, thW- the u::ricuitural labourers
have as little control over their masters and the land-
wners, as the manufacturing labourers have over the
eaftalists. If a landlord or a farmer can make any
imp ovement in his mode of cultivation, he is quite
remorseless as to what becomes of the people. Have
they had, any control over that clearing system which
h:s been going on in Ireland, and some parts of
Scotland ? Have they not been turned out of
house and home, and found refuge in towns,
or across the Atlantic ? Are the agricultural
htLourers, at this moment, in a better condition than
the manufacturing labourers ? No; all suffer under
the oppres.iion of one common system ; and the
humane deSire of the Post to relieve them, could not
be gratified by placing squires and parsons over the
districts of Manchester, as they rule over tLe parishes
of Surrey.
Our Contemporary has unfortunately had his -at-
tention directed .to the- manhtlieturing population,
through his desire to defend the Corn-laws, which
has distorted the objects to his view. It Is yet too
early to speak decisively of the conduct of the manufac-
turing population in their present agitated state. We
are ipclined, however, to think, that after they have
returned to their work, even the Post will look on
thcir conduct, rs compared to that of the peasantry
in 1830—when it is remembered that several great
t -iwns have been completely in their hands, and at
their mercy—in a
,favourable light. - Their habits
are invariably those of peace and regularity. The
steam-engine 6ompels all who are in connection with
it, and dependent on it, to he regular and methodical.
They have no taste for violence and irregularity. In
all large towns there are loose, idle, disorderly per-
sons—persons who are what is 'called._ independent,
because they live by casual and hand labour; these
persons may be riotous at Manchester as well as
London ; but the factory population, properly speak-
ing; the machine-makers, printers, spinners, &c., &c.,
are essentially an orderly and regular population,
who have no notion of living by forage and disorder.
Though-the colliers are generally 'found in manu-
facturing districts their occupations, each one working
in a hole at a distance from his companions, doing
almost everything by hand, wielding his pick as he
lies on his back, at his own pleasure, are more in ac-
cordance with those of the agriculturist than those oi
the factory-worker. At least they resemble each
other in this, that both are individualised, and each is
much guided in his work by his own will.
The factory-worker is the assistant and servant
of a machine. Now let the Post remark that
the colliers, both in Eng land and Scotland, are
the men who have been guilty of the greatest out-
rages. 'We believe when the Post reflects on the fact,
that probably not less than 500,000 .persons have been
involved in the present commotion, it will find
reason to be grateful that it was a manufacturing
rather than an agricultural population which was thus
stirred to its innermost depths.
We regard our Contemporary's opinion of our manu-
facturing population as crude and erroneous. He
admits that the Government has grossly neglected
its duty to this great population... But the popula-
tion which the Government has attended to,
according to the Post, is no better;
.but rather in a
worse condition ; and we therefore cannot be-
lieve, with th.: Post, that a factory population
will be improved by being regulated on an
agricultural system. In truth our statesmen and
pullic writers know very little indeed of the factory
population ; now and. then some glimpse of a corner
of it is obtained, as by 'the inquiries of Committees and
Commissioners, or as by the present outbreak; and the
great astoniOunent or alarm which ensues is a conclu-
sive.proof that of the whole we are grossly ignorant.
Men are acquainted with the laws of planetary motion,
and they are not surprised at an eclipse; but they know
little or nothing of the factory system, and, therefore,
when a little portion of it is suddenly revealed, they
are lost in wonder.

The intelligence from the disturbed districts is not
quite so encouraging as it was on Tuesday. At pre-

sent the most unfavourable symptoms are in the
neighbourhocal of the Potteries, where the mob have
destroyed several houses, and exhibited a more furious
and determined spirit of insubordination than has
been any where exhibited since the commencement
of the riots. But even these men, notwithstanding
their apparent recklessness and hardihood of purpose,
made no stand against the small military force by which
they were opposed, but dispersed with as much ex-
pedition as they had assembled. A correspondent,
describing the conflict, says On the mob nearing
the military, they flourished their bludgeons over
their heads, gave a cheer, and assailed them with
missiles. The order was given to fire, when one man ~
was shot dead, another was shot through the back,
and has been taken to the North Staffordshire In-
firmary, but is scarcely expected to survive. The
mob, perceiving the fatal effect of the firing of the
military, fled in the greatest consternation and speed,
in air directions." At Huddersfield, where the opera-
tives mustered in great force, and showed a spirit
somewhat similar to that displayed in the Potteries,
they were dispersed with equal facility by the-troops.
"After the Riot Act had been read," says a corres-
pondent, "the soldiers were ordered to clear the
streets, and immediately acted on their instructions.
This was the time for testing the courage of the mob,
who, so far from showing fight, took to their heels,
and dispersed in all directions, •in the greatest
possible confusion and terror." It is evident,
from these and other indications, that there
is a want of earnestness in the rioters,
as if, despite their refusal to return to work,
they were cowed by an instinctive consciousness of
the folly, and infatuation—not to say, madness—of
their proceedings. It would seem also, that, in many
instances, they are ignorant of what they are clamour-
ing for. In one quarter their demand is for " a fair
day's wages for a fair day's work ;" in another, for
the Charter, and nothing but the Charter. Unsteadi-
ness of purpose is but too manifest among them ;
there seems no controlling or guiding power.
Under such circumstances—there being no very de-
cided or energetic spirit of resistance prevalent amcng
the rioters—we are not without confident hopes that
reason and common sense will, in a day or two, exert
a wholesome influence over their minds, and convince
them that they themselves have as great an interest in
the maintenance of order as any of the classes
above them. Meantime much will depend on
the spirit in which the military and civil authorities
exercise the duties entrusted to them. Firm, prompt,
and energetic, they must of necessity be ; but all
unnecessary severity should be avoided, or the Mobs,
goaded to desperation, may exhibit a fir more alarm-
ing aspect than they have yet shown. As a signi-
ficant sign of the times, we quote a portion of a cir-.
cular issued by Messrs. BIRLEY and Co.—one of the
greatest manufacturing firms in' Manchester, who
have till now persisted in keeping their mills at work,
but are now, like the other mill-owners, compelled
most reluctantly to close them :—" We have thought
it right determinedly to resist the demands and
efforts of a lawless mob, and not to -cease offering
employment to'the ha ids accustomed to work atthese
mills. In this *Course we have persisted-from :thellay
when we were attacked, until the close of last
week; On Friday and Saturday a large pro-
portion- of the hands did not come, and
we reluctantly close our mills until we know
that we shall again have hands to attend to the
machinery in the various departments." We quote
the following passage from the Times, in which it
will be seen that additional precautionary measures
are recommended, in the event of the disturbances as-.
suming a more serious aspect than is the case
at present :—" If the crisis continues much longer,
extraordinary measures must be resorted to for the
reinforcement of the military and police ; and all
good subjects should hold themselves prepared to col.
operate with the authorities upon the first signal that
there is any occasion for their services. .We trust
that the prevention of mischief will be the great ob-
ject of all who have any force at their disposal."

The .whole of the Paris papers have reached us.
Their, leading articles are chiefly on the Regency
Bill,. and the distressed condition of the working-
classes in England. Monday, being the Feast of the
Assumption, was observed as a strict holiday. There
was no business done at the I3ourse or Banks, and
tie Post-office closed at three o'clock. The subjoined
are extracts :

• A letter from Oran, July 30, says :—" We have news
from the expeditionary column of General d'Arbeutille,
Bich has nut through the nerth of our province, and
executed several ruzzias against the Fiitas, bringingkek
a considerable booty. Some of the chiefs have proposed
conferences, and two Raids have submitted. The prin-
cipal chiefs, however, still hold back, claiming' a right of
neutrality, and- a sort of pre-ealinence ever the chiefs
that hate already cume over to us. The Go%ernment can-
lot adroit those em:eptions, as they wetild engender discord •
and would wound the pride of our allies. It is rumoured
that the Chiefs have trained a day fur a grand meeting,
to fix definitively their submission. As WWI as we shall •
have reduced this part of the province, we shall have
only to keep oar ground, for it will then be totally con-
quered, and the tribes, worn out by the long contest,
will scarcely be able to make head against us for some
time. Under the Turkish regime the tribes of the Flints
were the most numerous, the most warlike, and the most
opulent in the Regency. Their Raid was one of the.
most eminent men of the native militia, and the
.horse-
men were deemed the most adroit in manly exercises of
any in the plain. During the fetes of the Rhamadan
visitors came in from all parts to see them, so celebrated
are they for their elegance, their rich costumes, and su• .
periority of their mariners. Their country, of great
extent and perfectly well cultivated, is one of the mast
productive and picturesque of all the Regency. They had a
treaty of commerce wnich placad them in eonnectiiin
with the Sicilian and Maltese traders, to whom thtiy
disposed of the surplus of their corn and cloths. It is
the remembrance of their ancient greateess that pre-
vents their imitating their n ighbours in submitting.
As to attachment to -Abd-el-Kader, they have none. The
last Raid of the Flints under the Turkish rule is still
alive. His name is Chermort, and since 1834 he hus
been in tie service of France. He Is an old mart, of un-
tarnished reputation, and much respected by the natives
on account of former grandeur. lie is an extraordinary
example of Oriental resizeation, for after quitting without
a murmur his command, he entered our Spahis as 'a
simple horseman. He received the cross for his bravery,
raid is at present a corporal. His complete ignorance of
our language prevents his rising higher, but he seems to
care little about the matter, for he is altogether void of
ambition."—Le Constitutienntl.
The Mennen:- of this morning has no official part.
A letter from Cadiz of .Aug. 1, says :—" The Count
alas Antes, who arrived on July 28, as a passenger on
board the Royal Tar, is gone to Gibraltar. The Gene-
ral is going by way of Alexandria to Portuguese India,
19 Governor-General, with the most extensive and full
powers, front Queen Donna Maria, to restore order
at Goa."

A letter from Burgos, of Aug. 2, says :—" Yesterday
the discussions on the proceedings against General
Trivero, were closed. The Reporter presented the fol.
lowing proposals : That the accused be acquitted of the
principal charge, and that the imprisonment which he
;las undergone, up to Monday, be declared a sufficient
imnishment fur his not having ordered immediately the
Arrest of a suspected officer."—Le commerce.

Yesterday there was constant communication
between the Duke of 'Wellington, the new Coin.
inander-in-Chief, and Sir James Graham, the Home
Secretary. It is understood that fresh troops have
received orders for the North, and are now en route
for Birmingham, owing to the alarming accounts re-
ceived in town early yesterday morning. At some .of
he military stations in the metropolis the military
were under arms all night.
The individual found in Windsor Castle on Monday
evening, underwent a long examination at the Home-
office on Tuesday, before Mr. Hall, the Chief Magis-
trate of Bow-street. A medical gentleman was sent
for by the authorities at the Home-office, and was in
attendance while the prisoner was being examined.
In person the prisoner is of ordinary height, and of.
middle age ; his complexion is very deeply sun-burnt,
as if from long expo:Ali e to the weather.

i

NOBLE EXERTIONS BY A BOY.--011 Wednesday
Alexander Bennett, a boy about eleven years of age, who
who had gone to the river to bathe, got out of his depth,
and called fur help. Dunn, another boy, about four-
teen, heard Bennett's exclamation that he was off his
A•et ; but he had been so brief a spat!e in the water, thut
,r did not occur to him he could be in any danger, and
he did not consequently pay much attention to it. Pre •
sently, however, it became evident that Bennett was
,truggling at the mercy of the current ; and Dunn im-
mediately stripped himself and hastened to the rescue of
the drowning boy. Before he could reack the water
Bennett had di,appeared ; but on looking down near the
,pot where he had sunk, he observed him at the bottom
,f the river, and, after diving twice, succeeded in catch-
ag• hold of him by the shoulder, and bringing him to the
zurfare. Retaining his grasp of him with his right
harld, he then turned towards the shore, but, burdened
ill this way, and with only his left hand to hatile against
the current, he made but slow progress, and became so
?xhausted with his efforts, that he actually sank once
,itnself. Still manfully and resolutely maintaining his
hold, he again rose to the surface, and ultimately brought
is apparently lifeless burden to the land, to the bdinirti-
:ion of a considerable number of spectators, who had by
this time gathered round the scene. Once cut of the
water, Bennett was not long of showing signs of ret urn-
ng animation, and he was soon so much recovered as to
be able to walk home.—Dundee Warder. •

SUM

The Ref
Journals o
two amend
4•11.! Re en
to his entei
t° renew
iWhich are
out in a de

,Atothei
010 a, was

The n(
appointed
ttzt, the
riday ar

Walla]
:414beth.
'Miler to
fr•auding
Grove-sty
Ptsoner,
'ellee to (
day.
tDaniel
ttfarged
nturch
'Poker.
The ti
'riotit
Ueday.
"atenten
t sever,
1111$ to
"Ylorld ay,

A fine
1611-itt int

x
r. P
Nvriml
4tPd
eal
`illeates
°I his ex

I\lr. C
,_Went-,
''' meet
k,'l'Y to I
epteml

The
'N
I. d coi
Yacht
tlrted,
`'mutes

A.ll tl
V, an
bake o
thields,
E
at Ab,
stovin
Ta
1.101;:,bij
vercaul

, The
4‘lAr L

The
tiol k ai

T 1e
square
, The
.reTtlas

Kalb'
The
"o►ver

LOT
t°-da3,
Sir
Th(
prepay

Th,
shAde
dian)
the hi

tre in the
mob have

Lore furious
than hz]s
mencement
ithstanding
of purpose,
e by which

much ex-

respondent,
tob nearing

geons over

them with
m <me man
h the back,
.dshire In-

vive. The
ring of the
and speed,
the opera-
xl a spirit
Potteries,
the•troops.
a corres-

clear the
lstructions.
)f the mob,
:heir heels,
ie greatest
is evident
that there

3 rioter;

to work,

iousness of

sadness—of

.t, in many

re clamour-

for " a fair
nother, for

Unsteadi-
ong them
ig power.
lo very de-
lent amcng
hopes that
r two, exert
Id convince

t interest in
the classes
depend on
authorities
rm, prompt,
be ; but all
>r the mobs,
sore alarm-

As a signi-
m of a cir-
-one of the
nester, who
ills at work,
, compelled
we thought
mands and
!ase offering
•ork at these
7otn thellay
lose of last
large pro-
,ome, and

we know
tend to the

We quote
in which it

y measures

irbances as-

is the case
uch longer,
I to for the
ce ; and all
pared to co-
, signal that
We trust
he great ob-
posal."

reached is.
he Regency

to working.
Feast of the
day. There
Banks, and
he subjoined

re have news
fArbou% ille,
wovince' und
ringing bi.ck
ive pr.posed
. The 'wili-
ng' a right of
a. the chiefs
eminent can
ender discord
is ruluoured
end meeting:,
u us we shall
e shall have

totally con-
oug contest,
us for some
of the Flitas
and the most
one of the•
the horse-

• exercises of
Rhamadun
69 celebrated
nes, and su-
ry, of great
of the most
y.They had'a
I connection
whom they
Auths. It is
ass that pre-
submituug.
re none. The
h rule is still
1834 he has
unta. of un-
thenutives
xt ruordinury
Ling without
Spahis as 'a
his bravery,
ignorance Of
he seems to
.ther void of