The Sun.
London, England, 1845-09-30 00:00:00

TITESDA EVENING;_ SEPTEMBER 30, 1845.

ENGLISH AND GERMAN TASTES

COMPARED.

The occupations and amusements of the upper classes
in Germany being much more sedentary and refined
than with us, consisting much more in music, reading,
theatrical entertainment, Conversation, visiting, and social
enjoyment, and much less in hunting, shooting, riding,
racing, boating, and all the active rough sports and tastes
which occupy our young men of the higher classes, end
bring them into daily familiar intercourse with the lower,
as assistants and partakers in their common pursuit,
keep those classes in Germany much more apart from,
and ignorant of, each other than they are in England.
The son of a nobleman or country gentleman of the
largest fortune and highest family in England is intel-
lectually, and in his tastes and habitual enjoyments
not very different, or rather, is very much the same as
the son of a farmer, or of a man of the lower class.
The difference is more in the means and scale
of enjoyment than in the tastes of the two persons at
the extreme ends of our social body. They have many
objects, pursuits, feelings, occupations, sports in com-
mon, and bringing them together. These are, perhaps,
low in tase, and denote a low standard of intellceatal de-
velopment among our higher classes ; but they bring the
lower up to that standard, estabish a wholesome inter-
course and exchange of ideas between them, for the
lowest can understand and talk of horses, dogs, guns,
or yachts, as well as the highest—and dt nott s a higher
social state of the whole, than if the upper class were so
far refined, and educated beyond the mass of the people
below, as to be, as in Germany, a froth without spirit
or flavour, swimming on the surface, and altogether dif-
ferent in substance from the good liquor at the bottom.
The social state of Germany is similar to that of British
India. The upper enlightened class, consisting of civil and
militaryfunctionaries,la wyers, judges,and officers connect-
ed with the administration oflaw andeollection of revenue,
bankers, merchants, and professional men, is different in
language, habits, ideas, and feelings, from the Hindoo
people whom it governs ; is little acquainted with them
—does not mix with them—has little knowledge of
them but what circumstances may force upon its notice,
yet governs them tolerably well, and the great mass of
the inert Indian population below it is submissive, and
contented with the state of pupilage in which they exist.
To this great mass of the . people in Germany, the
opinions, political or religious, of the upper class,
scarcely penetrate. They do not at all take up the Ger-
man Catholic Church. On the contrary, they are evi-
dently in the same intellectual and lrellgious condition
in which they were four centuries ago—quite as ready
for pilgrimages or crusades, or whatever superstition or
belief the Church of Rome may impose on them. They
are not ripe for this movement.—Laing's Notes.

GAMBLING in the BENGAL ARMY.
There is a degree of vigour apparent just now in all
that relates to the administration of army matters which
convinces us that the walfare of the service is really an
object both with the Governor-General and the Com-
mander-in-Chief. Certainly no period of the existence
of the Indian army has been marked by so many con-
siderate and beneficial orders, emanating from the head-
quarters both of Government and the army, as the last
six or eight months.
We are led to these remarks from the appearance of
an order by the Commander-in-Chief on the subject of
gambling in the army. An order on this subject, or
rather a revival of previously existing ones, has long
been called for—gambling having, as we are assured, of
late years, increased to an unprecedented extent in the
army of this presidency. In saying this, we do not
allude so much to the kind of gambling which seems to
have attracted the attention of the Commander-in-
Chief ; the case which has come before him, and caused
the issue of the present order, is evidently one of a
very flagrant kind, in which some senior officer has
taken advantage of the inexperience of a youngster to
fleece him of a considerable patrimony, bequeathed him a
short time before. Instances of this kind are, happily,
most rare in the service, both from the detestation in
which such conduct is held by all honourable men like
the officers of the army, and because the youngsters of
the present day are, generally speaking, a great deal too
knowing to risk at play anything they may possess in
the way of " patrimony"—a blessing which falls to the
lot of but few of the officers of the Indian army. It is a
well-known fact that the race of military "griffins"—of
the absurdities of which class so many ludicrous anec-
dotes are current—has long been extinct: the young men
who come out now-a-days are, generally, found to be far
more au fa 4 at the ways of the world than the older
residents in the country.
The gambling which we hope the present order may
repress is what goes on to such an extent amongst young
mtn of pretty nearly the same age, standing, and skill in
play. Their equality in these points forbids the likeli-
hood of there being anything like unfair play amongst
them ; but still, even in its mildest forms, gambling is
productive of much harm.
We sincerely hope that commanding officers of corps
and stations will use their best endeavours to give effect
to the Commander-iu- Chief's excellent intentions in issu-
ing this order. They may rest assured that the gambler,
whatever be his rank, is never a good officer. Of all the
habits that unfit an officer for the due performance of his
duty, gambling is, perhaps, the worst, not even excepting
drinking. It is quite impossible that the man who ac-
customs himself to the excitement of gambling can ever
take pleasure in, or even tolerate, the ordinary routine o
duty.—.Hutharu, July 17.

THE PIG NUISANCE at WAPPING.
(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
On Friday, between five and six o'clock in the after-
noon, a scene of the most disgusting description took
place nearly adjoining the old Thames Police-office, op-
posite the new wharf recently erected in the neighbour-
hood of Wapping. Some of the pigs which were brought
up for the London market nearly smothered, were ee-
-1 tually slaughtered in the open streets, the blood stream-
ing down the gutters. The street in this part is exceed-
ingly narrow, and the disturbances periodically taking
place here, has (ever since the erection of this wharf)
been infamous enough; but such scenes of disgusting
brutality ought most assuredly to be put down. If the
Commissioners for the Metropolitan improvements can-
not assist the inhabitants of this district in widening the
street, surely the Police Commissioners should direct
some of the force to this nuisance so polluting to chil•
dren and passengers using this neighbourhood. The
police would be thus much better employed than making
charges against little apple boys at police courts, whilst
the county rate would be saddled with no additional
costs. A paragraph in your paper some time since
abated the nuisance for some time, but the abomination
is now grown worse than ever.

DUTCH MAIL.
NEILINGUEN, SEPr. 23.—The extraordinary supply of pro-
visions of different kinds at yesterday's market excited great
attention, and most speedily caused a reduction in the price
of corn and potatoes. The extreme fears for the approaching
winter are allayed, and we expect that the price of bread and
potatoes must tall. The supply was so very great, that be-
sides the ordinary large market-places, two very long streets
were so crowded with loaded carts, that passengers could
scarcely pass.
MIDDRUIREG, SEPT. 22.—A deputation, consisting of the
burgomaster and other official persons of Ruremonde and
Eindhoven, arrived here on Saturday; their mission seems to
relate to the railway from Zealand through North Brabant
and the Duchy of Lemberg. We can positivelystate that they
had a long conference with the perbon to whom the con-
struction of this railway is confided.
DELFT, SETT. 23.-1 esterday we had disorders here like
those at the neighbouring towns of the Hague. Every pre-
caution is taken by the magistrates to prevent any further
disorders.
HAARLEM, SEPT. 24.—The magistrates yesterday issued a
proclamation in consequence of the disorders and excesses
which took place on the 22d. Every precaution has been '
taken, and the public tranquillity has not been further inter-
rupted.

HAGUE, SErr. 25.—We learn that his Majesty the
King has been pleased already to pay the sum which he
annually pays for the relief of the poor during the winter,
declaring his intention to increase the sum in the sequel if it
should be necessary, or by other means to relieve the distress
of the poor.

We hear that the King and the Prince of Orange have
given orders not to purchase any stock of potatoes for their
household this year.

FLANDERS MAIL.
BRUSSELS, SEPT. 24.—The Senate unanimously adopted
to-day the five projects of law relating to the free importation
of corn, &c., and for a vote of credit of 950,000 francs for com-
pleting the canal of the Campine.
During the course of the discussion, the Minister of the In-
terior announced that all information which he duly received
from the several provinces agree that, on the whole, the har-
vest is pretty satisfactory, and that in some parts of the coun-
try the crop of potatoes will not be so bad as was appre-
hended.

. The Minister of Public Works said that the Government
were already taking measures to secure employment to the
'workmen, and added that in all probability the parties who
were to contribute the several lines of railway through liar-
naut would commence the work during the winter.
The Senate, after passing the five projects of law, adjourned
indefinately.
The Courier of Antwerp says, "We learn that the Govern-
ment has approved of ,the sale of the British Queen to M.
Reynart for 238,000 francs. We are assured that the steamer
is io be broken up, the purchaser hoping to indemnify himself
by the sale of the iron and copper; the timber will be only
fit for fire-wood.
BuussEts, SEPT. 25.—Monseignor Blanchet, apostolic
vicar of the Oregon, who is travelling in Europe for the be-
nefit of his mission, is now at Namur. The venerable prelate
has just applied to the Sisters of Charity for some new its-
provement of their order.
• The King returned yesterday afternoon from his visit to
the camp at Beverloo.
The King transacted business to-day with the Ministers of
the Interior and of Foreign Affairs.
AUSTRlA.—Accounts from Venice announce that hp. Ma-
jesty the Queen of Greece had arrived in a French steamer in
perfect health, and was received by her august father.
CONSTANTINOPLE, SEPT. 10.—I have just learnt the final
grant of a tirman for the erection of a Protestant church at
Jerusalem, which Sir Stratford Canning has been endeavour-
ing for some years to obtain.—Algemeine Zetung, Sept. 24.

THE REGISTRATION.—We have only space to state,
that on Thursday evening, the Manchester Registration
Courts were adjourned to this (Saturday) morning; that the
lists of 18 townships are yet unfinished, which it is ex-
pected will be completed to-day; and that several impor-
tant decisions have been made by the barrister, since our
last, as to the privity of the vendor, or of the vendor's at-
torney, of property being purchased to acquire Totes, void-
ing such votes, upon which cases will be granted, for adjudi-
cation by the Court of Common Pleas. All these cases arise
on the construction of the Splitting Act, and subject to the
decision therein, the result, so far, of the revision of this
district, as we are informed, is as follows :-547 joint quali-
fications (or "split votes") of free traders have been admitted,
and 23 disallowed. A case of appeal has been granted to the
Tories with respect to about 200 of the split qualifications
which have been allowed, and the free traders have obtained
a case upon the 23 which have been disallowed. Of other
voters there have been struck out, on objections, 405 Conser-
vatives, and 81 free traders • leaving a balance of gain to the
free traders of 324 votes.—kanchester Guardian.

NcOHREsTTHARDFIEzRLDB,YsSEpTEHR. E24A._GORnICWULediTiUesRdaILy
AGRICULTURAL MEETINGS.
theSO CtlwEeTYnty.-
seventh annual meeting of the above Society was held at the
Angel Inn, Chesterfield, on which occasion about 150/. was
offered in different premiums for prize stock, the property of
members of the Society. Premiums were also awarded for
the best implements of husbandry, as well as for the encou-
ragement of good servants, for the greatest quantity of effi-
cient under-draining, and also for the best cultivated farms.
About half-past eleven o'clock, his Grace the Duke of
Devonshire, Lord Morpeth, the Hon. John Talbot, and
William Paxton, Esq., arrived from Chatsworth in a carriage
and four, and immediately proceeded to the show-yard,
where his Grace and his noble visitor were received by the
President of the Society, Wm. Evans, Esq., M.P. for North
Derbyshire, and J, J. Cottingham, Esq., the Mayor of Ches-
terfield. The show- yard at this period was much crowded,
among whom we noticed the following noblemen and gentle-
men :—His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, Lord Morpeth,
W. Evans, Esq., M.P., Hon. John Talbot, Major Bilbre, R.
N. Arkwright, Esq., the Mayor of Chesterfield, Philip
Ileacock, Esq., W. J. Bagsbawe, Esq., one of our county
magistrates, J. B. Crompton, Esq., Charles Worsley, Esq..
and several otherfgentlemen, whose names we were not
familiar with. . His Grace. the _Duke of. Devonshire remained
on the ground for a considerable period, and afterwards
proceeded to Chatsworth, accompanied by Lord Morpeth
and the Hon. J. Talbot.
The dinner took place at the Angel Inn, but which, we re-
gret to state, was not so well attended as en former occasions.
W. Evans, Esq., M.P., the President of the Society,took the
chair.

After the cloth was drawn, the Chairman in succession an-
nounced the usual loyal toasts, which were most enthusi-
astically responded to.
W. EvaNs, Esq., M.P., now said that he would conic to
the business of the evening, and the next toast which he
would propose would be " Success to the North Derbyshire
Agricultural Society." The Hon. Member commenced his
speech by complimenting the Society for the zeal it had
show in the improvement of agriculture, and he was glad to
say that such societies as the present effected a vast deal of
good. There was a great deal of room for improvement, not
only in this division of the county, but in all parts of Derby-
shire. The farming operations were carried on differently in
other parts of the country, where farming was made more of
a science, particularly in Northumberland and Scotland.
The farmers there generally made it a science ; they at-
tended lectures, and no one thought of taking a farm who
had not attended to the study of agriculture for at least two
years. There were two ingredients which the farmers in the
north invariably combined, namely, science and capital, with-
out which they felt that agricultural pursuits could not be
successfully carried on. After alluding to the management
of farms in the Highlands of Scotland, the Hon. Member
said that the agriculturists of Derbyshire were worse plough
farmers than they were grass farmers. Mr. Evans then in
strong terms recommended a trial of the prudent adoption of
the new plans of farming, which he said had been introduced
with undoubted success.—(Cheers.) The Chairman next
announced " The health of the judges of the day, W. Inett,
Esq., of Barnley Moor, and Mr. Newham."
W. NETT, Esq., returned thanks. He observed that he
regretted to find the worthy President of this Society seemed
to throw cold water on the members of the North Derby-
shire Society. If they were bad farmers, and not good ones,
he would say that their "poverty, and not their will, con-
sented." He thought that for this, in a great many in-
stances, the landlords themselves were to blame, and he
would just mention a few instances. And first, as to the
game-laws, in this county the tenants were overrun with
game, and he considered the preservation of game as a great
injury to the tenant-farmer. The landlords had no excuse
for keeping or preserving game ; they could not say like the
farmers that their poverty consented, but they must rather
say that their will and not their poverty consented. The
system of preserving game entailed not only an injury on
the farmer, but misery to the poor and expense to the country,
and carried with it annihilation, distress, and misery to the
labourer ; and while their families are ruined by poaching,
the burden of keeping them during their one or two months'
confinement in the county gaol is entailed upon the country.
This was an evil to the farmer, and loudly called for redress.
He would also mention, as another injury by which the
farmer severely suffered from his landlord, the system of
hedge-row timber, which prevended a free current and cir-
culation of the sun and air. This system of occupying so
much hedge-room for timber was highly injurious. Another
great objection was, that the landlord objected to plough
up bad grass land. He might allude to many other circum-
stances, and particularly to that of draining. The farm
ought to be thoroughly drained by the landlord, who might
charge a reasonable per tentage for the outlay of his capital,
for a landlord cannot invest his capital in a better manner
than improving his land. If the landlords in general would
only lay. out their capital in improving their lands, and
charge the tenant fair interest for the outlay of his money,
he would find it more beneficial than purchasing new land.
The CHAIRMAN announced "The health of his Grace the
Duke of Devonshire, 7the Lord-Lieutenant of the county,"
and thanks to him for his liberal support of the North Der-
byshire Agricultural Society. All who were acquainted with
the Noble Duke must esteem him for his kindness, liberali
and goodness of heart.

The toast was received with the greatest enthusiasm, and
drank with three times three.

PHILIP HEACOCK, Esq., proposed " The health of the Pre-
sident of the Society, W. Evans, Esq., M.P.," who had tra-
velled all the way from the Highlands of Scotland in order
to be present on this occasion.

W. -Evaiss, Esq., M.P., acknowledged the compliment. He
confessed he was not so well versed in the science of agricul-
ture as he ought to be. Indeed the only meetings which
he had attended were those of the Royal Agricultural So-
ciety, he being one of the committee, and he had endea-
voured to see that all things were done in proper order.
One of the preceding speakers seemed to think that he had
delivered some sentiments discouraging to the farmers of
North Derbyshire. Now, on the contrary, he wished
to do all in his power to encourage them, and what
he wanted to see was, they should set about mending
their faults. He was of opinion that they wanted a
greater spirit of competition among them, in order
to become good practical agriculturists, and that
they should thoroughly understand the treatment of
land. Now if a manufacturer beard that any new
invention or pattern had been brought out, or that any im-
provement had taken place in machinery, he would not rest
satisfied until he had obtained it, or that he had found out
the principle of the improvement; and why should not the
same be applied to agriculture ? They must explode the
doctrines of the old school altogether, and infuse some new
blood by entering into a spirit of improvement and competi-
tion, which he trusted would be the opening of brighter
prospects. The Hon. Gentlemen then dwelt at some length
on the importance of landlords laying out their money in the
improvement of their own estates, which he hoped
might yet bo very generally adopted. Mr. Evans next
alluded to the custom, or law, between landlord and
tenant, relative to the compensation of taking and leaving
farms. In some instances the custom of the country pre-
vailed, but he thought that it would be more satisfactory to
obtain one uniform system, which should prevail in every part
of the kingdom; and he believed there was a Bill now before
Parliament to effect so desirable an object, and he was cer-
tain it would shortly become the law of the land. He wished
to see greater improvements take place in agriculture. If
we were to go back for a few years, and see what the state
of society was then, compared to its present state, who
could contemplate the vast improvements which had taken
place in large towns? Who would have dreamed some years
ago of having our streets lighted with gas, or of travelling by
steam or railways, which now intersect all parts of the em-
pire? He really believed that at the period to which he al-
luded, such undertakings would have been deemed an impos-
sibility—it would have been called a paradox—and yet we
know not what wonderful alterations and improvements may
still be effected. All classes of people are now making new
experiments, so that this may with propriety be called the
age of invention. The Hon. Gentleman then strongly re-
commended the attendance on chemical lectures relative to
agriculture, which he was certain would effect great good,
and he also thought great benefit might be derived from the
establishment of farmers' clubs. After a few more general
observations relative to the farming interest, the Hon. Gen •
tleman sat down amidst great cheering.
Several other toasts were drank in succession, after which
the meeting terminated.

ARUNDEL AND BRAMBER.
The annual exhibition of sheep and ploughing-match of
this Association was held on Thursday last on Arundel Park
Farm and afterwards the members of the Association dined
together at the Norfolk Arms, Arundel. The Duke of
Norfolk presided ; and amongst the company were Lord
Edward Howard, Sir H. D. bioring, Bart., Thomas Evans,
Esq., the Rev. Mr. Hart, and several other clergymen.
After the usual loyal toasts,
Sir H. D. GORING, in an eulogistic speech, proposed "The
Health of the Duke of Norfolk"
The toast was drunk with cheers.
The Duke of NORFOLK returned thanks. He was aware,
and he thought it proper to state it, and he stated it fear-
lessly, that since he had come into possession of this property
he brought forward rules, and desired his tenantry to improve
their farms in certain ways. He asked of no one more than
was asked of the tenants of other great estates, and he should
require it of them. He prided himself on those farms where
there was a neat hedge-row. If they went into Norfolk and
Suffolk they saw every farm had neat hedge-rows, but that
was completely neglected in this part of the country. He
was sure that any tenant of his, or of any other person, if
they had been recommended to keep up their fences would
have done it, but now he was under the disagreeable necessity
of begging them to do it. Indeed it was a disgrace to them
all, to them and to him, and those who looked after them,
that the fences were not in a very good condition.
He had been something of a farmer all his life, and he was
vain enough to suppose that he knew a little about farming,
and it gave him the greatest pleasure, when he rode over a
man's farm and saw that he really cultivated it as he ought
to do, and kept his fences neat. He was aware that times
had not been so good for farmers for the last two or three
years, but they were now looking up. They would remem-
ber that this time last year he proposed a premium of 50/.
to the farmer who employed the greatest number of labourers.
That he did, that they might have a greater number of
labourers employed, and then he proposed another for the
best cultivated farm, and several of his friends were kind
enough to make up the sum of 501. for that also. He would
now read the award of the judges, Mr. Calhoun and Mr.
Boxal. [His Grace then read the award which adjudged
the prize for the best cultivated farm to Mr. Robert Drewitt,
of Peppering, and the judges recommended that the prize
for employing the greatest number of farm labourers should
be divided between Mr. Drewitt and Mr. George Bushby.
For the first-mentioned premium there were only two can-
didates, and for the latter three or four.] He did not very
often see Mr. Drewitt's farm, and he was not capable of
saying how his men drilled, but ho was capable of say-
ing how the men drilled generally in this county. Instead
of its being what it was in Cambridgeshire and Lincoln-
shire, where the great farms were, and where the
corn, when it came up, looked as if it were ruled,
here it was in festoons. He proposed to give the prizes
to the best drillers,and he thought they should be put with
the ploughman. Their first prize for the ploughmen was
21. los., and for the second 21., and he proposed that for
drilling it should be the same. He suggested that the judges
should view the crops in April, when the barley was up and
the corn not toe high, as he thought it fair that they should
take the autumn and spring sowing into consideration. The
other premiums that he proposed to give were for thatching
and rick -making. He did not know how the rick-making
was done, but hia was shockingly ill. This was done in the
Rape of Bramber ever since the Association was established,
and there the rick-making and thatching was done much
better. He did not wish to offend anybody, but in this part
of the country the ricks were ill-built and ill-thatched. And
as this rick prize in Bramber had done so much good, he
trusted that their men were equally well inclined, and that
they would have as good rick making and thatching here as
there. Within the last few weeks, while the ricks had been
making, the farmers had been put to great inconvenience by
men who could thatch giving themselves great airs, and
asking for more money, or going to others. Now that would
cease as soon as they got more thatchers ; therefore, he pro-
posed to give four premiums, two for thatching and two for
rick-making, the same as in the Rape of Bramber. There
would be,2/-for the best wheat rick, and for the second, 1/. ;
and, also, for the best thatcher, 2/. ; and the second premium
1/. That they could settle in Committee.
Sir H. D. Gesso suggested that the premiums should be
confined to the labourers on the farms.

The Duke of NonForx—Yes ; he thought that was quite
right, and he thought it right, also, that the premiums
should not be given to men who went about with drills, but
that the farmers who had drills should employ their own
men to do it. Every master who wished that his men should
become scientific in their vocations should have a drill of his
own, and let his men drill, and perhaps that would be the
means of bringing the drill system more into fashion than
what it already was.
[Some twenty or thirty labourers, to whom prizes had
been awarded, were here introduced into the room, and they
stood in a line along the length of the room.]
The Duke of NORFOLK then addressed the labourers on
the subject of the disease in potatoes, recommending them
to pick out the bad ones and salt the remainder, and put
them away till after Christmas, looking at them every fort-
night to pick out the bad ones. To enable them to keep the
potatoes he proposed to sell them turnips, and he recom-
mended his tenants to do the same. An acre of turnips,
yielding 320 bushels, at 4d. per bushel, would be 5/. 6s. Bd.,
and an acre of Swedes, also yielding 320 bushels at 6d..
would be 8/., so that the farmers could sell at that price
without loss. It had been stated that these bad potatoes
poisoned the pigs. Nov, he wanted to try that, and he put
up two pigs. One he fed upon as bad potatoes as he could
find, raw, and the other upon as bad, but they were cooked.
They had this food ten days. The one that had the potatoes
raw was affected in his bowels, but he got over it, and then
he thought piggy should have some better food, and he gave
him some barley meal The other that had his potatoes
steamed ailed nothing.
The prizes for long servitude, and to the best plougman,
wore then distributed; and also prizes for the beat sheep.
Lord EDIVA RD HOWARD proposed "The health of Sir 11.
Dent Goring."

Sir H. D:GORLNG acknowledged the compliment, and said
he was sorry to find that the premium of 50/., to which he
contributed, for the best cultivated farm, had not more com-
petitors.
Several other toasts were drunk, after which the Noble
President left the chair, and the principal part of the com-
pany departed.
GRAND DINNER AT WALTHAM AGRICULTURAL