The Sun.
London, England, 1820-10-05 00:00:00

'which she has been foiloweA by the Ompte-
das abroad, and still more scrupulous ~mot
she be after the infidelity and perjury .
such-ritnesses-as Majocci, Sacchi, and PUrnont.
I am ,satisfted mle Loirdsin my own mind,
that you will agreef:her :Majesty is not bound:to.
call the witness I have spoken' of.of. Perhaps as:
legal advisers, in the exercise of a cautious pru-
dence, we should advise her not to do
.so, but still
as I said before, her Majesty w ill produce that
witness before you. S.. Now; ,my Loids, let us
come to the transaction at Charmetz. Dumont
swore that on the night Bergami returned with the
passport to Charmetz, he went to the Princess's
room, and there remained the rest of that night.
It is false ; I will prove that her Majesty set off
on her travels, within an hour and a half 'after
the arrival .of the passport, and that time was
scarcely sufficient to pack up,. and prepare for
travelling. She was lying on her bed while the
things were getting ready, in her ordinary tra-
velling dress, in which she had slept, to be pre-
pared to set off at one o'clock in the morning,
should the passport so soon 'arrive;, the door of
her room was open, and all the persons of her
household had free access to that room during
the preparations, as well as Bergami. The
Learned Counsel then proceeded to comment
on .the observations which had been made
elsewhere, in reply to the supposition of
this being a plot It had been said, that if this
were a plot, why did the witnesses not swear
home ? Why did they leave any. doubt on
the minds °I-mankind ? But did they not know
that in laying plots the great aim was to
avoid swearing too hard.? Could the person who
argued thus have forgotten that the safest way.to
prepare a plot was not to swear too hards but to
build the fanciful fabric non the natural course
of events, to state the facts'as moderately as pos-
sible. The architects of tkiis plot were perfectly
acquainted with this art, and had taken their
steps accordingly. Why at Naples had they not
called other witnesses ? For the very reason that
they studied to avoid calling 'two persons to
speak to the same point of evidence—fdr fear
that the cross-examination shoald explode their
story. On . one occasion her Majesty was de-
scribed as being hissed out of the Theatre.
This, if true, must have been known to more than
one persqn-e--it could not be Concealed. The
concealments of a masquerade, . the fabrica-
tions in their case, could never withstand the
light which the following morning -was sure to
throw upon them. Why were not other wit-
nesses called to prove the state of the beds ?
Why 'not to speak to the linen ? Where was Ann
Tryson ? He could inform their Lordships she
was here--2he had got that fact from a witness in
cross-examination. Why was she not called
then ? That, too, he could answer—it was be-
cause she was not an Italian. For the marks—
she was the Princess's own waiting woman ; for
the bed, she made it—for the linen, she had the
care of it—she could have proved the case, had it
been capable of proof—she Was the only person
who could prove it ; and yet they had not called
her. And why, he would ask, but because they did
not dare to call her? They were. practised in the
examination of washer-women, in the adulterous
plot they called ; but here they had omitted so
to do. This was a witness, he must contend,
whom it was imperative on them to call,
for she must have proved what Dumont had
sworn, if what Dumont had sworn were
true. Tie- contended that having already
shaken the testimony of the witnesses from
their own mouths, he had given a complete an-
swer to this case ; for if part of that which a
witness swore was proved to be false, all confi-
dence in what remained must cease. He now
adverted to the observations which had been
made on the origin and character of Bergami.—
He denied that his elevation had been so,
prompt as had been described, and submitted that
it arose from any other cause than that base one
to which it had been attributed. Bergami was
a man of family—his father had been a consider-
able land proprietor,but from rnisfortunes,had been
reduced to distress—his son had shared his fate.
lie still, however, lost not the character of a
Gentleman ; he was recognised by General Pino
—the Commander-in-Chief of the Milanese—he
dined at his table, and was treated with the re-
spect which was due to his former rank. To the
Chamberlain of the Queen he was introduced by
an Austrian Nobleman, and was hired as a Courier
to the Queen several days before he was seen by
her Majesty. At the time of his introduction,
his Noble Patron represented him as a man whose
ideas belonged rather to his former character
than to his present situation—and in fact he en-
tered into her Majesty's service with a distinct
promise that when opportunity offered, his pro-
motion should be attended to. The topic to
which the Learned Counsel next alluded, was
the estimation in which her Majesty had been
held by our late venerable Sovereign, who he
submitted was no incompetent judge of the hu-
man heart. In confirmation of this he read the
following letter from his late Majesty, written in
the year 1809 :

Windsor Castle, Nov. 13, IRO9.

- -
" My dearest Daughter-in-law and Niece—Yesterday I and
the rest of my family had tin interview with the Prince of
Wales at Kew; care was taken on all sides to avoid all sub-
jects of altercation or explanation ; consequently the conver-
sation was neither instructive. nor entertaining, but it leaves
the Prince of Wales in a situation to show whether his desire
to return to his family is only vcdial or real, which time
alone can show ; I ;tin not idle in my endeavours to make in-
quiries that may enable me to communicate sonic plan for
the advantage of the dear Child, for which you and I with so
mach reason must interest ourselves, and its effecting my
having the happiness of living more with you is nu small in-
centive to my forming some idea on the subject ; but you may
depend on the re being nothing decided without your tho-
rough and cordial concurrence, for your authority as mother
it is my
object to support.—Believe my at all times, my
dearest Daughter•in-law and Niece, your most affectionate
Father-in-law and Uncle,

(Signed) " GEORGE R."
Such is the opinion which our late Sovereign, a
man not ignorant of human nature, and capable
of forming a just estimate of human conduct and
motives, always entertained of his dear and che-
rished daughter. I will now read a letter from
his Illustrious Successor, not written, indeed, in
the same tone--not containing the same senti-
ments of regard for her Majesty, but yet. by no

means deficient in 'expressibns of respect, and cer-
tainly not indicating any desire harshly to tram-
mel. the conduct of his Royal Consort. It sug-
gests, indeed,.that their happiness would be best
consulted and purftted liVing asunder "; but it
states distinctly that her conduct should never be
subjected to that,. watchful, • rigoroni scrutiny
which has been since employed in the production
of the present Bill of Pains and Penalties.
•
" Wlndsur Castle, .11)61 30, 179 c.

" Madans,—As Lord Cholmondeley informs rue, that you
wish I would define in writin`g, the terms upon which we are
to live, I shall endeavour to explain myself upon that-brad
with as much clearness and with as much propriety as the na-
ture of the subject will admit. Our inclinations are not in
our power, nor should either of its be held answerable to the
other, because nature has not made us suitable to each
other. Tranquil and comfortable society is, howeser, in our
power ; let our intercourse, therefore, he restricted to that,
and '1 will distinctly subscribe to the Londition which you re-
quired through Lady Cholinondeley, that E Veil in the event
of any accident happening to toy daught,er, which I trust Pro-
vidence in its mercy will avert, I shall not infringe the terms
of the restriction, by :proposing at any period, a connexion of
a more particular nature. I shall now finally close this
agreeable correspondence, trusting, that as we have com-
pletely explained ourselees"to each other, the rest of our hires
will be passed in nnintefrisPicit tranquillity.
"I am, Madam, with great truth, very sincerely your's,
(Signed) " GEORGE P."
My Lords, I do not call this a letter of license,
as it has been termed. It is, however, such a
letter as was calculated to remove '3.11 suspicion
from,the mind of the person who received it, that
her conduct would ever become the object of
unceasing, unsparing, most unscrupulous scrutiny.
My. Lords I again implore you, even at the risk
of repetition, never to dismiss from your minds
the two grand points upon which I -rest; first,
that they have not proved facts by credible wit-
nesses, who were within their• reach ; and,, se•-
condly,- that the witnesses, whom they have 7iten-
tured to call, are unworthy of 'credit. How is it
possible that.a plot can be discovered except by
means of these two principles-? There are in-
stances in which plots have been discovered
through the mediuni of the second principle
where the first has. failed. When witnesses of
fair character have tome forward, when persons
above all suspicion have lent themselves for a
time to impure plans, the victim has providen-
tially escaped from the snare by the operation of
the second principle ; by the evidence breaking
down where it was not (,xpected to be sifted ;
by a weak point being exposed, where no pre-
paration. had been made to elude detection.
Your Lordships will recollect that passage in the
Sacred Writings, in which the conspiracy of the
Elders against the virtuous Susanna, is described
in language at once eloquent and poetical. The
hearts of the Elders were turned away from
Heaven to do the purposes of unjust judgment.
Their story WaS clear, consistent, uncontradicted,
and their victim was only rescued from the plot
which was laid against her by the contradictory
evidence of the Elders in the trifling particulars
of the holm and the tamarisk tree. Of this de-
scription is that part of Majocci's testimony,
which will be shewn to be false by the banker's
clerk. This and many other particulars are
of little importance with reference to the main
body of the case, but they are of the highest im-
portance, as they affect the credit of the witnesses.
These circumstances are not accidental. Men
rashly and blindly call them accidents, but they
are the dispensations of that Providence, who
wills not that the guilty should triumph, and who
succours innocence oppressed. Such is the case
now before us. Such is the evidence in support
of this prosecution—inadmissible to prove a debt
—impotent to deprive of a civil right—ridiculous
to convict of the least offence—scandalous if
brought forward in support of a charge of the
highest nature, the object of which is no less than
to ruin the honour of an English Queen. What
shall I say, then, if this is all the case—if this
is the species of proof by which an act of judicial
legislation, an ex post facto law, is sought to be
passed against this defenceless woman ? My
Lords, I pray your Lordships to pause--•you are
standing upon the brink of a pi-ecipice. You
may go on in your precipitate career—you may
pronounce judgment against the Queen, btit it will
be the last judgment you will ever pronounce.
Her persecutors will fail in their object, and the
ruin with which they seek to cover the Queen,
will return to overwhelm themselves. Save the
country, my Lords, from the horrors that await
it—save yourselves from impending ruin—rescue
that country of which you are now the ornament,
but in which you will flourish no longer when you
are severed from the people, like the blossoms
that are cut off from the root and stem of the
tree. Save the country, my Lords, that you may
continue to adorn it. Save the Crown, which is
in jeopardy—the aristocracy, which is shaken—
the altar itself, which never more can stand se-
cure amidst the shocks that rend its kindred
throne. You have said, you have willed—the
Church and the King have willed that the Queen
should be deprived of its solemn service, but in-
stead of that solemnity she has the heartfelt
prayers of the people. She needs no prayers of
mine ; but for my country I here pour forth my
supplications to the throne of mercy, that that
mercy may be poured down on the people in a
larger measure than the merits of their rulers de-
serve, and that your hearts may be turned to
justice."
Mr. Ilno UGH Am having concluded his Address,
a short pause ensued ; during which many of the
Peers quitted the House, and the Counsel retired
to take refreshment.

Mr. WILLIAms soon afterwards advanced to the
Bar, and was proceeding to address their Lord-
ships, when

The Lotto CH ‘NCELLOR observed, that, as it
appeared to be the intention of Mr. Williams to
follow Mr. Brougham in a second address, he
must remind their Lordships, that it Was at their
discretion whether to admit the course contem-
plated by the Counsel for the defence ; but he
was sure the House would agree with him, that,
in so important a Case, discretion would be
best exercised by permitting it.
This suggestion was unanimously acceded to,
and

Mr. NVILLIAms then proceeded to address the
House. lie could assure their Lordships, that
no man could feel more oppressed by the weight,

no man more sensible of the difficulties nv
to encounter in addressing them, than hitnrool.
He would not advert to the incidental Cl.r.'tel
stance which had just occurred, of the e% the
sion of their Lordships' general rule, norr.,,to
additional and severe demand upon theispo-se
which had been caused by that extension• thil
rejoiced that the principal management of
cause had fallen upon a person, 'competition w.cel
whom would in any man be absurd. He rerty
that a cause, which from the beginning ,
world to the present time had not its paralieleit
a cause full of evils, unmixed with the 5104
possible good, whatever might be the
he rejoiced that the principal management 13f;,4-ee,
a cause had fallen upon one whose power twO
press, and whose courage to meet difficulty's,*
produced that appeal, the remains of
.„0
could not but even then remain in vibration u,,re-ct
their ears. His task would only -be to COi 0,
the scattered remnants, the angles and cornee,
so to speak, of the present case, which lind,bh,
I
left untouched by his Learned. Friend, 011%0
endeavour to fill up the outline which had'to
drawn by his masterly hand. The first point te ""ld
he should request their Lordships' attention Otutio
be the question, " who are the parties to
ior
proceeding ?" a question by no means an rime
terial consideration even in the outset ; font
the best attention be had given to the Pe'te
case, he declared he. could not tell clearll'd
whom he was opposed; though be knew. r
well he must be opposed to somebody, 11°.aro.
knew equally well that he was defending axio,
secution the third with which his Royal
hst
tress had been pursued. Quite clear it was 'OO
he was opposed to somebody ; and perhaPs
difficulty was somewhat greater from the Pr„
cutor not being defined. Not to speak 4.141-st
spectfully or improperly of his Majesty, 014,es
person whose very name is considered as a t°,,s
of strength, it appeared beyond all doubt that
one side their Lordships must see, the Galrecr,
ment—an expressions' including all the 1004
all the wealth and all the influence whiths,
great country possessed; and on the other o_4,
was her Majesty, a Queen, by a series -of trw, s
ment, to which at present he should not apt:o p,,
epithet, a Queen shorn of her beams—a Queetli'
who, by the vicissitudes of fortune, by the &lf
of some of her friends, the promotion into P° %t
of others, and a course of other misfortunes uo
necessary to detail, was deprived of all her f"io
able defenders. This being the situation of the ,E ,
.parties, he, apprehended it would not be ince
per in him to entreat their Lordships to casit'll,
themselves against the influence which may
rally be made by the weight of one of these P,O
ties, and the degree of prejudice which migb:• t
raised against the other; it would be necessary- "f
their Lordships should by some distinctesserti°P,
'
their minds, a resistance, if he might use soc,
phrase, a resistance to their ordinary feelings2b/::if
their minds to strictimpartiality,otherwise it w°;:e,
be impossible for them to administer i°olo
There was another topic upon which ,rode
slightly touch. Much had been said
course of this inquiry, and much analog ije
been drawn from the rules of Courts below• rj,
was glad of it for he would remind their
ships that the duty of the Judas!, and Oa 'le
of the Juror, in the Courts, below were to
their decision solely upon the evidence.
conception, no presumption, no rumour wila;e:re
was permitted to interfere with their etinsio'cri,
tion. The evidence, and that alone, was ttle,ool
tenon by which they were guided, and wyit.,%o
such a criterion there would not be .the i j
701
chance of their administering impartial
without such a guide it was impossible I.o°o
by what secret springs the minds of the Jtind,
and the Juror might be influenced. In pro,
tion as her Majesty's means of defence Were be
minished by that multiplicity of difficulties,'
had almost said oppressions, which had es
thrown in her way, should their LordshiPsbee
vigilant in examining the evidence agaillst.sti
Among the difficulties against which her Anati
had to contend, might be mentioned the dit"4",id
of giving any answer whatever to the cb,300
against her, in consequence of the great di!`" 31/
of time from the period at which they we! ltj
leged to have taken place. And this dinictheii
was not decreased by that refusal which tios
Lordships' wisdom had dictated, of a specific Biel'
of times and paces. These were difficulties the
her Majesty had to labour under ; but achic`i
meanest subject in the country would' not berelP
posed to in a similar case. These were but Poe'
urinary remarks, but, if he did not mistake,
were extremely well suited to induce that tewbo
of mind in which he contended their Lordsssis
owed to her Majesty, not as a favour, bttt
right, to examine the adverse case. In sPealfet
of the whole case, before he entered into 810,1 to
those details with which it would be his adtit
trouble their Lordships, he must remark, t fete
e
was impossible not to see, and seeing, f
better to admit it, that the assumptio°"
Learned Friend who had preceded hilmojeil
that the whole case was bottomed and Nd 04
in perjury, was correct. In his opini°llls for
he fearlessly pronounced it, the grotto"' clear
convicting the witnesses of perjury, were al that
and distinct as that he was addressing 16 or
House. Was there any thing so imPss jo e
extraordinary-' in this as to make it appear g"rd°'
light of a novelty ? Had they never betotti/
cases before, in this or any other c'ear the
wherein witnesses presented i
themselves 't of
sole purpose of wilful perjury ? Was of tfr;
novelty to those who had read the histeff
cooti
human mind, a
that ill-meaning, low-bred 4 ,j
e'ere
should have disposition to insult those
the objects of their resentment or WI dr
e(
Pl
could they not itnag,itte that Italy eoeta
rabble a that descciption It was not alto itge aA
il' 5:
t'
unexampled in the history of lattna.liesho-eof
that a person without any apparent m°tl op/ io
worship the rising surf without being gothio44
idolatry. But was this all—was there°
virth',4
evidence by which it appeared that srhat,„e sth3w,s
situation was in their own country, the,' Toget.'ito
felt convinced that they Would not go °wed
unrewarded, if they came forward to sweatieo
a Princess who was the subject of persec