The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-07 00:00:00

irtie ni

LONDON:
FRID LY MORNING. OCTOBER 7, 1842.

It is a theory, confirmed by experience, that
what depends on the will of one man may be
capricious, and cannot be reduced to any general
laws ; but what depends on the will of a multi
tude is not capricious, and is regulated by such
laws. What, for example, e.an appear more ca-
pricious than the liking and attachments of young
men and women ? at least we of the male rex
speak proverbially of the fickleness of young la-
dirs and yet the records of every country show
that the number of marriages, in proportion to
the population, is much the same one year with
another. The same is true of births, which also
depend on individual passion and caprice. Or
where any remarkable deviation occurs, either in
marriages or births, it may in general be traced
to, and accounted for, by some peculiar external
circumstance, such as abundant or scanty har-
vests, prosperous or decaying trade, which only
serve to prove more completely how much the
actions of the multitude, even when they appear
tae roost capricious, are under the guidance of
•.,Nonefol laws. The same fact is true of the
tuber of letters posted. The number of or-
'ars which any individual tradesman may re-
ceive, by post, or the number of letters which
Inca of pleasure and corresponding friends and
relatives may write, seems a matter of what,
is called chance, yet we learn, front authr,n-
tic documents, that the number of letters Vans-
mined by the Post-office,
year after year., is ex-
tre niely steady; and we have, in the 'treat in-
crease of letters which has taken place, in conse-
optence of Mr. Atm.'s improvement, a remark-
able illustration of this apparently capricious
circumstance being subjected to kriown, and, to
save extent, calculable laws. It. is a general
kct, therefore, confirmed by 'much experience,
that however capricious may b the actions of an
individual, the actions of a great multitude of
individuals are not capricious, but are regular,
and are determined by general laws.
This well-known truth is as applicable to poli-
tics, as to any other branch of moral science ; and
the regular march of the representative Govern-
ment of Great Britain, controlled by a large
portion of the population—and, we may say,
sonsiCering- the influence of the Press, con-
trolled by the bulk of the population—as
contrasted with the less regular march of
the Governments of Prussia or Austria, which
merely depend on a Monarch and a Mi-
nist or—and with the still less regular
march of the Government of the self-
willed SULTAN, is an illustration the correctness of
which every Englishman will admit. In spite,
however, of this truth being applicable to all
nations and people, at all times, and necessarily
making the march of a democracy more regular
and steady than the march of a monarchy, we
theind one ()four Contemporaries breaking out yes-
terday into a furious tirade against the
uncer-
tainty of the regulations and policy of
CioYertrment of We United States. Such ob-

servations are undoubtedly contrary to all
theory, and, we think, contrary to the facts.
The occasion of the tirade is, the recent altera-
tions in the American tariff; but so far from that

being capricious or unexpected, it was long fore-
seen and foretold ; and, moreover, since the year
1816, the legislation of the United States has
tended continually in that direction.

Our Corn-laws (says Mr. Goddard, in a letter to
the Birmingham Advertiser) having cut off this
market for flour, and our money-laws having drained
the States of specie, the manufacturing interest there
became extremely active and clamorous ; and through
holding up to the community as an example the pro-
hibitory laws of England, and enlarging on the loss
of the English market for flour, and by urging through
every possible channel the advantages and necessity
of creating a home market for produce, by fostering
their own manufactures, succeeded in passing through
Congress the tariff of 1816. Still further derange-
ment being experienced through the action of our
money-laws in 1821, 22, and 23, the still higher
tariff of 1824 was enacted ; and again,
.from the same
cause, the high discriminatory tariff of 1828 was
forced through Congress ; the manufacturing .
interest
during this whole period being increasing their
efforts in writing, speaking, and in every possible way
in inculcating their own interested notions, and in in-
stilling into men's minds their peculiar views.
W bile our trade has been year a fteryear exposed
to alterations in duties in Germany, Spain, and
Portugal, it has not been exposed to any such al-
terations of duties in the United States. The only
memorable fluctuation in the policy of the United
States, in respect to commerce, that occurs to us,
which may not be easily outdone by the conduct
of almost every monarchy in Europe, and in al-
most every year, was first chartering and then
dischartering, the great monied corporation of the
United States Bank. But even that change in
the policy of the American Government and
people was not accomplished without a long and
arduous struggle, which gave warning to all
parties concerned, while in a European monarchy
such a change would have been accomplished on
the instant, without any warning whatever.
Comparing the alteration of the United States
tariff with the ordonnance for raising the duties
on linen yarn in France, we affirm that the latter
was sudden and capricious compared to the long-
discussed and foreseen American tariff.
Our Contemporary, like many other persons,
mistakes, we believe, the form for the substance.
Because the Bank of England has only un-
dergone one legislative change, while the banks
of the Federal States have undergone several, he
infers that here all is stability, and there all fluc-
tuation. In fact, however, the conduct of the
Bank of England, though more regular, from
being influenced by a numerous Proprietary and a
body of Directors, than it would have been had it
been under the sole guidance of anindividual, has
been extremely capricious, now pushing out its
notes, offering a large loan to the United States
Bank, and anon screwing down the circulation to
the lowest possible level, as the gold flowed into
or flowed out of its coffers, or as its own apparent
interest dictated. In fact, the capricious conduct
of the Bank of England, according to the opi-
nion of the best informed merchants, had no
little influence both in causing the excessive
speculation in the United States in 1834 and
1835, and in paralyzing trade there in 1838.
While a change in a Ministry has endangered
the peace of Europe, or re-established the
friendly relations which self-will and smart dip-
lomatic impertinence had endangered, the people
of England have through many years relied on
the steady friendship and steady policy of the
United States, and have felt that many successive
changes in the Presidents and in their Cabinets
could have, because the people were friendly,
little or no influence on the peaceful relations
between the two nations. Nay, when differences
have arisen between the Cabinets of England and
America, rational and philanthropic men in both
countries have invariably looked to the good
disposition of the great multitude in both,
and to the binding commercial interests
of the many, to preserve that peace which
the self-will of their respective rulers might en-
danger. We know no monarchy of Europe—not
even that of Austria, under the guidance of
Prince METTERNICH—Of Whtell the policy, com-
mercial and other, is so steady and so evidently
under the influence of general laws, like the
number of letters transmitted through the Post-
office, as the democracy of the United States.
This perhaps theoretical discussion has an
important practical bearing. On account of the
asserted unsteadiness in the policy of the United
States, trade with that country is decried, and it
is said to be " shameful to think that the com-
fort of our people should be left to rest on a
foundation like this." Nearly all that is un-
stable in the commercial policy of the United
States may be traced to our own money opera-
tions, and all that is hostile to our own laws.
The comfort of our people, therefore, rests, as it
ought and must rest, on no other foundation
than their own conduct and their own laws, and
it is in their power to-morrow, by abrogating our
own scandalous legislation, to place the trade be-
tween the two countries on the simple,
uninterrupted, but broad basis, of the
mutual wants of the two people. One
year with another, our people would re-
quire an equal, or rather ever-increasing, quan-
tity of meat, flour, cheese, and cotton to be
brought from the United States and, one year
with another, the Americans would require an
equal, or gradually increasing, quantity of woollen
garments, scythes, and cutlery from England.
The quantities required would be in both countries
quite as regular, and quite as definite, as the
number of marriages and births. Both would
depend on the bellies to be filled in one country,
and on the backs to be clothed in the other;
and over those great natural circumstances
human laws and commercial treaties can have
but little influence. Free trade would place
the commerce of both countries under the na-
tural laws of trade, and would release it alike
from the caprice of an American Congress or
that of a British Parliament. Unfortunately for
the country, those who know the least possible
about the natural foundations of trade in the mu-
tual wants of different men, and the natural laws
which regulate it, persist in disturbing it by
their own crude and mischievous restrictions.

The friends of the priesthood, disguised under
the term Church, have formed a dogged determi-
nation to obtain and secure for them a com-
plete ascendancy over society. We are to have
more &shops as well as more Churches and more
Rectors. It is again proposed to revive the Con-
vocation, that the English priesthood may, like
',Tile Presbyterian priesthood in the General As-
sembly, provide for the independent government
of the Church, and beard the secular authority.
The Church Courts are to be restored in all the
fullness of ecclesiastical dominion. Hints are
thrown out that the appointment of Bishops must
be taken out of the hands of the Ministers, and not
placed, as originally, in the hands of the congre-
gations, but given to the priesthood. Then these
()Teat ecclesiastical functionaries, much multi-
plied, placed each at the head of his Court, which
they will use more effectually than the pulpit,
P fielding the power of the whole clerical corpo-
ration, will, it is expected, be a complete match
for the State, somewhat jealous of them, and will
regain for the priesthood all the power they pos-
sessed in the dark ages. Only they, we are told,
can deal with Chartism ; only they can counteract
the effects of education; only they can offerany re.
sistance to the " false principles" which threaten
to disable the State; and they only can make the
people virtuous. The State is to be taught that
there is no safety for it but under the wing of
the priesthood, and it is to be at once coaxed
and bullied into making them supreme over all.
That such designs are entertained, we are not
at all surprised. We should, on the contrary,
be surprised if they were not, as all political par-
ties conspire to assert that the services of the
priesthood are essential to the well-being of so-
ciety. Their determination to obtain a complete
supremacy is the practical logical conclusion
from the opinion that they cannot be dispensed
with. It being asserted and believed that they
are necessary to man's salvation, to which
all other things are inconceivable trifles, they
act only consistently with that opinion in- claim-
ing supremacy over all otherpowers. Either we

must deny their great utility, or we must prepare
to submit to their sway. There is no alternative,
and no middle course.

When such inordinate pretensions are put
forth on the part of the priesthood, it becomes
us to examine their claims. Fortunately fur
the public, even those who make the most ex-
travagant demands in favour of our own
clergy, will join with us in saying that the Ro-
mish priesthood of Italy, Spain, France, and
Ireland, are undeserving of confidence, and
could well be dispensed with. The condition
of those countries will bear out the opinion.
Far from being at present the messengers of
peace and good-will to men, the Presbyterian
priesthood are sowing dissension in the land, and,
by their example, exciting that re6istance to the
legal authorities for which the Chartists are
punished. The priesthood of the Church of
England, it is admitted by their friends, were
frozen down to " the accidental formulte" of two
hundred years ago, and stood still while society
was expanding around them, making no efforts
to keep pace with its growth. Nay, they even
expelled from amongst them men burning with
zeal, full of activity and self-denial, able to
move the hearts of thousands, and suffered them

to lead into schism half the people. Now
we arc required to believe that the priest-
hood, suddenly awakened to the loss of that
power they have allowed to slip out of their
hands, and ambitious only of imposing on the
senses of mankind, and of regaining dominion
over them by cunning and hypocritical contri-
vances, pretended purity, fasts, and vigils, are
the only possible instruments for securing order,
morality, and happiness in this world, as well as
leading the way to salvation hereafter.
Whatever the priesthood might have been
during the dark ages, when they possessed all )
the knowledge which had been preserved of an-
cient Greece and Rome, when they were the
most civilized order of men, and were far
advanced in morality beyond the rude tribes
that swarmed over Europe—at present they are
not, either in knowledge, morality, or civilisation,
superior to other men, and cannot be the sources
of improvement. During the last two centuries
they have not been, and we have, therefore, no
reason whatever to believe that they can now
again become, the leaders in civilization. Trade
which unites foreign nations in friendly bonds,
does not need to be, and is not, heralded by the
priesthood. Division of labour, which makes
men mutually dependent, mutually civil, and
mutually forbearing, is not advanced by their
instrumentality. The knowledge of the natural
laws which regulate the course of society, and
of the laws which determine the well-being of
individuals on earth, which is indispensable to in-
creasing civilization, is rather retarded than pro-
moted by the priesthood, who treat such know-
ledge as vain and insufficient. To political free-
dom, which is essential to human happiness,
they are opposed. They dread and resist the
expansion of the popular mind. Far from being
in any part of Europe at present the leaders of
civilization, we find them everywhere resisting
its progress, and everywhere endeavouring to
hold back mankind to the knowledge of dark
and barbarous ages. We boldly deny, therefore,
the vast utility ascribed to the .priesthood; we
deny that they are essential to civilization ; and
we caution those who hold contrary opinions, that
the priesthood mean to build up for themselves
on their opinions, if they can, a great and en-
during power over the hearts and minds of their
fellow-creatures.

We see from the Edinburgh papers that Mr. Adam
Black, the respectable publisher and bookseller, has
given in his resignation as a Member of the Town
Council. He contested the election for the office of Lord
Provost last year, and lost it only by one or two votes.
The papers do not furnish us with any reason for this
desertion of his municipal duties. Is the whole body
so bigoted and corrupt that an honest man cannot
associate with them?

LEICESTER-SQUARE LITERARY
and SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTION.
Dr. Truman delivered a lecture at this Institution
yesterday evening, upon the Chemistry of Animal
Food. The Learned Lecturer opened his discourse
by an explanatory account of the different elements of
which animal food is composed, and spoke of their
respective qualities in sequent order. Fibrine first
attracted his attention. Chiefly obtained from the
muscles of animals, it took upon itself all colours, ac-
cording to the creature of which it formed part. The
bouilli of France was its best representative, as a sub-
stance in the mass, in which the original meat was
deprived of its gelatine ; fibrine was also to be
found in the papaw tree. Albumen, the most nutri-
tious of substances, existed in oysters to a great
extent, and in its raw and uncoagulated state, per-
mitted dozens of them to be eaten with impunity :
its coagulated state in the stewed oyster tended to a
very different effect. Gelatine had its wholesome
applications in a culinary point of view, with a variety
of other uses. Osmozome was another substance,
deriving its name from the Greek words,
smell, and ?wp.oc, broth : its peculiarity consisted in
giving that taste best designated by the expression,
" savoury." Game and the unctuous flesh of grown
animals had a remarkable share of it, as also the
common mushroom. Mucus was the first formed
and most primary of animal substances. Dr. Truman,
after thus analysing the chemical substances of food,
proceeded synthetically to enumerate the animals
in which these were found in their compound
form, as used for food and substance of nutrition
by the people of various countries. The habits
of various nations in this respect furnished a
curious diversity of gastronomical tastes and epi-
curcanisms. As an instance of food eaten in its un-
mature and unsolidified state, the blind traveller
Holman stated that at Fernando Po, a couple of lambs,
grown to no more than six inches long, were served
up to him by order of the King. Galen reports of
swine, that their flesh possesses no less than fifty
flavours, and is greatly assimilant in kind to human
flesh. Du Chatelain relates that in his days, dogs and
cats were eaten at Paris as they now are in China :
indeed, Sir Joseph Banks and Dr. Solander affirm
that dog's flesh is the sweetest imaginable. At Rome,
camel's heels were the choicest tit-bit for an epicure's
tooth. Whales' tongues ranked among the delicacies
feasted on in the middle century by Europeans. The
Caffre eats his lion for food, and the traveller Bruce
among them ate his lion-steak with gusto. A Rio Ja-
neiro friend, the Lecturer stated, had informed him that
in that country an ordinary dish was a monkey pie ; in
this, the head of the ape was left to appear above the
crust for ornament, in the style of the feet in our
pigeon-pies. The turkey, it appears, which is about
to adorn our Christmas tables, was first eaten in
France in 1579, at a royal marriage, though brought
over some fifty years earlier by the Jesuits ; it is a native
of America or West India, from which originates its
French name of Dindon, or d'hule don, " the gift of
India." Among reptiles, continued the Lecturer, the
class consumed was not numerous : the nutritious turtle
wasl.oh
redr
there
dhcebo chief.cost
lessne was
hßa
.asrnesoduuffiirnctiteeheneft
for.
remsaeuhr
tvue s of Jamaica, they
Steam-boat traffic, as it increases, t
will
le adntdr
greatlythee n trenchermen.
foaler tn enf
multi-
ply the supply of this commodity. Of other reptiles,
the rasa escidenta of France was mentioned. Touch-
ing upon fish as food, Dr. Truman remarked that it
was, from its specific nature, not calculated to fill out
the solid parts of the body., Owing to this fact,
jockeys wishing to reduce their weight antecedent to
a race, fed upon it. The old Greeks considered it to
be food productive of effeminacy ; the Romans at
first disdained it, till they alit upon one Ash which,
from its rarity and deliciousness, they called " the
brain of Jupiter ;" and at a later age the Senate was
called together expressly to consider of the dressing
of a turbot. Dr. Franklin originally had a great
antipathy to eating cod fish. He considered it cruel
to eat that which was inoffensive and harmless of
nature. One day, upon this ground, the
frying-pan was disencumbered of one thitt
had been put upon ithe fire for his ccenacular
repast. The cook, however, happened to open it
while the Doctor still lingered down stairs. In its
stomach appeared half-a-dozen smaller types of itself.
" Ho, ho !" said the famed experimentalist, " if you
eat each other, I see no harm in eating you." From
that day the Doctor's scruples vanished, and he ate of
the Newfoundland bouncers as heartily as any one.
The talented Lecturer concluded his remarks with
some excellent strictures upon milk, and expatiated
upon the generality of cannibalism among most abo-
riginal nations.
The audience was crowded and attentive ; and the
curious disquisitions of the Lecturer received frequent
awards of applause. In addition, we observed with
pleasure that the reading-rooms of this admirable and
long-established institution are fully attended, and the
excellent advantages which its extensive library, lec-
ture-rooms, and classes for languages present, are
participated in by numerous members both of the
City and West-end.

The Lord Chancellor arrived in town on Wednes-
day. his Lordship left his residence in George-street
yesterday afternoon, for Turville Park, Buckingham-
shire.

COURT CIRCULAR.

Wispson, THURSDAY.—The Queen and Prince
Albert walked for some time this morning on the
Terrace of the Castle and in the Home Park.

In the afternoon her Majesty rode out in a car-
riage and four, attended by the Countess of Mount
Edgecumbe, Lady in Waiting, and the Hon. Miss
Stanley and Hon. Miss Hamilton, Maids of Honour
in Waiting. His Royal Highness Prince—filbert was.
on horseback, attended by Lord Rivers, and the Equer-
ries in Waiting.
His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales was
taken an airing to-day.

His Serene Highness Prince Edward of Saxe
-Weimar, arrived on Wednesday evening at Marl-
borough House, the residence of her Majesty the
Queen Dowager, from Manchester.
Mr. Wickham, Chairman of the Stamps and Taxes,
had an interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer
yesterday at his official residence in Downing-street.
The Postmaster-General and the Hon. Edward
Stewart, Deputy Chairman of the Customs, had in-
terviews yesterday with the Chancellor of the Ex-
chequer, in Downing-street.
Sir John and Lady Shelley are on a visit to Shrub-
lands, the seat of Sir Wm. Middleton, Bart.

REFUSAL TO PERMIT THE IM-
PORTATION OF CATTLE.

(From the Guernsey Star of Monday, Oct. 3.)
COURT OF CHIEF PLEAS, GUERNSEY, OCT. 3.
The Assembly of Chief Pleas was held this day, his
Excellency the Lieutenant-Governor, who has a de-
liberating voice, but no vote at the meeting, was pre-
sent during the whole of the sitting. The Court hav-
ing, at a meeting of the Royal Court on the 24th of
September, heard counsel on the petition presented by
the town Douzaine, praying for the repeal of several
ordinances, some of them restraining, and one of them
prohibiting, the importation into this island (Guern-
sey) of cows and heifers from France, passed the fol-
lowing ordinances :-
1 "1. That no foreign—therefore no English—bull
' shall be imported without the permission of the Court,
under pain of a fine of 100 limes tournois, and con-
fication of the animal. _

"2. That all foreign female calves, heifers, and
cows, imported into the island, shall be marked with
the letter F on the left shoulder and right thigh, by
being branded with a hot iron.
" 3. That on the arrival of such cattle to the island
information thereof shall be given to the harbour-
master before they are allowed to quit the quay, un-
der a penalty of 30 livres tournois, and that they shall
there be branded under his direction, the importer
paying 10d. per head for the cost of the operation.
4. That such cattle shall be slaughtered within
six months of their importation, under a penalty of

100 livres tournois. -
" 5. That all calves born of foreign cows in the
island, shall be slaughtered within two months of
their birth."
Our time will not permit us to notice at any length
the proceedings of the Court of Chief Pleas in this,
but we shall do so in our next, especially in regard to
the splendid piece of legislation which they have per-
formed in regard to foreign cows. We mast satisfy
ourselves at present with asimplbag that the Act which
they have passed will satisfrto one, and must either
exist as a dead letter, or be speedily and uncondition-
ally repealed. One thing, however, we cannot allow
to pass without a word of reprobation. The Act
directs that foreign cows, landed in this island, shall
be branded. Now, this is an operation which inflicts
great pain upon an animal, and which ought not to be
for one instant tolerated. Some years ago the Court
forbade the practice of bleeding calves and oxen, be-
cause it was cruel, andyet, by their present ordinance,
they give their sanction to a much more painful prac-
tice. Let the members of the Court consult their
own feelings, and then declare to which they would
most object—to suffer a moderate bleeding, or to be
branded with a red-hot iron.

LONDON AND WESTMINSTER
REVIEW.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Sru,—May I, by your kind permission, correct
in your columns some mistakes respecting my
connection with the London and 'Westminster
Review, which appear in the Number just pub-
lished of the Westminster .Review'
The following is the erroneous statement :
" The Review was subsequently. purchased by
Sir William Molesworth, and united to the Lon-
don Review, conducted by Mr. John Mill, and
assisted by Mr. J. Robertson, as literary editor."
Short as this sentence is its mistakes are seve-
ral. I never was in any way concerned in the
management of the _London Review. At the
union of the London and Westminster Renkws
I was not connected with either, except as a
contributor of a single article to the former.
Sir William Molesworth was only the proprietor
of a single Number during my editorship. When
I had the honour of conducting the London and
Westminster Review the distinction made by Mr.
Bentham between what he characteristically
called—the half consecrated to morals, and the
half left for literary insignificances between the
political part and flowery part, was not kept up.,l
I became sole editor of the London and West-
minter Review in Februayy, 1837, and continued
in this relation to it until it was placed in the
hands of its present proprietor and editor, in
April, 1840. -With the exception of the Number
for July, 1837, the proprietor, during the whole
period of my editorship, was Mr. John Mill.
ThiS statement is necessary to prevent merits,
faults, opinions, and objects, not mine, from
being ascribed to me. M y successor is making
laudable efforts to abolish the anonymous in
criticism, not the least of the evils of which is
that it is every now and then destroyed on 'nig*
taken information, and literary men are saddled
with positions, productions, and responsibilities
not their own.
I have the honour to be, Sir, your's, obediently,
JOHN ROBERTSON.
I Reform Club, Oct. 6, 1842.

EXTRAORDINARY ATTEMPT AT SVICIDII. -- On
Tuesday morning last, about five o'clock, as a gentle.
man who is living in the house of Mr. Ross, an officer
in the Customs, of No. 6, York-street West, Com-
mercial-road, was standing at the window of his bed-
room, he was surprised at seeing a man rush along
the garden and precipitate himself head foremost into
a large water-butt. The gentleman instantly ran
down and endeavoured to extricate him, but finding
it impossible to effect it without assistance, the man's
feet only being above water, he called Mr. Ross, and
after some time they succeeded in getting him out.
He was insensible; but a surgeon having been sent
for; he was at length sufficiently revived to admit of
his being carried home. It appears that he is the son
of a green-grocer, named Freeman, living at No. 76,
Whitehorse-street, Stepney. He is 25 years of age,
and has lately been much addicted to drink. On the
night previous to the attempt on his life he was so
much excited that it was not deemed prudent to leave
him alone, and his father and mother were in the
room with him on Tuesday morning when he rushed
past them out of the house, and made the attempt as
above stated. He must have climed over two high
walls in order to reach Mr. Ross's garden. On reco-
vering from the effects of his immersion, lie was found
to be in a state of madness, and was removed to Rat-
cliffe workhouse, where he now lies.
LEWES.--DETERMINED SUICIDE.—An inquest was
held on Wednesday at the Snow Drop (a house so
called in consequence of its being the site of an ava-
lanche, attended with loss of several lives five years
ago), before- Mr. Gell, Coroner for East Sussex, on
the body of Samuel Hillman, bargemaster and collec-
tor of tolls in. the Ouse Lower Navigation. From
the evidence adduced, it appeared that about eleven
o'clock on Monday morning the deceased was found
hanging in a stable occupied by Mr. Cooter, in the
Cliff Chalk Pit, and on the body being cut down, his
throat was discovered to have been severely cut, but
not sufficiently toNestroy life. -It would appear that,
finding the first attempt at self-destruction ineffectual,
he carefully fastened the stable-door by means of a
rope, and then suspended himself over the door by
means of a handkerchief fastened to a nail. When cut
down deceased was quite dead. It further appeared
in evidence that the deceased had of late been very
melancholy, owing- to his inability to balance his
accounts as collector to the Ouse Navigation Com-
pany. The Jury returned a verdict, that " Deceased
destroyed himself while insane." Deceased, who is
of a highly respectable family, has left a wife (who is
dangerously ill) and ten children to deplore his end.
A letter from Vienna of the 20th ult. says:—" The
municipality of our capital -has just completed an
establishment unique in its kind in Germany, or per-
haps in the world—a swimming school for the winter.
The premises of this useful institution are composed
of a room of red marble, 1631 feet long and 46 wide,
covered with a vaulted roof of glass supported by 18
cast-iron columns with composite capitals. In the
middle of the room is the basin, 122 feet long and 40
wide, lined with earthenware, behind which are pipes
for conveying steam, in order to k€ep the water at a
certain temperature. Round the room are two rows
of closets for dressing, heated, as well as the room
itself, by hot air. Twelve huge lustres for gas, sus-
pended from the roof, give light to the place until
eleven o'clock at night."
THE PRIVATE TERRACE AT WINDSOR CASTLE.—
The public, for the future, will be admitted upon the
eastern terrace at Windsor Castle, which is opposite to
the private apartments of the Sovereign, on the after-
noons of every Saturday
and Sunday, from two o'clock
until sunset. This new regulation will take effect
from Saturday next, and will be continued through-
out the winter. The north terrace, which is open to
the public daily, is also closed at sunset.