The Sun.
London, England, 1827-07-03 00:00:00

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

FRENCH" PAPERS.
(From the lifoniteur of Saturday, June 30.)
(NON OFFICIAL PART.)
PARIS, JUNE 29.—A report is spread that the
news of the capitulation of the Acropolis has arrived.
It is said to have taken place on the 2d of this
month. The Greeks who composed the garrison
have obtained permission to return to their own homes,
and the Philhellenes, among whom was Colonel
Fabvier, were authorised to go to whatever place
they should think fit.
MADRID, JUNE 23.—Public attention has been
for some days absorbed by the difference that has
just arisen between the Spanish Government and
the Court of Rome, on the nomination of Bishops
for the new States in America. His Catholic Ma-
jesty, considering this nomination as a breach of the
Concordat, and as an infraction of his rights of
sovereignty, had caused orders to be given at the
frontiers not to receive the new Papal Nuncio,
Monsignor Tiberi, who was coming to succeed Car-
dinal Giustiniani, who left us a month ago. Mon-
signor Tiber', on arriving at Irun on the 17th, found
there a letter from the principal Secretary of State,
desiring him not to proceed on his journey, and on
the. intimation given him by the Captain General,
he has, in fact, returned to France.

The Councils of Castile, and of the Indies, which
were summoned to give their opinions on this de-
licate affair, and on a letter which his Holiness has
written to the King, to explain his conduct, has
terminated its deliberations, the result of which has
been transmitted to his Majesty. It seems that the
Council of State will also discuss it. No question
has arisen for many years that has caused so much
agitation and irritation.
His Catholic Majesty has just appointed the Duke
of San Carlos to be his Ambassador at Paris. M.
Toledo, a Spanish diplomatist, who has been de-
signed for Minister at Stockholm, but who, though
absent from the Peninsula, had not yet repaired to
his post, having attempted to return to Madrid with-
out permission, was not allowed to pass Iron, in
consequence of instructions sent to the frontiers not
to let him enter Spain.
(From the Etoile, dated Sunday, July 1.)
TOULON, JUNE 23.—The schooner La Torche,
which sailed the 6th inst., two days before the di-
vision, under Commodore Collet, arrived at Algiers
on the 11th. The Captain immediately went or
shore, and delivered the despatches of which he was
the bearer, to M. Duval, our Consul-General. The

latter under the pretext of returning Capt. Faure's
visit, went on board the schooner, and thus escaped
from the bad treatment which he endured. The
Dey, who, it is affirmed, did not imagine that M.
Duval had found means to transmit his complaints
to his Majesty, was perfectly at his ease, indulging
the pleasure of revenge, and left M. Duval at liberty
to go on board La Torche ; but when he found

that he did not return, and that the schooner had
anchored beyond the reach of the batteries, he re-
pented of his confidence, and foamed with rage;
when a few days afterwards, Captain Collett came
and placed his squadron off the port, so that nothing
could go out.
M. Duval, who went on board the Commodore's
vessel, is said to have left at Algiers his two
daughters and his son-in-law. It is supposed they
have placed themselves under the protection of the
Agent of some other European Power. It is added,
that the Dey replied with some degree of arrogance
to the first communication made to him by M. Col-
lett, and that he even expressed his regret at not
having detained the Clansul as a hostage. It is for-
tunate and honourab* OH the French Marine that
this expedition was prepared with such celerity, and
its object so carefully concealed that the Dey could
not be informed of the intentions of our Government,
and that not a single Corsair had left the port to
escape the French squadron.

The Torche left Algiers again on the 16th, and
arrived here this evening with the good news, which
was immediately sent by express to Paris.
To-day, the Heck corvette, Captain Goordoo,
arrived here from Alexandria, which it loft- tit...
TSth. It has on board M. Droutti, the French
Consul-General.

The last accounts from Smyrna of the 18th of
May, say that M. Schmolt, our Consul-General, is
dangerously ill.—Gazette de Lyon.
The latest accounts from Greece, received by
way of Italy, confirm the news of the Austrian Ob-
server of the arrival of. Lord Cochrane and Captain
Hastings, with the steam-boat, on the west coast
of the Morea. The reports circulated at London
seem therefore to be unfounded.

(From the Constitutionnel. )
PARIS, JUNE 29.—A letter from Marseilles, dated
June 23, explains, in the following orders, the prin-
cipal grievances of which the Dey of Algiers com-
plains, and which arc the cause of our present
differences :

Ist. The affairs of M. Nathon Bacry, and the
seven millions of francs paid by France in 1820, of
which the Regency and its subjects have, as yet,
received nothing, &c.
2d. The fortifications raising by the French at
Caale. Caale is a port which has belonged for many
years to France by treaty, and lies near Bona,between
Algiers and Tunis. It is well situated for the coral
fishery.
3d. The demand for tribute, which the Powers
protected by France do not pay.
4th. The proud and haughty tone affected by M.
Deval in his communications with the Regency,
respecting the affairs of France and the Roman
States.

The insult offered bo the Consul consisted in the
Dey, at the end of a discussion, throwing his fan in
his face, and ordering him to withdraw from his pre-
sence. There are no Algerine corsairs at sea, but
two armed vessels went out a few days back with
hadjis (pilgrims for Mecca) to Alexandria. The
Admiral de Riguy, who is at Alexandria, has been
made acquainted with the blockade of Algiers, and
requested to take those two vessels. The schooner
La To7Lhe has been sent to Bona to direct the

French agents, merchants, and coral fishers to quit
the country under the dominion of Algiers. The
fitting out several bomb-ships in the part of Toulon
Foes on with vigour. It is the general opinion that
rance will not obtain satisfaction without coming
to blows.

The fate of the rulers of the country is hard; the
Dey would not dare, perhaps, to propose to grant
satisfaction. So that every thing looks as if a bom-
bardment were inevitable.
Twelve French vessels departed from our port
yesterday, under the escort of the brig Le Cuirassier,
which lc to convoy them through the Straits, and
not leave them till they have reached Cape SparteL"
Another letter from Marseilles says :
" ilepstilities with Algiers have commenced. The
Algerines made the first attack by cannonading La
Torche, which fortunately received timely succour
from the division from Toulon."

RICHARD SHELL, ESQ.—We have learned,
with regret, that our able and eminently talented
countryman, Mr. Shiel, met with an accident on
Thursday, while riding from Booterstown. It
occurred in consequence of his horse falling
under him, by which the smaller part of his leg
was broken. We understand that the fracture is
but slight, and trust that this distinguished gen-
tle-man will shortly recover the effects of his ac-
cident.—Dublin Morning Post.
The workmen employed in digging a founda-
tion at Mr: Pedder's new buildings, in the North
suburbs, discovered (about four feet from the
surface) two bodies, apparently those of a man
and woman, but much decayed—they appeared
to. have been placed there in their clothes, some
vestiges of which remained, and as the place is
remote from any burial ground, the circumstance
excited considerable curiosity.—Tipperary Dee
Press.

LONDON,
TUESDAY EVENING, JULY 3, 1827.

The Paris Papers of Saturday, and the Etoile
dated Sunday morning, reached us last night.
The Etoile contains nothing of importance. Its
intelligence from Algiers is nearly the same as
that which we published on Saturday from the
L%loniteur, but the Constitutionnd contains a
statement of the grievances of which the DEY
of ALGIERS complained before he offered the
insult to the French Consul-General which has
led to hostilities. Bomb vessels are fitting out
at Toulon with all expedition, and the bombard-
ment of Algieis is said to be inevitable if the
DEY does not make immediate reparation for the
indignity offered to the Grande Nation.

The Moniteur mentions a report current in
Paris that the Acropolis surrendered on the 2d
of. June. It is added that the Greeks were to
return to their own homes, and that Col. FA B V lER
and the Philhellenes were to be permitted to go
to whatever place they thought fit.

The accounts from Madrid to the 23d of
June, inform us of a dispute between the Spanish
Government and his Holiness the Pori, on the
nomination of Bishops by the latter to the new
States of South America. His Catholic MA-
JESTY considered this act of the POPE as a
breach of the Concordat, and as an infraction of
his Rights of Sovereignty in Countries over which
he no longer possesses a shadow of authority,
and has sent instructions to the frontier not to
admit into the Spanish territories the Papal
Nuncio who was on his journey to Madrid. The
Council of Castile and the Indies, and the
Council of State, are to discuss this delicate
affair.

We cannot omit noticing a remarkable evi-
dence of the new regulations respecting the Cen-
sorship of the Press, furnished by the Journal
des Debats. Two of its columns are left en-
tirely blank. This may have been the space
occupied by some article which had been struck
out as objectionable by the Censors, and which
time did not enable the Editor to replace ; or it
may have been intentionally left blank, for the
purpose of more powerfully reminding its readers
of the existence of regulations which prevented
the insertion of articles, containing
the unre-
strained sentiments of the conductors of the
Journal.

Extracts of the Papers will be found in
another column•

FRENCII FUNDS, JUNE Cents, 102 f.
50c. ; Three per Cents, 71f. 34057. ;FNe'eappoleilt.an, 76f 95c.
Spanish Loan (1823), 594 f. Exchange on London, one
month, Paper, 25f. Sse. ; Money, 25f. 30c..--Three
months, paper, 25f. 20c. ; money, 25f. 17ic.

As much is still said and insinuated in para-
graphs of the John Bull Paper, as to the man-
ner in which the memorandum made by Lord
LIVERPOOL, on the application of the pre-
sent Lord LONDONOERRY for a pension,
got into the newspapers, it • may be as well
once for all, to state, which we have autho-
rity to do,—that tile memorandum did not
reach any newspapers either by the agency,
or with the permission, or with the knowledge,
of any of those persons to whom the writers
of the paragraphs above mentioned refer._
It must probably have been mentioned ill
conversation by some person who accidentally
saw it, and must thus, like other things which
are talked of, have found its way
into the
Newspapers.

All the private accounts received yesterday
from Lisbon continue to describe the state of
political affairs as being unsettled, and uncertain
as to their result. By one party SALDAismA is
said to have triumphed, and by the other to have
been duped. The latter party, the Apostolicals,
are in high spirits, probably from foreseeing in
the acts of those who now hold power, either the
insecurity of their Government or the probability
of their involving Portugal in a war with Spain.
We have collected in another part of our paper
several extracts from the private correspondence
from Lisbon published by our cotemporaries.

We have also received private communications
from thence, which fully bear out the view ge-
nerally taken of the insecurity of the present
order of things in Portugal. Our correspondent
states distinctly, that the views of the new party
to constitutionalize Spain will inevitably draw
on a war between the two Kingdoms ; and he
concludes that when they have plunged their
country into that state they will apply for more
assistance from this country. He states like-
wise that the recent change of Ministry in Lis-
bon was brought about without the knowledge
of their protecting ally ; it was purposely kept
secret till after the sailing of the packet on Sun-
day, when it made its appearance in a Supple-
ment to the Gazette of Saturday.
On the Thursday preceding, Vice Admiral
Lord AMELIUS BEAUCLERK gave a Diplo-
matic Dinner to Sir WILLIAM A'COURT, Sir
WILLIAM CLINTON, and the Portuguese Mi-
nisters of Foreign Affairs, War, and Marine, and
other high Functionaries. All the Ministers
appeared to understand each other perfectly,
but at that very moment the Ministers of War
and Marine had each the dismissal of the other in
his pocket. They contrived, however, to keep the
intended removal of Ministers nearly a secret,
and it was not actually known till promulgated,
as above stated, by the Supplement to the
Gazette, published after the sailing of the
Packet. Even our Ambassador had no idea of
the change. The late Minister for Foreign
Affairs, FRANCISCO D'ALMEIDA, is said to
be a very quick, clever, young man, and mo-
derate in his principles.. He would have pre-
ferred, however, seeing Don MIGUEL on the
Constitutional Throne to having the country
remain at the beck of the EMPEROR of
the Brazils. The Minister of Finance was a
clever man, and possessed of some property.—
The Bishop of Vizeu is said to have been
an Apostolic ; the Bishop of Algarves, who
comes in, is a decided Liberal. Our Corres-
pondent adds, that the PRINCESS REGENT is
quite recovered, but is still feeble. The
country remained tranquil, and harmony had
been preserved between the British and Portu-
guese. Lord A. BEAUCLERCK had shifted his
flag to the Albion, and his former flag-ship, the
Spartiate, and the Genoa, were cruizing off the
bar.

It is with much regret that we perceive some
of our Contemporaries writing in favour of Eng-
land's greatest curse—we mean her system of
Poor Laws. We have frequently expressed our
opinions on the subject, and shall not now enter
on it at any length ; but we would intreat the
advocates of the system to consider, that it is
opposed to IT _ le principles on winurt crrir

was originally constituted, and that they are
vainly endeavouring to substitute a weak human
invention for that universal and pervading prin-
ciple of self-interest which Heaven has given as
the main-spring of our. actions. The savage
who roams the desert trusts to no other savage
for his means of subsistence. If he cannot find
and cannot kill game, he knows he must perish,
and therefore his utmost ingenuity and vigour
are exerted ; but, when he makes a compact
with the other rangers of the forest to live in
villages and to protect each other, far from ex-
tending their former notions (if that were possi-
ble) of a community of goods, their first act is
to enforce a regard for private property, and to
subdivide lands and pastures which before were
common, and in that state could not support
one-fiftieth _part of the population which can
live comfortably on them when cultivated under
the assurance, that others shall not share the fruits
of the labour bestowed op their tillage. It is
easy to satisfy him that he must contribute his
share, either in person or in money, to the de-
fence of the community, and to the construction
of roads and bridges, but in that he sees no vio-
lation of private property, which he does if called
on to contribute to the support of the infirm,
the unfortunate, or the lazy. Those labouring
under bodily infirmities constitute so small a
portion of any community, and sympathy is so
strong a principle (though often tinctured with
the selfish dislike to witness pain), that in all
ages these legitimate objects of compassion have
safely trusted to the charity of others, and our
newly reclaimed savage would easily and cheerfully
assist them. But tell him that one-third of the
village will not labour, or cannot find work to do,
and that he must give half his crop for their sup-
port,—is it not certain that his exertions will
slacken, and that he will cultivate his land in a
very inferior style to what he did when assured
of enjoying the whole produce, except such as
he voluntarily parted with ?
But this is an exact parallel to the Poor Laws
of England. In some counties, lands are scarcely
worth the having, and such would inevitably
have been the case throughout the country, if
the monstrous evils arising from them had not
some years ago opened men's eyes to the radical
error of the system, which violates private pi o-
perty, and goes to establish a communion of
goods, such as we see among the Tribes of
American Indians, with its consequent admirable
system of agriculture.
The evil has risen to a monstrous pitch in
England, and must be slowly and cautiously
undone ; but for Heaven's sake let us not crown
all the evils which the guardianship of England
has brought on unhappy Ireland, by adding to

them her system of Poor Laws, which, if equality
-between the two coantries be desired, is much
more likely to bring it about by sinking England
than by raising Ireland in the scale of nations.

An express has just arrived from Paris, bring-
ing the French Funds, after 'Change hours, as
follows :—Three per Cents. 71f. 75c., and 72f.
fir the end of the month.

We received this morning the Allgemeine
Zeifung of the 26th ult. It contains part of the
report of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the
late proceeding's of the Secret Societies in Poland,
with the names of some leading members, upon
whom sentence is ordered to be passed. The
sentences, however, are not mentioned, and, as
the report is incomplete, we defer any observa-
tions we may make till the remainder arrive :

WARSAW, JUNX 8.

The Journals of this city, contain a decree of the 19th
of April, this year, by which the tribunal of the Diet is
directed to pass sentence on the following persons prose-
cuted before it, viz. :—Severin, Kozycauowsky, Kam-
slaus, Count Solbyk, Franz, Majewtyke, the Eccleastus
Denebek, Kanislaus Zablocki, Adalbert Gozmala, Andreas
Plichta, and Romano Count Zanluski, and others who may
be added to them during the judicial proceedings. As
Count Zamowski, the President of the Senate, was also
President of the Commission of Enquiry, it is ordered that
on this account, and the better to insure impartiality in the
decisions, his place as President of the Tribunal shall be
taken by the Senator and Woywode, Count Bielenski ; and
if he should be hindered, by the Senator and Woyvoode,
Count Krasanski. The Counsellor of State Anton Von
Wyezerhowski, is to act as prosecutor ; and the Judge of
Appeal, Clanieres Rennowsky, as Secretary to the Supreme
Tribunal.

The Tribunal accordingly met oa the 15th instant, on
which occasion the Minister of State, Count Soboleweki
said--Senators ! You have just heard the reasons which
have induced His Majesty, though with feelings of regret,
to take measures which his august duties commanded.
His Majesty, in his wisdom, has found them in unison with
the rights given to us, the object of which is to preserve
the principles of social order, and the tranquillity of the
nations, which the will of Providence has placed under
his sceptre.
" The Ordinance on the organization of the Tribunal of
the Diet does not strictly bind you to the regulations of
criminal proceedings, when it is requisite to judge of the
proofs of the existence or non-existence of guilt. It leaves
the examination of them to your own consciences, and
thereby gives you an indispensable proof of his 7tlajesty's
confidence in your loyalty to the throne, your love to the
country, and your impartiality; qualities in which, as
members of the first body of the State, you are and ought
to be a pattern to others."
Report of the Commission of Inquiry addressed to the
Grand Duke Constantine Cesarowitach, Commander-in-
Chief of the Polish army.
"At the end of the year 1814, there existed a secret
Society, under the name of Genuine Poles. Its object
was to diffuse a national spirit ; every, member bound
himself to engage other members, and to observe
secrecy. As an external mark of recognition, they
wore rings with the national colours, and a cer-
tain number of points indicative of the number of the
fundamental laws of the Society, and with the cypher of
the name of the society. The society, which never had
more than twelve members, did not succeed and was dis-
solved in about a year without leaving any trace of its ex-
istence, but an awakened spirit of intrigue. Shortly after
some minds were again inflamed by an incidental expression
of the late General of Cavalry, Dabrowsky, regretting that
the brave Polish nation had derived so little advantage to
itself from its great sacrifices, that the existence of the di-
vided nation seemed less secured, and that it were to be
wished that the spirit of the Poles could be excited and
confidence in their own strength inspired; in order, without
regard to the difference of the Governments to which they
were now subject, to concentrate their whole efforts in fa-
vour of the present Sovereign in the Kingdom of Poland,
6and as circumstances should offer to preserve their iude-

people might choose."
These expressions did not fail to make a considerable
impression, and were communicated at different times to
Prince Antony Jablonowaki, and also to Lieutenant-Cols.
Krzyzanowski and Pradzynski, and to several other per-
sons, but they did not lead to the formation of any particu-
lar society for the prosecution of the object though the
ideas hereby excited, may have taken root, and led the way
to the subsequent Secret Societies in Poland.
In 1821, notwithstanding the closing of the Freemasons'
Lodges, a suspicion arose of secret societies, and the inves-
tigation which was ordered to be made, clearly proved the
existence of such a one under the name of " National
Freemasonry," the form of which resembled that of the
Freemasons' Lodges. Major Lukazinski, of the 4th Regi-
ment of Infantry, who had already conceived plans for a
more extensive secret society, took the opportunity of
the establishment of this National Freemasonry, and
accepted the dignity of Grand Master. Without ex-
cluding other persons, he chiefly sought to engage Civil
and Military Officers ; and the following was stated to
be the object of the Society—reciprocally to assist each
other in all the events of life, to labour for tame main-
tenance of the national character, and to preserve the re-
membrance of the glorious deeds of the. Polish nation. For
this reason they assumed for their motto .the illustrious
names Boleslaus, Chrobry, l3atory, Zamoyski, Ponia-
towski, &c.

The Society had soon a considerable number of members ;
but as it was without unity of sentiment and action, and as
Major Lukazinski had excited mistrust, by want of sincerity,
and discontent by his arbitrary proceedings, the members
gradUally separated from it. Lukazinski, therefore, could
not find in the Society itself an instrument for the attain-
ment of objects different from those alleged ; and it was ac-
cordingly declared dissolved at the beginning of 1820. This
date may be considered as the end of the National Free-
masonry among the military.
The Chapters of the Society, however, or rather the Se-
cret Committee, unknown to the members of it, still existed
in full activity ; and, having thrown off the mask of Free-
masonry, pursued the real objects of the founder.
A new society was accordingly formed in 1821.
M. Von Szezaniecki, formerly a Polish officer, having
settled after he quitted the service in the Grand Duchy of
Posen, introduced there the national freemasonry into
which he had been initiated at Warsaw, and this society,
after being dissolved in the kingdom of Poland, continued
to exist in Posen till the year 1820. At the end of
June that year Lieutenant-Colonel Pradzyuski was present
d be
told
at a meeting, in which General Urninski was received.
Szezaniecki
sji
thisnufterin
timtot city, and
wasou
w
well to do the same in Poland, to which he is said to have
replied that this could not be done, inasmuch as by the in •
fluence of Pradzynski the object and denomination of the
tthieecsk oicigeotyinfvas dissolved
society were changed, and it was now called by the name
of the Scythebearers.