The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-27 00:00:00

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1 .1 LS le

LONDON :
TUESDAY MORNING. SEPTEMBER 27, 1842.

as patriotism. Why, the slave-dealers defended
their odious traffic on the ground that it added
to the wealth and power of Great Britain, and
on no better ground does the Chronicle defend
its plan for blocking up a river against the fer-
tilizing commerce of a friendly nation.
That the Americans should have the free
navigation of the St. John's, as we demand
the free navigation of the Elbe, cannot inflict the
smallest injury on either the colonies of Great
Britain or the mother country. On the con-
trary, it would add, by the transit trade, to the
prosperity of every hamlet on the banks of the
river. To withhoM such freedom from a jealousy
or fear of the prosperity of another nation, is
rancour, not statesmanship. Before we can
barter the privilege against some other presumed
advantage, we must commit an act of usurpation,
and then sell what we have usurped.

England, we maintain, has no more right, for
her own advantage, to hinder the Americans,
when they will, from floating their boats or
ships down the St. John's, than she has to hinder
their ships from entering the Mersey or the
Thames. She has the power, but her
own interest forbids her to exercise it.
So it is with every State possessing the
borders of a great river. It can stop every ves-
sel and prevent it passing, as barbarous Turkey
may have done on the Danube, but the inte-
rest of its people, if not of its Government, for-
bias the exercise of such a power. We cannot
give up such an opinion, because Mr. CANNING
held the doctrine that England might stop the
Americans from using the St. Lawrence. Mr.
CANNING was a Tory, and his opinion is no re-
commendation to us, whatever it may be to the
writer in the Chronicle. We repudiate entirely
the moral and international law on which one
State claims a right to debar another, while
they are at peace, from the free use of the great
highways which nature has established for the
commerce of mankind. The doctrines laid down
by the Chronicle are worthy only of Prince
ERNEST, and those who maintain the Stade
dues. They are equally hostile to the benevo-
lent principles of free trade, and of all approved
morality.

The country is new again happily restored to
quietness. No other effects apparently remain
of the late insurrection than the alarm it has ge-
nerated, which may be salutary or otherwise, as,
under its influence, wisdom shall work out pre-
cautions for the future, or passion, by the.inflict-
tion of punishment, shall seek present gratifica-
tion. The cessation of disturbances will at least
give the Ministers an opportunity, undisturbed
by clamour and unawed by violence, to devise
measures for the public good. The turn-out was
the symptom of a deep-seated disease. It re-
quires instant attention and powerful remedies ;
and what, under such circumstances, are Ministers
doing ? In their hands are placed all the power
of Government, and they will hereafter be called
to account for their present conduct in relation
to the condition of the people.
The summer has passed away, the harvest is
abundant, a considerable supply of food has been
introduced from abroad, prices are falling, but
trade does not revive to any perceptible extent.
Enterprise has not started from her sleep. Last
week, probably, was as dull as most of its prede-
cessors. Indeed, employment seems decreasing
instead of increasing, and those who have during
the last two months found work in the fields, are
not likely, we are afraid, to find it in the towns
for the next four. The report that a large ma-
nufacturer at Birmingham has begun to diminish
his workmen in consequence of the American
tariff, was thus mentioned at a meeting on the
Corn-laws held at that town on Thursday last :
They were, perhaps, well aware (said Mr. Swift,
the Chairman) that one of their most industrious, re-
spectable, and, he would say, one of the best manu-
facturers in Birmingham, had been compelled to give
notice to a large number of his hands ; that, in conse-
quence of the new tariff, he could no longer employ
them.—(Hear, hear.) That was true, or it was not
true.—(Hear, hear, and cries of " It's true.") Yes,
it was true that Mr. James James, who for twenty-
one years had never been compelled to discharge one
hand for want of orders, had now been compelled to
send an immense number of poor creatures upon the
world without the means of subqictence—(l-Tear'
hear)—solely on account of the American tariff.
The question then came, what caused the introduction
of that tariff ? He would say that it had been caused
by the bad policy of our Government, by the laws
which prevented the people of England from taking
the corn of the United States in exchange for our goods.
There was not a better conducted manufactory in
England than that of Mr. James James (said Mr.
J. Hayman.) Attention was paid to the morals and
comforts of the people in his employ; and it must be j
a source of regret that such a man should be com-
pelled to turn his hands away. He had been credibly
informed, that the day he announced his intention to
his work-people, a very distressing scene took place ;
and well the poor people might feel the loss of so
kind an employer, if they even could procure work
from others; but that they would not be able to do.
In fact, there was not a manufacturer then in the
room who did not know that the whole of the heavy
iron manufacturing
.trade, in this town and neigh-
bourhood, would be lost in the American market.
None but immense capitalists had any chance at all
of carrying on trade at present. The small manufac-
turers could not go on.
Notwithstanding the importation of a few head

Towards the close of the session Lord PAL-
MERSTON made quite a name for himself by his
bold attacks on the commercial policy of the
• Tories. The Liberal party, in the absence of
Lord JOHN RUSSELL, looked up to him as its
leader, and reports got abroad that Lord JonN
was to resign the leadership permanently to
Lord PALMERSTON. Being at least one of the
foremost men of the party in opposition, his opi-
nions are matters of great importance. Hence
we attach more consequence to the leading arti-
cles of the Morning Chronicle, which is said to
speak the sentiments of the Noble Lord, than
we otherwise should. Believing ourselves that
the settlement of the dispute with the United
States, on almost any terms, would be highly
beneficial to both countries, and believing that
Lord ASHBURTON'S treaty settles it in an ex-
tremely favourable manner to both—for both will
main by the settlement, which inflicts no particle
of disgrace or dishonour on either—we feel called
on to signify.our dissent from the tirades which
the Chronicle publishes day after day against the
treaty.
If it were demonstrated to-morrow, which it
cannot pOssibly be, that the boundary traced out
by Messrs. MUDGE and FEATHERSTONEHAUGH,
was foot by foot, and step by step, the boundary-
agreed on originally between the two States; and
• if it were at the same time demonstrated, as it
is, that it i 4 more convenient to both parties,
both having for some time lost sigh t ofthat original
boundary, now to make a different arrangement;
and if
the line chosen and settled is convenient,
as alt parties admit that it is, we should bold it to
- be the merest drivelling
crest in any man who pre-
tended to look at the interest of the two nations, to
assign the least
imnortance to the original boun-
dary' and much
worse than drivellinr, to make
that a reason for rejectingnew and conve-
nient arrangement the
original boundarayr,o,ni
agreed to. To harp on the
however, the gist of the
articles of the
urged day after day with Chronicle, and, being
great vehemence, in
order to excite the public against
question,
the treaty and
retard the settlement c ti
ttion, we are
bound to state that we repudiate its doctrines
in toto, aad will on that point lend
n
otssupport
whatever to the party which it represents.
We copy from the Spectator some remarks
which set in a true light the sacrifice of all
Whig and Liberal principles which the Chronicle
is now making, from supposing that it will serve,
which we are assured it will not, the purposes of
party. To those remarks, which have our
cordial concurrence, we must add that the
Chronicle, by arguing against allowing the Ame-
ricans to have the free and unconditional naviga-
tion of the St. John's to the sea, and by its de-
sire to impede the commerce of the United
States, or levy tolls on it as it passes along that
river, beyond what may be necessary to main-
tain the navigation, acts a great deal worse
than the King of HANOVER in relation to the
Stade dues. He only asks to maintain such
an ancient and onerous usurpation—the Chro-
nicle wishes now to establish one. He seeks
to keep a fetter on trade—the Chronicle
would.fittnother. It would now establish the
robbei tot4'brthe middle agesomaiglories in it

of cattle, the measures of last session have failed
to give the country any material relief, and
something else must be devised. What do the
Ministers purpose—what are they doing? The
Gazette informs us that they have issued a com-
mission to try the offenders; from the Court
Circular we learn that they have held a Privy
Council, and further prorogued Parliament.
They have agreed, also, to a form of thankgiving
for the abundant harvest. Lord STANLEY pre-
sented Sir R. WILSON, the new Governor of
Gibraltar to the QUEEN; and the Earl of ABER-
DEEN performed the same duty for the Right.
Hon. H. Buds, about to proceed on a special
mission to the Brazils. He may be of some ser-
vice to the people, if he be allowed to invite the
Brazilian Government to good fellowship by pro-
mising a large reduction of the duty on Bra-
zilian sugar, otherwise the expense of sending
him abroad had better been spared. Such acts
as these are the only visible signs known of the
existence of Ministers; and we cannot flatter
either ourselves or the public that they will
much contribute to the restoration of prosperity.
It may be righf to issue a Special Commission
to punish the offenders, but the Ministers will
not half do their duty if they only inflict
punishment. Something more is wanted than
imprisoning and hanging people for offences.
That is an old and a very inefficacious remedy
for disorders arising from deficient nutriment.
No Minister can say, without decrying his own

office, above all Sir R. PEEL—who took office to
remedy the public disorders, and would not pre-
scribe till he had been feed—cannot say that no

remedy can be found for the present state of
poverty and discontent. He is bound to find a
remedy for our disorders, bound to make the
people prosperous and happy, or bound to give
up the Government. He and the craft of poli-
ticians profess that their object and intentions
are to make the people happy. That is the trade
to which they have been brought up, and they
cannot say there is no remedy for the public dis-
orders, :without abdicating, in fact, the functions

of Government.
Ministers seam to us to have no time to lose.
The beggary in the country claims instant re-
lief; to effect anything of importance, a combi-
nation of all the good sense which exists in the
public is necessary ; and to bring the public good
sense into active operation, it must be roused

and directed from head-quarters.
Some hints have been thrown
out that the
sliding scale has sudden a little so s
uccessfully,
that it will next session slide again and more, and
slide out of existence. If the Corn-laws are to be
abolished uextsession, which will be justified by
low prices, now is the time to inform the public.
At this period leases are renewed, and it will be
a gross injustice to the farmer should Sir R.
PEEL contemplate any further reduction of du-
ties on foreign agricultural produce, and not at
once make known his intentions. We know not
what the Government means to do; we know
what ought to be done ; and we know also, what-
ever the Government means to do, it cannot,
for its own success,. too, soon make known its
intentions.

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 27, 1842.

her parting breath ; I would catch and cherish the
last vital spark of her expiring patriotism ; yes—
Date, Vulnera lymphis
Abluam et exiremus si (pus super halitus errat
Ore legam.
" Nor let this be deemed a mere office of pious cha-
rity ; nor an exaggerated reprezentatiun of my feel-
ings, nor an overcharged picture of the circumstances
that call them forth. In the cause of Spain, the
cause of honour and of interest is equally involved
and inseparably Allied, It is a cause in favour of
which the finest feelings of the heart unite with the
soundest dictates of understanding."
In the debates on the Roman Catholic claims,
which occupied the attention of the House in April,
1812, he, in tte course of a brilliant speech, broke
out into this imaassioned burst—" What, in the name
of God, is there in the nature of their tenets dan-
gerous to the li )erty of the people, or the security of
the State ? What do you fear from the power of the
Pope ? Has Fonaparte, who is, in fact, the present
proprietor of hi, Holiness, been able to wield his in-
fluence to any purpose ? In Spain, has he, by his
means, been ab:e to establish a new dynasty under a
person of his (Peril family on the throne of Spain, or
to shake the :'oundation of that monarchy ? Has
Bonaparte, with the aid of the Pope, been able to
shake any of those principles of liberty burning in
the bosoms of the Spanish people ?" The Marquis
proceeded to ran on in a lofty tone of sarcasm upon
this assumed bagbear, and laughed in the end to scorn
the shadow of .:he power in the Pope. In concluding
this memorabl! speech, he said, "it will be well when
the whole of this great question is before you, to ex-
amine this great and fundamental doctrine, whether
the Protestant Establishment is best supported by civil
restraints, penalties, and exclusions, or by a system of
peace and of caarity, consistent with the mildness of
our religion, with the true spirit and principle of the
Reformation, with the character of our liberty, and
the parental spirit of this great State."
After some years of retirement' the Marquis of
Wellesley accepted the appointment of Lord Lieu-
tenancy of Ireland. In consequence of this appoint-
ment, he proceeded, in 1822, to Dublin, where his
known friendly disposition to the cause of the Catho-
lics prepared him for a highly popular reception.
One of his first endeavours, oA taking possession of
of the Vice-regal Government, was to stop the custo-
mary, but fearfully irritating, processions, with which
the Orangemen testified their admiration of King
William's triumph over the Catholic James. Another
was, his attempt to introduce a thorough reform into
the Irish Magistracy. By his efforts, the practical
jurisprudence of the country is by some thought to
have been much improved, and faction to have lost
much of its evil tendency and its power.
Such was the favourable opinion of one party : but
by another on the opposite hand his Government was
considered so entirely unfortunate at this period, and
so ill did his Administration uphold the former trust
reposed in his discretion and sagacity, that contrast-
ing his splendid career at his outset in life in In-
dia, with his trial and failure of the " soothing sys-
tem" in the " Green Isle," it was jocularly, and with
much felicity observed on the occasion, that "he had
followed the course of sun ; in that he rose in the eas
and set in the west."

The Marquis of Wellesley was twice married. His
former lady, whom he married, November '29, 1794,
was Hyacinthe Gabrielle, only daughter of Pierre
Roland, who died in November, 1816. He next
married Marianne, eldest daughter and co-heiress of
Richard Caton, Esq., of Maryland, in North America,
and widow of Mr. atterson.

Several speeches and pamphlets have been pub-
lished by his Lordship at different times, on circum-
stances or questions connected with his administra-
tion, or with the great public events of the period.
Among these are " Substance of a Speech in the
House of Commons, on the Address," which appeared
in the year 1794. " Notes relative to the peace
concluded with the Mahrattas," printed in quarto,
in 1804, and containing an abridged view of Indian
affairs. " Letters to the Government of Fort St.
George, relative to the new form of Government esta-
blished there," published in 1812 ; and " Letters to
the Directors "of the East India Company, on the
India trade," which also appeared the same year.
The dispatches, minutes, and correspondence of his
Indian administration were, in 1836, ably edited by
Montgomery Martin, as also his Dispatches and Cor-
respondence connected with:his mission to Spain.
Most of our readers will recollect the debate which
took place at the East India House last year, in
March, on the resolution of the Court of Directors to
erect a statue to the Marquis in their Court-room : to
so recent a circumstance we need not more than recur.
The surname of this illustrious family of the IVel-
lesleys, rendered still more illustrious by its present
descendants, was originally Cowley or Coll oy, and
appears to have been first rendered eminent by Walter
Cowley, who sustained the office of Solicitor-General
in Ireland in 1537, and that of Surveyor-General of
the Kingdom in 1548. The Colley and Wellesley
families intermarried at the time of the Restoration,
and the former member from thenceforward bore the
arms and name of I.l.',llesley. His grandson in 1728
Was raised to the Irish Peerage, and after having
borne the office of Second Chamberlain of the Court
of Exchequer, and represented the borough of Trim,
became in 1746 Baron Mornington. His son Garret,
who, in 1760, succeeded him, was, as we have before
stated, the father of the departed subject of this notice

Immediately on the announcement of the melan-
choly fact, all express was sent off to the Duke of
Wellington, who was on a visit to her Majesty at
Windsor Castle. The Noble Duke immediately re-
paired to Apsley House, and after staying a few
minutes proceeded direct to convey the melancholy
intelligence to his brother, the Earl of Maryborough,
who is at Wollner Castle. A messenger was sent to
Sir R. Peel yesterday morning, informing him of the
occurrence. _ _

With the Marquis all those titles which were con-
ferred on himself become extinct, but the Earldom of
Mornington, the Viscounty of Wellesley, and the Ba-
rony of Mornington, in the peerage of Ireland, de-
scend to his next brother, Lord Maryborough, be-
cause these were honours which their father had
enjoyed. , Lord MarybGrough, now Earl of Morn-
ington, is in his 79th year. He assumed the name of
Pole on inheriting the estates of his cousin, William
Pole, of Ballyfin. His Lordship's eldest son, the
Hon. William Pole Tviney Long Wellesley, married,
as is well known, the daughter and heiress of Sir
James Tylney Long, Bart. ; this lady died in 1825,
and Mr. Wellesley married, in 1828, the third daugh-
ter of Col. Paterson, and relict of Edward Bligh, Esq.
Mr. Long Wellesley will now enjoy the courtesy
title of Viscount "Wellesley, or that of Lord Mary-
borough, whichever he may choose.
The number of families put into mourning by this
event is, of course, considerable, including those of
Lord Maryborough, the Duke of Wellington, Lord
Cowley, the Hon. and Rev. Gerald V. Wellesley, the
Earl of Westmoreland, the Marquis of Tweeddale, the
Marquis of Salisbury, the Earl of Cadogan, Sir Chas.
Bagot, Lord Fitzroy Somerset, Lord Robert Grosve-
nor, the Earl of Winchilsea, &c.
By the death of the Marquis, a stall in the Order of
the Garter falls to the patronage of Ministers, and the
office of Custos Rotulorum of the county of Meath
also becomes vacant. The Marquis was a Knight of
the Turkish Order of the Crescent, and of the Persian
Order of the Lion and Sun.

The Marquis enjoyed a pension of 2,6931., as Re-
membrancer of the Exchequer in Ireland.

COURT CIRCULAR.

WINDSOR, MONDAY.-I'h;Cineen and Prince Al-
bert took their usual morning walk on the Slopes.
Afterwards Prince Albert, accompanied by the Arch-
duke Frederick of Austria, went out shooting over
the Flemish farm. Colonel Bouverie and Baron Leb-
zeltern attended their Royal and Imperial Highnesses.
In the afternoon the Queen rode out in an open
carriage and four, attended by the Countess of Mount
Edgecumbe and the Hon. Misses Paget and Stanley.
Prince Albert and the Archduke of Austria, and
several of the gentlemen, left the Castle at the same
time on horseback.
11i3 Highness Prince Esterhazy went to town this
morning, but returned to the Castle to dinner.
Their Royal
the Princess Royal have been taken their accustomed
airings to. day. Highnesses the Prince of Wales and
The Duchess of Cambridge, the Princesses Augus-
ta and Mary, and Prince George of Cambridge, the
Earl and Countess of Jersey, and Lady Clenientina
Villiers, arrived at the Castle to-day, on a visit to the
Queen.
The Prince and Princess of Liechtenstein, the
Duke of Wellington, the
Earl and Countess Dela-
warr, and Lady Elizabeth West, took theirdeparture
from the Castle to-day.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Lady
Charlotte Dundas Sir George and Lady Couper, and
Lady Isabella Vemyss,
will join the Royal dinner
circle at the Castle this evening.

Her Royal Highne-
ss th Duchess of Cambridge,
e
accompanied by Prince George and the Princesses
Augusta and Mary of Cambridge, and attended by
Baroness Ahlefeldt left her residence at Kew yester-
day afternoon, on a visit to her Majesty at Windsor
Castle.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Cambridge has
arrived at Alnwick Castle on a visit to the Duke of
Northumberland from
Ravensworth Castle, the seat
of Lord Ravensworth.
The Duke of Wellington arrived at A:psley-house
Windsor
morning, from a visit to her Majesty at
Windsor Castle. His Grace left town for his resi-
dence, Walmer Castle, Kent.
Sir Robert Wilson had an interview with Lord
Stanley yesterday, at the Colonial-office.
Several of the Cabinet Ministers had an interview
with Sir Robert Peel r t lay afternoon
3 es ert , at his resi-
dence, in Whitehall-gardens. 1
The Earl of Aberdeen left town yesterday after- 1
noon, on a visit to the-Queen, at Windsor Castle.