The Sun.
London, England, 1842-01-12 00:00:00

LADE AND TRILL V. TRILL AND LADE.

This cause, which came before the Court on a bill and
cross bill, related to certain claims arising out of promis-
sory notes, passed between the parties, and other trans-
actions of a remote -date. The arguments engaged his
Honour during the greater portion of the day, but were
totally devoid of interest.
His Hosocra in the course of the morning announced
to the bar that as it was probable he would not be able
to sit on Saturday nest, and therefore that it would be
well to arrange so that those causes which had been
specially appointed for hearing on that day, should be
placed in the list for Monday. It was possible that he
might sit on the former day, but if such should be the
case he would mention it in Court.
(Before Vice-Chancellor Wiener.)
His Honour was engaged the whole morning in hear-
ing a motion for an injunction on the part of the North
Union Railway Company, against the Bolton Railway
Company. The case for.the plaintiff was not concluded
when we went to press. We shall give an outline of the
facts at a more advanced stage.

QUEEN'S BENCH.-(THIS DAY.)

DECREASE OF LITIGATION.

At the sitting of the Court this morning, Lord Den-
man called upon all the counsel present, but none of them
had any motions to make, and their Lordships pro-
ceeded to take the new trial paper.

HALLIWELL V. PEARNAN.

This was an action brought by ii;Tilidntiff to recover
damages for the infringement of a patent for rendering
impervious to water, cotton and other fabrics. The de-
fendant had pleaded several pleas ; first, that the inven-
tion was not a useful one ; second, that the plaintiff was
not the first inventor ; thirdly, that the invention
was not new ; and, fourthly, that the defend-
ant had not infringed the patent. The Jury
found a verdict for the plaintiff on all the issues,
and a rule for a new trial was subsequently moved for,
on the ground that the invention was not new, that the
specification was insufficient, and would not enable par-
ties to carry the invention into effect; and thirdly, that it
was not the proper subject for a patent.
The SOLICITOR-GENERAL now appeared to show
-cause against _the_ rule, and submitted that the only
question which the Court had now to decide was

whether the Jury had given a verdict against
the evidence. As to the questions of the
invention not being a useful one, or that it was not
the proper subject of a patent, he believed the evidence
that had been offered at the trial was quite enough to
satisfy their Lordships- and the Jury upon these points.
The important discovery in the present case was, that
whereas in the Macintosh-waterproofing the invention
rendered the cloth not only waterproof but air-
tight, and thereby confined the perspiration, in
tho plaintiff's patent the fabric was rendered water-
tight without confining the perspiration. The grounds
urged by the defendant, founded on the patent law the
sth and 6th William IV., chap. 83, were that plaintiff
was not the first inventor, and that it was not new ; that
all the supposed improvements had been previously
publicly known and used by the defendant, and
many other persons. Now he submitted that the
evidence at the trial negatived all these ob-
jections, and, according to the sth section of
the Act, the defendant was precluded from
offering any additional objections of which he had
not previously given the plaintiff 'notice. The Court
would observe that in the amended patent the plaintiff
had disclaimed any improvement in the water-proofing
of woollens, and had confined himself ,exclusively to
cottons, and; as regarded these fabrics, no evidence had
been offered that such an invention had ever been pre-
viously applied to them. On these grounds he submitted
that the verdict ought not to be disturbed.
Mr. KELLY for the defendant, submitted that the ver-
dict was one which could not be permitted to stand, in-
asmuch as the application of the ingredients stated in
the plaintiff's patent to be waterproofing of various
fabrics had been well known and extensively- used in the
trade for many years previously to the enrolment of the
patent in 1835. The Learned Counsel referred at' some
length to the evidence given at the time for the purpose
of showing that the ingredients used by the plain-
tiff were well known and previously used by
persons for the purpose of rendering woollen
and other fabrics impervious to water, and the only dif-
ference was that the proportions of alum, whiting,
soap, varied in the patent from those previously used. It
was unnecessary for him to go into the question of the
insufficiency of the specification, because the evidence
was quite satisfactory and conclusive in establishing the
fact that the process, as set forth therein, would not pro-
truce the result which was stated in the letters patent.
The Court took time to consider its judgment.
DAVILLA V. YALMARINO.
This was an action upon a bill of exchange
for 2504, brought by the plaintiff, a picture-
dealer, residing in Leicester-street, Leicester-square,
against the' defendant, a foreign gentleman. The
defendant pleaded no consideration. The case was
tried before Lord Denman, at the sittings after last
Easter Term, and a verdict had for the defendant,
on the ground of fraud. A rule fur a new trial had
been subsequently moved for, on theground of the ver-
dict being against evidence. -
Mr. C3CKBURN now appeared to show cause against
the rule. The Learned Counsel having referred to the
evidence given at the trial was interrupted by
The COURT, who were of opinion that the rule
for a new trial must be made absolute, but
they thought that the ultimate termination of
the case would be the entering of a stet processus, and it
was evident 2 that both parties were very poor, and
had no right to be negotiating bills of exchange for so
large an amount.

BAIL COURT—(THIS DAY.)
CRIMINAL. INFORMATION AGAINST THE NORTHERN STAR.
THE QUEEN v. F. O'CONNOR AND ANOTHER.
It will be in the recollection of our readers that on the
last day but one of last term the Attorney-General ob-
tained a rule nisi in this Court for a criminal information
against George White and Feargus O'Connor, for the
publication of a letter in the Northern Star, reflect-
ing on the character of the Reverend R. Anstie,
one of the masters of Rugby school, and imputing
to him conduct of the most grossly immoral description,
in regard to a woman named Fearon, and also charging
him with haring pursued a course of unrelenting perse-
cution towards John Fearon, the husband of Ann Fearon.
On that occasion the Rev. applicant had made an affi-
davit distinctly denying all the charges alleged against
him, and the Court had granted the rule. Since
then it had been discovered that the affidavits were
irregular, inasmuch as they had been sworn before the
attorney for the applicant. The affidavits had since been
re-sworn, and

The ATTORNEY-GENERAL now renewed the application.
Mr. JUSTICE WILLIAMS took time to consider whether
he could, consistently with the rules of practice, allow an
application of this nature to be renewed.
IN THE MATTER OF BERNARD CAVANAGH, A PRISONER
IN READING GAOL—HABEAS CORPUS.
Mr. JAMES applied for a writ of Habeas Corpus, di-
rected to the Governor of Reading gaol, directing him
to bring up the body of Bernard Cavanagh, a prisoner
in his custody. He made this application on the ground
that the warrant under which Cavanagh had been com-
mitted to Reading gaol was illegal. Cavanagh had
been committed by the Mayor of Reading as a rogue and
vagabond, and sentenced to three months' imprisonment
with hard lahour. It appeared that Cavanagh had gone
down to Reading as a sort of• physiological curiosity,
having acquired some celebrity as the fasting man, but
he had never levied any contributions within the mean-
ing of the Act of Parliament, under the provisions of
which he had been committed, which was the Act of
5 George IV., commonly called the Vagrant Act. The
offence set forth in the committal was, that he, Ber-
nard Cavanagh, had gone about and endeavoured
to procure charitable contributions under a false
pretence that he could abstain from food for five years
and three months. Now, his Lordship would see that the
commitment was bad upon the face of it. Cavanagh
had not attempted to collect alms or charitable contri-
butions by any false pretence within the meaning of the
Act. The fact of his having represented that he could
do without food for five years, would rather militate
against his collecting alms or charitable contributions.
he therefore submitted, first, that Cavannagh had com-
mitted no offence within the meaning of the Act ; and,
nest, that if he had committed any, it was not properly
set forth in the Commitment. It was not pretended
that Cavanagh had sought to lery charitable contribu-
tions by stating that he had abstained from food for five
years and three months, but that he had stated he could
abstain from food for five years and three months, in
future, thus rendering it impossible to set forth a dis-
tinct averment that the pretence was false and fraudulent.
Now, in commitments of this nature, much greater pre-
cision was required than in commitments for safe cus-
tody, because it was the only notice the prisoner had
of the charge against him. It was necessary that the
false pretence should be stated with the same precision
as in an indictment, and in an indictment it was always
necessary to introduce an averment distinctly negativing
the false pretence. Lord Tonterden had drawn the dis-
tinction between commitments of this nature and com-
mitments for safe custody in the case of the King v.
Gourley, and in the case of the King v. Porrott, it was
distinctly laid down that an indictment charging a person
with obtaining money under false pretence was bad,
if it did not set out the false pretence, and distinctly
negative it. Now; in the present case the false pretence
was set forth in such a manner that it was impossible
to negative it. He therefore submitted that the com-
mitment was bad upon the face of it.
Mr. Justice WILLIAMS would look over the commit-
ment, and consider it.

His Lordship afterwards sat at Nisi Prius, and dis-
posed of several undefended causes.

COMMON PLEAS.—(THIS DAY.)
The Court was occupied the whole morning with
motions, which presented nothing of general interest.

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 12, 1842

AMERICAN NEWS
(EXPRESS FROM LIVERPOOL.)
LIVERPOOL, TUESDAY NIGHT.
The New York, Captain Cropper, was an-
nounced, by a telegraphic communication, to be
off Great Ormshead yesterday morning, but in
consequence of adverse winds she did not arrive
at Liverpool until a short time previous to noon,
this day. She left New York on the evening of
the 22d ult., arid has had a good passage of
twenty days. By her we have received Journals
from that city of the 22d ult., but they
contain little intelligence of interest to most
readers on this side of the Atlantic,
being filled principally with reports of the
Secretary of the Navy, the Postmaster-General,
and other officers connected with the Go-
vernment.

From the proceedings in the Senate, the Whig
Senators would appear to be favourable to the
President's fiscal plan. It is, however, generally
supposed that the plan, when brought forward
by the Secretary, will not contain the clause au-
thorising the dealing in Exchequer bills. The
opponents of the bankrupt law had made their
first movement this Session, and the tariff ques-
tion had, in 50111 C degree, been diseussed.
The Morning Courier and .Enquirer has a long
article in favour of the annexation of Texas to
the United States. The news from that country
is to the Bth ultimo.
The revenue of the past year, received and ex-
pected, is estimated at 1,195,269 d01.83c. in Texas
notes, or 16(3,C60 dollars in par funds. Should
the present system of retrenchment proposed be
adopted, the annual expenditures,of the Govern-
ment will be reduced to one lfundred thousand
dollars, which will give an excess of the income
over the expenditure. Besides an increase ii► the
revenue of about 40,000 dollars is expected for

the current year.
The opinion of the Court on the presentment
of the Grand Jury against several parties for
embezzling sums of money, and other offences
connected with the United States Bank, was de-
ferred until the 24th of December.
The w hole of the eastern coast was visited by
a dreadful gale from the N.E. on Thursday night.
Several vessels were ashore or sunk, and some
were injured even in New York harbour.
The Report of the Secretary of the Navy is un-
usually long, but judiciously written. As all the
chief points are local in their character, it will
not be necessary fbr us to trouble our readers even
with a synopsis. The principal topic touched upon
that presents interest to the British reader, is the
recommendation that the U. S. naval force on
the coast of Africa should be increased, " to pro-
tect our commerce and suppress the slave trade."
The whole navy consists of—.
Ships of the line (one 120 guns, ten 74) ll
Frigates, Ist class (one 54 guns, fourteen 44) 15
Ditto, 2d class (36 guns each)
Sloops of war (eleven 20 guns, two 18, five 16) 18
Brigs and Schooners (10 guns each)
Steamers

Store ships
Receiving vessels
Small Schooners

T0ta1.................... 65
As a principal feature of the Report, we would
remark that the navy is recommended to. Con-
gress for increase, and several reforms and re-
organisations are urged. The Secretary thinks
that the United States ." ought not to pause in
the policy of increasing the navy, until it shall
equal at least one half that of Great Britain."
Steamers are strongly recommended ; and, as
the Secretary complains of the difficulty of en-
listing seamen, it may lie fairly inferred that an
increase of wages is desired. The Report ap-
pears to give general satisfaction to the people.
The;" right of search" continued an exciting
topic amongst the New York journalists, and fur-
ther bitterness was added to that subject of dis-
pute between the two countries, by the receipt
of intelligence (already received in England)
that an American vessel, proceeding from one
port in the Union to another with slaves, bad
been seized and carried by them into Nassau,
where they were allowed to land, although it
was protested against by the Consul. Her owners
were crying out loudly for compensation, as a
matter of course.

The Patent-office, at Washington, had been
entered by thlse keys, and three valuable articles,
to the amount of 12,000 dols. stolen. The articles
were, the snuff-box presented by the Emperor
Alexander of Russia to Mr. Harris, the Charge
d'Affaires, valued at 6,000 dols.; a pearl necklace,
presented by the Itnaum of Muscat to the late
President, Mr. Van Buren, valued at 3,600 dols.;
and a gold scabbard, presented by the Viceroy of
Peru to Mr. Biddle, and valued at 2,600 dols. A
reward of 1,000 dols. is offered by the Commis-
sioner of Patents for the recovery of the articles.
The theft was one of the boldest kind which can
be imagined. The time of its occurrence is
known within ten minutes, the person having
charge of the room containing the articles visit-
ing it within that time.

The accounts from Canada report further
aggressions on the part of the citizens of the
United States (if such a lawless set of beings de-
serve the protection of that name), and the
Montreal Conrier advises retaliation in the fol-
lowing words :

We shall now give our views of what the retaliation
must be. Experience has shown our. Government can do
nothing, and that the neighbouring State Governments
will do nothing. The British Government cannot make
war against the United States for barn-burning, bur-
glary, and assassination. The retaliation must then be
private and secret. As the frontier inhabitants of the ad-
joining States will sympathise with these ruffians, ill
harbour them, will afford them sanctuary,' the'riontier
Canadians must make them pay the penalty. Their own
blazing barns mast be a shining light to them.
The only-(.:.lance for peace is to retaliate by burning
two barns in the States for every one that is burned in
Canada, and the "respectable ' inhabitants across the
border, as they choose to call themselves, will very
speedily stop the sport, as they did in 1838, when the
same advice we now give was acted upon. It would not
be difficult to muster a band of the Doric Club in this
city to burn Champlain and Plattsburg, zhould the atro:
cities we now have occasion to notice. be continued. We
speak not rashly, for we know the feeling which exists
m this subject, so the " respectable " Anacrians had
better take the hint in time.
Three barns have been burned in Canada, near
.tbelines at Odeltown, but the incendiaries are
not known. Mr. Power, of Colsi3rB-, Upper
Canada, was blown to pieces a feiv days since by
the premature explosion of a rock-blast. •
By the advice 3 from Central America we learn
that a dreadful earthquake had taken place in
the province of Cartago. The ravages in
San Jose were of a heart-rending nature,
A very large number of lives were destroyed by
this awful visitation,'ao property to a great ex-
tent had fallen a prey to it. Some further par-
ticulars are also afforded of the unpleasant affair
between the English Governor of Belize and the
Administrator of the port of San Juan. -
Fro
the newsul Mexico
we learn (although
.by some
parties was deemed doubtful) that the
l a
heldexpedition
prisoners had been captured
entire, '
and Santa
were by
y
the gexicans.
Nothing of importance has been brought from
e i F e
Florida by this arrival. The war with the
Indians was still waged with unabated perseve-
rance.

Cotton bad undergone some reduction in the
New York market, but the decline had been at-
tended with a better demand. Flour on the
codtrary, although lower, was extremely difficult
to dispose of. Rice of Prime quality was in
request, whilst inferior sorts were neglected.
Tobacco met a very dull inquiry.
The Stock Market was at, tvith a tendency
to recede still further.
The rate of exchange on England, previous to
the packet sailing was 8i to
.91. Money was
scarce, and 1 to 1 i per cent, was paid for un-
doubted paper.
CENTRAL AMERICA.
We have received files of San. Salvador and
Guatimala papers, which contain further parti-
culars.of the frightful earthquake, which a few
days since we announced had caused such fear-
ful • destruction in the province of Cartago. We
translate these below.

(From the Correa Seininario del Salvador).
FRIGHTFUL INTELLIGENCE FROM
COSTA RICA.
(Copy of a letter fiorn the City pf He-:eda).
The earthquake was so sudden, tha*,, fhose per-

sons who escaped, had hardly time to get out of
their houses before the failing of the walls.
In a second, the Department of Cartago has
become a total ruin. The destruction is so great
that the site of any particular edifice is hardly to
be distinguishedamong the ruins. In the city, the
houses, even to the stone-work, were thrown up-
wards-by the shock, and fell down again in heaps
of rubbish.
It is painful to dwell upon this event. The
loss, of life, is very great among all classes—all
ages; the number is not even to be estimated at
the present moment.
The inhabitants of those villages in the Depart-
ment which have suffered the least, have assem-
bled, by order of the Government, with spades
and picks to disinter the bodies. They are now
hard at work, and will continue digging while
necessary. People perished in the streets, in the
plazas, and in the churches. All our provisions
are beneath the ruins, and we are suffering a
horrible state of Nvant, which is likely to con-
tinue, for the fences having been • thrown
down, the cattle are destroying all they can
reach. In Turidaba, Tros-rios, Carterio, Pa-
raiso, Ujames, and even to the vicinity of
Matina., there is not left a single shed ;
and in every one of the valleys, and on the
haciendas, we find proportionate • destruction.
From San Jose to this place, and to Alajuela,
the ruin is considerable. In San Jose, a -number
of edifices were thrown down, and those houses
that 'are standing are uninhabitable. We are
hardly better off in this city, and Alajuela has
fared worse than we have. Tranquilino Bonilla
and his family are among those taken from the I
ruins. They are alive, but bruised and crippled.
The number of sufferers is Very great. Bodies
are disinterred that cannot be recognised—
shapeless masses and headless trunks; every-
thifig in horrible confusion. Up to the present i
moment, there has been no eruption from the
neig!ibouring volcano; the shocks continue With- i
out cessation, and no one can tell how it will end.
The great shock took place at six o'clock on
the morning of the 2d of September.
PROCLAMATION OF B. CARILLO, CHIEF OF THE

STATE OF COSTA-RICA.
Inhabitants cf Costa - Rica ! At half-past
six this morning, a terrific earthquake totally
ruined the Department of Cartago, and caused
most terrible ravages in San Jose, leaving com-
paratively uninjured the other departments of
the State. The latter, particularly, are under
obligations to succour their unfortunate fellow-
citizens of the former, who have suffered to such
a degree, that there is hardly a straw shed left to
shelter them from the rigour of the season. The
city of San Jose, which has suffered also in the
common disaster, will lend all the aid in her
power to those of the unfortunates who may
come to take refuge with her; and on the part
of the Government all the assistance it can give
will be afforded.

People of Costa-Rica !—You are all of one
family. The misfortunes which are suffered by
any portion should be, and in fact arc, felt in
common. Hospitality has always been a distin-
guishing feature among you ; but now, mote than
ever, must you manifest to the world that you
truly possess that virtue. Be generous, and ex-
tend a protecting hand to the afflicted. Hasten
to aid them—build up sheds to protect their fa-
milies from the weather—carry them provisions,
and feed their helpless children, who weep for the
loss of their parents—take them to your houses,
and give ear to those who ask your charity. It
is a duty, and you will fulfil it. You will thus
strengthen those bands of friendship which unite
the whole State in a single brotherhood.
San Jose, Sept. 2, 1841. B. CARILLO.

NEW YORK MONEY MARKET, Dim 21.
RATE OF SALES AT THE STOCK EXCHANGE
,55,000 Kentucky Sixes....
1,000 Illinois 6's, of '7O, .
3,000 Indiana Bonds ......
3,000 Ohio Sixes of '6O .
500 Corporation 6 per cent 96;
25 Shares Delaware and Hudson ...
25 Ditto Am. Ex. Bk
5 Ditto Bank of Commerce Scrip 9O!
•
225 Ditto Harlem 13
10 Ditto Auburn and Syracuse ... B4l
150 Ditto L Island R ...
25 Ditto Stoningten
10 Ditto Canton . 19
50 Ditto Farmers' Trust 5 30 ds. 28
25 Ditto Mohawk R. Co.
15 Ditto New Jersey 731
a 2,000 Indiana Sterling
3,000 Corporation 6 per cent. of '44

248

RAILWAY ACCIDENTS.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE 'SUN.
SIR—In consequence of the many sad acci-
dents that have occurred on the various railroads
in this country, I beg, through the means of
your widely-extended paper, to offer for the con-
sideration of their different Proprietors, whether
large bags stuffed with wool, cotton, or coarse
feathers, might not be applied with good effect,
to mitigate the fatal consequence of train colli-
sions, and other checks to which they may be
liable. Might not the bags, being placed before
the luggage train, prevent the tender and engine
being crushed, in case the engine meets with a
sudden impediment? and if placed behind the
train, in a great degree lessen the effect of the
-impetus, should a faster going train rum in upon
it? I mention these bags merely as great elastic
media; where they can be placed most eligibly to
accomplish the wished-for purpose, I leave to the
superior judgment of the various Proprietors.
The bags may be covered with canvas, and
painted to represent some sort of carriage, which
would preserve a uniform appearance.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
JOSEPH BULLEN, Admiral.
Bath, Jan. 11, 1842.

THE PHILIPSTOWN TRAGEDY.
The Dublin Pilot of Monday puts the follow-
ing interrogatories on this mysterious affair:—
" The Tory press, which obviously endeavours
to shield the delinquency—a very suspicious
circumstance--;admits that the deed, whoever
did it, was perpetrated on the 11th December,
and yet the same press admits the inquest, as it
calls it, was not held until the 19th—after an
eight days' interval. Did the jury view the body?
Was it kdpt, or was it taken up after eight days?
:Who was the Coroner? Was he the nearest and
moSt'actiVe? or was less intelligence and more
facility procured for the job from a distance?
These are all necessary inquiries, and teeming
with portent, briefly as we put them.. The Moni-
tor, which, from certain circumstancesiTpssesses
opporttMities of information on this affair, has
the following-passage, which, for the present, we
wive without comment:—

" But we shall speak plainly. We unhesitat-
ingly ask the Mail—was the celebrated Captain
Duff, recently discharged from prison in Eng-
land, where be was confined for a brutal assault
on the police—was he present?
" Was Lieutemmt Macartney, of the 9th Lan-
cers, present ?

‘. \c'its Lieutenant Nicholson, of the 9th Lan-
cers, present ?

"lint it is useless to go over all the names.
The list of the party now lies before us—we as-
serted that the party was principally composed
of English oiTicers—and we ask, the Mail does it
pretend to deny or in anywise question our
statement 1"

The watermen of Gravesend' hake been busy in
fishing for—vvhat would have been, if captured, a rich
haul---n box containing nearly 2001. in gold and silver,
which was lost from the Buckinghamslure East India-
man, off the Town Pier, on Monday night The money
was brought down from the house of Mesas. Manqles,
and Co., Broad-street, City, for the
_purpose of paying
the Lascars on board their advance of wages, the vessel
being destined for Bombay ; but .the chief, officer de•
clined to receive...it until the following morning, and it
was accordingly ordered to be returned on shore. The
man employed as tender by the house, it would seem,
was unaware of the value of its contents, for on receiv-ing the box he contented himself with throwing it to his
companion in the boat ; the latter missed his hold, and
suffered it to fall overboard in six fathoms water.
Search was instantly made ; but the night being dark,
and the tide running strong at the time, it was impossi-
ble to hit upon its precise " whereabouts," and up to
the present time no tidings have been heard of the lost
treasure.—Maidstone Journal.

NEST DONATION TO UNIVERSITY COLLEGE,
LoNpoN.-L-The anonymous benefactor of University Col-
lege, who, under the designation of " Patriot," has
already contributed so generously to the endowment fund
of that institution, has given notice to Lord Brougham,
by his bankers, Messrs. Grote, Prescott, and Co., that he
has placed at his Lordship's disposal, for the benefit of
the College, the further suns of 5001. The former bene-
factions of " Patriot" constitute a fund of 3,00 C/. Con-
ols, having been invested by the Council in pursuance of
a rule which they have prescribed to themselves, to leave
untouched the capital of all donations received by them,
unless otherwise directed by the donor. The dividends
of that fund are applied, by the advice of Lord Brougham,
to the procuring for the masters of unendowed schools
and ushers the advantage, at a• reduced fee, of courses of
lectures on Latin, Greek, Mathematics, and Natural Phi-
losophy, by the Professors of the College. These courses
have been nnw given for three years : many gentlemen
have availed themselves of them; and several have pro-
ceeded from them to examination at the University of
London, and taken degrees. On the occasion of the new
benefaction, the donor has made known his desire that
the sum of 500/. should be employed in the completion of
some unfinished part of the building.
It is said that in the town of Maidenhead,
United States, the girls have made an improvement in
ironing, which beats the steam-engine on common roads
all hollow ! They spread out all the clothes on a smooth
platform, and fasten hot flat-irons to their feet, and skate
over them. -This is-combining the recreative --with the
usefuland ornamental;