The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-21 00:00:00

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SUN OFFICE Three o'Cloeh.

The excellent speech delivered by Mr. Ser-
geant ADAMS, the Chairman of the Middlesex
Sessions, yesterday, does him great honour, and
will be read with delight by all who take a deep
interest in the intellectual improvement of the
lower classes. The Learned Gentleman, in view-
ing the question which gave rise to his remarks,
threw off the trammels which too generally re-
strain legal authorities from following the dic-
tates of justice and common sense, exposed the
absurdity of retaining on the statute-book ancient
laws made for a different race of men, and strongly
urged on our legislators the duty and the necessity
of providing fbr the large masses of the intellec-
tual inhabitants rational and moral edification
and amusement. We have often had occasion to
animadvert on the absurd laws made with the
ivowed purpose of preserving order and encou-
raging morality among the numerous classes
that frequent public houses, but. which in reality
have the contrary effect, which irritate the peo-
ple by needless restrictions, and by such dissimi-
lar enactments for different places, not only cre-
ate dissatisfaction, but turn these very laws into
contempt. What is good for London is good
for Leeds and Manchester. A change of locality
does not alter the great principles of religion and
morality. If it is a sin to remain in a public-
house on a Saturday night after twelve o'clock in
the metropolis, it must be a sin also at York and
Durham; and the " collective wisdom" incur
great blame by not extending the Sabbatarian
law over the whole country. The Home Secre-
tary said he saw no harm in a poor man eating a
crust of bread and cheese with a glass of ale on a
Sunday morning in Cumberland, while Mr. BEN-
JAMIN HAWES and others of the same school,
consider it a grievous offence in Middlesex, and
have accordingly enacted severe penalties against
those publicans and sinners who are guilty ofsuch
enormities. At Reigate, and other places within
a certain distance of London, a man cannot have
' music and dancing in his house without a license,
while in large towns beyond that limit, dancing
and singing are considered very harmless
amusements. Some of our wise legislators occa-
sionally advert to the laws and customs of other
countries in no very respectful terms, but if they
would look at home, and compare the anomalies,
and contradictions, and absurdities which per-
vade our code of laws, they would find little
cause for congratulation. Every man tries his
hand at law-making, official personages con-
sider the subject generally not worth their
notice, and the consequence is, that we have
a string of enactments as different from
one another- as light is from darkness. It
is high time that this preposterous system
should be stopped, that the people should be
governed as rational beings, and be induced to
obey the law—not from fear, but from a convic-
tion of its justice, consistency, and mercy.
Were our municipal laws adapted to the
age, we should hear of fewer convictions
at police offices, and not one instance in
ten that now occur of resistance to its authority.
The people are making rapid progress in moral
andintellectual improvement, and require other
restraints, and also other amusements, than
those fitted for a barbarous and enslaved
peasantry. - In confirmation of these facts
we have great pleasure in quoting the
words of Mr. Sergeant ADAMS I derived
much delight in having witnessed the vast multi-
tudes that flocked to the Musard Concerts at the
theatres. The crowds I saw there saw filled me
with wonder, but not more so than their excellent
conduct, the admirable results of educa-
tion. Let then (our legislators) now that they
had removed the blinkers from the eyes of man-
kind, take care that they were provided with
such food in the shape of entertainment and pro-
fitable amusements, that the day might never
arrive when that intended to be a blessing to the
people—namely, their education and enlighten-
ment—should lead to evil results."

The Hanoverian Gazette of the 14th contains
the formal consent of the KING to the marriage
of Prince GEORGE with the Princess of SATE
ALTENBURG, in conformity with the laws which
regulate the conditions under which the reigning
members of the BRUNSWICK-LUNEBURG family
may marry.

The Frankfort Journal of the 17th instant,
states that the authorities at Berlin had dis-
covered a secret association amongst the students
in the University of that city, which, although it
was not of a political character, was unautho-
rised, and consequently illegal. The Academical
Senate had condemned two members of the as-
sociation to expulsion, and the others were se-
verely reprimanded.

The Augsburg Gazette of the 15th inst. states
that on the 28th ult. the representatives of the
Five Powers had a conference at Constantinople,
.which lasted several hours, and at which the
affairs of Servia and Syria were discussed. The
change of Government in Servia having taken
place without the consent of any European
Power, and being merely the result of the enter-
prising spirit of IzzET PACHA, the five represen-
tatives resolved that they would defend Prince
MICHAEL'S rights before the Divan, and oppose
by all the means in their power Wicztcles
party. The Ambassadors were likewise agreed
as to the Syrian question, but their accord was
purely negative. It was even feared that should
it become necessary to adopt a definitive resolu-
tion a difference of opinion would arise amongst
them.

The intelligence from Madrid is to the 12th
instant, when an extraordinary Cabinet Council
was held under the Presidency of the REGENT.
The deliberations were long and animated, and
were said to have exclusively turned on financial
matters. M. CALATRAVA entered into a full
exposé of the situation of his department; and
completely satisfied his colleagues that, if his
endeavours to improve it and to raise supplies
had been unsuccessful, no blame should be im-
puted to his administration.

The Three-per Cents. were done at 201 for
cash, and 21 at 60 days and the Five per Cents.
at 26.1 4 for cash, and 27 at 60 days. The debt
bearing no interest sold for 5 21-32 at 60 days.

Most of the Paris journals of Wednesday eon-
.

tain articles on the great topics of the day—the
negotiations for a commercial treaty with Bel-
gium, and the reported attempt to revive the ne-
gotiations with England on the same subject; but
they contain no new information, nor any symp-
toms of a return to common sense. The National
cannot even allude to a commercial treaty
with England without betraying evident proofs
of insanity, as may be seen from a long article
against M. GUIZOT and the English, which con-
cludes in these words :—" Let the , Government
commence negotiations with Germany and Sar-
dinia; let it try to abolish the Custom-house
barriers between France and Belgium; nothing
can be better. But with England, we again re-
peat it, no! We have not forgotten what our

imprudent alliances with that felon Government
have at various periods cost us. In every instance
we have left behind something of either our
wealth or our power. We have had enough of
these fatal experiments, and we have no desire
to recommence them."

The Moniteur Parisien, on the other hand,
states that commercial negotiations were now
pending between Great Britain, Belgium, Sar-
dinia, and the German Customs' Union, and
France.

The Journal des Debuts devotes two columna

to the affairs of Canada, and with satisfaction
looks forward to the violent separation of that
colony from the mother country. "It is impos-
sible," says that Journal, " not to foresee that at
a future period not remote, a contest will take
place between Great Britain and her American
colonies, similar to that which terminated in the
emancipation of the provinces, now the United
States—a contest which has already commenced
in the Legislature, and which will no doubt ter-

urinate on the field of battle. This emancipa-
tion, now inevitable, will not be determined, we
believe, by any foreign influence. It will vege-
tate, increase, and explode of itself, by the mere
force of circumstances, like a fruit which ripens
slowly and is detached from the tree by the
slightest agitation. By a singular change of
fortune the men who at present compose the
Executive Council of Canada were almost all
proscribed in the year 1837 as rebels. M. LA-
FONTAINE, the acknowledged head of the French
party, and a notary, M. GIROUARD, who is now
member of the Executive Council, were pro-
claimed, and 500 British pounds sterling were
offered for their apprehension. For our part, we
are happy to see the French party at length take
that position in the Government which the jea-
lousy and fears of the English party had until
now refused them. We are not carried away by
any illusion. The interest which the destiny of
a population, issue of our common country, in-
spires, can only at present be an interest of re-
membrance; but we cannot see without sym-
pathy this energetic and persevering resistance
of the manners, language, and religion of our
ancient colonists to the absorbing action of their
new metropolitan."
The Moniteur contains a Royal ordonnance,
dated St. Cloud, Oct. 16, granting a supplemen-
tary credit of 350,000 f. (14,0001.) to the Minister
for Foreign Affairs to meet the outlay of extra-
ordinary missions and unforeseen expenses.
The Prince de JOINvILLE and the Duc d'Au-
MALE arrived at Brest on the 15th.
The King of the FRENCH on Monday last went
on horseback to inspect the detached fort at
Mont Valerien.
The Toulonnais of the 16th instant states, that
the expedition under General BUGEAUD, which
left the Maison Carree on the 30th ult.,
reached the Oued Soufflah on the. sth instant
without firing a shot. There some resist-
ance was offered, and Colonel LEBLOND,
of the 48th Regiment, with three other
officers, who accompanied him in a reconnais-
sance, were shot by a few Arabs, concealed be-
hind bushes. The exasperated French soldiers
immediately rushed in pursuit of the Arabs,
whom they soon overtook, and brought prisoners
to General BUGEAUD, by whom they were inter-
rogated. They told the latter that they had mis-
taken the Colonel for him, or otherwise they
should have spared his life. They confessed hav-
ing been selected to execute the coup de main,
because they were good marksmen, and they
only regretted having failed in their purpose.
Twelve of the wounded in that affair, and amongst
others a surgeon and forty men, unable from ill-
ness to follow the column, arrived at Algiers on
the 10th. The country around that city, was
tranquil, and the roads to Medeah and Milianah
perfectly secure.

We find the following account of the progres-
gressive increase of the steam navigation of the
Rhine, in the Moniteur

In 1816 was started the first steamboat on the
Rhine, running between Rotterdam and Cologne.
After a lapse of twenty-three years, there were 39 of
these conveyances between Basle and the sea, and this
number is annually increasing. The companies rival
each other in zeal and attention. The two Prusso-
Rhenish establishments, however, have made the most
rapid progress in. improvement. The Cologne
Company commenced on the Ist of May, 1827,
with one boat only, between Cologne and Mentz,
on the Bth of June following, it had two, and, in
1837, it possessed 9—viz., one of 118-horse power,
one of 85, two of 80, one of 75, three of 70, and one
of 50 horse-power. In the same year, this company
had three departures from and as many arrivals at
Cologne, and a regular communication with Stras-
bourg. In the following year, the number of boats
was increased to eleven ; in 1839, to fourteen ; in
1840, to fifteen ; and, in 1841, to twenty, passing be-
tween Cologne and Strasbourg. In 1838, the Co-
logne Company made an association with that running
boats between Basle and Strasbourg, which had two
of 30 horse-power each. Prom this period, the passage
between Basle and Cologne has been "made in forty
hours, twenty-nine of which only are spent on board
the boats. Shortly afterwards another. Company
launched two boats, which performed the same dis-
tance in much less time. The second Prusso•Rhe-
nish Company, which had been formed by capital-
ists of Mentz and Dusseldorf, commenced running, in
1838, with, five magnificent boats. Once a week one
of thise goes down to Rotterdam. In 1838, they
conveyed no more than 84,000 passengers, and 60,000
metrical quintals of merchandise ; ' which, in 1840,
increased to 152,000 passengers, and 90,000 quintals
of merchandise. This was nothing to what was
done by the Cologne Company; for, whereas, in
1827, its transports amounted to 18,000 passengers,
and 26,000 quintals of goods ; in 1833 it had
100,000 passengers, and 106,000 quintals on freight ;
and, in 1840, the number of passengers exceeded
460,000, and the goods on freight 130,000 quintals ;
and, in 1841, these figures increased to 680,000 pas-
sengers, and3oo,ooo quintals. The Company which has
just been formed at Basle, and which has made a con-
nection with the Mentz and Dusseldorf Company, will
give a fresh impulse to steam navigation on the Upper
Rhine. The Netherlands Company (Maatschappy),
established at Rotterdam, has traversed between that
city and Cologne ever since 1837, with eleven boats
of from 50 to 120-horse power. They run daily ;
but one boat a week is exclusively employed in con-
veying merchandise. The navigation of the Rhine is
carried on to London by boats from Rotterdam, and
they make this passage with such regularity and ra-
pidity, that they insure a great number of passengers,
and large quantities of merchandise on freight.
BOURSE—PARIS, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 19.
First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French Five per Cents. 118 95... 118 90... 118 80... 118 80
3 per Cents 80 10... 80 10... 79 95... 79 95
Bank of France 3280 —.3280 ...3280 .. 3280
Laffitto Bank 5,000 f 5070 ...5070 ...5070 ...5070
Belgian Bank
Belgian Fives 1840 lo4i ... 104/. ... 1041 ... 1041
Dutch 2; per Cents 531 ... b3l ... 531 ... 531
Spanish Active 2l/ ... 211 ... 211 ... 211
Passive
Portuguese Fives 32 32 ... 311. ... 32
Neapolitan . lOB 30... 108 40... 108 39... 108 30
Roman
RAILWAY SHARES.

St. Germain 847 50... 847 50... 847 50... 847 50
Versailles, R.B ... 258 75... 258 75... 258 75... 258 75
LB 9B 75... 98 75... 98 75... 98 74
Rouen
Orleans. 587 50... 588 75... 587 50... 5811 75
Strasburg to Bale 207 50... 208 75... 207 50... 208 75

BELGIAN FUNDS.—BatissaLs, Ocr. 18.
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent, 5?
Rothschild's Loan, Five per Cent ltex,
Loan of Thirty Millions, Four per Cent ...
Three per Cent. .... ......
--Thirty-seven Millions, ditto 71%
............
Loan of City, lii32, Four per Cent 92
Society of Commerce, Four and a Half per Cent B6
Bank of Belgium, Five per Cent
. ••• 78%
National Society . ...
Exchargo on London (short)
—Brussels Papers, Oct. 18.
Ati s IRI A N kUN DS..—VIENNA, OCT. 10
Five per Cents. Metalliques
Four per Cents.
loos
Three per Cents
Bank Shares .• ............... .......—.......... ..... MN
illlgemeine Zeilung, Oct. 14.

TUB HEALTH OF HER MAJESTY.—We have very.
high authority for announcing the important and
highly gratifying fact that our Most Gracious Sove-
reign is in that delicate and interesting situation, the
intimation of which cannot fail to be received with
the most heartfelt interest by every loyal subject in
the dominions of her Majesty. Sir James Clark, one
of the physicians in 'ordinary to the Queen, has paid
frequent visits to her Majesty, of late, at Windsor
Castle. Her Majesty has not taken any equestrian
exercise for some time past.—Herald.
Sir C. Nugent has passed a good night, and is more
comfortable this morning.

SHAMEiTL HOAX.—A somewhat lengthy para-
graph having appeared in a Morning Paper, giving an
account of a murder alleged to have been committed
at Edgeware, willing to give publicity to any facts
which might transpire, we made inquiries at the coach
offices where the Edgeware coaches stop, but not being
able to ascertain whether such an occurrence took
place, we proceeded to the S division of police, in
whose district Edgeware is situated, where we dis-
covered our worthy Contemporary had been most
cruelly hoaxed. In Paddington there were several of
those fellows calling " a most horrible murder," from
which the paragragh in question may have originated.
We are sorry to say, that, the trade at Mansfield,
and the neighbourhood still continues in a most de-
plorable state. Hundreds of the poor framework-
knitters are in a most destitute condition. Every week
goods distrnined fir rent are exhibited in the market-
place for sale. The bailiffs, we grieve to say, have
now a rich harVest.—Nottingham Review.