The Sun.
London, England, 1829-10-09 00:00:00

LONDON, FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 9, 1.82-9.

NEW YORK, SEPT. 16.

COTTON.—The market has been very quiet. The
sales from the 12th to the 15th amount to only
about 500 bales, consisting of 350 Uplands at 81
to lOC, and 15 New Orleans at 12 to 124 cents.;
fine qualities suitable for home manufacture are
scarce, and prices fully maintained. Ocher descrip-
tions remain without change. Advices from Havre
to Aug. I, received yesterday per Charles Carroll.
Freight to Liverpool
Continent
Exchange on London, 60 days 94i per cent pm.
on Amsterdam 404 a 40 cents. per guil.
PRICES OF STOCKS. Offered. Asked.
United States Sixes, . .... 1815 lOl% 1024
Ditto
Ditto ... Four and a Half 1829 97 99
Canal Sixes llO%
Banks.—United States 1231, 123%
Manhattan 117%
• Merchants
Mechanics
Union
America B7yj 89

100

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.

MANSION-HOUSE.

Yesterday Alderman Scholey came to the Justice-
room, for the purpose, we believe, of noticing a
statement made by Mr. Taylor, the Common Coun-
cilman, before the LORD MAYOR on the preceding
day, on the subject of the removal of exceptionable
characters, by the officers appointed under the new
Police Act, from the county of Middlesex. He
little thought, he said, that his conduct on the oc-
casion alluded to would have constituted matter of
censure to the Worthy Common Councilman, who,
if he mistook. not, was usually distinguished by the
title of the " Radical Orator ;" and he thought it
necessary to justify to the public his conduct at the
Justice-room at Guildhall. Upon that occasion four-
teen females were brought before him on one charge
by an officer, and he expresSed some surprise at so
unusual a circumstance. The answer he received to
his question as to the nature of the accusation
against them was, that the Common Council of the
ward had directed the officers to take up all prosti-
tutes who should be found within h, and appear
against them before the sitting magistrate. He
asked sevcral times whether they had separately or
conjointly committed any act of disorder. To this
a distinct negative was given. No act of disorder
could be attributed to any of them. He begged to
know, under such circumstances, what other course
he could pursue than that of discharging them one
and all, which he accordingly did. He considered
it quite a sufficient calamity for poor females to be
obliged to resort to such a mode of getting bread,
without being thrust into prison because they were
to be seen in the streets. If any act of misconduct
had been proved, he would have shown that he was
not insensible to his duty as a magistrate, but the
females who had been brought before him had as
good a right to appear in the streets as he had him-
self, provided they conducted themselves with pro-
priety.
The LORD M.svon. observed, that if the police
were to• take up females under the circumstances
described, there might arise a great deal of confusion
and dissatisfaction amongst the public. The Act of
Parliament gave no such authority, and the Alderman
had, without doubt, acted with due discrimination in
deciding as he had.

Mr. Hobler produced the Act, which certainly arms
the officer or magistrate with no such awhority as
that of taking up and committing females who are
not guilty of disorderly conduct. He stated that if
officers were to seize hold of women because they
believed them to be prostitutes, many husbands
would be under the necessity of looking into the
watch-houses for their wires. Alderman Scholey
could not have acted otherwise than he had.

Alderman SCHOLEY—I was most particular in
asking the officer whether there was any one of the
defendants against whom a charge of disorder could
be sustained, and I was told that no act of disorder
had been committed. I entertain respect for the
common council of the ward, but it certainly was
not candid in one of the members to make such an
accusation against me.
The LORD MAYOR said he had advised Mr. Taylor,
if he objected to the existing plan of driving excep-
tionable characters into the city, to make the state-
ment of the particulars on paper, and transmit it
through him to Mr. Peel.

It was mentioned that Alderman Wait!man, who
presides over the ward of Farringdon-without, would
have been the most proper person for the common
council to apply to upon finding that the new police
were complimenting the city with therefuse of society.

that she was sitting in the shop that morning, when
the prisoner came in and asked the price of the pair
of boots hanging up near the door. Witness told
him, and the prisoner took the boots, and putting
them under his arm, walked away without saying
any thing. Witness called to a person in the par-
lour to mind the shop, and she then ran out in pur-
suit of the prisoner, whom she saw running away.
She called out " Stop thief!" and the prisoner was
stopped and taken into custody by a young man who
was passing, and who. gave him in custody to Dea-
con, the watch-house-keeper of Kentish-town. The
boots were picked up by a person named Joseph
Ilatsby, who was in her husband's service.

Sir R. BIRNIC desired Batsby to step forward,

order to receive his evidence with respect to the
finding of the boots.
The clerk tendered him the book for that purpose
and proposed the oath in the usual form ; but the
witness pushing the book gently from him, declined
to be sworn.
Sir It. BIRNIE—Why do you refuse to have the
oath administered to you ? Batsby—l am willing
to speak the truth ; but I would not take an oath
for any consideration.
Sir R. BIRNIE—What are your objections may I

ask ? Are you of any particular religion ? Batsby-
I am no religion at all; but I am a Christian.
Sir R. BIRNUWSiiiti it was somewhat extraordinary
to hear a man declare he was of no religion, and yet
avow himself a Christian. Batsby—l have observed
so much deception, hypocrisy, and abominable cant
in persons professing particular creeds, that I am
disgusted with them all.
The witness was here running on in a vehement
strain of abuse, when
Mr. MitisnuLt. told him that such language was
not becoming in a public office, and in the presence
of magistrates.

Sir-R. BIRNIE—As far as the matter regards
yourself, young man, you are of course the best
judge, but you should recollect, as a member of the
Christian faith, that you are bound to render society
all the service that you can. Here is a case of
felony which may ultimately fall to the ground be-
cause of your scruples. Batsby—l cannot help
that, but not all the power of man should induce me
to commit an act which is repulsive to my conscience.
Sir R. BIRNIE—You came here to serve this
lady, and yet you refuse your evidence, by which
this man may be punished for having robbed her.
Batsby—She is the wife of my employer I know,
and I am 'ready to perform all his reasonable de-
mands ; but I will not serve him by doing that
which I know to be wrong.

Sir R. BIRNIE—If • all people were of your
opinion, my friend, I am afraid the laws would be
very badly administered. Batsby—Not at all.
Matters would go on much better, and society
would be purer if the odious custom of administering
oaths were abolished. As for myself, I declare most
solemly that I would sooner suffer to be hung and
gibbetted than tell a lie.
Sir R. ButNlE—But you forget, my friend, that
the law of the land sanctions the administration of
an oath, and as good Christians and good subjects
we are bound to obey the law.
The witness, with something of enthusiasm in his
look and action, replied, that the law of God was
superior to the law of man. He knew that it was
his duty to obey the latter, but not at the sacrifice
of his conscience.

Sir R. BIRNIE then said that he would not press
the witness uny further, and directed the unstable
to bring forward some other person who could give
evidence as to the finding of the boots. Perhaps
Mr. Batsby would not consider it hurtful to his
conscience to render what assistance he could with-
out bring sworn. Batsby replied that he would
render every assistance in his power.
The prisoner was remanded for want of evidence.

PRICE 7D

HISTORY OF THE IURKS.

On Monday evening Dr. Mitchell gave a lec-
ture, or discourse, at the City of London Lite-
rary and Scientific Institution, on the history of
Turkey, particularly on the military and financial
institutions of that empire.
The Turks were originally a horde of Tartars,
from beyond the Caspian Sea. The idea of
their origin is not forgotten, and the Sultan still
dates all his decrees from " his imperial stirrup."
He was still, by the intendment of the common
law of Turkey, the Tartar Chief, doing busi-
ness on horseback, though residing in his Se-
raglio. They migrated iato Armenia, embraced
the Mahometan faith, and soon after were called
in by the Caliph of Bagdad to suppress a re-
bellion of his subjects. Having done this, they
naturally enough subverted the power of the
Caliph, and kept his dominions for themselves.
They subdivided into various principalities, and
suffered severely from the armies of the Crusaders ;
but having survived these perils, they re-united
into one sovereignty under Othman, or Otman,
from whom their empire has been called Otto-
man. He conquered the provinces of Asia to
the east of Constantinople. Amurat 11., who
reigned from 1362 to 1390, conquered many of
the European provinces of the Greek branch of
the Roman empire, and fixed his capital at Adri-
anople. Mahomet 11., in 1653, took Constan-
tinople, which has since been the capital;
For 200 years after the Turkish empire gra-
dually increased; but at last their armies lost the
superiority which they had hitherto held over
the Christian troops, and in 1699 the Turks,
after being beaten by Prince Eugene, consented
to an ignominious peace, and ceded Transylvania
to the Emperor of Germany. In every subse-
quent war, for the 139 years which have since
elapsed, their armies have suffered defeat, and
peace has always been purchased at the expense
of territory.

The successful progress of the Turkish arms
for several centuries, and their uniform disgrace
ever since, has depended on the celebrated mili-
tary establishment called the Janissaries, an out
Line of the history of which body of men the
lecturer then gave.

The Janissaries were instituted by Amurat
11., who reigned from 1362 to 1390. He se-
, lected the fifth child between 15 and full growth
of all the Christians of the empire ; removed the
youths from their relations to other provinces ;
employed them for some time in agricultural
labours, and caused them to be taught the use
of the sabre and the Mahometan faith. Their
minds were rendered ferocious by being employed
to slaughter criminals and prisoner's of war.
They were then formed into regiments, and be-
came a • regular standing army. Their religion
caught them to expect Paradise as the reward of
their military achievements_and such a Para-
dise as was adapted to their sensual tastes ; and
victory and the plunder of infidel towns gave
them of this world an anticipation of the de.
lights to come. Care was taken to keep up their
numbers by young men of vigorous bodies and
courageous minds. With such troops, who had
no other trade but war, the Turkish Sultans
were enabled to triumph over the brave but un-
disciplined feudal levies of the west of Europe.
But such a ferocious body of soldiery would
require vigorous and warlike sovereigns to re-
strain them ; and when the Sultans became
effiminate amidst the pleasures of their palaces
at Constantinople, and ceased to lead their armies
to battle, the Janissaries became insubordinate,
and most of the Sultans have terminated their
reign by being deposed and put to death. The
last who suffered was Selim 111., in 1809.
The Janissaries having acquired the whole
power of the state, quickly broke through those
regulations which had rendered them efficient as
a military body. They obtained permission to
marry ; then of havhig their sons admitted into
the corps ; and being established in Constanti-
nople and other great towns for years together,
in time of peace took to various trades and oc-
cupations, and neglected their military exercises.
They next admitted the tradesmen of those towns
amongst them ; and thus at last they became
scarcely superior to so many volunteer regiments.
and were both unwilling and unfit for carrying on
lono,continued wars.

But whilst the Janissaries were deteriorating,
the Christian armies were making improvements
in the military art. Their soldiers devoted them-
sell-es exclusively to their profession. The im-
provements in the muskets, and time invention of

the bayonet, (had altered the whole military sys.
tem. The use of artillery, and the scientific
movements of armies, rendered war no longer
an exertion of bodily strength and of individual
bravery, but an operation, the guidance of Mlle.',
called forth the highest powers of the ino,vc
tivated understanding. But all knowletige (*this
kind the Janissaries spurned; heuce, in the war
which broke out with ittissia in 1709, their ar-
mies were uniformly defeated in pitched battles.
In vain were they stimulated by the fetva of the
Mufti, and the promises of Paradise, as well as
by doses of opium on going into battle : the
troops, by the deadly bullet;, of the unbelievers,
were made to (144 of the " sherbet of Martyr,
dots} until they could no longer endure the
draught," and peace was purchased by the loss
of provinces. The same was the case in 1770,
and even in 1811. t the very time when &IQ-
napartp was urging his way forward to Moscow,
so dispirited were the Turks by defeat, that at
that period, so favourable fvr prosecuting the war,
the present Sultan, Mahmoud,consentesito make
and to buy it at the elqlense of Bessa-
rabia and part of Moldatia.. The late Emperor
Selim was convinced of the inferiority of the
Turkish troops to the troops of the Christian
Powers, and attempted to introduce an improved
discipline, which ultimately cost him his life.
S.elim," said the lecturer, set about a re-
formation, but found it to bo beyond his power
to effect it. Tue Turks had never enjoyed the
blessings of knowledge, ;And were not to he
guided by it. Printing was an art unknown in
Turkey ; such a thing as a newspaper had never
been seen in the whole extent of their domi-
nions. It was iu vain io attempt to reason wilt
men who possessed in their minds no materials
for thinking. lurtliez-,
every prejudice of their
souls was excited to madness to think that any
attempt should be made to
comp el them to study
the arts of
the back. With the sabre of the

Jinissary they said the empire had- been ga;sed,
4.nd with the same sabre it waa to he preserved.
" However absurd this reasoning may appear,
it prevailed with the Turks, and every attempt
at change met with the most furious opposition.
Let those men whose principles lead them to -
fear the effects of the freedom of the press, of:
political discussion, and of the education of the
people, contemplate the condition of Turkey..
There they have a state of things exactly 'such-
as they would desire. Here is their beau
the idol of their delight. But mark the result.
The most useful improvements, the measures ab-
solutely necessary for the preservation of the -
empire, were resisted with fury by the prejudices
of the ignorant multitude; and no mode of ob-
viating these prejudices was in the power of the
Government to use. From this example we
may see then, that reason is a touch safer instru-
ment of Government than superstition and igno
rance."—(Applause.)
The present Emperor succeeded in putting
down the Janissaries, and had begun to intro--
duce European discipline, but the present war
broke out before he had time to make any-
-
progress.
_

Even if the fanaticism of the people "were not
opposed to all imitation of the arts of the Chris_.
tians, although there might be great improvements.
made in the discipline of regiments, it may be
doubted if it be possible for such a country as.
Turkey, in a hundred years, to improve the
education of the people to such a degree, as to
produce a sufficient number of scientific officeri
to conduct the operations on a large scale against
European armies.

Vie lecturer proceeded to explain some of
suchh
the
thessy ste
m o capitationfle vynagx ,
cionnitdri
bbi
the peculiar features of the Turkish system of
by the
on villages, whatever might be the population
;.
finance;
Christians
and the consequent desertion and depopulation-
of the country ; the sale of offices ; the inheri-
tance of all the property of Pachas and other
public servants ; the confiscation of the Pachas
by the Sultan, and exactions from the subjects,
and the deterioration of the corn. From what
was stated, it would appear the system of finance
in Turkey was as much defective as their system,
of war ; and from the nature of the Turkish in-
stitutions, he concluded the domination of this
barbarous horde over some of the fairest portions
of the globe was now, happily for the progress
of civilization, drawn to a close.

SECOND EDITION.
SUN OFFICE, Seven o'clock.

THE LONDON GAZETTE

Or THIS EVENING.

His Royal Highness the Duke of Sus•ex has been pleased
to appoint the Rev. William Frederick Powell, B.A. of
St. Peter's Co"ege, CambrPge, one his Royal Highness's
Domestic Chaplains.

Commis,ions signed by the Lord Lieutenant of the county

of Somerset.
Ist Somerset Regiment of Militia.—C. T. Chivers,
Gent. to he Lieutenant. Dated July 7.

North Somerset Regiment of Yeomanry Cavalry.
J. M. Paget, Esq., to be Major. Oct. 2.
Commission in the Sherwood Rangers, signed by the Lord
Lieutenant of the County of Nottingham.

J. P. I...icy, Gent, to be surgeon, •ice T. Brook, re-
signed. Sept. 25.