The Sun.
London, England, 1827-01-03 00:00:00

THE DUKE OF YORK.

We have again the paiAful task of reporting, that his Royal
Highness the Duke of York has passed another day in the same
afflicting state, without experiencing any favourable change.
His Royal Highness was more tranquil on Monday evening
than during the day. The Royal Duke partook of some refresh-
ment, consisting of strengthening liquids, in the course of the
evening. Sir Henry Halford left at half•past ten o'clock for the
night. Mr. Macgregor, the surgeon, and Mr. Brodie, the apo-
thecary, sat up by turns with his Royal Highness during the
night ; two of the Royal Duke's domestics were also in attend-
ance during the whole of the night.
His Royal Highness passed as favourable a night as, from his
present critical state, could be expected, frequently dosing, but
at some periods very restless.
Sir Henry Halford was in attendance at an early hour yesterday
morning, and reported that he found his Royal 'Highness in the
same state as on the preceding day.
The answer given yesterday morning to the numerous inqui-
ries was, " his Royal Highness has passed a quiet night, but is
no better."

Sir Astley Cooper and Sir Henry Halford arri‘-ed at tlse Duke
of Rutland's about half-past eleven, and continued in deliberation
till near one o'clock. The account given at one was, that " his
Royal Highness experienced less pain than yesterday, but is not
better.".

—Tire Duke of Sussex and the Princess Sophia arrived from
their• apartments in the King's Palace, at Kensington, soon after
two o'clock; the Duke of Clarence also arrived soon afterwards in
the Duchess of Kent's carriage, having come from his seat at
Bushy Park. The Duke of York stated to his Royal Relatives,
that he felt less pain than he had done for the last two or three
days. The Royal Family parted from their afflicted brother after
a long interview.
The Duchess of Kent, thevtincess Augusta, and the rest of
the Royal Family sent more than once during the day, to make
their affectionate inquiries. The Princess Victoria frequently in-
quires after the health of her Royal Uncle, who is much attached
to her, and leaves a bouquet of choice flowers, with which his
Royal Highness expressed himself much pleased.
The Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishops of Exeter end Car-
lisle, the Marquess of Ailesbury, and the Lord Chief Baron, were
among the numerous inquiries who called yesterday personally,
to learn the state of the Duke.
Sir Henry Halford again attended his Royal Highness yester-
day afternoon.
Sir Herbert Taylor has continued in attendance on the Royal
Duke night and day, scarcely ever leaving the house; and has,
in consequence, postponed holding his Levees, this day, as
Mili-
tary Secratary to the Commander in Chief, at his Office in the
Horse-guards.
At a late hour last night the report was, that "No material
change had taken place in the state of the Duke of York ;"
but we regret to observe, that his Royal Highness was consi-
dered to be gradually sinking under 'lie baneful effects of his dis-
order.—Morning Paper.

(FROM A CORRESPONDENT.)
The decidedly serious attack on the Duke of York's health was
water on the chest, which, centinuing, affected the arteries, and
produced dropsy throughout the system. Its subsequent progress,
if it could be accurately described, it is not necessary minutely to
detail now ; suffice it to say, after many changes (all of them fur
the worse, and some considerable pain occasionally), a decided
and fatal alteration took place in the Duke's health a week ago—
namely, on Sunday preceding Christmas-day. There was then
an allusion in the head, a result that is fatal to the patient within
a limited period. His Royal Highness shrunk to skin and bone.
Au may be imagined by those who remember his fine and portly
person, it would have been difficult to believe in the identity of
the individual, except from haring constantly witnessed the de-
cay, or from the representations of others. The head dropped
forward, and sometimes his Royal Highness could not he aroused
to observe those who were about him. The Royal Duke was
iu this situation, stationed iu a large chair in his usual posi-
tion, when the King visited his Royal Brother, and when
that agitation on the part of his Majesty occurred, the fact
of which has already been mentioned in a previous publication,
but without inadequately describing the cause of the King's sud-
den and excessive grief. The Duke of York, as already intima-
ted, is completely worn away—his frame quite attenuated—and
such gTeat,change, together with the Duke's head leaning for-
ward, the chin on the breast, aria the Duke apparently i❑ a state
of expiring insensibility, had the most remarkable anti sudden
effect on his Majesty, so as to induce the King involuntarily to
rush out of the room. The first impression on his Majesty was,
the extraordinary similarity between the Duke's general appearance
and manner, and the looks of his revered father at the moment of
dying; and besides the likenesa.between the_ .14e. King and the
Duke, his Majesty was also fully impressed with the convictiost
that his Royal brother was then dying, or dead ! Hence the
sudden quitting of the Duke's apartment. It was some time
before the King could return to the room although persuaded that
the Duke existed, the impression of the similarity between the Duke's
general appearance, and the late King in his last moments, remain-
ingso strongly fixed on his Majesty's mind. The Duke was on this
day unable to answer any remarks made by his Majesty. Shortly
after the King's departure, the Princess Sophia, who has ever
been so unremitting in her attentions to the Duke of York, visited
her Royal brother ; and after she had been in the room a short
time, the Duke reminded her that " his Majesty had been," and
the Duke added, " his Majesty thinks me worse." This showed
that the Duke was conscious, in some degree, of what had passed,
without having been able to speak to, or answer the King's con-
versation. On Thursday, whenthe King again visited the Duke,
his Majesty took with him some particular soup, of which he re-
collected the Duke to have formerly tasted with pleasure; the King,
in his anxiety, personally 'handed some of it to his Royal
brother, who appeared to be sensible of the attention, and slightly
tasted of the once favourite soup. During Friday night and Sa-
turday morning, the Duke -experienced a good deal of pain ; and
at five o'clock Mr. APGrige, the medical practitioner, who has
long attended on his Royal Highness, and who, for soese time,
has often slept or stayed very let. at the Duke of Rutland's man-
sion, was called. The Duke is mentioned to have obserwed to

this gentleman—" M'Grigor, when is this pain to have an end ?"
It has been mentioned that the Duke of Sussex visited the Duke
of York two or three times last week, previously to Saturday last.
Such is not tlse fact. The 'Duke of Sussex had regularly visited
his Royal brother on every Sunday, having considered and foe:ld
that a visit on such day was less likely to interfere with any special
visits that the Duke of York might have reason to expect from
other quarters. The mistake in attributing two visits on the part of
the Duke of Sussex to the Duke of York, on Tuesday and Thurs-
day last, doubtlessly resulted from the circumstance of the car-
riages of the Duke of Sussex and the Princess Sophia being very
similar—plain dark green bodies. The Princess Sophia has
been an almost daily inquirer, but her carriage has been mistaken
for that of the Duke of Sussex.

On Saturday, the Dukes of Clarence and Sussex visited the
Duke of York. In the fashionable circles, much conversation had
resulted from the Duke of Clarence's name not having appeared
in the Court Circular as visiting the Duke of York, especially as
immediately after the Duke of Clarence's return from the
Con-
tinent he visited the Duke of York ; but without mentioning
rumours,—idle rumours,—the Duke of Clarence on Saturday is
stated to have visited his Royal brother, and to have been quite as
much affected with what he saw as could be any of his Royal
brothers or siFters.
The statement that the King and the Duke of Sussex, on one
occasion met at the Duke of York's, is without foundation : they
had not met. The Duke of Sussex, till Saturday last, had not
gone to the Duke of York's, except on Sundays, for a reason be-
fore mentioned ; and, on Sundays, the King did not come to
town for the purpose of visiting his Royal brother.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

LLOYD'S.—(Tats Day.)
DEAL, JAN. 2.—Arrived from London, the Crisis, Taylor, for
Bermuda; Harvey, Pearlier, from New South Wales; and Re-
newal, Cromaster, from Barbadoes.
PORTSMOUTH, Jaw. 2.—Wind W.N.W.—Arrived, the Bush•
man, transport, from Deptford. Sailed, the Sir E. Banks, steamer,
for London.

.--
FALMOUTH, JAN. I.—Arrived, the Magnet packet, Porteous,
from Lisbon. Sailed, the Duke of Kent packet, for Lisbon.
LivEaroot., JAN. I.—Arrived, the Pearce, from London, for
New Orleans ; Mary, Graymouth, from Prince Edward's Island ;
Providence, West, from Oporto. Sailed, Dec. 21, the Louver,
Blanchard, for Sicily.
GRAVESEND, JAN. 2.—Arrived the Isabella, Peacock, from
Grenada; Excellent, Wood, from Demerara; Brighton, Sebor,
from New York ; and Sophia, Europe, Resolution ; Jane, from
Quebec ; Mary, Askill, from Seville ; Harmony, Angel, from
St. Michael's ; Betsey, Essen, from Teneriffe. Sailed the Low-
ther Castle, and Bridgewater, for India ; and Mitford, Taylor,
for Gibraltar.
Extract of a Letter from the Agents to Lloyd's at Vera Cruz,
dated 20th Sept.:—
" The Dutch brig Mercurio has arrived, having on board Col.
Von Veer as Deputy to the Congress of Republics, which was to
have been held at Panama, but which is transferred to this
country."

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC, JOURNALS•

The Message of any President of the United States to
Congress must of necessity contain much useful matter.
T hat officer feels himself to be what he really is—the ac-
countable servant of a free people—a people who will
force him to tell them all that it imports the poorest man
aironget them to know in relation to their national con-
cerns. Were a President's Message to be drawn up with
the dry and naked precision of an official table, it could not
fail, from the unavoidable value of its contents, to invite,
at least from political readers, a keen and diligent exami-
nation. We do not; indeed, pretend to say that much ad-
ditional interest has been thrown around this voluminous
production of the pen of Mr. Adams, by his endeavours,
somewhat too manifest in every line, to wrap up
the nakedness of fact, and the nerve of argument,
in manifold involutions of language. The Message, in
that respect, is a monument, we must say, of any
thing but good taste in Mr. Adams. As there is current
an old remark about dancing masters, that few if any of
that skipping tribe can exhibit their, agility like a gentle-
man, so here we have a proof that professors of theoric
cannot always express themselves like Statesmen. But
this is a passing remark upon the exterior form of the Pre-
eident's communication : that within the tawdry-looking
shell there may be found much fruit,fruit in some instances
of bitter or pungent flavour to every palate which tries it,
we are not unwilling to confess on behalf of Mr. Adams.
The passages of the speech which address themselves to
Great Britain, are of a serious, perhaps a sombre cha-
racter. The North-Eastern and North-Western boun-
daries of the United States are still, it seems, in
the same eondition of non-adjustment in which they
were left by the precious negotiators of the never-
to-be-forgotten ti eaty of Ghent, when England,
with the power of enforcing her rightful claims,
and giving the law completely to her antagonist, re-
ferred every question to future opportunities, when
she should be dismantled of her then resistless force,
and America sufficiently recovered to put forth a fresh
brood of inadmissible pretensions. We are now feeling
the effects of that guidance under which the diplomacy of
England was contented in 1815. We .have it further, on
the authority of Mr. Adams, that the exercise by England
crf her own unquestionable right of prescribing the condi-
tions under which she would permit other States to carry
on traffic with her colonies, has given rise to great sore-
ness—to strong complaint—to disappointment, and even
remonstrance, on the part of the Republican Government.
We recollect enough of the matter in dispute to aver, that
every Englishman was struck with something more than
astonishment at the subjection of our ships in the harbours
of America to imposts and hardships wholly inconsistent
with those promises, under which the British Government
had been induced, by that of the Republic, to relax the
; which had impeded her commerce with our colonies.
America rests her complaint on this—that the trade she
seeks is one for mutual benefit, and she disdains to ask
any intercourse with our colonies as a favoine Well, then,
England sees no benefit to herself in the unequal species
of intercourse which America had expected; and the ad-
vantage not being judged reciprocal by the party to which
it was proposed, there can surely have been 110 ground
whatever of just complaint against this country, on the
principles which are professed by Mr. Adams. We re-
eeet these bickerings with a people whom we should be
equally desirous of attaching to England by the bands of
emestant friendship. Family quarrels, however, arc not
the most easy to adjust; and recommending temper and
good-nature to Mr. Canning, we shall wait with hope for
a favourable issue to these Multifarious differences.—Times.
On inquiry, we find that the Mail which arrived on
Monday from Lisbon was not brought by the steam-
veeeel ; it came by a private ship. Some few Papers were
eeeeived by the former, which enable the public to judge
more correctly of the situation of the Apostolicals in the
North of Portugal, the dates they furnish reaching up to
the ?4th ult. inclusive, from Lisbon. From them it will
he seen, that the great object of the Apostolicals was to
force the bridge of Amarante, the movement we always
expected they would attempt, as being the only one left
them in the peculiar circumstances in which they were
placed. They could not long subsist in Tras-os-Montes,
this being the poorest province in the whole kingdom, and
entirely destitute of resources, besides being deluged at this
season of the year by torrents of rain, which render the
roads almost impassable. The active exertions of the Mi-
litary Commanders operating along the line of the Tamega,
and the delays of the Marquis de Chaves, who appears
to have expended upwards of twenty days in getting
from Braganza to Amarante, a distance of about 75
_miles, had allowed the Constitutionalists to complete the
!preparations for defence, and when his party attacked
On the 15th, they were repulsed with considerable loss.—
'Vile is the ,first trial of strength the Apostolicals have
hart in the North of Portugal, since their return from
SPain ; and, if we mistake not, the result will be fatal
eo their cause. The mercenaries, who had joined the
rebellious standard of the Silveiras, were not so much
stispoeed to fight as to plunder ; and, besides, they were
bed to believe that succours were at hand, and that they
would be received with open arms. The moment of
delusion, however, is now past, and their earnest
money is also spent, yet no progress has been made, Their
abettors in their rear, on the Spanish frontiers, begin to
art against them; whilst at the same time they see none
of those popular commotions in their favour, which they
and the Quotidienne had been told were prepared and ready
to break out, and they moreover find that their hero and
header, although loaded with the benedictions of the
&Church, is not invincible. This defeat in their hopes will
make them pause, more particularly when they hear of the
British aid so promptly sent in support of the legitimate
government. Under all these combined circumstances,
Aiesertions must necessarily commence in the ranks of the
Apostolicals, from the moment that the success of their
enterprise becomes even dubious. The small party of re-
gulars they have with them are men who have already sold
themselves several times, having no further interest in the
issue of the present attempt than as it may afford them the
'means of plunder, revenge, or advancement. As readily
would they turn against their present leaders as they have
done egainsisthe Constituted Authorities of their country.
The enthiesiasm with which the Count de Villa Flor,
raid other noblemen of high rank, have joined the
army, and already distinguished themselves, will also
give confidence to the other portions of the regular
limy which had continued faithful, and fix the wavering
or disaffected officers in their duty. The Count de Villa
Flor, till very recently, resided in England, having absent-
ed himself from the Court of Lisbon in consequence of
some cabal raised against him. lie is a handsome and
noble youth, spoken of as the pride of the Portuguese
Nobility, and a great favourite of the Princess
Regent.
To his countrymen he must have endeared himself, by the
very prompt and efficient manner in which he has liberated
the South of Portugal from the presence of rebels; and
the emulation which must necessarily follow among the
young Nobles, from such a triumph, will be of great see-
Vice in the consolidation of the new order of things. Not-
withstanding the temporary confusion and loss occasioned
by the mad project of the Apostolicals, one great advan-
tage will eventually be derived from it ; namely, that Por-
tugal will be purged and fieed from a great number of dis-
affected iuldrambitious men, scattefed throughout the coun-
try, who have long been preying on the credulity of the
people and fanning the embers of discord. The removal of
these individuals will be of a public benefit; and tine
less the present events had unmasked them, they
might have gone on for some time with their plots
and deceptions, stna thus retarded the consolidation
of the Constitution, as well as the consequent moral
and physical improvements of which Portugal stands
in such great nee, after so many years of deso-
lation and anarchy. The next curious topic that inte-
rests the public is, to learn what positions our troops take
up on the Portuguese territory. The immediate cause
which carried them to the old theatre of their glories has,
some measure, ceased, since the aggression now no

longer wears an alarming aspect. The capital has never
been in any thing like danger—for not the slightest dis-
affe,lion showed itself, during the few days it was guarded
by only a handful of local volunteers and a few Bri-
tish marines. The duty of our countrymen will not,
consequently, be confined to the capital ; nor can it
be expected they will be employed to dear the pro-
vince of Tras-os-lontes from the bands of rebel guerillas,
who, for some time, sheltered by the mountains, may wan-
der about almost unmolested. This is a service in which
the native troops may be employed with greater advantage.
We arc, therefore, of the same opinion we before express-
ed, viz., that our troops will take up positions along the
line of the Spartish frontiers, and their setting off for this
their eventual destination will materially depend on the
state of the negociations now carrying on at Madrid.—
Morning Chronicle.

It is distressing to every friend of humanity to see the
means resorted to by certain individuals to excite the people
of England and France against one another.—Though
some writers and speakers in this country are not free of
blame, it must be admitted that the French outstrip them
far in those appeals to the passions, to national honour and
national vanity, which are calculated to raise a spirit of ani-
mosity, and revive those deadly feuds which had become
nearly forgotten. Not only the High Church party and
those opposed to liberal principles of Government, but
some of thOse men who are the enemies of bigotry and
tyranny, who have written or fought in defence of popular
rights, seem glad of an opportunity to stir up the dying
embers, and of adding to that flame which the Clergy have
kindled. They avoid all allnsion to the cause which the
Apostolical party defend, because they know that 19 out of
20 in France are decidedly hostile to it ; but they make a
sort of appeal to the people, as if we had called their bra-
very or honour in question. Such a mode of proceeding
is quite unjustifiable. If any in this country have been
foolish enough to make use of expressions that will admit
of such a meaning, they are but few in number; and it
shows a most malignant spirit *to hold them up to the
people for the purpose of exciting a war between two na-
tions, which, in the end, must range, on one side or the
other, the whole of Europe. France and England have
been at peace for more than eleven years; the national
antipathies, owing to the intercourse between the two
people, haver, during that time, almost entirely disap-
peared ; intermarriages have taken place, and a com-
munity of feeling has arisen which every friend of peace.
and order had fondly hoped would long secure them
against war and bloodshed. What a responsibility must
rest with those men who, for mere punctilios or unguard-
ed expressions, would put an end to this happy state of
things, and reduce the two countries to that dreadful al.
ternative which, in the end, must be calamitous to both
They can have no object but war; they know that whet
the people are once excited, an imaginary insult—a cause
even so trifling as that so ludicrously described by Swift,
would be sufficient to drive them to arms. No man can
seriously believe for a moment that the people of England
doubt either the bravery or the national spirit of the
French, or that any such opinion with regard to this coun-
try prevails in France. Perhaps no two nations more wil-
lingly do justice to one another in that respect. A war of
twenty-five years, carried on with the most unrelenting
hostility, convinced both, that no new trial was wanting
to establish their mutual claims. Yet some men—men,
too, that boast of their philosophy and regard for the hap-
piness of mankind, are taking the most likely means to
incite them again to the contest. If they succeed, what
will be the result ? Another war, perhaps, of twenty-
five years—an indescribable scene of individual suffering,
of private and public calamities, and a conclusion some-
what like the last, when both nations were losers, and
the Americans the gainers. Which will lose moat it
is impossible to say. If we may judge from experience,
however, that pasty which is most hostile to this country
will gain nothing by the trial. The world, we trust, are
now too wise to submit again-to the yoke of bigotry and
false religion, or lend themselves to support a faction
whose great object is to render mankind slaves and
them-
selves masters. The Spanish Ambassador, in the reign of
James 11. had the good sense to see that the Priests were
too busy at Court, and to advise the King not to assent
with too great facility to their dangerous counsels. "Is it
not the custom in Spain," said James, " for the King to
consult with his confessor." " Yes," replied the Am-
bassador," and it is for that very reason our affairs succeed
so ill." The same may be said of the Government of that
country at the present moment; and we believe there is
but one opinion among all enlightened men, as to the
causes which have kept it, at least, a century behind the
other states of Europe. With this, however, we have no
wish to interfere. Let confessors advise their Kings, or
take any share in the internal administration of their re-
spective countries, but let them not stop the progress of
civilization in other states, or incite them to war against
one another. We have all along been convinced of the
impolicy of saying or doing any thing that could tend, in
the smallest degree, to revive the antipathies, or national
jealousies, of France and England. All men of sense and
disinterested motives, in botl countries, are, undoubtedly,
of the same opinion, and we sincerely trust that their in-
fluence, and the prudent conduct of the respective Govern-
ments, will be sufficient to check the ebullition of the war-
ike party, and preserve a peace which is so advantageous,
o both.—Morning Herald.

The joy with which the arrival of our troops has been
hailed in Lisbon proves that the population of the capital,
at least, have no partiality for the cause of the insurgents.
It would be ridiculous to expect that a change of political
system could be introduced into any country without pro-
ducing considerable discontent, and furnishing materials
for civil disturbances. Some prejudices must be wounded
—some interests must be injured--all who are, or suppose
themselves to be, losers by the change, will be inclined to
take the chance of what the abolition of the new system,
under the pretext of an attempt to restore the old, may
bring ; and, when an. army has been debauched, as that of
Portugal has been, two or three times, within the course of
as many years, there cannot fail to be abundance of restless
spirits, who have the materials of insurrection ready prepar-
ed to their hands, and who see neither much danger, nor any
thing very extraordinary, in taking up arms against
legitimate authority. On the other hand, the means
which a Government, situated as that of Portugal has
been, can employ for its own preservation, are not such as
can be- depended upon. The introduction of a new con-
stitution is accompanied with a fresh organization of the
different official departments—with new' modes of trans-
acting public business—with the dismissal of many old
functionaries, and the substitution of persons who have
not that practical skill, rendered confident in itself by
habits of long exercise, without which the details of the
administration of a country cannot he conducted success-
fully. These circumstances tend to produce slowness and
want of energy in employing the resources which the
State has at its disposal; a .result which is further pro-
moted by that consciousness of weakness which belongs to
all newly formed Governments, until they ascertain their
strength by its successf►d exertion. The people,
though they may not dislike the change, can hare no
rooted attachment to—no prejudices in favour of, that
which has been substituted for their ancient forms. It can-
not excite in them any of those feelings which lead men to
make personal sacrifices; and, however much it may be
qualified to promote their welfare, the blessings which it is
fitted to confer, are such as do not manifest themselves im-
mediately, but require a series of years for their develop-
ment. If, under such circumstances, a few turbulent men,
with the aid of the off-scourings of society, rise against the
new Government, it might find itself without defenders,
even though the great majority of the Nation were inclined
to be satisfied with it ; and still more likely would this be
to happen, where, as has been the case in Portugal, there
have been three or four revolutions within the last six
years. It is one of the curses of frequent political changes
that they produce in the minds of men,an utter distrust in
the stability of what exists. Nothing is regarded as per-
manent ; every thing is looked upon as merely introductory
to something else ; the mass of the community can find