The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-15 00:00:00

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.

PORTSMOUTH, OCT. 13.-The Orestes 18, COM-
' minder S. J. Cei. aegie, was this mining
removed from her moorings by the Topaz hulk, and
hauled abreast of, but not alongside, the dockyard,
immediately opposite the Semaphore, for the pm pose
of practically teseng the efficacy of her lightning
conductors, by a series of experiments by Srow
Harris, Esq., F.R.S., upon whose plan the conduc-
tors have been fitted up. She was moored about 10)
yards from t'ae jetty, between which and the ship,
about midway, a barge was placed contrining a car-
ronade. A wire leafing from the positive side of a
powei;al electrical battery in the Semaphore was at-
tached to a cup of gunpowder, on her main , truck.
Another wire,,leading froth the negative side of the
battery, was attached to the gun in the boat. A short
wire was placed on the touch-hole of the glib, and led
over the,gauwale of, the boat to the surface only of
the water, on the side nearest the Orestes. There was
no communication between the ship and the berge.
From the interesting and important nature of the
subject, there was a numerous attendance.of naval
officers from every ship in the pol;;, among whom
were Admirals Sjr Edward Codrington and Hyde
Parker • Captains Sir Themes Hastings, Lord John

Hay, W. Henierson, Codringion, Carnegie, Willis,
Hallowes;" the officers of the Austrian ft gate Bel-
lona ; General Sir Hercules Potential', and a num-
ber of scientific ind iv:duels from ell pir.;:s of the neigh-
bovrhc-xl.

Mr. Harris first briefly explained the artificial ar-
rangement of the_ Leyden jar, by which all the results
of lightning may Le imitated, and pm formed several
interesting oxpeximentl illustrative of the definite
aetion and laws of electrical discharges. It had been
generally supposed that metals were attractive of
lightning in virtue of some inherent affinity for the
electrical agency. Mr. Hanes combated this supposi-
tion, and showed that the laws of electrical discharges
were reducible to mere resistance or distancet-that,
psi fact, the discharge through an impe...ect circuit or
conductor, as:. an unprotected ship, merely picked out
such pieces of metal as happened t.) lie in a line or
lineS of least resistance to itscou-se. This was illus-
trated by passing an electric shock c -er small masses
of gold distributed fortuitmsly - paper some of
these were burned up, others remained untouchad.
The armngement for illustrating the action of the
cenduc'oms in the Orestes has already been desciihed.
The object was to show that immediately an electrical
discharge" reached the mast-heed; it passed' dow
to, , end, was dispersed in, the water; by means
of the continuous line of conductors. This was
proved 'thus :—The electric battery in; the .Sema-
phore was . discharged; the discharge passed
along the copper wire from the metallic plate .on the
interior of the jar to the mast-head; its presence there
was rendered app.-rent by the ignition of the gun-
powder in the cup; it passed thence down the con-
ductor On the mast into • the hull 'of' the ship,' and
along the condhetors on the hell into the sea. That
it lied in.the sea was proved by the ignition
of the powder over the touch-hole of the gun in the
bOat, an-i the .consequent discharge of the gun,. be-
cause the only means by.which this gunpowelercould
be ignited was the passage e the el -ctricitv .up .the,
shoi.; copper w're which connected the touco-hole of
the gun with the sea ; so that not only must the..elec-.
tric -fluid have miived in the sea, but it must have
paqsed through it to this short copper wire in the
boy t. It is'ahnost needless `to add, that so rapid is
the passage of the electric fluid, that the "report'of the
d'cheu.'„ge of the batt-ry, the ign:tion of the powder at
the inest-16;1; of that over the touch-hole 'of the gun,
and
.the. repoii; of the "gun itself, appeared
siniulta-
neaus, notwithstanding the great distance traversed
by the electricity, thus show 7ng Clearly-and satisfac-
torily _that 'nstant the .explosion.,o......yed at the
uck, that same instant did theconductora clear
it of the ship and trrnanit rt,to the water.-
Several experiments were then made- to -prove. that
the. principle 'held
.goed. in the case when the top-
masts and top-gallant=masts were ack. These
were. Very"eonclusive,- the'electrical current folloWed
the continuous litie %vithout.,i t all' diverg7ng to those
portions, of the. -eanduCtOrs, Which by the 'striking
mOf the astswere‘ Rioted in a position out of that line.
' Wi-T ropesconducters were then considered, and
the several ohjections to them farly end conclusively
stated. The danger of a. man being killed in 'the
bight of such. -a rope, while striking. the top or top-
gallant -mast during a thunder . squall, was most
clearly' proved by -a every neat experiment. • Such • a
case was represented by gold leaf on paper, and when
an electric shock vVVS pasSed'over, the paper, , the gold
was burnt up in the direction of tl,--6 man, but 're-
mained untouched round the'biolit of the rope'.
are lest experiment Which was per-fin-Med WeS wit'n
a view: to prove_ pt once the coMplete..proteetion
afforded -by the continuous conductor,, and the . ad-rs
parent impossibily of the least action ,taking place oar
metallic bodes out of it, thus practically reuting.the.
suppositiOn of any'lateraldiScharge.tak-ing place.,, A
,model. of a mast about ten feet in length was made in
parts,:and an interrnpted line''of metal placed in the
heart of it. Percussion powder, -which, it is Well
.known, will inflame with the least spark of electricity,
was placed between these interruptions. On the
outer surface .of the mast a continuous conductor
was placed, the extremities of which were con-
nected .at each end of the model of the mast with the.
extremities of , the interior and interrupted lint
of metal. In order to make the experiment
more complete,-bands of metallic leaf were made here
and there to surround the mast as hoops, together with
other 'metallic bodies which could enter into the mast
itselfand touch the internalline of metal. An intense'
shock of electricity was allowed to fall upon the upper
extremity of the mast, where both lines of metal were
in conjunction, with the view of discovering (sine:
the electric matter had thus, it may be said, the choice
of two lines) whether it would pass,_ upon the metal
within, or whether it would be dispersed• between the
two lines and pass down each, or whether it would
only pass. down the exterior line, and whether, in
passing down. that line, it could cause a lateral dis-
charge to 'enter the mast, or in any way to affect the
interior. This was a severe test, from the highly in-
flammable nature of the percussion powder, and it
succeeded perfectly: As long as the continuous ex-
teinal conductor remained perfect, the discharges of
electricity were innoxious ; when, however, the ex-
terior, conductor was removed and a simile,- charge
was thrown over the model, , the mast was blown to
pieces by the ignition of the percussion powder, evi-
dently proving that if the previous discharges had in
any way, or under any form, • pervaded the interior,
this effect would have resulted in the very first instance.
In repeating the expel invent of irssing the electric
fluid through the Orestes, an accidental circumstance
;ally proved Mr. Hants's theory, that metals of them-
selves are not attractive ; and that lightning will take
the most direct continuous way to au.ive at its course.
The wire which led f.-om the Semaphore to the cup
contriving the gunpowder at the mast-head of the
ship, was not properly placed—the bight touching the
mast a few irches below the cup. The discharge,
therefore, instead of continuing along the wird to the
cup, was conveyed to the conductor at the spot where
the bight touched the mast, and carried through the
ship, and thence by the sea to the boat where it fired
the gun, leaving the gunpowder at the mast-head un-
exploded. -
After Mr. Harris had concluded 'his experiments,
Adt&ral Sir Edward Codrington said that after what
he had witnessed, he thought it' but right publicly to
observe that he felt pel:ectly convinced of the efficacy
of the conductors upon Mr. Ha' fis's plan, which, after
the conclusive and satisfactory tests they had that day
undergone, would no doubt he generally used through-

„ .
out the navy. All the ()flier officers present were
equally gratified, and expressed their approbation of
,he plan.
The Jaseur, commissioned yesterday prter-
noon, by Commander W. Willis.

The .Warspite,.so,' capt. Lord John flay, bent her
sails this morning, and will go out of harbour next week.
The Owen Glendower transport 1N:11 leave Spit-
head tó-metro* for 'Gibraltar, with com;ets
WoolAlch and tl-,;s pm
• The Pi cenix steam-frigate is hourly expected from
the Mecrteifanean.

Ship at Spithead—Owen Glendower.
Ships in Hrrbour—St. Vincent, Victory, Excel•
lent, Warspite, 02eStes, Jrseur, Bellona, (Austran),
Royal George yacht, Echo steamer, Java transpoi
Toomvicu, OCT. 14.—The A. lel steam-vessel,
Master. Commander L. Smithett (act,ng), left Wool-
w;ch on.Tuesthy to resume her duties on the Dover
station.

The Sindbad auived on Wednesday from Ports-
mouth.

The Falmouth al Aved on Thursday :zom Plymouth.
The Lightning, 'Sterm-vessel, Lieutenant-Com-
mander G. Snell, who has not yet been superseded,
although appointed to the Nautilus, tender to the
Royal George yacht, leA WOolwich yesterday with
Monsieur Clement and Mr.. Joseph Large, one of the
foremen of the yrrd, to. act as interpreter during the
expel:ments!ordered to be made by the Lords of
Admiralty, NN th a ppr.ri tus invented and fitted on board
the Lightning, .11111; Clement, to rseerteitr the speed.
of the vessel, determine the beat-of the water in the
boilers, and enable navigators to discover when they
are within 15- miles of en iceberg, and furnishing a
sure ':'ndientor of all . sudden changes :rom deep to
Ballow water:- The first is named the Sillometer, a
itle given to 'a substitute for the comraoh
bas been approve: of by the French Admiralty and
n.roducecl mto e.veral of the finest ships. in the
loyal *Navy of France. . Monsieur
_Clement has
ibed the •• hollow

..!opIKT -ball, . against which the , water :
s attached. to a moveable plug of the same metal,
slides: in a copper tube; pass;ng through the
c.entre.of the vessel 'to the keel. ,To th=s plug is at-

I-ached a lever, which,,by means of a vectical rod,
acts on a second lever, placed on the, deck, of .the y es-
d communicating with a spi.pg; the tension of
the sling constitutes An equ;librium witb„tile pies_
sure o the watex on the ball, and seryes,to measure

the rate at which the ship is moving by means of a 8,
hand,-.the movements Oft-iibich, on a graduated dial,
indicate at every-mOment not only the speed of the,
ship, but also the,,,distance run in any given .time.
The silloineter Appears to be an ingeniously cola,'
strutted instrument, and promies to be of great pc lc-,
tical Value. It trives every moment the rate of:Athe'
ship'ss:tiling, and the space traver,ed. in any
time. It indicates the slightest cheng,e iii the plf!.cang
of the ballast or guns, and what is the most fil-Y-01
able direction of the wind for its action 'on the sails,
and theinfluence.of each sail furled or unfurled. It
offers, also the advantage o; measuring, when at anchor,
the force of the currents on the keel of the vessel,.
The second invention consists of an insti. merit
which indicates constantly the elasticity of the steam
both 'in high and IoW -pressure engines, and the leVet
of the water in the boilers. The 6team-engine `indi-
cator, as it is termed, may be applied'to the pistOil of
an engine so vs to show the loss of power sustainelio,
its way to it. A tube similar
.to the manometer is ,
affixed to the instrument. through which the. st, am
ascends, and is introduced into a copper or brass box
placed on the deck- of the vessel, end upon which a
graduated dial indicates, by means of a hand, to the
officer of the watch, the effects of the engine, without
his haying to send below to ascertain it.
Thethirq invention of M. Clement is a submarine
theimometer. He remarks---" It appears from the
thermomeaical observations of many scientific naviga-
tors, that in seas of unfathomable- depth the water is
not so cold as over banks, and that over banks near the
shore it is less cold than over those at a greater dis-
tance, but colder than in the open sea. In experi-
ments which have been made on the coast of Frar ce
with this submarine thermometer • results ,hay e
been obteined which fully establish the great service
this' instrument may render. to utiv:gation
by ; ar-
ni4iing a sr"e end constant it'dication 'ofa :;udder
'
changes from deep to 'shallow It is evident
also that it will serve to.
_point out the proximity of..
vessels to icebergs, which at certain serious render_
the. navigation,of. the. Atlantic. attended with danger.
This test cannot, of _course
.be made ;in the experi•
ments with the Lightning, the other. impoi; it
qualities will be correctly ascertained, ' M. Clement's
thermometer is 'kept constantly under wa:er at Tile
same depth, and indicates. the different temper: toes
of the water by means of a dial placed on the dick
the_ vessel, end always. open to • examination. The
immediate. action ,is communicated by wheels, the
working of which turns two hti,n& upon the 'd;7l, the
one marking the single degrees, and the other the, tens.
The whole is enclosed in a tube; end attached to !,lie
side of the vessel.

The Bee stem-vessel, constructed for the use of
the students on bwrd- the Excellent, gunnery. sh;p,
at Portsmouth, was taken up
,to Deptford yesterday,
to be fitted lA;th a .crew-propeller by M. Steinman
Steinnian.

SPIRIT. of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
CHRON ICLE.—About a month ago we called
the attention of our readers to the state of poli-
tics in Canada; andanticipated, on :the audios
rity of a well-informed correspondent of the
ColortialVtizette,'a.' vote of the, Assembly:hws
tile to the provincial administration. These'
anticipatiOns have been completely realised, in-
asmuch as'a vote of want of confidence was pro-
posed as an amendment on the address in
answer to the Governor-General's speecle' 'rite'
news that this amendment was under discussion,
with a certainty of being carried, arrived' a 7. few
days ago, in company with the unpleasant intel-
ligence that Sir Charles Bagot's attempts to
strengthen his Government by a• tardy and lin-
perfect offer •of office to the leaders of the Re-
formers of both Upper and Lower Canada, had
failed; and that a period of temporary coca: anion
might be apprehended P•om the impossibility of
farming a strong Government. The news-brought
by the ,Halititx packet yesterday is most
gratifying.' it appears that. Sir Charles P-got
renewed his offers to Messrs. Baldwin
and ,Lafentaiiie, sea ' that those gentlemen
have' consented to- join "a portion of ' the
present provincial administration, as .Atto,-
ney-Generals ' for the two dirtsiens .of
'Canada, iii place of-Messrs. Ogden and Drape:,
the two representatives of the old Tory, par , -,
who./retire. In addition, Mr. Girouard, one of
the most eminent leaders Of the French C.llla-
(ban's, is also to take office. The Executive
Council, -as now constituted, is completely
Liberal, and will probably command a decided
'majority in. the Assembly. When we express
our great Sati's.faction at this result;it is not, we
must confess., at the individualS whom 'their iu-
fluence in the:Assembly has thus brought into
,taine is teginaleman
.
office. Mr. Baldwinis apso•eiri,ty;cll.laoliii.estipru. tLantootn. •
very :"skilful or practiCal
of great pretansiOns,s but;',
We suspect, little solidity ofjUdgment ; and his
reputation for political virtue is by GO, means
above suspicion.- Mr. Girouard, who was inn.
Hprisoned during the insurrection of 1837, and
suffered greatly on account of unjust suspicions
of disloyalty, is, from all we hear, much the
ablest of those who have joined he Gore rn7
went. The men of greatest practical talent ia
ibelircals°lorb;aoPbilielE*l
the. Executive Council are the old members,
Messrs. Hinch, Daly, and Harrison : and the
change is valuable because the Provincial Mini--
try, try, in place of its former anomalous and be;ere-
i tt
consistent
nd v i
gaonrdo u
sii will
geneous character, is now . Liberal
But the
great subject cif g-ratification is, the complete
completely
a
triumph of Lord Durhatn's principle of respOn-
sible Government, which the recent change re-
cognizes and establishes. The members of the
present Provincial Government are the persons
in the province the most obnoxious to the old
Tory party. It cannot be supposed that Sir.
Charles Bagot has selected them from any par-
ticular partiality to their views. It is obvious
that he has taken them into office solely on Ile:.
count of their posseSsing the confidence ortlie
majority of the Assembly. The rationabsyskem
of representative Government is, therefore, 'est?.
Wished in Canada, in the most marked matinei
The men in whom probably of all in the proVinee
the Government confides the least are takeivbil,
him to dire& his poliCy beeadse they are, those,
in whom the people confide the most. A vote•
of the Legislature in Canada, as in the mother
country, now determines who shall wield execti
tire 'Phis 1 authority.: -1 as been the great snbject',
of conflict hitherto between the Tory and Liberal '
politicians of the province. It is now decided in
favour of the latter. We Ina_ ,
oe allowed almostto express a regret y that such a constminiation
has been brought about by a Tory Governor=
General. But this, after all, is only one of many
pros of the fact that.ll
ewvernment in the pre-
sent day, whether in the hands of Tories or .of
Liberals, must be carried on on Liberal. prin-
ciples. Nevertheless, it must be said that this
adoption cf Lord Durham s admirable principle
does great honour to Sir Charles Bagot. His
must be regarded as no imperfect or insincere
adoption of it. Unwilling, 'in the first place,' i't
may have been; but since he saw that he rintst
adopt it, he has gone into it thorough,W a"ed
cheerfully.. We have only to wish that lii ex-
cellent intentions may not be ...., ,
counteract:co I,y
orders from home ; and, that he
may he allowed
to carry out thoroughly and consistently..the ad-
mirable career which,
,t° his bonour,..,:he has
that,
commenced. Strange atl after
all t 1
. me outc:y
against Lord Durham's Csnadian Government,
and his Report, the great Liberal principle of
that Report should be now first fully
realised by
it Tory Government! We do not 'Mend to
predict Provincial.that the Go %, P,‘ ,
ernmentnow con-
Sainted will be 'of long duration or d'a much
service... We shall be content ?
if its establish-
ment satisfies the majority For a Milk, and if,
when the majority,turns against it, it shall make
way fbr those who shall Olen possess the public
confidence. But sure we are 'that hothmo, can
ensure good, government in Canada but a prin-
ciple which shall thus adapt the constitution of
the executive to the variations Of Public
opinion.
It WE'S this principle which Lord Durham milli-
tabled in his Report, and this principle which
circumstances compel even his
oppon en is to
niaintain in 'practice. .
TlMES'.___Th6 intelligence which has 'use • i las just ar-
rived from Canada comprises an:aimoutteement.
which presents at first siglit a soni t
moat startlitlr
appearance.. Sir C. Basgot, thtl Governor-Ge.-
neral, after declaring. that ".the desire,, ». loud
entertained by him, " of uniting to the aid 'tii,
and cordial co-operation with, his Government,
:lie popidation of French origin in
.1,,,m,r
Canada, is unabated," has proceeded to offer the
post Of Attoruey-General
.(;1 Lowe,.
with a seat at the Execut•ve C Canada,
ouncil to 11,.
Lsi'ontaine democrat e ,
, a noied _ f that province,
alleging as the sole ground ofLi
ie appointment
the Freneli origin of that gentlman, and his
iilfliwnee wiLli that class of the population- -Act-
ing on the same principles the Governor-General
has appointed Mr. Girouard, also a violent poli-
tical partisan, to it lucrative office and a scat in
the Council. It is, we•believe, as' m,
torious es
it is undeniable, that Mr.' Lafontaine was ae,_
i ively ene nerd in the rebellion of 1837, and
that Lf;rd Seaton olThred a reward Of 5001.
fin* Hs apprehension. Mr. Girouard was
likewise engaged, or, as .it is now deli-
cately expreswd, was 4 i
.COlLPrOlniSedii in .the
sane insurrection. Now, these are filets which
certainly demand explanation. -n,
,ir'e entirely,
agiee witli the Governor-General in the abstract
doeuine. which; apparently, lie holds,' that the
uceident of anian's.paren'sge or descent should,
.sullposing him to be admittedly a natural-born
snlijeet and citizen of the State, neither'quAre
nor disqualify him for alp pesE ;
ess;.en' ,of civil

,

rights or privileges, or for the tenure of office.
If one who is OnfeSsedly neither. .denizen nor
alien, but entity d by law citizenship, is also
true, loyii4 obecient, and well qualified, we can
see no earthiy .rt.ason for his rejection- from office
in the fact of his descent from parents who were
once aliens. If he poSsess the above very requi-
Site personal qualities, we cannot see why he
'Should be excluded, though his parents were
.Hottentots or Hindoos. We are no 'up-
holders of distinctions of caste. But if
this is so, equally and undeniably true it is that
when a • 'man has no such personal qualifica-
tions, and, much more, when be has personal
dis-qua'fficatiOns, he Oughtis. certainly to be re-
bgiously excluded from office—,and that, though
he were descended, not from the .Hindoo or the
Hottentot, but from Solon-or Lycurgus; and, at
any,- rate,- his Hindoo 'parentage should be no
recommendation- to him, when 'otherwise unfit,
however strongly it .be :insisted on that such
d'eSeent should' be - no-d:a=qualitication. Now,
Sir 'C.' Bagot has,' so thr as hitherto appears,
chosen two' very infelicitous instances for exenpe
plifying this doctrine about the abolition of caste.
Do not exclude Frenchmen as such;—but, on
the otherhand, do.hot promote proscribed trai-
tors, merely because they happen to be of French
I extraction. There is a very large and numerous
claSs of peopic--Lvery numerous, we believe, ever
since the days of King James the First—who
would, doubtless, Hunk it very hard and
unjust to exclude every Scotchman from
stations of emolument in England. But it
would have been 'thought (150 years since, what-
ever it might be now) rather an extraordinary
way of obviating this 'injustice to have ap-
pointed certain fanatical and rebellious Cove-
nanters, vho had had' a price put upon their
heads, toliosts of 'authority in 'England, merely
in order to •show a just inipaAiality towards.
Scotchmen.. And in the same way it.ntight be
:thought -a-Very-Irish way of doing. " justice to
Ireland," it 'Sir: 'Feafgus O'Connor (Who ,has
lately earned some such honourable. distinction
as Mr. Lafontaine) should be appointed English
• Attorney-General merely because: he is an Irish-
. man, and MIA-der to prove the impartiality of
Government.. Yet Sir C. Bagot, in toe letter by
which hi offered the:appointment to Mr. lafon-
taineo: a man :who. has had. ..a.price • set upon
his head, assigns no other reason for his
conduct than his desire to conciliate the •popula-
' tion. of Trench extraction. • Sarely there - were
,other persons of • French extraction in the
colony,—persdris of tried loyalty, ability, and
wisdom ; at any rate persons who had not actually
committed themselves as these men have done,
who might baVe formed fit cases for evidencing
this just impartiality. The appo'ntment of such
men as Lacontaine and Girouard seems really as
if no better men of French extraction could be
foutid. le is a libel on the French population of
the colony. We are now speaking, of course,
only of what appears on the face.of the appoint-
ments, and in the letter of the Governor-General.
There is doubtless some further, 'and we , hope
sufficient reason, .tor these appointments, which
has nos.-. yet transpired, and which w ill, perhaps,
put the matter.in a different light. As it stands
at preseitt,mOst certainly it'dernands explanation.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.
• ; - , CITY, FRIDAY EVENING.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
TIM l S.—The effect of the payment of the divi-
dends at the Bank of England was more sensibly felt
;n. the Stock Exchange to-day by the increase of
business in the shape of permanent investment, which
has raked the value of Consols for money to 93+ to 1-,
and for the accotint to 933- to thei•• closing quota-
tions ; Exchequer hills for both 2d. and the 24d.
issues are quoted 555. to 575. 'premium ; the scarcity
of them in the market having- wholly destroyed the
preference before' exhibited for the one' description
above the other. .

. .
The -holders. of Foreign Secum:ties generally are
beginning to feel the importance of forming a "Fo-
reign - Loan Association;" for the purpose of getting
back the large sums 'of money that have been ad,
winced on different occasions.' If it answered no other
end, it would at nnYiate fbrid a centre for the col-
lection "Of information 'on the subject. • The neglect
into which the 'elaimik against: several of the South
American ' States; especially Bnenos Ayres, have
fallen, seems to have given a great stimulus to , the
i notion, • Tlie list of "debts 'due mtom the Peninsula
.and from' North and South Ameriea, many. of them
dishonoured ' with 'the- Most;flegitant want of faith,
.:gives • a melancl.olY picture,' and the concentrated
energies of the Unnierous creditor's' to this one subject
• could not fail of has :ng a beneficial effect. :The coun-
ti :es Whose:existence almost' hes been owing to'fhe
confilence", br' t i`e ,mtrglbill.. apitalists' should at least
be taught.that these are earnest in their demands, and
the negligunee‘-bfTenrrtrfletOrs 'sho'N's that :it IS their
own exe7tiowi 'on which-they Must depend.
The Tay stetnner, bringing the West India mil,
has made a quick ppssao.e) not being a day behind the
..3
pet:od allowed for her e' rival, a fact worthy Of notice;
ps sho'w;;ng that it was; ia..er
_all,' the want -of expe-
-1 'ream, 'as much as anythin else, which produced
those delays hitherto' occurring. -'
By the
.advises :froin Jamaica it appears that the
commercial prospects of the islind are daily becomtng
more disheaM,:ening, the great causes being the dis-
tr,,,,st of capitalists, and the deficiency of labour. As
some remedy to this discouraging state of things, the
merchants contemplate the reduction of the freight
of sugar to "Is. Pei' cwt,`; end it was expected that a
meeting :would be called on the subject. The pre
sent rate of ;:eight from Jamaica nearly doubles
that trot llaYanneli, Ad it is said exceeds that
from the E,,.st Indies. A- lighthouSe ' has been
erected on MOrant-point, iind :vm;11 be illuminated ion
the Ist Of November, with a revolving light. The
tower is kcmain'ed white, amid stands 103 feet aboye the
level of the sea, the centre of the light being 9G feet,
:and distinguishable at the distance of 21 wiles, in
'clear weather, The-am:Awl of a native of St. Do-
lminzo, who called hiniself a brother of the late King
of. II ay ri; - h,a afforded much a iitm semen t at Jamaica.
,lle cane W:1-11- a company Of youngnegrOes, and took
up his abm ie
,in a most respectab'e lodgmg-house. A
black l'evC a wils' beliVevery' day,- and the appearance,
of Royalty was kept up; when at last the landlord-
applied for payment, and was informed that the
Prince wished the . claim to be deferred till he had
received. the suni of 40,000/. due to, him from the
British Geve•.:.inaent. The whole affair ended with
the mcck Pr'nee being sent to the House of Correc-
tion. 'The Pot;;uguese are said to be carrying on the
slave-trade as assiduously as- ever, in spite of all the
efforts 'of thiS country to restrain them.
SUN.—In addition to thepurchases usually made for
investing the dividends now payable, the mc•-ket
to-day has received an accession of firmness, in con-
sequence of its having become necess..ry to place an
accumulation of uncleimed dividends, arising from
the East India Company's stock, out at interest. The
amount thus to be purchard is about 40,0001., of
Which Three-and-a-half per Cents. Reduced to the
extent of 10,0001. was, bought to-day, and it is un-
derstood that the purchases will be continued de die
in diem, until the whole shall have , been included.
Consols left off at 934 b3',"si for Money, and 834 93i for
the . Account • Bank Stock, 164166 ; India Stock,
250 252 ; Exchequer Bills 55,57 premium. , -
In Foreign Securities the extent of business )vas
merely sufficient to allow aeLual-pi:ces to te noted.
Belgian, were 103 104; Dutch Two-and-a-Half- per
Cents.,. 52. i 52:41; the Five per Cents. 100 1004;
Danish,. 82, 83; and Brazilian, 63 64.
Some of the speculators in Mexican Bonds
haye, taken advantage ~ of the idea which has
become prevalent, though. erroneously, that the
sumphis , of the money .Yr . the hands: of% the
agents, after the
,payment . of the dividends,
should be appliell to the liquidations of the debentures.
in order to- deprgsp..quo'ations. It was undoubtedly.'!
ir mderstood that such should be the case, but it %yes
also as el01:13' flAcert*Oo that it was necessary, in
order to, give effect to such arm angeinent, that the con-
sent.should be obtained. .. o 4f .the executive
, •.
oppor-
tunity to effect. this has:yet occurred, in consequence
,of the. prorogation of tl.-e, Cortes, but it is to be ex,
pccted that, immediately. after re-assembling, the
necessary, power& w :11 be forwarded to this country,
and the agreement will be ca-mied into effect.
Aanwhile,
.eacij
_opportunity appears to be taken to
keep up -the, national.faith, by remitting the allot-
ment, of the , receipts of the Customs ; and, at the
,prepnt time, 4 loge sum is:in the possession of time
agents, to be applied either to the dividends, or to
cancelling the debentures, as may he ordered. Should
the conditions:rem:o,l urn•olfilled after a certain pe-
riod,. it seas understood that the otiginal bondholders
were to re-nssume, their coupons, though these had.
lmeen turned into
,debentures. , The quotations for the
Bonds, ,at the closeof business, was 321 324. ,
:A further, improvement in Ilmight•mn Shares w."
the only: feature in.the .$lll re Market; t,iese left off at;
36 364. London and Birininghem Were 1,82 184;
Bi. wing-haul and ..Gloncesto.r, 4Q,41; Great,Western:. 1
82 93 ;, the Half7shnres, 50 504; hiouth Western ,1
57 58 ;,..Noti,h, Midland, .57 4.5 ; the New shares,
28 29 ; South tr.tct a, 22i 23 i ; Eastel n Countie' ~
81, 84; Nortber4 and Eastern, t.t54 361; Bled:lva-1,
6 64; and Lrighton, 86 364 per share.
. `lherafcs, ofexchange.were, again. more, in fay, Jur
of this cuuni ,y,. especifilly onAlamburgh, and Pt xis,
the quotation for the latter being 25 85, 25 924, and
the. former, J 3,12, 1.3 12-1-. The quotation on Airster-
AlRM.was 0,61, 13 :6,i • Botterdam, 12 kif-1.; Ant werp,:
12 44, 12' 4* ; Frankfort, 151,-i- 1514,; Genoa, 26 '
,26.5 ; Marseilles: 25 95,-25 974 ;IVtenua,•9 57, c, 58;
Madrid, 3€* 36.5:; and ,Li5b0n,,,524 524.- --, ~ .
-,,The settling, of the half7moutili.Y account it i the
Bonds cansed; i.e change ,in : the quotations, meitber
were any Jbari, aims entered into. ColopmFman . \yen,.
203: '204; Peruvian, 154 164 ; Portuguese. Fiw, per.
Comts,, 3.6.4,371 i the :Three per Ceutl. ~ 21 221 .;i

110.

Spanish Five per Cents., 16 16k ; the Three per
.Cuts., 204 21.
The Indigo sale has today exhibit ,d a gre: to • in -
provement, the quanl.:ty sold exceeding one-third of
thPt put'up; the home trade were again ti e larger
buyers.
COURSE OP EXCHAN GR—(YESTERDAV. 1
Amsterdam . ...... CP. 12 911 Gibraltar.~
Ditto, at sight
Rotterdam ........,2 U l2 10 Genoa . . 26 10
Antwerp
Altona
.• 4O
Paris, 3 days' sight ... 25 75 'Palermo, per oz 120
Ditto, 3 months 26 0 Lisbon -,
M i
arseilles
llourdeaux 26 b'if mo Janeiro 23
Frankfort on Maine -.152 13abia
Petersourgh. 3 Us. ... LI Buenos Ayres

Berlin
Vienna, etrec. 3M lO 0
Trieste, ditto lO 2
Madrid
Cadiz 36i
Bilbao 36
Barcelona
Seville .... 36

!New York, 21days sight 4611
Philadelphia 4lt
,PRICES OF BULLION, PER On.
,F0a...-eign Gold, bars l 7 9
Portugal Geld C01n...3 17 5
INey/ Doubloons ...... 0 0 0
New Dollars... ..... . . 0 0
Silver in Bars... ..... 0 0 0

PROPERTY AND INCOME TAX

'DUTY.
(From Willich's "Income Tar Tables.")
By the following Acts of Parliament the Duty was
fixed at so much in the pound, viz.:

A. B. C. D. E.
1803 43 Geo. 3d, c. 122, is. 9d. ls. ls. ls.
1805 .45 Geo. 3d, c. 15, One-fourth increase on t ite above
1806 46 Geo. ;:d, c. 65, 2s. ls. 6d, 2s. 2s. 2s.
1842 5& 6 Viet. c. 35, 7d. 31d. 7d. 7d. 7d.
The following remarks show the difference between
the present and former Property-tax :
FORMER. PRESENT.
Incomes under 60/. ex- A" Incomes under 15C/.
neomes.,2tween 601. wholly exempt.
and 150/. stthjec:. to reduced
scale of charge.

Chr-gamposed. Charge Impact'.
In 1798 10 per cent. 1842, 7d. rn the Pound, or
1803 5 „ • 21. 18s. 4d. per cent.

1805.......... „
1806 10 „
Tax. payable •in 'respect Tax.e
. ,paYable in respect
of the Occupation of Lend . th Occuprtion of Land
:1 England of the above in Etif;lend of the abo• e
Ultes, end in Scotland at the
Foreigners having money' rate of 20: ;n' the Pound,
;•1 ne Fords exempt froth • Alt lundedf Prdperty
Duty on such proper 4. charged- s th Duty.

PROPERTY ASSESSED IN• 1814 UNDER FORMER ACTS IM-
POSING .A PROPERTY-TAX.
Sources of Income classed in Five Schedules.
A. Propel.), derived f-om Land
1. Rent of Lrid
2. Rent of /louses 16,260,000
3. Tithes, Mines, Quarries; Canals,
Iron Woiks, &c

4,4 70,000

A. Total £60,130,000
B. Rent of Land in respect of occupation '38,396,000
C. Income dei:ved from Public: Funds and
s;Trilar Sccur:ties (sum on which As-
- Se3Stuent wade) 30,000,060
D. Profits of Trades and Professions 38,310,000
E. Income of Public Officers ,... 11,744,000

£178;50,000

SIR ROBERT PEEL'S ESTIMATE, MARCH 11, 1842. •
• Income, • • -Produce of Tax.
A. 1. Rent of Land £39,400,0001 •
2. Rent of Houses 25,000,000
3. Tithe5...X3,500,000
Dh:dends
of 16.1-
way Com-
pal"( s,
•
rndpro- '
perry of
sSrr:lar •1/4- •

desci ;p-

lion ...3,429,000
Aunes P

T

.Iron
.Works 1,509,c00
. 8,4;1..9,000

• .£72,829,00.0L
P. Rent'of Lod in respeCt
or occupation*
C. InCome from Public •
Furth, &c.
D. Profit's of Trades and
Professions • ' • • .56,000,000.
E. Income ofPublie (Accra' 7,000,000

A. £1,600,000
B. 150,0 10

C. 646,000

I). 1,220,000
E. 155,000

Tote £3,; 71,00 Q

•

* Tenants paying less Rent than 3001. a year arc
exempt.
N.B. From A, C, D,' anal E, one-fotirth'of the amounts
to be, deducted for exempt Ineoines under 1501 a year.

RETURN OF THE GROSS AMOUNTS RAISED BY INCOME AND
PROPERTY-TAX IN GREAT BRITAIN.. • . •
At 5 per Oent..:: ... . . 1804 £3,578,890
(10.
61 per cent
10 per eept
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
do.
N.B. Inn Tux was repealed in 1816.

THE ANOUNT OF PROFITS ASSESSED ON TRADES AND
PROFESSIONS IN GREAT BRITAIN, UNDER SCHEDULE
D. IN THE YEAR 1812. •
Under .ZSO .
Above 50 and un(kr £IOO
100 150 3,306.934

.£13,136,014
Above £l5O and ruder £200... 1,723,818
200 • , 300.4. 2,379,332
300 . 400. 1,089,895
400 500... 1,183,116
500 • . 600... , 1,164,113
- 600 700... 795.557
-- 700 800... 560,580
800 900... 609.895
-- 900 • 1000: 294,583
1000 1500... 1,710,821.
1500 2000... 1,043,099
2000 3000... 1,593,692
3000 . 5000. 1,851,725
5000 and upwards 4,647,395

£34,383,635

Or under £l5O £13,136,014
above 150 21,247,C21

£34,383,635

POPULATION OF 'GREAT BRITAIN.
1801.. 10,472,048 Deceneial Increase.
1811 11,969,364 1,497,316
1821 14,073,331........... 2,103,967
1831 16,260,381 2,187,050
1841 18,656,414 2,396,033
NOTE.—We find that the population of Great Britain
was about 12 millions in 1812, and rather above 181 tnil-
lions in 1542.
The produce of the 10 per cent. or 2s. in the pound
Property-tax in 1812 was £13,628,454
If the wealth Of the country has increased , •
in the same ratio as the -population,' the tax.
of 7d. in the • pound should produce rather
more than
4,500,000
Or about a of a million morn than the
e'nount estimated by Sir Robert Peel. C. M. W.
25, Suffolk-street, Pall-mall East, 26th Sept., 1842.

THE'
QUARTER'S REVENUE.NUE.
TO THE EDITOR OF-THE SUN.
Stu,,-4n order PrOperly to descsibe the deficiency
the revenue, I consider that the amount of the pro-
perty-tax, 313,8441,, ought to be added to the sum of
67,473/,,,and the deficiency made 331,3171. It is a
well•:knOwn fact, that the Government has not re-
ceived one single penny at present from the property-
, tax. The stun of 313,8441., stated,to have been re-
ceivedhas only, accrued by means of a reduction of
expenditure, and not :1:3 a yielding, or productive tax
to, the Government. The sum of 30. in the pound
.has been deducted from the,amount of the bidf year's
dividends vvb;els have been paid ; so that the Govern-
ment has paid 98/. 105., 10(1,, instead of 100/.; there-
fore the sum held back, viz., 1/. 95.,2d., is not an ad-
ditional sum of money in the hands, of. the Treasury.
A part of the sum ,of 313,8441., also‘arises from mo-
ney stopped back from Government salaries; and even
a large sum-,-part of that stated to have been received
—will have to.be .returned to claimants whose incomes
are under 150/. per annum. , 4 tax on the Funds and
on Government.sdaries.never cau be aproducing:tax ;
it merely acts .as. a. reduction -of expenditure. By
such reduction the Government has much more to ap-
ply to other purposes;. ,Suppose, for instance, that the
--
Customs duties were expressly provided to pay the
dividends, :end suns to be paid was one 011 ion,
sud.afterwards tu;Kuf Are per cent. were put on the
;,if the Customs dutiesedi(lslot.
creditorsp would be
reduce the
million, as before,. the Government vvoula not benefit
the. five.per cent., although lh
mulcted that ainount. 1 am, Sir, yours, &e.
Ilry.T„combe, Oct. 1:3, 1842. P. W. D.

kituErN TO In,uLA;p:7--The Evening
on,
ppls'it.S:rronotapii,Tslll:he
following
:—,--".We announced
satri.dv, on the authority cif. a Chester paper, that
our Most Gracious Sovereign,accomponied tv PI ince
.2.01),;1 t, • intended vi6ting this country
ensuing uring the summer. It is now, stated that the latter end
of July is the period fixed for this s
In :addition to the reception which sohawaieriousMajesty
and her Royal Consort at the Viceregal Lodge„in the
Phcenix Pavk, the Duke of Leinster, Lord Powers
copra the Eini of Kenmore, Alarquis of 'Sligo, the
.AgAimuii of Downshirei and the Niargnis of Aheroorn,
are prepOrod to entertain the illustrious visitors.'
_si r
George Clerk is expected in Inverness, on a
',tour.lof inspeetion through the line of the Caledonian
Cana , ,