Star.
London, England, 1830-01-15 00:00:00

But let us examine the question en another side. The interfer-
ence may be viewed in two ways, in that of internal right, and that
of civil right. Bacon, Pufferdorff, Gretius, and other publicists,
Consider it lawful to take arms against a Prince or people that in-
vades the principles of general order, by the same reason, that in a
state the disturbers of public peace are punished : this principle is
consecrated by natural right. The civil right establishes that no
Government has a right to interfere in the internal affairs of ano-
ther, because, if that was the ease, nu nation could be secure ; for
the corruption of a Minister, or the ambition of a Monarch, would
be sufficient to attack that power which would endeavour to better
her condition, from which would follow the multiplication of the
already too many cases for war, deriving from it a continual prin-
ciple of hostilities.
Nevertheless, those that admit the right of non-interference, can-
not deny that there are cases in which the immediate security, and
the essential interest of society, call for the interference. These
cases are those that make the exception to the general rule, and
the one granted, the other cannot be denied ;'for no State can leave
its essential interests to die away without running the risk of being
involved in the same peril.
But the advocates of non-interference might say, the exception
to the rule is not yet arrived with regard to Portugal ; and we,
(meaning England) as the inconsequent Tiases repeats, have no
right to punish a Prince for his errors, nor on account of them to
separate from our communion a whole nation ! Leaving for an-
other occasion the answer to the versatile doctrine of that paper,
we think it will not be sufficient to prove, that the case of the ex-
ception to the general rule is just the one in which Portugal is now•
Putting by the guarantees and obligations which England con-
tracted, when ►he took back to Lisbon the tyrant, we shall only
mention in this place a striking parallel, which will prove more
than all the arguments we might adduce ; his will be the famous
Declaration made at Whitehall in the period of the French Revo-
lution, November, 1793. The Declaratio► begins with enume-
rating the misfortunes and horrors of the Revolution, and con-
tinues thus--

Les desselns antioneer de reformer les atlas do sostemement
(rascals, d'etablier sur des basis solids. la liken, personas& et la
drolt des propriete d'assurer a an peuple nootbrests one sage le-
gislature, et une administration des lois juste et modem*, Mutes ees
•ues *Mistakes out malbeureusernent dispam. Riles ont fah place

a un systerne destructeur de tout l'ordre public, soutenu par des
proscriptions, des exile, der confiscations sans nombre, par des
imprisons mons ar►itrairss, par de masares dont Is souvenir mei
fait fremir. Les babitans de ce malbeurcuz pays, si long-temps
trompes par des promotes de bonheur tsujours renouvelees a
l'epoque de cbaque nouveau crime, se sent vim plows dans on
abime de calamites sans esemple.

'• Cut etas de chose, ne pew subsister en France sans impliquer
dans un dan*er eonsniuts tuutes les puissan :es qui l'avelsinene, sans

kur doper le druit, aegis kur impuser le devoir d'arreter les pro-

gross d'un nul qui n'existe que par la violation successive de tortes
ks 10i, et de tuutes Its proprietes, et par la subversion des principes
fondansentaul qui reunissent les boom,* par ks liens de la vie so-
ciale. S. M. ne veut eertaineraent pas contester a la France is
droll de reformer ses lois ;elk n'surait jamas desire d'influsr, par la
force eaterieure, sur lea modes du gouvernement d'un Rtat 'Women..
dent. Elle ne le dyke actuellemsat qu' autaut que ert object est
devenu essentiel su repos et a la smote des autres pal-maces.

Dans cal circonstances, elle demands a la France, et ere lui
demands a just. titr,, de (sire maser enfiu un system* anartique,
qui tea de force que pour k mal, incapable de remplir covers lea

Francais Is premier devuir des

de reptimer les

troubles, de punk les crimes qui se atultiplient journelkment Jans
l'interieur du pays ; mai. dispeaant arbitrairement Je leers pro-
prietes et de leur sane pour troubler k repos des sutras nations, et
pour faire de torte l'Europe le theatre des meows crimes et des
mantes malheurs. Elk lui demand* d'etsblir un gouvernement le.
gitime et stable, fonde our les principes recuauue de justice univer-
&elle, et propre a entretettir avec lea sums notions les relations
mimes (Fenian et de pail.
Le rui lour promet d'svanee de s• part suspension d'hostillies,
amble et (einem qua let evenemens le permettrout, dont la valence
humaine ne petit disposer) sortie et protection a taus ceuz qui, en
se declarant pour UP gouvernement mutiarchique, se soustrairont
au despotism* arum anarchic qui a rumpu sous us liens les plus
*acres de la societe, base vms les rapport. de la vie civil., Mole
taus les drolly confwidu sous les deceit., Sr servant du nom de la
!them pour scarcer la tyrannie la plus cruelle. pour aneantir toutes
ks propels's*, pour s'emparer de mutes les fortunes, fondant son
ponvok sue le consentement pretends du people, et nt-ttant ene-
mas* a feu et a meg des provinces entietes pour avuir reclaime
leers lob, kur religion, et fur souverain legitime."
Ilan we have a declarative, or to speak more correctly, a mani-
fest% which appears more to be the picture of the mlifortunes that
oppress Portugal than the review of the horror. of the French lie-
volulion. By this !singular document, it will be seen that Rog-
laind not only pleased with he► constant interference in the affairs
tat our unhappy eountry, has followed • similar system with the
rather nations, *very time that policy or interest advised her
to it. Thts article of her crerd has been likewise consecrated by
Lord Castlereagh on the 19th of homey, 1911, lo a circular note
addressed to the Cabilleta et KOMP.. doll *WI d 'kerning
entendre qe' 4111010 Oonvernenstut, at. imitates phis dispose qua le
thativernement Beitannique a nmintenis le 'drelt de toot etas or
mats a internale, longue d Merue immediate on sea intents te-
ntacle, tont saieusensent compronsis par In transactions domes-
Upset Wan antes etat."
And Doi we will ask the Government which tequiresi, not-
withstanding the power of Francs, Thal site should put a stop to the ,
anarchical aystem, that had only power to de the

mourns and peace of sober swipes &wool # so. and woeld now
• helilliff to 547 the lame toe despicable ■ad feeble wetter, who. ima
arcrialit of her too virat fbtheuance, has robbed 4 throw, finishing
as once VIII a roisn of blood and *melds% should this Erect
stokes. Winne, which s►irked bar disapproltatiost when Prance
and'Spain hrookod lb* will of tito pimp* to lidorfete 14 to sit
the priuriples of ksitintary which the established. and to Bc/wow-