The Sun.
London, England, 1845-03-14 00:00:00

object was to protect the fish in fresh water rivers in Scotland
against tie public, and the public in the enjo3ment of the pro-
perty of it.
The Duke of BUCCLEUCH agreed with the general prin-
ciple of the Bill, but wi!li regard to its details be was not
prepared now to give any opinion.
The Bill was then read a second time.
FREEMEN OF TIIE CITY.
Lord BE OUGHAM moved for a return of the number of
non-freemen ma.ie freemen of the City of London during
the year 1843, ending on the Ist of April, 1844. He
had no intention of throwing the slightest disrespect
upon the Corporation of London, of which he was an
honourable members by moving for this return, nor did he in-
tend to bring forward the bill which he introduced on the
previous evening. He:stated this to relieve the anxiety of the
Corporation, the head officer of which, he meant
the Lord Mayor, had to-day directed the City
Remernbrancer to communicate with him on the
subject. In that communication the City Remem.
brancer expressed, on the, part of the Corporation, much
surprise at his introduci pg the measure into Parliament, without.
prevlously consulting the Corp,rarion of the City of Loath:in.
Certainly they were reduced very low,,.but he thought they
were not reduced so low as not to be allowed to introduce a
measure without the previous consent of a corporation.
AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENTS.
The Duke of RICHMOND gave notice of his intention
after Easter to bring forward a motion to ascertain the pro-
priety of appointing a Select Committee to inquire whether
it was not proper that sonic legislative enactment should
be passed for the purpose of enabling the owners
of entailed property effectually to drain and otherwise improve
their estates. The Noble Duke, at the same time, moved for
a return of the number of licenses granted to turnpike keeper
in Scotland, distinguishing the names of the keepers and the
places.

against h:m he should have-a full opportunity of answcrinn it on the
earliest opportunity. He, should therefore brit g Forward a
motion on. Tuesday next giving the New Zoalatid Company an
opportunity. of sulitst,antiatipg those charges if it s ere in there
power.

SCOTCH BANKING.
Lord ROSSYLN gave notice tha' on Tuesday next it was
his intention to ask a que-tion of the Noble Duke, referrring
to that part of her Majesty's speech which stated that it was
intended in the present session of Parliament that some altera-
tion should be made in the law relating to the present system of
banking in Scotland.
DISABILITIES OF THE JEWS.
On the reading of the order for the third reading of the
Jewish Disabilities Removal Bill,
'I he Duke of CAMBRIDGE rose and said—My Lords,
allow me to say only a few words in exeressing my cordial con-
currrence in this Bill. Since I have returned to this country,
I have had many opportunities of seeing the good that is done
every day by the members of the Jewish persuasion, and
in the several charities to which I belong a great part of the
good that is done may be placed to their credid. I have fre-
quently met with one gentlemen who has been High Sheriff
of Kent, and also of the City of London, and my
Lords, I know another gentleman, who is now High Sheriff of
Kent, and has been High Sheriff of London four of five
years ago. My Lords, it is only justice to that
gentleman to state ore thing, which is a great credit to him.
I happened, some time ago, to be summoned—to be invited—
to attend a meeting at Winchester, for providing funds to pro-
mote Church extension in that diocese. Upon that occasion,
I met Sir Moses Montefiore in the gardens, and
he put into my hands a cons'derable sum of money,
the amount of which (as we understood the Illustrious Duke)
lam not now at liberty to mention. I should also say that, in
the part of the world where I passed a long part of my life,
I have found the members of the Jewish protession as distin-
guished for thefr high character and charitable disposition.
After a few fuither observations,
Lord MONTEAGLE said that as this Bill would affect a
great number of disputes in Ireland, he thought that time
should be afforded fur she reconsideration of this Bill. He was
far from wishing to elicit any opinion respecting this Bill from
the Noble Duke, but he thought that a reconsideration of the
subject of the Bill was necessary.
The Duke of WELLINGTON said that the Noble Lord
seemed perfectly to apprehend the correct nature of the Bill,
but he thought that the Bill had better be read a third time.
There would be rmple time for the re-consickration of the
principle of the I3ill even during the present session, and then
the Noble Lord might, if he thought proper, act on the Report
of the Land Commissioners.

The Bill cs ag then read a third time, and the House ad.
'mimed a little before Six o'Clock.

HOUSE OF
LANDS CLAUSES CONSOLIDATION BILL
(Continued from our Afternoon Edition.) .
Lord G. SOMERSET said the Sheriff was bound to summon
persons who were indifferent, and in consequence railway directors
could not possibly form a jurylin their own case. As to the place
of meeting, there must be some power of fixing the locality. Ile
would add some words limiting the circuit within which the meet.
ing should be held.

Mr. AGLIONBY thought the Noble Lord did not see the full
force of the objection that had been raised. The distance within
which the juries was to be summoneciought not to be limited ; the
jury ejsght to be formed in the same maim:tr. as others were.
The clause was then agreed te...: .

Clauses up to 47,w`ere passed'utilliettitiliseussion,
On clause 48 being put4--,..!.1\5i
Mr. AGLlONRYtionitetil btstraigeeat legal difficulty that would
arise under this ciattse;,,itwitrataalce,legrd .qtrestion,,depending on
the construction of Lord Dem Sn's AU of list session, with
respect to the admissibillity of wttnestieg. A case had arisen in
which the evidence of a railway.diXeitor was prOposed to be taken
in Lvour of the Company, anddesioSibt arose whether, as he was
only collectively interested as a''bireotor, he came under the ex-
elusion clause, which referred to parties individually interested.
This was a difficult question, in which it was desirable the opinion
of a higher Court should be taken. He wished to alter the clause
so as to a low either party to carry this question by an appeal to a
superior Court, so as to set aside any error in the deciiien of
the Sheriff'.

Lord G. SOMERSET said the proposition would decidedly favour
the railway companies, and operate against the landowner; as by
the enormous expense of legal proceedings, individuals would he
frightened into taking an arbitration, instead of taking the decision
of a jury.

Mr. AGLIONBY asked what the NoWe Lord meant by enor-
mous expense ? The process would be merely that of an ordinary
motion in the Court of Queen's Bench, a thing of every day prac.
tics. It was nut to be supposed that the question would be car.
tied through every Court up to the House of Lords for decision.
He believed the cost of such a motion was exceedingly moderate.
Lord G. SOMERSET cou'd not say precisely what the r xpense
would be, but taking all the proceedings ogether, it would be
more than the Hon. Member anticipated.
Lord G. SOMERSET' said he b lieved this clause was drawn
up in strict accordance with every Railway Act, and almost every
Company's Act that had passed through that House; and he was
not prepared to alter in this general Act what Parliament had so
repeatedly sanctioned.

The clause was then agreed to.
Clauses 49 up to 77 inclusive were then agreed to.
On clause 78 being proposed,
Mr. AGLIONBY said he thought it was not right that -the
owner of 'land should be compelled in all cases to incur costs in
proving his title. A man might have Blood holding title, tough
a bad selling one.

Lord G. SOMERSET said he believed the intention was, that
landowners should be fully remunerated for all expenses which they
were compelled to incur. He would make inquiry on the subject.
On clause 92 being proposed, imposing on railway companies
the obligation of taking land in certain cases,
Mr. AGLIONBY objected that the clause did not provide for
the case of a tongue of land being cut off and separated from other
land in such a manner that it could not be conveniently used by the
owner.

Lord G, SOMERSET said that, after giving the matter some
consideration, he thought it would be difficult to introduce the
proposed amendment. In the selling of the land that was taken
such s circumstance ought to be taken into account, in aggregation
of the amount. On the whole, he thought it would be best to
leave the matter to be considered in the arbitration; tut he would
again take the subject into consideration.
Clause 92 and the remaining clauses of the Bid were agreed to.
The House then wijourned till Five o'cica.

The Howe resumed at Five o'clock.
SOUTH-EASTERN RAILWAY BILL.
On bringing up the report from the Select Committee en
Petition,, tail the petition for have to introduce the South-
E..stern Railway hill,
Mr. DODD moved that such petition be withdrawn. argil
that leave be given, in conformity with the recommendation of
the Select Committee o❑ standing orders, to present petitions
for the introduction of seven different Bills, with reference to
the matters comprised in such first mentioned Bill. Agreed to.
The Edinburgh and Harwick Railway Bill was read a second
lime.

The Dublin and Drogheday Bill was read a first time.
BAD CROPS.—INCOME-TA X.
Mr. CHRISTOPHER presented a petition from the
antlers of Lincolnshire, stating that thy cm; s of wheat and
other agricultural produce were generally deficient,
and that this, conj,,ined with the alteration in the
tariff ; the admission of Canadian corn at a re need
duty ; and the increased burdens upon them by reason of the
income-tax, pres.ed too much upon the agriculturists, and they
prayed the House to adopt measures for their relief.
ARREST OF WAGES.
Mr. SPOONER presented a petition, signed by 4,500
dealers in Birmingham, complaining of the Bill passed last
session for the abolition of imprisonment for debt, and they
prayed that that part of it relating to arrest of wages might be
modified, as at present they suffered great inconvenience in
consequence of the difficulty of recovering their just debts.
BIRMINGHAM RAILWAY EXTENSIONS.
Mr. SPOONER also presented two petitions, one of them
signed by the Directors of the Birmingham and Worcester
Canal, against the extension of the liirminbhanl 'lntension
line.

POOR RATES.
Mr. 11,IILES presented a petition from the County of Wor.
crater, against the unequal burden of the Poor-rate.
FOULNIIRE INCLOSURE BILL.
On the motion of Mt. A wx, the Foulmire Inelo:ure Bill
was raad a second Cme time.

CHARITABLE BEQUESTS ACT.
Mr. M. J. O'CONNELL presented a petition, signed by
146 of the Roman Catholic clergymen of the archdiocese of
Dublin, complaining of certain provisions in the Emancipation
Act, and also against the late Charitable Bequests Act, and
rraying for its total repeal, and the substitution instead of the
Bill drawn up by the Hon. Member for Cork.
MAYNOOTH COLLEGE..
Mr. YOUNG presented a petition from the county of Cavan,
against the prs,posed increased grant to the Roman Catholic
College of Maynooth.
LIGHTING THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.
Mr. HUMS begged to give notice that he would, on Mon-
day Lott, call for the report of the expenses that had been in-
curred by the experiments made in lighting this House.
Captain PECH ELL gave notice that he would' on to-mor-
row put a question, in order to ascertain the number of places
in Wales in which petty sessions were holden ; also a question
relative to the Justices' Clerks' Bill.
Sir IV. CLAY gave notice of a motion relative to Messrs.
Smith's distillery case, the nature of which we could not
understand.

WINDOW TAX.
Lord DFNCAN gave notice of a motion for the purpose of
iquiring into the operation of the window-tax, and the mode
of applying the tea so levied.
THE PORTLAND VASE. •
The SOLICITOR-GENERAL gave notice of his intention
to move for leave to bring in a Bill for the protection of pro-
perty in the Museum and other public places..--( Hear, hear.)
POST.OFFICE ESPIONAGE.
Mr. WAKLEY moved that the petition from Finsbury re-
specting the Post-office, presented on the previous evening, be
printed.—Ordered.
,NEW ZEALAND COMPANY,
Mr. G. W. HOPE said that several charges against his
Noble Friend at the head of the Colonial-office had been made
in and out of that House, accusing that Noble Lord of a
breach of faith. The Government had Lot had as yet
any opportunity for vindication, for, on a previous occasion
when the subject was brought under their notice, it
was done in such a manner that though the
Government were indirectly accused they could not
enter into their defence. He had been informed that a peti-
tion was in course of preparation, and that several merchants
in the City had been solicited to sign it. These
petitions imputed to Noble Lord misconduct, and
breach of faith in relation to his c -induct
towards the New Zealand Company. He felt sure the
House would agree with him that it was only the
fair play which an Englishman had a right
to expect that when a charge was brought

THE. Su N, LONDON, FRID A Y EVENING, MARCH 14, 1845

there could be any malice implied by the law which could
affect more than one of the ten prisoners at the bar.
"Ls LODDSIIII' summed up in a very careful and compre-
hensive'addreas to the jury, which was listened to with the
profoundest attention.

- The jury consulted together, and returned an unanimous
verdict of " Gu:lty of Manslaughter" against the v, bolo of
the ten prisoners, Joseph Turv3y, Samuel Turvey, Francis
Dingley, George Brant, Thomas Hooper, John Cook, Joseph
Tandy, Thomas Collins, William Cosnett, and William
Bromfield.

His LORDSHIP said he would pass sentence tomorrow
morning.
The CoUrt then adjourned until nine o'clock to-morrow
morning.

•
farmers was such, that, unless some temediel measures
were adopted, they would be reduced to the utmost misery
and wretchedness. The accounts which he quoted cf
the state of these counties were not those that had come
within his own knowledge, but such as he had read, or
had been furnished with. It would appear that the
farmers in the, county of Suffolk might be somewhat
better off than those in Norfolk and Devonshire ; but
he would ask this House were not the Government in a
position somes hat embarrassing upon this position? lie
contended that they were, and that, therefore, they were
b"und to brig forward some remedial measure upon the
subject ; and he felt quite assured that if the Duke of
Buckingham were a Member of this House, he meet] do
as Lord Charidos had thine on a former occasion, namely,
to move a resolution to this effeet.--(Hear.) The next
point he would advert to was, What was the present state
of agricultural distress in those counties ? In endea-
vouring to ascertain the facts on this point, he had dis-
covered great discrepancies in the various accounts, and
in the causes of it. The Bight Hon. Baronet the First
Lord of the Treasnry had stated that these causes were
not owing to h gisletive errors. but to kcal causes; while
the Hon. Member for Dersetshire centereled that the
distress 14'nS great, and that it did arise from deficient
legislative measures. It had also been said, on the part
of the Government. that their corn law s1•-tem Lad bee n
steady in Its operation, and it hall been asked, had any
one been disappointed in the predictiens of the
'Government that such would be the result of their corn-
'aw measures. But at that time the price of corn was
156 s per quarter, and now le was elms n to 455.; and,
therefore, he would ask w that discrepancy could be
reconciled with the statement of the Government, who
head tsken so much credit to thee selves for har:ng con-
cocted a measure which would keep the price at 56e ?
—(Hear, hear.) He would ask, then, what was the
meaning of:h:sdeclaratioe, if it resulted in this fluetu,
thin of prices ?-•(Hear, hear.) There was a great de-
lusion abrered among the farmers on this suli, et, and it
was the duty of that llowe to dispel it. There was this
difference of opinion on that side of the House, and
there were Members on this side repreaent'ng import aet
censLituenies, who though,. the tiom, rs were suff rieg
because they had this legislative protection; there were
all these'differere es existing, and tie as not that sufficient
to make it a fit and proper subject or inquiry ? Ile was
ready to go into a Select Committee, and to pre duce
witnesses to show that the farmers had long been suffer-
ingeunder great I vils, a hich he would connect with the
corn-laws, though to some they might appear alto-
gether unconnected with them. The first great evil
Under which the farmers were labouring was
the want of capital. -No one denied it. It was
notorious that they laboured under a want of capital. Ile
did not say this in disparagement of the farmers ; they
Were of the same race, and if placed in the same situa-
tion as manufacturers and traders, would be as sueceseful
as men of business. But it was notorious that the farmers
suffered under a deficiency of capital ; and he would ask
how any business could be carried on successful), with-
nut it ?—(Hear, hear.) lion. Gentlemen acquainted
with farming would, perhapS, admit that 10/ per acre on
an arable farm was a competent capital fhr carrying on
the business of such a farm successfully ; that was a fair
capital for an arable farm. He had made many inquities
in all parts of the kingdom, and it was his decided con-
viction that at that moment the farmers did not average
51 per acre of capital on their landh--(Hear, bear.) Be
was speaking of England e he would take all England
south of the Trent, and though there were exceptions—
there were in every county men of large capital, men
farming their own land-ea-ea :taking it as a rule, bedid not
hesitate to state his opinion, and he was prepared
to-prove it by witnesses before the Committee, that
the farmers did not aVerage 5/. per acre of capital. Let
them only think what an evil this ?He gave them a
tract of country extending south and north, containing
20,000,000 of cultivatable acres, and there could be no
doubt there was a went of .100.000.000/ of capital upon
that land.—(Hear, hear.) What was meant by this ward
capital ? It meant more manure, more labour, more
cattle, and larger crops.—(Bear, hear.) Let the House
fancy a country in which they could say there was a de
ficiency of one halfof the blessings that might exist, and
then let them judge what tritest be the condition of the
labourer on it, wanting employment and food ?--,(11-ear,
hear.). Perhaps he should hear that capital was
abundant in the country ; then how was it in a country
possessing a plethora of capital, where every business
was so overflowing with it,, that it went to France for
railroads, and to Pennsylvania for bonds—(Hear, hear,
and laughter)--when it went to connect the Atlantic and
the Pacific: by cansls and railways—when it was sent to
the . bottom. of Mexican mines? How was it, when
die country was rich with - capital. to overflow-
ing, . when it was sent for investment to every
corner of the globe, that capital did not find
employment in .that most attractive of all forms, the
cultivation of the soil of the country. Admitting this,
they had not in England any cause, for not investing
their capital ; he helieved.that the measures they were
passing were calculated to. decrease the popularity the
Government had hitherto obtained. Now, with -regerd
to leases, he had found, in one lease, that the farmer was
bound by the. following covenants:—lle shall pay the
landlord 201 per statute acre for every acre of ground
conaerted for tilleee. He shag pay the landlord Si. ter
every load cf straw, or of manure not converted to the
uses of the farm. He shall pay the landlord 101. for
every tree rifler!, felled, lopped er topped. He shall pay-201.
for every person employed by him who shall in con-e-
-quence gam a a ttlem-ia in the parish.—(Hear, be ;r.)
He shalt pay lot per st outs- acre far ev, ry acre that he
shall ueder-1 t.- (Hear, hear.) He shall perform six-
'teen days' work in the y. am fee the iand'ord. He sled
keep for the landlord one dog one cecek, tied hen.—
(Laughter.) He shall melte no marl witheut the lend
lord's coesena• ice whine, and shell fill up the' pit,
whenever called upon so t4i'4o. Ile hall kill no sheep,
but such as is need fel- the consumption of his family.—
(Hear, bear.) New, what was such an ir-trum-nt as
that. It was a trap for the unwary.—(flear, ar.) it
was a barrier against men of irechigence and capital.
—(Eleat., hear.) It was a barrier against free men.—
(Hear, hear.) No man eoull farm property under such
a tease.—(hear, hear.) It was a pern'eet absurdity.
What were these leases in fact ? They were pert: ctly
antediluvian. 'When a leatee was required to be drawn
up, a lawyer's clerk took from a pigeon-hole one of theie
antiquated forms, which lied been in use for centuries,
and copiel into it all these absurd restrictions. They
did not give the farmer credit for the introduction of any
improvement. In fact, tine covenants of these leases were
such as absolutely to prohihit any attempt at improve-
ment.. Now, he observed the Hon. lkfernber for the Repe
af.Bramber cheering while he was Stating the covenants
in this lease. Now, let that Hon. Member look over his
own leases, and although .they might contain nothing
about dogs, or cocks, or hens, yet the covenants in them
would be found to be not one whit the less absurd, or the
less obstructive of all insprevement than the covenants
to which he had_ drawn the attention of the House.
Why did they not make these leases in the same manner
as they made le ores for menu factories or for
plants of business ? _ Why should not farmers
be permitted to .in prove. if they were desirous of
so doing? He . knew many- men who took
leases of manufactories for which. they' paid 1,000!. a
year. He knew some.who paid 4,000/. a year. There
was an Hon. Gentleman near him who paid 4,000!. a year
rent for his manufactory. e New, what was theoiature of
his lease ? Did they think that there was any covenant
introduced into that, staring the exact number of revo-
lutions that every spindle was to make in a minute ?
(Cheers and lauehter.) He was rather disposed to think
that the Anti Corn law League was likely to form a
joint-stock association, and have nobody but free-traders
members of it. They would have a model-farm in the
'most princely agricultural county in England, in which,
no doubt, there was the greatest need of it—perk epa
in Buckinghamshire.--(Laughter.) They would have
a model hoinesread, a model cottaze, a model
Orden, and would place the whole in the hands of a
man of intelligence, skill, and capital. But his great de-
sire would be to have a model lease. When this security
would be given to him, he would net have the slightest
fears .for the payment of the rent. The lease would be
without clause or and if the tenant should
make more by ploughing it, why let hini plough it. And
if ho wished tee grow white crops every year, ho should
be atiiherty to dose.—(lronical cheers been the Ministes.
vial benches.) Hon-curable Members did not • seem
to approve of this, but he knew several farmers
in this country- who farmed--m- this manner. The
tenant would of cmisse be required to leave the land in
as good condition as when he. became possessed of . it;
and if it were deteriorated in_ value, he e ould give a•
;lover of making him pay the amount of deterioration.
If on the contrary, the land was in a superior condition,
he would oblige the landlord to retntin, rate him.—(Hear,
hear, from the Opposition benches.) He would give the
tenant absolute control over the wild as well as over the
tame animals. There would be no ganiekeeper or
sportsman pro*ling about to annoy him. He would
make the payment of rent the sole test ef the tenant's
well doing. It had been said by rent Heneurable
Member on a previous occasion, that it was very
well to preach about leases, but some farmers. would not
have leases.—(Cheers.) lion. Gentlemen might cheer
that, but what was the fact—the tenant did not choose
leases because he had bek rendered servile and de-
graded by their abject treatment, and did not want to
beindependent. Professor Low said, The argument
has again and2again been used against the extension of
leases that the. tenants themselves set no value upon
them ; but to how different a conclusion ought the ex-
istence of such a feeling amenget the, tenantry of a
country to conduct us I - The fact itself shows that the
absence of leases-nrey-rendereatenantry ign 'rant of- the
means of employing their Own capital with advantage—
indisposed to the exertions which improvem, nts demand,
and better contented with urn easy rent, and dependent
condition, than. with the prospect of an independence, to
be earned by increased exertion." It might be said
this state of things was not connected with the corm-
laws or protection. He had received the following
letter on the subject, from Mr. Hayter, M.P., which 'he
would" read. Mr. .Hayter says, "The more I see of, and
practise agriculture, the more firmly am I convinced
that the whole unemployed labour of the country could,
under a 'better sylteru of husbandry, be advantageously
put into operation ; and moreover, that the corn-laws
have been one of the principal causes of the present
system of bad farming, and consequent pauperism.
Nothing short of their entire removal will ever induce
the. average farmer to rely. upon anything else than the
Legislature for the payment of his rent ; -his belief
being that all rent is paid by. Corn, and nothing else than
corn, and that the Legislature can, by enacting corn-
laws, create a price which will make his rent easy. The
day of their. (the corn-laws) entire abolition, ought to
be a day of jubilee and rejoicing to every man in-
terested in laud."—(Cries of " Hear, hear.'") He would
not stop to connect the cause and effect, whether the
corn-laws were the occasion- of .the absence of capital
among the farmers and their want of leases.. They
adopted a system of legislation in that House which pre-
cluded the necessity of his entering into these arguments.
After thirty years' trial, what could be said of these
corn-laws ?. That they had been a cause of the de-
pregsion which prevailed' aptcultural districts and

--
that it was high titre to try if some other and bettr-rris
tern cot:ld ot be devised. He contended that and
in corn mould he more advantageous to the fsreso. dee
the agricultural labturer ; nay, mere bencfleislel iecotr
than to any other class cf the community. fst
eistent was it in tl e Right Hon. Baronet to aut ad
cattle which sold at Smithfield at a nominel (!4°,Yt'esed,
refuse to admit the food with which they were latrd'e
He (Mr. Cebden) said, give a free trade in cern,
can make cattle fat at home. He contended thatv)ool
protective system farmers throughout the eanntetle
rendered more ignorant of the it own interests tut /vs
other class. Lit the House consider the Eigb nare
Batanet's policy. Take the article of clover for 'll!coub'
There was now a higher duty upon it. How man} are
ties were benefited by the preteetian of clover tonere
land imported cover from England. Be would aolei
to say that not ten comities in England were nets, sot
in the importation of' the er. Certainly. Ireland e',./eet
Take the article of le ans--in the rich districts :awe
they grew wht at awl turnips. The cultivatien gait
tvas very te.d. In Wiltshire they could l'i°o'.osni
beans enough fur their own censumption. ll° ii'
counties were exporters of burns?--v'e'ry' few rte'
nvoirw,uld be benefited by the unrestricted I,etareal
Lion ef them? Efen where they were grown n(Vnier
quan hies, and en strong soils, they were notri of
export:uion in one case out of ten. Thenl'Je;eatass.
fitrtners grew beans—not for sale, but for bon' e aeolo,
eumption—aed, theretore, it did
-not matter:l7o
what the money price was. Take next the" oases
oats. How many farmers calculated lir° heir
a means of paying their rent—a verY,d Olt
nifieant number. They grew oats to feTerte es
hersee, and for domestic cousureptiom pet'
regarded the article of hops grown .in Kent an roy for
Wercestersitire. Was it worth while to tax so iegie ests
the benefit of the few ? Then ae to cheese. Thecesese'
not one fauns( r ten who manufactured his own root
Cheese- was manufactured in Che-hire, Gloueebtreeece
Wil.shire, and partially in Dertty-hire tiedere
shire. %Vero these diets:• mataeacturers miliitg
cope
dure the duty up, n nuts. in order to have doll. fatten
? Ile thought not. They wished hie)
the-ir .cattl,, and have oats (lets. free.--:Bear.
Take the wheel, district of Wales, the Domes oi eett
shire and Suss• x, the Cheviot ills and the GraalPe•q,
where the fleck masters were, a-rd they e-ould
all es chit, , t",'-'e are not benetitt dby your pr"l°,, ,and
Whet they %vented was. provender of the ebt'are;ee
best kind, which they soul ; only have by ti'e
nablsd
portation of the artiel,,. Thus they would beTth-e fsr
to fatten the r c.ttle and f,rtilise their lands. , ,orst'le
users Ilillfordshire and Sussex, who are rnosleeet-
farmers, were deeply interested in having a freelwwcato
ation of food for their cattle. Their chief object, 04
fertilise the land, which, Ruder the present Wit(l,l.;etieal
could cot do. lie had conversed with sievere' P-ss en'
farmers in various parts of EnAland, whose vie trdee
r
tirely coincided with his on the subject of tralteata
A Mr. Nathaniel Hatherton, a farmer in 1
as-ured him that, upon 400 acres of land lie 100
crease his profits to the amount of 280 L, paYing ruitietl
rent as at present, peovided there was a free in3Vay su",
of foreign grain of all kinds. He would bwor
(piasters of eats at 155., Or' the same amount inteediari'Je
peas at 14s. or 15s, a sack, to be fea-aonstlut. psi 16"
A.OO
the yard, by hich he would grow 10'3 lesitivg
quarters of wheet and 230 quarters bale)", and Jr
increase d profit of 3001. upon his sheep and catt
plan embraced the employment of an additional
ra lostaf;
of 1,0004, and he would pay 150/. a year ore for 0,00
Another farmer, Mr Lattimore, areestintelligent.e er
who stood as high in public estimation as ail e
Hertfordshire, said that last year he paid POiteg,*ee the,
harmed price on beetle and oats, in consequen ous for
restrictions: In short, the farmers were as. Wile! cell'
a free trade in corn as the members of the- list/
law League themselves. He could enumerate atode
of farmers who were as much in favour of files bar
principles-as he (Mr. Cobden) was. Upward_ ge,,Pel e°,l/.1,;
Bred farmers were subscribers to the Leaue t-ealinti;
prising some of the most intelligent men to be On
the kingdom. Last year he paid a visit to the m"-idpe
and had ieterviews with twenty-twO
whom paid more than 1,000/. a year rent. elhaleree°
two or three days there, and never met wilus; 'to °'
more people. They were all adverse corn
strictions. They said, "Let us have laditlitie, ijg
Egyptian beans and Polish oats to feed our ell-A,
then we can compete with any country in the W°Pie di°
was the greatest absurdity to deal with coffee Celt
fartnerclis be,
way they at present did. They sent coffee
to the Caae of Good Hope, in order to bring, osdit/
again under the law.; but it was. not a greater auht,sy eke
than to send ships to lehaboe for guano, whilstla ostfhe
eluded the Indian corn, Egyptian beans, and P°l-. Mel;
whieh would be productive of a thousand tire° eon'
nefit.-- (Loud cries of " Hear, hear.") Tlleocade%
Corn.law Leegue had hern reproached with to!! otiou
ksystein which' would throw land out of eultv;thel
but his pinion was, that, so far from doieg ,e be
would make prior land productive. D. not let Ittieetiell
that they desired to draw labourers from the etiv 13c;
ofthe soil, in order to obtain cheaper labour Rabeo9-
torie,,.• -Let. the landlord and farmer act on
(i,.be
na
principle as the manufacturers, and there wo'iLa
idle hands in the rural districts. A great deal "I;liere„
said about disturbing the revenue, het he -cef th
duet neither the revenue nor the sgricultutetii the
ceuntry would . be permanently , settled 111.!dal t
corn lews-a ere abolished. It was pretty ele3r
condition of time labourers ceuld not be much depre lose
Alen with wages of 7s. a we, k had not much t'llo be
It was further stated that the 'manufacturers sh°,o.
most enxieus for the Wt M ire; of the -aerieulturmo-by {et
cause the home con.umption ormanufactures o
the b--t. Ile admitted that the interests °f n'eenllcs,fl
lure and . agricultere were in a great degree 'deers
and because lie was anxious to promote the interoula;
beech lie wished a free trade in corn. 14°"ceee
pauperized rural district—for paupers the,' le ever.
must be en 7s. a week. purchase from the mann %At to
Wile, they had exported more of manufactured g_ after
one year then had n consumed yeer;$0011:
year, by the whole .of tile agricultural 7,Peoe rob(
lie did not believe that throughtett the sio"erioee
land and Wales, if' they might take the c%Petereegeb;
the o,
last few years, that any labourer c;,eamete as 0, the
out the agricultural districts msnufaetured
Be th i gn°e
fr tete
rate of more than 6s. 61. per annum. n
which he had seen, tire agricultural poptilatient year,
consume more than a million and a half Ps_eeiseob.e
and if they referred to the consumption of e ori
thy would find that, on an averas'e• rate °
he
cultural labourer consumed more than -after ti's a ee
15s. the year; and that if the whole amounlL";ect to the
calculated of those articles which were sut rt.
excise duties consumed by the peasantry, tutiierefT";
would not be more than 700,0001. He would' itelltla
unhesitatingly assert, if there were to be a" ad "ono
of' the present system, the gentry of Fog
have t`u. i.eg
have nothing to risk by the chance. Quite, ct
he, that there was nothing to risk by inetierai% tertalaee
the last session there had been great belie` e- 13st
that much was to be feared from competition. de tbst
believed that after his statements were Ine.,the
all the assertions which had been made to erj'ilott,l,:
fear would go for nothing, It was apprelietwe °f coy
the ports were opened for the free importation
voteitik
that corn itself' would be pro Cured for next to
But this session, he believed, would be the lesl,lsPoise,/
such a feeling would be entertained. If twent)e„emel'ee`
were imposed upon a quarter of corn, ititts,.t ottBnot
the price to the people of this country totueb of
en
But it was not to be supposed that if °ethr taken
twenty shillings-were-to be reduced, or alt', fill' n
off, that the price of corn would necessarilYol
extent of that reduction. The fact was, that dottb,,.o,
corn introduced into this country bore
elosif;
character.—(Hear.) The chief part of it .„ore ih
Dantzic, and the price at Dantzie was nothin°e`_"„ of
a neirinal pricea--a price ruled by the cendltiOeurneslie,:i
cumstances in this country. But the price 'of eeie 00'4
introduced into this country was a real price.
,':',soeesee
ask the Hen: Gentleman to refer to the circuin, als
1838. During July and August in that Stei:ie case
there appeared a prospect of a bad harvest friietPles
try, wheat, before that knowledge became a earlsee the
little more than 20s. while in December; 7re" (141.17,
knowledge became.a fact, and the country w
large supplies, whet rose to nearly double th_at
ieeftrihCel
And, if lion. Gentlemen would tax their me 1.0910, r
would recolltet that during the three follow'" '"at
1839-40-41, the price of wheat at Dantzic range, iniene,,
—Meer, hear ) The leaders of the agrieultureteotee.,:
'did not allow their tenantry to partake of thaotteivtbea.,..
which they seemed so assiduously to desire ter_eraell,
(Hear, hear.) As an exempification of this
_ese,' be, fee
he would refer to the conduct of the Hon. Ale bar
th
Shoreham (Sir C. Burrell). Ile was the chairietusoojeti;
National Flax awl Agricultural Improveme° or, of to
Ile (Mr. Cobden) held ,n his hand the first leP, e 5110,,
state of the flax agricultural population and the
granbe surprised if, after the complete digestion 0' toa
• to -fAvia
inents in that report, the Ministry ventured gr. 11
ioniser about protection.—(Hear, hear.) field had ei",,
paid a visit to Sussex some time a .o. on. 9
the lion. n)
opportunity of hearing the opinions of
ronet the Member for Shoreham. Now he 011.,1::e',°obli°e-sl..
felt a great interest in Sussex. and he svas genioneec4
the opportunity- of citing authority of alle_"..rjbla P_ed
tionable character. He hoped the TioneOL'it ossu'
ronet would forgive him—indeed he le ,
o
rneerre-1 sty
the he would - forgive him—if he -Lice
sity
the circumstances of a certain dinner, wou_rlnivers_n,
pointed for the purpose of celebrating th
0: the er.eof
of this iSieoCiation, After the usual toasts
tilt „stureth,
ing, the Hoe. Baronet had given as the grtiatiloen °fees;
the day," Success to the flax-growing Potter of w,fet.,
country."
,/Ctiw, what was the fact—a quarts foe toe
was precisely of the same value as cwt- 'of 20i.1.if
on a quarter of wheat they imposed a tiutY_i. ia. ;'$
on a cat. of flax they imposed a duty u
might perhaps. say, that this was all
was nee. scary to impose such a utl - why, bah
ve,rytvtreeen
because it came from abroad•
w,eile is. 0
whole. of the flax; or nearly the "`
the 1-3°ltic'zie'
was consumed in the country, came from Dant.o
well as the wheat which we received ~;"itronet, tea
Now, according to the notions of the Hon:. "much asilid
protection on flour ought to be tale° se aneonetr_a
wheat. He expected to hear that the Ileon;esv 0;i,
Wilted agitator, in order to restore th
gem/5, a at or
Yet what was his surprise to see in the a _ doubtes
after, and that positively stated, without Dospono
circumlocution in the assertion, that the t!eue"ar,
had forbidden his tenantry to gross flax, (L.in existe;'‘,
lie was aware that there was te, prejudice u wsete
that the growth of flax was injurious. B. e eteliesadojid
prejudice very much like other prejudices, n eattut7ee,
but little foundation; and he believed that..tn_L labour
6,
it would tend to ice rove the condition oltl'ivaboarefro
What was the condition of the agricultural
erfrults..o
the present time ? .He believed that the 7111evig°eurt
labourer was in less distress, and that this
had arisen solely from the low price of Wa•inve46
•
that in the manufacturing, districts it "saws]. l'ver
able rule that wages varit d with the price of orne
when food was low the position of the worktnenionuel
proved ; and he re.:oiced to find that the
tri O.IP
labourer was in a better state, and he 66 't