The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-22 00:00:00

It Will be seen, from the news received by
the Hamburgh mail, that great rejoicings took
place at Warsaw, on the arrival of the Em-
peror NICHOLAS at the capital of the ancient
kingdom of Poland. The city was illuminated
for three successive nights, in honour of the
Sovereign who had battered it to pieces, who
had sent to Siberia hundreds of the bravest
sons of Poland, and who, in defiance of the
Trraty of Vienna, is adopting measures for
making that country an integral portion of the
Russian empire. Any condition is prefer-
able to that of brave men and beautiful
women who are compelled to conceal sentiments
dearest to their hearts, and worship their de-
stroyer. We should have thought that the EH.,
PEROR would have spared that gallant nation
this last humiliation, and not insisted on a
mockery which degrades both the actor and the
sufferers. But Poland cannot be kept down.
She has the sympathies of every civilized State,
and the day will yet come when she will avenge
herself on those who fomented her domestic
quarrels, who encouraged the father to fight
against the son, and, in the general confusion,
made the country their prey. Prussia and Aus-
tria seem not at all satisfied with their share of
the plunder; and Russia will find, at no distant
period, that PROVIDENCE will visit the sins of
the fathers upon the children, and require an
atonement for deeds that excite alike the indig
nation of Heathens and Christians.

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COURT CIRCULAR.
WiNusou, FRIDAY.—The Earl of 'Wilton and the
Earl of Aberdeen took their departure from the Castle
yesterday, and Captain Francis Seymour left to-day.
This morning her Majesty and her Illustrious 'Con-
sort eu!oyed their accustomed early walk in the
Home Park and Slopes.
Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and
the Princess Royal were taken their usual airings to-
day, accompanied by the Dowager Lady Lyttelton.
In the afternoon her Majesty and Prince Albert
took an airing, attended by the Royal suite, including
the Countess of Dunmore, Hon. Georgiana Stanley,
and the llon. Clementine Hamilton.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, at-
tended by Lady Charlotte Dundas and Sir George
Couper, Bart., will join the Royal circle at the Castle
at dinner, this evening.

Her. Royal Highness the Duchess of Gloucester is
honouring Lord and Lady Wharneliffe with a visit, at
their seat, Wortley Hall, Yorkshire.
The Lord Chancellor ari;ved in town yesterday
morning, from Brighton.
Count Reventlow, the Danish Minister, transacted
business yesterday, at the Foreign-office.
Baron de Nieumann transacted business on Thurs-
day, at the Office of the Board of Trade.

ERRATUM.--In our notice yesterday of Dr. Ryan's
lecture at the Polytechnic institution, for " the at-
traction of cohesion has, in a great measure, been
occasioned by the expansive power of heat," reLd
"orercome."

Pnrcz or BREAM—Government, it is said, con-
template a measure for securing a uniform stated price
of bread ; and it is certain that the Inspectors of Cc rn
Returns, in their various localities, have been making
inquiries as to its price, in consequence of orders issued
from the Excise and Board of Trade Offices, requiring
" an account of the price of the quartern loaf (or the
four-pound, as the case may be), and of fine fk
during the week to which the last return applies."—
Stamford Mercury.

wines and brandies, and believe that both the
health and morality of our people would be im-
proved by allowing the wines of France free
access into this country; yet it cannot be denied
that as long as such an enormous revenue is
levied by the Customs, that wines and brandies
are as appropriate articles to tax as almost any
that are imported. If the duties on them be not
fairly and justly app6rtiOned to other commodi-
ties, let them be fairly adjusted ; but the bulk of
the community would have great reason to com-
plain if duties were lowered on wines, which
are the luxuries of the rich, while they are
maintained in all their rigour on the bread, the
cotton, and the sugar, which go to feed and
clothe the pour. For the sake, therefore, of
forcing a sale of a little more linen-yarn and
bar-iron in France, to the exclusive benefit
nearly of master iron and woollen manufactu-
rers, it will not be just to relieve wine
drinkers from their fair share of taxation,
and continue the heavy burdens on the
food and clothing of the bulk of the labourers.
This is only an illustration, but the reasoning
extends to every article on which it may be pro-
posed to alter the duties, in order to meet the
views of France. Either those duties are now
fairly levied, and it would be scandalous to alter
them, and inflict an injustice, however trifling,
on some portion ()four people, to promote a trade
with France, not to their exclusive advantage,—
or they are unfitirly levied, and it is equally
scandalous in the Government not to act justly
towards its own people till doing that shall plea.
sure France.
There are, perhaps, sonic: yet higher conside-
rations connected with the subject. There used
to be amongst our statesmen—and Conservative
statesmen, in particular, rather gloried in it—an
idea of duty. They had, or professed, to have, a
great respect for the duties of their station, and
expressed n strong determination to perform
their duties to their country. We hope that
that idea has not been extinguished, and that
amongst them there are yet some who will
shut out views of tealporary, and ill-to-calculate
expediency, and resolve to do what their
duty to their country demands. What is
that. duty in relation to commercial treaties?
Is it to make our laws dependent on those of an-
other State ? Is it to ask France whether we
may levy a shilling or two more or less on the
wine which our own people drink? Is it to ask
Brazils or the United States what tax we may
levy on sugar, or cotton, or tobacco ? We
affirm that it is not; but commercial treaties, of
necessity, make our legislation contingent and
dependent on the assent of foreign countries;
and commercial treaties, therefore, strike at the
independence of the State. Conservative states-
men have been willing to starve their country-
men—nay, they have starved a great number—
in order to preserve, according to their fashion,
the presumed independence of the country, and
they will not, we are sure, be ready to bind their
own idol with the chains of a commercial treaty.
We agree, therefore, with Mr. DEACON
HUME in condemning commercial treaties.
We say with him, "Levy such Customs'
duties as you require for the State, with
a due regard to the interest of your own people ;
study that as your primary, or rather sole, ob-
ject ; do to your own people what ftirness and
justice require; protect all honest commerce, bu
bind not yourselves-down by commercial treatie
to a line of conduct which must be unjust to some
portion of your own subjects in order to please
another State."

' We are quite aware that such opinions do not
accord with the wishes of the manufacturing in-
terest. Some of its journals are rather urgent
for the Government to negotiate new commercial
( treaties. That such treaties might for the pre-
sent promote the prosperity of the woollen ma-
nufacturers and linen yarn spinners we will not
deny, but it would be at the expense of the rest
of the community. We are not now to learn
that the manufacturers are no more to be impli-
citly relied on than the landlords, when they
would determine the policy of the nation
by what they suppose would promote their
advantage. The protecting policy, in fact, which '
they so justly rue and so loudly deplore, which is
ruining them now that it is applied to the pro-
duce of land, is, in truth, the policy of the manu-
facturers, and was made the policy of she State
by their reiterated demands. Protection is the
ricketty bantliniof what is called the commer-
cial system. To call for protection, let us tell
the manufacturers, implies dependence, and at
once places that commerce, which ought to be
free, with which Government ought not to in-
terfere, under the hoof of patronising, restrict-
ing, and spoliating statesmen. Some of the
Paris journals arc hostile to a commercial treaty
with _England, and we confess a similar hostility
to a commercial treaty with France, for the
reasons we have assigned, whiCh are totally dif-
ferent from those of jealousy and hatred, which,
we regret to see, continue to animate our Paris
brethren.

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