The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-03 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY MORNING, SEPTEMIIER -3, 1842.

SAFE ARRIVAL --OF• THE QUEEN

IN SCOTLAND.

{From an Express Edition of the Caledonian Mercury.)

HER MAJESTY LN THE FORTH.

THURSDAY MORNING--TwO o'Clock, A.M.—We
have just learned that her Alajesty, with the Royal
Squadron, passed Dunbar last night (Wednesday),
about ten-o'clock. A battery placed at Dunbar har-
bour, for the express" purpose, fired a Royal salute,
Which vas acknowledged by several rockets from the
Royal ssnairon. --
ARRIVAL OF THE ROYAL SQUADRON
IN THE ROADS.
_ . GOD SAVE THE QUEEN !

Three o'Clock, A.M.—Our reporter, who went
down in the Monarch to meet the Royal squadron,
has just arrived,- and we learn that this fine vessel,
belonging to the General Steam Navigation Company,
when off St. Abb's Head, was the first to descry the
Royal squadron. The Monarch then proceeded on
her course, and met the Royal fleet off Eyemouth.
At that time the wind was N.W., and the Royal
George yacht was towed by two steamers—the
Black Eagle and the Shearwater. Immedi-
ately behind was the Rhadamanthus and the Trinity
yacht steamer Vesta. The Royal George, in order
to steady her, had her jib, flying-jib, forestaysail, and
driver set, the wind blowing on the larboard
bow. The Monarch then put round, and in excellent
style delivered a Royal salute (21 guns) ; afterwards
this vessel took her position at a respectful distance
alongside the Royal yacht. A cry then succeeded to
man the yards, and to stand by, to give three
cheers with a will. These were given with a hearty
and enthusiastic effect. At this timi it was
ebserved that her Majesty was reclining on a couch
between the main and mizenmast, while his Royal
Highness Prince Albert was pacing the deck close
by. The cheering must have been distinctly heard
on boOrd the Royal George yacht, as her Majesty
was observed to rise and graciously acknowledge
the loyal demonstrations by repeated acknowledg-
ments: Prince Albert was standing at the foot of the
couch, and immediately behind the couch was a naval
officer, whom we supposed to be Lord Adolphus
Fitzclarence, the Commander of the Royal yacht,
Her Majesty wore a tartan shawl and pink bonnet.
About this time the Trident steamer, belonging to
the General Steam Navigation Company, came up
from Granton ; the Monarch and Trident then drop-
ped astern, and fell into the wake of the Royal squad-
ron. In this manner they proceeded for some time,
when it was proposed on board the Monarch to get
up a Scottish reel. Shortly after this active and
national festivity commenced, we could distinctly ob-
serve Prince Albert drawing the attention of her
Majesty to the gay scene, in which the Royal party
seemed to be greatly interested.
Night was now drawing on, and lights were
hoisted at the foremast, topmast, mizenmast, mizen-
peak, and a brilliant one below the main-cap. The
Monarch, about ten miles to the eastward of Inch-
keith, left the Royal squadron, which was now hug-
ging the southern shore, with the apparent intention
of taking the inner passage. At half-past one o'clock
the Monarch arrived off Granton, and it was then
supposed the Royal squadron had anchored in
Aberlady Bay.

At all events it is now certain that the landing will
take place this forenoon. We have heard that the
Town Council are summoned to meet at half-past ten
o'clock this day.

At half- past one his Grace the Duke of Buccleuch,
accompanied by his brother, Lord John Scott, rode
down to Granton Pier, and were anxiously looking
out for tidings of the Royal squadron at the time the
Monarch arrived and fired her signal gun. His Grace
was still on the pier when we were obliged to leave, at
half-past two o'clock.

ANOTHER ACCOUNT.
At twelve o'clock on Wednesday night the
Royal George yacht, in which was her Majesty,
cast anchor off Portobello, to the south of the
port of Leith., about six miles below Granton
Pier, amidst the blaze of bonfires from all parts
of the adjacent country.

ARRIVAL OF HER MAJESTY
AT EDINBURGH.

By the following notice from a Correspondent at
Berwick-on-Tweed, we may safely conclude that
the Royal Squadron reached its destination early
on Thursday morning. The weather had been very
thick and hazy on Tuesday :

BERWICK-ON-TWEED, Ana. 31.
WEDNESDAY, SIX O'CIA)Cit P.m.—The Royal
Squadron is now passing. Wind N.N.W., very fine
weather. • W. S.
QU

EEN'S VISIT TO SCOTLAND.
EDINBURGH, WEDNESDAY NIGHT.—It would be
difficult to give you anything like an adequate idea
of the excitement that has prevailed here the whole of
the day. As regards business, the day has been all
but a dies non. The few shops open might as well
have been closed, as almost the entire of the popula-
tion turned out of doors in their holiday dress imme-
diately after breakfast, and kept promenading the
streets through which the Royal procession was ex-
pected to pass till the evening was far advanced.
Those who had secured seats, in many instances took
Possession of them at an early hour, and exhibited
the utmost patience while any hope remained of her
Majesty's arrival.
The following notice, which was posted up in the
course of the day, gave considerable satisfaction, as
putting an end to the uncertainty and doubt, and to
repoits of an at:verse nature, which have prevailed for
the last two or three days :
" The Lord Provost, Magistrates, and Town Coun-
cil are happy to announce to their fellow citizens,
that a deputation of their number have this moment
arrived from Dalkeith Palace, after having had an in-
terview with the Duke of luccleuch, the Earl of
Aberdeen, and Sir Robert Peel, who assured them
that her ajesty would be prepared to adopt any ar-
rangements as to her progress through the city that
would be most gratifying to the inhabitants of Edin-
burgh. If her Majesty should not have power to
land before five o'clock, her entry and progress through
the city will be delayed until to-morrow, when she
will enter the city by the Barrier-gate, at Brandon-
street, as formerly announced.
(Signed) " JAMES FORREST,
" Lord Provost."
This announcement gave unmixed satisfaction, for
an impression had gone abroad that her Majesty was
averse to any public entry, and would most likely,
upon landing, drive in a close carriage to Dalkeith
Palace.
The opinion entertained at present is, that her Ma-
Ray will not reach Granton till an early hour to-
morrow morning,. The General Steam Navigation
company's ship the Trident, arrived here about twelve
o'clock to-day, and the Captain (Sharp) reports that_
he sailed with the Royal squadron on Monday morn-
ing, and that he continued in company till , off Har-
wich, where the ships had arrived about six in the
evening. The Royal George was then in tow of the
steam-ships Black Eagle and Shearwater, accom-
panied by the Monkey and Rhadamanthus. A thigh
fog: '3,11'. was at that time coming on, when the Trident
shot ahead, and continued her voyage to Granton.
,„
he Royal squadron was then sailing at the rate of
6 to 7 miles an hour. The wind was blowing
from the north-west, and none of the frigates
'were in sight. I had a conversation with a gentleman
'ho came passenger in the Trident confirmatory. of
the above. He also stated that the Trident, during
the fog, had frequently to throw off steam and slacken
her Way. It is obvious, therefore, that her Majesty
cannot arrive at Granton till some time to-morrow
in? Vg. Come when she may, she is sure of re-
celviak a most enthusiastic welcome. The weather
still continues fine.
GRANTOR PIER, WEDNESDAY.—Throughout the
(jay thousands have resorted to this neighbourhood,
in expectation of witnessing the landing of her Majesty
and her Royal Consort.
The Duke of Buccleuch arrived at half-past one
ere
front Dalkeith, and many of the nobility and gentry
opresent in their carriages ; among whom were
~:erred Lord Frederick Fitzclarence • Countess of
'T emyss and March and Ladies Charteris, Viscount
Alelville, Lord Elcho, Earl of Rosebery, Marquis of
Breadalbane, Duke and Duchess of Roxburgh, &c.The Frith of Forth presented an exceedingly mi-
litated appearance, from the number of craft on its
broad surface, dressed with signal and our national
flags, in addition to several fine steamers, likewise
adorned
with their variegated colours.
Yhe
Royal stud and carriages came from Dalkeith
this morning, in order to be in waiting for the re-
mtion of the Queen and the members of the Royal
household in attendance on her Majesty and Prince
Albert- They are now to remain at Granton for to-
night.

DALKEITH PALACE, WEDNESDAY.—There was
some disappointment experienced among the inhabit-
ants of Dalkeith and the surrounding villages this
afte'noon by the non-arrival of the Queen and Prince
Albert, for it was a general holiday, and hundreds
had collected at the King's entrance to the demesne of
the Duke of Buccleuch, and along the Leith-read.
In addition to the Earl of Aberdeen and Sir Robert
reel, Lord and Lady John Scott, Lady Caroline

Thynne, Mr. Edward Drummond, and the Earl and
Countess of Cawdor have arrived.
The above select circle was to have formed the
dinner party this evening, in addition to the suite in
attendance on the Queen.

The dinner to-morrow was to have received a large
accession, covers for 40 were to be laid; but owing to
the Queen and Prince Albert not landing to-day, the
arrangements will, no doubt, be somewhat altered.

the dockyard, amounted to 6,804 cubic feet, or 136
tons, from the Royal George, and 2,187 cubic feet, or
444 loads, from Tracy's lighter. An additional quan-
tity of iron ballast, &c. was also recovered. Major-
General Pasley was anxious that the whole of the
timber got up this year should remain till the end of
the season, but there literally was not room for it,
without inconvenience to the service of the dockyard,
and therefore the portion above-mentioned was sold
as a matter of necessity.
The only serious accident that occurred was to pri-
vate Williams, of the Royal Sappers and Miners;
whose air pipe burst whilst he was at the bottom.
The fracture took place above water, and as soon as
a loud hissing noise drew attention to it, he was
hauled up by his breast-line, and sent immediately to
Haslar Hospital, where he was skilfully treated and
came out of hospital in 25 days,, and immediately re-
commenced diving again, neither he -nor. the other
divers being disheartened by this accident, which was
owing to iron wire having been used internally to
stiffen the air-pipe, which corroded into a mass of rust;
a circumstance not to have been foreseen till expe-
rience drew attention to it, because salt water does
not penetrate into the air-pipes whilst being used.
The same accident happened last year to private Ca-
meron, who was also disabled for some time, but is
now one of the most active divers. Williams, how-
ever, was soon obliged to leave off, having renewed
this laborious occupation at too early a period of his
convalescence. A large block in No. 4 lighter broke,
and in falling struck against Mr. Clewitt, the fore-
man of rigging, and grazed two other men also, but
luckily without injuring them severely. Corporal
Harris was twice annoyed, and Corporal Jones once,
by a dead body—probably drowned less than a year
ago--in a state of -decomposition, but not abso-
lutely a skeleton, having clothes upon it, which
came in contact with them, having drifted with the
tide into a sort of basin made by the removal of the
lower part of Tracy's wreck ; but though they came
up in a state of agitation on first meeting with it, they
soon went down again, and finally it was got up by
Corporal Harris, and towed out of the way by a boat
and sunk after attaching a pig of ballast to it. From
the wreck of the Royal George much fewer remains
of the unfortunate crew have been brought up than
might have been expected, only one perfect skull hav-
ing been found this season. An 18-pounder iron gun
was got up by Private Cleghorn on Saturday, the
27th ultimo, being the first recovered this season, but
if the accounts furnished by the Ordnance-office at
the commencement of these operations are correct,
there ought still to remain twenty brass guns at the
bottom.

More than 4,0001 b. of gunpowder have been fired
against the wreck of the Itoyal George this season,
chiefly in small explosions, not usually exceeding
701 b. • but whenever charges of about 2001 b. were to
be fired, red flags were hoisted on the Success frigate
hulk, as well as on the mooring lighter, some hours
before, as a signal. All persons or families who wish
to see the divers go down and send up timbers, &c.,
are received on board the lighters on asking permis-
sion of the officer superintending, who is present
the whole of each tide. More than 100 men are con-
stantly at work, for whom the divers find ample em-
ployment.

LITERATURE.
RUSSIA AND THE RUSSIANS IN 1842.
Vol. I. Colburn, London, 1842.

We have read many descriptions of St. Peters-
burgh within the last four years, but none so copious
and circumstantial as those contained in this volume,
which is the production of M. Kohl, and forms the
first portion of an elaborate work on the present
social and political condition of Russia. The author,
who resided for a considerable time in that conntry,
appears—so far as we can venture to form an opinion
—to have discussed his subject in a spirit of perfect
impartiality, and is certainly anything but superficial
in his accounts. He describes, not merely the exter-
nal aspects of St. Petersburgh—its streets, palaces,
quays, shops, promenades, &c. ; but gives us an insight
into the domestic habits and manners of its inha-
bitants, such as could only have been gained by one
who had been admitted, as it were, behind the scenes.
As regards the site of the Russian capital, he tells us
that not a city in the world stands on more dangerous
ground, for if a violent west wind should take place
in the spring, simultaneously with the highest tides
and the breaking of the ice, all its fortresses and
palaces would be demolished, and the entire capital
perish in the floods. This reflection, he adds, wrings
the heart of many an inhabitant of St. Petersburgh,
their only hope resting on the improbability that
those three requisites for the certain accomplishment
of their destruction—the breaking up of the ice, high
tides, and a violent west wind—will ever occur con-
jointly. As for partial inundations, these, it seems,
are of frequent occurrence in the capital, and in many
parts are so frequent and sudden, that companies, on
breaking up at night, if the wind has meanwhile
shifted, find the streets overflowed, and are unable, in
consequence, to return to their homes. We subjoin
:tome interesting particulars respecting the great flood
which took place in November, 1824 :
The water rose quite gently and-innocently, as it does
in all inundations at Petersburgh, since they cannot pro-
ceed from accidents ; and many people in remote parts
of the city, not hearing the alarm-guns, and suspecting
no harm, wondered to see the bright water glistening in
the streets. Thousands did not suspend their occupa-
tions on account of it, but drove and waded through ; and
hundreds forfeited their lives for their simplicity. Pro-
pelled by a most furious west wind, the water continued
to rise, and at length rushed through the streets with
such force as to carry away carts and equipages, pour-
ing through doors and, windows into the ground floors of
houses, and rising in thick columns through the open-
ings of drains. The distress was greatest in Basilius
Island, and the Petersburgh side, on which latter island
many people of the lower class live in small and by no
means solid houses. Many a wooden building was lifted
gently and without injury from the ground by. the
water, and floated about in the streets with all its inha-
bitants. Carriages, whose passengers and drivers had
climbed to elevations above the reach of the water, and
the poor horses of which, unable to move freely on ac-
count of the harness, mostly perished miserably, col-
lected by dozens in the courtyards. All the trees in the
public places were as full of people as they are at other
times of sparrows. Towards night the water had risen
so high and the wind become so violent, that there was
reason to fear every moment that the men of war might
be driven from their moorings and dash in among the
houses. The evil was more mischievous, because no-
body apprehended much harm, as the water had not as-
saulted the city with rage and fury, but stolen upon it
with mild and friendly physiognomy. Worst of all were
its at first invisible effects, and the bad consequences
which followed. Great numbers of houses fell on the
following day, after the waters had returned to their bed.
Few could get rid of the damp. The inhabitants were
thrown upon a sick bed, and for weeks afterwards fatal
diseases raged in many parts of the city. The night was
particularly awful, as the water continued to rise till
towards evening, and the intense darkness seemed to
cut off all hope of escape in case it should get higher.
Thousands of families, whose members were dispersed
perhaps in different parts of the city, passed the night in
the most painful anxiety. The scenes of horror among
the 500,000 sufferers in that fearful night were no doubt
sufficiently diversified and interesting. Thousands of
comic as well as mournful anecdotes concerning that
eventful day are still current in Petersburgh. A
gardener told me that, being in a tree which he was
pruning, he had not at first observed the rapid rise of
the water, and was then obliged to mount for safety
upon the roof of a small garden-house. But so pro-
digious was the number of rats and mice which gradually
joined him in this retreat, that he was afraid of being
devoured by them. Luckily, a- dog and a cat also sought
refuge there, and with their aid he'saved himself from so
appalling a death.

RECREATIONS OF CHRISTOPHER NORTH.
Vol. 11., Blichwood, Edinburgh and L0nd0n.1842.._

In this. volume we find some of the most beautiful
descriptions of Highland scenery ever penned by
poet or enthusiast. Christopher North's heart is evi-
dently in his task; he feels what he pourtra3:s ; hence
the magic of his elOquence. We cannot imagine a
more acceptable companion on an excursion through
the Scottish Highlands, than this animated
volume, for its numerous scenic sketches all
bear the appearance of a perfect local accuracy,
and are richly coloured with the bright and
varying hues of a buoyant and most pro-
lific fancy. How exquisite is the description of the
"Highland Snow Storm !" and how appropriate the
reflections which it suggests to the author's mind !
We remember reading this glowing sketch many years
ago in Blackwood's Magazine, where it first appeared;
and on perusing it a second time, find that it still
reads off as freshly and pleasantly as ever. But, per-
haps, the m:,st valuable essay in the volume is the one
on " Sacred Poetry," wherein the sentiments are ex-
pressed with a fervor and eloquence worthy even of
Jeremy Taylor.
•

RED GAUNTLET. Cade g.
Thio Volume makes the eighteenth of the Waver-
ley re.issue in the pimp geeeparnedative octavo
form. The size and perspicuous type of this series
both recommend it to those who have a library in
course of formation, as well as to the ordinary reader,

HO2IIETVARD BOUND, Bentley.
This very spirited sea-tale, from the pen of Mr.
Cooper, forms a re-publication, at the 'reduced and
accessible price of &le Standard Novels, of which It
ranks as one. It is embellished with two very excel-
too piits;
,4114 139th the print and binding are equally
good.

ENVIRONS of LONDON. Blackwood, London, 1842.
The present *Number forms the Fifth Part of this
entertaining work] P 4 contains delineations of up-
wards of tvventv-three of the more rural villages on
the outskirts of the Metropolis. Cooper's Hill, re-
nowned by the pen of Denham, is pleasingly noticed,
a fpvy pages apart, the pastoral dreams con-
nected with this seat of the Muses ar sllpprnfig4 by
of Paddington and Stoke Pogi ,s each Clever,
n9voitilgiessi in its wal, The woPd-cuts interspersed

r throughout the pages, are, for the most part, daintily
executed, and the sketches of churches and other
I buildings given, are many of them architectural gems.

PICTORIAL SZIAA..nKigrt,EIBR4E2. L . Part XL
In this Part the biographical memoir of Shak-
spere is continued, and throughout it, Mr. Knight
displays great research and indefatigable diligence.
The digressions, which are numerous, are all of an
appropriate character, and the Part is embellished
with-several choice thgtavings.-

ABBOTSFORD EDITION OF THE WAVER-
LEY NOVELS. Part X.

The admirable tale of " duiiiannering," one of
the earliest and best of the Waverley series, is conclu-
ded, with the exception of a ehapter or two, in this
number. The illustrative plates represent several of
the localities alluded to in the tale; but the most
striking and highly finished of' them all, is the sketch
of the attack on " Portanferry,'! which is replete with
spirit and and animation. The Abbotsford is, beyond
all comparison, the completest and handsomest edition
that has yet appeared of the Waverley novels.

COMPARATIVE LIVES OF GEN-
TLEMEN, TRADESMEN, and MLCHANICS.
(FROM OFFICIAL RETURNS.)
The following calculations of the comparative
chances of life to different classes of the community
in towns and rural districts, drawn up from return
made to the Secretary of the Poor-law Commissions
furnish some facts for curious consideration on this
subject.:
One of the first returns is froM Dr. Barham, the
sum of which was as follows :
TRURO.

No. of Average age
Deaths. of Deceased.
33 Professional persons or gentry and
their families 4O years.
- 138 Persons engaged in trade, or simi-
larly circumstanced, and their
families
447 Labourers, artisans, and others, 33 „
similarly circumstanced, and
their families
28 ~
In Derby the proportions appear to be as exhibited
in the following table :

DERBY.
No. of Average Age
Deaths. of Deceased.
10 Professional Persons or Gentry 49 years.
125 Tradesmen 3B „
752 Labourers and artisans 2l „
On looking at the subsequent returns, it is to be
borne in mind that wages are nearly double in Man •
chester to the average of wages in Rutlandshire,
though rents are higher in Manchester. Some allow-
ance must also be made for the very high average age
in Rutlandshire, from the circumstance that many of
the children or young people migrate from thence to
manufacturing neighbourhoods for employment, which
would have passed the age at which the greatest mor-
tality takes place among children, but still it might
be expected that their migration, as it is constant,
might to some extent increase the average age of
death or apparent duration of life in Rutlandshire,
though not very materially; on the other hand, there
is, perhaps, a larger proportion of children in Man-
chester. The return is as follows :
Average age of Death in
Manchester. Rutlandshire.
Years. Years.
Professional persons and

gentry and their families 38 52
Tradesmen and their fami-
lies (in Rutlandshire,
farmers and graziers are
included with shop-
keepers) •• 20 41
Mechanics, labourers, and
their families

In the Union, comprehending the adjacent numu-
facturing districts of Bolton, the proportions of deaths
in the several classes as returned by the Superin-
tendents, registrar were as follows in the year 1839 :