The Sun.
London, England, 1845-10-25 00:00:00

THE SyN,_LONDON, SATURDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 25, 1815.

at Spike Island, fur the West Indie.s. A recruiting party has
marched from Naas for Beggar's Bush Barracks, recruiting
depot, Dublin, to embark at ne North wall per steam-vessel
for Liverpool, en route to Norwich, there to be stationed.
11th Foot—The head-quarters of this corps, on board the
Castle Eclat, crossed the Una on 19th August, all well on
board ; the only casualty on board up to that time was the
death or a child.
32d (o,rawall) Regiment, Athlone—The detachment sta-
tinned at Elphin, county of Roscommon, under the command
of Captain W. D. Lowe, is ordered to remove front their
presen: ha!f-billet premises to another house, as the detach-
ment is to be reinforced, so as to be completed to a full com-
pany. Officers present at head-quarters. Major Hill com-
mainline, Captains Gardener and Kyrie, Lieutenant King,
Ensigns Phillips, Birtwhistle, Boissier; Paymaster Moore,
Quari.ermaster Garforth, Surgeon Scott, M.D. Strength, 1
company with tic band and colours. Stall; regimental ser-
geant-major, 13 sergeants, S drummers, and 283 rank and

for the mysterious phenomenon. The wise saws, who are
great, in the magic of the marvellous, consider the potato
disease as in some sort a sign that the world is nearly as old
as it ever will be, and that the present crop of tubers, though
a bad one, is the last reaping we shall have. What neces-
sary connexion there is between the en.d of the world and the
potato epidemic, or whether this said cs.tamity is any proof that
the aforesaid globe is nearly worn out, we are not able to say,
nor on this point do the mystery-mongers inform us. The physi-
cal philosophers say electricity is at the bottom ask all, or rather
that it is not at the bottom; in other words, that the
potatoes had not been electrified enough. Without telling
us to whose measurement, calculation, or instinctive sagacity
they are indebted for the fact, they gravely give us to under-
stand (if we had sufficient sagacity of belief for the feat),
that in those parts of the island and continent, not forgetting
America, in which the electricity above lie", behaved better
to the territories below, and, to use a monied phrase, " has
come down handsomely," that in those said spots the
potatoes are in their usual health and F:crength, and looking
" very much like themselves." If Tv were in the mood
for joking, as unfortunately we rare not, we should say
that this sublime enunciation " kooks very much like a
whale." Taking advantage of the experience of that stupid
old man who tried to pelt a lad out of an apple-tree with
tufts of grass, they suggest (the philosophers we mean) that
we should compel the electricity, whether it chose or not, to
coma down to the dust and to do its work as quick as light-
ning, instead of idling away its time in visiting amongst the
clouds, and doing no good at all. Some propose to disturb
and displace the said fluid by the erection of multitudes of
iron rods, well spiked, bristling like bay :,nets, and seeming
to say
that it
shallh,e3d obne'tm invitedeanto u
to bsietiri:Lry A ifl with; others sug-
gest iron pots, made at-
tractive by being permanently elr,etritied; and others pro-
metallic culverts for the
"In the nine of the
peplroeoscpetitiitecotiLt;fi-agvtosel.sfr,euntTiu'hepeseaaetZo:sm,u'
.:inign.enuities, these vast crea-
tions of fancy, these P;aghty minds in travail with mighty
project. 7, which

file. At 1 Coeipany under the cainmand cf Lieute.
Iran t-Colouel Frederick Markham, Captain Baines, Lieutenant
Bellingham, Ensign Hedly, Assistant Surgeon Moorhead,
M.D. Strength, 6 sergeants, 2 drummers, and 68 rank and
file. At Carrick-on Shannon, IA company, under Major
Brooke, Captain Smyth, Lieutenants Pigott, Vavasour ;
Ensign Kyrie, 8 sergeants, t drummer, and 90 rank and file.
At Drumeliambo, 1 company, consisting of Brevet Major
Browne, Lieutenant. Weare, '2 sergeants, 1 drummer, and 50
rank and file. At, Roscommon, 1 company, under Captain
Eveegh, Lieutenant Cunningham, Ensign Davies, 3 ser-
geants, 1 drummer, and 70 rank, and file. At Elphin, half
a company, Captain Lowe, Lieutenant Maunsell, 2 sergeants
1 drummer, and '3B rank and file. At Castlerea, 1 company,
Captain Robyns, Lieutenant Duberly, 3 sergeants, 1 drum-
mer, and GO rank and file. At. Ballygar, 1 ensign, 2 ser-
geants, and 26 rank and file. Recruiting, 6 sergeants, and
12 rank and file, Lieutenant and Adjutant Kelly, on leave
till Oct. 31; Lieutenant-General Sir John Buchan, K.C.B,
is colonel of the regiment.
34th (Cumberland) Regiment—Two of the service com-
panies march from Fermoy to Cork October 17, and arrive
'
same day. 4 companies and head-quarters, under the com-
mand of Lieutenant-Colonel Airey, march from Fermoy for
Cork October 21, and arrive same day, to embark on board
the Java, freight-ship, 1,175 tens, for conveyance to Corfu.
Lieutenant-Colonel Airey, Major Brown, Captains Simpson •
and Schreiber, have joined at Fermoy from leave of absence.
38th Regiment; Depot, Londonderry—The draught, con-
sisting of Captain Cam, Lieutenant Heckett, 1 sergeant, 1
drummer, and 40 rank and file, 1 sergeant, and 5 rank and
file, supernumerary men in waiting, disembarked from the
steam-vessel Rhadainanthus on the 16th October, at Spike
Island, Cove of Cork, for further conveyance to the West
Indies, to join the service companies.
41st (Welsh) Regiment,Voyal Barracks, Dublin—Officers
present, Lieutenant-Colonel Gore Browne, C. 8., command-
ing; Majors Carpenter and Montizambert, Captain and Brevet
Major Dempster, Captains Donaldson, Seton, Maydwell,
Butler, Downes, and Sadlier ; Lieutenants Lawrence, Eman,
Adjutant Pratt, Farmer, Tuckoy, Rawlins, Wells, llicks,
Wethercd, Neville, Taylor, Goodwyn, and Arkwright ; En-
signs Page, Wilson, Greathead, Jenner, Clark, and Meredith;
Paymaster Dickson, Quartermaster Gillon, Surgeon 'Wilkins
(sick), Assistant-Surgeon Hart, M.D. Effective strength,
46, sergeants,. 17 drummers, and 782 rank and file. Recruit-
ing, 1 sergeant, and 10 rank and file. At Fort Pitt, Chat-
ham, 1 sergeant, 10 rank and file. Officers en leave of ab-
sence, Lieutenant Stewart, to NOV. 25; Ensigns Lennox and
Rawlins, to Nov. 25; 1 company is stationed at Portobello
Barracks, and 3 companies at Beggar's Bush Barracks.
Honorary distinctions, the Prince of Wales's plume, " Gwell
augau neu Chwilydcl," " Detroit," " Queenstown," " Miami,"
" Niagara," " A.ya," " Candahar," " Ghuznee," " Cabool."
Sir A. Darling, G.C.8., is colonel commanding.
433 Regiment—On Tuesday the 433 depot-had a field day
on the extensive drill-wounds at the 'Western Heights, in
;the presence of General Lord Fitzroy Somerset, who expressed
his high approbation to Mr. Fitzroy Frazer, of the celerity
and precision of litany difficult mancenvias which this fine
corps were put through, and which they executed in a very
superior style.—Dover Chronicle.
44th (East Essex) Regiment, Richmond Barracks,Dublin—
Officers present, Lieut.-Colonel the Hon. A. A. Spencer,
Majors Ferryman and Gray, Captains Turner, Browne,
Rodon, Staveley, McMahon' and Carey ; Lieuts. Mossy, Mol-
ler, Robinson,J. Le Merchant Carey, Walter, Daubeney,
Faucett, Fenwick, Noake, Greene, and Howard; Ensigns
Hanmer, .Dunkin, Parker, Hon. Charles' Welbore Herbert
Agar, opland, Hotham, and Cooper; Paymaster Captain
Kennedy, Quartermaster Walsh, Assistant-Surgeon Pratt.
Effective strength, 1 sergeant-major, 43 sergeants, 17 drum-
mers, and 779 rank and file. Officers on leave of absenCe—
Captains, Gardiner, to 20th November • Owen, to Ist No-
vember; Lieut. Fielden, to 10th November; Ensign Dunkin
joined from leave of absence; Ensign Ottley, to 30th Novem-
ber; Lieutenant and Adjutant Phillips, on leave to 30th No-
vember. Recruiting, 3 sergeants and 6 rank and file. Cap-
tain Stevens is doing duty with theist West India Regiment.
70th. ( Surrey) Regiment; Great Ship-street Barracks,
Dublin—Two companies, under the command of Major
Reed, consisting of Brevet Major Paschal, Captain Edwards,
Lieut. Pilling, Ensigns Ryan and Willis, 6 sergeants, 2 drum-
mers, and 118 rank and file, marched from Naas for Island
Bridge Barracks on the 20th October, and arrived same after-
noon, there to he stationed, having been relieved by the depot
of the 7th Royal Fusiliers.

Seem as 'twere
An ocean in labour an ocean to bear,
all tend to the solemn secret of growing potatoes ! Would
that as much talent were brought to bear upon the more
hidden and important secret of cooking them ! The physical
philosophers aver, and they may safely do so for any practical
disproof they are likely to meet with, that if only means be
employed which any one ofthern proposes, we may always cal-
culate upon an immunity from potato disease. We don't
doubt it for a moment; we feel as certain of it as of catching
sparrows by throwing salt upon their tails !
Less sublime and speculative than the physical philoso-
phers, but far more practical and minute, come the micro-
scopists to settle the question of the potato epidemic. They
see deeply into the depths of things, and of course are ex-
pected to draw therefrom much valuable matter that un-
aided optics must always be strangers to. In fact, a
man with a microscope may see anything ; and, as
"seeing is believing," we see no just cause why be
should be expected to doubt anything. We antici-
pate, consequently, that the time is not very far distant when
credulity, properly so called, will be regularly defunct, and
such people as our forefathers would have called "easy of
belie, " will be hone; fide matter of fact men under the irre-
sistable persuasion and proof of the microscope. This instru-
ment, as we have said, has been brought to bear, with artil-
lery-like precision, though with less point, upon the " potato
murrain," and wonderful have been the discoveries in conse-
quence ! Fungi of all sorts, sizes, and shapes, and colours,
have been foutid fattening themselves, cormorant like, upon
the poor potato; sporules, granules, cells, and dust that de-
served no better name, all have been found upon the potato;
and many a discoverer has been obliged to rub up his Greek
to furnish technicals for the unknown objects that have tum-
bled in the way of his observation. Talk of special trains,
they go nothing so fast as discovery has lately gone along the
line of damaged potatoes!
Next come the chemists, with their prodigal paraphernalia
of apparatus and tests, to acquaint us with the malady of the
potato. They find alkalies where acids ought to be, and the
converse'; they state, to a shadow of a shade, the particular
blush of blue which iodine gives the sickly potato, in con-
trast with what it gives the potato that is sound; they tell
us, precisely, what the former has lost in mealiness and gained
' in waxiness—what is due to the condition of the starch, the
mucilage, and other such things—that good potatoes lose 75
per cent. by drying at a gentle heat, whilst the bad ones lose
77 !—and, finally, the man with a chafing dish, glass tubing,
oxide of copper, caustic potash, and other like simples, waves
his wand, and, lo ! an ultimate analysis settles the point at
once, by proving that some delicate decimal is wanting tc
make up the due amount of a certain constituent which has
been most rascally robbed of " its fair proportions" by another
certain one ! "So much for Buckingham !"
After this amount of detail, to say nothing of the amount
of trouble we have had in practically getting it ready, we
may perhaps claim a hearing for ourselves. We, "the plural
nominative aingular," in our triumph of tripod, feel that it is
our right to state both what we know, and what we think,
upon the inattei' at issue.
We have looked at the electricity with "our mind's eye,
and, like Mathews in the play, can "see nothing at all in
it." We haveflooked through the microscope, and have seen
ten thousand, curious sights in the morbid potatoe, but no-
thing equoa to what we have seen in a pinch of musty horse
manure, We have tortured the p' or potatoe in retorts, cru-
cible% and tubes of glass, but products and educts have told
us nothing more than we knew aforetime. Amidst this
Babel of investigation and discovery, it occurred to us to
think that there_ might be something "rotten in the state
of "—the potatoe ! And after wiping from our eyes the
films created by philosophy and fancy, we saw a clear
evidence of a simple decomposition in this said tuber! And
what is there that philosophers cannot find worthy to talk
about, microscopists to stare at, and chemists to analyse, in
rottenness! We have always thought it a wonderful field
for minute investigation, and such it has proved to be, as
the present condition of the potatoe crops can testify.
To close this part of our subject, for we shall take occasion
to complete it finally in another article, we give it as our de.
cided opinion that " potato disease" and " potato murrain'
are merely idle terms' that bear no relation whatever to
existent things. There is no " disease," no "murrain,
properly so called ; the potatoes are just rotten, and that
is the long and the short of it. The discolouration, corn.
mencing in this spot, and extending to that, the soft-
ness, the waxiness, the fetor, all these things, and many
more such like, We have seen a score time in
potatoes that•have spontaneously rotted in a damp dark
cellar. We can confirm what the microscopists and che-
mists say about appearances and reactions, and tell them
plenty of untold truths besides; but not potatoes only, any
vegetable of similar composition will give like results when
in a state of decay. These acids, alkalies, atomic defects,
sporules, granules, ruptured cells, dust, dirt, &c., are in con.
sequence of the potato mischief, and not a cause of it. There
is nothing new in the circumstance; we have been familiar
with it from childhood, and so have many simple observers
who are older in the art of taking notice than ourselves are.
It is no novelty in this country, any more than elsewhere;
it attracts attention because of the almost universality of its
prevalence. And has not the cause been as universal? Cold
water is theibuntain head ! Take our word for it, there is
no mystery in the affair; cloudy skies and drenching rain
have done it all!

72th (Cameron Highlanders) Depot, Belturbet—Officers
present at head-quarters, Major Elliott, Captain Clepham,
Lieut. Hunt, under orders for embarkation for Gibraltar;
M'Neal, 'cif-pot paymaster; Reeve Forrest, depot adjutant.;
Ensigns, Farrer, sick ; S. M. Ferguson, Robertson, Maitland.
Effective strength—Two companies, 1 acting sergeant-
major,Captain Taylor, 4 sergeants,
3 pipers, and 88 rank and
file. At
t9Csaervgaenafrs,wos
cdorminpnamneierss:
and 107 rank and file; total, 195 rank and file. At Chat-
ham-1 sergeant, and 3 rank and file. Recruiting-2 ser-
geants, and 14 rank and file. Draught at Cork—Captain
Napier, 1 sergeant, and 50 rank and file. 5 supernumeraries,
and 6 boys. Captain Gaisford is in Dub.lin till embarkation,
on leave to the 31st October.

82d (Prince of Wales's Volunteer's) ' • Depot, Kinsale—
A recruiting party is ordered to march for Cork,_ there to
embark for Liverpool, en route to Birmingham, there to be
stationed. Captain Watson's company is quartered at Dun-
manway. Major Wm. Slater is commanding.
85th Light Infantry; Depot, Newry—Ensign the Hon.
W. Stewart Knox has joined head-quarters from leave of
absence. Ensign the Hon. P. R. Fielden is on leave to the
28th February, 1846.

88th (Connaught Rangers); Depot, Boyle._Officers pre-
sent at head quarters ;—Major Shiny (commanding); Capt.
Walker; Lieutenants—Depot Paymaster Brown, Maxwell,
Burke; Depot Adjutants—Ensigns Mauleverer and Steere ;
Assistant Surgeon St. Croix Cooper. Elective strength of
three companies acting sergeant-raajor, 9 sergeants, 5
drummers, and 192 rank and file. At Sligo-1 company,
consisting of Captain Maxwell, Ensign Conyngham, 2 ser-
geants, 1 drummer, and 60 raTak and file; recruiting 7 rank
and file. Draught at Cork, for embarkation for Malta to
join their service compani‘.A—Captain Mackie, Ensign Gore,
1 sergeant, 60 rank and file, 6 boys, and 6 supernumerary
men. Captain Adams% 88th, has joined the depot at Boyle,
from Malta.

ORDNANCE CORPS.
Royal Horse Artillery, Portobello-barracks, Dublin-4
troop, consisting of Lieutenant-Colonel Cobbe, commanding
Captain P.estor, Second Captain Taylor, First Lieutenants
Cator and Pack. • Strength, 2 staff. sergeants, 3 sergeants, 3
corporals, 2 bombardiers, 59 gunners; 19 drivers, 1 trumpeter,
1 farrier, 1 shoeing-smith, 1 wheeler, 1 collar-maker, 13
officers' chargers, ;0 troop horses.
A troop, consisting of Lieut. Colonel Cobbe commanding,
Brevet Lieut, Colonel Higgins, Lieuts. Hon. F. Saville,
Goodenough, and Brandling, 2 staff serjeants, 3 corporals,
1 bombardier, 48 gunners, 20 drivers, 1 farrier, 1 trumpeter,
1 shoeing-smith, 1 wheeler, I collar-maker, 15 officers' horses,
8 riding horses, 39 draught horses, with field battery.
Rifle Brigade, Depot Ist Battalion, Pigeon House Fort,
Dublin—The draught consisting of 1 serjeant, and 30 rank
and file at Cork, are ordered to embark on board of the Java
freight ship, 1,175 tons, for conveyance to Corfu. Captain
Murray is ordered to proieed out to the service companies
at his own expense, he having exchanged with Captain
Reynard, who is reported sick in quarters.
A general court-martial will assemble at Limerick, on the
23d instant, at the Castle Barracks, for-the trial of such
prisoners as shall be brought before it. Lieut. Colonel B.
Trydell, 83d Regiment. President. Fourteen members, to be
composed of officers serving in the Limerick district. Major
Stoyte, 24th Regiment, Acting Deputy Judge Advocate.
INSPECTION OF THE WOOLWICH DISTRICT OF PENSIONERS.
—Tuesday morning No. 1 company of the Woolwich district
of pensioners was inspected by Captain Forbes, the com-
manding officer, in the Royal Artillery barrack field, where
they went through their military manoeuvres with the utmost
precision and regularity, and the body of men presented a
very soldier-like appearance. A great number of spectators
assembled to witness the military evolutions of the pensioners,
who evidently showed that they were ready and willing to
resume arms in the cause of their beloved Sovereign, should
their services be required. The two battalions consist of 350
men, selected from the whole body of pensioners of the
Woolwich district.

How TO SELL GAME WITHOUT A LICENSE.—It
is stated in the London, and some of the local papers,
that the Duke of Buckingham has given to his tenants
on the Avington estate, near this city, the right to kill
game on their respective farms. Our contemporaries,
when heralding forth his Grace's excessive liberality,
should nct forget to m-ntion that an increased rent is
charged for, the game boon. However much the tenants
may gain by the permission to kill the game they feed,
his Grace can be no loser. Suppose that his estate at
Avington and Easton consists of two thousand acres of
land, which is let to four farmers—and that every
farmer pays an additional rent of 20/. each for the
permission to shoot over his farm. His Grace,
would thus receive 80/. per annum for his game on
these four farms, a sum much more than he could have ob-
tained under the old system of keeping hired keepers, and
supplying licensed dealers in game—to say nothing of
the expense of keepers and the occasional prosecution of
a poacher. The Duke"of Buckingham had made a good
bargain, and sells his game to much greater advantage
than heretofore.—Hampshire Inclefriendent.
Tun POTATOES.—Potato-raising is now being pro-
secuted in our district, and we regret to state that
the reForts which have reached us respecting the
crop are very unfavourable. The black potatoes
are decidedly a failure, and being the kind more
generally planted here are likely to cause a serious
loss and deprivation to that class of the community
which is least able to bear it. The amount of the
crop is not only deficient, but the distemper which
has been detected in the south country and has
caused considerable discussion in the journals, is also
found to exist in the crops here. After being raised
from the ground they early show symptoms of rotting
and going to decay ; when boiled, a portion of them
is unwholesome, and consequently wasted. These
are the complaints which for some time have been
before the public in reference to the crops raised in
the earlier districts in the south, and which have at-
tracted the consideration of the professors in agricul-
ture without the cause or a protection against a re-
currence having been discovered. The white or long
potatoes are supposed to be of good quality, but the
quantity planted of these is much short of the black
kind, and the yield of the crop does not exceed if it
amounts to an average. There is every reason to fear
that potatoes during the winter will be in short supply ;
buyers from other quarters have already been here, and
we have been told that one merchant in ;his town has
soli two thousand bolls to a purchater from Belgium.—
Berwick Adve tiser.

THE LATE GE'NEE:4.T. NOTT.—The neglected and disordered
condition in which, the grave of General Nott is suffered to
remain in St. Peter's Churchyard, has recently called forth
from strangers 'who had been to visit the spot expressions by
no means complimentary to the inhabitants. A. stranger of
some distinction, and apparently of military rank, visited the
grave a few days since, and was not a little shocked and
chagrined at the absence of the slightest memento that
could have distinguished it from the humble memorials of
mortality around. It is said of Voltaire that he built God a
church, and laughed his word to scorn. A splendid monu-
ment is projected to the memory of Nott, while the remains
of the hero lie neglected, and only rescued from obscurity by
the hallowed association of the soldier's grave.—Carmarthen
Journal.

THE POTATO MURRAIN.
(From the Medical Times.)
" Quid qutsque vitet, nunquam hernial satls :
Cautum est in heras."—HoascE,
" Latet angels in herba."—Viam.
We make no doubt that our readers will readily hear what
we have to say upon a matter very important at this time
both to the public and the profession—the present " disease"
amongst potatoes. It concerns us to inquire into the subject,
as well from an interest which we feel in the fate of the poor,
who will be the chief sufferers by the calamity, as from a de-
sire
we have to aid the wise working of an efficient system of
hygiene, by stating the bad effects which we have known to
follow the use of this depraved food.
The "potato murrain," as it has been ridiculously called, is
said to be comparatively new in this country, but 'has been
known in America for many years past. During the present
season it has visited us to so serious an extent as to CA'
considerable anxiety for the physical welfare of that e' •d"
people who are in a great measure sustained by
Mato-food.
„.• ..ass of
The "disease" has prevailed more or lesr -
throughout the land ; the salubrious atmoast country from the,- extensively
;
soil of Ireland have not exempted were and kindly
visitation, and it has swept with v
the continent, but purticularly i arious severity through
Holland.
Belgium, Germany, and
As the matter interests
.erybody, so we find that almost
tas upon it. In the midst of the
massof everybodyB speculation, hascu la tgioont
is not to be wondered at that a good
deal of folly as Frei'. as falsehood shold be let loose upon one's
credulity and - wonderment. There are a certain class of
People YeleP,".. philosophers, and we fear we must include in
that vet-.
large class another scarcely less capacious, we mean
the ,:ai-discint sect of chemists, who are able to see and ready
to swear anything. Give them a subject with a crotchet in
it, and they will have an explanation ready in no time. The
one will prove, by a series of reasoning as difficult to refute
as to comprehend, that such and such causes are at work,
and, ergo, that such and such consequences must follow; the
other will prove the precise opposite, and confirm the truth
of his theory by chemical analysis, carried out with such de-
cimal minuteness, that, like the lote tree in Mahomet's seventh
heaven, there is no going beyond it. The one silences you
with an awful profundity that neither himself nor anybody
else can fathom ; the other knocks you down, or rather
tries to do, with ultimate analysis and the talismanic name
of Liebig. There are some people with whom this system of
illustrious humbug operates like mesmerism, but we old-
fashioned folks don't belong to the class of greedy gnllibles,
and we feel little inclined to trust either the words or the
figures of one-half of the Giessen-bitten boys of the present
clay, without'snmething more than their own proue.• se, of
the fili
Integrity of what they utter.
To return to our subject, as one upon which philosophic,
microscopic, and chemical speculation are magnificently rife
just WWI we And all oda of Om* proPoßuclO t 9 MOM

REPRESENTATION OF S'eXTll
WARWICK, SUNDAY.—Tht Writ 113 r the return of a Mem-
ber for the represer
!..ation of the southern divisien of
this county is '.:xpected to arrive oli Tuesday next,
and the elect.lon to take plar.c in the early part of
the ensuing. week. Lord Brooke, the only candidate
sahninpo,ubnuetedii,y(ahni..! UP :L. anuouneement made not by, his Lord.
ship, far aa
he
w ; 1:1 remain absent even at the election. This) however.
pubticenardes et informed esdti,liitoins notthe im pr ob a Continent,b
l 0 and,th that
i:ridns-ho p a
n matterm
unpleasant u much, except,
catechismp e perhaps, that
som eitofilltahyesavehisL
agricul-
tural discontents of the county. Absent or present, Lord
Brooke will be duly proposed and seconded, and it is said
that his return to Parliament may bo deemed certain. The
election creates the leitst possible degree of interest in the di-
vision ; but it is not improbable, seeing the near contiguity
of Warwick to Birmingham and Coventry, that before the
day of nomination something may arise to impart life, and
spirit to the proceedings.
[ADVERTISEMENT.]—THE EARL or ALDBOROUGII
AND HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.—An astounding cure by this mi-
raculous medicine, after every other means bad failed.—See
extract of his lordship's letter, dated Villa Messina, Leghorn.
February 21, 1845.—." To Professor Holloway; Sir,—/
to acquaint you that your pills have effected S Cure of a disorder
in my liver and stomach, which alt the most eminent of the
faculty at home, and all over the continent, had not been able
to effect—nay, not even the waters of Carlsbad or Marienbad.
(Signed) ALDBOROUGH." These wonderful pills will cure.
any disease of the liver and stomach.—Sold (also Holloway's
Ointment) at Professor Holloway's establishment, 244, Strand;
and by all medicine venders throughout the civilized world.
A Stock Exchange was opened in Leicester on
Thetio
Wednesday, at the saloon of the theatre. The association
consists of eight firms, comprising thirteen individuals. The
subscription
buinses2os/a.
rpeerfraonmnuelmev,
eanndtotlhiealsfe-pcuasrtit,yauld,ooot fromtwo
to
hours of business
to half-past. The dealings are for cash on delivery of scrip
or_transfer.

The average number of British shipwrecks in a year
is 600 ; the value of the property destroyed about two and a
half millions sterling; and the number of lives lost about
1,560.

LIMEILICE.—DEFEAT OP A REPEAL CANDIDATE.
—Oll Friday au election took place in the Richmond ward of
the city of Limerick. The candidates we're Mr. • kelly, a
repealer, and Mr. Hall, an anti-repealer. At the close of the
poll Mr. Hall waa 109, Jilld Mr. Kelly 98. Majority against
the repealer, 11.

COAL FIELDS OF CH L_441..

ON THE ANTIIARACITE AND BITUMINOUS COAL FIELDS OF
CHINA ; T/IE SYSTEM OF MINING, AN6 :HE PRICES OF
COAL, AND LABOUR IN ITS PRODUCTION, ANI3 TRANSPOR-
TATION TO PEKIN. BY RICHARD C. TAYLOR, PHILADEL-
PHIA.
We have seen the recent announcement of the sailing of a
vessel containing 308 tons of PennsylVania anthracite, des.
tined for Hong-Kong, in China. Some very natural specu-
lations have arisen from this circumstance, as to the proba-
bility of that country furnishing a market for American an-
thracite. As no details accompany the statement alluded to,
we are cot in possession of material facts whereby an
estimate can be termed of the probable success of the under •
taking, in a commercial sense; and we are not sure but the
coal may have been employed for convenience merely, as
ballast.
In the East Indies various depots of European coal have
been establi'hed, for the service of the British government
steamers. This fuel, for the most part, it is understood, con-
sists of the anthracitous and partially bituminous coals of
South Wales, of course obtained at great expense. It appears
that 5,000 tons cf English coal at a freightage of 21 per
ton, are annually imported into Bombay for the Company's
steamers. Bituminous coals have been derived from much
less distant sources; among which the Burdwan coal field,
in .the vicinity of Calcutta, may be named. Mergui Island,
also, in the Bay of Bengal, has lately furnished some steam
coal to Singapore. The steam-ships on the China seas,
during the war with that vast country, were supplied from
these various sources.
I do not propose to discuss the profitableness, or other-
wise, of a Chinese market for our American anthra-
cite. But as during the process of collecting statis-
tical information for a proposed volume on "the geo-
logical and geographical distribution of coaland other mineral
combustibles," some notes reached me of an- interesting cha-
racter; which are not generally accessible to the majority of
readers with relation to the Chinese coal fields, it has struck
me that a portion of these details, in an abridged form, might
be just now acceptable, particularly as the intercourse with
that country is on the increase. I venture even to omit, for
the present, the authorities for the facts I shall have to coin-
muuicate, reserving them in detail for the volume ad-
verted to. It must, nevertheless, be premised that
to the Jesuit fathers, the French missionaries, who
were permitted to reside at Pekin during the 18th and pre-
ceding centuries, we are indebted for details of the highest
interest-, not clone on this subject, but on many other objects
of philosophical inquiry in that little-known region.
It is probable that coal was discovered, and was in corn-
. ...

mon us.; in China, long before it was known in the western
world. It is mentioned by a noble traveller of the 13th
century, as abounding throughout the whole province of
Cathay, of which Pekin is the capital, " where certain black
stones are dug out of the which stones burn when
kindled, and keep alive for a long time, and are used by
many persons, notwithstanding the abundance of wood."
The good missionaries were fully capable of describ-
ing the coals which were supplied to Pekin, since
they there erected a furnace or stove, in which they
experimented on the properties of those combus-
tibles, particularly with reference to the ordinary domestic
uses, and for the warming of apartments and the purposes
of their laboratot v.

Among the peOple of Pekin, three kinds are in use :
I. That employed by the blacksmiths. It yields more
flame than the other qualities; is more fierce, but is sub-
ject to d- crepitate in the fire; on which account, probably,
the blacksmiths use it pounded in minute particles.
2. A harder and stronger coal used for culinary purposes,
giving out more flame than the other sorts so employed ;
it is less quickly consumed, and leaves a residuum of gray
ashes. There are several gradations of these. The best are
hard to break, of a fine grain, a deep black colour, soiling the
hands less than the others. It sometimes is sufficiently
siliceous to give fire with steel. Others have a very coarse
grain, are easily broken, and make a bright fire, leaving a
reddish ash. Another species crackles, or decrepitates, when
first placed on the fire; and falls down, almost entirely, in
scales, which close the passage of the air, and stifle the fire.
3. A soft, feebly-burning coal, giving out less heat than
the second-class ; consuming more quickly, it breaks with
greater facility, and in general is of deeper black than the
sorts previously mentioned. It is commonly this description
which, being mixed with coal dust and a fourth part of clay,
is employed to form an artificial and economical fuel. This
being moulded in the form of bricks and balls are sold in
the shops of Pekin. Waggon loads of coal dust are brought
to that city for this sole purpose.
The coal merchants have also an intermediate quality be-
tween the classes two and three.

THE WEATHER.
STORM IN INVERNESS-SHIRE.

The weather continues wet and story—very uncon-
genial for the completion of harvest. Wednesday last
was fair, and both shearing and leading were carried on
with spirit. On the two following days the constant,
rain prevented the cutting and in-gathering of the
crops. On Saturday we had a strong gale of wind,
which, ere night, penetrated to the heart of the wet
sheaves, and rendered the crop tolerably dry ; but, we
regret to add, only to be exposed to a thorough soaking
next day. The river Ness has been in full flood all the
week. On Saturday a few sheep were observed strug-
gling in the midst of the current, but they got safe to
land. Monday will not be readily forgotten. All day
it blew a hurricane, until towards evening, when the
violence of the wind greatly abated, and a good deal of
corn was housed overnight. Throughout the day it
rained heavily, and the river continued to rise. About
ten o'clock a large tree, which had been torn up by the
roots, rolled down the stream, and shortly afterwards
another followed. On the Castle Hill it was impossible
to stand or walk, unless under cover of the building.
Several of the windows were shattered ; chimney-cans
and slates were thrown down into the streets ; and in the
country, trees, fences, and other_ materials, were dislodged
and scattered about. At sea, we are afraid the results
would be more serious ; for the storm was as general as
it was severe. Fears were entertained for the stack-
yards about town, and we observe that in.some of them
portions of the thatch have been carried away on the
sides most exposed. Stooks are also laid level wherever
they stood. On a field of barley near the Thornsbush
Pier not one sheaf stood erect—they were all blown
over. At Kessock the tempest prevented the ferry-
boats from crossing. The Maid of Morven, steamer,
lay at anchor in the roads, her owner deeming it unsafe
for her to undertake the customary trip. The Duke of
Wellington was also anchored at the ferry ; her cargo
could not be got on board until yesterday forenoon,
when she proceeded on her voyage southwards. A boat
which lay at anchor a short way above the pier broke
her cable, and drifted down into shallow water, near the
mouth of the river, when she was secured. A gentle-
man from this town who was in Ross shire on Saturday,
states that the Conan and the Orrib were swollen to a
large sizo—the former extending its waters where corn
had stood but shortly before. On the west coast the
hurricane commenced on Sunday evening about 9 o'clock
and continued till 12 the following day. Nothing
so severe has been experienced for at least 30 years
about Fort William and the neighbouring district. On
Loch Ness the blast was terrific ; the spray blew on the
land like a snow-drift. The three lochs—Ness, Oich,
and Lochy—were higher on Monday, in consequence of
he rains, than they have been since the great flood in
November, 1834, when they rose to an unprecedented
height. We are glad to learn that the operations on the
canal, though much retarded, have not been damaged
by this storm, owing to the judicious arrangements and
exertions of the contractors ; and the Culloden steamer
nobly breasted the gale on Loch Ness, making the dis-
tance from Dochgarroch to Fort-Augustus in three hours
and five minutes. The roads beyond Leterfinlay are
cut up by the flood, and several large trees were floated
down froth Lbck Arkaig to the east end of Loch Loehy.
The late boisterous winds and rains have rapidly
stript our woods of great part of their variegated foliage.
Some of the birch plantations on the hill-sides, however,
still wear a picturesque appearance, and in some sheltered
situations the leaves and verdure continue fresh and
green. It was curious last week to note the moorfowl
congregate in the cornfields, to escape the stormy blasts
of the hills. Throngs of grouse and blackeock had
descended from the heights, and literally blackened the
stooks that still stand exposed in some of the fields.
A correspondent writing from Strathspey, on Satur-
day, reports as follows :—" The weather is singularly
changeable and unsteady, and at this date, October 18,
there is not above one-fourth of the crops secured in
Strathspey. Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday last,
were goAl days, with a strong, steady breeze from the
west, very favourable for drying the corn, cut and
uncut. Fields were rapidly clearing, and stack-yards
filling apace ; but this happy state of things was sud-
denly overturned yesterday, when a perfect deluge of
rain fell. To-day it blows a hard gale from the north-
west."—lnverness Courier.

We cannot in this place recite the numerous details which
are furnished by these intelligent fathers. Suffice it to add,
that nearly the whole of the properties and applications are
now in every-day use in the United States, and are familiar
to all. They are, in fact, the natural results suggested by
qualities possessed in common by the combustibles of remote
parts of the same globe. Even the modern method of warm-
ing all the apartments of our dwellings, which we view as
the result of superior practical and scientific investigation,
was in use, with very little deviation, centuries ago by the
Chinese. Many a patented artificial fuel compound, both in
Europe and America, has been in practical operation in China
at least a thousand years.
4. Anthracite—Another description of coal abounding
about thirty leagues from Pekin, but which was not then in
such general use there as the other kinds, is called by the
Chinese Che-tan. Che means a stone, but tan is the name
they give to wood charcoal. Therefore, according to the
genius of the Chinese language, this compound word signi-
fies a substance resembling or having the common properties
of stone and charcoal. There can be little difficulty here, in
recognising the variety of coal which, in our day, has been
denominated anthracite, a compound word of similar
meaning.
The Chinese glance coal forms a remarkable exception to
the unfavourable conclusion prevailing against Oriental coal;
and, according to more recent authority than those we be-
fore cited, deserves to rank at the head of the list, in respect
of its purity as a coke; although in specific gravity it does
net come up to the character of the Pennsylvania or Welsh
fuel; neither has it the spongy texture which contributes
much to the glowing combustion of the latter.
So late as 1840 a Russian officer has described the coal
formations of the interior as occupying the western moun-
tain range of ChinX-in-Yuchsanunciance that--a-s-pite-CorhalT
a league cannot be traversed without meeting with rich
strata. The art of mining is yet in its infancy among the
Chinese ; notwithstanding which, coal is thought to be at a
moderate ' price in the capital. Anthracite occurs in the
western range of mountains at about a day's journey, or
about thirty miles, only from Pekin. The coal formation is
largely developed, in which thick beds of coal occur. They
appear to be of various qualities. Some of this coal,
occurring in . shale beds, is singularly decomposed,
and its particles have so little cohesion, that they are
almost reduced to a state of powder. Beneath these coal
shales are beds of ferruginous sandstone, and below those
occur another series, consisting of much richer seams of coal
than the upper group.
In this range are seen also both horizontal and vertical
beds of conglomerate, accompanied by seams of coal, which
have the conglomerate for the roof, and diorite or greenstone
for the floor. As might be expected, this coal very much re-
sembles anthracite. It is shining, of compact texture, diffi-
cult to ignite, does not flame in burning, or give out any smoke.
Its substance is entirely homogenious. Everything respecting
it leads to the belief that there had been a great de-
velopment of heat at the period of its 'formation, or
subsequently. The horizontal coal beds are the
most important and valuable, and are denominated large;
but no greater thickness than three and a half feet is quoted.
The blacksmiths, and those who work in copper, prefer this
coal, on account of the intense heat which it gives otit.
Throughout the whole of this mountain range may be con-
tinually seen the outcrops of this combustible, where they
have never, as yet, been touched by the hand of man.
In those parts of China where wood is very dear, coal is
worked on a great scale for the Pekin market; but the process
of mining is very little understood by those people, whoexcel
in the preparation of charcoal.
Coal in other parts of China—The missionaries and
others inform us that coal is so abundant in every pro-
vince of China that there is, perhaps, no country of the
world in which it is so common. The quays at Nankin are
stored with the finest native coal. Some of the coal which
was brought down to the coast, from the Pekin country, to
the Gulf of Pe-tepee-lee, was anthracite, partaking of
the character of plumbago or graphite. Coal, apparently
of the brown coal species, exists extensively in the di-
rection of Canton; while all the coals seen on
the Yang-tse-k-iang river, south of Nankin, resembled cannel
coal. Near to Canton it possessed the comparatively mo-
dern character of brown coal. It was abundantly offered
for sale in the different cities through which Lord Amhurst's
embassy passed) between Lake Po-yang-how and Canton,
and the boats were largely supplied with it. It is there
obtained by means of pits, like wells ; and we infer that,
like nearly all the brown coal deposites, the beds were hori-
zontal, and at no great depth. A sulphurous coal, inter-
stratified with slate, and in the vicinity of red sandstone,
also prevails towards Canton.
Thus, therefore, we possess evidence, the main object
which this communication was designed to exhibit, that ex-
tending over large areas in China are beds of tertiary or
brown coal, of cannel coal, a dozen varieties of bituminous
coal, of anthracite, glance coal, and graphitic anthracite ; all
of which, rot ages, have been in common Use in this remark-
able country; and have been there employed for every do-
mestic purpose known to civilised nations of all times, in-
cluding gas lighting, and the manufacture of iron, copper,
and other metals;

COURSE OF EXCHAI
Amsterdam CF. 12 1O
Ditto, at sight l2 7
Rotterdam 2U. 12 11
Antwerp 26 15
Hamburgh M.B. 1313/
Altona

Mode Of bulling` Coal iti china —lt might be. ex-
pected that in China, where- most of the practical arts
have, from ,time inntemorial, been carried on with all
tbe llerSeverande of that industrious people, the opera-
tions of mining coal would be conducted with some
regard to science, in relation to sinking, draining, and ex-
traction. We have, however, good atithority, especially in
regard to the environs of Pekin, for stating that the process
is still in a very imperfect states Machinery there to lighten
Inelir is unknown. They have not eVen tin idea of the
pumps indiSpensable to draw off the water. If local dream-
stances tif6j, cut dfairigge galleries • if not, they aban-
don the work whenever the inundation has gaitted too far
upon them. The mattock and shovel, the pick and the
hammer, are the mining instruments—the only ones,
in facts which the, chinesp etinpley in Working the
coal. the wafer Of the mine is emptied by the slew
process of filling small casks, which ate brought up to the
surface by manual labour. 'Vertical shafts are net used. In
working lioiliental coal seams, the timber is expensive, and
the materials cost 2 copecs per pound, = 8 dollars 50 cents
per ton, Engliall wood being sold by weight in Ohitia.
The Coal, When mined, is put into baskets, and drawn upon
sledges, which are raised to the Surface by nittnual strength.
Each basket contains about three Bounds of goal, and one
man can raise abaft eight baskets in a day. This is equi-
valent to 1,032 Russian pounds, or to 12 Cwts. English, per
day. The miners' wages are at the rate of 80 c6PedS
basket, which is equal to 240 copecs (copper currency), or
46 cents of United States currency per day, being 70 gents.
U. S. per ton,
rates at Pekin—At the pit's mouths this coal is sold for
60 copecs per lir., = 4 dollarti tents per ton OF 20 cwt. It
is then Oonveyed on the backs of mules through the moun-
tains, and thence on camels to Pekin, where the price is
rouble, = 1„ franc.% = 29c. United S'ates per pound; which,
if our calculation be correct, is equal to 11 dollars 60 cents
United States,, or 21. 8s Bd. per ton of 2,240 pounds English,
much lower ,
s u hiss ih tceosa which We perceive, thererore, -Chat the best fuel is expensive at
d
is, however, a kind of coal sold in that city at a
tc°l7flioer°ruceolladsl dust.r'n ortifcial
Pekin, and hence' the necessity for resorting to
n
esold
brieflyfor
oanl
el urdeendb,
le
per
~a_ price, particularly when it is mixed with one,
Pound, which is at the rate of 7 dollars
11. 12s. 3d. per ton. It is of indifferet i 5 lints, equal to
giving out but little heat, and is quickly consumed.cua ty, however,
The compound fuel, consisting of coal dustad clay, is
still prepared after the mode described by the
missionaries
last century, but its use is chiefly confined to the indigent
Coal Ga.,l Lighting in China—Whether, or to what extent
the Chinese artificially produce illuminating gas fronibitu,
minous coal, we are uncertain. But it is a fact that
spon-
taneous jets of gas, derived from boring into coal beds,have
for centuries been burning, and turned to that and other
:econornidal purposes. If the Chinese are not Manufacturers,
they are, nevertheless, gas consumers and employers on a
large scale, and have evidently been so ages before the know-
ledge of its application was acquired by Europeans. Beds of
coal are frequently pierced by the borers for salt wider,

-aria, 3 days' sight 25 75
Ditto, 3 months 26 5
Marseilles 26 10
Bonrdeaux 26 10
Frankfort on Maine 1221
Petersbnrgh, 3 Us

Berlin
Vienna, effee. flo. .... 10 6
Trieste, ditto
Madrid 36*
Cadiz
Bilbao
Barcelona ....
Seville

IGE.—(YESTERDAY.)
Gibraltar.....•• ell •
Leghorn
Genoa 26 5
Milan ...... .
Venice .... ...,.........
Naples 391
Palermo, per oz ll9l
Lisbon .. 53f
Oporto
Rio Janeiro .... 24
Bahia ......
Buenos A yres
NewYork,2ldyssight --
Philadelphia
PRICES OF BULLION, PEE OZ
Foreign Gold,bars...f.3 17 9
Portugal Gold Coin 3 17 5
New Doubloons.... 0 0 0
New Dollars 0 4 101
Silver in Bars 0 4.111

DIRECT WESTERN RAILWAY.—It was expected
that the shares in this Company would have been distributed
by this time, but we understand the allotment has not yet
been completed. The applications for shares from persons
along the projected line have greatly preponderated over
those from other parts; and as the Directors very naturally,
wish to give preference to the former, without entirely ex-
cluding the latter, their office of allocation involves both
time and difficulty. We are informed that the shares may
not be expected before the end of next week, as the lists
of allotment are undergoing a scrupulous revision.—The
Railway King.
PILCHARD FISHERY.—On Wednesda morning
general fine shoals of fish were seen off the Lizar& and during
the forenoon they came in shore. The seiners at the Lizard
missed them, but at Cadgwith a fine shoal was enclosed and
taken up, of about 400 hhds. ; and at a cove near Cadg-
with, two other seine.c shot, and took together 150 hhds., all
of which have been cellared. They are remarkably fine flab,
and very fat.—Plymoteh Journal.
GOLDEN PLOVER.—WiThin the last four days the
downs in the vicinity of Andover Ltve been visited by several
strong flocks Gf that highly-esteemed Lira the golden plover.
Whenever the Migratory visitors make i.l'eir appearance on
these sheep-walks, we may be certain that th;, October frosts
are close at hand. In the company of these wa.liderers have
been noticed a sprinkling of dotterel, a very rare biz in these
peep! which are greatly prized by the sportsman.—Sherborne
Journal.
We are requested to caution the public, and more
espedially that portion of it who are in the habit of bestowing
alms indiscriminately upon vagrants, against the deception
practising by a female who is travelling through this
edunty, and presenting fiCtitiotts notes of recommendation,
purporting to be addressed from respectable individuals
one
in
one parish to others in an adjoining, one. The plea, in
instance brought under our notice, is rot assistance to get a
child into an institution for the blind, and it well-written
note, falsely alleged to be from a clergyman at NTrittle to a
lady at Great Beddow, was presented by the appiif.lant.—
4'^vd Chronicle.
Clielnis.,— - -4,-idges, five in number, settled on
--
yi.,_ - ,-
^nd of Bridlesmith-gate, in this
A cove Oz
4 e unusual scene ensued.
the paren,leilt or the tipp.. I,is prize home in
town, on Friday afternoon last. ...-.. '-ulty, were
One was captured by a iti*oe, Who bore --ant,
trhimph ; arid. the others, after some little dui.—
also secured bY ." uneertifieuted sportsmen." Such an ...
in the :very centre of a large manufacturing town, is de-
cidedly n0ve1...-. ()Hingham &eta),
FORTUNATP SPECIMATION.—On the `itli instant,
a person bought 40 tons of oatmeal for 131. per ton in Armagh
market. Naxt week he sold the saute in Portaclown for 101.
per ton.-1)46/in Evening Mail.
We are, glad to find that the Directors of the
London and Brightor, Railway have adopted the plan of
setting apart a carita
is an instance ofge in every train for ladies only. This
experience on to the comfort and—as recent
attention
females tree-• some othox lines has shown—to the safety of
Ecte4a.., ening alone, which cannot be too highly corn-
^l —,Brighten Gaeta" . • . • . '

and the inflammable gas is forced up in jets, twenty
PUBLIC DINNER to MR. HUDSON,
. or thirty feet in height From these fountains the
vapour has been conveyed to the salt works' in pies,SUNDERLAND.
and there used for the boiling and evaporation of the salt; SUNDERLAND, WEDNESDAY, Om 22.—Yesterday evening
other tubes convey the gas intended for lighting the streets a public dinner, in honour of Mr. Hudson's return for this
and the larger apartments and kitchens. As there is still borough, took place in the Polytechnic-hall, Fawcett-street,
more gas than is required, the excess is conducted beyond which had been fitted up and decorated for the purpcse.
the limits of the salt works, and there forms separate chim- The walls were covered with banners used at the election,
neva or columns of flame. and opposite the chair was placed a likeness of the Hon.
One cannot but be struck with the singular counterpart of Member, taken by an artist in Newcastle. Upwards of 350 gentlemen sat down to dinner, the room thereby being in-
logical employment of natural gas, which may be daily wit-
nessed in the valley of the Kanawha, in Virginia. The geo- isonveniently crowded. J. J. Wright Esq., was in the chair.
a his right were G. Hudson, Esq., M,P. ; Lord Adolphus
logical origin, the means of supply, the application to all
the processes of manufacturing salt, and of the appro- Vane, the Hon. IL T. Liddell, M.P., Alderman Richardson,
priation of the surplus for the purposes of illumi- of Yolk : the Sheriff ef York ; R. Pemberton, Esq., < f the
nation, are remarkably alike at such distant points Barnes; and C. Bramwell, Esq. On his left, Lord Seahain ;
as China and the United States. Those who have SirJ. H. Lowther, M.P. ; Colonel Wood, M.P. ; Hodgson
.
read, even within the present month, the account
Hindo, Esq., M.P. ; Matthew Bell, Esq., 3f.P. • the Rev. Dr.
of the recent extraordinary additional supply of gas, Webster, Esq., &c. &c. Townsend, Prebendal), of Durham ; Rev. It. Skipsey, R.
•
and the service it is made to perform at the Kanawha
The principal vice-chair was filled by R. Sporn, Esq.
salt-works, must be impressed with the coincidence of all the
circumstances with those which are very briefly stated in the dinner was a very sumptuous entertainment, with a
lentiful of champagne previous paragraph in relation to China. In fact, the parallel • n supply and other wines.
is complete. On the withdrawal of the cloth,
To the coals and combustible minerals of China I cannot The CHAIR3fAN gave, in succession, "the Queen," "the
further advert here. But what a conviction irresistibly Queen Dowager," "Prince Albert," "the Prince of Wales,
and
presses upon the mind, as to the incalculable utility of the rest of the Royal Family," and " the Navy and
Army." In proposing the latter toast (which was acknow-
railroad system and coal mining improvements in such an
ledged by Colonel Wood) the Chairman adverted to the fact
empire. If ever there were concentrated at one point all the that on that day, forty years ago, the hero Nelson fought his
circumstances especially and unequivocally favourable to that last battle in defence of England—the battle of Trafalgar--
system, and imperiously calling for improvements of the
and uttered his memorable saying, "England expects that
character suggested, it seems to be presented in the case of every man will do his duty."
the city of Pekin. Here, with its enormous population of
The CHAIRMAN next gave " the Bishop and Clergy of the
1,500,000 souls, it is situated only at a day's journey—
Diocese," and in doing so, remarked that the venerable
computed at thirty miles—from an immense region of
Bishop, although he conscientiously differed from them in
coal, comprising several varieties. Yet its inhabitants political sentiment, yet, it must be admitted, by the exem-
cannot purchase the best qualities of this coal, brought from
the mountains on the hacks of mules and camels, under 11 platy discharge of the duties of his exalted office, by his mu-
nificent contributions to public charities, and by the manifes-
dollars 60 cents per ton, and the very worst for less than
7 dollars 75 cents per ton. tation of much kind feeling, had secured for himself the un-
Without making unnecessary or invidious comparisons, it feigned respect of the inhabitants of the county, and especially
might not unreasonably be suggested that a Pekin railroad, the inhabitants of Sunderland.—(Applause.)
ad-
in connexion with the coal mines, would be a far more pro- The Rev. Dr. TOWNSEND, in responding to the toast,
verted to the beneficial effects of railways, and expatiated on
fitable enterprise in its results than the transportation of
American coals to China. the public and private character of their guest, which he
I will onlyadd one circumstance, which had nearly escaped stated was in every respect highly commendable.
me. Borneo, " the largest island in the world," which is The CHAU:MIN then said—We now come to the leading
only twenty degrees due north of Canton, has lately come toast of the evening—the health of the esteemed and distin-
into repute fur the great quantity of coal which it contains, guished gentleman in whose honour we are assembled at this
not only accessible to ships along the coast, but extensively oc- fcstive board—(Applause)—in order to proclaim the h igli
curling in the mountains of the interior. Much information estimation in which we hold his talents, the unqualified re-
has also been acquired from the natives; and the facts which spect we entertain for his character, the satisfaction with
are already elicited are regarded as of considerable import- which we have the honour to see him our representative in
once, in respect to the facilitating the steam navigation of the Parliament, and our confidence that he will discharge the
China seas. duties of that sacred trust with honour to himself, credit to
Philadelphia will, of course, have her share in the enlarged this borough, and advantage to the countrv.—(Applause.)
commercial intercourse with China. Would it, then, be asking So much has been said in eulogium of Mr. Hudson's abilities
too much of those who are personally interested in this im- and high reputation, both on previous occasions in this
proving trade, to communicate any additional facts which_ borough and by the newspaper press throughout the country,
are either unknown to, or have been omitted by, the author that I cannot but feel it is impossible for me to advance
of these scanty notes? anything new or interesting upon the present occa-
Philadelphia, April 28, 1845. sion. There are three lights in which I should desire to
[No'rß.—The prices and a.dmeasurements which are quoted place Mr. Hudson before you, in every one of which he
in the foregoing article, were reduced to the United States shines with a brightne's of character of which lie may
and English currencies and measures, from the Russian, as justly be proud, which does him infinite credit, and reflects
furnished by the engineer Kovanko, who, in like manner, honour upon his name—l mean as a man of business, as a
converted them into the Russian from the Chinese standards_ politician, and as a private gentleman.—(Applause). The
In consequence of this triple conversion of standards, addi-
reputation of Mr. Hudson as a man of business and enter-
prise stands unrivalled in the present day. As the great ac-
tional care has been taken to avoid error in these calcula-
complisher of railway undertakings, the public spirit and the
tions.l—Franklin Journal. indomitable perseverance which have marked all his opera-
tions, the astonishing rapidity with which all his great works
have been executed, and the signal success which has at-
tended all his effort., have become matters of national record,
and the theme of wonder throughout Europe. So strongly,
gentlemen, is his fame felt, that you cannot take up any
newspaper, whether Tory, Whig, or Radical—whether local
or metropolitan—nay, whether English or continental,
without finding some article to his praise or observations to
his honour.—(Applause.) He has identified his name with
the national character by the works he has already
accomplished; and such is the opinion formed of his power,
and such the reliance placed in his judgment and integrity,
that he wields at command and presides over an amount
of pecuniary capital exceeding that of any other man in
this empire. He may be said to be a sort of Chancellor of
the Exchequer in railway matters, whose duties, however,
are more to give than to receive; for he has founded a
national stock which has not only provided for the security
of the investments, but returned to the possessors their capi-
tal doubled, trebled, or quadrupled in premiums and divi-
dends, and opened a new fountain of prosperity which has
flowed in copious and refreshing streams *rough the coun-
try.—(Applause.) There is another peculiarity attending
Mr. Hudson's enterprise—whilst it has benefited the rich, it
has disseminated advantages through every class of society
in this great commercial community. He has provided en-
gagements for the artisan, employment for the labourer, a
field of operation for the skill of engineers, trade for the
shopkeeper, a market for the manufacturer, channels for in-
dustry, and oceans of business unequalled in the history of
this empire.—(Great applause.) Having conferred benefit
upon every claseof the community, he has raised a pyramid
to his fame which statesmen may envy, and which has called
forth a spontaneous testimonial of gratitude which does
honour to the national character, and confers splendour
upon the age.—(Applause.) As a politician, Mr. Hudson is
known to cherish, and, on all fitting occasions, he is ready
to uphold those great Conservative principles of devotion to
the Church, love to the altar, attachment to that unrivalled
Constitution which constitutes the glory and security of
the British nation. Especially do I feel justified in stating
to this meeting, from all the addresses Mr. Hudson made to
this constituency, that he will be always ready to maintain
the necessity and enforce the justice of fair protection to
the agricaltural, manufacturing, and shipping interests of
this great country, in opposition to those mischievous prin-
ciples of unlimited free trade, which would break down the
barriers raised to protect native industry and give up all na-
tional advantages, without any just return or equivalent con-
sideration.—(Applause.) The electors of this borough owe
Mr. Hudson a debt of gratitude for the noble stand he made
in support of protective principles on the recent arduous
struggle in. this borough, and for having defeated the ma-
chinations of the Anti-Corn-law League, that modern mon-
ster of political violence, and vanquished one of the most
talented and experienced, and one of their original advocates,
and scattered all their hired lecturers in confusion.—(Great.
applause.) That contest and victory was expressly a Con-
servative contest and victory. The issue joined between
the parties, which I expressly put to the electors on the
hustings, and which was confirmed by my honour-
able friend the candidate, was this—a Conservative
Government on the one hand, Whig policy on the
other ; just protection to the interests of the country
on one hand, and unlimited free trade on the other ;
and the comstituency decided these questions by the vic-
tory that we won.—(Applause.) I say it was the triumph
of Oonservat ive principles, and so it has been received and
understood throughout the country—it was the voice of
Conservative feeling, expressed in accents not to be misun-
derstood, and which has rung the death-knell of the Anti-
Corn-law tLeague in all their future attempts to domineer
Over the constituency.—(Applause.) Mr. Wright then
eulogised 7tilr. Hudson as a private gentleman, and concluded,
I will not detain you, for I see the feeling is rising in your
bosoms re: icly to burst in peals of enthusiastic applause.—
(The toast- was drunk with repeated cheers.)
Mr. HLCDSON, on rising, was again loudly cheered. He
said, in rising on this occassion to offer to you my best
thanks for the compliment which has just been paid me by
drinking my health, I feel under difficulty to find words to
give expression to'the grateful feelings of a warm and affec-
tionate' heart. lam deeply sensible of the obligations
which I owe to the electors of Sunderland for the man-
ner in which. they returned me to Parliament ; but I felt
that in applring before them I was not fighting my own
battle, but the battle of the Constitution, and seeking to
promote the welfare of this great country.(Applause.)
The gentlemen who waited upon me to solicit me to come
forward will do me the justice to say that at first I shrunk
from the offer with some alarm, but on explanation I felt, as
every Englishman I hope will always feel, that a fair and
proper call being made upon me by my fellow-countrymen,
I had no right to consider my own feelings and convenience.
—(Applause.) I also told them, that if at the eleventh hour
.any gentleman with whom they were acquainted came for-
ward, who could fight the battle, which they considered great
zod important, with an equal probability of success, they
were at ;liberty to reject' me and take him.—(Applause.)
Hawing accepted your invitation to stand as a candidate for
Sunderland, I did my best, and I am gratified in knowing
that 'best succeeded in defeating a body of gentlemen who
have been so admirably characterised by your Chairman
this even i RP-
(Renewed applause.) I came here upon prin.
ciple, relying for success solely upon those great Conservative
-which I have held ever since I took a part in
Pf.ellrairs. It is true I came here a stranger, only
aa two or three gentlemen, but before I had been
ppruibnlciei
our hours in your borough, I found that I was
korneonwtny-t
among a body of Englishmen who had hearts to feel for the
well-being of their country. This soon won my affections,
and it would be the severest trial which has ever tried me to
lose' your regard. Gentlemen, we triumphed over a body of
men who tl 'ought they could carry enslaved at their shrine
the co 'Witt Lenny of Sunderland. We have shown that when.
fairly aid openly met they are easy to defeat—that their
principleir ti.re not sound, that their views are selfish, and
that they endeavour to carry away the minds of the people
by specuaas• arguments.—(Applause.) Having now, how-
ever, obtah led a victory, let us endeavour to appropriate it to
the promotion. of local and national advantage. I do not
hold lightly those great principles which ought to govern
this free counts '—l think they ought to be paramount on
all occasions, bit t having maintained them fearlessly, let us
unite with all pat ties in promoting the local and social ad-
vantage of the town and port of Sunderland.—( Great ap-
plause). Peaceful times are those in which only we can
take a calm and judicious view as to what will promote the
welfare of a town. Political agitators, who are constantly
people, in season and out of season, are not the
wtinisg the
Gentlemen,hers as Cans
of the country. Let us,er-
vatives, show a bright example to those agitators, and to
laical demagogues who exist in every town, by using
wexeclli
the political
advantageously the victory we have obtained by promoting
the local interests of the port—let us endeavour to cultivate
good
feeling towards those who are politically opposed to us,
and prevent political feeling from interfering with our en-
deavours to promote the local advantage of the town. I am
satisfied if you act thus, you will win over to us those who
will strengthen us, the party will grow stronger and stronger,
and the time will soon come when Mr. Liddell and myself
will not be the only two Conservative Members for this great
county.--(Applause). I again thank you : all I can say is, I
am deepl ;sensible of the kind manner in which the Chairman
and my my. Friend have spoken of me, and I trust their
eulogiums induce me never to forget the duties of the
position to which I have attained, and act as incentives to my
endeavours to some my country, Your Chairman has ad-
verted to matters which were the subject of discussion during
my election. I am sure you will do me the justice to say,
that on that occasion I studiously abstained from any re-
ferencss to them. On this point I can appeal with confi-
dence even to my political opponents; but I was not un-
whims eof the position which this important port holds in
the counts ", and although I then thought it unfair to give
any pledges, or even refer to it in my speeches, my views
were then fca'med, and I was quite ready to have developed
them, had it b een prudent to do so, in the same manner that
I did the other slay, and which I am happy to say met with
the approbation not only of gentlemen who supported nee,
but of some who felt it their duty to oppose me.—(Applause.)
This district is, periaaps, one of the mostimportantSunder-
land he the
kingdom, and if its resources were fully developedi
d Manchester.—
and Newcastle might rival Liverpool m
(Loud applause.)
interfere;
to accomplish this we must not suffer
must not allow politics to
political feeling to we
a ement of these affairs, and by avoid-
intermix in the ma g
n overmany to the principles we
duct we shall e
iflg. this c"
show a bright contrast to those trading politi-
profe:.s,
uand • d everybody's business but their own.—(Ap-
cians vime men
11 go to• Parliament with an ambition to follow
elause.) I s3amy right (Mr. Liddell), and
the gentleman on n
.ens re.
-..ii.lernen connected with the district, whose prin-
- --t I admire; and I trust, by doing so, I shall
a manner satisfactory to you and the
"as honour to represent.—(Cheers )
gave " The healths of the
wank with cheers.
`Mowed, and the

the b..
of other g—
ciples and coml._
discharge my duties IL.
gentlemen whom ,I have
Mr.. gunsoN 'again ro,e, ant.
electori, :Sunderland;" which was %A.
, A. great many complimentary tOasta 4.
company broke up at midnight.