The Sun.
London, England, 1820-05-27 00:00:00

Earl of LtvEr:PooL—" In March next."

The Noble Marquess continued. Those most
concerned in the question felt that there was a
possibility of advantageously removing the res•
frictions, particularly with respect to the naviga.
lion of British-built vessels. The mode of doing
this, however, be felt was a most important dues.
tion. With respect to raw materials, timber par.
ticulatly,. a change may be most advantageously
made. Timber was now introduced front places
at 'much greater distance than those quarters
whente it may be got of a much superior quality.
He alluded to the North of Europe, (impaled
to our American Colonies. Timber was a most
important at tide in the commerce of this conotty
and particularly as i. respected the paramount -ob-
ject of ship. building. The whole carrying trade
from the Baltic tVaS not half the cost of what that
front Canada involved. The rivers which flowed
into the Battic afforded a great -advantage iu the
removal of timber ; besides, through the channel
of the peat fairs iu Europe, the timber so pot.
chased would be paitt for wi:b the manufactures
of this country. Added to tbii, the freightage
from Canada. was very consider thle, greeter than
that front the Baltic ; end ti e former traffic went
to impose duties to the uremia( of 500,0001. in
this country, of the port of London alone
paid more than one booth-, ti ehousand pounds.
He next adverted 10 it cotl§4l 14009 of the high
dutit.fs it:tiptoed upon Fttne:t w n s, ro out of pro,
portion greater than !Lose pa; „Isle for the winee
of Split, and Portugal. M-ny were disposed to
admit Cie policy of impotting the Fiench wines
at lower duties, on condition of obtainieg terms
equally favourable lor tie export of our manufac-
tures to France. The result, he thought, must
be favourable to this emmtry ; though the articles
must be paid for its the fitst inotince with buil!,
lion, yet the revenue would be eventually increas-
ed. He was aware of the provisions of ate
treaty with Portugal in 1810, by which certain
duties were to be laid on French wine, as that
country did upon, our woollens, but that provi.
-sion was to be temporary, and subject tn
future revision. What lie said with respect
to these wines was_ also applicable to silks,
and on that- head he thought Pat liament
might meke some provisions favourable to the
interests of that class of our mattufacturers.
He would next advert to a part of the proj..ct in
which .the intetest of the ship-o,eners was most
materially concerned—he meant the British Trade
to the Southetn Hemisphere. That no COuntir
was under such restraint as the British ; from the
moment our trader Passed the Cape of Good
Hope, be found himself embairassed and impeded,
not by 1 be.weath.er, not by waves or by tempests
—by increased difficulties of navigation—but by
the restricting rides of the Statute Book ! It, the
important article of Tea, they were precluded al-
together, ri.t by any result of competition, but by
;be tffect of a gigantic monopoly. He did not
thick so harshly' of the Compactly, connect, d es it
srood with all the great interests of the Empire.,
to tH.,e it would set its face against an obviously
fair anti advantageous arrangement ; but, bt yond
their sphere, -there existed whole foitions, whose
commerce could not now be got, save through
their medium, countries a hose population exceed. •
ed-70-millioes. The Noble Marquess then re.
Irrred to the remarks of Mr. Crawfurd, on the
commercial advantages held Bout by the Indian
Archipelago, and he also alluded to the sentiments
of Sir Thomas Ralliei on the se.bject, and io illus-
trating the peculiar advantages of commercial in-
.
terconese With nations in ao incipient state of
viiiz society, he quoted the narrative of Dr.
Fraeklin repecting the radvantages which even-
_wally arose tram the first trot-tided-ion of that
article of temnle dres‘, the c ,r,itt. soe of the
American Set t le mem and :le ex paria:('d in some
detail t►n the advantages of an exten.ion'ot Bri-
tish commerce in the regions beyond the Cape tit
Goodliope. .These wooid all result, he argued,
from the removal of harsh and impolitic testric-
eitrs, Hod imparting to those eptarects some at
least of the principles of free trade. The carry-
ing trade between ihe. port of Canton and Or:
United States .Was his ttext sithjett 'of ;mimed.
version, anti be" expatiated on the ruinons'ef-
feet: . -the peseta rebtliWre

by tetra produred by eventnaily favonring the
Air.ctic.A.n at the expense of the British trader;
the latter .was in a tnmiter excluded, and the ad-
vantages were eighty to +me in favour of the
Anscricans, ,hoi,e trade at Canton had increased
inlrone thud in the conrte of the last year.—
The Noble Matliness then directed NE view to
the iiicAenlible advAtrageg which he felt (limit re-
till; trot)) the opening of H tree trade bet wee'n thiS
ciint•tiy atkthe•reg:on of Sonth America, under
thr liberal regidati(mg of an independent Govern-
rnvnt,

He itistatired- the r4pid increase of onr
it 4.1 e %vith i11f.11,15 Ayres, titn'or the then dream-
'trances, in 1812, Mhell if ‘, AS literally donbled.
-1 teas [;ready to he wkhed. that our Govern-
ment would find some means of cementing our
connectioo with that of SOurh Ktierica, 00 the
iihetal principles of 4o,id faith 'atilt sound policy.
T is, 'lit, first maritime country in the world, was
aide to give the inOsc dIT. Chin) aS•iCanCe to those
inip,rtant and rtsttig States, which no iloitht
At wilit-mAe the most favoorable concessions were
we to Ask them. lie woold pin this conside-
r:VFW. OttM seriollily to the iittetltiOn Of his Ma-
ieSfy:4 GOVer.lrw-tli. An extension of trade in
(nose regions woold prove peculiarly advantageous:
to Ireland, a considetation which he hoped would,
ail things considered, have its 'due weight with
his Alyiesty'3 Ministers. Atter expatiating Fur-
th-r on the great beneficial advantages which
might result frost) a liberally regulated ctimoter-
citil iti•ereotirse with the South AtnertCan Nations,
li pA•srd In a general vietv of the great political,
as tV4 hi arc rf,nl.7lerCid advantages, which might
erase iff the Brit slt Empire from a general sytetn.
ctontocreidl revtla!ions lotioned on fair aud )i-,
beral piineipleti, which more than ifily other con-
Fitt...ration Would, he held,, tend to relieve this
country froin accumulated ettharrassnient, and re-
store it to its once enviable s, ate of political great-
ness and. cntitmert iii prosperi;y. The Noble
111;,ipies5 conclinled an able argumentative dis-
co,,,-it by !toasts:---

That a 6, ,mittee he appointed to take into considers.-:
tion. (1 to inquire, respecting the Foreign Tra4e .and
Cumnierce of the lontory, and to report thereon to the
Ei

ft, Earl of Liveapooe rose. He had heard
'the speech ot the Noble,Maitptis with much satis-
rfarei agreeing, as he did, with most of the pro-
po• i i,)s tit hid) if contained, tho' he might grit At-
-tail, a sin) lir &wee of import anee to all of them.
Ile ;hereof e lel' an to oppose the
which the Noble MatqUis had propetlylimit-
'erf
(0 an ioquiry into the state ot our foreign
-trade, and the means of extendi,g.it. lie thought
preperlv limited to such an object; because he
iverf that it war, • by'soch a limitAtion alone
shot. it would be poisside to achieve aoy.thing.
inquity been extended ao the whole trade, it
av"uld have iteeowe interminable, and most have
.ptoceeded, either by doing nothing, or by doing
`ll 0me,11,1,g to little purpose., At the same time,
'be did nor think it possible to take a view of our
foreign trifle, without looking itito the situation
'Of oUt internal trade. Stich an examination alone
could explain the reasons'why many things could
atot he done uter the present circumstances,
wteen. miler others, might have been carried into
eft cr !n cousidei nig the present question, lie
Should rip retore take a view of the whole situa-
tioti 6t our internal trade, in order to do justice to
himself .and to those with whono he was acting.
Nif-hen Petitions were coming to the House, not only
front our merchants and manufacturers, but from
the agriculturists, be thought it tight, in agreeing
to the Committee, to state why lie ciid not con-
ceive a more extensive inquiry proper, anti why
lie had not come forward to propose one.- He
agreed with the Noble Marquess, that there could
be no opining so pr,judiciwi and unfortunate'as to
suppose that the COMlllerelid, agricultural, and
tnanutacturine, interests could be set at variance
with each other. He concurred in thinking that
the strength of the one was the strength of the
o: tier, and the distress of the one, the distress of
the other. But no attempt had been made to
consider them as distinct front each other. Agri,
culture was the basis of wealth, but neither agri-
culture, nor the fortunes which it had produced,
would have been what they were, if they had not
bet-n fostered by the manufactures of the country.
He therefore agreed that the proposition with
which the House must set out- was, that -all the
great interests of the country were connected
with each other ; that what
.was done for the one
mist `h, done for the other, and that any attempt
to cat. fine measores, of protection to ;he one,
must tend to injure the rest. He Should now
endeavour to trace, from official documents, what
the situation of the coutrry really was; what was
the condition of alt those great interests, the na-
ture of time distress, and what could be done to
relieve -that distress. fie thought it the duty of
the House to decide what it would or would not do,
as the feelings and difficulties of the country would
not settle uotil men were awme of the fixedness of
the laws and principles by which their interests
Were to be governed. The first question to which
be should call the attention of the House would
be, the state of our internal manufactures, 'and'
the consideration whether their present distress
bad grown out of a diminution of consump-
tion within the country, or from a diminution of
cur foreign trade. He trusted be should he able
to satisfy the House that there was no ground to
believe that the present distress had arisen from
any reduction in the consumption within the
country. The quantity of revenue raised must be
deemed a'proper criterion, amid it would be fair to
take the aver4ee of the three years ending in 1817,
1818. a0d,1819, and to compare it with the ac-
tual -consumption of the last. The average of
intetrod consomption for those three years was
21,650 8701. The internal consumption- for thew
year beginning on the sth of 1819; and
ending. ott the.sth of April 1820, was 22,332,1171.
rii•king in small increase of cons on) WlOll The
average consomptiOu of CO-ffee' in the three pre-.
eedt,.g years was 7,523,5831. ; in the last it-was
358.8561„, showing tt-• small diminution of less
tn.') 201) 0001. Tile avecage crinstiotption of To--
bocci, ill Ole three nrecediog years was 11,967,7111.
iti the list it had been 1,1„175.9171. so that a coo-.
riderihre ditnintilon had taken' place in that.
The average consomprino of Mait in the
former period had been 22,190,2781.; 'in the cast
year it bad risen to 23..971.31571:, showing an in-
crease of unwardit of 1 700,000.1. The average
conlumption of &picks, comprehending Irith and

Scotch., was 5,173,7551. in the preceding three
years, and had lalleu off, in the last, to 4,801,9371.
but if there.h.rd brim A diminution of 300,0001.
on this article, the consumption of foreign spirits
had become much greater. This estimate was
taken on the quantity, not the value ; and though
only tine year had .been put into' competition with
three, the result evidently proved, that instead of
any redaction in-rhe—internal-consittnption of the
country,, there had been an increase-., It the same
inquiry %very followed up with respect to the
value of other articles, as Candles, Soap, Stc,, the
result would still he the same* Ott some of
these a ttifiing diminution would he found,.
which would he compensated by an increase
on others, and the whole would lead to the
same c,,nclusion, that the internal cofisump-.
lion of the country had not been reduced,
This was undoubtedly satisfactory, as it show
ed that in what entirely depended on ourselves,.
the general wealth of the countly had ex-
perienced no diminution or • falling off. •Lle
sbeuld now take a view of our foreign- trade,

and- the state of our manufactures. In that.
branch there was certainly a large falling off, if
the last year was compared with 1818. The whole
produce of the British manufactures in 1818, had
been 48,903,7031. In 1819, it was 37,939 5061.
showing a falling off of eleven Millions. • But the
House must recollect that 1818 had been a year
of .extraordimary'efforts, and one of oyertrading
and speculation. It the average were taken on
the three following-years 1816, 1817, and 1818,.
it would he' found to amount to 45,161,7561.
leaving still a falling off of more than 5,v,..n mil-'
lions. This falling off was certainly eonsi lera-
ble ; but what was-the state and produce tit our
nremutacture's antecedently to the wAr, and during
its continuance ? • 1n'1792, the largest:year betnre
rheAvar;onr exporishad been in value '24.905,2001.
In 1806, they had amounted to 25 a-Ohm's ; in
1807, to 27 ; in 1808,- to 25-;-. ii, Ibo 9. to 26 ;

in 3810, to 35 millions, and in 13 i 1, to 34,930,000 i.

So that though in 1819, there had hen a dtn►t:;;t-
I tine when compared tint h
yet the amount of- our exports • in,thatyearhatt
bten as great-as during the most Honrishittg,.yeat
of the war, when our trade o,ls carried twits great-
est extent. The next question which would-at-I.e,
would be in what branch the falling off had taken
place. There had been some reduction in our En•
ropean exports ; but it wtas'not considerable, anti
did not exceed 1 ;200,0001. More than one halt
of this was on Refined Sugars, a branch of trade
which, -in a considerable degtee, we might cons'.
der ourselves as•having lust ; for the intercourse
between other- Nations and the Brazil, having

been re-opened, it was oat uril to expect that they
trould apply.themselves to the manufacture of that
article. The tailing o 8 in the exports of Bullish
Manufactures to Europe did not exceed 600,0001.
whilst it wAs gratifying to know, that the trade in

British MtiolltatqlOth to Ife1411(1 had been iecreas-
ing'duriog the .senie period. The weal_ falling off
was in tire East India Trade, and the other great
depression was in the tratie with the United States
Of •America. Our exports to the latter bed di-
minished a full halt tinting the last yielr. In 1818
those in cotton goods had bez-012,432.0001 1819
they had not much exceeded me.million, Those in
cutlery and hardware,. which had amintioed to
834,0001. in the previous year, had in the lest been
reduced to 436,0001.: and those in 40,,ilesfs had
dwindled, in the seine period, from epwerds of
`three millions, to 1 ;703 001. t he eveeege of
the last three years, -the tailing off in our exports
to the United steles had in fact amounted to three
millions: This led naturellyoo the coesideretion
of that tradee 'Elie Noble Ma, guess had admit-
ted that distress was not coefiued to the imiuStry
of this country, bitt existed in every State of
rope atid America. He had rightly attributed it
to the great- coevulsion • which, Miring the last 20
years, had so unhinged the state of thine's, !hat it
was impossible it should not. have produced dis-
tress,in all countries after the conclusion of peace.
But • the House must not forget, that great a, that
bad beets in all countries of Zurope, -in
none had it been greater than in the 'Jotted States
of America. Let those who vette -disposed to
ascribe its -existence amongst us to the weight of
taxation, to the tithes, or to other !nutlet-is, coin-
' pare what the revenue- and nstionat debt of chat
country were, and pause before they attributed
that distress to such causes. Those of American
distress were involved in no mysteey. It did not
proceed from war ; for itt the lapse. of thirty-
' five years, they had been but two, yeais at
war. It was truee that they had felt the,
effects of the tremendous contest which had
raged in • Europe; but how had they felt them.).
During the whole of that war America had
been the principal, and during part of le, the only
neutral Power. Site - had, therefore, employed
the means of supplying this country and outer
States with goods, at a time when trade could be
carried on by no other. The-result-was an increase
of prosperity on her part which exceeded all ex-
ample. -Within twenty years she bad made a: pro-
gress, which in a natural state she could not have.
effected in 60 or in 80 years. •She now. telt the
effects, not of. former distress, but of her past.
prosperity. She must retrograde till she bad
reached the point at• which she should .stop.. Her
torMer•prosperity must reimburse itself by a state
of distress, till she had returned to her natural
state. He did not speak invidiously, fur no
country was more deeply interested in ber pros-
perity than we were. • Of all Powers in the world,
by. the magnitude of herpopulation, and the ex-
tent of her territory, she afforded the hest market
for the produce of this country, anti every one
must- 'wish her prosperity.—([leer, hear 1)—
What he 'stated was only to show that ,she had
shared the fate of all countries at peace or at war,
and that the convulsion -- which 'hed'shaken the
world had not fallen upon two or three countries
-only, but upon the whole world. It -a depression
had taken piece in our Asiatic trade,. it had arisen
front over-speculation, and the evil could only be
temetlied by time. Should. the House- be induced
to adopt any rash- measure, the only effect might
be to. continue and. perpetuate that evil. • It the
people were poor and could-not buy our merchan-,
Mee, as in former times ,we must wait with patience
tilt they,.ehould. he able to byy them: The Noble
Mat guess had founded his motion.on a principle
which he had not sufficientlymodified, that the
general freedom of made would be productive of.

the greatest advantage. He could entertain no
doubt of the great advantage which all nations of
the world would have derived from that Systein
had it been earlier adopted. But things were in
a situation in which it was impoSsible for'this
country, and perhaps for all countries in the
world, except .America, to act on those -princi-
ples. If ,the House looked at the general freedom
of trade, it must also consider the state -of -the
laws which affected agriculture, and the prohi•
hit ions of foreign produce to which they gave
birth. - We could not' go to foreign countries
with any advantage; for the poorer States would'
tell us, " If we take your manufactures, you,
must take our corn. If you talk so big, and are
such adMirers of Adam'Smith's I'Vealth of Nations,
fur God's sake act upon his principles, and IttnVe
your sincerity by admitting our produce." Eng-
land bad risen by a different system, or as some.
supposed, in spite of a bad system ; however this
might be, she had risen nailer her present system,
and it was impossible, even did not her taxes•
'amount to one half of what they were, that .the
whole state of property should be unhinged' by,
such a change. He should not discharge his duty
to the country, ,if he did not take this oppor it-'
pity of expressing his opinion with respect to the.
Corn Laws. lie was one of those who, 1815,
had supported the Bill for granting an addi-
tienel protecting price to the agricultural lute-'
rest against the importation cf foreign Corn.—
At that oeriod opinions were divided, and Some
were fount! who recommended to leave thingS as
they were; and to wart frir two or three years to
see how they, would turn out before passing' the
801. This be bed strenuously opposed. lie had
called upon the ['rinse to dech:e at once, either
liter it world grant the additional protection, to
that it would never grant any to corn-growers.—
in the is-tier ca•e, a compromise must have taken
plat., her weeti the owoers of lands and their occu.
wets; ref-1;s must have and the distress
which, he anticipated and wished 'to prevent by
the -Corn Bill, must have occurred and passer:
away before the three years should haaie elapsed.
To ettempt to legislate on the subject after such
consk;thmatioo might have proved highly inje--
riotts. This was the feeling- he should hare en-
tertained, bad the Corn Bill been rejected. How
much srronger inns, that leeling now be since that
13111 had. passed into a law Whatever distress
I might exist, there 'was no more certain means of
increasing that distress than a continual tampering
wirit those measures and those laws. Let the laud-
lords and the farmers know that they must abide
by the present system, and they would come to
some arrangement for their mutual advantage--
The in inciple of the Corn Bill terfded to protect
agriculturists against an extreme low price, at
which it 'might 'be supposed they would not, be
able to raise their -commodity ; but at the same
time -to secure to the public the advantages of free
inrpot wits') when the price should rise above 80
shillings. If this system were altered, what would
be the effect of a fixed duty in years of seat-
cit y It the dirty were low, it wOuld- be no protee-
tioo ; it most therefore be high, and if it were
raised to 100 or 120 it would be equal
to a deity of 50 seiltings in addition to the present
price of bread to the poor. He had investigated
how the Corn Bill had worked. The importation
price was fixed at 80s., and the antagonists of the
me:ism e maintained at the time that 809. would al-
ways'be the minimum. Its supporters had argued
on the contrary, that it would be much nearer the
maximum. Now it appeared from the returns
lor the four years ending on the sth of Ja-
nuary 1819, that the average price of Wheat
had been 78 shillings, that of Barley (of which the
protecting duty was 40s) 425. and that of. Oats 28a.
On this account he saw-no reason to say, that
the Corn Bill had not operated fairly to, its pur-
pose. There had been high years and low years,
and farmers must be provident during tire- one,
to make up for the other. The amount of to-
reign Corn imported in the tour years already
mentioned was 2,905,417 quarters. Ot these
318,824 quarters were at this moment in ware-
-houses, and 505,894 quarters had been re-ex-
ported, so that little more than two millions of
quarters had been consumed by the country in the
coarse of four years. Now, was it possible that
500,000 quarters thrown Annually into the circu-
lation of the country should have contributed to
the distress experienced by agriculturists If the
manner in which the average- was taken: was ob-
jected to as fraudulent, the trend ought to be cor-
rected, and the existing law supplied the neces-
sary power for its correction. Some entertained
a notion that to omit the Welsh counties would ,
raise the average, but. be doubted the propriety
of altering the system altogether. With respect
to the change its our currency, it had certainly
contributed to a consickrable extent to aggravate
existing distress ; but it had not operated upon
.agriculture as generally as it had been supposed ;
for, if it had affected one branch of it, the rest
must have equally suffere'd. This was not /the
case, for the price of cattle bad been as high last
year as it was formerly. But, even if the change
in- our currency had contributed to produce the
evil, that evil had now been borne, and there
would be more danger in retracing the Steps al-
ready taken, than there was originally in 'taking
them. No man hail been a greater supporter of
the Bank" Restrictions than himself, for he felt
convinced that they alone bid enabled the coun-
try to go through the late ware 'But he had al-
ways stated that he considered them merelyfits war
expedients, and that we crust return at peace to
our national curreecy. -The facilities which they
gave, were accompanied with evils not uemixed
with good in time of war, but in time of peace
the evils alone remained. They might create it
great appearanee of trade, but they could not pro-
duce its reality. He was one of those who be
Hever' that our exports would' revive, that Our
looms and manufactures Would shortly'be at work
again, and that our commercial Inalustry would
recover trout its'depression‘ and its distress. We
must the'n guard' agaitiSt theSe revelsions which
oceasionally took ptaee in the coarse of a few
,years. -Any airing tending to create a' fictitious
cepital, tended increase that evil. Ile,felt that
as no alteration ought to be made in the Corn
Laws,, so noire ought .to take place in the system
of our Currency, l'heCountry should understand,
onr tiferatini 9 lbotiid tindClSto rut, the. World
should UULICI3t4/1:1, that we are acting on fixed ,

principles, :anti were •tlefermined not to tappet
again with the laWs.t--(Hear, hear, hear !)-11a
had already stared- the difficulties that stood in
the way of adopting the princ'ple of !he freedotn_
of trade, and he most do those who supported
the principle the justice to say, that they had n°
nothenit could he acted upon: Kyen those wb°
in 1815. had Most strenuously oppo4d the Cur°
did not now wish that au alteration should
be made in that measure tor the, put nosrs of a,free
.trade. He should mislead the public it he seer)'
ed to.think that -ir.would be praitic_lble to ditty/
that freedom. of trade on -Bay of the•gr, at bt(ineh.(.9f
of our mans:factures. He was of opinion I'll4' -II
all the laws resit, cling the impoi,aiion of
were repealed, it might not affect that trade ;
our silk and linen 'manufactu(es were completelY
artiicial; and any attempt .0 open the Trade
ctn them must. occasion their tosai destruction'''.
He regretted that they had beet) established jo
this country, as they were more natty to
• France, who, if we had taken her silks aid lioeo3,
would have taken our woollens. 13:4 coo,ittelJog
. the immense p,- pidatino t ilea. ell i ea, rving tilt t
on, and that.mote than 50 000 ,vererio.
played in this metropolis in ins M.; o°'
though he Inlahs. regret that one Sucti qter(o3l
Should ever have been granied,yes berth! lint 1160.'4
pOS%ihle, under the'cirenins.sancs a.ot the enno
tVi
' that it should he repeai,d. What would ne .ii'c
effect on the linen manntactureis of Ireland it ffr`lt
protection were withdrawn ? He again regselir!
that it had been given, but that was 110 reeiSol,
it Should he po,sible now to* atido
wrongty done. It might be riliaps imporiA"s
object to consider whether toe rinciole
hition might mot be altog abet ,bandoned. 13"1
he d.stibied that ,ninch tgo,,d-vt,stlin result from
abandonment, as it %%twilit oeresstary
inpose protecting ditties so bight that lire teoall.'
almost 'amount to prohibition, and in solo°
ca•es might wove more ',flat-lye. .t I,e
e.ocei,eit it would have a %mot tit 't•-t1 vac i
as many who dealt in' prolitbl,etr totijec s 517,
be willing to p4v Ai.), duty to pr>cti,;., dirt)
legally. His I,,,,rdship then followed tste N
Marquess through :he vatittas poin's he
touched in the course of his. Ile
that the warehousing system form( d an insioity
ant branch, and that it might he rropey tit CO"t'
cider how far it might be cx!etnied. With le
spect to the- transit dn.y,
,he (11,1 Nut sea ,n 1
British ship-plug should not have the same nrocv
leges as foreign shipping. The timb-r trade •"5
partly fettered by an arrangement ma:le
Canada merchants, at a time when a.. II K-
" .45
closed against us, and the want 'of Utiliser to, 'sof
navy became alarming. They were then no,sced,
.to enter into that trade by the psonti6e
a 'protecting•cloty. It was true that a iteve'
tine duty had been. imposed since, and this' • as
least, remained open for consideration.
respect to the wine trade., lie wilted to "ee'
how the 'matter stood, and whether by una;,iosf
any concessioa to France we might out stlawr
our woollen manufactores to some kaitt o: rat'.
liation on the part of Portugal. it coo••qat
of the Treaty of_ .1783 with Fra,ice, V. 4 (' 'l5
reduced t hedut les oil Ft each allot I'ortn4rie•e
hut not so as to put them on the ssime tositing
He had maintained the lame pcoport.iwo OJ#.
third in favour of the Portuauese attics 'C'ie
whole amount of firitiso Mannhcrisres talportel
into France, in 1787, hid been 718 6951 ajP.,
into Portugal, 657.6521 Now our t %poi 19 '7
Portugal and 13raz,ils had risen to tout
lions sterling, and the trade was a gro`f:
ing and improving trade, and one wlnc"
we should coin ia tie to enj,,y. He (he's
took a view of the amazing efforts of trade whicil
had taken place in Itidia, and the too tztlf.6l
exports made to Asia in formerlyears. c
tempt to introduce Elitist, me, „titact'',,e, tufo
had proven nearly al-rot-live ; tin( though
direct trade between China and this con al v 4."3
closed, yet a great trade ,sag
India and Chiva not in the, Company's iota
C might be made a qttestion wto then a direct trade 4
should be carried between lit-ilia aoo
parts of Europe, without passing through II jr
country; and he bad no difficulty in
articles which it was lawful to import shOuid
he reqUited to came first to Enaland or M
bitt should be allowed. to he cal tied rc'
any part for which they were intended. ',a
had now followed the Noble .li4iques. tht,"'S6
the various points which he had in:rodaced.
had taken a, view of the inietnal and toreign't"t,
of the country ; had expressed his opinion re,
specting the existing distress, and had not '0)",,
eealed his conviction that the remedies trout
he expected most were time and patience.
then concluded 'by strongly recomtnen(ling that
g 1,0
tampering with the laws should take place, $4l,
that fixed principles being adopted and maintainee
the comitry should know low to prepare to Nee
theist, and on what it had to depend.
Lord'LANspnwN said a few- words its expl6"a
tion. be°
Lord LAUDERDALE, adverting to the speeches
of the Noble Mover, and of the Noble Bolt to,
pressed himself more sanguine respecting the Poe
sent condition and ultimate prosperity of ,
.Country than either of them. His Lordship td.ej
proceeded to touch upon several points conoreale,
with'the general view of the question, and t° ed
liver his' opinions on these topics, He cooside'or
the great alteration which bail taken place iu
9,0
currency as a principal cause of the embarraiot
went which existed. Without the paper curreunoc
had been resorted to, the Noble Earl cola
stig
have carried on the war, which had in •re 01
plunged the nation into so much difficnlti;
that system, taxation tb the amount of "
lions per annum had been raised since 1815, ntoitt
than otherwisCcmild have been obtained t,
fact, the Country, instead of paying an iote,:-50
had, for the last 20 years, been expendinavos
trillions a year out of its capital. But ").5
only a proof of the energy of the ConotrYti
00‘
i that it was now stronger than ever. Htid ore,
been so, it could not have endured the prerid'
With regard' to the rivalry' beiweeo th a
e n ilse
_oral' and commercial interests, he depreetne‘o,ele
idea of their put buing 'separate objects., lit'? fitef,4
so.' interwoven with each • other, that (i)as
Wotllir be rniaous. What wits It by 1)01
•
borden was the revenue, which, from the co
j'oe 0
had stated, namely, the akura(joa of co