The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-24 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, AIONDA.Y EVENING,

Now ready, in 2 vo's. small Bvo. , with Illustrations, 21s. bound,
NARRATIVE OF THE
-.V.XPEDITION to CHINA,
z'4 from the Commencement of the War to the Present
Period, with Sketches of the Manners 'nd Customs of that
singular, and hitherto almost unknown country.
By Commander J. ELLIOT BINGHAM, R.N.,
Late First Lieutenant of her Majesty's ship Modest e.
Heary Colburn, Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.

FIGHT THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED
MONEY DIVIDENDS will be divided in NEXT
MONTH, amongst 8,200 SELECTED Bonds of the L( /AN
negotiated in the year 1820, andGUARANTEED by the ,GO.
VERNMENT and his Royal Highness the GRAND DUKE
of BADEN.

1 Dividend 50,000 Flerins
1 do. 26,000 "
1 do. 12,000 "
1 do. 10,000 "
1 do. 5,090
8 do. 1,000 "
10 do. 500 "
10 go. 200 "
:1.10 do. 110
200 do. 105
467 do. 100
7,300 do. 94

50,000 Florins
25,000 "
12,000 "
10,000 "
• 5,000 "
8,000 1/
5,000 "
• 2,000 "
22,000 "

21,000 "

46,700 "
686,200 "

8,200 Money Dividends, amounting to 892,900 Florins, or
£74,400 Sterling Money.
8,200 SELECTED Bonds, each of which is sure to obtain
one of the above Dividends.
Largest Dividend £4,166 13 4
Smallest Dividend £ 7 16 8
12 florins equal to £1 sterling, a trifle more or less, as per
the day's exchange.
ALL THE DIVIDENDS PAYABLE WITHOUT AVY
DEDUCTION WHATEVER.
Direct fur the few Bonds which are still on sale, WITHOUT
DELAY, to
HEINE BROTHERS at HAMBURGH.
Bonds are on sale NOW at £l3. Against the end of this
Month the price trill rise to £l4, and the Sale will close in .the
first days of November.
Those who remit £1 6 BEFORE the 28th instant, will re-
ceive an order :cr £2 upon our London Bankers, together .with
the Bond.
To those ordering too late for being attended to, their re-
mittances will he returned by first post.
HEINE BROTHERS.
HAM BUR GIL October 4, 1842

THEATRE ROYAL. COVENT-GARDEN.
THIS PVENING, OCT. 24,
Will be pres'en+ed Shalopeare's Tragedy of MACBETH.
Macbeth, Mr. t'andenhoff; Macduff, Mr. Charles Pitt ;
Banque, Mr. Cooper; Lady Macbeth, Mrs. Salzberg ; Hecate,
Mr. Leffler; First ditch, Mr. Bartley ; Second Witch, Mr.
Meadows; Third Witch, Mr. Harley.
After which, the New Farce, called COUSIN LAMBIZIW.
Stylize Mulberry, Mr. Bartley ; Captain Bantam, M-. Wager
Lacy; Doctor Lionel Lambkin, Mr. Harley ; M-s. Bantam,
Misr. Cooper ; Hos, Maynard, Miss Lee ; Dainty, Mrs. Huriaby.
To conclude with the Ballet Divertissement of THE
WOODEN LEG. Characters by Mr. Gilbei t, Miss Hallin,
Master and Mis 3 Marshall, Mes:rs. J. and T. Ridgwxy, and
Miss Jackson.

Doors, open at Haif-past Six, and the Performances com-
mence at Seven.—Dress Boxes 75., Secrold Price :4. dd. ;
First and Second Circles 55., Second rriee :2s. 64. ; Pit 3s;
Second Price 2s. ; Gallery Is.
Tickets and Places for the Boxes to be taken of liir. Whit-
low, at the Box-office, from Ten till Four, where Season
Tickets may be han.
Private Boxes to be had at the Box-office ; of ilics!rs. An-
drews, 167, New Mod-street ; Mr. Mitchell, Old Bond-street ;
and of Mr. Sams, l'all Mall.

THEATRE ROYAL, ADELPIII.
THIS EVENING, OCT. 24,

Will be presented fHE MISER'S DAUGHTER, which
I '
has been for some time in preparation. and ;slll be pro... Faced
with New Scenery, Dresses, and Novel Effects, combin;ng all
the resources of the Theatre. The Piece dramatised from the
popular Work of the same name, by Mr. Edward Stirling, by per-
mission of the Author, W. Harrison Ainsworth, Esq.. who, in
conjunction with George Cruikshank, Esq., will personally
superintend tip, numerous Tableaux, &c., as illustrated in
6. Aires worth's Al agn zinc."
After which, TI.E DAUGHTER OF THE DANUBE.
Th e Imp, Mr. Wieland ; Fleur-des-Champs. Mdme. Proche
Ginbilei ; " The Frightful, Spiteful, Oid Bachelor," Mrs.
H. P. Grattan.

To conclude with NORMA. Pollio, Mrs. H. P. Grattan ;
Norma, Mr. Paul Bedford; Adalgisa, Mr. Wright.
Boxes, 4s. ; Pit, 2s. ; Gallery, Is. Doors open at half-past
six, commence at seven o'clock.

DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
THIS EVENING, OCTOBER 24,
IN ill be acted a New Drama, entitled ESTELLE DUMAS,
supported by the entire Company.
After which, the Nautical Drama of POOR JACK;. or,
THE WIFE OF A SAILOR. Poor Jack, Mr. T. P. Cooke,
whose performance attracts nightly overflows. Eleanor Mrs.
11. Vining.
To conclude with Mr. Albert Smith's new Drama, called
BLANCHE HERIOT, which has met with most decided
success. Neville Audely, Mr. 11. Hughes ; Hugh Laneret,
Mr. N. T. Hicks; Herrick Erenden, Mr. J. Webster; Blanche
Herint, Mrs. R. Honner.
Places and private Boxes to be had of Mr. J. Kerschner, at
the Box-office, from eleven to four.

Hlfiti WATLIt AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY.
Mornin., 2O minutes after 4 I Evening 40 minutes after 4.

LONDON
MONDAY MORNING. OCTOBER 24, 1841.

Some of the journals in the manufacturing dis-
tricts, from their anxiety to obtain commercial
tr,suties, sketch the principles and details on
which they would have them concluded. We
should feel astonishment at being told by them that
the friends of free trade amongst the manufac-
turers are favoufable to these treaties, were we
not afraid that in general those gentlemen have
no other conception of free trade than that it is
to be free for them, but not for others. They
wish to sell, but they are not desirous of having
competitors. We can comprehend their desire
for commercial treaties, without assenting to its

justice.
The genuine free traders are aware that com-
merce depends on principles which are entirely
distinct from political regulations, and that
statesmen cannot meddle with trade, either to
repress or encourage it, without doing mischief.
The distinction between them is broad and pal-
pable. All political systems are liuntan contri-
vances framed for the protection of the persons
and property of those who live under them ; all
commerce springs from natural cli7ersities of soil,
climate, and capabilities of production ; it is a,
part of the order of nature, and political systems
only come into operation after commerce has
done its work to protect the property and the
rights to which it gives birth. A c • ommercia.
man, therefore, or a manufacturer, should repel
as fiercely any interference of the politician with
trade, as the farmer repels his interference with
the management of his farm, or the manufacturer
repels it when he attempts to dictate how cloth
is to be made.
But manufacturers and traders possess the
selfishness of our common nature, and they think,
like the landlords, that by bringing the action
of the Government to bear on a particular
point, say, in negotiating a treaty with the Brazils
or the United States, they may be enabled to
sell a little more cloth or hardware. We hare
no doubt they are mistaken, but admitting they
are correct, why should the political power and
influence of the whole community be put forth
to promote the sale of a few bales of woollens?
We are as warm and as determined friends to
trade as breathe, but that is carrying political
Pow:m. out of its limits. It is bound to protect
the Property of ail its subjects, and it cannot act
In that particular manner to secure an advantage
o a few without considerable expense, which
falls
on the whole community. Other men are
taxed, therefore, from the supposition of the
woollen manufacturers, that this general action
of the
community a promotes their interest. If
may the community be called on to increase the
wealth of the woollens manufacturers, why not to
increase the wealth of the landlords? The prin-
ciples which justify a commercial treaty also
trnufacturers and
e Consuls and
j ustify a Corn-law. Let our
C°fi
commercial men consider
paid, the fleets Ambassadors that are
that
are maintained, the packets that are
for the protection and use of trade,
,r
putting
i
the community to vast expense for
and especial benefit, and they will perhaps
con-
clude—if -they only were concerned—that the
landlords arc not so far wrong in preserving a
Corn-law, and may then possibly End out that it
Will be better to be without commercial treaties
tlan justify the interference of the ignorant
statesman with every branch of human en-
terprise. -
In the ease of the Brazils, it is supposed that
the r •at •
,e,smtou will turn on admitting Brazilian
sugar into our markets a lower rate of duty.
But our Government contends that the present
discriminating duty is an act of justice to the
West Indians; and will that
Brazilian sugar at a lower duty Government admit
order to promote
the4ale of. :woollens, when it has stubbornly re-
flisectit, because the reduction was unjust, to the
prayers of the sllitring people? Either
that dis-
criminating duES.C- just or it is not.
that it is flagrant
injustice—th We contend
e Government
contends that it, just. For the Governments

therefore, to give up a portion of that duty for
the sake o►f a trade with the Brazils, will be, on
its own principles, sacrificing the West Indians
to the woollen manufacturers. We cannot advo-
cate such a crookedi course of conduct; and a
reduction of the diseriminating duty on that
ground would brand the Government with addi-
tional injustice, while it would leave the injustice
now perpetrated on, the consumers of sugar
wholly unredressed.
There is another point of view at which- we
may look at this question. Mr. CANNING, in
his letter to the Prussian Minister, distinctly re-
pudiated the demands of that gentleman for a
reduction of duties on corn, because that and
every similar species of impost was a pure muni-
cipal regulation, with which foreign nations had
-nothing whatever to do, and with which he would
not suar them to interfere. He would not look
at the question at the foreigner's request. That
was just and proper, and the Parliament of Eng-
land ought to set its face against allowing any
foreign Government whatever to influence in any
degree, however small, the amount and form of
taxes or duties to be levied in this con try. But
if we ought not to allow such an interference,
why should we seek to interfere with other na-
tions? Why should our Government, at the in-
stigation of the woollen manufacturers, oe the
linen yarn spinners, ask the American or the
French Government to alter its municipal regu-
lations? If such a system be begun, we see no
end to it, and the taxes of every county—of this
land of freedom, for example, may conic to he
regulated by the wishes and interests of Russia.
Commerce must wi❑ its own way. It is like
rain and wind, essential to the prosperity of the
human race, and it needs not the hot-house forc-
ing of the politician. Its soul is freedom. -To ask
Government for help is to place it in bondage.
The duties of Government in regard •to it are
very limited, and are comprised in the phrase,
lc tit alone. Commerce obviously depends on
the progress of nations. Our own exports of ma-
nutllctures isalmost the consequence of the steam-
engine. Ithasnot yet existed to any extent for half
a century. How can politicians tell what new steam
or other engines may be invented to give com-
merce a totally different form and character?
They must henceforward be as ignorant of what

is to come a. 7, they were in past times, and to rtSk
them to negotiate commercial treaties, or make
commercial regulations, is to forget the enor-
mous errors they have committed, and the mis-
chief they have done. They must set trade free,
and every step which is not an approximation to
freedom ought to be opposed. They must leave
the manufacturer and. the merchant to his own
energies, as they leave the smith and the tailor.
Let them do justice to their own people, and they
may rely on commerce overturning every po-
litical system which is put up in opposition to it.

It was stated in the Times on Saturday, on the
authority of statistical tables recently published,
that the average price of labour in France is lf.
00e., or 19d.3per day. In the department of the
Rhine it is If. 40c., or 14d. In the Seine Infe-
rieure it is 2f. In the department of the Seine,
which includes Paris, the price is higher ; but
this is a solitary case as regards the general rate.
Assuming these facts to be correct, they are in-
structive.

In the Times of Friday it was stated that the
price of the best bread was 391 higher in Lon-
don than in Paris. As wages are principally laid
out for bread, as the price of bread has a great
influence over the price of all other things, we
must conclude that wages in France are 39i- per
cent. more valuable in relation to bread, and nearly
all other things, thanin England. Consequently,
wages in France should be raised 39a per cent.,
in order to constitute a fair comparison between
the value of wages, or what they will buy in
France and England. On the principle, and taking
40 per cent. as a round number, the average wages
of France is very nearly 27d. per day; the lowest
rate mentioned is 191 d., and the highest 28d.
The average wages of the agricultural districts in
England i, not above 'lsd. In many parts of
Somerset and Wiltshire we have much testimony,
including that of Mr. B. ESCGTT, M.P., to prove
that the wages of agricultural labourers do not
exceed Gs. per week, or 12d. per day. On this
comparison, it follows that the average wages
of agricultural labourers in England are
25 per cent. lower _ than the. lowest wages
in France; and the lowest wages of agri-
cultural labourers in England are 63 per
cent. lower than the lowest wages of labour in
France. That is the result of our Corn-laws.
Here is JOHN BULL reduced by his paternal
Legislature to a worse condition than his old
wooden-shoe and derided grog-eating opponent.
We are pretty sure, too, that JOHN BULL is at
present in a far worse condition than Herr
Sauerkraut, or than any other labourer In
Europe; and to that he has been reduced be-
cause the landlords would not allow the in-
habitants of towns freely to prosecute their in-
dustry, and buy and sell freely with other nations.
The same paragraph tells us that wages are
higher in Paris than elsewhere. The same fact
is true of'London. Wages are higher here than
in most parts of the country. Wages are, as
the rule, always higher in towns than in
the country. As the rule, the labour carried
on in towns is more skilled labour that;
the labour of the country, and therefore it
is better paid. England having a much larger
town population than France, the average wages
of the whole community are, no doubt, consider-
ably higher in England than in France, while the
wages of agricultural labourers is lower. That
sets in a clear light the immense injury which
the law does to the working classes, by prevent-
ing the growth of towns, and by encouraging
agriculture in preference to commerce and ma-
nufactures. It (looms them to starve on Gs. a
week when they might get 12.5., 18s., or 245., and
live well on their wages. The law encourages
agpculture, and discourages manufactures, and
the law, therefore, compels the people to put up
with the wages of unskilled, instead of obtaining the wages of skilled labour. It degrades the:,
as we have proved, :25 per cent. lower than the
lowest class of frog-eating, wooden-shoed labour-
ers of France. What a benevolent law ! How
worthy of the respect, obedience, and reverence
of Mr. JOHN BULL!

The great agricultural wit, the TIERNEY, SHE-
RIDAN, and BURKE, combined in one of the
county gentlemen and farmers, Sir Jon N TVRREL,
has been amusing his friends at Saffron Walden
as much as be amused them at Hinckford. He
found out, at a meeting held there on Wednes-
day, the most charming reasons why he and they
should not be afraid of American pigs, and why
the poor should be put on their guard against
eating the carnivorous pork which comes from
America.

Let us at once .put our readers in possession of
this gem of wit and wisdom. Sir Jourr said—
He had all along felt the competition we should ,be
exposed to in pork awl salt beef; but with respect to
the imported pork it was a matter of notoriety that it
wasted very materially in boiling, even to the extent
of one-half.—(Hear, hear.) The reason of th;s great
waste had also been intimated to him by those who
had lately been in A-nerica, and he would state
it as a fact, because in distress it was always
agreeable to listen to alleviating circumstances. In
America the sheep were so worthless that, except
in a few instances, the skin only was used,
whilst the carcase was throw a away. The rea-
souc!f this was, as hai been stated by the American
t. Minister, whose ability and knowledge as an agricul-
ur. st he need not dilate upon, that they could not
WOW turnips or
mangel-wurzel on account of the heat
in summer and the cold in winter. The way, then,
in which thepi?orkwas fatted was this—the pigs eat
i
the sheep.—
(laughter.) He did not state this
on light authority a ;
n point of fact the pigs in Ame-
rica eat the she(-,
were the cave the i"9l.
IP'p.—
(Continued laughter.) If this
n who bought American
pork need not at all wonder at its great waste in boil-
ing. Persons had been accused of giving offal to pigs
in this country, andAmericansMr, were only cat Ting
the
out the same ptin2iple.
doubt be astonishe 1 to finrd Jonas Webb would no
his farm-yard assaulted
some day by an army of •
excellent mutton no et.Juht,Pb'gust :itthey would like his
lous sight nevertheless.—(Lau . would be a marvel-
ghter.)
When boxers are in traini,,a- they eat mutton
chops, and we do not sea the connection,
on an there-
fore: between feeding on rim mutt -a - pork ,

wasting, but if that connection inspires Sir JOHN
TYRREL with satizt.abtion.,.a.nd affprds a ground of
hope to the farpoerx? we wili4lot. rudely snatch it
away. It isnotothc*rwis_ctllan4le-asimit to us to learn
that the agricUlturists are so proud of their own
productions and think so meanly of those of other
countries, beCause they Maythen-allow us to have
them withotttr-'imy• fear
.-f'or their :own interest.
Now that Sir Jon;.g.has fo.Und.out stich an excel-
lent reason fur'Jlot being `ala'imed at American
7- • -
pigs, can 71.1 e. not, in goodliMe„ toto= prepare for
PEEL'S next-Steir,--frua--Edtt-s6fire-t qually good
reasons why tbe:fa,rtiier•s May,admit American
flour without any kiss?, . The .:worthy Baronet
•
must know that is-groltifd wltli:sOft stones, and
is gritty; tat Atnotica:'l.ifvl)eatf,ls never well
cleansed, aid is not wol•tif aS much as EiSCX
wheat by at least Sir ROBERT
PEEL only ga;:c,the Word tq allow: the free im-
portation ofAmerieau TYRRELL
would findinany,4lleviattlisircutristances quite
as rational aS the affeCiin-g 'Statenient that Ame-
rican pork is w6r-iii` littleld-r 'galling, because
American pig'i reed on •

LIT ER AT:tilt E. .'
LETTERS (L' - MARY; 0 US.EW .OF SCOTS.
2 r r,..-;:buip.c.A.nifi.on; 1842.
In these fiitere'Stibp; Vii,lbies We have a faithful
translationilroirilhe ;feu of Mii-.4 Agnes Strick-
land, of theislitaited L'E(.,....,:,:0t..-..\Eiry, Queen of
Scots, collecte4clV.ilie`-ila-Ssien Prince, Alex-
ander LitlyatutiF2='•froin" the inanuscripts in the
Royal libialiiT.urid. narior;af'w-cliiVes at Paris.
With the :fetters-.of, ,Q;neen Mary are inter-
spersed otlierA.4that wer'6,..a',l.drc,..is.'ed to her by
various distiriglii•slied 1ie..:.4;i11,,-..;':•s;•• also several
of the RepoftS'aflie
,r'..renchAtii baisadors, which
tend to eli4 ,:late:r-igstqi:i.tiu.V*Ages in the life
of Elizabeth .
~...-,k -5t `Ti-eAtt!,'-:Aviiz:i-en introduction,
the fair editor,'Nlieatil.r,z;Of tlte‘;4lllstolary talents
of the Scoitlsh;Qiie.C.ro, :cay..p.;,!‘ Though acknow-
ledged to be--o-tla..y,„ei:y sple.r.loe "Order, they have
scarcely as ..3et-Weeii --r4W.:;at, their full value.
No one, liow•e\te.r;i:Wlio Is,-eitiaTile;of appreciating
the beauty -.ail& sitnplicitY of her style, and the
eloquence of her expressiqßsoedeny that her
Letters very tar stilTa4liiroe...of: her most ac •
r
complished "*"-. ' "li #
.„.--..•.-oA.lesen excepting
those of lk .1' : A- - ' "NI": ()key." This is
lavish prai4 -
..,1 a 4tts. t ikiak i~ will be
borne out,-"peFili4 1 pr.thq7 " tters in ques-
tion.ii Simples - 1 •;:,iio4Of.4l4Wil feeling; and
they possess; 'ff.ft--0-...,.` 4.461r.7TAT, ieh Miss btrick-
land has ills4k,' -i,,frictittiO.,i'ali*.iy, tact and
address, as',Aliii:\,,.,;tl74l-..51.iik.y...2a supplicatory
epistle to tlleotte)4tki-,l4Aty,oi;l6k a dexterous
I
allusion to 14 ..- 4t.biltA 1.0.0.4;1',Nki I,,was a species
of flattery 00411704411.1)1e: i;i, the English
Queen ; buf;lfe4-7.,. : yofi:vilv . 't the Letters
evince any kirifilAy,Olabibi.ii . 4,)l4tpression" on
which the .c.:(;:r.li'v#Y):l:tiiYrgAi.W,lii3iir*;. on the con-
trary, they •1341,,In?11)-5.:t4 I)4:Father dry and
homely in sy-1.4.7:41r,fak,,,ft,41?1-o;ilie gen eToI i ty
of Royal epT4oo.4..,,Yle.Otlf4:Wite-Aleception, that
they exhibtt,iillire.,tiihre't:incei* of feeling.
On the wholeYl4b-oth.;+4l:. is ~iii exceedingly
civility
curious and i: te-..*iii6. ~.aq.stilace the cha-
racter of tit - .i iltil very pleasing
and ainiabl t . . 414,.' 1

Y ~: ~

1, - 7 •i
C OVA T CIRCUII AR.
WINDSOR, 5604-7-110 and Prince Al-
bert, and the ii.9y4444.:64(l.lieaqthiild, attended Di-
vine service this morning ln:tlie,,pninite chapel within
the Castle. The Hon. -and ward Southwell
Keppel officiated.: The Rev: Gentleinan will have the
honour of dining wah her Majesty and his Royal
Highness this evening.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess' of Kent attended
Divine service at the parish church, New 'Windsor.
The Rev. Mr. Bowyer officiated, and the Rev. H.
Hopwood preached the sermon.
Lady Charlotte Dundas and. Sir George and Lady
Couper were in her Royal Highness's suite.
Prom the unsettled state of the weather yesterday
there was no Movement of the Court, excepting a
short walk both morning and afternoon on the Terrace
by her Majesty and her Illustrious Consort.
- Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Lady
Che'dotte Dundas, and Sir George and, Lady Couper
joined the Royal dinner eircle at- the Castle yesterday
evening.

His Royal Highness
,the Hereditary Prince of
Mecklenburgh Sire] iti honoured Covot-garden Thea-
tre -r.lth hTi preserwe an Saturday evening. The
Prince aftirwards returned to . the residence of the
Duke of 11111.bkidg-e.at New.
Count Itgentlow, the Danish Minister, visited the
Earl of Aberdeen on Saturday, at the Foreign-office.
His Excellency the', Ottoman
.Ambassador trans-
acted business the. Foreign-Office, on Saturday.
Dispatcheswere received yesterday at the Colonial-
office, from the Governor of Heligoland.
Mr. E. J. Couper, late 111.1), for Sligo, Mrs. Couper,
and family, have left Parrance's .Motel, Belgrave-
street, to spend the. whiter at Nice.

_
RESTORA T lON OF THE MANU
FACTURE 01?, WATCHES TO GREAT BRI-
TAIN.
Some very important circumstances are now work-
ing in an under-current, which will materially co-
operate in producing the beneficial results in the re-
vival of our manufactures, ,aimed at by the recent ta-
riff. The same cause that led to the depreciation in
the price and character of many of our cotton
and silk manufactures, viz., competition by manu-
facturers to undersell each other, by supplying
rubbish, and which has been So ably exposed in
the House of Conimons, had -many years pre-
viously entirely' destroyed our export trade in
watches, and very considerably depreciated the home
trade. A Select Committee, of the -House of Com-
mons sat upon thiS snbject in the year 1818, and it
appears from the Report, thatin 1796 the number of
gold and silver. watch-cases marked 'in Goldsmiths'-
hall amounted to 191,678.; while in- the year 1816
the gradual reduction had brought that number down
to 102,112, exhibiting a diminution. of 89,566, or
nearly one-half; and. it fiwther appears, from the last
edition of " M'Cialloeh's Dictionary of Commerce,"
that that number was reduced 1841 to less than
100,000. In.one,toivnship alone in Lancashire, called
Prescott, in which the manufacture of the movements
of watches was the staple, there werein 1821, 869 fa-
milies employed •in handicrafts, while • in ,1831, from
the manufacture of watches being utterly destroyed,
that number was- reduced to only 540.
That which this country has lost, .Switzerland has
chiefly gained ; and. it is proved that England is, in
this respect, tributary to the continent— that every
year the quantity of ! foreign watches .sold in London
and in the principal towns of: the three kingdoms is
more than tenfold the'amount of thoSe manufactured
in England. • -
The great injury to.our manufactures and loss to
our trade is likely speedily to have an• end, a gentle-
man who has devoted;twenty years of his life to this
subject, having Made a variety of machines by which
an incredible number of watches, of every variety of
size, may be made in a day.. 'By one of the machines
300 perfect plates iican be., produced in a day, by
another the same quantity of barrels ; fiy five machines
the requisite number 'of centre, third, and fourth
wheels (crossed, polished, and but), with balances for
300 movements. By 'ariether 200 pinions can be cut
and rounded ; by another the. holes hre drilled, the
tapping, the screw holes,: the various parts in the plate
are sunk, planting the depths and escapements, &c., and
all with such exactness as cannot be excelled ; another
for the makilg and polishing 'of pivots, &c. Four
other machines will he sufficient for making pivots for
GO movements a day; and to add to these, there arc
twenty other machines for every description of work
connected with watch-making, and which altogether
constitute a set. The inventor has submitted these
machines to the scrutinising inspection of the most
experienced makers of chronometers and watches in
London, and not one has expressed a doubt of the
work so produced being incomparably superior to that
done in the usual way. Among other distinguished
names in the trade we have observed those of Mr.
Barwise, Mr. Earnshaw, Mr. Hewett, Mr. Vieyres,
Messrs. Frodsham and Co., with about a hundred
watchmakers in the country, who, with the Duke of
Hamilton, Mr. Mildred (of the firm of Messrs. Mas-
terman and Co.); and Mr. Howell (of the firm of
Howell and James), at their head, are' engaged in
carrying out the great and national object of restoring
this lost and important, manufacture, to England, by
means which, while they will greatly lessen the
price, improve the 'quality, and entirely undersell our
foreign rivals, will be. very largely profitable to all
parties concerned: - The subject is now in the hands
of the Attorney-General. . •

VISITORS TO 11E2 MAJESTY AT WINDSOR CASTLE:—
Amongst the distinguished visitors who are expected
to arrive at the Castle upon a short visit to the Queen,
during the early part of this week, are her Majesty's
illustrious relatives, Orli'. Royal:Highnesses the Duke
and Duchess of Cambridge, accompanied by the Prin-
cesses Augusta and Mary. .llis Serene 'highness the
Hereditary Grand Duke of- Mecklenburg Strelitz,
(who is betrothed' to the Princess Augusta of Cam-
bridge, her Majesty's cousin), will arrive at the same
time upon a visit to the -Queen. Several other dis-
tinguished visitors are expected at the Castle to join
the Royal and illustrious family circle previously to
the departure of the. Court for Brighton, which has
been arranged to take place on Tuesday, the Bth
proximo. His Imperial Highness
~the Arch-Duke
F ede ick of Austria' who will again be 'the guest of
the Queen before his d.parture from this country, will
probably take leave:of.her Majesty during the sojourn
of the Court §t Brighton.; •

MISS MARTINE A U.
(From the National Anti-Slavery Standard.)
In answer to a letter addressed to Miss Martineau
by Mr. Hutton, lamenting that she would not consent
to receive h pension when offered to her by Lord Grey,
and urging,her to re-consider her determination and
accept the pension, from the Administration of Lord
Melbourne, Miss Martineau writes the following:—
"My dear Mr. Hutton,—You would not easily
believe the delight your note has afforded me, as a
fresh proof of your faithful and generous friendship.
"My objections to literary pensions, conferred
otherwise than immediately from Parliament, remain
in full force. I owe it to your kindness to declare
the grounds of my objections to this mode of provi-
sion ; but I owe it to you that (apart from all scruples
of pride) my feelings against receiving a pension are
full as strong as my reasons, and would, I believe, in-
duce me to give my present answer, even if I had no
reason to offer.

" The first of these reasons is, that money given as
a reward for public service should be conferred only
at the express desire of the public served; such ser-
vice having been wholly irrespective of Government.
If such pensions were conferred by the representatives
of the people, instead of by the Ministry, whom I
cannot look upon as true exponents of the popular
desire in this instance, I should probably thankfully
accept what I must, under present arrangements,
decline.

" Again, I am certain that I shall lose more or less
of my freedom of speech, if not of thought. I am
aware how generously it is desired that the recipients
of pensions should divest themselves of thiS feeling;
but with me this would be impossible. I could never
again deny to myself that I. was under a personal
obligation to the Premier and others, and need not
specify to you what restrictions would follow of course.
" Again, I am sure my personal influence, and that
which I exercise through the press, would suffer
much ; not with all, hut with many. If I were fully
satisfied as to the act being unexceptionable, I should
probably not regard any misrepresentation that might
be put upon it. But, feeling as I do, I should suffer
from any decline of my influence, without having a
right to complain, accompanied as such loss would be
by a loss on my own part of self-respect, I have a
strong suspicion, that if I accepted a pension I should
never again address the public with freedom and
satisfaction. You will not, lam sure, suspect me of
blaming any who take the sort of pension which I
feel myself compelled to decline. If they speak and
feel differently, they are right in acting differently; I
speak only for myself. •
" Let me assure you that I do not feel the need of
this assistance. ,My wants are small, and thus far I
have supplied them. lam still able to work. If I
lose this power, I have a little store to meet what will
probably then he a short exigency. If I continue
able to work, I hope to remain as free from an anxiety
about a subsistence as I am at present.
"I da not say that, I (in common with other au-
thors) have act a claim for aid, and just cause to com-
plain of my-poverty; hut my claim is one which can-
not be met by Royal or Ministerial bounty. If lite-
rary property had been protected, as all other pro-
perty is, I.should have been now enjoying more than
a competence, together-. with advantages of another
kind, which I value far more. In this direction, my
dear friend, you may be able to benefit, not me—per-
haps it may be too late for that—but many authors in
future, who may be happier in the protection of the
laws than literary labourers of this generation. To
Ministers who will see to the carrying out of laws
already passed for our protection, and to Members of
Parliament who will urge the passing of others, I
promise gratitude as strong as if they had placed me
in a situation of pecuniary ease for life.
" I shall feel henceforth that a fresh strength has
been added to the respect and regard with which I
have always been yours, most truly,
" H. MARTINEAU."

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