The Sun.
London, England, 1845-02-27 00:00:00

THE WEATHER.-SUN OFFICE, FEB. 26.

tually it found its way into the pockets of the consumer.
The question excited little interest out of doors, and its
agitation was only calculated to perpetuate slavery, by
exciting ill-founded hopes in the minds of the Cuban and
Brazilian planters.
Mr. _MACAULAY understood that the objections to the
proposition of his Noble Friend were upon a purely moral
grounds; but bethought no such moral grounds existed as
those which had been alleged in opposition to this proposi-
tion. If this moral ground existed, why did they continue
the statute which prohibited the growth of tobacco by
free-labour in the United Kingdom, while they took
tobacco from the United States which was exclu-
sively the product of slave-labour, thus giving
the monopoly of tobacco to slaveowners ? They
proposed, also, to do away entirely with
duty on slave-grown cotton. Slavery in the United
States, more particularly in the breeding States,
was more horrible and demoralising than it was in Brazil,
and yet they took this slave-labour produce of these
men, who held themselves out as the apostles
of the stave-trade, while they refused to take the pro-
duce of Brazil, which had abolished the slave trade by
law, and had conceded to us the right of search. The
moral argument was untenable, and every com-
mercial and financial consideration was in favour
of the proposition of his Noble Friend. He
abhorred the system of slavery most sincerely, and
had resigned an office which he had held under
Lord Grey's Government, rather than support the system
of apprenticeship.
Sir J. GRAHAM confirmed the assertion of the Right
Hon. Gentleman, and passed a high eulogium upon him
fur the disinterestedness of his conduct. The question
involved considerations not only of morals, but of
finance, of commerce, of humanity, and justice, and as
he was not prepared either to sacrifice the colonies or
to encourage the slave trade, he felt bound to oppose
the motion.

embarkation of a large body of troops, and an instant
descent upon an enemy's coast. In these times the
delays of former Executives would be our ruin. Happily,
by means of our steam navy, we can run almost any
number of soldiers or force in one day, two, or three,
accor,:ing to the geographical position of the point to be
reached, in commodious, roomy vessels, drawing very
little water, and bidding defiance to the tides and the
winds. The two great essentials to be provided in these
craft are, an armament of which the power, range, and
execution may more than compensate for the fewness of
the pieces ; and such a system of defence for their
machinery as may secure
,it as much as possible from
the effect of external violence ; for without this protec-
tion to the means, the ends they are intended for cannot
be accomplished.
The armament of the Terrible, which was launched at
Deptford on the 6th inst., may serve as a criterion for
estimating the tremendous force of the floating bat-
terries which our steam navy will comprise. The
Terrible is to be fitted on her upper deck with two 68-
pounder guns, of 112 cwt. each, mounted on pivots
forward; two 68 pounder guns, of similar weight and
mounting, aft; four 8-inch guns, of 65 cwt. each, mid-
ships, mounted on ship carriages, and capable of firing
68-pounder shells. On the lower-deck two 56-pounder
guns of 85 cwt. each, forward; two of the same kind aft;
four 8-inch guns, of 65 cwt. each, midships, for 68-
pounder shells. The range and effect of such terrible
artillery may be collected from the fact that the guns
on the upper deck, made on the principle of Lieutenant-
Colonel Dusnas, are of a description which was found,
in recent experiments at Deal, to carry 68-pounder solid
shot considerably more than two miles. The guns on
the lower deck will carry 56-pounder shots also :more
than two miles. The sixteen guns which the Terrible
is to mount will weigh, without their carriages, more
than sixty-five tons. It may be anticipated that the
naval conflicts will be abridged in the ratio of the
colossal powers of these engines of destruction. So
much for armament.

THERMOMETER, Lowest, 36 ; Ilighest, 45 ; Noon, 44.
BAROMETER, 29.71.—W1ND, E.

NOTR.—The figures which follow the words "Lowest" and
" Highest" denote the lowest and highest state of the
Thermometer during the preceding twenty-four hours. All
the other observations are made at noon.

The House was subsequently addressed by Mr. C.
WOOD, Sir It. PEEL, Lord PALMERSTON, and Sir C.
NAPIER, after which the House divided, and the motion
was lost by a majority of 94, the numbers being—for the
amendment, 142 ; against it, 236.
The House adjourned at One o'clock.

As to the steamer machinery, and the means of pro-
tecting it, we venture to presume that the Admiralty
will, in the first place, as fast as occasion may offer, fit
out our ships-of-war, whether steamers or others, with
FOULERTON'S ship propeller. This admirable invention
will enable every ship in a squadron or fleet, in case of
action, to work her head round in four or five minutes,
so as to lay herself in any position she may desire to
occupy in respect of her antagonist. By this simple
mechanism we may hope to lose no more naval victo-
ries, as has happened to us ere now, when hard fighting,
consummate seamanship, and inflexible intrepidity, had
put them within our grasp. Had NELSON possessed
this equipment, how many of the Combined Fleet
would have escaped to tell in Spain or France the tale
of Trafalgar? But, as we predicted when first noticing the
invention, its uses are so manifest, and their application so
facile, that prejudice and prepossession themselves must
do homage to the discovery, by making way for its uni-
versal adoption. The other grand application of mecha-
nical science to the working of our steam navy will
undoubtedly be, we should say, the total disuse of paddle-
wheels and boxes, and the employment of the Archime-
dean screw, as the impelling power. To say nothing of
the unsightliness of that extension of beam, which is a
necessary incident of the paddles, the creation of a
counter-force in the backwater they produce, and the
consequent retardation of the steamer's way, by these pad-
dles, with the integrity of wheel, the whole motive prin-
ciple is identified. It is evident that in a stormy passage
One half of her engine power may be lost by the
continued dip of the vessel to the action of a
continued wind and running sea, the stress of which
is on that side of her. The other, at the same
time, may be so much submerged as to endanger
the putting out of her fires, and therefore the loss of
her course, and all the accidents which may follow,
But in action a few red-hot shot, or a heavy ball from
one gun of large calibre, may demolish the box, unship
the engine, and leave the craft a complete log upon the
water. This liability is so self-evident, that the only
wonder is how it can be, for a moment, lost sight of.
Now the steam-engine and machinery to work the Ar-
chimedeen screw, which screw cannot, from its position,
aft, and descending through the keel, as it were, be at
any time so much lifted out of the water as to be in-
capable of continuing its regular action, as every new
ship (and we know not why it should not be so managed
in old ones to which this screw may be fitted) can be
conveniently placed in her waist, and otherwise pro-
tected from such fearful and incessant exposure to external
injury. By this change of position, moreover, the ship or
vessel will be better ballasted, if we may so speak. The
weight of the machinery will readily be adapted to the
true centre of gravity, and the line of displacement will
assume conditions more favourable to her rapid and easy
progress. The paddle-box must presently follow the
fate of the towering sterns and elevated poops of our
war-vessels under the TUDORS and the STUARTS. They
will be useless, and remembered only to be smiled at
We sincerely true, and believe, that the Admiralty has
now embarked in good earnest on their noble and all-
important task of improving the navy, reforming our
naval architecture, and retrieving the errors and mis-
management, the imbecility or favouritistn, of too many
among the present Board's predecessors in office. Let
us heartily congratulate the Lords Commissioners them-
selves, the country, and the service, on these auspicious
auguries of better and wiser counsels than have for a
long past period presided in this department.

It is with unaffected pleasure that we refer to some
items of naval intelligence, which are received with
sufficient confidence in the best-informed professional
circ'ea to warrant us in assuming them to be founded in
truth. It is understood that the Admiralty Beard are
about to take a decisive and immediate step in the right
and wise direction of giving the utmost efficiency which
it comes within the province of their constitution to
communicate to that which is now destined to be the
right arm of the most vigorous of our national forces—
namely, our war-steamer navy. We are tempted to hope
that the days of official favouritism and personal in-
fluence are numbered at that department in which, of
all ether branches of our Executive administration, it is
most essential that public trusts and public duties should
be sternly discharged with unsleeping vigilance, as well
as with uncompromising impartiality. One of the
most emphatic indications which can be given to
the public of the prevalence of this healthy state of feel-
ing at the Board of Admiralty must, of course, be looked
fur in the demonstration of their inaccessibility to other
claims but those of the public service, and other solicita-
tions but those of their own sense of public duty, in de-
termining on the plan for the construction and armament
of ships building or to be built, and of their promptitude
to give reward and encouragement to those candidates
for eminence, or those most important services, whose
merits have been duly tested and found to justify the
distinction of such a preference. A most intelligible in-
dication of the character we speak of has just been ex-
hibited by the Lords of the Admiralty, in their marked
recognition of his abilities and skill, who may hope long
to be remembered as the builder of the Terrible. We
hare no wish to reflect unnecessarily on the much-con-
tested qualities of the models produced by the Surveyor
of the Navy. But the practical judgment of the dis-
tinguished authorities who have now confirmed the
superiority of the Master hhipwright's principles of con-
struction, &c., as evidenced by their opinions of the
Terrible, is worth a hundred theoretical pleas in favour
of those exemplifications of naval architecture that have
been produced on the Surveyor-General's " intuitive
principle." Among other announcements we find the
following in the columns of the Times :
" Mr. Lang, master shipwright at Woolwich Dockyard,
has given such satisfaction to the Lords Commissioners of the
Admiralty in the design and construction of the Terrible,
which has also met with the approbation of all the naval
officers who have seen her, that he has been ordered to build
another of the same magnificent dimensions and tonnage,
and in every other respectlike her, with the exception that sheis
to be fitted with the screw propellerinstead of paddle-wheels.
Messrs. Maudsley, Field, and Sons, are to supply the steam-
eogines of 800-horse power.
" Mr. Lang has also been ordered to lay down a first-class
steam-sloop, to be named the Niger, upon a plan submitted
by himself, and she is to have a screw propeller, and be com-
plete in March, 1847."
All this is very good. If the Admiralty will cause a
few such standard ships as the " Terrible" to be built it
is easy to see how the Government in the next and fu-
ture years may go on adding to the number, increasing
the strength, enlarging and vastly reinforcing the arma-
ment, and securing the efficiency of our war-steamers,
and even line-of-battle ships, with much reduced esti-
mates. We take leave to notice a few of the heads
under which these very desirable results might be
realised. In reference both to the indispensable neces-
sity fur, and superior effectiveness of, war-steamers over
sailing ships- of-war, and the growing conviction of the
superior advantage of a heavy armament mounted on two
decks, over an equal, or somewhat greater, weight of
metal distributed over three, it is to be presumed that
the Admiralty will discontinue, for the present, altoge-
ther, the building of any new ships of the line of the first
class—three-deckers. Among all the wasteful and ex-
pensive follies of past Admiralty administrations, none
have been more signal than those of the pertinaciously-
adhered-to system of constructing, at a vast expense,
.hips of those dimensions and capacity, drily to cut them
down, after a very few years' experience of their objec-
tionable working, into second-rates, at a further enormous
expense t o the public. The public is, by this time,
feelingly convinced that, independently of the grievous
grounds they have fur complaint on the score of profli-
gate expenditure, occasioned by this wanton process of
alternate " building up and pulling down," rasees seldom
turn out good vessels of that class into which the trans-
formation has lowered them. The great height of three•
deckers, the enormous addition which the upper deck,
with its guns and appointments, makes to the superin-
cumbent mass and weight above the water• line, and the
general tendency of their build or their stowage to bring
the ports of their lower deck-tier too near the water-
way—these conditions are found to mar their saiiing
qualities, to tsake them steer heavily, or to render it in
blowing weather dangerous to keep her lower ports
open, and absolutely impracticable to do so in the event
of going into action ; a defect by reason of which the
force and operation of one-third of her battery are ne-
cessarily lost. The advantage of building long two-
deckers (not such as the "Albion," by the way, but ships
that will carry their lower tier of guns and heaviest
metal some feet higher out of the water than those of
the lower deck on a first class line-of-battle ship) are
manifest. They are, for the reason last mentioned,
better sailers, having that quality in common with
the frigate, which makes the frigate, as a class,
the cleanest and fastest " sea-boat" in the service.
It seems to be allowed, that whilst two-deckers could
carry heavier metal, with more room to work the guns,
they would also economise the numerical strength of
crews. Their heavy ordnance would be so judicially
placed in relation to tonnage, stowage, ship's working,
and the plane of her motion, that these would be much
less affected by such disturbing forces, as the discharge
of such great guns, than they would be in the case of
any three-decker under ordinary circumstances. There is
yet another advantage attaching to these long two-
deckers. You might increase your complement of
marines in each ; for they would be most expert and
efficient in assisting to work the guns abroad, and be
found, in operations on shore, where military, conjointly
with naval services, might be requisite, a still more
valuable and able force, if that indeed be possible, than
this admirable corps has on all occasions approved itself.
Let it not be said, that to adopt, on a large scale, a new
system of naval constructions and armaments, would
lay up too large a portion of the navy in ordinary. On the
contrary, you would then have abundance of shipping of
the highest character, to carry to the remotest settlements
which our flag protects the various military reliefs
incessantly required by extraordinary emergencies, or by
the regular rotation of the service. What can be more
proper than that QUEEN'S troops should be carried in
QUEEN'S ships ? What more wise, just, humane, or
economical, than thus to get rid of the costly and clumsy
adjunct of your transport service, and to avoid the
frightful sacrifices of human life which every year occur,
from the unseavvorthiness of the craft you are now too
frequently obliged to take up for these purposes ? What
more politic, than by such a course to secure at once the
constant practical exercise and discipline of your sailing
men-of-war crews, and the cultivation of friendly and
comrade-like relations of good fellowship and intelligence
between your soldiers and your sailors ?
If we advert to the requisitions which the progress of
steam navigation establishes on all the attention of a
Government like ours, we shall find ample additional
reasons to rejoice that the Premier has been fortunate
enough to realise a surplus revenue at the same time he
calls for increased navy estimates. Let us suppose that
a fatal necessity shall have arisen for the immediate

The eighth anniversary of the Buckingham Conserva-
tive Association was celebrated on Tuesday in the Town-
hall, when about 300 members sat down to dinner. The
Duke of BUCKINGHAM was in the chair. We are glad
to find that the complaints against Sir ROBERT PEEL
and his new tariff were not so loud and violent
as might have been anticipated in a county so
much under Tory and clerical influence. The
s
Conservative members, it is true, grumbled and
poke " at PEEL," but their anger was compara-
tively mild, and they resolved not to despair while they
had the Noble Duke at their head, and, to do the Duke
justice, lie claimed for himself and his party sufficient
power. In fact, he reiterated the well-known words of
the Duke of RICHMOND, which have been
condensed into the following phrase:—" Those
who made PEEL can unmake him." "It was
his firm belief," said the Duke of BUCKING.
HAM, " that it was entirely in the power of the country
gentlemen of England to keep any Government within
proper limits and in proper order, and that if they acted
up to the principles which they avowed upon the hust-
ings there need be no fear that the agriculture of the
country would be protected. He offered this humble
opinion honestly and conscientiously, and were he
in the House of Commons he would act boldly up to
it." The real gravamen, however of the charge against
their own idol was, that he seemed to have forgotten
entirely that the English language contained the word
" agriculture." " Already," said Mr. EATON, "in the
present year they had heard much about the reduction of
the auction duties, and the duties upon glass and a va-
riety of other articles, from men who were supposed to
be the leaders of an agricultural Parliament. But, alas !
it was no longer an agricultural Parliament, for even in
the opening speech of the session so much as the name
of agriculture was not once mentioned." Captain
FITZMAURICE sings in the same strain, " From the
circumstance of their depressed state not having been
even alluded to, one would be led to think that the
Right Hon. Baronet had been rehearsing the old ballad,
4 Oh, no we never mention them.' " The only just and
unanswerable speech made on the occasion was by Mr.
CLAYTON, the Member for Aylesbury. It was very
brief, but quite to the purpose, and requires not a word
of comment. "He had great confidence," he said, "in
the measures of her MAJESTY'S Government, for, al-
though agriculture could not participate in the improve-
ments made by those measures, yet he would not be
dismayed, because it would be contrary to all experi-
ence and to the soundest principles of legislation, to sup-
pose that if the trade and manufactures of the country
continued to flourish, agriculture would remain in its
present depressed state."

Madrid journals of the 18th inst. hare been received
On that day the Senate passed the Bills for the repres
sion of the slave trade, and the maintenance of the es-
tablishments for nuns throughout Spain. General
CONCHA had been ordered to resume his command at
Vittoria, where disturbances had taken place. An ex-
traordinary courier had arrived from Catalonia, and it
was rumoured that disturbances had also broken out in
that province.
The Three per Cents. closed at 33 1-16 for cash, and
33i at GO days ; the Five per Cents. at 24 at GO days ;
the Floating Debt at 79 for cash ; and the Four per
Cents. at 21 for cash.

The Paris journals are chiefly occupied with the
affairs of Spain and Switzerland. The leading Govern-
ment paper, the Journal des Debuts, at last begins to see
danger in the reforms introduced by CHRISTINA and
NARVAEZ into the Spanish Constitution, and especially
in the last movement made to satisfy the clergy and the
POPE, by restoring the unsold national property to the
Church. It justly describes this as a retrogade move-
ment, and as a step towards the restoration of the pro-
perty sold as well as unsold. The promise of the present
Ministry, however solemn or sincere, in reality, is worth
nothing, and public faith in Spain is of the same value.
Another Ministry, having given no such assurance as the
present, would not scruple to break every previous en-

THE STN, LONDON, TITURSDAN~' MORNING, FEBRUARY 627, 1A45,

gagement, and this appears to be thq general and anxious !
feeling of all those who have purchased Church pro-
perty• The following are the remarks of the Journal
des Debuts

The avowed object of this Bill is to make advances to the
Court of Eomc, and facilitate the negotiations for re-estab-
lishing a good understanding between the two countries;
but it is only the first step in a retrograde path, and upon
which no party can entertain a doubt. The total value of
the national property, the restitution of which to the clergy is
proposed, has been made to amount, and as we believe offi-
cially, to 58,000,000 reals, about 15,000,000 of francs ; but in
reality it is worth no more than 7,000,000 f. or 8,004,000 f.
The charge of maintaining the Church and clergy of Spain
amounted to about 39,000,0 a f. per annum, and consequently
the Cortes will have to grant 32,000,000 f. per annum to
supply these wants. This state of things making the clergy
partly proprietors of landed estates, and partly dependent
upon the Government for a subvention, will not satisfy the
clergy themselves. and will, at the same time, form a striking
contrast with the Constitution which Spain now enjoys. In
fact, it is stated that the Court of Rome and the clergy de-
mand a re-establishment of the tithes, and which, in truth,
have never been wholly abolished. Thus regaining the privi-
lege of the mortmain the clergy, once restored to the posses-
sion of a part of its former wealth, and to the faculty of re-
ceiving devises and gifts, will, from the known superstition
and ignorance of the higher classes in Spain, be incessantly in-
creasing in riches. It must at once be evident that the clergy
will rapidly regain all its former influence, and concentrating
in its hands immense estates and property, inalienably
must arrest the progress of the general prosperity of the
country. The holders of property which did not belong to
the clergy, and of which about three-fourths have been sold,
are greatly alarmed; and although in this first sitting the
Government, through the President of the Council of Minis-
ters, gave them the most positive assurances of the mainte-
nance of their rights, they are far from being easy as to
their future fate. It is more than probable that as long as
the present Cabinet remains in power it will succeed in keep-
ing the Absolutist party in a state of impotence, as it has
subdued the anarchists and revolutionists. But it is known
that the two most dangerous adversaries of this Ministry—
the Marquis de Viluma and M. Tqjada—have openly declared
their opinions to be in favour of the clergy, and that even
already at the elections they openly oppose the constitutional
candidates."

We fear there is too much truth in this statement.
The QUEEN-MOTHER is bent on reconciliation with
Rome ; she will risk the safety of the country for her
own personal ktemsts, and the result to a certainty will
be a dreadful outbreak, which NARVAEZ will find too
strong fur him. France will find a cordon of troops
necessary at the foot of the Pyrenees as well as at the
foot of the Jura. The same journal gives rather a
gloomy prospect of Swiss affairs. After adverting to the
religious struggle it says :
" The question of the Jesuits disappears before a much
more general one, that of the maintenance of the compact
and of the cantonal sovereignty, which is the basis of it.
This is so true that Protestant cantons, by an apparent
anomaly, find themselves supporting the cause of the com-
pany of Jesus, and, on the other hand, the minority,
which at Lucerne itself had rejected the appeal of the
Jesuits, at present joins the Government to defend the in-
dependence and sovereignty of the canton. The re-
ligious question was already by itself dangerous enough
not to need to be complicated by the political question.
This state of things is not only grave for Switzerland,
but also for Europe, and the consequences which it may pro-
duce are of a nature to affect the equilibrium established by
treaties. Without any doubt, foreign Powers have no right
to interfere in the internal affairs of Switzerland, but this
restriction exists only as long as Switzerland herself does not
change the conditions on which her existence is guaranteed
by the great Powers. The treaties of Vienna and Paris have
constituted Switzerland as a federative republic and have
recognised her perpetual neutrality. The revolution, directed
at present by the Radicals, wou'd be the overturning of
both."

The Quctidienne mentions a report that the mission of
M. Rossi to Rome has for its object principally an appli-
cation to the PoPE to meal the Jesuits from Switzerland.
According to the same report, M. Rossi is to stop at Ge-
neva and Lausanne, and exert himself to calm the effer-
vescence which prevails there.
The Presse makes the following remarks on the dis-
cussions in the House of Commons on Mr. DUNCOMBE'S
motion :

"If England is the country of bold and sudden reforms, she
is also the classic land of the most crying abuses. Not only
the Ministry does not intend renouncing this monstrous right
to interfere clandestinely in the most delicate point of social
intercourse, to spy out the confidences of friendship, to steal
the secrets of families and affairs, but its friends do not blush
publicly to give excuses for a practice so contrary to the
spirit of our time. One of them, for instance, has seriously
maintained that letters in transit are the property of
the Crown, and that the Government is fully authorised
to take cognizance of what they contain.' This incre-
dible doctrine was greeted by very feeble murmurs. Let
us, however, hasten to add, that speakers were met with
of all parties, even on the Ministerial benches them-
selves, demanding that the scandal of the cabinet
noir should at length have a term in England. Several
of them having cited the example of France, Mr. Coch•
rane falsely made a declaration in contradiction to the asser-
tion that France had long since suppressed the institution of
the cabinet noir. He felt himself authorised, he said, by a
long sojourn amongst us, to maintain that, to his certain
knowledge, letters are frequently opened in Paris. We do not
hesitate to declare that Mr. Cochrane calumniates our
country. If ever a Ministry permitted itself to do amongst
us what Sir J. Graham has done in England, and if the act
was denounced in the Chamber, a unanimous cry of repro-
bation would arise against the man who could have made so
dishonourable a use of the power confided to him. It would
be an exceedingly grave case of moral responsibility."
The French Funds were somewhat lower on Monday.
The Three per Cents. closed at 84f. ; Ditto, New
Loan, 85f. 90c. ; the Five per Cents. at 122 f. 25c. ;
Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,196 f. 25c. ; Rouen, I,IIOE ;
Havre, 9101'.; Spanish Actives, 384 ; Ditto, Passive, 64;
Belgian Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 61E 90c.

r PEWS
tip r

AND

`,l3nblir Optittott.

" Who runs may read."

POREIGN.

On Saturday evening their Majesties the King and Queen
of the French received the Minister of Denmark, the Presi-
dent of the Chamber of Deputies, the Marquis de Rouge-
moot, Count Mole, the Baron de Mareuil, General Aupick,
and Messrs. Boi.9sy d'Anglas, de l'Espee, and Lacrosse, Mem-
bers of the Chamber of Deputies.
Sir Win. Follett and family had arrived at Paris, and
alighted at the Hotel Meurier.
The city of Rheims has opened a subscription for a monu •
ment to the memory of Count d'Erlon, to which the King
has subscribed I,ooof. and Marshal Soult 500 f.

The Bishop of.Charbres has published a letter to the Mi-
nister of Justice and Public Worship, on the subject of the
pastoral letter of Cardinal de Bonald, Archbishop of Lyons.
The Bishop declares that he participates in the sentiments of
the Cardinal.

A complete change of the weather has taken place in Paris.
Early on Saturday morning there was a slight fall of rain,
followed by a frost which, for a time, rendered the streets so
slippery that, in most places, it was dangerous to walk. In
the course of an hour or two, however, a :thaw commenced,
and, before the end of the day, no other vestiges of the frost re-
mained than the heaps of snow which had been shovelled up
for carting away. During the whole of Sunday the temperature
was mild, with occasional rain.

It appears from a statistical return drawn up by the Spanish
Minister of Finance, that the number of nuns in Spain was
11,772.

It will be seen by the following accounts from various parts
of the continent that the severity of thefrost has been frightful :
At Augsburgh, last week, the 96 fountains that supply the
town with water were completely frozen up. The cold was
at 22 degrees below the freezing point of Reaumur-17i below
zero of I?ahrenheit.

A Copenhagen letter of the 12th states that the winter in
Denmark has been more severe than in any preceding year
since 1829. The sea was frozen even to a considerable dis-
tance from the port, and in a few days, if the frost continued,
persons would be able to cross on foot into Sweden.
The Impartial du Rhin represents the cold as having been
intense on the plateaux of the Black Forest. For several
days the thermometer at Donauechingen marked 19 degrees
below the freezing point of Reaumur-10% below zero of
Fahrenheit. On the 13th inst. it sunk to 22 R., 171/2 F.,
and on the 14th to 24 R., 22 F.

The Journal du Havre states that on Thursday the Seine,
below Quillebaeuf, was so covered with blocks of ice, that it
was with the greatest difficulty that the tug-steamers could
make their way through them up to the quay of that town ;
but get beyond it was impossible, the ice from thence up to
Villequier being so closely packed that scarcely any inter-
stices were to be seen.

The Impartial of Nancy reports that two persons of the
village of Bisping. (111eurthe), in returning home from Fe-
nesbrange on the 10th inst., lost themselves in a forest, and
were found there the next morning frozen to death.