The Sun.
London, England, 1845-11-10 00:00:00

MORN ING NOVEMBI4Itt io 1845.

NEW UNIVERSITY MOVEMENT.

We havebeenfaVoured with the following copy of an ad-
dress to the Hebdomadal Board at Oxford, which noticed
the week befdre last, and which we believe haS since been
presented. We have no time for -remarks on it, except to say
that it appears important, rather as indicating a defect than
as suggesting a clear remedy :
"Considerable efforts have lately been made in this country
for the diffusion of civil and spiritual knowledge, whether at
home or abroad. schools have been instituted for the lower
and middle classes, churches built and endowed, missionary
societies established, further schools founded, as at Marl-
borough and Fleetwood, for the sons of poor clergy and
others; and again, associations for the provision of addi-
tional ministers. But between these schools on the one
hand, and on the other the ministry which requires to be
augmented, there is a chasm which needs to be filled. Our
universities take up education where our schools leave it, yet
no one can say that they have been strengthened or extended,
whether for clergy or laity, in proportion to the growing
population of the country, its increasing empire, or deepen 7
mg responsibilities.
" We are anxious to suggest, that the link which we find
thus missing in the chain of improvement should be supplied
by rendering academical education accessible to the sons of
parents whose incomes are too narrow for the scale of ex-
penditure at present prevailing among the junior mem-
bers of the University of Oxford, amt that this should
be done through the addition of new departments to ex-
isting colleges, or, if necessary, by the foundation
of new collegiate bodies. We have learned, on what we
consider unquestionable information, that in such institu-
tions, if the furniture were provided by the college, and pub-
lie meals alone were permitted, to the entire exclusion of
private entertainments in the rooms of the students, the
annual college payments, for board, lodging, and tuition,
might be reduced to 601. at most, and that, if f sk;alitv were
enforced as the condition of membership, the student's en-
tire expenditure might be brought within the compass of
801. yearly.
"If . such a plan of improvement be entertained by the
-ainthorities of Oxford, the details of its execution would re-
Alain to be considered. On these we do not venture to enter,
brit desire to record our readiness, whenever the matter may
proceed further, to aid, by our
.personal exertions or pecuniary
contributions, in the promotion of a design which the exi-
gencies of the country so clearly seem to require.
" Sandon, Ashley, R. Grosvenor, W. E. Gladstone, T. D.
Acland, Ph. Pusey, T. 11. S. Sotheron, Westminster,
• Carnarvon, T. 1). Acland, Bart., W. Bramstone, Lincoln,
Sidney Herbert, Canning, Mahon, W. B. Baring,
J. Nichol, Judge Advocate, W. J. James, S. R. Glynne,
J. E. Denison, Wilson Patten, R. Vernon Smith, S.
Wilberforce, R. Jelf, W. W. Hale, W. Heathcote, Edward
Berens, J. Wooley, Hon. Horace' Powys, W. Herbert,
Dean of Manche: ter, G. Moberley, A. C. Tait."

THE NEW GAMING ACT—RIGHT
OF HOLDERS TO RETAIN STAKES.
'`
BIRMINGHAM, TUESDAY NIGHT.—A decision, of itself
unimportant as to the amount of dispute, but of the greatest
consequence to the sporting world as regards the question in-
volved, was given this day by Matthew Devonport Hill, Esq.,
Q.C., Recorder for the Borough, at the. Mayor's Court. The
facts of the case are by iefly these :—At the close of the past
year a wager was made between the plaintiff and a man
named Barber, to play a game at " put,' the plaintiff staking
I/. 55., and his opporent 11. In consequence of a dispute
having arisen in the course of the game, and Barber affirming
that he had won owing to some mistaken play on the
part of Smith, that party at once threw down the cards and
refused to play any further; at the same time denying that
he had lost the game, and asking for his money from Mr.
Chettaway, the defenda t, who refused to give it him, but
handed it over to Barber. The consequence was that Smith
sued Barber for the 11. 55.; and the case came on fOr trial
this day, when Mr. W. Morgan appeared for the plaintiff,
and Mr. T. Harding for the defendant.
A witness ,having been called by the plaintiff's attorney,
who proved that the money was paid into the defendant's
hands, in his capacity of stakeholder, while the game of cards
was playing, Mr. Hardingsaid he thought that that fact hav-
ing been admitted by the phintiff's witnesses must put an
end to the case—to show which he would refer the Learned
Recorder to the 18th section of the Act of Parliament recent!:
passed, to "Amend the Law concerning Games and Wages,,'
in which it was enacted, " That all contracts or agreements,
whether by parole or in writing, by way of gaming and
wagering, shall be null and void; and that no suit shall be
brought or maintained in any Court of Law or Equity for re-
covering any sum of money or valuable thing, alleged to be
won upon any wager, or which shall have been deposited in
the hands of any person to abide the event on which any
wager shall have been made. Provided always that thig
enactment shall not be deemed to apply to any subscription,
or contribution, or. agreement to subscribe and contribute for;
or toward, any plate, prize, or sum of money, to be awarded to
the winner or winners of any lawful game, sport, pastime, or
exercise."
The Recorder having louked over the clause and the Act
in general,. expressed some surprise at the construction of it,
and said that if the Parliament were obliged to put a reason-
able construction upon all the Acts that they had passed, he
was afraid that they would not often find time for a recess.
Although the Legislature might think that by preventing
actions being brought against stakeholders they should be
putting an end to parties entrusting stakeholders with money,
he did not anticipate any such result, nor did he think that they
would retain the money for
.their own use, but give it to the
parties they might deem the winner, and, of course, such a
decision would be final, as no remedy could be obtained
against the stakeholder.
After hearing Mr. Morgan, who sought to explain away
the meaning of the clause, but without effect, the Learned
Recorder, presuming that playing the game in question was
unlawful, decided that the plaintiff must be norsuited.—
Correspondent of Herford• Journal.

THE LOSS OF THE MARGARET.
By the Queen of Scotland steamer, which arrived early on
Wednesday from Hamburgh, having brought over the sur-
viving portion of the crew, except Captain Rawlinson, of the
unfortunate steam-ship Margaret, we have elicited the follow-
ing particulars respecting the passengers who were lost with
the ill-fated vessel, as also some further disclosures connected
with the catastrophe :
The poor fellows who have been thus preserved, are seven
in number, comprising the chief and sec:md mate, two sea-
men, two engineers, and an apprentice, all of whom are at
present suffering from a severe attack of illness, consequent
upon, their being exposed so !Ong to the intense cold and fury
of the storm. They state, in addition to the hasty particu-
lars which were forwarded to the owners, and which ap-
peared in
.this paper a feW days age, that after the storm had
somewhat abated the bodies of the whole of the passengers
were found on the deck of the cabin, where they had been
left when the crew took to the mast-head. They describe
the scene to have been one of the most heart-rending cha-
racter. Amongst the bodies were those of a fine halthy
middle-aged woman and her live children ; the eldest was a
girl from thirteen to fourteen years of age. It appears she
- was on her way toAmerica, to join her husband, and they
apparently had perished.fronithe intense cold. The body of
another of the passengers, a stout young man, about thirty
years of age, was lying near the group. He seemed to hare
been a soldier, and was on his way to London to assist, so it
was understood from him, at a sugar-baker's at the east end
of the metropolis. The rest, from their look and the nature
of their dress, seemed to be Polish Jews; most of whom were
travelling jewellers. Two of their bodies were discovered in
the steward's pantry; one in a stooping position, having, it
was supposed, fallen thus in death ; and the other standing
upright, with his right arm extended, and in his hand a
prayer-book opened. Another of these poor creatures was
found dead in one of the coal-bunkers. Mr. Archbold, the
chief mate, states that several of the passengers had con-
siderable property about them. The woman was known to
have changed at Hamburgh a thousand dollar bill for cash,
which, for security, she wore inside a belt round her. Most
of the Jews had also cwisiderable quantities of property about

them.
The sufferings of . all on board before the vessel struck
pail-IEIII as they must have been from. the former description
of them, appear from the talc of the survivors to have been
much more so. As has been previouly announced, the ship
wus tossed about for five entire days. On the day prior to
her destruction they lost the whole of their fresh water and
provisions, with the exception of the bread, which having
been saturated with salt water and sand, was perfectly use-
less in the shape of food, and there is no doubt that they
would have all perished in the same way as the passengers, had
not one of the seamen secured a pint of brandy in a bottle in
his Guernsey frock. During the time they were lashed in
the rigging, a period of twelve hours, the night was one of
the most tempestuous character, for, in addition to the fearful
gale, it rained, hailed, .and snowed, and not one ever expected
to live the night out. At the break of day, however, they
were somewhat rejoiced to find that the sea had moderated;.
which enabled them to descend. As may be imagined, they
were in a pitiable state of exhaustion, scarcely able to stand:
They however rallied, and finding a piece of beef had been
washed under the bowsprit, they prepared to light a fire in
the galley—the mate finding some- stray lucifer matches in
his pockets—with a view of cooking it. They got it cooked,
but the raft being ready at the same moment, and the tide
being favourable to carry it aslusre, they jumped on it, and
pushed off from the ill-fated ship. The raft, however, was
knocking about for five or six hours before they effected a
landing, two of them perishing from cold and exhaustion
ere that was obtained. Ou _reaching Norden, the British
Consul housed them at an inn, where food and clothing were
bountiftilly supplied.
Two days aftenyards' having somewhat recovered. they
left Norden in a fishing boat to visit the wreck, in order if
possible to bring ashore the bodies of the passengers. Al-
though the distance was only 15 miles they were unable to
come up with the wreck until Sunday, owing to the
continuance of the storm. On arriving they found that she
remained entire, but perfectly embedded in the sands, utterly
irrecoverable. Her wooden decks had partially given way.
and portions of her cargo had floated out, but nothing was
seen of the bodies, which no doubt are buried with the ship
in the sands of the Isle of Juist. The body of the steward
Turpin was picked up, which, with the two others who had
perished on the raft, viz., henry Heath, fireman, and James
Leaper, seaman, were interred near Norden, the funeral
being attended y the survivors and several hundreds of the
inhabitants. Turpin was an untnarried man, but was the
principal support of his mother, who is residing at Hull.
The other two have left widows and families.
The crew declare that the conduct of Captain Rawlinson,
during the severe trial was most calm, skilful,' and deliberate.
For 12 hours before the steamer struck he took charge of
the wheel, and maintained it until it was dashed from his
hold by the seas that swept over the vessel. He still re-
mains at Norden for the purpose of protecting what portions
of the wreck maT be washed up,. as also to identify any of
he bodies of thel"passengers that may be cast ashore.

AIR CHURN.— The Farmer's Gazette gives an
account of a very—curious churn invented by the Bishop
of Kildare. " Milk," it says, " essentially consists of an
oil, which in chemical language is called huterine; of
curd, also called cassine; and of whey, with some neutral
salts not very important. These matters are held together
by so loose a degree of affinity, that they separate
spontaneously when at rest, the oil rising to the top.
To convert this oil into butter, it is only necessary
to bring it into intimate contact with the oxvgenoue
portion of the atmosphere. Instead of the prevalent and
unscientific mode of effecting this by churning, his Lordship
accomplishes this measure by the more scientific and simple
manner of forcing a full current of atmospheric air through
the cream, by moans of an exceedingly well-devised forcing
pump. The air passes through a glass tube connected with,
the air-pump, descending nearly to the bottom of the churn.
The churn is of tin, and it fits into another tin cylinder,
provided with a funnel and stop-cock, so as to heat the
cream ,to the necessary temperature. The pump is worked
by means of a wince, which is not so laborious as n
thesc usual
churn. Independently of the happy applicatio of ience
to this important department of dvneyktic 'economy, in a
• practical point of view it is extremely valuable. The milk
is not moved bysa dasher, as in the common churn; but the
oxygen of the atmosphere is brought into close contact with
the cream, so As to effect a full combination with the butyra-
•ceous part, and to convert kali into butter. This new .churn
is washed out with far greater facility than the wooden ones ;
and the mode of warming the cream is extremely well de-
. Yised and simple. The butter itself is excellent; and what
constitutes perhaps the best practical criterion of its success
is, that the woman who has the management of the dairy
hay givea her peact adleatou to the new chttra,
•

SAILING DIRECTIONS- FOR
TOIiRES STRAITS.

(From the Sydney Government Gazette.)
His Excellency the Governor, in directing the publication
of the following sailing directions for the passage 'through
Torres Straits, from Rains's -Island to Cape York, prepared
by Captain F. B. Blackwood, of her Majesty's ship Fly, and
also similar directions for the passage through Endeavour
Straits, prepared by Lieutenant Yule, of her Majesty's ship
Bramble, gladly avails himself of the opportunity of express-
ing the high sense lie entertains of the services rendered to
the commercical interests of the colony by Captain Black-
wood and the officers associated with him in the survey of
Torres Straits, and also-for their exertions in the erection of
the beacon on Raine's Island.

His Excellency the Governor further directs it to be noti-
fied that charts of the passage in question have also been re-
ceived from Captain Blackwood, and having been litho-
graphed, copies may be obtained on application to the port-
master at Sydney, and harbour master at Melbourne, at a
charge of ss. for the set, including a copy of the sailing
directions.

SAILING DIRECTIONS FROM PAINE'S ISLAND TO CAPE TORR.

The beacon erected on' Raine's Island is in long. 144 6 52
E., Ist. 11 33 49 S.; variation of the compass 3 50 E.
This position having been determined with great care both
by chronometric measurements and by a series of astrono-
mical observations, may be considered as nearly correct, and
will afford a good opportunity for ships passing to test their
chronometers.
The top of the building (which is a circular stone tower)
is 75 feet above low water mark; and it was constantly seen
from the masthead of her Majesty's ship Fly, at a distance
of 13 measured miles.
It is coloured towards the S.E. with vertical black and red
bands ; the dome which surmounts the building beingpainted
white.
Provisions hive been left inside the building, and it is hoped
that a large lye- ton tank, with a good pipe laid down into
it from the top of the beacon, may be the means of affording
a good supply of fresh water to any persons who may be
unfortunate enough to be wrecked in the neighbourhood, and
who may land on the island.
A reeton which the sea always breaks heavily runs out
E.S. E. one mile and a half from the base of the beacon (which
is built on the east extreme of the island), and closing in
towards the islet on- its western side, leaves a small piece of
sheltered water where boats may land and small vessels an-
chor in four fathoms. It is high water at the full and change
at eight a.ro , and the average greatest rise of the tide ob-
served was nine feet at that period.
- The mi ;channel course for the channel south of Raine's
Island is W.S.W.; and for the northern S.W. by S_, both
perfectly clear, on which direction having steered for nine
miles, soundings will be obtained in from 17 to 25 fathoms
coarse coral sand. The flood tide sets in about W. by ,
from two to three knots per hour at the sprinf.s, therefore
a ship steering by the north channel, and having the flowing
tide, will be liable to set towards the reefs which form
the northern boundary-of the passage; arid if it be late in
the evening when she enters, should anchor directly she
strikes soundings; if plenty of daylight, haul up to S.W.
half W., for the.middle banks, which should he seen (after
having run 13 or 14 miles from the time of obtaining sound-
ings) on the starboard bow; and Sir C. Hardy's Islands
ahead.

Better- anchorage will now be obtained in twelve and
thirteen fathoms coral sand, and the ship will be in a good
position for steering in for the main land by passing either
north or south of the Cockburn Reef.

The middle banks are three or four small sand-banks,
generally showing above water. and surrounded by small
coral reef, of which there are no outlying dangers.
From them the beacon on Raine's island bears N.E. by E.;
half' E. twenry-,ix miles, peak of northern Hardy Island
S.W. by W. twelve miles, and Ashmore's Sand-banks, three
iii number, will be seen bearing S., nearly six miles distant,
and the east extreme of the Cockburn Reef, W. by S. nine
miles.
To pass in by Poilard's Channel, or to the south of the
Cockburn Reef, when one mile from the middle banks, bear-
ing north, steer a W. half S. course for nine miles, and when
within 'one-third of a mile from the end of the reef (which
alwa) s breaks, and is quite bold to approach), alter course
to S.W. by NV., and steer close along the southern edge, by
which means a series of shoal patches, which lie between the
Cockburn Reef and Hardy's Isles will be avoided. This
channel is very deep, 28 and 25 fathoms, and in no part is
less than three-quarters of a mile in breadth, and appeared,
on a very close examination, to be perfectly clear of sunken
dangers ; strong tide ripplings gave the appearance of shoal
water when her Majesty's ship Fly sailed through, but the
lead gave nothing less than 25 fathoms.
It is about eight miles in length, and when the northern
Hardy Island bears E. by N., a small sand-bank (which is
the southern and western extreme of the dangers) being
.visible, and nearly on with Haggerston Island extreme, and
the Cockburn Isles bear N. by W.,. a course may be steered
for the Bird Isles, which bear N.W., distant eighteen miles.
To pass on the north of the Cockburn Reef, steer as before,
to make the pitch of the reef, when soundings of eight
fathoms will be obtained ; haying clearly made out the
breakers on the reef, which is safe to approach, and at the
distance of half a mile or less from it, steer a due west course
for eight or nine miles, till the Cockburn Isle bear S.W. by
S. ; being then about a mile from the reef, steer along its
edge in nine or ten fathoms on the north-westerly course.
The Bird Isles should now be seen bearing west. From
the north extreme of the Cockburn Reef, which should be
rounded in ten or eleven fathoms,. a S.S.W. course for a mile
or two will lead clear of a sunken patch (bearing west three
miles from the end of Cockburn Reef), and a direct course
may then be steered for the islands above-named.
keeping along the edge of the Cockburn Reef, a series
of dangerous shoal coral patches, which run in a parallel
direction to the reef, 'at a distance of three miles from it,
will be avoided; the southern danger bears N.W.ty W. from
he eastern extreme of the Cockburn Reef; and a good mast-
lead look-out will detect its position, it being very shoal

..„
(five feet) on one part of it.
The Bird Isles being reached, all sail may be carried, And
Captain King's track followed to Cape York ; and it may be
observed, that in with the main land the bottom is mud, and
perfectly clear of sunken dangers.
I would, therefore, recommend reaching the Bird Isles
as soon as -possible, for when reached the danger of Torres
Straits may be said to terminate. Should the weather,
however, •be fine and clear, in- a vessel not drawing more
thaii 15 or •16 feet water, the middle tract may be safely
pursued. To follow this tract pass either north or south
of the Middle Banks, and steer a N. by W. course for 30
miles, keeping a bright look out for several sunken coral
patches which exist near the track, and if the sun be not a-
hei.tl they will be distinctly seen; having run this distance.
steer N.W. for 15 miles, when a sand bank surrounded by a
reef should be seen, and also Arnold's Bushy Island, in 11 deg.
S. on the larboard bow.
Three sand-banks, surrounded by small reefs hear E. by N.
10 miles from Arnold's Bushy Island.
The bottom now changes to mud, and the ground becomes
clear of sunken dangers.
Mount Adolphus Island (flat-topped) will be seen bearing
N.W. 35 miles, and a course may be steered for Cape York,
passing between the reef Z of Captain King's track and
some reefs to the northward, •in a clear channel of four mil( a

7 -
in width.
A ship passing in by Pandora's Entrance, in lat. 11 26 40
S. .(s good and safe passage of two miles in width), should
steer fo; a vegetated sand-bank in .lat. 11 19 30 S.; whence a
N.W. course of 48 miles will take her to Arnold's Bushy
Island, when ti„e middle track will be joined.
Good anchorage ?nay be obtained in seven fathoms (fine
coral sand ), undc r the is,rthern Sir C. Hardy's Island. The
channel between the two lai' 'e islands is perfectly clear, and
rounding the north end of Se sOuth islant! in seven or eight
fathoms, at the distance of a cablC and a half, a good berth
may be obtained off a sandy bay just round the bluff head of
the island.
Lat. of Observation Bay, 11 55 10 S.
Long. 143 33 18 E.
Variation 3 10 E.
High water at full and change, 9h. 15m. a.m.
Greatest rise, eight feet.- - -
Fresh water may be obtained here from May till August,
but after that time the springs are dry.
When leaving the Haidy's Isles with the intention of
passing into the main land by the Cockburn Reef, steer a
N.E. by N. course for four miles, by which means the dangers
of Pollard's Channel will be avoided.
In the month of September her Majesty's ship Fly watered
in a sandy bay about half a mile to the eastward of Cape
York; wells were dug, and the water was good and abun-
dant. The bay may be known by a little low rock about
three or four feet above the water at its entrance.
It may be advisable here to mention, that in . steering for
Raine's Island, care should be taken not to haul in for the
reefs until well to the northward of 13 30 south lat., a reef
having been discovered this past season by the Osprey
schooner, in lat. 14 south, and 146 20 east long. This reef
having been seen by two different ships, and both vessels
possessing good chronometers, the above position cannot be
far from the truth. See Government. Gazette, 1845, No. 8,
p. 97, where sailing directions have been given to avoid the
Osprey Reef. It is there described to be in lat. 13 57, and
long. 146 34 east, differing about of long. from Captain
Blackwood's above more recent report.
The Alert or Lihou Reefs should also have a good berth
given to them of at least a degree of long., the current ap-
pearing to set very strong to the N.W. in the neighbourhood
at certain seasons. .
N.B.—The courses above given are those by compass.
• F. P. BLACKWOOD; Captain R.N.

FRIDAY _NIGHTS GA

ET Tx.

THE PRINCE OF WALES' COUNCIL CHAMBER,
SOMERSET-HOUSE, Nov. 4:
The names of. those who were this day nominitted by the
Council of his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales to serve
the office of Sheriff of the county-of Cornwall:—
Augustus Coryton Esq.,of Pentillie Castle.
Charles Henry Thomas Hawkin, of TreWithin.
Humphrey "Willyams, Esq., of Carnanton.
CROWN-OFFICE, Nov. 6.