The Sun.
London, England, 1845-06-05 00:00:00

ing of vessels. Both these were by Sir John Rennie—a
model showing the successful method of scupper nailing,
adloted at Leith Pier, in 1826, at the suggestion of Captain
Boswall, R.N.; Rowan's antifrietion axles ; a beautiful
model of Stephenson's improved locomotive engine ; a series of
specimens exhibiting the various stages of the manufacture of
Selby's patent-welded iron tube ; a very extraordinary example
of the power of machinery was displayed by Mr. John Hick
(Belton), in some masses of wrought iron, varying from two
inches to three inches in thickness, from the centre of each of
which circular pieces of eight inch, s diameter had been punched
cold, by means of the combined force of four hydraulic
presses, exerting a pressure varying from 1,250 to 2,00 tons.
Our limits will not permit the notice of the other models ;
but we cannot close our notice without henourab'e mention
of the roamer in which the supper arrangements were carried
out by Stinson. The entertainment was elegantly designed,
and the execution did ample justice to Sir John's well-known
hospitality.
'I he rooms were exceedingly crowded, but among the dis-
tinguithed visitors present we particularly recognised the
Duke of Richmond, the Marquis of Breadalbane, the
Farts of Lonsdale, Bosse, Lincoln, and Dalhousie; Lords
Lowther, Berreidale, Campbell, James Stuart, M P., Lyt-
telton, and Colchester; the Bishop of Norwich, Lord Chief
Justice Tindal, General Sir James Cockburn, Bart., M.P.,
Mohun Lal, the Speaker of the House of Commons, Count
Rosen, Hon. E. Byng, Major-General Pasley, Captain Sir
W. Symonds, R.N. ; Captain Sir George Back, R.N. ;
Sirs James Hamilton, Bart., John Burgoyne, Bart., John
Kirkland, R. Westmacott, John Guest, Bart., M.P., Charles
Forbes, Bart., Hon. Sir F. Cust, D. J. Norreys, Bart.. M.P.,
James Copley, Bart., W. B. Riddell, Bart., Charles Fellows,
Henry Ellis, 11. T. De la Beebe, John Barrow, John
Macneill, George Duckett, IL Schomburgh, Frederick Mad .
den, Alexander Johnstone, Mr. Hodgson, M.P., Mr. C. W.
Martin, 11. P., Mr. Ellice, M.P., Dr. Bowring, M.P., Mr.
Hutt, M.P., Mr. Gore, M.P., Mr. Botfield, M.P., Mr. Mac-
lean, M.P., Mr. 13arnehy, M.P., Mr. Johnstone, M.P., Mr.
Estcourt, M.P., Mr. Peridarves, NI. P., Mr. Loch; M.P.,
Mr. Mackinnon' M.P., Mr. Ewart, 11. P , Mr. Stuart,
M.P. ; Colonels Dundas, Shaw, Colquhoun, S)kes, and Jack-
son ; Professors Iluckland, Von Buell, Lyon, Mayfair, Ansted,
Christie ; Majors Askew, Clarke, and Amsinek ; Doctors
Lawrence, Roupel, Mantel!, Roget, Paris, Mayo, and Gran-
ville ; Captains Gambier, Washington, R.N., Handeock,
Tindal, Grover, W. O'Brien, R.N., Buller, Hosken,
Reverend Mr. Stopford, Messrs. J. Simpson, Locke, T.
K Brunel, J. Miller, B. Cubitt, Giles, Lowe, Barry,
Murchison, Konig, Landseer, Bellin, F. Stone, Scanlan,
Boxall, Errington, Burges, Grainger, Smee, T. Grissell, Sop-
with, Loaden, Goody, Planche, C. Stanfield, Bidder, Lough,
Bidduiph, Farquhar, Tycho Wing, So!lv, Plowden, Basevi,
Cotton, Wicksteed, G. Godwin, G. K'Beekett, Leech, J.
Braithwaite, Murdo Young, Fairbairn, Bateman, Farey, Etty,
Willemcut, Tooke, F. Walker, &c. &c.

THE INSTITUTION OF CIVIL
ENGINEERS, JUNE 3.
Sir JOHN RENNIE, President, in the chair.
The first paper read was " On the Corrosion of Metals," by
Mr. R. Adie, Liverpool. The object of the communication
was to give an experimental proof of the fact, of water,
when saturated with common salt, preserving, to a great
extent, the surfaces of oxidizable metals from corrosion,
by the joint action of air and water; and also to show that
water, or water containing a saline solution, does not act as
a corroding agent without the aid of the oxygen of the
atmosphere. These positions were demonstrated by the
details of several series of very interesting experiments,
which were purely of a chemical tendency, leaving to the
engineers the application to practice of the results obtained.
The details were also given of some experiments made to
ascertain the quantity of oxygen dissolved by water under
different circumstances; whence it was shown that brine,
and some other saline solutions, contain much less dissolved
oxygen than sea or ordinary water. The: discovery of this
fact suggested the experiments on the application of brine
as a preserver of it on. The object of the last set of experi-
ments was, to determine, by trial, the rates of corrosion of
metals in fresh water, sea water, and saturated brine. The
results demonstrated that sea water corrodes the quickest
fresh water less rapidly, and brine very much slower than either.
The circumstance was incidentally mentioned of the use of
common salt for preserving ships' timbers, for which purposes
the spaces between the ribs of some of the North American
ships are frequently packed with rock-salt, and the effect has
proved very advantageous to the duration of the timber, without
affecting the metal fastenings, as would have been supposed.
A paper by Mr. W. Gale (Glasgow) pointed out the ad-
vantage of the moveable jib crane for the purposes of build-
ing. It was stated to have been originally invented by
James Watt, for the Bell Rock Light-house; but in a com-
munication from Mr. R Stevenson (Edinburgh), which was
also read, with extracts from the history of that light-
house. the invention was claimed by Mr. Stevenson. It
appeared that the crane was used very extensively, but that
some defects existed in its construction, for which the author
suggested remedies, which he had applied successfully, and for
which he gave the necessary details of calculation and drawings,
without which they would be with difficulty comprehended.
The nu nthly ballot took place, when Messrs. Fraak Forster,
T. L. Gooch, and W. Lewin, were elected as members ; and
Messrs. W. P. Marshall, W. Lawford, G. Lawford, and W. B.
Buddicom, as associates.
The next meeting was announced to take place on Tuesday,
June 10.

IRELAND.
(From the Derby liepolter, May 23.)
The whole p,pulation of Ireland is about 8.000,000
Of these it is reckoned that there are 6,427,712 Roman
Catholics 752,952 Episcopal Protestants 642,356
Presbyterians, and 121,808 voluntaries—including Bsp-
fists, Independents, Methodists, and Quakers.

ESTABLISHED CHURCH, OR EPISCOPAL PROTESTANTS.

752,952 adherents, including; men, women, and chil-
dren-2 archbishops-10 bishops-300 dignitaries-
-1,355 benefices-2,348 parishes-1,534 churches, &c.

ANNUAL REVENUE OF THE ESTABLISHMENT.

s. d.
Archbishoprics and Bishoprics ... 151,127 12 4 .
Deans sold Chapters
Glebe Lands
Tithe composition
Alinisters' Money

.£807,533 12 4
Since the union in 1800 to 1835, Parliament has given
3,308,3691. to the Irish Establishment, besides advancing
a loan of 324,6231., part of which has not been repaid.
Of the 2,348 parishes 155 have no church, clergyman,
or Protestant Episcopalian ; 496 parishes have under 20
Protestant Episcopalians ; and 895 parishes have under
50 Protestant Episcopalians, including men, women, and
children. As so many parishes are without either a
church or a clergyman, 87 unions have been formed. In
Kilcooly, ten parishes are thrown together. In Bally-
makill, there are nine parishes, one of which is 27 miles
from the church. In the union of Burnchurch, there are
fourteen parishes ; three of them are at the opposite ex-
tremities of the county of Kilkenny.
In the 1,385 benefices, there are 99 in which there are
not 20 Protestant Episcopalians-124 benefices, with
between 20 and 50 in each. The following table, of
seven benefices, may give some idea of the state of things
in different parts of Ireland :

Resident
Protestants. Clergymen. Church. Tithes.

....
Modeligo (Union) 4 0 0 440 0 0
Seskeinane.
Clenne
Ellin

Gilbertstown 8
0
0 250 0 0
Mahoonagh
Killeedy . 12 0 0 484 12 0

0 2,889 11 0

In the Bishopric of Cloyne, there are eight parishes,
in which the cost of each Protestant Episcopalian, adult
and infant, is 281. per head, as below:
Members of the Tithe.
Established Church. Composition.
13 £4OO
400
498
500
600
784
809
869

Killatty
Ballybea
Templeracarigy
Ballyvourney
Ardagh
Whitchurch

Mogeesha
Clonfriest. .

173 X 4,860
Of the somewhat more than 300 dignities and pre-
bends, the returns state that there are 75 in which there
are no duties whatever to perform; 94 are mere sine-
cures except the duty of an occasional sermon in the ca-
thedrals. The Dean of Raphoe receives 1,491 L; the
Precentor of Lismore, 448/ ; the Archdeacon of Meath,
7231., without aly duty to perform. In the eight
parishes above mentioned in the Bishopric of Clod ne,
the cost per head of the members of the Establishment,
adults and infants, is 281. In the union of Paleroan,
it is 671. 10s. per head ; and throughout the E-tu-
Wished Church, it is 11. Is. sd. In Scotland it is 3s. 4d.