The Sun.
London, England, 1829-08-14 00:00:00

SPIhIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

The Liberal Journals of Paris have already
opened their batteries, and commenced a
vi-
gorous and well-concerted fire upon the new
Cabinet. Unhappily, its defenders have neither
the same amount of force, nor the same calibre
of artillery, to repel the attack ; and hence it has
been surmised, that the Ministers must answer
it by a censorship, or (to carry on the metaphor)
must bring into play a piece of ordnance, called
a Royal one, which can only, according to
existing laws, be pointed against their antago-
nista by being established on a breach of the
Constitution. The Royalists have, for the last
two years, been . perpetually declaring that the
late Ministry and the present Chamber of De-
puties are the fruits of journalism; and there
can be no doubt that the journails in France have
more influence than in any other country of
.Europe. As the opinion of Paris rules the
kingdom,—as the half of the Deputies are Pari-
sians,—as liberal politics, the fashion in Paris,
have acquired the same domineering influence as
other fashions,—and as the journals are the di.
rectors of this fashion, the high priests of this
idolatry, they are in certain cases nearly omni-
potent. They succeeded in throwing so much
discredit on the actions, and such suspicion on
the designs, of the Villele Ministry, as to ren-
der it dangerous for the Court to maintain it ;
and they seem to join in the sane unani-
mity of hatred and opposition to the present.
Should the latter be unable to check the hos-
tility which their names may provoke by an un-
equivocal announcement of a sound and
liberal policy, and hence be obliged to at-
tempt the conquest of public opinion by imposing
silence on the press, they must confess their de-
feat, and share the feat, without pretending to
share the talents of the former. But whatever
may be the stability of the present Cabinet, it is
evident that the last could not long have main,
tained its ground. Though several of its mem-
bers were well-informed and clever men, they
possessed no influence beyond that of their offi-
cial or personal character. They had no fixed
majority in the Chambers--they enjoyed neither
the confidence of the Court nor the support of
the country. They were presented to office by
none of the great parties in the State, and could
rely for co-operation upon neither. When
they had resolved on any important measure in
council, they were neither sure of the concur-
rence of the King nor of the consent of the
Legislature, to carry it into effect. The
ries and the Chambers were equally suspicions
of their intentions, and like Mahomet's coffin,
they hung, in total inaction, suspended between
them, Hence they were obliged to explain their
conduct one manner to the Court, and in
another to the Deputies—to agree to certain
public acts at the will of the former, which they
could scarcely justify before the latter—to present
projects of law on important matters, and after
mature reflection, which they were forced to with-
draw in alarm and precipitation, and to submit
to see their power resisted or counteracted
by their own agents, because those agents
were countenanced by an auttkr*Y.' which
they could not safely oppose, and proceeded
on a warrant which they were afraid to

examine. In fact, such was the state of weak-

Hess to which the late Ministry was reduced by
this general want of confidence in its consistency
or stability,—such was the provisional and un-
certain condition of its existence,—that no re-
liance could be placed upon its announced pro-
jects of internal improvements for next session,
or its engagements in the conduct of foreign
policy. The country went on almost without a
government, and, could it always have been se-
cured in the same state of freedom and tranquil-
quillity, would have had no reason to regret the
want of a firmer and more decided authority.
Whatever faults or errors the newly-installed Mi-
nistry may commit, they will neither be opposed
by the difficulties, nor entitled to the apologies,
of their immediate predecessors. They enter
upon office, if not by any intrigue of their friends,
at least with the full approbation and confidence
of the King. They have, therefore, no Court
manoeuvres to counteract—no Court alarms to
allay. Being all Royalists, they may entertain
a well-founded expectation of being supported
by a powerful and united party. The season,
too, in which they have been promoted to power,
is most propitious to their future influence, if
their fixed purposes be good. The Chambers
have just been closed, after a stormy session,
perhaps useful to the country from the free-
dom of its debates, but most inglorious to
the Ministers from the multiplicity of their
defeats, and the repeated proofs of their
weakness. Had they been obliged to en-
counter the Deputies who thought the late Mi-
nistry too Royalist before any preparation, the
first explosion of disapprobation and abhorrence
might have been dangerous,—we shall not say to
their popularity, but to their existence. They
have now the whole period of the recess to pre-
pare themselves for appearing before the national
representatives, and forming those certificates of
constitutional character which they may present
with anticipated confidence. France has yet
much to be done for the settlement of her insti-
tutions, which may originate with a monarchical
Ministry constitutionally inclined, as well as with
a liberal Cabinet inclined to monarchy. Without
alluding to several of those which we enumerated
on Tuesday, we may just remark that both the
great parties—that which has the Journal des
Debats and that which has the Gazettede France
for its organ—agree in one thing which probably
a liberal Cabinet wctuld be most backward to re-
commcnd,—a reduction in the age of admissibi-
lity to the Chamber of Deputies. It must ap-
pear to us ridiculous in any circumstances to
hear that the political puberty of Frenchmen
commences only at the advanced age of forty,
and that they cannot Put on the toga virilis of
legislators or stand candidates for senatorial
honours, till they have reached a stage of life
in which they might be grandfathers. But this
arrangement is worse than ridiculous when we
take into the account its necessary result. This
result is, that every Member of the Lower
Chamber must have witnessed the excesses,
or mingled in the conflicts, of the revolu-

tion,—must have shared the honours or pro-
scriptions of the empire,—and must, con-
sequently,ing
under s a
withrestored
the
narrow spirit of an emigrant, or with the wounded
dynasty
n m a e newto legislateorder of
things,
pride of a republican and imperialist. A strong
line is thus drawn between the two generations
who have received their political education before
and since the return of the -Bourbons, and the
phrase of " young France," as contra-distin-
guished from the body of the kingdom, which is
apt to excite so much ridicule on this side of the
water, at the expence of would-be philosophers
in their teens, is really expressive of an impor-
tant fact,—that " young France" is excluded
from making laws for itself or posterity by the
France of " forty years ago I" It is extremely

probable that the new Ministry will not neglect
the harvest of popularity and usefulness which
they may reap from altering this article of the
Charter, as several of its provisions have been
already changed on touch more questionable
grounds. By reducing the age of admissibility
into the Chamber to 30 or 25 years, one great
point %%unid be gained. The number of Impe-
rialist Generals and old soldiers, of ancient ad-
vocates and councillors of state, would be di.
mashed in favour of a less refractory and more
unprejudiced set of deputies from the schools.
An addition of 160 members, elected by the de-
partmental colleges, to balance the returns from
the more democratic colleges of districts, will
probably likewise be attempted with less favour
tutd success; but on this and some other topics
ittlnnected with the recent changes, we shall after-
wards take :In opportunity of offering some ob-
servations,— Times.

The Pope, during his troubles, had nowhere
more devoted friends than the worshippers of the
Protestant Constitution of 1688 in this country.
Another apparent contradiction is observable
Crow. The great enemies of Popery are in ec-
stacy at the change of Ministry in France, which
has placed power in the hands of men who are
generally believed to be determined to attempt
the extension of the powers and privileges of the
Catholic Priesthood. But thus it always is.
Tice worshippers of the Protestant Constitution
of 1688 loved Protestantism merely in so far as
it gave privileges to the "few at the expellee of
the many. IF the inhabitants of the Turkish
Empire were all Mahomedans, who would pay
tribute ? If the Irish were all Protestants,
Protestantism would be a less valuable profes-
sion. " We observe (says the Standard) that
the voice of complaint is already raised pretty
loudly against the new Premier, as an ultra,
the meaning of which term in France, as in
England, is a friend to the established institu-
tions of the country." Hence the love of the
Ultras in England for the Turk, and the cham-
pions of intolerance in Spain, Portugal, and
France. Religion is only a favour in so far as
it enables one set of men to take advantage of
another set. No matter what the creed, if, by
means of it, a good share of the produce of
labour can be appropriated to a privileged class;
and there is a Freemasonry among all those who
live by abuses in all parts of the world. The
Orangeman, the Turk, and the Papist, take a
deep interest in the welfare of each other, in
their character of enemies to improvement and
even handed justice. It seems to us, however,
as impossible to prevent changes in opinions,
and changes in social institutions, as changes
in the material world. There is in all the
countries of Europe a constant progression—in
some more marked than in others, but in all
more or less. In England, which has been least
disturbed by foreign armies, the last hundred
years have wrought extraordinary changes. It
is little more than a hundred years since Daniel
Defoe remarked, in his " Essay on Projects,"
that the country people throughout England,
being without passable roads, could at farthest
bring their produce to the nearest market town,
and to it often with the greatest difficulty. Cir-
ciliation of opinions must then have been as dif-
ficult as circulation of goods. Let any one com-
pare the accounts of stage-coaches and carriers,
published 80 or 90 years ago, with those of the
presentday. In 1745, there were no coaches
from London to Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds,
Glasgow. More goods arc circulated now by
one canal than were conveyed then by all the
carriers in England. This facilitation of inter-
course, this eagerness to invent and improve in
order to augment the enjoyments of life, is not
the age of superstitious veneration of established
abuses. The human mind cannot be excited
only in one direction. The age of steam boats
and steam carriages is necessarily the age of in-
novation. If the Ultras of France or England
think they can prevent this progreFsion, they
greatly deceive themselves. We have been very
much edified by a book recently published at
Stuttgart, by a Professor of Philosophy and
History in the University of Freiburg, with the
title of " The Influence of Austria on Germany
and Europe from the Reformation till our
Times." The author, Dr. Schneller, was twenty-
eight years Professor in Vienna, and left that
capital for his native country on the Rhine,
in order to publish the work in question,
which M. Gentz, the State Censor, refused
to authorise. He has given a number of the
notes which the Austrian Censor wrote on his
manuscript, and which are curious, as exhibit-
ion. the systematic perseverance of the Austrian
Government. in its plan for retaining every thing
in its dominions as stationary as the laws of the
Medes and Persians. We could hardly have
believed that the Austrian Government carried
its hatred of innovation to such a length as, from
the notes of the Government Censor, it appears
to be actually carried. The Emperor Joseph is
abused by M. Gentz, for his endeavours to in-
troduce improvements in Law and Administra-
tion. The Emperor (says he) was unfortu-
nate enough to allow himself to be carried away
by those false principles which soon after de-
luged Europe with blood." In a passage of the
work, the author, speaking of the exertions of
the Emperor in favour of die astricti Glace,
observes, " The States did nothing essential.
Here was evidently seen_ how much the people
required the Prince, as a constant defenceagainst
their oppressors." On this the Censor re-
marks, " The people most require the Prince
against themselves—against their madness—
against their passions, and especially against
their seducers. They have . less need of the
Prince in the case of oppressors." This is
rich. We are almost tempted, from the fol-
lowing eulogy of the Jesuits by the Censor, to
suppose we have been too partial towards them :
" The expulsion of the Jesuits (says he) was
an unhappy mistake, invented by faithless coun-
sellors, entertained by weak heads, determined
on partly by unworthy motives, partly by false
policy. What infatuation ! The students of
the Jesuits have clung staunchly to the Church !
Can anything be said more to the praise of any
society ?"—Morning Chronicle.
The renewal (which was some days since an-
nounced) of the Commission for the Amend-
ment of the Law of Real Property, with an en-
larged number of Commissioners, is to be hailed
as an auspicious omen of the intentions of Go-
vernment in reference to that most important
subject. So long as the unhappy victims only
were heard to complain of the delay, uncertainty,
and expensiveness of the law, it was possible to
go on with the old system ; but now that the
professors themselves proclaim their incapacity
to cope with the difficulties of the art—for it
scarce deserves the honourable name of a science
—the day of reform cannot be remote. It is no
little satisfaction meantime to find the Commis-
sioners announce (see page 6 of the Report),
that for the propositions already made by them
with a view to get ridof antiquated forms and fie.

tions, and to render the transfer of real property
more easy and less expensive, they have - the
sanction of a large majority of the great body of
Practising Conveyancers. We trust that imme-
diately on - the meeting of Parliament Bills will
• be introduced giving effect to those propositions,
• • in respect of which so general a consent prevails.
The Commissioners are highly to be applauded
in thus early recommending the adoption of such
remedial measures as they had made up their
minds upon, instead of withholding their Report
until thily might be enabled to state the result of
their investigation of all the multifarious subjects
which they notice as matter for ulterior inquiry ;
and the Legislature ought to imitate their judicious
method of proceeding. It is, however, to be ob-
served, that no step (except the Bill to fix the
Law Terms) has been taken in pursuance of the
report upon another branch of the law—" the
practice and proceedings of the Superior Courts
of Common Law," which was presented to Par-
liament within the first fortnight of the lust
.Session—although it offered various recommen-
dations of a very urgent nature. Among these
was a plan for rendering justice more accessible
and easy to the inhabitants of Liverpool and of
Manchester, by holding Assizes at those towns
respectively—the vast population of which, with
the adjacent Hundreds, in each case exceeding
300,000, alone affords a decisive reason in favour
of the change. The abolition of the Welsh Ju-
dicature was connected with this arrangement,
and is still spoken of as likely to take place, it
having been seen that a vacancy among the
Welsh Judges, which some time since occurred,
has not been filled up ; and it being believed that
the latter nominations have been made upon an
understanding that there is to be no compensa-
tion given to the individuals so nominated—an
arrangement which has occasioned a certain wag
to remark, that some Welsh Judges have been
appointed with an understanding, but many with-
out one. From the state of Mr. Charles War-
ren's health (he died on Wednesday) it is doubt-
ful whether he can remain Chief Justice of Ches-
ter (his place is on the present Circuit, occupied
by Scrjeant D'Oyley) ; and if that office should
become vacant, the circumstance may facilitate
and accelerate the abolition so much to be desired.
s
It is not to be supposed that the county of
Chester, with its great manufacturing and agri-
cultural interests, can be left with a single Judge,
of a subordinate rank in the profession. And,
indeed, a very lively sentiment of dissatisfaction
with the existing judicature seems to pervade
both the Palatinate and the Principality, of which
ample evidence may be found in the Appendix
to the Report. We would refer, as particularly
deserving of notice, to the evidence of Edward
Lloyd, Esq., page 384. It is understood, how-
ever, that the tardiness of Government in pro-
ceeding to arrange the Circuits on the proposed
improved system is due to his Majesty having
been advised to issue a separate Commission of
Inquiry concerning the Courts of the Duchy and
Palatinate of Lancaster. Of this Commission,
which is directed to Sir James Scarlett, the Hon.
Henley Eden, and Mr. Starkey, the public have
heard very little ; and it is difficult to conceive
for what object it ever was issued, unless with a
view to the private interests of the King, as
Duke of Lancaster, since the Courts were in-
cluded in the objects of the general Commission,
and had been to.a certain extent the object of
inquiry thereunder. The Report of this private
Commission must, it is said, be waited for ; and
should any detriment to the revenue, preroga-
tives, or patronage connected with this cherished
appanage of the Crown, be apprehended from
the proposed novel arrangement of the Circuits,
an attempt may be perhaps made to sacrifice the
great public interests involved in its adoption.—
Ibid.

Mr. Huskisson, it seems, is gone on a visit to
his constituents at Liverpool. Other accounts
say that the Right Hon. Gentleman means to
take a tour of the principal manufacturing towns
in the North, with a view of seeing with his
own eyes how his system has been found to
work. Such a tour would be, in every respect,
a wise and statesmanlike proceeding. It is the
fault and the misfortune of most public men to
he obliged to take every thing upon trust. See-
ing and knowing nothing themselves, they are
continually imposed upon by ignorant or sinister
informants. Like a Cockney Barrister on a
Circuit, who, understanding nothing of the pro-
vincialism of the witnesses, finds the Jury and
every one else astonished at his ignorance, xhile
the client loses his cause by the failure of the
" Learned" Gentleman. But whatever he does,
or wherever he goes, we would strongly recom-
mend Mr. Huskisson not to make many speeches
during his tour. Liverpool may be considered
almost the grave of modern orators. Poor Mr.
Canning's Liverpool speeches did him no good ;
and Mr. Huskisson's own last Liverpool harangue
lost him his place, for he may depend upon it
that the Duke never forgave it, and was but too
happy to seize the opportunity Mr. Huskisson's
subsequent indiscretion gave him to pay off an
old score. Travelling oratory, too, has re-
cently acquired no great reputation from Mr.
Peel's trial of his hand at it. Mr. Peel's
Lancashire speeches, last autumn, were the most
unwise and injudicious that any man so situated
could have made, knowing, as we now do, that
he had some time before made up his mind, and
pledged himself to the Duke of Wellington, to
pass the very question to which he had been all
his life opposed; and to which the speeches in
question were offered as the last ciphers of ex-
piring consistency. Eternal and unnecessary
talking is one of the vices of the present age, and
tavern-talking, or harangues over the bottle, when
the judgment is doubly led astray, the expence
of sending any Reporter in Mr. Huskisson's
train, in a full reliance that lie will have learned
wisdom enough, by experience, not to say any
thing worth report, is most of all improvident.
Let him see and hear all he can ; but be dumb
till he can bring his newly-acquired experience to
bear upon events. Many a man, both in public
and private, life, has been deterred even from
doing right upon reflection, merely from having
committed himself to the contrary in haste ; and
half the errors and embarrassments into which
public men fall, have their origin in the necessity
they feel themselves to be under of defending
opinions and sentiments which they ought and
need never to have uttered.—Morning Herald.

The accounts from all quarters of the country
represent the harvest as most abundant where it
has already been gathered in, and most pro-
mising where its quality has not yet been tested.
The late heavy storms have occasioned but com-
paratively little injury. The grain, where it had
been previously cut down, has, in some parts,
been partially blackened by the heavy rains, but
its quality remains uninjured ; and where it is
still standing it possesses all the whiteness which
the sunniest weather could bestow. There is, in
fact, no reason to doubt that the abundance of
the present crop will do something more than
merely make up for the deficiency of the last,

and that the general quality of the grain will be
equal to the produce of any former year.--
Such prospects of abundance for man and
for beast furnish real grounds for rejoicing
at any time ; but more especially ought we to
be grateful for them at the present season, when
there are so many destitute and unemployed per-
sons throughout the country, who in conse-
quence of the abundance will no doubt find
more both of employment arid of food, than in a
season of scarcity, and towards whom, at all
events, the hand of charity may be more amply
and generally extended. We arc not, however,
wholly without hopes, that the abundance which
is already partly in possession, will be the means
of considerably reviving the trade and manufac-
tures of the country. The general cheapness of
provisions which must result from it, will enable
the workmen, on the one hand, to labour for
less wages, without impairing their general
comfort ; and the manufacturers, on the other,
to produce at less cost, and sell for less pro-
fit. The foreign consumer will thus be encou-
raged to purchase, and the foreign manufacturer
discouraged from pursuing a rivalry with the
manufacturers of this country, which has already
been extremely prejudicial to them, and even
threatens to shut them out from quarters, of
which in better times they held undivided pos-
session. Even the farmer will be benefitted by
the abundance ; for abundance not only in.
creases employment, and consequently consump-
tion, but is itself the parent of abundance, by
enabling the farmer to effect improvements at
less cost than in seasons of dearth. And this
is especially the case in this country, where food
and employment must be found for no inconsi-
derable portion of the population, whatever may
be the state of the crops, or the price of agricul-
tural produce.—Morning Advertiser.

SUMMER ASSIZES.

MIDLAND CIRCUIT-DERBY, Aug. 42.

The business of these assizes, which commenced
this morning, is extremely light. Fourteen causes
were entered in the paper, all of which (except two
special jury cases, fixed for to-morrow) were dis-
posed of by Lord TENTERDEN before two o'clock.
The greater number of them were of the most
trumpery description, and none of them possessed
the slightest general interest.
On the Crown side there were 17 prisoners for
trial; but, so far as appears from the entries in the
calendar, their offences are of an ordinary description,
if we may except one which is frequently referred to
in common parlance as the ne plus ultra of depra-
vity in the thieving line,—namely, that of "robbing
a poor-box." Up to post hour (three o'clock) no
case of any importance was tried.
Of the four persons on whom Lord TENTERDEN
passed sentence of death at Nottingham, for shooting
at a Sheriff's officer, his Lordship, we understood,
left the two men for execution on Monday fortnight,
and reprieved the two women.