The Sun.
London, England, 1845-10-15 00:00:00

more and more deteriorated; and then comes this sage re-
flection :—" There may, however, be, and we trust there are
countervailing principles at work, of which we cannot at
present trace the operation ; and at all events we are, whether
for good or for evil, too far advanced in manufactures to
think of seriously checking their progress." And what does
he recommend in the meantime ? " Opening additional
markets for our manufactured goods, lightening the bur-
dens of the lower classes, and repealing' or mo-
difying injudicious or oppressive taxes." Why, the
first would act precisely in the same way as WArrs's and
ARKWRIGHT'S inventions, for the manufacturing population
increase or diminish according to the demand for their labour,
and by lightening the burdens on the industrious classes new
burdens must be cast on others, of course on men who have
capital in land or money, and according to his own showing,
this would "lessen the means of capitalists to employ labour
and increase the temptation to carry capital abroad; and it
has not yet been shown how a measure productive of such re-
sults should be otherwise than injurious to the labouring
classes." But he even despairs of his own remedy, and it is
not to be wondered at, after such a jumble of confused ideas.
" When this has been done," he sums up, " Government had
better pause; and, how unphilosophical soever it may seem,
the safest course will then probably be to fold our arms, and to
leave the denouement to time and PROVIDENCE." We have
only srace to notice two or three of the glaring contradictions
and unfounded statements with which the work abounds.
Mr. M'Cum.ocit contends that every shilling raised by the
income-tax is so much deducted from the fund for the em-
ployment of labour; that it lessens the means of capitalists
to employ labour, and increases the temptation to carry
capital abroad. Why, any man who po:sesses common
sense, without a particle of that science called political
economy, knows that there are as many false statements
here as paragraphs. The money raised by the income-tax
is not thrown into the sea; it still exists, and forms a
fund for the employment of labour, either in
improving or forming harbours ; in constructing
machinery for steam-vessels ; in building ships,
and making railroads, bridges, &c., for the service of the
country. And if a heavy income-tax drives capital to other
countries, has not every tax the same tendency? If fa-
milies find themselves burdened with taxes here more griev-
ously than in other countries, or if manufacturers ascertain
that they can carry on their trade on the Continent at a
cheaper rate, they would be as likely to emigrate for ono
tax as for another. But, after all, these high taxes do not,
to any perceptible extent, drive capital abroad. This is a
mere bugbear, to be found only in the imagination of the
author, and at direct variance too with one of his indis-
putable dogmas. What country ever was so taxed as Great
Britain during the war with France ? The income-tax
alone was three times heavier than it is now. Did
capital emigrate on that account? Not in the least, and
M'Cur,Locu is our authority, for he is of opinion that all
taxes, when judiciously imposed, and not carried to an op-
pressive height, occasion an increase of industry and economy,
and ' but rarely encroach ore capital.' " Nay, lie deems it pro-
bable that " the capital of this country, notwithstanding the
enormous expenditure occasioned by the American and late
French wars, is about as great as it would have been had we
enjoyed profound peace since 1770." What is to be done with
a writer like this? It is impossible to bind Mr. M'CuLLoclt
to anything, for what he advances as an indisputable fact
in one place, he contradicts in another, and leaves the reader
at an utter loss to know what he means by " true" and what
he means by " false." The perusal of the work has only
more confirmed us in the opinion of Mr. COBDEN, who, in
animadverting on M'CuLLocit's notes and comments on the
" Wealth of Nations," said that he was a good collector of
statistical facts, but a miserable political economist, and in
attempting to elucidate the theories of the immortal ADAM
Ssimr, had "only made that obscure which before was
clear."

Madrid journals of the 7th inst. announce that after a trial
of several days LOPEZ, MADOZ, CORTINA, and others, ac-
cused of participation in the revolt at Alicante, had been ho-
nourably acquitted. The Gazette publishes two royal decrees,
one reducing the duty on potash to ten per cent, ad valorem
and the other making certain regulations relative to the im-
portation of cinnamon. Some business was done on the
Bourse at last. The Three per Cents. were quoted at 323
cash, but nothing was done in the Five per Cents.

Most of the Paris journals advert in strong terms to the
comments made by certain London papers on the late dis-
asters in Algeria, and the general impression appears to be
that, in England these events have excited universal joy.
Such is far from the fact. The public disapprove of the
system of warfare carried on by the French—of their
razzias of cattle, destruction of property, and carrying off
women and children—and regret that the brave troops of
France should be instruments of a system contrary to the
usages of modern war; but, at the same time, lament that
these troops should be made the victims of a course
of policy for which the Government are responsible,
and which, if not stopped, will lead to the extermina-
tion of one or other of the contending parties. We
admit that Koine English journals are to a certain extent
liable to the charge, and that they have indiscreetly seized
the opportunity to make attacks on the French at the
time when they are least fitted to listen to advice or reason.
The Journal des Debuts, that has long manfully rebutted the
attacks of the Opposition against England, is even compelled
in this instance to give way, and join in reprobation of
articles which only tend to prolong and increase national
antipathies. We give an extract from the article, at the
same time protesting against the sweeping charge of the
Opposition, which includes the whole of the London papers :
`‘ We are grieved," says the Ministerial paper," to be obliged
to notice the detestable spirit which animates, in the present
circumstances, nearly the whole of the British press. Their
language forms a contrast, not very creditable to them, with
that used by the French press at the time of the disasters
of the English army in Asia. At that period we expressed
the greatest sympathy for the fate of so many brave soldiers
who had fallen victims to savage treason. To-day, the Eng-
lish
journals can only compassionate traitors. Let them
triumph at their ease. We prefer the undisguised manifes-
tation of their joy to expressions of hypocritical philan-
thropy. The French who fell in battle died nobly and glo
riously, and require no illusory condolences. We will not
offend their memory, nor dishonour their triumphant fall, by
seeking, in the history of the English nation, all the crime
which the scourge of GOD should have visited and punished.
Such reprisals would be unworthy of us. But, when we be-
hold certain organs of public opinion in England thus trans-
form acts of shameful perfidy into providential chastisement,
we shall in future be able to appreciate the extent of their
political morality, and the sincerity of those Christian senti-
ments which they proclaim on all occasions with so much
fervour."

These remarks, coming from such a source, are greatly to
be regretted. It is not for the interest of this country to
quarrel with France, and when the French see such charges
made by a Government paper, they cannot fail to believe
that our object is to take advantage of their difficulties and
provoke a war. A report prevailed at Marseilles as well as
Toulon, that another French column, consisting of 200 men,
had been surrounded by the Arabs, and forced to lay down
their arms. Another version declares that this affair related
to the column of General CAVAIGXAC, which, although 800
in number, had surrendered, after having lost three-fourths
of the men.

The following account of this event appears in the Sema.
pliore de Marseilles of the 10th

" Just as the Ville de Bordeaux was on the point of quitting
Algiers, rumours of a new check experienced by our troops began
to circulate. Persons who, by their position and relations with
the superior cfficers of the army in the province of Oran, arc in a
condition to be well informed, had just learned the following sad
particulars, which were unfortunately confirmed to one of the pas-
sengers of the Ville de Bordeaux by one of the chiefs of the naval
department at Algiers :—The garrison of a small camp had applied
to General Cavaignac for a reinforcement, which its numerical
weakness, in the centre of a country in open revolt, and traversed
by the numerous bands of Abd-el-Kader, render indispensable.
The General not wishing to reduce his effective force sent, with
that object, taken from the different hospitals, 200 men, who were
considered sufficiently recovered for active service. A detachment
of Zouaves was ordered to accompany them. The small column
had only marched a few leagues when it was surrounded by an
immense multitude of Arabs belonging to the army of Abd-el.
Kader. All resistance being impossible, the 200 soldiers were
compelled to lay down their arms, and became the prisoners of
Abd-el-Kader. This Is the first instance, since the conquest, in
which a party of French soldiers surrendered to the Arabs."

At the hour of post on Monday no such accounts had
reached the Government. The journals still continue the
attacks on BUGEAUD'S insolent letter. The following article
which appears in the Algerie, a Paris journal, is the best we
have seen on the subject and makes some disclosures en-
titled to credit :

" General Lamoriciere has written a confidential letter to Mar-
shal Bugeaud on the state of Algeria, in which he speaks of the
gravity ofthe late events, but adds —` It is, however, on such great
occasions that men of mind show themselves.' Marshal Bugeaud
hawks this letter throughout Paris as an avowal by General de
Lamoriciere of his own insufficiency. This is too ungrateful. It
we allude to such intrigues, it is because they have become public.
and are revolting to all men of right feeling, who are constantly
hearing repeated that without Marshal Bugeaud Algeria is lost. In
a letter which has been communicated to 200 persons—a letter
from the bend of Marshal Bugeaud, General de Lamoriciere and
General Cavalgnac are accused of having, by the faults they have
committed, been the causes of the late events. The one is
reproached for having suffered the garrison of Djemma Ghazaouat
to make a sortie, when it ought to have defended the place by re.
mining within the walls; of having scattered the troops of his
subdivision in detachments of five hundreds, so as to enable the
enemy to cut them off in detail. The other is rebuked for having
created small posts, which paralysed the action of the eight or ten
battalions at El Kamis, Bel OA Bel Abbes, Daia, Djemma Gha-
saouat, Lalla Maghrina, and the rest. It Is impossible that these
general officers should remain ignorant of the blame which an am.
bilious vanity has thrown upon them; it Is impossible for men who
so nobly devote their lives not to cry out when they learn that
their services have been so unjustly appreciated. Marshal Bugeaud
has forgotten that he left Algiers on the 4th of September, and
that it was only four days after his departure that the revolt near
Cherchell broke out; only eight days after in the Dahra ; onl3
fifteen days after in the Flitta ; and only eighteen days after
his return into France that the disaster of Djemma Ghazmuat
happened. Marshal Bugeaud has forgotten that if he had
been free he would now be with ten or fifteen thousand men
In the Kab}lia of Djerdjeral and that if unfortunately our troops
had been engaged in this insensate expedition, Abd-el-Kader
would be now, as he was in 1839, at the gates of Algiers. Mar-
shal Bugeaud has forgotten that it was he who maintained the or-
ganisation of the Arab country just as it was made by Abd- el.

Kaeer—an organisation directly against us ; he has forgotten that
it was he who created and has maintained the chiefs that have now
betrayed us ; he has forgotten that the return of Abd-el-Kader had
been long in preparation ; that it was foreseen and predicted by all
men acquainted with Algeria; that he, Marshal Bugeaud, in his
last report as commandant- in.chief of the province of Oran, an

flounced that the daita had been reinforced with 6,000 ter.ts; and
that he, this general officer, feeling the gravity of the state o

_ .
things, required to be invested with sovereign powers, in order to
be able to fulfil his duties as Governor-General. Yes, great faults

have been committed ! But they I ave bean by Marshal Bu-
geaud, by the men who surrounded him, and misled him to
his ruin. The evil is done, and irreparably done, if Warshal
Bugeaud is to be charged with the reiredy. Restored to Algiers,
Marshal Bugeaud will not obey the Government, whose orders he
would not defer his departure to receive, and whose blindness he
loudly proclaims. Marshal Bugeaud cannot rely upon the concur-
rence of General de Lamoriciere or General Cavaignac, for they
will never consent to remain under the orders of a man who has so
unjustly misrepresented their services. Let a telegraphic dispatch
be sent to sic p Marshal Bugeaud at Marseilles. Let II .a Ministry
confide the Government of Algiers to a man eminent in position,
popular with the natives from his justice and prudence, already
rendered illustrious by his deeds of arms, and the Minister of War,
as well as the brave general officers who have served their country
with so much brilliant valour, with so much steady devotion for
Steen years, m iy then give all their support to the new Governor-
General, without making any sacrifice of their dignity. Wth
such servants as Lamoriciere, Changarnier, Bedeau, and Cavaignac
France will r asily prove to Marshal Bugeaud that he is not indis.
pensable."

Marshal SOULT had at last made up his mind to return to
Paris, and was expected there on the 15th. A telegraphic
despatch had been sent to the Minister of the Interior, who
was at MirAbeau, ordering his return to Paris. The greatest
activity prevailed in the dock-yard at Torsion, to get ready
three steam-frigates, the Orenoque, Labrador, and Albatros,
to transport to Algeria the 10,000 men and 1,000 horses
which arc destined to reinforce the army there.

The fol'owing are miscedaneous extracts from the Conti-
nental papers :
" A letter from Vienna, Oct. 5, in the Journal de Frankfort,
says The Bourse was agitated by a panic ,d the news of the
disorders which burst out in Italy. Enormous sums were lost by
those speculating for the account. The Government, it is said, has
come in aid of the Bourse with considerable sums.'—A Berlin letter
of the 7th, in the same journal, says:—
'Yesterday, one of our first banking.houses received from
Vienna intelligence that about thirty persons, who had speculated
in railway shares, and were not able to fulfil their engagements,
had disappeared suddenly. These persons, it is said, are for the
most part Jews and persons of little .importance, nevertheless their
disappearance has caused a considerable fall in the market. The
Austrian Government had long foreseen this, and, in consequence,
had taken measures relative to the safety of the bank. It is true
that these steps have produced a momentary want of money, but
they will prevent new disorders and new losses. Similar measures
were taken antecedently with full success by the Prussian Govern-
ment, and since then the frenzy of jobbing has considerably dimi-
nished.'"

The Augsburgh Gazette has the followingfrom Athens, 28th
of September :

" There was a great agitation here on Monday last, in conse-
quence of an article published in a journal, calling on the Greeks
to rally round the King, whose life was threatened by murderers.
It stated that the writer of the article had in his possession proofs
of a detestable conspiracy, and that the 15th of October was fixed
upon to carry the scheme into effect. The journal in which it
appeared is regarded as the organ of the Ministry. The editor
was obliged some years since to absent himself, in order to escape
prosecution, but has since returned. A very great sensation has
been caused by this, and several of the Deputies of the Chamber
have demanded that be should be brought to trial for it."

The French Funds were firm on Monday, but Shares were
depressed. The Three per Cents. closed at 83E 50c.; the
Five per Cents., 118 f. ; the Orleans Railroad shares, 1,237 E
50c. ; Rouen, 1,065 f. ; Great Northern, 826 E 25c.; Fampoux,
535 f. ; Havre, BSOf. • Avignon, 1,042 f. 50c. ; Vierzoa, 765 E;
Bordeaux, 690 f. ; Boulogne, 6301: ; Troyes and Montereau,
20f. ; Basle, 280 f.; Spanish Three per Cents., 381-A.
The following are the quotations for other new lines :-
Paris and Lyons Railroad
.(Laffitte), 27f. 50c. premium ;
ditto (Caton), Bf.; ditto (Ganneron), 10f. 50c.; ditto (La-
pinsonniere), Of. ; Northern Line (Leffitte), 80f. ; ditto
(Rosanne!), 41f. ; ditto (Pepin Lehalleur), 32f. 50c. ; ditto
(Decan Lebeuf), 31f. 50c.; Paris and Strasburg (Ganneron),
16f. ; ditto (Hinguerlot), 15E ; ditto (Bethel), 5E ;
ditto (Aymard), 12f. ; Tours and Nantes (Mackenzie),
`2OE ; ditto (Drouillard), 3E ; ditto (O'Neill), 12f. 50c. ; ditto
(Lefevre), 7f. 50c. • Lyons and Avignon (Talabot), 35f.;
ditto (Lecointe), 50c.; ditto (Compagnie Meridionale),
10E ; Bordeaux and Cette (Mackenzie), 2E 50c.; ditto (Es-
peleta), 13E 75c.; Creil and St. Quentin (Kysaens,) if. 50c.;
ditto (Curette), 8E ; ditto (Colbert), lf. 2,5 c.; Charleroi
(Kysaens), 42f. 50c.
MARSEILLES, Ocr. 7.-Marseilles and Avignon, 1,055 f. ;
Boulogne, 64a.; Vierzon, 775 E ; Orleans and Bordeaux,
700 f.

LYONS, OCT. 10.—Marseilles and Avignon, 1,043 f„ end Off
October; Paris and Orleans, 1,255 f., ditto; Paris and Rouen,
1,077 f., ditto; Orleans and Vierzon, 775 f.; Northern, 847 f.,
cash.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, Ocr. 14.
Anglo-Belgian — Luxembourg
Boulogne and Amiens.. 123% Namur and Liege
Bordeaux &Mediterran North Jamaica
Bordeaux and Toulouse Orleans and Vierzon
Do. & Cette (Espeleta) Orleans and Bordeaux 1314
Do. ( Mackenzie's) Over Yssel ... i 4 dis
Central of Spain ..... Paris& Lyons (Lafitte)

Demerara
Dendre Valley
Dutch Rhenish ...

Ditto (Craniieron's); '
Ditto (Calon's)....
Paris and Orleans._

Dieppe & Paris Juact.
Dijonand Mulhouse ...

Paris and Rouen . 4l
Paris and Strasburg _ _

East Indian ...... ........ 4%
Grt Northern of France

(Ganneron's) —2%
Do. (Compte del:Est)
•

(Laffitte's)
Ditto (Rosamel's)
Do. (Le Boeuf)
Do. Pepin lc Halleur —
Great Paris and Lyons —
Great Western Bengal l IA
Jamaica Junction
Do. North Midland VA
Do. Extension
Jersey 2
Louvain and Jemeppe —
Lyons and Avignon 2l/1

Paris and St. Quentin.
Rouen and Havre...... 32
Royal North of Spain.
Sambre and Meuse .... 7%
Strasbourg and Basle .
Tournay,Jurbise, Lan-
dent, and Hasselt
Tours and Nantes
(Mackenzie's) 23/
4
Do. (Lefebvre's)
Verona and Ancona
West Flanders

SOUTHWARK.-(THIS DAY.)
_Richard Hodnott and Se lonzcns Lbons, two members of
the swell mob, commonly call, d " nublers," were brought
before Mr. Traill, charged with assaulting Robert Elsworthy
and Richard Dolby, in the Bridge-house public-house, Bo-
rough-road, and stealing from the latter a gold union-pin
and a silver watch.

Dolby said that he was a City policeman, and on the pre-
vious evening went to the Surrey theatre with his friend.
About a quarter past one o'clock this morning, as they were
leaving the theatre, they went into the above public-house,
and called for a pipit of hall-and-half. While there, Hodnott
asked his friend Elsworthy, whether he knew any person
in the " City Detective Force," at the same time Lyons sud-
denly struck him a severe blow in the mouth, and snatched
the ends of his stock from his neck, on which was fixed a
gold union pin. At the same tune he lost his watch, but he
could not swear who was the party that took it, as he bad not
recovered from the blow. Lyons made his escape, and
Hadnott ran out of the house, but was captured within a few
yards of the Borough-m.d School. After he was conveyed
to the station. house, they went in search of Lyons, and
found him in his lodgings. The ends of the stock and part
of the union-pin ws also found there.
Elsworthy said he was a clerk, and after they left the
theatre he accompanied Dolby into the above public• house.
While he was in conversation with Hodnott, Lyons struck
Dolby and snatched his stock, and as he was in the act of
assisting him, Hodnott struck him two blows on the face.
They had nothing more to drink than a pint of half-and-
half.

Brown, the landlord of the house, said that be saw the com-
plainants enter his house and call for a pint of half-and-half,
and two glasses of spirits for some females they had with
them. The prisoners knowing the girls, were rather jealous,
and some words ensued, which turned to blows. He did not
zzee any robbery committed. In answer to fir. Trail, witness
said that the prisoners frequented his house, but he did not
know what employment they followed.
The complainants denied being in company with any fe-
males, or calling for any liquor. All they had was a pint of
half-and-half.

A constable of the M division said that the house was fre-
quented by very bad characters, and that the prisoners were
well known as " noblers."

Mr. TRAIL', said that it was case which ought to go before a
jury. He should, therefore, commit them for trial.

LAMENTABLE Suicina.—This morning an act
of determined suicide was committed near the powder
magazine, Hyde-park. Shortly before ten o'clock a well-
dressed man was noticed to walk from the direction of Cum.
berland-gate ; his manner attracted the attention of some
persons, who suspected he was insane. On arriving near the
magazine, he drew a pistol out of his waistcoat and discharged
the contents through his head and immediately fell; several
persons ran to the spot, but so effectual was the act that life
was extinct, the whole of the upper part of the head being
shattered to pieces. The body was conveyed to the barracks
on the north bank of the Serpentine, and from papers found
on the unfortunate gentleman's person, there is every reason
to suppose that his name is Elliott, and that his residence is
Porchester-terrace, Bayswater. A large quantity of papers
connected with several railways in diffeieut parts of the
kingdom was found in his pockets.
SERIOUS ACCIDENT TO SIR WILLIAM CHAMBERS,
BART.—This morning, between ten and eleven o'clock, an
accident of a very serious nature happened to Sir William
Chambers, Bart. The worthy Baionet had only a few
minutes left his residence in Seymour-street, Bryanstin-
square, when, in riding up Gloucester-place, his horse took
fright from some cause, and went off in a furious gallop. Sir
William, being very aged, was unable to stop its speed, and
it continued its eareer as far as the New-road, when the
animal came in contact with one of the Paddington omnibuses.
The collision threw Sir William off into the road, the horse
continuing his progress towards Paddington. Sir William
was removed to the house of Mr. Spencer, surgeon, of Alsop's-
buildings, New-road, when it was ascertained that his collar.
bone was dislocated, and he has otherwise received serious
injuries. He still remains at the house of Mr. Spencer,
where every attention and medical skill is rendered him.
DIVORCE.-Lin the Bristol Consistory Court, on
Friday, before Dr. Phillimore, judgment was given in the
case of "Davis v. Davis," which was a suit brought by
Jane Davis against her husband, William Davis, for the re-
storation of conjugal rights. Mr. Harmer, proctor for the
wife, said, that after reading the evidence, he could not
deny that adultery had taken place, and had, therefore,
only to submit to the judgment of the Court. Mr. Bridges,
proctor fur the husband, prayed a judgment of divorce. Dr.
Phillimore, on summing up the case, said that the marriage
of the parties took place in Bedminster, in 1832 ; the maiden
name of the wife was Durbin. In opposition to the suit of
the wife, the husband had entered what was called a cross
suit, and pleaded that his wife had been guilty of adultery.
The evidence, apart from the admission of the proctor for
the wife clearly proved the truth of the allegation. The
Learned Doctor recapitulated the evidence, proving that the
wife had, during the temporary imprisonment, in 1835, of
the husband, committed adultery with one Abraham Fuller;
had subsequently lived with Edward He lder as his mistress,
going by the name of Mrs. Whitford ; and, as late as 1844,
had lived with James Dally, as his wife. Under these dr
cunDtances, he had no hesitation in pronouncing for the
divorce.

AYLESBURY, OCT. 14.---The Michaelmas sessions
for this county commenced this morning before Sir Thomas
Aubrey, Bart., chairman, and a full bench of magistrates.
The calendar contains the names of thirty-six prisoners, and
most of the offences are of a trivial nature. The new gaol is
in a very forward state, and it is expected it will be occupied
early in the summer. The sessions for the county of North-
ampton commence on Wednesday next, when a new chair-
man will he elected in the room of the lamented Lord
Spencer, his loss will be deeply felt in the county, and it will
be difficult to find a successor, as chairman, which cffice he
so ably filled for so many years, and always gave general
satisfaction.

The Hon. Captain Leicester, whose life had been
at one time despaired of, in consequence of the rupture of a
blood-vessel, was yesterday morning pronounced to be out of
danger. _ _

A sale of the paintings, the propvrty of the late
Joseph Bonaparte, ex-King of Spain, recently took place
in the United States. The gross amount of the sale'was
20,000 dolls.