The Sun.
London, England, 1842-04-25 00:00:00

self to have constant intercourse with manufacturers and their
workmen ; and (observing thus the difficulties which the latter
have to surmount in learning the principles of the Arts prac-
tised them)
he may he inclined, as he will certainly be most
tit, to sugeiest for eineevitee those difficulties. We would
indeed ureic that the terms of the Professors appointment
direct his attention to this matter.
It probable also that during the intervals of the College
ion, the Professor will find it his interest to lecture at In-
:etis tsutions in the country, where he will contribute to introduce
a branch of teaching which has not perhaps hitherto sufficiently
prevailed within them ; and we feel a strong hope that of the
Students who will frequent the class which we propose to found,
many will afterwards devcee themselves to popular instruction.
By these means we believe that the Birkbeck Professorship
will, at no distant period, largely promote the instruction of
workmen, whether agricultural or manufacturing. A class of
teachers will we hope be sent forth, who will carry into the
various institutions of the country, the systematic instruction
which they have obtained from the propossed chair ; nor need
we doubt that, if the fee of the class is sufficiently low, school-
masters will frequent it in order to qualify themselves to impart
that knowledge which, though it is d fl a post valuable that
the future weeks-Dan can acquire, has nevertheless 'leen hitherto
the most difficult to attain.
We think that the chair which we recommend is most hicele
to be efficient and perNaane4if attached to some existing and
largely endowed institution for ,e4tecation ; and we therefore
recommend that the Professorship ehell Ise established in Uni-
versity College, London. Although, ateeded4 to the system
of elves Pellege, this class may be attended alosae-evn mere
payment 44'4? fee, without involving any other expense, pit
study which weeteeeire to promote will (like all others) be 1)64
pursued in a place ere'seeee the sciences connected with it are
taught. The Chemical teetteratories in University College,
together with the large eelleetiens
tfeilite Professor, and
.ye.Y..ch it possesses of models
au apparatus, will greatly a:'l the iabieneeee
diminish the cost of establishing bed VuLiotat!nirsgu 5/),Pihr'
We have al,so reason to hope, that if means*.l"6l",enet'eete'„Y
subscription for fannding and endowing the -sheep'-'7,treete.'
those means may be augmented by a grant from the .:11
funds, or from some of the endowments at its disposal, and m,,
become a motive with friends of education to endow it mole
largely or found Scholarships in connexiou with it, In pro.
portion to the extent of the endowment will be the diminution
of the fee.
" We have also strongly felt that there can be no fitter
place wherein to establish a Memorial of Dr. Birkbeck's services
to mankind, than University College--an Institution in the
foundation of which he bore a prominent part."
Mr, HUME, M. P. then rose to move the first resolution,
and was most enthusiastically received. He was not aware
why the first resolution had been put into his hand, unless it
was because he had been one of those who had earnestly re.
quested the Noble-Chairman to deviate from the rule he had
laid down of late years not to attend public meetings, but to
sanction an Institution for the benefit of those classes to whose
interest his whole life had been devoted.—(Cheers.) He con.
curred in every sentence of the excellent speech of the Noble
Lord in the Chair. The Resolution he had to propose was as
follows— s
" 1. It is the opinion of this meeting that upon the sound
education of the great body of the people mainly depend, under
Divine Providence, the stability and happiness o f nations ; and
that Mechanics' Institutions have greatly contributed to that
education by the direct /instruction and by the rational re-
creation which they afford to the working classes."
Such was the resolution fee had to propose. He wouldnot de-
tain the meeting at any length because he did not consider it
necessary to recommend such a plan to their notice ; but then
he would say, that he never attended a public meeting at which
he felt greater satisfaction as to the result, than the present—
( Cheers.) It was most gratifying to see men of all parties,
when party ran so high, coming forward in support of so great
and general an object,--an object confined to no class. Whatever
class of politicians were in power, nothing was of such im-
portune as to raise the condition of the working classess.
He was one of those who considered that it was as important
that a Government should provide for the education of the
people, as that it should provide for their physical wants by the
erection of poor-houses. He had been ever anxious to for-
ward that great object, and he deeply deplored that it had not
made greater progress. The working classes themselves were,
he was glad to see, now pushing forward to point out the
necessity of this object.—(Cheers.) He had known Dr.
Birkbeck for many' years, not simply as the a.dvueate of
Mechanics' Institutions, but as the friend of general
education, when it was a question even among many
well-meaning persons, if general education were a good
or not. He had found Dr. Birkbeck, so long ago
as 1811 or 1812, the earnest promoter of every plan for the
general education of the working classes, pr. Birkbeck was
himself one of the working classes. He had esessosl all that he
possessed by his own labours, arol yet, unlike too many profes-
sional men, who kept aloof from all participation in any mea-
sures of a public nature lest it should affect their private
interest, Dr. Birkbeck was ever ready to come forward pub-
licly and privately, in the most zealous manner, to pro-
mote that object. The present occasion was one of the
utmost importance. They had lost Dr. Birk-beck, and
what could be more fitting than to make that loss
itself a means of continuing Dr. Birkbeck's labours, and ap-
pointing this Professorship. He thought that the Professorship
should be appointed to University College, because he was
aware of the labours of Dr. Birkbeck in founding University
College. No man ever exhibited more zeal and energy in the
pursuit of his own private interest, than Dr. Birkbeck bad ex-
hibited in promoting the foundation of University College.
That institution was founded on the great principle of giving
education to all, without any distinction of creed, tenet, pro-
fession, or country. He was aware that a difference of
opinion had existed on the subject of endowing this
Professorship, among the members of the Committee
at their former meeting on this subject, but he trusted that
now there would be no difference of opinion as to the propriety
of continuing Dr. Birkbeck's labours by the foundation of a
Professorship, which would carry down the name of Dr. Birk-
beck to ages yet to come, and would stimulate others to imitate
his exertions.—( Cheers. ) He thought it would be a waste of
money to erect a marble statue. The foundation of a Profes-
sorship would be a monument far more lasting, and if Dr.
Birkbeck could give an opinion on the subject, he felt con-
vinced, from what he knew of Dr. Birkbeck, that he would
say, " The promotion of tke education of mankind has ever
been with me the primary object of my life, and nothing can
be more gratifying to me than that you should take
care to carry out that object."—(Cheers.) He thought that
by doing this they should be doing an honour to the country.
—(Cheers.) He was aware that there were many persons
who objected to endowments of any sort. He objected to
many endowments, but he only objected to them when they
were abused ; and he trusted that in the appointment of this
Professor the Committee would take care to lay down such
rules as shonld prevent any abuse arising.--( Cheers.) On
those grounds he cordially approved of the object of the present
meeting, and was delighted to see the manner in which their
Noble and Learned Chairman was supported, and he was re-
joiced to see this the more, because it would go forth
to the world, that, however men might differ as
to other things, still when the education of the
working classes was concerned there was no difference
of opinion, but that all parties were united in bearing testimony
to the labours of Dr. Birkbeck in the manner which would have
been most gratifying to Dr. Birkbeck himself, by continuing
his services to mankind.--( Loud cheers. )
Mr. R. TAYLOR was glad to be permitted to second the
motion. It had been his good fortune to be acquainted with
Dr. Birkbeck, and to have co-operated with him and the Noble
Lord in the foundation of University College. He had also
witnessed the great zeal and uniting energy with which Dr.
Birkbeck had laboured in founding the London Mecha-
nics' Institution, and in supporting and promoting its interests.
None but those who had witnessed his labours could be aware
of his unceasing exertions in behalf of that Institution. He
superintended all the financial operations of the Institution.
If any difference arose, his interference was always the means
of restoring harmony. If lectures were wanted, Dr. Birkbeck
was always ready. He devoted the greater part of the leisure of
his very laborious life in promoting the welfare of that Institution.
It was not only to the London Mechanics' Institution, but to
the cause of the education of the people generally, that the
talents and the labours of Dr. Birkbeck were ever devoted.
His Lordship and many of the gentlemen present knew how
actively his services were rendered to the University College.
He might also advert to the assistance which Dr. Birkbeck
rendered to that school of which his Lordship laid the
first stone in the City of London, and which now num-
bered between 400 and 500 pupils. They could not
express their regard for the memory of such a man in a way
more honourable to him and more likely to be of permanent
service to the cause to which he devoted his life, than by
erecting sisal a Professorship as that mentioned in the resolu•
lien. There had certainly been abuses in endowments ; but
still endowments were part of the capital of the country.
Many of the abuses alluded to had also, it should be remem-
bered, been removed of late years ; and many valuable
institutions which had become almost utterly useless to the
public at large, had been resuscitated. He trusted from the
countenance which the impose.] of a fitting memorial to the
memory of Dr. Birkbeck had that day received, that thepro-
jeet would be speedily accelerated. The Hon. Gentleman con-
cluded by seconding the resolution.
Mr. HODGKINS said, that he felt he owed some apology
to the meeting, and to his Lordship, for tresspassing on their
attention. He would not detain them long, and he would
confine himself strictly to the purposes for which they had as-
sembled. Lest he should be mistaken at the outset, he begged
leave to say, that, however Intense might be the admiration of
the gentlemen around him for the memory of Dr. Birkbeck,
their admiration did not surpass his.—( Hear, hear.) It was
because he was desirous of imprinting his admiration
on the spirit of all time, that he rose on that occasion to make
a suggestion rathe: adverse to the report which they had heard,
although not adverse to the resolution which had been moved.
He was decidedly adverse to the endowment of a Professorship,
and still more decidedly adverse to the connexion
of that Professorship with the London Univereity
College. As he understood it, the Professorship
was intended to promote knowledge among the humbler
classes. Now it was pretty evident that tea college which was
frequented exclusively by the wealthy and middle classes, th e
labouring classes would never resort for instruction. As far a s
he could judge of such Professorships they had contributed very
little to the honour of those whose names they bore;
and some of these were very little known beyond the
walls of the seminary in which they were endowed.
If they were, therefore, to establish such a Professorship as
that proposed, it would completely fail, he thought, to honour,
or even to commemorate the memory of Dr. Birkbeck. He
might mention, as an example in point, the case of a Profes-
sorship in the University of Oxford, endowed by Mr. Vines;
but he believed that the Vinerian Professorship would
be almost wholly unknown to the world at large if it had
not been mentioned by Blackstone in his commentaries,
If the Professor were a clever one, the Professorship would
be only known in connection with his name; and if he were

an indolent or an incapable men, the foundation could neither

confer honour nor utility of any kind. But if there were good
reasons for not establishing a Professorship at all, there were

besides, in his opinion, very solid and substantial reasons why
such a Professorship, even if established, should not be con-
.

had told them, and told them very truly, that there was a great lion. He disapproved of endowments altogether. He would
paucity of lecturer? for the Mechanics Institutions scattered remind them that the great object they had in view was the
through the country. Now, surely the best means of removing impronement of toe minds cf the people, and if they worked
means could b -' - .-f
that evil was to establish ono or more itinerant profeesors, svh‘r Well for 10 or 15 year,,, they would then be able to seer a ],,,lure
ss'i!aul-l.iefishraent, l', iai-itever it mig:it be,
,hould give lectures to the Mechanics' Institutions in general, rry weil a then,selves tvi,thout the :ti,sistaile,-; of professor:.
aii
eCa appointedri.,inatnii,iitt,-,heeers.
Thist rpriasirlipheeriuntsennbdi
tl,:onedihnigs i:hateoll3-I,ienve;fiistshecdf that some
e eeeeert e re-
fto the erecting a statue in Ste Paul's, though to emu, arid whices they steroid en,lOA throughero :les- coantre a, lee.
prefer even
ex-
their rlatbhoeurdsi.
a statue in that great national temple was, in his opinion, prefer- A YOUNG ItIAN in the hotly of the meetino sad that he
rec(tiHoneaort,
able, because more likely to honour his viruses, tpthp endowing a trusted he should be trardoned if be trespassed for a moment
professorship in the London University. It was to propose this on their indelgence, He was himself one who had bene-
pan 1 that he had risen to address the meeting. What he would Otte(' by these Mechanics' Institutions, to the establishment
saiget was, that they should refer the matter back to the of which De. Birkbeck had mainly contributed. It appeared
nmsittee, with instructions to aeeertein the probable expense to him that the establishmentl ik prossArship in the Univers
of erecting a statue to the memory of De. liiekbeck in St. City College would clot be the best means of perpetuating the
. . •
Paul's cathedral, and also what would he the cost of establishing memory of Or.. Birabeek among the working ?lasses.. And it
itinerant professorships; and? having ascertained this, ihe'Coms should be recelleeted that that was the object w.hiAl, the meet,
mittee should report again to a erthlip ,c eeting. iog had principally in view. In his i-iiiirBiies, tki,e estilvAsh-,
The CHArattaN said, before he pa the re(Olutiert, iie hoped mem. stf itiuil
isS.t,?'''lAiloil, tea hreelloeten suggested by
•Mr. Hodgkin woniei h4ve the candour to listen to one or titai a gentlemen tt 9. ,at preceded' him, would much more
words, inreferee:tee to his preposal. There need be no differ- effectua!ly contribute to the purpose. He believed that lectures
ence of opinion anteng them gposeethie matter. 'ir any persons at the London University would not be attended by the working
proposed a statue el the Metropolis,working
to a ; rofessorsl4, list Orate .e'llaecrilee for'a lien generally and to the llllO of
IrD-...., t Lny ~,,,uld 11. • o ,
statue.—( Laughter. ) If any person preferte4 Ili PO.- itli3r t, PO 1
feseorship to a statue, let them subscribe for a professorship. tore inopo-c a. al arneO'dreent to the'resoltition,.—it Th.it in
The poe did not at ;11 exclude the other. Judging, however, • the opialeA ‘sl' 'Mi. Mitring,' the best raj( tar perpetuate the
hi 43(4 co:: he bat.; heard speak on the subject, and by those iin rnory of Dr. Birkbeck among the'NVorking clauses is lee
who had t4aideKsi tli i-. 11- sup iti; st4ippietti, ' ;;-t.e.‘recl that there the establishment of Itinerant Leetirreshie's,
would be every sinall' milisaiription for the edi, ~..oi#,,i eeieet. ! -seetei ORO p o ktet -ot ]roped" he iniOt" a permitted, before
would be—he would not say a very larger-i-li 'a edioltddraillis ptitiirtst the (question; to ekplain 'to the two gentlemen oho
and competent one for the Professorship. The Crlat'quesinsii, had' jUst ‘spekeo; that it was a great mistake to suppose that
then, was, as to the two kinds of Professorships. He quite the appointment of a professorship in the London ',July ee-
agree4 eetth Ny, Hedgkin, that if they had funds sufficient for ! sity, implied that it was to he a' seedsssetes, tat ti esSalai.Y,
the porpeser, inner prOfesors!nps would be be and all cons- withoo,`,. rlepeiteiiies at alt on 1,114 f,hs'; SO la td'itn'thle the'l6l2- •
parisen better then' ee3Y'Gii CV.i.:tij 'Paoieisorshir ' lint tate t'Ssienrutd'esd tte . sleep hi' his' chair; and 'receive-his salary,
Let was, the Conesseitteo, et's.ire ties 'Maisie' theirereptfre, had teithiml. drengihis lensiness,' they should' then be foteedi'eso, al!
taken both proposals into there serice.'4 `erMsidefetioni. and it ahnstt inst6d ' of ' a professerst'4, Tiee-ee leutild ''''bier 'fees,
, ,i, •
- from their calculation, that 1- uti itmerant filroisiss vesee iesitforete, so el 'to'' eniMe ilia" woreing classes
appeared fr f
e..r, : • , •
~ sorship was established, taking the whole Mies" of ince ialq#. , tOa*Trq, and to, cr4le 41tctui.6 fie be better worth his at-
i Matiteitions 4iaat 7,7031 d iequird his aid, it would amount to one , tendar.ce, for that which Was got for nothing, was often nothing
• epusse OY ilectures for esei, ioet;oitinn every sixth Year.— 1 worth, and very little valued or p:ofited by, by those salee rz,.4
(Langhter.y Vhclotibtedl ;ilf`ilAy ciiiild atkird i4ty OF fifty cie;sre 4 it, A reesonobie ereotse. oe noel. Waniktl be attiehed
itene7ant peefessroosb-ipa, t 4' wifolty ble.' 010 or ifs" titer; 1 t:r'llid Chair; hilt it !wtitlid hot he independOnt tif liis own exer-
better than .7tablieli'dg a PrOfeirsorqiip 'at ' the piiiveqty Col- 1 tionS.' ' As'to the observation. respecting an itinerant lecture-
, lege.,( Pear. ) lie was afraid, hovever, toaf itheee 'wai rip 1 silo, he was far from supposing that anything in the appoint-
' ' en ' th- iro're-s— "- - ,t re e• d '. '',tin the chief
' hope that po,ti, ;could be the case. ft aPPearedteiMm, there= leee e, ei f , f teat a‘ae,d e. e.l-1 X 11l VI.I . .r., •
fore, thlt *Yr c:;,!Ad ;fiord the professorship, whilst they could Workshops' ref iniclfrstrta RirMill'Atiddi,LLedts; a:A' ItlneeheOtere
not afford the itinerancy. Noes ' with met wouldered to the London It would be impossible to visit 'all the 111e'cifinics' Institutions of
University, 4.e the head of thai'be'dy—,(ilore
his lordship was the country, and as they became more numerous, it would be-
interrupted by a pee sim near the end 'of tile room, ',-;(-) :- a 4,; eome still more impossible. His Lordship then read the
tempted to addrese the meting, and' coMplaided that' the imencternt, pacaoosirat the foundation of an itinerant Lecture-
Chairman was out of order in doing O. Ater severalineffed- ship. -
tual attempta to address
.the meeting, he !at last succeeded, ' Mr. TRacey asked if the original resolution wae eapable of
through the interposition of the Chairman, in obtaioi.ag a all the modificat;ons his Lordship -Wad alluded fog
hearing, when he !Rid, OW hte game was V.Vaticites, and that i.!ord Beget. ;dial had no hesition iii sayMg, that in his
his only object then via* 49 Irni9o,isrP °- the Chairman Whether opinion the foendatiop of such a professorship in connection
the resolution which was about .to e vac, yeaa e teTiutien with the London University was perfectly compatible with, and
proposing a professorship at the Widen PlaiVersitty.?. sosiOht lead to, au itinerant lectureship to the extent described.
The CIiAtEmAN said, that there was no aPeteion w ateyer of Ile tvoteiri ga a little fUrther, and pledge himeele that it eheuld
the kind. be so 4one: He pledged himself conunected with the Com-
Mr.. ,
~ as
~
lionotseN then proposed an amendment to the effect, mittee, with the etibecription, and University, that it the means
that the Report be referred back to the Committee, with in- would afford it lectures should he given front time to time.
structions to state whet would Ise the expense of erecting a Me. Tiraeeiv—Let the amendment be etrthddied in the re-
statue in St. Paul's, and also what would be the e4pense of es- solution.
tablishing iteneant professorships, The CliApigA x—lt is part of the Report, and the report has
,
On the resolution and amendment being pett front tine C,bait', ketiP 4tiopfeq- rho llctlp and Learned Lord then read from
the former was carried. the Report the following extract —
Lord J, RUSSELL then rose and said, after the eloquent ob- t'ft will he the 4ty of the Professor himself to have con-
servations that were made to you by the Chairman at the corn- slant iptercgtiFse wit - manUfaCtorerr and their workmeu ; and
mencement of this nee,etiog, and after what you have heard (observing thus the iifteultie whirl the' latter have to sur-
i
from Mr. Hume and Mr, Teller, ie proppeing and seconding mount in leering the prineildes of the arts praeti-ed by thesis)
the first resolution, I need not detain you !owe than a very he may be inclined, as he will certainly be inoitfit, to suggest
few minutes. You will all agree, and I as happy to eee Oaf pteens for removing those difficulties. Aire would' indeed urge #i
the gentleman who moved the amendment emphatically ggree,t ithe tertm y the pryessor's appointment should direct his
in bearing testimony to the merit of Dr. Birkbeck. The, attention to-this garret,
resolution which I hype to move is, simply to record the sense "It is prOpable also that doring. the intervals of the College
which this meeting entertains of those merits. It refers to the Session, the Professor will fired it.htS interest to lecture at Insti-
class which he instituted for mechanics at Glasgow as long ago Unions in the country, where he will contribute to introduce a
as the year 1800. Before that time no doubt 'there were peep branch of teaching which has not perhaps hitherto sufficiently
of great mechanical skill, some of mechanical genius, amen prevailed .iitop them ; and wp feel a strong hope that of the
the working classes; but they had
,every difficulty tee contend etedenta WhO will frqqnt the class which wepropose tb found,
with if they endeavoured to make that skill and that genius many will afterwards devote theinselVes to popular instruction."
available by the addition of acquired knowledge.--( Hear, hear.) The CIJA I BMA N observed that he thought it better to add
It was the merit of Dr, Ririsheck that in Glasgow he insti- the amendment to the resolution. It was to the effect, " That
toted a class by which that science and that knowledge might during the interval of the Session he be required to lecture in
be attained. Many years afterwards, when in Loden, he the eonotry,"
contributed, by his attention, by his labours' and munifieentry ' The resolution, as amended, having been put and carried,
•by his means, to the foundation of the Mechanics Institute in Ur, cP4l'Or the Secretary, read letters from Lord Laos-
this metropolis. Others have sought, in the mode of disposing downy and others i also a list of subscribers on the paesent oc-
of their fortune, either the enjoyments for themselves, or the casion. Among pie fames were those of—The Noble and
means of raising that which should be a benefit in Learned Chairman;Lord Brougham, 5p gpineas i Lord Lans-
future to their family. Dr, Birkbeek was one of those who downc, 50/. ; Lord Campbell, 10/. ; Lord J. Russell, 101. ; Mr.
wished that the fortune which he had honeurably acquired Ewart, Si, &c.
should be the means of benefiting hii fellow-men at ollfutore Mr. MONCTON IthaNes, M.P., said he had been called upon
times. And now, Gentlemen, agreeing as I have no doubt to peldrese the eeeetirig 'without premeditation, and certainly
you Ate, jo recording your sense of the merits of Dr. Birkbeck, would apt have done to had he nqt felt a wish, a
I will say boteerte word or two as to the nature of the mono- protested Conservative Menibk • of Parliameot, to come
ment you should raise to his memory. It appears to me that then to sympathise with them.—(Cheers.) He was anxious
to the extent of your frinete, you should endeavour to to show that the subject of the meeting was common ground,
make that monument useful 'to mankind. There are on which men of all opinions might meet together, that when
those who honourably to themselves, and gloriously the education of the working classes was concerned, the stickler
• to the country to which they belong obtain by their military for gle old constitution, and the man who was most anxious for
and nasal services distinction at the moment, and fame for an entirely rev pee, were united. He would merely refer to
ever. It is most useful to a country that there should be such the address of Sir Robert Peed on the opening of the taroworth
men—it is useful that there should be these rewards and die- Institute as a proof of what he said.—( Cheers.) There was
tinctions, and that they should receive the fame of marbles and no partizanship In the diffusion of knowledge.—(Cheers.) All
monuments, and all the honours that attend on their merits. could join in the good work. Although it was a mournful
But merits of the kind possessed by Dr. Birkbeck are pet re- occasion, yet he trusted that it would not be without
warded by immediate fame; they are unobtrusive in their °pee it; odeentogea He was not called upon to interfere
ration, but they tend to the improvement of mankind in all ages; I in any discussion ihat 1144 biiiin mired F,l t 9 thp propriety pf
they tend to the promotion of peace and the diffusion of know- I disposing of the funds that would be collected, but he hoped
ledge and to giving men a bettor knowledge of their duties, both that every gentleman would believe that the Committee, in the
tothose immediately surrounding them, their fellow-countrymen, determination they had come to, with perfect honesty and good
and to living in peace and brotherhood with fostejgo nations. will, had the wish to carry out what they believed would
To such men we can raise no monument so fitting as ' that have been the wishes of Dr. Birkbeck.—(Cheers.) He was
which shall continually, perpetually, and uninterruptedly useful certain that if the Committee had believed that, if any of the
to mankind. I ask you, therefore, to agree to the resolution other excellent propositions which had briers submitted to the
for founding a Professorship in University College. I call on Meeting, had been more feasible than the one they had pro-
you to agree to that which is fitting to the character of him we posed, they would have had no hesitatien in adopting it.—
are about to honour, and I trust that, a 3 his exertions (Cheers.) The Hon. Gentleman concluded by proposing the
have tended to the general benefit of his couotryinen, fellowing resolution:—
the subscription will be as widely diffused as possible, and that If Thet the thanks of the Meeting be presented to the Com-
the knowledge of what has passed here to-day will incite other mittee and to the Secretary fyr their labours hitherto ; that
men of similar benevolence, of less confidence perhaps, of they be requested to confirm) their eacrtipris toy the attainment
being able to achieve similar services, but still that of the proposed object, and that they have leave to add to their
it will incite such men to believe ti{l}t honours and rewards will numbers, and appoint trustees."
be given not only to those more captivating end exciting see- Mr. ROEBUCK, who was received with loud cheering, rose to
vices which have too much, perhaps, though not tillii.Cspryedly, second the motion of his Hon. Friend. It was needless at that
gained the applause mankind, but that they will be given 'oleo time for him to enlarge upon the benefits likely to accrue from
to those who ha..ye been engaged in the work of peace and bene- the pioposal which bad been made that day ; still more need-
volence, of universal improvement and universal charity, that less was it for him to adduhii hiimble triimite pf applause to the
these men will likewise be handed down to future ages, and exertions of that great man whose memory there was
obtain their reward in thegratitude and ypoeration of mankind. no mar. but must honour.—( Cries of " Hear, hear.") In
Mr, Basta MONTAGUE moved the next resolotiqp, that— him they had suffered a great loss, and they were seeking
"'Phis meeting desire to record their deep sense of lee e'r to alleviate that loss by the adoption of that measure which
trent services which Dr. Birkbeck has rendered to the educe- iney conceived would have been most gratifying to that great
tion of the people by founding in 1800, and by teaching a class man, had •be yet liaOd•ee-(Pheers.) They had adopted the
for mechanics at Glasgow, by his munificent aid in founding ! recommendation of the CoMmittee, and, in doing se, they had
and his constant care in superintending the London Mechanics' done that which with Dr. Birkbeck had been the object of his
Institution, and by his assistance in forming similar bodies i whole life—thee had contributed. to the diffusion of knowledge
throughout the kingdom." through the country.—(Cheers.) He would not live in mar-
He stated that the late Dr. Birkbeck originally belonged to , ble PF monUmfntal brass—but he would live in the circulation
the Society of Friends ; he' eulogised the system of education !of knowledge,-and he Mild not die while knowledge remained,
prevailing among that respected body, and after passing a , It had been said that the Professor they were about to endow
high eulogium on the personal character of Dr. Birkbeck, would swallow up the memory of him they desired to corime-
referred to the importance and success of his labours. morate. Not so.—(Cheers.) No man would return from
All that was required of them was the grateful expression of hearing those lectures but he would call to mind whq it was
their respect for the memory of the man who had benefited who had drat put in motion that engine, the benefits derived
mankind by the establishment of Mechanics' Institutions , from which he had just Participated.— (Cheers. ) They were
A person in the lower part of the room, wheise name we about to erect a living monument to him—(Cheers)—they
understood to be WATRiers, said, amid considerablinoiee and were about to make it perpetual, continuous, ever active, and,
confusion, that the resolution ought to be placed in the hands like himself, ever benotilepot. The committee hod adopted a
of a person who had shown practical devotion to the opinions of plan which, while it would commemorate the memory of
Dr. Birkbeck.—( Cries of " Turn him out," and much uproar.) Dr. Birkbeck in the manner that would have been most pleas-
The CHAIRMAN saiu he did not think the gentleman was out ing to himself, would at the same time confer great benefit on
of order in speaking to the resolution. But he would mit it to mankind, and excite others to follow his noble example.—
hio good sense and feeling whether they ought not to avoid all (Cheers.) In erecting a monument to the memory of such a
unnecessary allusion to political matters. Let them reserve man, it was not so deOrahle to erect a marble tomb that might
them for another occasion, , be beautiful to look at, as to
endeavour tea promote the good of
Some further interruption then took place, but after a few makirid, as he had done, and to incite others to the adOetion
words from the Noble Chairman order was restored, and the •of a similar line of virtuous conduct. For these reasons' he
resolution was put and carried unanimously. approved of the decision of the Committee, arid he cordially
Lord DUDLEY STUART said that when he heard the pre? • soconded the resolution of his Hon Friend,
sent meeting was to be held he did not for a moment hesitate The Noble 13hairreers here left the meeting, amidst the most
on determining to attend it, because he was and must enthusiastic demonstration, of applause.
ever be most anxious to do every thing thaat was ! Lord J. RUSSELL having then taken the chair,
in his power, little though that might be, to certify i Mr. HILL, Queen's Counsellor, moved the thanks of the
veneration for the memory of the late Dr. Birkbeck, He meeting to the Noble and Learned Lord who had presided ever
( Lord S.) had had the honour of being well acquainted with their proceedings op that day. He believed there was no one
that deeply-lamented gentleman, and had been a great admirer to whose courifenence and assistance Dr. Birkbeck was so
,)f his virtues, both public and private. He honoured the man much 'indebted in the labours of his life as to the Noble
who had passed his whole life in devoting himself to the ser- and Learned Lord, The Hon. and Learned Gentleman then
vice, not only of his country, but also of mankind in general, i moved the resolution, as follows :—" 'I hat the thanks of the
Dr. Birkbeck had been mentioned to them to-day in eloquent meeting be given to Lord Brougham for his attendance this
terms, as the friend of all mankind, and particularly of the day, and fop the great services whip!' he had rendered towards
of the
working classes. It was to their advantage he had especially the education '
people. s. ...
.devoted all the energies and powers of his brilliant understanding. r. C-VI 1 C. BAINES second the resolution.
Dr. Birkbeck might indeed be said to be an ornament not only The resolutions -then.
E were put and unanimously carried.
to his country, but the world and age in which he lived-. . The S e sifter, informing the meeting that the
Others had celebrated his praises, and the present meeting public woVI breAßY"de. acquainted, by aivertisement, with the
was a proud testimony to his merits, and the proof of the ye- places where sills: made
mtg. t be paid, read a further list
rieration in which his memory was held by his countrymen.— of contributions which
he had received during the day•
(Cheers.) It needed not, therefore, the feeble words of one The
separated.
meeting then
like himself to pronounce a panegyric upon him.—(Cheers. )
All knew his general character well. They had all witnessed
his general philanthrophy and his important lairours.—(Loud
cheering.) There was one proof which Dr. Birkbeck
gave of his labours in an eminent degree, to
which he would advert. It was a subject that
first gave him the opportunity of becoming acquainted
with Dr. Birkbeck, and which bound him to him afterwards,
during the whole of his life, in ties of the greatest friendship.
Dr. Birkbeck was the friend of all mankind of the working
classes, he was the most enthusiastic friend, and he was the
friend to the cause of Poland.-(Cheers)—which with all his
intelligence he never would have been had he considered that
cause the cause of the aristocracy, and not the working classes.
—(Cheers.) The resolution which had been put into his
hand went to the principle and adoption of the Report of the
Committee, that subject he might be excused from arguing
now, as it had been discussed a short time ago. The Noble
Lord concluded by moving the following resolution :
" This meeting approve and adopt the Report of the Com-
mittee appointed on the 3d of August last ; and are of opinion
that the most fitting method of testifying the public gratitude
to Dr. Birkbeck is by founding, in University College, London,
a Professorship of Machinery and Manufactures, including the
epplication of Chemistry and other branches of Natural Phi-
losophy to the Arts, and that a subscription be commenced for
this purpose."
Mr. DILLON seconded the resolution. He agreed with the
remarks made by the Learned and Noble Chairman on the
subject of the plan recommended by the Committee to this
meeting. In the present instance, if they could' not do all
they would, they must do all they could.—( Cheers.) The
monument about to be erected to Dr. Birkbeck ap-
peared to him to be peculiarly appropriate; or, if
they would seek another monument to Dr. Birkbeck,
he would ask them to look around.—( Cheers.) He would ask
them to look at the chairman, and those by whom he was sur-
rounded, and at that great meeting.—(Cheers)—brought to-
gether, as it was, to do justice to a man for endeavouring to
promote the cause of education, and the welfare of the working-
classes of society.—(Cheers.) To such a man, a more appro-
priate monument could not be raised than that proposed by the
Committee. They were not able to do all they might wish for
the benefit of their fellow-countryman, they could not prevent
poverty, and distress, and privation, but they might much mi-
tigate it by diffusing•knowledge.—(Cheers. ) 'the best mode
of promoting the greatest happiness to the greatest number,
was to promote knowledge. When they had established the
professorship in question, he trusted that every professor would
endeavour to exceed Dr. Birkbeck in his usefulness.—(Cheers. )
Mr. Focco, who spoke from the body of ;the Hall, and who
was at times inaudible, said that the noble Lord in the chair,
had not been made aware of the proceeding of a meeting which
had previously been held on this subject, with which he ought
to have been made acquainted. At that public meeting, which
had been held on the 3d of August, at the London Mechanics
Institution, on the subject of founding the Professorship had
been debated, and he was sorry that the Committee had not
called those before them who on that occasion he differed from
them in opinion. On that occasion the propriety of founding
a
Lectureship on moral duties was suggested, and he felt con-
vinced that that would be a
preferable plan. Dr.
Birkbeck, in allusion to a Professorship of machinery, he told
aocf mery,
him that he did not know any one capablein filling such a
Professorship; b in finding a lecturer on moral duties he
thought they would have better success. A working man ex-
hausted by his day's toil would oot go to listen to lectures on
machinery, but the working man would go to listen to a course
4 f lectures on moral duties as a recreation. He hoped the
CoMmittee would allow of some modification of their proposi-

THE;' ROETIATIVIPTON

MURDER.

BOW-STREET.-(THLS DAY.)
FINAL EXAMINATION OF MOLLY GOOD AND
RICHARD GAMBLE,
(Continued from our Afternoon Edition.)
John Good examined—l live at No. 4, Orchard row Creek,
Deptford, and am a blackamith. I know Daniel Good. I
saw him on Saturday at Newgate. I know the female prisoner
at the bar. Good and she came to my house about seven
o'clock in the evening of the 7th of April. He told me that
he was a relation of mine, and had seen me twenty-two years
ago, and though he did not know me, he had heard of me. I
do not recollect that I ever saw him before. He told me in her
presence that he had come from Holland, where he had been
with some horses for some gentlemen, had been shipwreck, d,
and had lost all his things, except the clothes he then wore.
They both remained at my house that night, and went away
together
.the next morning, after breakfast. I saw. Daniel
Good next an Saturday, about twelve o'clock, when he came
alone, and remained there all the afternoon and during the
night. At nine o'clock on Sunday morning he went away.
I heard the murder publicly proclaimed in the street on Satur-
day, the 9th, when he and I and my mistress went to market.
Cross-exantined—Good stopped with me all the night, after
I heard the murder proclaimed in the street. I supped with
him. Wheni he said he knew me, and was a relation, he
did Lot mention any part of Ireland. I knew the woman be-
fore. I never recollect to have seen him and the woman to-
gether before.
Hannah Good—l am the wife of the last witness. I know
the female prisoner; at least I only saw her once, and that
was when she came to my place with Daniel Good on the 7th
of April. 1 saw Good at Newgate on Saturday last. They
called on me on the 7th, remained there all night, and break-
fasted with us next morning. When they went away, I went
with them to the railway station at Deptford; she went by the
train to London, and he returned with me to my own house,
where he stayed till the evening of that day. He did not stay
at home all day ; he went in and out. lie bought some
clothes on that eay about eleven o'clock. He showed them to
me. They eonsist,d of a jacket and trousers of fustian, a
black cloth waistcoat, and a pair of stockings. He changed his
clothes there, and put these on. In the evening he left our
house, and I walked part of the way with him on the road to
London. We had two pints ot freer together on the way. On
Saturday he returned in the fustian dress, and a hod with him.
By Mr. Ilar.L—The female prisoner wrs not present when
Good bought the clothes and changed them.
Cross.examined—At nine o'clock on Sunday morning he
left my house and took his things away with him, and I have
not seen him since till last Saturday.
Cross-examined—l heard that one Daniel Good was wanted
for a murder, but I never imagined that he was the man. Ott
Saturday, in the afternoon, I heard of a murder, and in the
evening I heard men calling it about the streets; Good was
with me at the time, carrying my basket. Good returned with
me, and we supped together. We did not say one word about
the murder on that ii;ght, in conversation. Mary Good left
my house about ten o'clock on Friday morning.
Re-examined— When we were in the sheets, and heard
the proclamation, I said it was curious that his name should be
Daniel Good. Good smiled, and said, " Yes, it was strange,
but there were plenty of that name.

John Neil, am the son of John and Catherine Neil,
and live at Greenbank, Tooley-street. I know Dame] Good,
and I saw him on Saturday at Newgate. He was at. my father's
house on Friday evening, the Bth of April,. and I saw him
there. I went with him somewhere. Ile went into an alley,
and told me to knock at a door and tell Molly Good that he
wanted her. I afterwards saw the female prisoner. 1 knocked
at the door and asked for Mrs. 'Good. Good had before told
me if a stranger came to the door, not to tell her that he was
t here, but- to ask for some oranges. The woman who opened
the door called Mrs. Good, and she came out; the woman at
the bar is the same person. I told her that her husband wanted
her ; she then pinched me on the wrist.
By Mr. HALL—The woman who opened the door was be-
hind us when I told her this.
Cross-examined—She then asked me where he was. I
pointed out. to her where he was. She went to him hit
,bin the back, butt h
not speak to him. He ran away and
she went back to the house. He went to another street
and I followed him. He then told me to go to her
again, and say that I wanted her. I went, but there
was a erewd roitoci the door, and I did not tell her what he
sa she catied at the house again in the evening.
-111:9 Alt% 1.14,74.--It was dark when I went to Molly Good's
he,uset
Voliieta4ar.,beant Thornton examined—l watahed the house
where Molly Good lived ; it was in Flower and Dsan-street.
The prisoner Gamble -lived at No 9,
Gray's Inn-lane. I saw gam* go, into. Molly Good's
lodgings on ''s'ssekdays the 12th of this month, about
e,ieleclt. the day ;: he remained there about
an hely% I.aW, 1041 lieSiTo the house, and saw
Mary' GCed follow sAartly after. She was in com-
PallY,'w,Oth Motl10: female. I followed them ; they sage
after, jeiaiedieGamble in Bishopsgate-street ; they turned down
Li6rplool-street, and I troced them together till the evening t f
that day. I saw the two prisoners rt.‘turn to Mary Good's
lodgings about 7 o'clock iq the evening. I saw Gamble
leave between ; asad tae had a bundle with him then
tied up i 4.„ itandaerehief. He had no bundle with him
Wain he went into the . House. He carried, the
bilndle to Tindal Buildings. On Thursday the Aith /saw him
leave Tindal Buildings, and followed hip Mary Good's. I
saw him leave her house shortly alter /1, however, on the same
night. Previous to thatl.saw the two prisoners leave the
George kkca Gtif in Brick-lane together. On Saturday the
lah I readhed Gamble's lodgings. Inspector Pearce apc9iel-
panied me in the search. He lodged in the second floor front
room. The prisoner was not present a7hr.,n we began the
search. There were four beds "IA the room, and on the floor
funder Op 14.0 pointed auf.hy the landlady as being his,
o the tAr'o gownsv now produced. Gamble aftarewarde
cadre ,he was asked which bed he slept in, end lae.peinted
to the one under which we had found thie geprta. lie was
asked if he bad any propdrty, . and he, said, '.' None,"- Mr.
Pearce has a boa with itetnr slilfta a,nd sligs Whiela he found at'
the lodgings. ,
Mr. I-Ulla—When he said he had an property, what was'
the quastiop which you lint to hint 3 •
Witness. —lt was whether he had any property aboUt the
bed, and he laid " None." Mr. Pearce then produced the
gowns, and he said they had been given him by a friend.
Examination continued—On the next day I searched Maiy
Good's lodgings, and found these pieces of silk (blue arid black),
and this pillow-case wrapped upend laid on the sacking between
two beds. I also found a black hag under the bolster, con-
taining a_ parse and a pair of wits.. There MIS 3s. 10d, in the
purse. I else found three table napkins, a pair of stockings,
a table-nloth, two knives and forksl a pair of candlesticks, a
decanter, and some china.
By Mr, Itaai„--There were no other persons sleeping in
this 'roam beside Mary Good. I cannot tell whether Gamble
has been in the habit of sleeping and cohabiting with Mary Good.
Witness—l should add that there was another person slept
ih the same bed with Gamble,
Gamble-4 think, Sir, there wi Ibe plenty of evidence that I
have not ce,ialsited with this woman,
Mr; Fliiu.—You will have an opportunity of making your
'statament . by-and-bye i if you have any questions to put you
can de, o,
Gamble—No, Sir, I have no questions.
Mrs. Jane Clarke, who was examined at the time whisn
Good was brought up here, and who midge at No, 18,
South-street, Manchester-square, tan her oath, stated that
shed
belie-lied the "-Vile gewas ,s which the last witness
foun at Gticahle,'a lodgings, fb have been the property
of deceased. The deceased used to speak to me
of Good as her husband. This piece of blue silk I identify as
being part of that with which the bonnet in which the deceased
was last seen was covered.
Cross-examiceds—l cannel' tell whether the deceased and
Good were Married. vim not very much in the deceased's con-
fidence.' 'I never saw her with a ring on during the three years
that I knew her. That struck me as being rather singular.
I thought it appeared as if she were a kept woman rather than
a wife, but she always behaved herself very properly.
By W. Hall—l do rot recellect seeing'Molly Good and the
deceased together about the time the blue bonnet was made.
- Nicholas Pearce examined—l am an Inspector of the A
division ; on the evening of 'Saturday, the 16th of April, I
went to Gamble's lodgings, situate 2 Tindal-buildings, Gray's
Inn lane. I knew Gamble before, and had seen the female
prisoner before on two or three aeseasians, I first saw Gamble
on Monday the 11th," coming out of the lodgings, of the
female prisoner about five o'clock in the evening. I followed
him to Aldgate, and on to Green-court, Tooley-street, and
then to 'Tindal-buildings, On the next day I saw the two
prisoners together in Ffishopsgate-street, and near tha Catholic
chapel in Moorfields, and afterwards qn the same day in Flower
and Dean-street, Rear the George Guy public-house walking.
I was at the female prisoner's lodgings about one o'clock in the
I morning of the 14th. I heard a female voice say to Molly,
" Why don't he come forward? there's 150/. reward
for him, he is sure to be taken." The voice went
on to say—" Why don't he put a rope viauvid his
neck, and put a stone to it, and not disgrace his country ?"
The female priserier replied, I' He Us more pluck than that.
I)an is'ihe'dirling'of my heart; she was a stinking whore and
a stinking bitch." On the 16th I went to Gamble's lodgings,
soon after nine o'clock in the evening. I saw Gamble in
Gray's Inn-lane, and asked him his name. He said, " What's
the odds to you?" I told him to come into the square, and I
would speak to him; and that I was an officer. I asked him if
hp knew Daniel tiood, the man charged with murder? He
said he did, but he had not seen him (I think he said) for
eight or nine
_years.
Prisoner—Fourteen, Sir.
Examination continued—l asked him if he knew Good's
wife, and he said he did. I asked where she reaideal, etne he
said, Flower and Dean-street. To the hest a my belief he
tpnti,PPFd the nwher.. I asked if he had seen her lately, he
said, Once, and that was last week. I asked where he lived,
and he said, 2, Tindal's-buildings. I searched him and
found two keys in one pocket, and a sovereign and a half
in his watch-rocket. I asked him if he had received
a parcel or anything from Good's wife lately, groii he iaid
he had not, This was jtist hefore searched him. I
thel left in Marge tir another constable, and went to No.
2, Tindls-builolllgsr wilere I was informed that he did live
there, returned to Gamble, and took him back with me ;
he showed me a box on the ground-floor, which he said was
his. 1 gave him the light, and we went up stairs- to the second
floor front room, where there were three or four Inds. I asked
him which was his, and he pointed oat the one on
the left, nearest tq the wall. I asked if he
occupied all the bed, and he said, "No, there was
some one slept with him, and the man was sent for and came
to the room. I asked him if he had any property about the
bed? He said " No." Police constable 'Thornton then began
to search the bed, and in doing so, he feud thethree gowns
produced rolled up together very tight, I asked Gamble to
whom they helaogfdt and hp saathey were his. I asked him
how he came by them, and he said that they were given to
him. I asked him by whom, and he said " a friend." I said
" What friend ?" and he said " a female." I said " Who
is the female? " and he said, " Does that
ake
any difference? " I then sent him Us the etatOsboese.
I took the box which Isa down stairs to station-house,
and 'with this lies, aliened tt. ie 'rive naale prisoner's present*.
tie first thing took Oqt wag 'this shirt, I asked him if it
was his, and' he said" Ves;" I asked if it was marked. He
fir it said " and then " No:' It is marked in ink, "S.
Perry. A then took out another shirt, marked similarly.
This, he said, was his also. He said it was given to hind by
the same person. I said " You've not teld we vho, the per
son was," and he said "Marx G0,0d,". Gqod was not
present thee. He seid, the,m in theWl:idle." I went
to the howe of the female prisoner at eleven o'clock the same
eight, and asked her if she knew a person of the name of
Rick of Rickard Gamble, and she said she did not ; she hail
never heard of such a person. I then sent her to the gtetien.
house.

•
Cross-examined—l went to Ary Good'o, but made no
search there,
I.7Flrt, 1-enu Spiee examined—l live at No. la, Dtike-street,
Crosvenor-square, and am a chemist and druggist-, I hail an
assistant in April last, named Soltylian perfy. I knew Mrs.
Jane Good, the deceisedt She used to wash for me
and my assistant Perry. I have seen these shirts be-
fore, and I recognise his handwriting upon them.
I am sure they are his. The deceased washed for me.
up to the day of her death. Mr. Parry is now in Cornwall.
Stephen Purdagan, D 16, re-called—l reached the female
prisoner's lodgings on Friday the Bth. I found these bundles
'there; they centain a gown and two small work-bones, I
found them' in the corner of the room,
Daniel Gond, jnn., was re-called; and identified the two
worlc,boxes as liaviN ?Pa in the possession of the deceased.
He had seen them every day up to Monday the 4th of April—
( whilst' examining the contents of one of the boxes, the little
fenow discovered his knife, and immediately taking it up, be
exclaimed, " This is my knife, please, Sir, may; lAye' it?"
Mr. Hall said it had better nit he taken away. '
Mary Ann Grayson miamined—l 3m 416 wife of Thomas
Grayson and ledge in the sanie hoUse with the female prisoner.
My husband is a silk dyer. I saw Good in Islovgate oil Sgtur.
uay last. I saw the same mars at Qood's lodgings, about a
quarter past seven on ThArscity morning, 7th April. On
Monday the I Ith, I saw Gamble there for the first time, about
the middle of the day ; he stayed some time and went to her
rcom. I do not know what became of him afterwards.
He was there again the next day ; he called about
two o'clock and went up into her room. I saw him
shake hands with her ; he stayed some hours, add then went
out together. The last times! saw him there was on Thurs-
day morning, the 14th. He went up to her room then, and
stopped more than an hour. They then went out and re-
turned together, and he did not leave before eleven o'clock.
I live in the adloing room to Mrs. Good's.
Cross.exarefned—l have lived at the place five eears, and I
believe Molly Good lived there mady years before I went there.
.1 never saw Daniel Good there before the the time I have al-
luded to, all the while I lived there. I think I must have seen
him if he came there. I have often heard her speak about her
husband Leing away.
Gamble—You said on your oath that you have lived in this
house for five years. Did you ever see me there before 11th
April?
Witness—.No, I did not.
Gamble—lf I had been in the habit of going thore, would
you have seen me ?
Witness—Most likely if you bad been in the habit of going
there, I should have seen you.
Edward Pritchard examined—l live at 3, Essex-place,
Boston. I am a bedstead maker. I know the two pri-
soners. I have followed them about lately. I saw the
on Thursday, 14th inst. at the George and Guy, public-house,
Brick Lane. Thy drank there together. I wes close to them.
I heard them converse together. Mrs. Good said, as near as
I can recollect, "Poor Dan, he's afraid he will be taken, but
he'll keep out of the way as long as he can." Gamble said,
" hold your tongue, leave it to me, and he'll never be taken."
They came out of the public-house, and I went out after them.
Alice 1 Lackster examined—l am bar-maid at the George
and Guy public-house, Brick-lane Spitalfields. I know the
female prisoner; she came to our house about two o'clock on
Friday, the Bth of this month ; she asked me to take care of
two duplicates, I said I would, and she gave them to me, and
went away instantly. I saw her three or four days afterwards,
and she asked me if I knew what I had taken, and I said yes;
she said "Do not say anything about it." I have given them
to Inspector Pearce.
Mr. Maulo—l must now go back, Sir, to the history of
Sas ah Butcher receiving this property, whiBh 1 could not carry
on before in consequence of the absence of Parry, the con-
stable.
Susan Butcher examined—On Wednesday, 6th April, Daniel
Good called at my father's house, aed gave me. a blue bonnet, a
goWn, a shawl, and handkerchief, a fur tippet, a pair of gloves,
and a pair of boots, now produced. On the foliowing day I
delivered all of them to Sergeant Parry.
Police Sergeant Parry, BR, examined—l received the
articles enumerated by the last witness from her on Thursday,
7th April.