The Sun.
London, England, 1829-06-17 00:00:00

ST. PETERSBURGH, MARCEL 1829.

happily
paNpn
iow yl
yt Now,
or fnrol
irs
iotnh future,
f,e
accommodation
tieiw
de as aor f, t iht
whateveragp
rp ateears,r
pi; is in -
evitable. The Sultan is too obstinate to listen
e
his subjects correspond with his own. Nor is doh',
likely that Russia would make peace
disastrouspeac e on
adni
e.
onou rabletetrrompsh,ieosr
ogfuitehtely relinquish the few-
hard-earnedpaign. (
Both
eapirlaeer:vieaell,sroaourfeedtth,heeariceiodfonrtaeensoat.tcitiiesrllyl
strongrea rde
3paoron,
100foirnaen
draft on the population of Russia is in progress
to meet the contingencies of the ensuing cam-
paign. The Turks are no less active on their
part, and are concentrating their forces on the
most eligible points. As both parties will enter
the field with considerable accession of strength,
the struggle, it is expected, will be murderous in
the extreme.
On the part of Russia the ensuing campaign
will assume some new features. Last year no
more Cossacks were employed than were abso-
lutely indispensable as the light cavalry of the
army, and those were generally regular and well-
disciplined troops. This year 24 pulks, or regi-
ments, of these rude and ragged warriors are to
be let loose upon the population of Turkey ; and
it is expected that, like the bloodhounds of
Pizarro, they are to worry the natives into sub-
mission. But this is bad policy, for,.as they
will find but little or no plunder, it is natural to
suppose they will wreek their vengeance on the
poor and inoffensive peasantry, who principally
profess the Greek religion, and whom co-opera-
tion and conciliatory measures might effectually
secure. Another alteration is likewise to take
place ; the horses of the regular cavalry employed
last campaign were all "stud bred," and, upon
trial, were found too delicate to encounter the
difficulties and privations inseparable from active
service in Turkey. Another system has been
adopted this year, and agents have been sent
into the Ukrain to purchase Cossack horses, as
more inured to fatigue. Hardy as these little
horses certainly are, it remains to be proved with
what effect they can be employed against the
Arab charges of the Turkish cavalry.
As for the Turks, they have borne, with their

usual fortitude, the privations occasioned by an
- -

unusually severe winter, and are waiting witli in-
tense anxiety for the commencement of the cam-
paign ; all is unanimity and good order in their
camps, and the same spirit reigns from the Das
nube to the Euphrates, so wonderfully has the
policy of the Sultan succeeded. Andreossi,

who published a work on the aqueducts of
Turkey, about 20 years since, kavmg occasion
to allude to this extraordinary man, then very
young, makes use of these remarkable worcts
" I see in the character of Mahmoud (young as

he is) a pledge of future greatness; to judge
from present appearances, he is destined to he
the Peter the Great of Turkey, and the renova-
tor of his country•" This singular prediction

has so far been fulfilled. Mahmoud, notwith-
standing his bloody executions, has succeeded
in gaining the hearts of his subjects, and of in-
spiring them with a sense -of his supriwisy.-
Formerly a Turkish camp was a perretnal scene.
of discord and bloodshed, occasioned not> only-
by the want of discipline, but by the jarring ele-,
ments of which the army was composed ; the
fiercest contentions would then break out between

the Janissaries and less privileged troops—now
all is unison and harmony ; and, if I may use
the expression, so great an esprit de corps exists
in the heterogeneous mass of which a Turkish
army is composed, that the Sultan may be said,
in the language of our Henry the Fifth, to com-
mand " a band of brothers"—for Asiatics and
Europeans, Arabs, Egyptians, and Albanians,
cheerfully unite in the great work in which they
are engaged, and willingly follow their ener-
getic leader to death or victory.
Nor are the Turks deficient in invention, for
they have introduced a new implement of de,
struction, which they employed, with consider.
able effect, against the Russians. A small mor-

tar is fixed to a short and strong staff, and car-
ried like a musket, over the shoulder ; the charge
consists of five or six grape-shot, or a propor-
tionate number of musket-balls, enclosed in a tin
case. This " portable moi tar brigade," support-
ed by cavalry, takes up a position beyond the
range of musketry. The pointed end of 11-,
staff is then fixed in the ground at an angle duly
calculated, and three discharges can be made in
a minute. As the Turks fire with extraordinary
precision, the canister explodes in the square,
and makes sad havoc in the racks of the Rtis,
sians. An Englishman connected with act ex-
tensive foundery near St. Petersburgh skovved
me a drawing of this formidable weapon the
original is kept as a curiosity in the armoury of
the Grand Duke Michael.

The greatest attention has been paid to the
fortresses on the Danube, which have been put
into the est state of defence by experienced
European engineers. All are well provisioned,
and all well garrisoned. If the siege of these
places is protracted till summer, the malaria aris-
ing from the marshes of the Danube will occa-
sion dreadful ravages in the army of the be-
siegers, for it is well known that the southern
parts of Wallachia during the summer heats is
of all places in Europe, one of the most fatal, to
foreigners. If the 1 urks hold out till autumn
they are safe. The events of last campaign are
a proof of the impossibility of prosecuting a
siege at that season. So nitlch fOr the Danube.
As for Shumla, any attempts to force a passage
there will be quite fruitless ; but I will give you
the words of the Russian Staff-Officer to whose
pamphlet I have had occasion to allude :

"When the army reached Shumla, we fon:,,d,
in the first place, • a line of fortifications P:xtend
ing six miles ; then a considerable tow-„, built in
mthoeufoltramin
,o f
thean top o
amph
which w. itheatre, the side of a
;bristled (herisse )
with artillery. Had we s.,jeceeded in forcing the
intrenchments, or even in effecting a breach in
the walls of the tawn, still no advantage whatever
could be obtained. Each street of a place built
in this peculiar way would be disputed at the
point of the bayonet, and that, too, by men
whose desperate courage must be seen to be ap,
preciated ; whilst a vast chain of fortifications,
only 300 toises above the heads of the besiegers,
would speedily overwhelm any force we could
pour intq the breach, and if, as a primary opera-
tiop, we attempted to storm the heights, the
consequences might easily be anticipated."
This is the opinion of a Russian officer of
rank and talent. I probably have seen more of
Shumla than he has, and can not only vouch for
the correctness of his statement, but can assure
him, that even if Shumla were taken, the diffi-
culties would not end there. The chain of (tit,
Balkan mountains extends at least 50 miios
depth beyond Shumla, and is a continuvci
suc-
cession of rocky defile, covered with Wood ; the
road (if such it can be called) is entirely im-
practicable for artillery or heavy baggage %vaggoits,
and in many places Oic cavalry would be obliged

to march in single files. Then there are torrents
and other impediments, and a district like this is,
of course, entirely destitute of supplies ; and when
it is considered that these formidable passes will
be defended by the best riflemen, and the most
desperate fighters in Europe, it will be conceded
that am) attempt to force the Balkan would be
Quixotic in the extreme ; it is therefore most
probable that no serious attempt will be made-1
before Shumla, and that future operations will
be confined to skirmishes between the garrison
and the army of observation.
But the Government has other schemes in
view, and I understand that a very considerable
naval force is destined to act in conjunction with
the army—at all events a large fleet is now fitting
out, and will be ready to sail in June. It is
rumoured that a junction will be attempted
between the Black Sea and Mediterranean fleets,
for the purpose of bombarding Constantinople.
Now, as a naval man, I may be allowed to give
my opinion, and, as far as my judgment ex-
tends, I should conceive that a more hazardous
enterprise could not be undertaken. How is it
possible, for instance, that any correspondence
could be carried on between the two fleets ?
Besides, the wind that would be favourable to one
would be against the other. It would be easy
enough for the Black Sea fleet to slip through
the Bosphorus, and ramble at leisure in the sea
of IVlarinora ; but the question is, how the Me-
diterranean fleet is to pass the Dardanelles
against a strong current, and exposed to the fire
of batteries infinitely more formidable now than
in the days of Admiral Sir J. T. Duckworth.
Even if a junction were effected before the
Turkish capital, the chances of success would be
very equivocal, for there would be still a very
formidable fleet to oppose them, besides a tre-
mendous line of batteries, directed by the united
talent of Europe (for in. a crisis of this nature,
all Europe would secretly make common cause
with the Turks), and, if severely mauled, what
would be the consequence ? for retreat is impos-

IMPERIAL PARLIAAIENT.

HOUSE OF LORDS.-(LAST NIGHT.)

-
Thorndike's Divorce 13111 was reported, read a
third time, and passed, after w hick their Lordships
adjourned, at Half-past Four o'clock.

FIZOM THE GAZETTE OF LAST NIGHT.

Crown-office, June 16, 1829.
MEMEER RETURNED TO SERVE IN THIS PRESENT PARLIA-

MENT.
Borough of Tralee.
Robert Vernon Smith, Saville-row, in the county of
Middlesex, Esq., in the room of Sir Edward Denny, Bart.
who has accepted the Chiltern Hundreds.

War -office, June 15.
MEMORANDUM.

The half-pay of the under-mentioned Officers has been
cancelled from the 25th December, 1828, inclusive, on
their receiving a commuted allowance for their commis-

sions :
Ensign William Cooper, half-pay unattached.
Ensign John Gregory, half-pay unattached.
The half-pay of the under-mentioned Officer has been
cancelled from the 25th March, 1829, inclusive, on his re-
ceiving a commuted allowance for his commission
sign William Bramley, half-pay unattached.
The half-pay of the under-mentioned Officers has been
cancelled from the 16th June, 1829, inclusive, on their
receiving a commuted allowance for their commissions:
Lieutenant William Fitzmaurice, half-pay 24th Light
Dragoons.
Lieutenant James Pritchet, half-pay 2d Provisional
Battalion of Militia.
Ensign Henry Baynes Ward, half-pay 59th Foot.
cornet Isidore D'Arcy, half-pay 13th Light Dragoons.
Ensign William Arthur Browne, half-pay 52d Foot.
Ensign Richard Lovell Brown, half-pay 60th Foot.
Ensign Richard Hovenden, half-pay sth Foot.
Lieutenant John Butler, half-pay 22d Foot.
Lieutenant Peter Bunss orth, half-pay 44th Foot.

Lieutenant George James Christie; Half-pay unattached.

Commissions signed by the Lord Lieutenant of the County
of Hertford.

William Bagot, Esq. to he Deputy Lieutenant. May 11.
Levi Ames, Esq. to be ditto. May 11.
William Heygate, Esq. to he ditto. May 11.
William Wiliamson, Esq. to be ditto. Alay 11.
William Butt, sen., Esq., to lie ditto. May 11.
Rowland Alston, E•q., to be ditto. May 11.
The Hen. Thomas Knox to be ditto. May 11.
William Butt, jun., Esq., to be ditto. May 11.

Commissions in the King's Cheshire Regiment of Yeo-
manry Cavalry, signed by the Lord Lieutenant of the
County. Palatine of Chester.
Rowland Eyles Egerton Warburton, Esq. to be Ciptain,
vice Marshall, promoted. May 16.
Edward John Stanley, Esq. to be ditto, vice, Leigh,
deceased. May 16.
Cornet Thomas Reade to be Lieutenant, vice Johnson,
resigned. May 16.
Cornet William Palin to be ditto, vice Calveley, re-
signed. May 16.
Assistant Surgeon - Cockson to be Surgeon,
vice Holland, resigned. May 16.
Richard Broadbent, Gent. to be Assistant-Snrgeon,
vice Cockson, promoted. June 1.

DECLARATIONS OF INSOLVENCY.

William Plenty, West Smithfield, iron-founder.
John Loveland, Guildford, tailor.
BANKRUPTCY ENLARGED.

Barthulomew Davis, Leominster, Hereford, flax-dresser,
!*rora June 16 to Aug. 4, at eleven, at the King's Arms
[nn, Leominster.

Graeeehureh-street, drug-dealers, July 10, at ten, at the
Court of Commissioners.

Joseph Birch, Birmingham, gilt toy-maker, July 8, at
one, at the Royal Hotel, Birmingham.
George Warne, Clifton, Gloucestershire, hotel-keeper,
July 14, at one, at the Commercial Rooms, Bristol.
John Christie, Robert Christie, and John Stewart,
Manchester, merchants, July 14, at twelve, at the Court
of Commissioners.
Thomas Dodgson and Thomas Hartley, Cheapside,
warehousemen, June 23, at nine, at the Court of Commis'
signers.

CERTIFICATES—JULY 7.
Robert Norman Larke, Brooke, Norfolk, surgeon.
William Goodhugh, Oxford-street, bookseller.
John Wollaston, Great Castle-street, Oxford-market,
wine-merchant.
Henry King and Matthias Dupont King, Falcon-street,
wine-merchants.
Thomas John Gibbs, Eastbourne, wine-merchant.
John Reynolds, Bread-street-hill, drysalter.