The Sun.
London, England, 1842-11-01 00:00:00

DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.

Ia consequence of the numerous applications for Mr. T. P.
Cooke to appear in a succession of his favourite Characters,
and the nightly overflows to witness his inimitable acting,
he will change every evening, being the last/times of their
performance.
THIS EVENING, NOV. 1,
\I ill be acted a New Drama, entitled ESTELLE DUMAS,
supported by the best Company in London:_

After which, the Naniiraf Drama of POOR JACK; or,
1.11 E WIFE OF A SAILOR. Poor Jack, Mr. T. P. Cooke,
whose performance attracts nightly overflows. Eleanor Mrs.
11. Vining.
'l'o conclude with Mr. Albert Smith's new Drama, called
BLANCHE HERIOT, which has met with most decided
success. Neville Andely, Mr. H. Hughes ; Hugh Laneret,
Mr. N. T. El icks•' Herrick ETenden, Mr. J. Webster; Blanche
Ileriot, Mrs. R. Honner.

Place 3 and private Boxes to be had of Mr. J. Kerschner, at
Ow Box office, from eleven to four.

17101 l WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY.
ri ruin. 7 minutes after 0 I Evening 31 minutes after 0.

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LONDON :
TUESDAY MOTINING. NOVEMBER 1, 1842.

To the over-taxed people of England the re-
cent arrival from the United State,s brings one
item ofintelligence which is calculated to grieve
and alarm them. Those who, being over-taxed,
look upon our colonies as burdens, and grumble
already at the expense incurred on their ac-
count, may perhaps be indignant, as well as
ilarnied, at the intelligence. The statement will
be found amongst our extracts from the Ameri-
can papers, and it seems only necessary to direct
attention to the subject to make the public at
once aware of its bearings.
The readers of The Sun will remember, for we
had occasion recently to advert to the matter,
that the Colonial Customs Act imposed, for the
fivst thne, last session, a duty of 525. the barrel on
Ainerican flour imported into Canada. We
learn, however, from the Kingston Chronicle,
tl►at the English Government—that is, Sir R.
Lord STANLEY, and Co.—offered to the
Cauudian Government to repeal the Imperial
duties on Canadian corn, if the Provincial Par-
lia.nent of Canada would impose a duty on
wheat imported into Canada from the United

Stales, by which, in fact, the Imperial duty
win be snperseded by the Colonial duty. The
Canadian Provincial Administration agreed to
the offer, and proposes to levy a duty ou Ameri-
can wheat imported into Canada of 3s. per
cpurter. Our Government executed its part
the plan by allowing Canadian wheat
to be imported at a duty of ls, when
the price is 585., and ss. when the price is
th-)ligh we have forgotten if it intim-rued the Im-
p,:: ial Legislature of what it had proposed to the
Canadian Government.

Upon the wheat imported from America con-
s:nned in Canada, this duty, as the Kingston
e1.,;-onicle observes, will be levied on the Cana-
; but upon all the American wheat which is
inqlorted into England through Canada, the
Etu!:lish consumers will pay that 3s. duty. To
what extent the importation may take place we
pretend not to say. The Kingston Chronicle sup-
r,o7.es that the revenue to be obtained from it may
be upwards of 200,000/., but whatever may be
,its amount, the whole sum paid on American
corn imported through Canada into England,
will be levied on the people of England for the
advantage of the colony, by the Executive Go-
yerunient having made, we believe without the
knowledge of the House of Commons, an under-
-liand bargain with the colony. The Executive
C*)vernment has authorised the Provincial Par-
liament of Canada to tax the people of England.
To the tax of 2s. a barrel on American fiGur
imported into Canada, the House of Commons
nr,,7ented, Ilk tile belief, no doubt, that its produce,
like the produce of other taxes levied by the Im-
perial Legislature for the regulation of the gene-
ral trade of the empire, would be collected into
the Imperial treasury. But it appears that Lord
STANLEY has effectively bartered away the tax
for the colonial tax we have mentioned. "This
is the first time," says the Kingston Chronicle,
c. that the Imperial Government has given up to.
a colony the duties it thinks proper to impose in
1::::land on colonial imports for the regulation of
own trade." To impose such duties is held by
some persons to be unconstitutional ; but for the
Executive Government to give them up, and for
a provincial adminiitration to levy a tax at its
suggestion, which is to be paid by the people of
E%gland, without the consent of Parliament, is
ai gross a violation of the principles of the Con-
stitution, as has for many years fallen under our

notice.

All this is done for behoof of the landed inte-
rest at home, which seems to be so important in
the minds of statesmen that it warrants any
and every departure both from the principles of
justice and the constitutional practices. `` One
obiect of these regulations," says an American
ap " appears to be to compel American wheat,
intended for the English market, to go through.,
Canada, be ground in Canadian mills, and
shipped in English vessels:' " Unless," it adds,
" our Government should adopt some counter-
vailing measure, this object -will be accom-

plished." The measure, therefore, as we have
already said in regard to the new tax levied by
the Colonial Customs' Act, is regarded as an
attack on American commerce, which invites,
if it cannot justify, those restrictions which the
United States, following Sir ROBERT PEEL'S
example, and acting on his principles, are
heaping on our trade.

General satisfaction will be experienced at
the result yesterday of Lord FRANKFORT'S pro-
secution of AucE LOWE. He was defeafed, and
she was acquitted. We have abstained through-
out firom making any remarks on this case, be-
cause we were led to suppose the Noble Lord to.
be completely insane. To cherish that supposi-
tion still seems charitable to him, and the least
discreditable case to the body of which he is a
member. Were we obliged to treat him as a
responsible agent, we must speak of his conduct
in terms which we should be loath to apply to
any individual.

Disapproving of an irreverent alliteration made
use of by an Essex landlord, a supporter of the
Church, we may state without offence that PEEL,
by the blessing of Providence, is effecting
changes by the measures of last session, of which
at the time he had no conception. The agricul-
tural autumn meetings bear testimony
.to the
fact. For the last twenty-seven years the cry
among landlords and tenants was "protection to
the landed interest." Now the cry is "no more
sleep, no more slumber, no more folding of the
hands to sleep." The burden. of the song at
these agricultural festivals denotes a new era in
England. Not a whisper transpires about the
heavy burdens on land or tithes, or poor-rats,
or even highways, which are more burdensome
than ever ; but landowners, farmers, and even
the very clodhoppers sing "up and be stirring,
for the enemy is upon us." We do not attribute
this revolution to PEEL, but to the
mother of invention. The landed interest,
by a concurrence of circumstances, has now
no reed to lean upon. Deserted by both
Whig and Tory, it is left, like the
orphan, to trust 'to itself; but in the true
English character it is determined not to he
beaten by foreigners, nor needlessly repine over
disappointed hopes, nor give up in despair a con-
test which every other class manfully resolves to
meet. The very protection so long clung to a's
their salvation, they now admit has made them
only indolent, checked the spirit of improvement,
and encouraged them in the belief that the wis-
dom of their ancestors was absolute wisdom.
This certainly is a great step in advance within
a few months, and must be regarded as one or
the new remarkable features of this progressing
age. No one, not even the Duke of BUCKING-
HAM, who was afraid to meet his Aylesbury
friends last week, even dreams of the re-
peal of the present Corn-law, but -submits
to his fate in solemn silence. The Duke of
RICHMOND, who has heard at Gordon Castle
language very different from that which he was
accustomed to hear at Goodwood, has not cer-
tainly imitated the example of his brother of
• BUCKING H AM, but has feasted his tenants, and
made speeches, and talked much about agricul-
tural improvements, and tile-draining, and bone
manure, and turning waste land into arable, but
not a word about turning out PEEL. This is
only what was to be expected from a nobleman
who is allowed by all to be a pattern to his
order, for his manly independence, his strict in-
tegrity, his domestic virtues, his habits of limi-
ness, and his fearlessness of danger. He sees
that he was in error in supposing that PEEL must
obey the men that made him, in despite of dire
necessity; and, like a wise and just legislator, is
resolved, without repining, to make the best of a
hopeless case. We trust when he returns
to a quarter ,where they are much needed—
the south of England—he will bring with
him some of the doctrines, and customs,
and agricultural systems which prevail in his
northern domains, and instil them into those
jog-trot farmers who use four horses to do the
work of two, who swear by their great grand-
fathers, and hate the very name of Reform, who
rebel against iron ploug,lis and turnip drill, and
tile-draining, and clean trim-looking thorn
fences, sacrificing their own interest and that of
their landlords to the love of ease, the bigotry of
custom, and the dread of change. While every
interest throughout the kingdoin is moving at a
railroad speed, while our manufacturers are in-
defatigable in their inventions, and the very
operatives themselves are making rapid advances
in everything that relates to their trades, the
great source of our wealth; as the Church-and-
State men say, is comparatively an uncultivated
field. Let the landlords then bestir themselves,
and seize the present opportunity for advancing
with the spirit of the age. The first great
• movement should commence by throwing off all
political
.ties between themselves and their
tenants, and looking not to party but to their own
interests. They have learned from experience
that Toryism is as ineffectual as Wliiggism in
keeping up monopolies; that the duty of Bs. by
the sliding-scale has been as injurious as the.
fixed duty of Bs. proposed by Lord JOHN RUS-
SELL ; and that it it ever should benefit their in-
terests, the advantages will be more than coun-
terbalanced by the tariff, which affects corn as
well as cattle. It is vain to pray for protection,
and they must at last take the poet's advice and
pray only for those things which they can obtain
by their dwn exertions. Tie first great step
for meeting the changes produced by the meas•
sures of last session, is to grant long leases. Men
holding land from year to year at the will of .a
capricious master, have no seeurity forthe money
expended, and no encouragement to venture on
improvements, of which they may never receive
the benefit. 'There is abundance of wealth in
the country; money never was so plentiful, and
if only one-half had been laid out in breaking up
waste land, and -adopting new systems of agri-
culture which has been thrown away in loans
to foreign States, England could have produced,
at a moderate price, ample means of subsistence
for all its inhabitants. If' two quarters of wheat •
can be raised at the cost of one—and the system
adopted in the north verifies the fact—the land-
lords of England may set all the competition of
foreigners at defiance.

We have received, by the Columbia steamer,
which reached Liverpool on Saturday night, New
York Papers, 11 days later than those brought
by the last packet. She left Boston on the 16th,
and Halifax on the 18th, and made the imssage
home in about twelve days. The Belgian
steamer, the British Queen, sailed fro►n New
York on the 7th. The news from Canada, which
we have given at length, is important. Sir C.
BAGOT has closed the session of the Provincial
Parliament, and in a very brief speech thanked
the gentlemen of the Legislative Assembly for
the liberality with which they had voted the
supplies requisite for the public service. The
Speaker then declared it prorogued to the 18th
of November.

Mr. LAFONTAINE, the Attorney-General for
Lower Canada had been returned for the fourth
ing of York by a great majority ; but Mr. BALDWIN
had been defeated by Mr. MURNEY, a Tory can-
didate. Great rioting took place at the elections

The news from the United States is not of
much interest. Trade continued extremely dull.
It appears the Phoenix Bank of Charleston had
failed, the whole capital of which had been
loaned to two firms without adequate security,
the papers being so arranged at the time of exa-
mination by the Bank Commissioners as to elude
the most careful scrutiny. A. dividend of profits
of three-per cent. bad been declared payable on
the very day that the bank stopped payment.
WILLIAM WYMAN, ex-president, and THOMAS
BaowNE, jun., ex-cashier of the bank, and. W.
H. SKINNER, of the firm of STANLEY, REED,
and Co., had been arrested, and held to bail in
the sum of sico,imo each, for .their appearance
for examination before Mr. Justice BUTTRICK,
at Charleston. The complaints charged that
WYMAN and Baowxx had embezzled the sum
of $300,000 from the Phoenix Bank, and also
that Mr. SKINNER conspired with them to per-
petrate the fraud, which is made larceny by the.
revised statutes.

Exchange at New 'York *on Enghnd Was 71