The Sun.
London, England, 1829-11-06 00:00:00

LONDON ADJOURNED SESSIONS.

The Adjourned Sessions for the city of London were
held this morning, in the Common Pleas Court, Guildhall,
(the regul it Court having been fitted up for the approach-
ing festivities on Lord Mayor's Day.) There was an un-
uslally full attendance of Aldermen. Mr Serj. ARABIN
prrsidetl, the Recorder not being sufficiently recovered from
his late indisposition.

Several cases of assault of not the least 'interest were
disposed of.
Janc Shaw and Rosa Lee were indicted for keeping a
disorde!ly liouge, No. 6, Sherborne-lane.

The Jury fount Shaw guilty—three months' imprison.
went; and acquitted Lee.

DON rIGUEL.—The acluTowledgment of Don
Mn;h 1 EL. ;1, King of Poi togal, by the POPE, is considered
in th, as a prelude to the recognition of this Poten-
tate by the European-Powers in general. In fact there
appears to he no doubt that ..‘lrGuEr. will be so acknow-
ledged. If this should turn out to he the case, it will cer-
tam:y he a &reel and naked recognition of revolutionary
rr;t4ciples; for the right of this King to the Throne of
Portugal rests only upon the supposed sovereignty of the
people He has no other claim to the throne than that of
being the choice of the nation. It would be a strange
thing if the Powers should make an exception to the rule
which they have laid down in favour of such a Prince as
Pon MicuvL, particularly as they have one and all ac-
linowhalged the rights of Donna Manta. We live, how-
ever, in strange times. So many anomalies in politics
are daily taking place, that acts in ticcordance with esta.
blished pi inciples, would be more surprising than those
of an opposite description.—Herald City Article.

Mr. GALLY KNIGHT, whose letter to the
Ecrl of ABERDEEN has excited so much public notice, is
the author of a volume of elegant Poems, and a Letter
on the Catholic Question, which was read with great at-
tention during the discussion on the subject in both Houses
of Pdrliameut. He resides at Retford, and will probably
represent that borough in the next Parliament.

Marshal - once being invited to dine with
TALLEYRAND, was much after the hour appointed.—
"We have waited for you, Sir," said TA LLEYKAND, on
his arrival. The 311irshal said he could not help it ; that
he had been det,ined by a Pekin just as he was going out,
What do you call a Pekin ?" asked the Statesman.
2,70 us appellons Pekin," replied the Marshal, "tout ce
qui n'eat pas militaire." " C'est COMME nous," said TAL-
LEYRAYD, coolly; nous ajoellons militaire, tout ce qui
,nest pas

LONDON,
FRIDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER:6, 1829.

The French Papers of Wednesday have been
received, but they do not contain any political
news with which we were not previously ac-
quainted. The raising of the blockade of the
Dardanelles was known some time ago
(From the Quotidienne of Wednesday.)

PARIS, NOV. 3.

The Dutch frigate Java, coming from Tenedos,
&c., last from Malta, arrived at Toulon on the 27th
Oc.:*)ber. His Excellency the Ambassador of the
Netherlands to the Ottoman Porte is oa board that
vessel.

Tie Viscount de Pontcarre, First Secretary of
the Legation in Switzerland, has been appointed
Charge d'Affaires of France, after the departure of
Count Reyneval; the Federal Directory has given
notice of it to the Government of the Cantons.
To-day his Highness the Prince of Saxe Coburg,
and the Prince and Princess cf Mecklenburgh, break-
fn•ted with the King, and the Duke aisd Duchess
of Angouleme.

(From the Moniteur of Wednesday.)
PARIS, NOT. 3.

A telegraphic despatch was published at Mar-
seilles on the 24th of October, announcing that the
block,de of the Dardanelles had been raised by the
Russians on the 3d of October.

(From the Gazette de France of Wednesday.)

rARIS, NOV. 3.

We must place among the lies of the day all the
reports of the dissolution of the Ministry. This
dissolution is doubtless among the credulations of
the faction, which would regard such a measure as a
concession. We have already said it is not before
the violence of the Journals that Royalist Ministers
can be expected to retire.
(From the Messager des Chambres of Wednesday.)

PARIS, NOV. 3.

The responsible Editor of the Journal du Com-
merce has been summoned to appear on Friday, the
6th, before the Tribunal of Correctional Police, at
the instance of the Prince of Castelcicula, Ambas-
sador of Naples. This action is brought officially,
as the Ambassador is absent from Paris, having
gone to meet his Sovereign and the future Queen
of Spain. To-day, at noon, all the Theatres were
opened to the public gratis. A piece composed for
the occasion was performed.
(The course of Exchange not received.)

Lisbon Gazettes from the 19th to 24th Oct.,
both inclusive, have been received, but they con-
tain no particular news. No mention is made
of the Pores Nuncio having delivered his cre-
dentials to Don MIGUEL. Amongst the ship

news is the arrival of the Don John VI., on the
21st, having returned from the defeat at Terceira

n a crippled state.

St. Petersburgh Papers of the 21st October
have been received this morning. They arc
filled with numerous favours granted by the
EMPEROR, and promotions in the Army and
Navy, but they have not yet given the Treaty
of Peace, or stated if the exchange of the IlAti-
fication has yet been sanctioned by his ImPE-
RIM. MAJESTY. This delay seems the more
singular, as his MAJESTY has already published
tc,s o or three Manifestoes in praise of the glorious
terms of the Treaty of Peace, which the ussian
arms have so wonderfully achieved. Perhaps
the Treaty has not yet obtained the sanction
of England and France, although lauded with
the approbation of the servile Court of Austria,
The following are extracts :

ST. PETERSBURGII, OCT. 19.

Yesterday (Sunday) his Highness Prince Chosrew
Mirza, Ambassador from Persia, had an audience of
the Emperor and Empress, in which he took leave,
being on the point of retiring to Persia. The per-
sons belonging to his suite had afterwards the honour
of taking leave of the Emperor.
Her Imperial Highness the Grand Duchess Helen
and the Grand Duchess Maria, her daughter, ar-
rived in the capital on Saturday evening. The
Emperor has been pleased to approve a decision of
the Committee of Ministers given on the proposal
of the Minister of Finance, by virtue of which the
right of trading with foreign countries, granted to
the merchants of the third class of the Government
of Orenburg, is given also to those of Western Si-
beria, in order to encourage and extend the com-
merce of that countr).

The following are extracts from Dutch
Papers of the 4th inst. :

LANGENBURG, OCT. 25.

Her Serene Highness Princess Anna Fecdorowna
Augusta Charlotte Wilhclmina of Hohenlohe Lan-
genburg (a Princess of Leiningen, and daughter of
the Duchess of Kent) was this morning safely de-
livered of a Prince, who has been baptised by the
name of Charles Lewis William Leopold.
FRANKFORT, OCT. 26.

The new Austrian loan at Four per Cent. has al.
ready found many purchasers among Cur specula,

The Hamburg Reporter of Friday last has
been received, but it contains no political news.
If any additional proof were wanting of the stub-
born policy of Austria against every thing of a
liseral character, it may be found in the following
manifestation of Imperial wisdom. Verily Prince
METTERNICH and FRANCIS the Second are
worthy of each other :

VIENNA, OCT. 21.

As notwithstanding the Imperial prohibition
against studying in foreign countries, it is feared
that young persons are sent by their parents and
guardians to pursue their studies at foreign Schools
and Universities, the Emperor has ordered that
testimonials obtained by studying in foreign institu-
tions, be of no avail to natives of his dominions, and
that a native of the Austrian empire, who produces
such testimonials, and intends to fitudy, must begin
his whole course again, and continue it without any
abridgement of the usual time.

HAMBURG, OCT. 30.

According to a new Ordinance lately published at
St. Petersburgh, all bills of exchange on foreign
places must be henceforth written on stamped
paper; the firsts on paper, with a stamp propor•
tioned to the amount of the bill ; the seconds,

thirds, and fourths, on paper with a 50 copee stamp.
The stamp duty on foreign bills is, however, reduced
one half; so that the stamps hititerto in use may be
employed for bills twice the amount that they could
before. Bills drawn from foreign countries on Rus-
sia, must be written on stamped paper, for the pur-
pose of the acceptance. The lowest stamp for bills
up to the amount of 2,000 rubles, is three rubles.

The following communication from our in-

defatigable Correspondent in Paris will be read
with interest—particularly that portion which
relates to the commercial activity of France. We
cordially agree in the sentiment of our Corres-
pondent, that a spirit of open and honourable
emulation between England and France is highly
praiseworthy. It is, in fact, to the spirit of
generous rivalry that the improvement of the
world is chiefly indebted. Without that aspiring
principle there would be no rational liberty in
civilised communities, nor nobility of soul to
stimulate to virtuous achievement. Emulation

is the irrepressible motive to enterprise,
whether individual or national, and if honestly
directed rarely fails to attain its purpose. Be-
tween France and England there has existed for
ages a spirit of rivalry, but more in arms than
commerce. Their emulation was unhappily

erverted from a false notion of ambition to

destroy rather than to benefit, and though
phantoms of glory may occasionally dart
across their recollections, yet they leave little
but the false glare of their angry career behind
them. Not so the hallowed path of peace, with
her smiling train of universal improvement.
" Peace has her victories as well as war,"

with this marked difference, that to peace belongs

" Those arts that humanise mankind,"
while those of war frequently serve only to bru-
talise the mind, and conduce more to the triumph
of ambitious designs than to any useful purpose.
So long as France and England cultivate the
arts of peace, and seek only to rival each other
in the noble ambition of improving the condition
of their respective countries—they will find their
reward in the correspondent improvement of their
commerce, their manufactures, their agriculture,
and the happiness of a grateful people. In this
spirit of rivalry we would fain hope they will
proceed, and experience will attest the beneficent
results :

" PARIS, NOV. 4.

" The Courier Francais of this morning con-
tains a voluminous treaty between France and
Prussia, received, it is said, through a private
channel from Aix-la-Chapelle. It is entitled,
A definitive convention to regulate the limits
of the respective States, conformably to the stipu-
lations of the Treaties of Paris of 30th May,
1814, and 20th November, 1815, and in pur-
suance of the declaration signed at Paris on the
11th of June, 1827.' From the cursory pe-
rusal I have been able to bestow upon it, I do
not find that it contains any stipulation of gene•
ral interest. Indeed, I have heard that it takes
its origin from the disturbances which occasionally
took place on the frontiers between the French
and Prussian soldiers, in consequence of each
• party claiming a right to particular villages, which
had not been sufficiently defined in former
treaties. Notes were in consequence inter-
changed, Commissioners were named on either
side, and after numerous delays, the present
convention is the result. From the present
temper of the conductors of the public press, I
have no doubt that in such a variety of minute
details, a wide field of discussion will be opened,
and that even the principle on which the treaty
is founded may be called in question in the
Legislative Chambers, the convocation of which,
I observe, is fixed for the 10th of February.

" It is reported that Don Emanuel de Godoy,
the famous Prince of Peace, so well known at
the Court of Charles VI. of Spain, has at
length obtained permission to come to Paris,
through the intercession of the young consort of
King Ferdinand. The friends of Mina, and
the other patriotic Spaniards who have been so
long under proscription, consider this act of
clemency as a favourable omen, but I should

fear that the gallant Mina and his associates may
be suffered to languish under the ban of King
Ferdinand, while such men as the Prince of
Peace may find the means of relieving them-
selves by cabal and intrigue.

" Orders, it appears, have been given that no
communication should be allowed to take place
between the troops in garrison at St. Malo, and
the Portuguese refugees, on their route to the
coast ; and that with this view the refugees are
not to enter the town, but are to be provided
with lodgings in the environs. Whether these
orders are intended to suggest an excuse for
their expulsion, or whether the Government is
really apprehensive that the French soldiery
might be contaminated by the promulgation of
constitutional opinions, I leave you to judge.
" It is somewhat remarkable that M. Mangin,
the Prefet of Police, who has just been called
to the King's Council, still retains a right to
his place in the Court of Cassation, the vacancy
caused by his appointment to the Police having
never been supplied. This fact seems to indi•
cate that M. Mangin is not quite so sure as the
Quotidienne and the Gazette pretend to be of
the duration of the present Ministry. His ap-
pointment as a Counsellor of State is suggested
indeed, by those who are not his warmest
friends, as a signal of his being about to be su-
perseded in the Prefecture of Police. •

" In a former letter I alluded to the strong
desire which exists in this country of improving
the water communication between the capital
and the coast, and of giving to Paris, as far as
possible, the advantages of a sea-port. This de-
sire, as I formerly hinted, arises, I have no doubt,
in a considerable degree, from a feeling of rival-
ship towards England, and a consciousness,
which cannot be concealed, that in every thing
relating to commerce the metropolis of France
is so decidedly inferior to that of the United
Kingdom. It is not to be denied that a spirit
of open and honourable emulation is highly
praiseworthy. Up to the period of the peace
the genius of the two countries pursued their
way, so to speak, in two parallel lines, the
condition of which was that they should never
meet, and consequently that there should be
neither borrowing nor lending between them.
When a free communication was opened, at the
period of the peace, it was of course to be ex-
pected that each had a great deal to learn of the
other; but I fear that our countrymen are either
too proud to learn of their continental neigh-
bours, or that their genius is of a quality which
cannot readily adapt itself to the circumstances
of others, and will not travel out of the beaten

path in quest of improvement. Whatever be the
cause, I am persuaded that the French have been
much more successful in borrowing from us
than we have yet been in repaying ourselves from
them, although it must be acknowledged by
every candid observer that numberless improve-
ments, perhaps generally in small matters, but
still substantial improvements, remain for our
acquisition. I have already amassed a good
many memoranda in support of the views at
which I hare just hinted, and, if agreeable to
you, I may, perhaps, at some future period,
take the liberty of using the columns of The
Sun for the purpose of giving them circulation
in England. In the meantime I propose to de-
vote what remains of this letter to a few observa-

tions on the present state of the commerce of
prance, and to compare it with what it was at
the breaking out of the Revolution.
" At that period its external trade wal in a
great measure confined to three great towns-
Nantes and Bordeaux had considerable intercourse
with the French West India colonies, and the
free port of Marseilles had become the centre
for the commerce of the Mediterranean, besides
taking an active part in that of India. The im-
portation of the products necessary for home
consumption was no doubt the principal em_
ployment of their merchant vessels, but it is
certain that at that period they also enjoyed a
considerable share in the carrying trade of Eu- •
rope. The single colony of St. Domingo fur-
nished large returns of commodities destined not
only for the use of the mother country, but also
for that of its neighbours. The re-exportations
of sugar from France in 1787, 1788, and 1789,
were almost equal in amount to what was con-
sumed at home in these years.
" As to the trade of Paris, it was then as
now, the centre of the fine arts and of luxury,
and supplied Europe with articles of taste
and fancy, for which the genius of its workmen
in this department of manufacture has always
been so remarkable ; but to this its efforts
were confined. As to its wants for con-
sumption, they were scarcely less then than they
are at present ; and it is worthy of remark,
that at this period it was from Bourdeaux and
Orleans that Paris was supplied with refined
sugar, although the basin of the Seine, and par-
ticularly the port of Havre, and the town of
Rotten, participated in the trade with St. Do-
mingo, and the other West India Colonies.*

“---Matters were in this situation when the
wars of the Revolution broke out, which were
so soon followed by those of the empire. The
ports of France were in consequence closed up,
their commercial relations destroyed, and their
mercantile navy annihilated. Such were the
results to the external commerce of France,
which was immediately replaced by England in
all the continental markets, in which till then
the French had participated. At a later period
the United States have arisen to such a consi-
derable rank, in reference to commerce, as to
have become the rivals of England, and the
possessors of a great part of the trade which for-
merly belonged to France.

While the external commerce of France was
suffering such great losses, her domestic in-
dustry was called in to supply the wants of the
people ; and the efforts which were made for
this purpose, while excluded from all resources
hut the soil of their own territory, must be mat-
ter of astonishment to every one who has at all
reflected on the subject. In this situation the
metropolis took a decided precedence over all
the other towns of Fr:::.{. The presence and

the continual contact at Paris or the greatest
talent and the greatest capital in the country,
naturally led this city to be one also of the
greatest manufacturing towns of France, as it
had always been the greatest consumer. Thus,
at the date of the peace, the spirit of commer-
cial enterprise and a taste for commercial pur-
suits had made a strong impression on the minds
of the inhabitants, and it is to this spirit that
we must ascribe the efforts which hare lately
been made to raise the capital of France to the
rank of a first-rate commercial town. Intro-
duced, however, by force of circumstances during
the war, the spirit of manufacture has not made
any considerable progress in any other part of
the basin of the Seine. The north and east of
France, which, in a commercial point of view
belong to this basin, being the frontiers of coun-
tries commanded by France, afforded the means
of importing the materials of the first import-
ance to the manufacturing classes. Of these
the chief article is cotton, which now enters into
competition with the linen trade, which is the
great staple of the northern provinces. The re-
fining of sugar has also been introduced into
this district of the kingdom, but chiefly at Paris,
where it is carried on to a very considerable ex-
tent—Rouen, Elbenf, and Louviers, still main-
taining their supremacy in the manufacture of
woollen and cotton.

" To give you a general idea of the great com-
mercial revolution which has taken place in
France within the last 40 years, I subjoin, in a
tabular form, a comparative statement of the ton-
nage of ships sent out of French ports in 1787
and 1827, respectively, and as the facts from
which the abstract is taken are not very generally
known, the result may not be without some in-
terest to your readers.
Tons, 1787. Tone, 1827
French ships