The Sun.
London, England, 1842-11-04 00:00:00

Prices will then rise, and the farmer who now
grows a great deal more than he consumes him-
self, will be enriched by exchanging his surplus
voduce for the produce of merchants and manu-
facturers.

Chancery. The solicitor of small capital bene- i
fited by this, and Chancery proceedings, so far
from being the most expensive in outlay to a so- ,
licitor, were fir less so than proceedings at corn.
mon law, in proportion to their ultimate amounts.
Cheap law is not an unmixed good—the facility
of carrying on a suit is a great encouragement
to the litigious or speculating client, and to the
needy or reckless lawyer. The abolition of the
credit system will check hundreds of paltry
suits, and applications to the Court of Chancery
be avoided, in trifles mostly easy to be settled by
common sense and, judgment. There was no
ultimate benefit to the suitor by the old system
—the day of payment did arrive, and although
the bill bore longer date, its amount was the
same.

But all such schemes as those of Mr.
BLACKER, those of our tile-draining, stock-im-
proving, corn-law making landlords, rest on one
leg. They increase agricultural produce, but
they do not increase commodities to pay for it.
No doubt the principle of population will supply
mouths, but if mills stand idle or work half time,
or if our shipping get but half freights or lie rot-
ting in port, there will be no increase of manufac-
turing and commercial wealth to exchange for
agricultural produce. The more that is increased
without an Increase in trade and manufactures
the lower will its price fall, and the greater will
be the distress, till a new life be given to manu-
factures by the excess and the cheapness of the
produce of the farmers. As long as agriculture
is carried on—not merely to supply the wants of
the agriculturists but to exchange its produce, it
is absurd to suppose that it can thrive without an
increase in the wealth for which that produce is
to be exchanged. The landlords fix it on one
leg, and then expect it to walk rapidly forward.
We do not deny that the land may be better
cultivated, and sustain more persons than at
present, without any increase in commerce and
manufactures, but they must be persons who
cultivate it to live on its produce, and not to ex-
change it. Encouragement to agriculture, with-
out a corresponding increase in trade and com-
merce, may fill the land • with, for aught we
know, happy and healthful cottars—machines,
as they have been described, six feet high, for
turning potatoes into human beings; it may
crowd every gentleman's estate with thousands
and thousands of squatters and allottees, but we
are very much mistaken if that is the sort of
population, however happy in themselves, which
our landlords desire, or which would increase
their rents and add to the security of their pro-
perty. What mode of parcelling out the soil
may be for the greatest happiness of the great-
est number, we will not venture to inquire, but
for a Government which derives the greatest
part of its revenue from commerce, and for opu-
lent landowners who revel in foreign luxuries,
we can conceive no scheme more pregnant with
the seeds of destruction, than one which should
encourage.the cultivation of the soil for the chief
purpose of subsisting those who cultivate it, in-
stead of growing a large surplus to exchange.

But we do find fault with the continued
charges in the shape of fees, and not even upon
the old, but upon a new and increased scale—
with the Property-tax system, now for the first
time introduced of 4 per cent, on bills of costs.
Fees of office and taxes upon bills, are indefen-
sible in principle, and ought to be abolished;
The law and equity of this kingdom belong to
the State—the administration of law and equity
ought to be provided at the cost of the State—
not of the suitor. The suitor ought to pay every
charge incident to the carrying on of his suit;
but the fees of office are not fairly chargeable
upon him in any case. The system of fees has
grown up with years, but it is not the less an
abuse, and ought to be swept away. And the
new plan not only continues old fees, but doubles
and trebles their amount, upon matters purely of
office, and for which no duty is performed.

Besides this continued increased and aggrava-

ted evil, in the shape of fees, the charges for co-
pies of proceedings, which nothing but a vicious
system renders necessary to be taken avail, is
trebled. A few years back the charge for
copies of proceedings was reduced to IW. for 90
words; it is now raised again to 4d. Why this
increase ? The wages of copying-clerks are not
raised—the prices of stat►oners remain the same.
To form a Fee Fund—to compensate six clerks
at the cost of the suitor—to pay for services ren-
dered in old proceedings out of new ones, in
fact, legally to rob the suitor. If the old scale
of fees was sufficient to keep the six
clerks alive, surely it was sufficient to keep them
when dead. There could be no need first, of all of

the old fees ; next, of the doubled and trebled
fees; and, lastly, of the four per cent. tax. Every
penny of the money so taken is extortion, and
extortion for its own sake.

Great efforts we learn are making in various
quarters to promote the union of the working
and middle classes. One of the principal means
relied on is, for the middle classes to advocate a
great or complete extension of the suffrage,
which may satisfy the working classes. We be-
lieve that this will ultimately he very efficacious
to attain the proposed end; and those who pro-
mote it inform us that they have already been, to
a considerable extent, successful.
We will venture .to suggest another means of
promoting this object. Many of the working
classes believe, right or wrong, that the Liberals
of the middle classes were their most decided
enemies on the occasion of their turn-out. For
that ill-judged step many of the Turn-outs are
now paying severe penalties. They have been
consigned to gaol for shorter or longer terms,
and imprisonment in England is no light punish-
ment. Their families, who have already been
great sufferers, are doomed, by their incarcera-
tion, to be exposed to still greater privations.
We cannot speak very positively, not having
ourselves visited the abodes, or witnessed the
misery of the poor in the manufacturing dis-
tricts, but it is our belief; that at no former
period within the recollection of any living man,
was such heart-rending distress found in the
abodes of our people. To have been more pa-
tiently borne, with the one great and fatal excep-
tion, was scarcely possible. On these accounts,
those suffering women and children, arid the
mistaken men, are now fit objects of com-
miseration.

The intelligence from Madrid of tie 25th ult.
possesses no interest. All apprehension of a
change, or modification of the Ministry had
ceased. The Three per Cents. were done on the
Madrid Bourse on the 25th ult. at 21 13-16
15-16 at 60 days. The Five per Cents. at 27 •26
15-16 at 60 days.

In the Paris papers received yesterday, the
principal topics of discussion are, the proposed
Treaty with Belgium, the base conduct of " per-
fidious Albion," and the removal of General
PAJOL from the command of the first military
division. In adverting to articles in the London
journals on Lord ABERDEEN'S letter, tl►e Siecle
and National display their usual hatred of Eng-
land. The latter journal sagely remarks that
the letter was dictated by fear, and England has
good reason for her terror, as there is no Power
in Europe to which the first cannon-shot ought
to appear more formidable. France, though
isolated, as all the world knows and ad-
mits (we take the evidence even from French
journals), has only to stretch out her hands
• to get allies, and of all countries in the world,
Prussia is pointed out as one which would
be willing and happy to join with France against
this country. This is the climax of national mad-
ness, but we will let this republican organ speak
for itself:—" Should war break out there is not
a single Power on the Continent to which we
could not render great services, and which would
not be favourably disposed to gratefully acknow-
ledge them. We should only have to stretch out
our hand to find allies. We can aid Austria in
maintaining her position, and advancing in the
valley of the Lower Danube, from which Russia
is endeavouring to force her. Prussia can also
be assisted by us in her just design of becoming
a maritime power, and it is quite possible for us,
in unison with her, to work out the resurrection
of Poland ; and to Russia herself, we can offer
our assistance in her progress in the East. Such
arc the bases on which we can, whe►► we please,
make arrangements with whichever of tl►e Great
Powers we may select. And as to the secondary
Powers of Europe or America, who can doubt,
that it would not be easy for us to form a vast
coalition with them, and so cover the world with
enemies to the English monopoly." _ _

We understand that there is something like a
project on foot to raise a fund to alleviate the
misery of those whose protectors have fallen
under the heavy hand of the law. There is no
longer any pretext for severity. Its supremacy
has been vindicated, and mercy should to the
extent of its means bind up the wounds the law
has inflicted, when to keep them open is no
longer necessary to the public safety. It would
be an act of kindness on the part of the middle
classes—it could now be in no case attributed to

fear or collusion—were they to come forward and
liberally contribute to any fund which shall be
exclusively destined to relieving those women
and children who are suffering from the confine-

went of their protectors. Should any such pro-
ject be in contemplation, we hope it will be sup-
ported by the middle classes, who may at a
small expense contribute to convince the work-
ing classes that they are not their enemies, but
the enemies exclusively of disorder and outrage.

At a meetin g of the Dublin Corporation, which
took place on Tuesday last, in that city, Mr.
APLAummx proposed " a resolution of thanks
to the late Lord Mayor, for his valuable services
and upright conduct during the past year,"
which, after being duly seconded by a gentle-
man named M'CULLAGH, was—says the report—
" carried by acclamation." This is quite a suffi-
cient answer to those political enemies of Mr.
O'CoNNELL, who, at the commencement of his
Mayoralty, asserted that he would degrade the
office he held, and become the laughing-stock
of all his Protestant fellow-citizens. Not only
has the Hon. and Learned Gentleman falsified
all these sinister predictions, but he has acquitted
himself so efficiently—with so much sense and
propriety as Lord Mayor, that the Dublin Cor-
poration, laying aside for the time those strong
political prejudices with which so many of them
arebeset, have come to a unanimous determination
publicly to thank him for his " valuable services
and upright conduct," while occupying the civic
chair. But fifteen years ago, and the man who
should have prophesied that a Catholic agitator
—and that agitator, Mr. O'CONNELL t2ShOUld
achieve the honour of the Mayoralty, and re-
ceive the thanks of the Protestant Corporation
of Dublin for his conduct during his year of of-
fice—the man, we say, who should have pro-
phesied this, would have been looked on as the
wildest visionary, fit only for the meridian of
Bedlam ! Of all the strange political changes
and innovations that have taken place within our
memory, the strangest is undoubtedly that of
Mr. O'CONNELL, the Catholic emancipator and
Repeal agitator, into the pacific, orderly, magis-
terial Lord Mayor of Dublin ! We doubt
whether even that remarkable individual—the
" oldest inhabitant"—can remember any change
equal to it.

Galignani, in alluding to this article, quietly
remarks :—" Notwithstanding a vigilant atten-
tion to the English papers, we have nowhere
been able to discover this dread of a war which
the National attributes to them. That a desire
for the continuance of amity with this country is
generally felt and expressed, we are happy to
admit ; but of the dread of hostilities so largely
talked of by our bellicose Contemporary, we per-
ceive no symptom whatever."
Time Journal des Debats, alarmed at the ga-
thering of monopolists in Paris, makes the fol-
lowing statement :

" The addresses, the petitions, and the Committees
of Protection, appointed with so much display, have
little contributed to dissipate the alarm thus excited,
and we behold a veritable manufacturing congress
assembled at Paris, while the commercial towns raise
loud cries of distress, as if trade were on the eve of a
St. Bartholomew. Undoubtedly it is easy to perceive
what is false and exaggerated in such a state of things,
,but the most resolute will acknowledge that it ought
to be taken into consideration. The evil already ex-
ists ; in spite of the best suggestions, and in spite of
the facts which the discussion has brought to light,
the manufacturing classes deem themselves threatened
with a great danger. The duty of the Government,
in such a case, is to adjourn, to temporise, to treat.
We are persuaded that the interests at present most
alarmed will not, in the end, have much reason to
congratulate themselves should they gain what they
may call a victory."
- - -

Marshal SOULT'S letter of dismissal to General
PAJOL is severely commented upon by the Op-
position prints. The Constitutionnel alludes to
the services of the General in accomplishing the
July Revolution—a service which at least ought to
have entitled him to the everlasting gratitude
and confidence of the KING. " The green old
age," it adds, "of General PAJOL promised to
lsieisrvMiceAJ:EaSnTdY
Nnylialanievilleorrme
ayyeabrse ogo
the
eiod and
iieri loyal
tofhis
as ulcocnegss ot
iri,nNev icndh
mwue
cdho t
anioetnd et
on ya,c t will re
quire
a ire theexirp u
larity of the late Commander of the First
vision." The Royalist journals remark that Ge-
neral PAJOL has only experienced the same fate
as LAFITTE and LAFAYETTE. " Those who have-
dismissed hint," says the France, "would have
been nothing without him. General PAJOL, like
many others, has only to regretfa
. ,tlslyestem, ingratitude,Nviiicl
after twOve years' services, o
lie contributed in a great degree to establish. It
is not for us, certainly, to regret that the July
system' is shaking those who were its most zea-
lous partisans, for time has dispelled, and will dis-
pel, many illusions."
The Moniteur contains the official notification
of ithe appointment of General TIBURCE SEDAS
TIANI to succeed General PAJOL, 711iS en disponi.
bilite.

COURT CIRCULAR.

The Six Clerks' office has long been considered
as totally useless for any other purpose save
that of giving credit to needy solicitors, and
adding costs to suitors. On the 10th of last Au-
gust au Act was passed entitled " An Act for
abolishing certain Offices of the High Court of
Chancery, in England," and by that Act an end
was put to the Six Clerks' ofiice. Large pay,
without work, had been the rule of the Six
Clerks; pay for the suitor, play for the Six
`Gterkq ; and it was naturally expected that the
extortioners being defunct, the extortion would
follow them to the grave. But, vhat will be the
indignation of the public when tl ley know, that
so far from the abolition of the SAX Clerks' office
beinga benefit to the suitor, it ill be a curse—
that the doing away of the fees payable to the
Six Clerks has only been preparatory to the im-
position of additional increased lees payable to
other officers—and that an al:awe, too glaring
longer to be borne, has only given way to other
and more aggravated abuses—tlt at, in short, the
operation of the Act,
carried
is to tax the suitors in tlteCourtc u
t'otf bai tatstce order,ryt
to
a very considerable amount')
We do not think that the introduction of the
ready money principle is an
evil— -we consider it
a good. The Six Clerks' gave
credit to the
solicitors for office copies of bills and answers,
frequently to a considerable amount, and a sort
of premium was thus given tc. proceedings in

The following is the reply of the veteran Ge-
neral to the letter of Marshal SOULT, announcing
his dismissal :

" Monsieur le Mareehal Soult—You have made
known to me that the command of the First Division
was about to be taken from me. I was not pre-
pared for this decision ; but it is a satisfaction to
me to reflect that it will be come to after order and
the greatest tranquillity have reigned in Paris for
more than three years. My seise of my own per-
sonal dignity has never allowed me to set any value
on my services, and if for a moment I call your at-
tention to them, it is not— I earnestly beg you to
believe—to protest against an unmerited disgrace.
Having been a soldier for fifty-two years, of which I
have been a Lieutenant-General for the last thirty
years, I was in the three last campaigns of the
Empire so happy as to obtain signal successes at the
head of numerous corps of the army, and it is well
known that I was in the first line of Generals-in-
Chief for whom the Great Captain destined the baton

THE SUN, LONDON, FRIDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 4, 1842

ARRIVAL OF THE
BRITISH QUEEN

COWES, ISLE OF WIGHT, Nov. 3.

The Belgian steamer British Queen came into our
roadstead this morning soon after one o'clock. She
has only eleven passengers. She was detained five
days at Fayal for a supply of coals. She appears to
have sustained no damage on the voyage, but brings
a report from Fayal of the loss of the Solway steamer.
It is not true.

NINE o'CLocic.
The British Queen is under weigh for Antwerp.

" Who runs may read."

WINDSOR, THURSDAL—The Queen and Prince
Albert enjoyed their accustomed early walk this fore-
noon in the Home-park. Afterwards his Royal High-
ness, attended by General Wemyss and Colonel
Wylde, hunted with the Prince's Harriers in the
Great-park. The party had an excellent run and
killed at Progmore.
Earl Spencer took his departure to-day from the
Castle.

To-morrow her Royal Highness the Duchess of
Gloucester is expected to arrive on a visit, attended by
Lady Caroline Legge.
Lord and Lady Stanley are expected on Saturday
on a visit.
The Rev. Lord W. Russell will have the honour
this evening of joining the Royal dinner circle, which
will also include the Earl and Countess Bruce, Coun-
tess of Dunmore, Lady C. Cocks, Hon. Miss Deve-
reux, Viscount Hawarden, Hon. C. A. Murray, Sir
R. Otway, Lord C. Wellesley, Colonel Wylde, and
Dr. Prcetorius.

Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, at-
tended by Lady Charlotte nuncios, arrived in town
at twelve o'clock yesterday from her residence at
Frogmore Lodge, near Windsor. The Royal
Duchess paid a visit to her Royal Highness the
Duchess of Gloucester. A dejeune was served at
Gloucester House. Their Royal Highnesses the
Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, the Princess Au-
gusta of Cambridge, and the Hereditary Grand Duke
of Mecklenburgh Strelitz, visited the Duchess of Glou-

center.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent and
Lady Charlotte Dundas, Lady in Waiting, left tow
at half-past three o'clock on her return to Frogmore
Lodge ; and their Royal Highnesses the Duke and
Duchess, and the Princess Augusta of Cambridge,
accompanied by the Hereditary Grand Duke of
Mecklenburgh Strelitz, and Lady Augusta Somerset,
Lady in Waiting, left town in the afternoon for Kew.
The Countess Brownlow has succeeded the Dowager
Lady Clinton as the Lady in Waiting on her Majesty
the Queen Dowager. Earl Brownlow has also arrived
at Canford House, the residence of her Majesty.
The Turkish Ambassador and the Spanish Minister
transacted business yesterday at the Foreign-office.
Mr. John Wood, Chairman of the Excise, had an
interview with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yes-
terday at his official residence in Downing-street.
Sir James Graham had an interview with Sir
Robert Peel yesterday at his residence in Whitehall-
gardens.
The Earl of Wilton transacted business yesterday
at the Foreign-office.
Dispatches were sent off last evening from the
Colonial-office for Sir Charles Begot, Governor of
Canada. Dispatches were also sent off for the
Governor of West Australia.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING.
LONDON, Nov. 3.—Wind, this day at noon, easterly
light airs and fine,
• DEAL, Nov, 2.--N•E• to E.—Arrd. Singapore,
Leighton, Quebec. Std. Monarch, Pernambuco.
SHORERAm, Nov. 2.—Arrd. Jessamine, Cork, with
damage, having been on fire in Cork Harbour.
LivEaroor„ Nov. 2.—Wind E. to S.E., light.—
Arrd. Aim Hall, Valpey, Quebec. Sld. Templar,
Sydney ; Orixa, Canton ; Adam, Lodge, Calcutta ;
Calcutta, Canton ; Thomas Hunter, Africa ; Marga-
ret, Trinidad ; Ringdove, St. Vincent's ; Dinah, Ma-
tanzas ; Providence, Vera Cruz ; St. Lawrence, New
Orleans; Asia, Mobile; Chieftain and Carlton, Sa-
vannah ; Samuel Whitney, New York ; Satellite,
Bermuda ; Lord Seaton, St. Andrew's.
CLYDE, Nov. I.—Sld. Hamlet, Trinidad.
KINGsTowx, Nov. I.—Arrd. Brothers, St. John's
New Brunswick.
HULL, Nov. I.—Arrd. William Ward, Reel, St.
John's, New Brunswick.
RAMSGATE, Nov. 2.—Sld. Harrington, Mercer, St.
Helena; Bernard Castle, Bermuda; Dolphin, Muir-
head, Madeira.
BEACHEY HEAD, OCT. 29.—Arrd. off, Ocean,
Hilgins, Baltimore.
PORTSMOUTH, Nov. 2.—Wind E. to N.E.—Sld.
Premier, steam-packet, Binney, Barbadoes.
PLYMOUTH, Nov. 2.—Wind E. S. E.—Arrd. her
Majesty's ship Racer, Halifax.
PADSTOW, Nov. I.—Arrd. Timhuctoo, Davies,
Africa, after being on shore at Port Isaac.
MARTPORT, OCT. 81.—The Venus, Williamson,
from Belfast, and the Ocean, M'Kee, bound to the
north, which were on shore off the harbour, has been
got off and brought in.
HARWICH, Nov. 2.--A loaded schooner, with loss
of mainmast, passed this port to-day in tow of two

steamers.
RAMSGATE, Nov. 2.—The Louisa, Cherbonn(ll,
from St. Petersburgh
to Nantes,
Orfordness on the 31st ult., afterbe was abandoned off
ing in contact with
the brig Revanche, of Sundswall ; crew saved.
DOVER, Nov. 2.—The Carl Adolph, Prins, bound
to Angostura. in proceeding to sea to-day took the
ground, and drove behind the South Pier, but is ex-
pected off next tide without damage.
FALMOUTH, Nov. 2.—The Whim, Eggett, from
Odessa, which arrived here 22d ult., leaky, &c., is
discharging her cargo.
PADsTow, Nov. I.—The George, from Liverpool
to Jersey, which was ashore at Port Gavern, has been
got off, after discharging her cargo, and arrived here.
PORT TALBOT, Nov. .—The Emma, James, which
was ashore on Sier Point, after discharging part of
cargo, has proceeded to Swansea.
OrP DovEn, OCT. 31.—Woodman, Laguna.
COMPLIMENT TO BRITISH SEAMEN.

The following has been received at Lloyd's, from
the Belgian Consulate, slated London, Nov. 2, 1842 :
" Sir,—l have been informed by Captain B. Fertig,
of the Belgian brig Eliza, of Antwerp, which sprung
a leak, and was lost on he 12th of October last, on
her voyage from Villa Nova, in Portugal, to Ant-
werp, with a cargo of fruit, in lat. 50 13 N., eon. 11
4 W., how very readily and humanely Captain Biass,
of the British vessel Sir Walter Scott, of Hull, coming
from. Quebec to London with a cargo of timber, an-
swered his signal of distress and came to his assistance,
and that of his crew (being altogether nine men), who
were all, by this timely help, rescued from a
watery grave, and brought safely to London, after
having been very kindly treated, and been made to
share the very scanty provisions which remained in
the Sir -Walter Scott, owing to her unusually pro-
very short allowance for many days. I beg, in the
tnrtaimc til voyage, which put the whole equipage upon
ee
of the said Capt. B. Fertig and all his crew, as
also in behalf of the Belgian Government, to return
publicly through your channel their sincere thanks to
Capt. Biass for his humanity and great kindness shown
to the captain and crew of the Eliza, and to acknow-
ledge the very eminent service they have received by
his ready and humane assistance, which reflects espe-
cial credit on his character in particular, as well as on
that of British seamen in general.
"I have the honour to be, Sir,
"Your very obedient, humble servant,
" H. CASTILLIAN.

ti To. W. Dobson, Esq., Secretary, Lloyd's."
VESSELS SPOKEN war:l.—Lady Gordon, Liver-
pool to Quebec, 3d ult., lat. 45, lon. 53, by the Singa-
pore, arrived in the Downs. Robert Henderson, Liver-
pool to Calcutta, Sept. 6, lat. 12 N., lon. 24 W. ;
Emulous, Barbadoes to Cork, out 15 days, lat. 30,
12_n. 56, by the James Lyon, arrived in the Clyde.

LORD MORPETEI AND THE AMERICANS.-.4t is said
that Lord Morpeth is preparing his observations on
the Americans for the press. The opinions of so
distinguished a statesman, so honest a politician, and
so good a man, with regard to the Americans and
their institutions, would be particularly useful at this
period. All classes of politicians would look with
anxiety, and be prepared to receive with reverence
the ballot and " the man mffrage in America
opinion with regard to the working oi
his Lordship's
points that will inevitably
.be brought forward and
discussed in the next session of Parliament.--Shef.
field Iris.

of Marshal. I might, perhaps, have been warranted • -
in hoping that the Government of July would grant SUMMARY OF NEWS'
me this reward, and thus realise an intention openly
manifested by the Emperor. Far from acknow-
ledging- these claims, M. le Marechal, you seem dis-
posed to deprive me suddenly of a post, in which I
have, during twelve years, passed through great diffi-
culties. A retreat thus preceded, has nothing re-
doubtable in my eyes.. I have already known ad-
versity. My long career will not have been without
glory. My fellow-citizens will ever do me the justice
of testifying that I have constantly served my country
with the most disinterested devotion. Therefore.
however rigorous may be the lot which awaits me, I
shall meet with resignation the sentence with which I
am threatened. I am, with respect, &c.
" Oct. 26. Le Lieut.-Gen. PAJOL."
Tuesday being one of the four great holidays
of France, the Bourse was closed. Few specu-
lators were at TORTONI'S. The Three per Cents.
were done at 79f. 85c.

AND
1)40W Optitton.

TOREIGIV.
Intelligence had been received at Constantinople,
according to the Augsburgh Gazette, that the Shah
of Persia had accepted the mediation of Great Britain
to arrange the differences between him and the Otto-

man Porte.
The new Russian and Turkish tariff will come into
operation on the 19th of July next, by which Russia
continues to secure the advantage of 3 per cent. on
exports and imports, instead of 12 per cent. paid by
other nations.
The election of Prince Alexander in Servia is defi-
nitively confirmed at the Porte, and messengers have
been dispatched to invest him with his dignity.
The King of the French arrived in Paris on Mon-
day, and presided at a Cabinet Council.
111. Dillon, lately announced in the London Gazette
as Consul of France at Newcastle, was formerly pri-
vate secretary to M. Guizot.
A Toulon letter states that the relic 3 of St. Au-
gustin were embarked at that port on the 25th ult.
for Bona, in the steam packet Gassendi, attended by
the Bishops, who came with them to Toulon. The
`Gassendi was escorted by the steamer Tenare, and it
is said that they will both touch at Cagliary, in Sar-
dinia, to receive the stone which covered the tomb of
the Saint. .

The Phalange, a French paper, announces that the
negotiations for a commercial treaty between France
and Belgium are absolutely broken off. This de-
plorable abandonment of a grand idea took place at
the Council on Sunday last.
The Independent of Brussels states that Wolff, who
left London' some days ago under suspicious circum-
stances, had come to a compromise with his creditors
there, by paying them down 30 per cent, on their
claims, and securing to them, by mortgage of houses
he possesses in that city, a further dividend of 20 per
cent. at a future day.
The effective force at present composing the garri-
son of Paris, amounts to 20,000 men.
Owing to the acknowledged inefficiency of the pre-
sent penal laws in France for the repression of poach-
ing, and the petitions from all parts of .the kingdom,
some more effectual enactments are expected to be
made in the ensuing sitting of the Chambers.
The Duchess of Orleans has not yet come to Paris
sincesthe disaster of the 13th of July.
The greater portion of the town of Zechanow, in
Russia, has been destroyed by fire, and 300 families
reduced to destitution.
All the Legations of Holland have received instruc-
tions from their Government to make inquiries at the
office of the foreign • journals which announced the
pretended shipwreck of the Austrian frigate Bellona,
in order to ascertain through what channel they re-
ceived this false intelligence.
The Session of the Belgiam Chamber will be opened
on the Bth of this month, by the King in person.
PUBLIC OPINION.
The Morning Post has the following remarks :
" In rather an odd place for the mention of statis-
tical facts, namely, in the review of Alfred Tennyson's
poems, in the late Quarterly, we find it set down that
during the last twelve years some seventy millions of
money have been expended in the kingdom upon the
making of railroads. This is a fact of immense im-
portance in considering the causes of the present con-
dition of the working people of this country. The
huge expenditure upon railroads has now nearly
ceased. So long as it continued, it operated pretty
much as the loans did during the war, without the
disadvantage of adding to the national debt. It was
an expenditure on the part of capitalists which went
chiefly into the pockets of the industrious classes, and
gave bread to many a poor hard-working man, who
might otherwise have starved, or have gone upon very
short allowance. This expenditure counteracted
in a great degree the effect produced upon the wages
of labour by the competition of machinery in manu-
facturing industry. If millions were withdrawn from
the working classes by the reduction of manufactur-
ing wages, as they certainly Were, millions were added
by the expenditure on railroads. The disease con-
tinues, but the remedy has ceased. Hence the ex-
traordinary pressure of the last two or three years.
The disease is a want of circulation of the wealth of
the country among the lower classes."
The following is from the Times :—" A document
has reached us, of which we know not whether it is
to be regarded as a trick (none of the canniest) of
that very unscrupulous thing called ScotchWhiggery,
or as one of the desperate and convulsive movements
with which the Nen-Intrusion principle gives token
that it is tottering to its fall. It rejoices in a stupen-
dous name, second in cumulative dignity to nothing
which we remember, except, perhaps, the Titanian
Waterloo Caesarean Evergreen Cow Cabbage—it is
the " Address of the Glasgow-Church-Defence-and-
Anti-patronage-Electoral-Association,' to the 'Friends
of the Church of Scotland.' Its object is to persuade
those whom it addresses to elect no bellies or provosts
at the municipal elections, who are not fast Whig-
Radicals in politics, and staunch adherents of Messrs.
Cunningham and Candlish in religion. We much
suspect that some persons will be found at the bottom
of the affair, whose minds are not so entirely elevated
above sublunary things, but that they have a squint in
the corners of their eyes for some snug little jobbery
or other in their own native towns—so far from self-
evident is the connexion on which they insist between
zeal for the Church, and office-bearing in the corpo-
rations."
The Chronicle says:—" Liberal politicans would
bestow education universally. They would give
knowledge in counteraction of the wickedness that
will arise from ignorance. They would respect the
religious differences which render an uniform creed-
teaching impossible in this country. All that the
case allows they would do for all • leaving the profes-
sional teachers of the various theological systems to
supply the doctrinal deficiency. And here Toryism
interposes. Its maxim is, no creed, no school. The
barrier thus raised to the universality of education,
is insurmountable. To some it is granted on terms
that engender hypocrisy ; from others it is withheld
altogether. And 30 'Toryism, believing humanity to
be depraved, ministers to its ignorance and bigotry.
It lays hold of, and acts upon'," that which it discerns
of evil."