The Sun.
London, England, 1842-01-06 00:00:00

THE REVENUE.

STANDARD.—The accounts of the Quarter's
Revenue, ending to-day, cannot be finally made up
antil a late hour this evening. We are enabled, how-
ever, to state that there is a considerable increase in the
Revenue derived from the Customs for the present
quarter, as compared with the corresponding quarter of
last y ear. On the Excise there is a falling off as
compared with the corresponding quarter of last
year. The decrease is chiefly on the items of
malt and hops. The deficiency in the Excise, however,
we are happy to state, is fully compensated by the in-
crease on the Customs and other branches of the Re-
venue. There will be no great difference in the pro-
duce of the year ending the sth of January, 1842, with
the year ending sth of January, 1841. The total
revenue for the two years will prove nearly equal. If
there is any difference, it is expected that there will be
a small increase on the financial year ending to-day, but
until the accounts are finally closed it is impossible to
state with certainty what the amount will be.
GLOBE.—The one sentence which was open to
criticism in Lord Kinnaird's recent letter was of course
seized on by the honest Times ; and the views of a cer-
tain factory Deputation were seized on in like manner.
The object was to throw the blame of the concentration
of masses of people in the factory districts—and of their
present distress—on the mill-owners,' and off the
land-owners' shoulders. This is just another
specimen of the trick we have often denounced,
of taking advantage of Ihcir own wrong, and
charging upon others its consequences. We are
quite free to say that we think Lord Kinnaird made a
weak point, and missed a strong one, by expressing
himself in the manner which has been thus criticised.
It was unnecessary either for him or for any one else
to recommend emigration from the agricultural into
the manufacturing districts. That sort of emigra-
tion wants no encouragement, and ought to receive
none, while it simply operates, as at present, to re-
lieve landlords from those effects of their Bread-tax
which show themselves in pauperism, the sure attendant
of Corn-law prices. They throw on the towns those
whom they do not find it profitable to feed on the
lands ; and thus the reverse process has been in fact
going on to that which the land advocates pretend to
have taken place. It is not the pauperism of the
towns that is thrown on the land, but that of the
land on the towns. And then the landlords (fit
descendants of the robber and pirate caste of old
times) cut off supplies from those very towns to which
they have driven their " surplus" villains. And then
they point the finger of scorn at the misery which pre-
vails in those towns ! That last is a refinement beyond
their sires of Plantagenet days. Robbery and piracy
the latter were up to ; the moan aggravation of lordly
wrongs by clerkly sophisms they were not guilty of.
We do believe they would have blushed through the
bars of their vizors at such fulsome eulogies of their
frank violences, as Mr. E. S. Cayley's Cressy and Poi-
tiers speeches. Cressy and Potters invoked forsooth to
ennoble the sliding scale ! But, as we have said there is
not the least occasion for Lord Kinnaird, or for any
one else, to say a word in favour of immigration into
the towns from the country. Our Lords have taken
care that there shall be enough of it. It attains its
maximum under the present system. It could not go
on more actively (it might go on less actively) after a
change in the Corn-laws than it does at present. The
towns are the last refuge of misery caused by the Corn-
laws. Leave the peopling of them, and the starving of
their people, upon the right shoulders !

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.

CHRONICLE.—Messrs. George Frazer and Son,
of Manchester, in their annual circular, give a good re-
view of commercial affairs during the past year, and, in
alluding to the new one, adduce various grounds for ex-
pecting some improvement ; but taking into considera-
tion the depressed state of the country, which has now
existed, with more or less rigour, for the last four or
five years, they observe that they cannot look forward
with confidence to any " permanent" improvement un-
til the price of food becomes reduced, and the currency
of the country is placed beyond the reach of the adverse
action of those circumstances which have latterly-
deranged its operations. Comparing our exports of
cotton yarn and cotton thread, plain calicoes, cam-
brics, and muslins, dyed and printed calicoes, and
the consumption of cotton in bags, for the year
1841 with any of the years from 1837 inclusive, it
appears that those of 1841 have been greater than
that of any of the other years, more particularly of
piece goods, and yet the actual deliveries of cotton for
consumption during the last year, compared with the
former, show a diminution of about 3,200 bags per
week, or about 168,000 in the year. This extraordinary,
fact they attribute very properly to the " decreased de-
mand for otir home trade," and the forced shipments of
goods to foreign markets under consignment. They
refer to the additional 1,000,0001. of bullion now ,
in the Bank, with no increase in the paper circula-1
Con, and to the favourable course of the foreign
exchanges, among other reasons, for expecting that
the lowest point of depression is overcome. The
Directors of the Bank of England, as we have fre-

quently had occasion to observe, have reaped wisdom
from experience, and, by dint of frequent hammering,
have at length imbibed better principles of manage-
ment. They are now perfectly aware that when corn
is scarce their paper money must be pulled in, and
stringent principles put in practice. They have also
seen that it is a bad thing to alter the rate of interest
in such circumstances, and that the object in view may
be equally well accomplished by limiting the range of
discounts. Their last return to the old practice of
limiting their negotiation to bills not having more than
sixty days to run, instead of raising the rate of interest,
as formerly, to 5 or 6 per cent., was found to be
equally efficacious.

HERALD.—As the industrial progress of other
countries must always be interesting, if only as a stan-
dard by which to measure that of our own, and stimu-
late by friendly rivalship in case of being found in ar-
rear, the following official details respecting the pro-
duction and consumption of salt in Russia in 1840 will
be interesting to the numerous and respectable class
engaged in that particular branch of industrial produc-
tion in this country, and no less so perhaps to the sta-
tistician and legislator. In Russia the salt necessary
for consumption is procured in a great measure from
the lakes, where it is found naturally deposited ; a cer-
tain quantity also is obtained by evaporation in the salt
works of the Crown and of individuals. The chief se-
line lakes of the empire are situated in the Crimea, in
Bessarabia, and in the Government of Saratoff, and the
principal salt works in the Government of Perm.
The salt of the lakes costs the Crown from 4-7ths
of a copec to five silver copecs per pood, and the
extraction of salt by evaporation from 6 to 50 silver
copecs per pood. These figures represent, however,
only the cost of extraction, or elaboration properly so
called ; with respect to the real prime cost, it would
be necessary, in order to obtain it correctly, to have
an account of the charges for carriage to the great
storehouses where deposited ; those incurred in re-
pairs of the roads by which conveyed, five per cent. on
the capital employed in the salt works and establish-
ments necessary, warehouses and other buildings,
with 3 per cent. for their support and repair, the
intrinsic value of the salt and that of the waste dechels,
the amount of the imposts and other obligations pay-
able by those employed by the Crown in the transport
and in the other labours of salt production, and of
which the Treasury is deprived, and lastly ten copecs
assignations per pood for the expenses of the adminis-
tration of the salt works. In adding to the prime cost
so arrived at the trifling profit which constitutes the net
beneficial interest of the Crown, the sale price of the
salt may be ascertained. This price is specially fixed
for each store deposit, according to the distances which
the salt has to be carried and the expenses of carriage
borne by the Crown.
In 1840 the sales of the salt of the Crown produced
the sum of 6,948,416 silver rubles, or 24,319,957
rubles assignation money. The net result to the Trea-
sury by this operation was 4,141,849 silver rubles, or
14,496,474 rubles assignation. To these quantities
must be added 776,4:83 poods of salt of private pro-
duction. There hava been years when the quan-
tity of salt sold has been more considerable, but no
conclusion can be deduced from the fact in respect
of internal consumption, because the circum-
stance may arise from accidental causes. Thus in
1839, for example, the sales of salt ascended to more
than 31 millions of poods, because all the speculators
were eager to lay in large stocks on account of the false
reports in circulation at the time of an approachin;
considerable rise in the fixation of the sale price of
Crown salt. The annual average of the sale of salt for
internal consumption is generally at the rate of 25
millions of poods.
The pood is equal to about 36Ibs. ; and the silver
ruble to 3s. 20. sterling. The population of Russia
by last returns 61i millions of inhabitants.

THE TEN HOURS FACTORY
QUESTION.

CONTINUATION OF A REPORT ADDRESSED TO THE
SHORT TIME COMMITTEES OF THE WEST RIDING OF
YORKSHIRE OF CERTAIN CONFERENCES HELD WITH
THE RIGHT HON. SIR R. PEEL, BART., AND SEVERAL
OF HIS COLLEAGUES, ON THE SUBJECT OF THE TEN
HOURS FACTORY BILL.
INTERVIEWS WITH LORD WHARNCLIFFE, LORD PRESI-
DENT OF THE COUNCIL, AND MR. W. E. GLAD-
STONE, VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE BOARD OF TRADE.
The following day the deputation had an interview
with Lord \Marneliffe and Mr. Gladstone.
As in former cases, the deputation proceeded to ex-
plain the nature of the measure which they advocated,
and the economical and moral reasons upon which they
based their claim.
Lord WHAIINCLIFFE testified, from his own know-
ledge, to the fact that the statements thus presented as
to the physical, the domestic, and the mental and moral
condition of the factory workers, were not in the slight-
est degree exaggerated.
Mr. GLADSTONE appeared to take an earnest interest
in those portions of our statement which had reference
to the educational, the domestic, and the moral and re-
' ligious statistics of the subject, and paid particular at-
tention to the proposed restriction, of which Sir Robert
Peel seemed to doubt the practicability—namely, that
which would limit the employment of female labour.
Mr. Gladstone treated this subject in a very able and
practical manner. Agreeing in all the deputation stated
as to the evil effects, both on individual character and on
the domestic condition of families, which resulted from
the present mode of substituting female for adult male
labour, lie asked, " What practical measures would you
suggest to make such a clause as you propose generally
operative ?'"The deputation, in their replies to this
question, were rather aided by Mr. Gladstone than
otherwise; and it was ultimately suggested that the ob-
ject might be effected by means of three regulations.
First, by fixing a higher age for the commencement of
infant female. labour than for the commencement of in-
fant male-labour in factories. Secondly, by limiting the
number of females in proportion to the number of males
in any one factory. Thirdly, by forbidding a female to
work in a factory after her marriage, and during the life-
time of her husbaud. It will be seen that these sugges-
tions meet the case put by Sir Robert Peel, and at the
same time obviate the objections taken.

The working of the present Factory Act was also very
fully canvassed, and the unwieldy and impracticable
nature of its provisions illustrated by facts well known
to all conversant with the subject. The Deputation,
while on this part of the subject, stated, in the first place,
that the short-time Committees and the friynds of the
factory labourer had been no parties to that measure
(the Act of 1833) ; that they had seen from the begin-
ning that it would not work, and they were thoroughly
convinced that it had been adopted more as a means of
evading, thun satisfying the demand for the due regula-
tion of the labour in factories. With respect to the
education for which it professes to snake provision, it
was notorious that in most cases its provision had either
been entirely evaded, or that what instruction had been
given had been imparted under circumstances which
made it a mockery both as to quality and quantity ; and
one instance in particular was adduced, in which the
stoker of a steam-engine had been constituted the
schoolmaster, and the fire-hole had been made the
school-room.

After the ten hours' measure had been very fully can-
vassed in its various bearings, the Deputaiion took the
liberty of laying before his Lordship and Mr. Gladstone
(as they had already done with Sir R. Peel) their views
as to the imperative necessity of passing it in connection
with an alteration of the Poor-law, in accordance with
the dictates of humanity and justice, and as an instal-
ment of good measures to the working classes. These
were matters about which the Deputation thought there
should be no delay, as upon them an immense mass of
evidence had already been accumulated.
Lord WUARNCLIFFE asked whether the masters were
not generally opposed to the views advocated by the
Deputation in reference to the Ten Hours Bill ? To
which it was replied, that the masters were now in
many instances becoming convinced, by dear-bought
experience, that these views were correct ; that a ten
hours restriction would be the only means of saving them
as well as their workpeople from utter destruction. His
Lordship said that he supposed that might be the case
with the smaller manufacturers, but such instances of
approval of the Ten Hours Bill, he thought, were rare
among the more wealthy and extensive capitalists. The
Deputation stated that as a general rule that might be so,
but that many of the large employers were now coming
round to the same opinions. In corroboration of that
statement the deputy from Huddersfield mentioned the
names of several of the most extensive and influential
mill-owners of that district, with whom his Lordship was
well acquainted.
Mr. GLADSTONE, at the termination of a most encou-
raging interview, expressed himself highly gratified with
the conversation, and said it was impossible to direct the
attention of Government to subjects of graver import-
ance than those which the Deputation had brought before
Lord Wharncliffe and himself. " You may," said he
rest assured that I will devote my best attention to
them, in conjunction with the Cabinet, and with an
earnest desire to discover and adopt those measures
which may be best calculated to put a stop to the evils
you have described. Where we may happen to differ, I
feel a confidence that our motives and opinions will re-
ceive from you a fair and liberal construction. But, in-
deed, it is not fair to assume that we do or shall differ,
for the evils are palpable, demand immediate remedy,
and your claims are just and reasonable. The spirit and
tendency of your views are alike rational and concili-
atory."
Lord WHARNCLIFFE, at the request of the Deputation,
readily, and in the kindest manner, gave a letter of in-
troduction to his Grace the Duke of Buckingham, upon
whom the Deputation next proposed to wait.
The impression left on the minds of all the members of
the Deputation by the bearing of Mr. Gladstone was of
the most favourable description, and gave rise to hopes
of a cheering nature as to the ultimate results of their
labours, and the intention of the Government, both with
reference to the Ten Hours Bill, and also to other mea-
sures deeply affecting the operative classes. And of
Lord Wharncliffe the Deputation have to report that he
rendered them very valuable assistance by corroborating
several of their strongest statements from his own per-
sonal knowledge of the manufacturing districts.
GEORGE A. FLEMING.
JOSHUA HOBSON.
JOHN LEECH.
TITUS S. BROOKE.
MARK CRABTREE.

EDINBURGH AND GLASGOW RAILWAY.—..
On Friday, the 17th December, the Directors Made a
trip, preliminary to the -opening, which it is supposed
will take place on the Ist February.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.
INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, Jan. 5.
IN THE f MATTER OF WILLIAM BRETON.
Mr. WOODROFFE, on behalf of the insolvent, who had
been in very affluent circumstances formerly, and resided
I at Walham Cottage, i❑ the county of Devon, but who was
now reduced to the deepest distress, moved for the ap-
pointment of an assignee. The grounds on which he
founded his motion were, that a small property had be-
come available to his estate, and upwards of forty of the
creditors, compassionating his unfortunate reverses, had
signed a release from all demands, and petitioned that
Mr. Ford, who was a creditor for 1,5001., should be ap-
pointed assignee, in order that this property might be
appropriated to the old gentleman's use.
Mr. Commissioner BowEN said he should appoint the
assignee ; still he thought it possible that the few cre-
ditors who did not sign the document alluded to might
call upon him to account to them.