The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-20 00:00:00

THE SLTN, LONDON, TUESDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 20, 1842.

must, we apprehend, their iuferiority to the rest
of their countrymen be referred to a similar
origin. The notion of a tenant-at-will is that of
a dependant man, half a slave. The bulk of the
farmers of England are tenants-at-will and half
slaves. From the more ancient times—and the
fact seems not now to be altered—to escape from
the rountry.and to find a refuge in towns, was to
be emancipated froM the thraldom of the land-
lords. In the towns a man takes-part in electing
the Magistrates, or they are appointed by the
Cro7in ; in the. country the Magistrates are
those very landlords, whose • tenants-at-will the
'farmers are. In Scotland Atte squires or landlords
do not administer law as well as let land, andlhe
farmer there has,,in the Sheriff or his -Depute, a
means of defence against the squire, which every
farmer in England wants.
Down to a, certain period in our history, and

probably in the history of all Europe, the clergy
being the direct heirs of the knowledge of anti-
quity, both instructed and, to some extent, ,de-
fended the working agriculturist against the
squire. They did not need the aid of the law to
make good their rights and their claims; they
had an inherent power, which they directed
against the landlords ; but when the rest of the
community came to gather as much knowledge
as the clergy, when for the purposes of this lite
the vulgar had far surpassed their teachers, and
those teachers had to look to the law ex-
clusively for the defence of their property, the
clergy of necessity made common cause with the
squire, and both formed a league against the
farmer and labourer. In England, owing to the
great wealth of the Church, the pastoral office
is filled, as the rule, by the children of the
gentry; and the clergy have thus strong class,
as well as professional, motives for siding with
the gentry against the farmers.
In Scotland, the ministers are the children of

farmers, schoolmasters, and ministers ; and it'
they have to look to landlords as patrons, they
invariably cherish sympathies with the class

from which they spring. - Hence in Scotland the
farmers have, in an independent magistracy
and in a clergy not allied with the squires, two
elements of independence; and so have the
townspeople of England, which the farmers
of England want. By the union of
the powers of the magistracy with the
ownership of land, and the league be-
tween the landlords and the Priests, there is
realised in the agricultural districts of England
a complete and irresponsible tyranny, which
subdues, heart and soul, all who are under it. The
independent yeomen of England are, in truth
and fact, little better than mental slaves. Hence
their inferiority, till they emancipate them-
selves by a residence in towns.
To causes like these do we ascribe that general
want of energy, in our farmers, of which the
superiority of the Scotch is a sign.
Whoever has passed any time in our agri-
cultural districts must know that between
covenants or customs, jealously enforced by the
squire or his steward bet Ween payments
of rates and payments of wages—between the
meddling control' of the priest and the squire,
the farmer is a poor, dependent, worried man,
who has no mind or thought for anything,
but how to pay his rent, and keep on
quiet terms with his masters. No education
could, we believe, make them better farmers till
they become more independent men. How in-
dependence is to be conferred on them we will
not now inquire; but we are sure that the Corn-
laws, which always make them promise a larger
rent than they can pay, and which place them at
the mercy of the landlords, is one of the main
causes of their inferiority to the rest of their
countrymen.

.The clerical bigots of Dublin are making 'a
somewhat ludicrous tool of the Protestant Opera-
tives' Association. That very learned and de-
liberative body are made to publish an address
of several columns to the members of the Uni-
versity, to guide them MI6 selection of a can-
didate to represent the " Silent Sister" in Par-
liament. This, as SAM WELLER would say, is
" coming it rayther strong but the Dublin
Operatives are not the . boys,,to stick at trifles.
Armed with the Homiliei, the Thirty-nine
Articles, and headed by the Rev. 'Mr. GREGG,
they give the Roman Catholics such a slashing,
by way of setting the University an example of
the right way to go to work with Popery, as
must astonish the oldest heads in Trinity Col-
loge. Raving drubbed the POPE to their heart's
content, and all who do not verily and indeed
believe him to he ANTI-CHRIST, they put the
following pretty string of pithy queries to the
Members of the University :
"First—Shall idolatorS continue to desecrate the
proceedings of our Legislature—to concentrate the
forces of infidelity against the Church of Christ—to
raise the loud laugh against every appeal to the Word of
God—to render it impossible but that the State should
pander to their feoings in every ecclesiastical appoint-
ment ? _ _ _

" Secondly—Shall the national money be disbursed
to maintain an institution which not only inculcates
idolatry, but rears up men to be its propagators ?
"Thirdly—Shall men be pensioned as Chaplains in
the Army and Navy, in the gaols and workhouses, to
perform a worship offensive to God Almighty—to
destroy the souls which, as a Christian State, we should
labour to save ?
"Fourthly—Shall the National Board of Educa-
tion in Ireland--L-shall the Committee of Privy Council
of Education in England, say to the teachers of the
Youth of the nation, ; Ye shall neither expose nor de-
nounce idolatry—ye shall suffer it to be inculcated in
the minds of those who are deluded by it.'
"Fifthly----Shall the seat of justice be polluted by
men who are itlolators—who hold it as an obligation
paramount to every other to further the interests and
fulfil the will of their church—and who believe that
to do this is righteousness?
" Sixthly—Shall zeal for the truth of God continue
to be a disparagement in this Christian nation
shall the Protestant operative or tradesman who is '
rejected by the population because of his love of truth,
and to Britain, the land of truth, and of his desire to
raise up his own country to that noble condition
which truth alone can confer—shall his principles
find no preference in our Protestant State—shall he
be left by that State to pine when its honours and its
rewards are conferred upon the enemy ?"
It is expected, of course, that answers to each
and all of these questions will be duly returned,
signed by the Provost in the name and on behalf
of. the University. The range is somewhat dis-
cursive, but the V graduates of the hod and the
hammer are not remarkable far a strict appli-
cation of the rules of school logic. One slight
difficulty was 'overlooked by the Associated
Operatives in preparing these questions,
members
and that was to ascertain whether the
theof
than themselves. Universitysele3. couldlti s
answer
them better rather
too much too expect the eradication of the reli-
gion of seven millions of people from the zeal of
the heads of a College and a society of operatives,
with funds to no more than the modest amount
of twenty shillings and ninepence, including
fifteen shillings and sixpence magnanimously
subscribed by the Protestant Operatives of South-
wark; but it is-something to make the attempt,
something to revile and exasperate them, aufk
I make them feel as uncomfortable as possible.Aso

As regards the University election, about %vial;
the Protestant " boys" of Dublin are so anxious,
the Evening Mail says that the result of Mr.
HAMILTON'S canvass, assured to him in writing",
—presents a most decisive majority of the'
whole of the electors. Even the Irish Govern-
ment, then, is not enough to cope with
the bigots of the Dublin University. Mr. HA-
MILTON is pledged to oppose the Education grant
and the grant for Maynooth, and hence hispopu-
larity in the lrish scat of learning. But it will
not do. The neck of the old Tory party is
broken, and broken, too, by that darling of the
Irish Orangemen, Sir H. PEEL..

MORE BEAUTIES OF THE INCOME-TAX. Tl. e
Wills Indeiondent, speaking of Sir Robert Peel's et
Income-tax, says :—" On the very first day the returns
were made in Devizes, the contents of the schedules were,
known, and were the subject of common conversation."--;
This is a fine practical comment.on the Premier's decla-
ration that the Income-tax should be attended with no
unpleasant revelations, but that every man's business
secrets should be.maintained inviolate ! Here is another
instance of the working of this delectable impost :—" An
extensive proprietor of cottage tenements," says the
Leeds Times, " has at present one hundred and fifty
houses, for which he receives no rent whatever, forty-six

of them being empty. We believe, that owners of cot-
tage property generally have incurred heavy losses of
the same kind duritg the last six months. It will add
to the afflictions of these parties to find that they will
actually have to pay an Income-tax on the arrears due to
them, and which they may never receive."—To compel a
man to pay a tax, nat on that which he has got, but on
that which he has not got, and never may get ; in a
word, to screw three. palpable, substantial pounds, out of
an impalpable, non-existent hundred—this is a stretch
of ingenuity every way worthy of a Tory Premier. The
.old adage says, '.‘yoa can't take the breeks off a High-
lander ;" but Sir Robert Peel says you can, and hastens
to prove the fact by squeezing an Income-tax out of those
whose incomes is a deficit.

thorised under the provisions of the said treaty to =
make such seizure, and shall be afterwards con-
demned by any of the Commissioners appointed in
virtue of the treaty aforesaid, there wall be paid to the
captors the portion to which her Majesty is entitled,
such portion to be distributed in the manner herein-
after directed for the distribution of bounties on slaves
taken on board the said vessels. _

And it is further ordered that there shall be paid
out of the Consolidated Fund of the United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Ireland, to the commanders,
officers, and crews of her Majesty's ships authorised
to make seizures under the aforesaid treaty, a bounty
of five pounds' of lawful money of Great Britain for
every man, woman, and child slave seized and found
on board a British or Portuguese ship or vessel taken
and delivered over and condemned, in pursuance of
the provisions of the said treaty and of this oiler ;
such bounty to be issued and paid by order from the
Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury, and to be
distributed to and amongst the captors aforesaid, in
such manner and proportions as her Miijesty, her
heirs and successors' shall think fit to order and direct
by any Order or Orders in Council, or by any pro-
clamation or proclamations to be made for that
purpose.
And it is further ordered, that the said bounty, as
also all bounties payable under any of the Acts for the
abolition or suppression of the slave trade, shall not
hereafter be charged with Treasury fees or Exchequer
fees of any description.
And it is further ordered that any party or parties
claiming any benefit by way of bounty under the pro-
visions of this order, or of any share of the proceeds of
any Portuguese vessel confiscated in pursuance of the
provisions of the aforesaid treaty, shall or may resort
to the High Court of Admiralty for the purpose of
obtaining the judgment of the said. Court in that be-
half; and that it shall and may be lawful for the
. Judge of the said High Court of Admiralty to deter-
mine thereon ; and also to -hear and determine any
question of joint capture which may arise upon any
seizure made in pursuance of this order, and enforce
any decrees or sentences of the said Vice-Admiralty
Courts relating to any such seizure.
And it is hereby further ordered, that all the provi-
sions, rules, regulations, forfeitures, and penalties
r now in force, respecting the delivery by prize agents
of accounts for examination, and the distribution of
prize-money, and the accounting for and paying over
the proceeds of prize, and the per centage due thereon
to Greenwich Hospital, shall be and are hereby ex-
tended to all bounties and proceeds to be distributed
under the provisions of this Order to the officers and
crews of any of her Majesty's ships or vessels of war.
And it is hereby further ordered, that when any
seizure shall be made, or prosecution instituted as or
for the violation of any of the provisions of this Order,
and judgment shall be given against the seizor or pro-
secutor, or such seizure shall be relinquished by him,
it shall be lawful for the said Commissioners of her
Majesty's Treasury, if to their discretion it shall seem
meet, by warrant signed by any three or more of
them, to direct payment to be made out of the Con-
solidated Fund of the United Kingdom of Great Bri-
tain and Ireland, of such costs, damages, and ex-
penses as the said seizor or prosecutor may be liable
to pay in respect of such seizure, or any proportionate
part thereof ; and also such costs and expenses as the
said seizor may have incurred in respect of such
seizure.
And it is hereby further ordered, that if any of the
things specified in the article of the said treaty shall
be found on board any vessel which shall be detained
and brought before either of the said Mixed Commis-
sions, neither the master nor the owner, nor any per-
son whatsoever interested in the equipment or cargo
of the vessel, shall recover any compensation or
damages for such detention, although the said Mixed
Commissions should not pronounce any sentence of
condemnation. ,

And the Right Honourable the Earl of Aberdeen,
the Right Honourable Lord Stanley, two of her
Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, the Right
Honourable the Lords Commissioners of her Ma-
jesty's Treasury, and the Commissioners for executing
the office of Lord High Admiral of Great Britain,
are to give the necessary directions herein as to them
may respectively appertain.

IRELAND.

NATIONAL EDUCATION.-THE PRIMATE

DUBLIN, SEPT. 18.—Sufficient importance has not
been attached to the adhesion of the General Assem-
bly of the Presbyterian Church of Ireland to the na-
tional system of education. The last report pre-
sented to Parliament states that 400 schools connected
with the Presbyterian body in Ulster are receiving
aid from the Board. The Presbyterians, without
trenching on a single principle, have thus been en-
abled to avail theniselves of the funds voted by the
Legislature. This junction of so important and in-
telligent a body may be regarded as putting an end
to all chance of successful opposition to the national
system, originally proposed by Lord Stanley, and now
adopted by the present Ministry.
Under such circumstances the ultras and bigots' in
Ireland, whilst crusading against that system, are
only exposing themselves to public ridicule. The
struggle about to be made for Mr. Hamilton, in the
University of Dublin, has for its object resistance to
the national system of education, .and the grant to
Maynooth. The Primate, Lord John George Beres-
ford, is the leader of the Hamilton party. His
Grace, at the annual visitation of his arch-diocese,
held on Thursday in the cathedral of Armagh, re-
peated, in the presence, of upwards of three hun-
dred clergymen, his well-known opinions on the
subject of education, no doubt with a view of
fully impressing them upon his clergy, every
one of whom is an elector of the University.
Thus we find the Primate in Armagh, working very
practically against the Government in Dublin Castle.
The great fair of Banagher commenced on Thurs-
day. Sheep rated at from 4s. to ss. under the prices
of last year. The sellers dreaded a greater fall. It
is feared Ballinasloe will prove a very bad fair.
About five o'clock this morning a fire was disco-
vered in the extensive china and deli establishment of
Mr. Hill, Thomas-street, in this city. The house
and property were nearly destroyed before any alarm
was given, and the inmates had a very narrow escape
—if all of them have escaped. One man, who ap-
peared at an upper window, within reach of the
flames, was fortunately rescued by some people, who
bravely ventured upon the roof, and drew him up by
ropes. The house and all it contained were consumed ;
but, by great exertions, the flames were prevented
from extending.
BURNING OF A. NATIONAL SCHOOL-
HOUSE.

The Belfast Vindicator contains the following, from
which it appears that the denunciations against the
National Board have not been wholly unavailing :
•" A national school-house was burned in Culaleeky
in the course of the last month. The Commissioners
consented to continue to the master the salary, pro-
vided he could procure any house in which the chil—
dren might be accommodated. The owner of a house
which was promised to the master for this purpose,
received a threatening letter, informing him that his
tenement would suffer the same fate. The outrage
was investigated at the Ballymena Petty Sessions on
the 29th and 30th of August, but nothing tangible
could be elicited beyond the deposition of a witness,
that the threatening -notice was written in the hand,
of a certain person. In the course of the examina-
tion of witnesses; it appeared that in that district a
strong party prejudice prevailed against the National
Board; as being identified with Popery.' This is
passing strange, as the patron of the school is a
mi-
nister of that communion. The Government have
offered h reward of 201. for the apprehension of the
offenders."

COMMENCEMENT DAY.—The American papers re-
ceived by the Britannia steamer, state that this imposing
ceremony at New Brunswick, N.J., took place on
the 27th ult. The Mayor and Town Council, together
with the heads of Rutger's College, the several classes
of students, and the greater portion of the higher and
middling classes of inhabitants, amounting to near three
thousand, went in the usual procession to the Dutch
Reformed Church, when the labours of the .day com-
menced. After the degrees had been conferred, an
oration on the character of WiMerforce, together with
the valedictory, was pronounced by James Chipchase
(on whom the " first honour'? was conferred), of Rose
Hail, New Jersey, and the exercises closed with the
benediet by President Carnahan, of the College of New
Jersey. The. New York American observes of the
oration It was one of the most tasteful and elegant
performances of the kind to which we have ever listened
on kindred occasions. Elegantly written, imbued with
a sweet and lofty spirit, and chastely delivered, and pro-
nounced the best speech of the kind ever delivered on
that stage.?'
TIIF. SKIPPING INTEREST.—We hear loud com-
plaints of the depression which this interest, in common
with the other great interests connected with trade, is
now suffering. Freights from foreign ports, besides
being scarce, arc lower than they have ever been known
before ; while, at home, freights are not only low, but
cargoes with. difficulty made up. So scarce, indeed, is
employment for shipping, even at rates which will
scarcely pay freight and charges; the number of ships
laid upin Liverpool alone is beyond all past experience.
In most of the' docks there are unemployed vessels and
vessels on sale ; but the Brunswick Dock, large as it is,
has,.if not .two-thirds, certainly more than half of its
spacer occupied by ships of large tonnage with brooms,
the sign of being on sale, at their mast-heads. The west
side is wholly filled with tiers of vessels on sale, and on
the adjoining quay all trafflo has ceased, We have
heard it mentioned, that one firm alone has from ten to
.twelve thousand tons of shipping thus laid up.—Liverpool
Abion.
DIMIIPT COLLEGE ELECTION.—The Mail
states that the result of Mr. Hamilton's canvass-.assured
.to him in writing-,-presents a most decisive malorl:y in
his favour. One day's polling, the Mail adds, would
plane 11,.. Hamilton in a majority which no Government
candidate could approach ; but so richly—in the opinion
,ofthe Mail—does Lord Eliot deserve the drubbing he
would receive, that the Mail would, almost behold alp
withdrawfd of the Qroveruniet4 with
;Wet,

..teth 3;-,

StißiklißY OF NEWS

AND
Vtibitt Ptltioll.

" Who runs may read.'

FOREIGN.
Sunday's Paris journals publish Lord Ashburton:
treaty. Most make the mistake of considering Fag'
.
land to have ceded every point, right of impressn,rel;
the expediency of the right of search, I.kc. I"tbs
papers persist also in the error of imagining
right of search is a great political object wil the
British Government. The distorted vision oft of
French sees in it, not an act of humanity? effects
domination. Their whole arguments betray the eu.„:,
of this distorted, vision. Thus, La France exelaoo
iliat "England, feeling herself unable alone to up w it
:the supremacy of the sea," .has consented to share
with the United States. ' rsl
Some of the votes of the French Council-Gene no
of Departments are made known. The depart]
pn the borders of Switzerland complain that They
iron-foundries have greatly suffered this year. ll
attribute this to the introduction of English iron
the
that
to
the Rhine, tl a duty having been reduced 0010.
eastern frontier from. 66f. to 44f. per 17°°° ,dess
grammes—the treaty with Holland, and the pr°%cli
of steam navigation on the river, having als°,lthe
facilitated the means of transport. The Council °jay
Doulis demand the re-establishment of the, old
of 1836 on the frontier of the east. perch
A singular instance of the mode of appeal in viol
criminal trials has just occurred. , Langlois Was t Ilii
at Mitten for having suborned a person to fir.,,,ee 11 hat
father, who was wounded in the shoulder. P, ocl'
also attempted to poison his parent. The .i 11:.; 0
witted
,extenuating circumstances, and Langl°`s The
accordingly condemned to the galleys for life. ceo
Procureur-General appealed against the senteneo,
too mild, and Langlois was tried again at Fred il,
He was here condemned capitally, and exectl'oifto
Forges on the 14th. Notwithstanding the ,h- Of
crime of parricide, it does not harmonise w", 00
ideas to see a culprit, once spared by a tribmnueall
capital punishment, brought back and condeteed,
another for the same crrime, and finally exeente, ~iOl
With the Madrid mail of the 11th we have rt',4` ge
our usual supply of journals, but their contet 0'
wholly devoid of importance. The Pad/lino°
serts that the object of Senor Olozaga's miss
the north is not only to negotiate a treaty °to dlt
merce with Holland, but has also reference otO
marriage of Queen Isabella, who, according ' i
journal, is, to have a Coburg for husband. a sr
The insurrection in Servia has been planne,
carried into execution, it seems, for the rest ,s 0'
a Prince Milosch. Its leader was one of I'loo
Ministers. Prince Michael, and the other Ow de
of the Obrenowitsel faMar have been comple•te'
feated' and driven into exile.
Funzac OPINION., 041'
The Morning Post contains the following 0 .ofr
—" We cannot avoid once more adverting t°14.1.111'
ject noticed by us a few days since--the r6°, inset
tention of the authorities to permit foreign ''''',,,ive,,
pork to enter into competition with the 1)1r jo,
the United Kingdom, for the supply of Ptics Ai°
contract. Such a course we have no hesitaive cr,
again describing as no better than suicidal. : 2.,
' • t"
hardly think that even the free-trade leallin°- c°
which the country owes so many misfortunee3,
have so blinded the eyes, and perverted the r
of our Ministers."
i,, ill t•
The Chronicle in answer to some reraar%bser' (I
Spectator of Saturday, has the following "etiresJ
tions :—" Looking to the more important feBoo V/
Tory policy, we cannot get rid of the iimnptrhe!es,s,lo;
it is in most respects a poor plagiarism ''''sii,lo'
which went before it. If the change
scale is an improvement, the country is indebeu 11l
it to the Whig proposal of a fixed duty. 'lf tdoesP,
Government is good, it is so in as far as
L."' our codo';
undo the work of Lord Normanby. li °l-01 „,
mercial code has been made ,a shade less ah'iiiic'or;t
alteration was compelled by the force of puvl/01,4
nion which the Whig budget created. Sir•
IttillP;
Peel's mission, we are told, is to do. If s°';tl r;
be admitted that he exercises the function As''l;ll,lcit
economy ; we should rather have said that. 011'
sion was to profess, for that is a department In to
he shines." , .' acne:.
olvefft
The following is front the Times :—" 0
Sir Robert Peel thanks for what he has ao re
has done—events show that it is so—he-110 attet'ro
that could be done at the moment. A holde,n pa,
would have effected the disruption of his I.beleti
and that at a moment most critical for the //-1,61,,4
of the country. But we shall still hope t°
in his debt before we have done with hilll'stoc
has never been any one reason given for his. le; ,te
where he has done. Figures are not princ`Ph, rth
we have not yet heard any argument for t ti,{sl
cular figures composing the present
excepting that there they were. The scale
(V;
Cor-a...1
once ; there is no visible reason NOW it slay
solufely collapse. Duties have diminished affr
look to see them waste away yet a little Itler ff
WZ ONEY— TRADE —C 0 MIKE 0.40 -01
At Montrose the staple trade of the rhoiloa
ceived of late a considerable impulse; ann' 7 $.4
agitation in the manufacturing and mining ' • toi
would have been more extensive still. g"' '
or°l
At _Merthyr trade is now in, regular .., ca tY
it is said the discharged Chartists have " IV
getting employment. an- e°
The strike of the Shields' shipwriets,odoce'v,,!,
Sunderland mae b their employers to intr .citelee,ifi
from , have produced great e,sl dirtied'
and apprehensions of a riot. On SaturdaY tlected'
were under arms, and great crowds were c° ,
LAW AND POLICE. Aar, r'ote
William Dew, the footman to F. Barren:ooi"
of 5, Carlton Villas, Maida-hill, who secs afrall
tsconded with plate of considerable valne, v‘n.-slaer'',l6,
hended in Bristol, on Friday last, with nic,°-03 -
quantity of the property on his perso:f. .-".„8. 16
off to London in custody yesterday evening`,
William Jackson, a pc•arl-worker, was
ee ' Y
Guildhall yesterday with embezzling !none.", ',.
on account of his employer. He was rein '''
, 1
to.morrow. bit
Catherine Hearne, an Irishwoman, wOcwi , of
Union-hall yesterday with selling, 3Piri? ,an; 0;
license, during the hours of Divine serviceneic of
day. A mitigated penalty of' 25/. was ''' 05' fr
the prisoner, who, in default of payment' .
t
mated for three months to Kingston Gao,'fiiri,•ll"
0,1
The presentment made by the Grand i'f'" thees
late Ciuninal Court Session, complaining °l'svitlito ,
of Newgate being unnecessarily croWdea) of fli
victs, caused the removal yesterday, of lrfices Pitf
who were imprisoned, under various sen`e-hel
nishmant for terms of 7, 10, and 16 years; , 4
~
conveyed to the Hulks. .
~ ,„40',,
cotrikT—r.asurozrA33l.s' - A'''l
. • -

His Serene flighness Prince Esterhaq: 00

sador Extraordinaiy of Austria, leit Pover,
day, under a salute from the Castle. ,„)
The Marquis of Salisbury, Lord StriA' of ',1!1
Mr. Arbuthnot, havb been amongst the Dal'etv
lington's visitors at Walmer Castle, during
rt '
week. The •
Earl and Countess of Chester6el" ia
to embark for the Netharlands about tie !, .1
October, on a continental tour of four
Lord Campbell and family arrived in I-4°-
terday, from Antwerp. •
Lord and Lady Seaford arrived in At'" tl°
•
on Friday laSt, from Paris. •
Lord and Lady PrudhOe are to pas the ri`r
Alnwick Castle. • A to
Lord Vaux, of Harrowden, has rettirne" ,
dington Hall, Oxfordshire, frorn.a tour:, 3COII
• • mxscEmkasivEoyss•
. M. Anthin.ios, the formor Greek Patriare akif`
stantinople, died at Smyrna on the 27th
The use of cigars in Germany has, N"'llloretl7
two years considerably increased: this'll3:sl•WiY
augmented the demand for American'
Vountry.
tirU,„ r‘
The annual production of tobacco in -'lltsl43
eluding every country which produce sii"
(Austria and 'Turkey excepted), iS c`i-I-1. °,
113,900 hogsheads, of 1,2001b5. each, an" ;getfi
of Cuba,. Porto Rico, and South Americo; 1104e.'".
at 14,553 hogsheads, of which 12,000 are e;‘r
gfr
EX PRESS FROM F'"
• l•
e
PARIS) ipo he Y 1 ell
, ,
Letters have arrived from Congo lm ' YoliA
the 31st of August. Izzet °
Mabonlevt. ieri
Alismissod from the post of Grand. • . tht
Rada Pacha appointed in his st-ead• tt.
liulil Pacha is 'nominated Pl`e9ide,.°-qt
Superior Council of Jtistiee. 111
The Hatti Scheriff, dismissing A T
z- a tyro; 49
cause hiS incapacity to bring to, a g°° ea
tion the important negotiations entru6'
Tahir, it is thought, will also be
The Sultan himself has effected this
rial change, proppia mote. • 1 rti°
,
" POUNDS SHILLINGS,' AND PELAGE' 5 to
the author of a little book with this ""Itfe.
a simple plan for teaching mei,' itWerfric* eel)
few
concise
and
simple
rui:es the aniountli°o/
,0
numbers at fraetionol.
wlthout :ne aids of pen, ink, ani P rates can be inanle':vap °eri.tV2
tained,
Abstrusecalculations' are made in the tentrcithig 00,
oti!'?'
'arl:
''umber of figUres that are used the 0 In Cr~
of managing pounds, shillings, and Penc.e,i'desjiiiitill
ing-houses, or in any of the various
e
oitl
expeditious money calculations are an tit,:tb ,
ledge of Mr. Martin's system of arrivi!‘filt•e
of a given question must be found very "