The Sun.
London, England, 1818-01-15 00:00:00

•s ,•
rtic:o2nc t 3 ag3in iti‘....;014:11 into n'ettort. poni it
nimrifestly operated, in tin instanre recorded by
Religion would thinlit-
..
less have'been lost before this, had it not been
reduced towards, its Most principle by St. Fraud-s
and St. Dominic': who, hi:their- poverty; and
Christian-like examples, rtAtived it in the mindt
of. men, where it.- was -almost effaced ;- athd pre-
, veiled, that. the loosertess • and di nrlvity 'Of the
Prelates and Cardinals did' *tot ruin- it : For
men, seeing them live in that indigence and
poverty, by confessing their sins to them, 'and
hearing them preach., began to reat» meeknesS,
charity, and obedience.' In this instance, we set
the prineißle was. overwhelmcd, but hot extin-
guished.
" But where the principles of rational Pro-
testantism are borne down by opposite manners,
there the pokver.of these ruling mantiers tends
not only to overwhelm the effects of the National
principle, but to destroy the principle itself; • For
reason is easily betrayed or corrupted by passion,
and where-rational principle is not rooted in some
opposite passion of eiptal strength with. that
which bears it clown* as soon as reason is cor-
rupted, the principle is of course extinguished and
lost. The present state of our own country is a
lamentable instance of this truth,

" Needi point out the particular tendency and
end of these reasonings ? It is plainly this : :that
if•we regard man as that weak creature which.lie
always bath been, is, and will be ;• as a creature
often led by passion, and seldom by reasoni
there is manifestly. an inequality of force in these
two species of religion. Their genius is essentially
opposite : Protestantism calmly presents herssff
to the reason, Popery seizes the passions of man--
kind : And hence, modern. Popery set against
►nodern •I'rotestantistn, is in danger of over-
whelming it.

It maybe objected against this argoment, and
is frequently maintained, that although the vulgar
are led blindfold by Popish superstition, yet States.
men tire not its dopes, and therefore it is to be re-
garded as a mere creature of the Stare, and sub-
servient-to the views of policy. lit reply to this,
• let it he
_considered, fit st, 't hat althoo'gh statesmen.
are often contemners of the rdigion of their
cotintry, yet they are not always so : Secondly,
suppose them to be of this turn, yet, in Popish
countries, the Priutes are generally, soperstitions,
.and -will therefore often sway the councils of the
State, wheie they haVe spirit and action: Thirdly,
they are altogether unacquainted with the foonda--
thins of politics, who know not, that the-religion
-of every country will always strike its titling co-
lours deep into the politics of the Country, in spite
all•the statesmen in the world: And lastly,
thare'Ven where superstitiotris made. the dope of
ambition, and schemes of -policy, even there it is
the most .piu,verful engines to working up
the body of, the people to carry into effectual exe-
cution those very schemes which perhaps were
planned by atheism. The objection 'thereof is
Futile ; and founded in a total ignorance of true
politics and known nature.
To convince the protestant world, how much
reason there is at present for a genital watchful-
ness and onion in this regard, let us confirm what
hat It been here said,nn the different. gen'as ('t the
two religions, by a short view •of the present state
of Britain, America, amid the European Continent.
" With regard to our own count; y, the principles
of Protestantism have lost their influence: insn,,
much, that it is no injustice 'to the higher raoks
'of this kingdom to say, that the 111Jin'securimy of
the Church ariseth trom• its alliance with the
State. There is now among the Great such a
general indifference and supineness in, not to say
contempt of, every thing that regards religion
only, as may well alarm those few who look for-
ward to posterity. How different a state of•feli-
tion is-this from that which prevailed in the reign
of Elizabeth ? When, as liolingbrokelustly ob-
serves, the lletormation was established, not
only in outward form, but in the hearts of men.'
How different from that which prevailed.at the
grand period of the Abdication of James the Se-
cond ? IVhen Protestant principle took the lead,
even of the spirit of civil liberty, and effected the
most glorious rCvolution that hiStory bath re-
corded ; a revirlution,. which might justly be
styled religious rather than political. That'great
religious spirit, which at these illustrious periods
shone so bright, is now quenched in darkness, and
the world beholds the consequence.
"On the other hand, the-zeal of Popery, in
this kingdom, is active, is indefatigable. Its very
state of separation tends naturally to this effect..,
The reasons assigned above, arising from its pitr.
tiettlar genius, maintains its influence. The Priests
are assiduous, front principle, in. inking prose-
lytes, and itt urging their party to make them.
There is, at present, a gentleman in the West- of
England; who openly gives five pounds to every
nelson who becomes a proselyte 'to the. Roman
_Church, and the additional bribe Orli :.'ionth-iy's.
dinner, for every such person that attends Alas.
Allurements of the saute kind are known to pre-
vail in 'cost parts of the kingdom, and among
those of the highest- rank, though not so openly
(it:dared. • The Papists seem to approve our
ty, in thus supinely letting the laws sleep. In the
mean time their it timbers increase. But can 'a
nation use its eyes, and not see, that they uti'sst
secretly deride our folly ? Especially when we re-
flect farther, that they have at their head (1735)
a pretender to his Majesty's Throne and King-
don's, who regards the inhabitants of this.nation,
nor as ills subjects, but his cattle. Who cloth 110‘t
see the:, by this blind neglect, or, if you please,
this, mistaken lenity (which by the way ariseth
onefrom our generosity, but our contempt of reli-
gion and the public \%eltare), we, are treasuring
tip a hidden and dreadfol Mine, which, tin the
first occasion given, will blow up the Constitu-
tion both in Church and State ? •

" The Writer bath no personal pique to the
Gentlemen of the Popish faith ; t7t, the contrary,
he knows many of them to he, in private life, of
amiable and respectable characters. lie is far
from pres!:ining to deny even-the merit of their
„intentions in a yeligii-ms regard : fur there is no
doubt bot,good intentions inay exist in every reli-
gious sect. He hopes, therefore, they will put
the same c-haritible•construction on his inten-
tions, while he lays open the genius and tenden-
cies of their systeni of belief.. lie .is far front
mcaniug to revive tartuinary laws : yet these

t :
C-X,C11,-T ktln tin the
flltlrir pliueiples (It their Chuirh, he fveriv. ex-
,,htt _urges the dangers that threatkii his
count! v:

'Midi regard to the 'st-ite of Popery and' Oro-
testantism on the ContiiceOt 'of tlmerica, ;this is
no less disco-nraging to the true Protastant. The
difYrrent genius of the tieo -Systems operates with
the saute Universality mu! pofvet. The Papists
are zealons, watchtid, arid• assidoOns ; the Pro-
test ants are cold, imlifferent; and neglectful. 11. he
Spatoiar:ls, in course of tithe, Will haVe con-
verted one half of the vast Soto he'rn Confiner-it,
and murdered the other. The French join policy
to Zeal ; or rather make zeal subser-Vient- to po-
licy. They reason, they persuade, they caj,de,
they terrify the poor Insliun Nation's ; Aind by every
in;:ans of rrtroh, ,or falsehood; draw them over to
their party. The conduct of the English is the
reverse of all this. Doubtless many of our Mis-
'sionaries are we,rthy men : but it must be acknow-
ledged, as the natural effect and defect of the Pro-
testant system, that they'are not generally inipel-
kd by zeal, and:compelled by necessity, to visit
these remote and inhospitable regions. In the
mean time, the inhabitants of our Colonies are,
like ourselves, given up to views of gain atid plea-
sure: the state of religion is totally disregarded ;
its dictates and principles derided. and thrown off.
7•h tic Popery advances with 'dreadful strides,
while Protestantism lies immersed in indolence and
sleep. , '
" Let us next consider the state of theftwo reli-
gions systems on the Continent.
" In the United Provinces, we shall see their
contrary genius exerting itself; as if the portrait
here given of each had been drawn from hence..
There are. very great numbers of Roman Catho-
lics in • the United Provinces, not withstanding
their religion, as sir. Willfarri Temple observes', is
;lin immediately protected by thelaws of the Re-
public. The same author has assigned the reason
of this ; which is, that the States bel,eve the Ro-
man Catholic R'eligion most Make men bad Sub-
jects, while it teaches then; to neknowledge.a to- •
reign power superior to that , under which they
live : and accordingly they haVe Made several 're-
nal laws to prevent the growth of it. But as each
province bath teserved to hersell-the liberty of re-
gulating religion ',xi; hitt her own jurisdiction,
t hese. penal laws-on he States General have never
been put in exeeution In Holland especially
;wither prudence nor policy would permit them to
rXeinde SO large a hotly us the lionien,Critholies
opt of. the general toleration : and accordingly
they are very numerous is the great towns'ot that
province, where the Magistrates give them an'
equal protection with other Diisenters. At Am-
sterdam, they have not fewer than 24 chapels.
There are great numbers of the same communion
itt Rotterdam, and several other cities y Ault they
are Most numerous in. the tillages; intintunchthnt
a miller, smith,
.or any other mechanic,' befng
I'lotestant ; is sure to be a beggar it be settles in
the country; for the Priests never tail to enjoin
their whole communion to neglect ThiS
perhaps may seem strange to the English reader,
who eonsiders Holland as a refortned.eountry; and
-prificii,al bulwark of the l'eotestant Ret giuts: but
I speak upon g:roil grounds; and, alitungst many
proofs Which I might bring, of the'trtith (4... what
advance, I choose to ins•aoce the rerMinStrance
made to the States General in 1725, by the Depu-
ties of-the General. Synod, who represented the
•growth of Popery in the most pathetic terms ;
and atfirined, that since, the year 1650, the num.
her of Roman-Catholics in the seven provinces
Was increased :three hundred and fitty thousand,
of'which they had autlientic proofs.'

" Thus the love of gain hat!) worked as power-
fally towards the increase of Popery in Holland,
as the love of pleasure and disipation bath done
in linghind Conformable to thepiineiples laid
down in the fitst volume.

[To be concluded to-morrow. 3

CORONER'S INQUEST.

THE LATE DUEL.

Yesterday morning, at nine o'clock, a Coro-
ner's inquest was held at the Load of liay, [Liver-
stock-hill, upon the body of Lieutenant E,lnuttut
Bailey, 'who was shot on Monday Morning in a
duel will) Mr. Theodore O'Callaghan. An ac-
count of this mylancholy catastrophe has been
already presented to the public in detail, conse-
qUently it will be unnecessary to lay belore our
:readers any of those facts which were developed in
the former evidence.

Mr. Adams was the first witness examined, and
he confirmed his former testimony, adhering' to
the eSsential• points. In coming to that part
where Mr. O'Callaghan went to ilampste..:l for
a for the deceased, the Coroner (Mr.
STIRLING) asked what Mr. O'Callaghan's rela-
tive situation was

Me. Noel, who is Solicitor to all the prisoners,
and Who ;mended to wa►ch the proceedings of the
Inquest, observed," As it will turn out that Mr.
O'Callagh in is a principal, it may be as well to
Inention it in this stage of the investigation."-

Adanis..-1 believe so. •
Coroner.—Was Mr.'lVCallaghan the man who fired' the
shot by which the deceased Idl ?
Mr. AdAnia.-4 understand so, from the situation of the
parties.
Mr. AiLme, in addition, stated, that while the deceased
was lying oil the sofa, and was sensible.he could not survive,
he called (;Tallagban to hint, find request hint to fate his
right hand (for it appeared quite dead. and useless to -Wll)
and shake bands with Into. He did so, and the deceased 1;,FI
hint that he forgave him, and said, every thing had been
conducted in the most honourable way. The (keens-ea then
asked hits, if it had been his (O'Callaghan's) case;:would he,
have done the same by hint ? •
o'Callaglian replied, " Yes, my dear fellow, I certainly-
would, and I wish I had liren wounded itt the room of !,o4::
I telt your first ball about nty legs (oc something to that pun-
pose), and I wiSli it !,ad taken t fleet:" - '

, •
[The tact was, that it Sari .-ofte.throttglf both tht legs OF
trot,ovis, tintli,Nrougli,one,boot."., •• •
Phelan, the friend of the deceased, went to town sit
the request of the &ceased to exccut.: some .com;oiFions fo#
hint,' hut r,tot•i,d after the death of de:tease& fend surren-
dered himself to the peace otlicer..
tortmer.—Who stood opposite to each other ?
Mr. Adams.-1 have tiottst but they were•O'Callughan
and Bailey, as they were ism dark grergfent, estatst the othi.fs,
Were in hiue.i I•have• no ,dititht .th-at they were-the, persons
whostood.in oppositionlo each other, as I,,stxtv the binotie
ascend from them.

Cu:•oner.--Did .vo-u st.e any pißtnl3?'
Alv. Adams.--I 'LW saw. them on my table. I