The Sun.
London, England, 1829-11-30 00:00:00

ADDITIONAL ARTICLES.

PROPOSED BY TICE SPANISH GENERAL.-If any
Spanish forces belonging to the division of General Bar-
radas should arrive at this port, they will be prevented
from landing, and this Convention shall be made known
to them.
PROPOSED BY THE MEXICAN GENERAL. Gene-
rals, Commanders, Officers, and troops, who belong to the
division of Barradas, solemnly promise never to return, nor
take up arms against the Mexican Republic.
(Signed and ratified as before.)

General BARRADAS had embarked with six
of his officers on board a small schooner bound
to the Havannah. General SANTA ANNA left
Tampico in the British packet for Vera Cruz
on 19th September.

The following are extracts from German
Papers received this morning:—

ODESSA, NOV. 4.

The plague, which lately manifested itself here
anew, did not pass the 31st October, Nov. 1,2, and
3, the limits within which it was confined by the
measures adopted by the Magistrates. Since then
no other house has been closed. Of the persons
who were placed in quarantine, partly with sym-
ptoms of the plague, partly as suspected, seven
have died, and one has fallen sick. Besides this, a
woman died on the 28th October, with suspicious
symptom,,, in one of the closed houses, in conse-
quence of which 18 persons who lived with her are
placed under temporary observation, and two, whose
cases are more auspicious, in the lazaretto in the
port. The Magistrates take all possible precautions
to hinder dangerous communications in the interior
of the town, and have issued very detailed regula-
tions for that purpose.
We learn from the quarantine at Dubossary that
the plague has made no further progress.

LEIPSIC, NOV. 18.

General attention is excited by a liberal article,
published in the Bee yesterday, viz " An Address
of the Saxon people to. their King, on the opening i
of the Diet for this year."
This article, which severely criticises the anti-
quated lumber of many of our institutions, is said to '
have been written by the late Dr. Tschirner. A
note of the Editor informs us that this address was
to have been presented in the year 1820 to the late
King, Augustus, which, however, was then pre-
vented, and it is therefore now published. The cir-
cumstance that this Address examines into anti-
quated
prerogatives of the nobility, the corporation,
even the Royal household, and that real defects are
frankly, though respectfully blamed in it, may very
probably cause the Bee to be deprived of its sting.,
as certain titled persons at Leipsic express them-
selves, that is to say, it may be either prohibited or
placed under rigorous censorship at Leipsic.
Those, however, who love the country beyond
every thing, hope and pray that the good
and just King may hear the voice of generous
openness, respect, and truth, and he will doubtless
honour it, for as his own actions and his own will
are open and benevolent, the supplications of a faith-
ful people may be confidently laid before the throne.
The appointment of the Minister of State, Baron
Von Lindenau, to the post of President of the
Chamber of Commerce, revives the hope that
Saxony may join in the Prussian tariff.
LOWER ELBE, NOV. 14.
The restoration of peace in the East has evi-
dently left a great void in the political discussions of
the day ; it is probably for the purpose of filling it
up, that so much is said of alliances which are re-
presented as being under discussion, or even already
concluded, between certain Courts. In this light
we may probably view the statement that a conven-
tion is ready for signature between England and the
Scandinavian kingdoms, which does not relate merely
to the regulation of commercial interests. The
visit of the Swedish Charge d'Affaires at the Court
of London, too, and the frequent exchange of
couriers between Stockholm, Copenhagen, and
London during the last few weeks, are alleged as
facts confirming the statement in question.
We do not pretend to see farther into such things
than others ; but it may be worth while to ask what
objects these powers may have in view by a special
alliance, under present circumstances.

The following communication has been re-
ceived this morning from our Paris correspondent:

" PARIS, NOV. 18.

" A statistical work of very great value, from the
acknowledged accuracy of its details, of which the
French capital is the subject, has just appeared un-
der the immediate superintendance of the Count de
Chabrol,'the. Prefect of the Department of the
Seine, who is understood to have devoted his con-
stant personal attention to the subject during the
fifteen years which this department has been under
his administration. The Count takes credit to
himself for the merits of the work in the following
terms : If the various objects and the extent of
" the collection be considered, it will, I believe, be
" acknowledged that no country Las ever furnished
" an accumulation of administrative details so varied
" and so complete. I think it is well calculated
" to remove all the errors arising from ignorance
" of facts, to suggest useful views, and to form
" reasonable opinions on all subjects connected with
" public affairs.
Many of the facts disclosed in these volumes,
four of which have now been presented to the pub-
lic, will strike the English reader as somewhat ex-
traordinary. For instance, there were born in Paris
' during the year 1826, the last to which the tables
apply, 29,970 children, of whom 19.168, some-
what less than two-thirds, were born in wedlock ;
and the same year, while the total number of deaths
amounted to 25,341, 15,647 of them, or more than
three-fifths, took place in the public hospitals. The
number of deaths in hospitals, as compared with
those which take place in private houses, appears to
be constantly increasing. On the average of the
four years, immediately preceding 1826, it is as
eight are to -fifteen. And in regard to marriage,
it is a general inference from the whole of the
tables, that every fourth person you meet in Paris,
is a bastard. _ .

" Suicide seems also to be making alarming pro-
gress. In IS2I there were 28, iu 1825 and 26,
the numbers had risen successively to 40 and 49.
It is the same with deaths arising from accidental
violence. For the three years in question, they are
679, 712, and 810.
" As to natural deaths, the year 1825 was re-
markable for the ravages of the mull-pox, the

number of victims having risen from 250 and 260,
the usual number, to 2,193, as if the practice of vac-
cination had been abandoned. But if neglected for
a time, the solicitude of parents had no doubt been
awakened by the danger, as it appears that the num.
ber of gratuitous vaccinations, which in 1824 was
only 1,620, had risen during this unfortunate year,
1825, to 3,047, and was maintained at 3,013 dur-
ing the following year, although the evil had then
ceased. It is shown also by the tables, that the
small-pox is chiefly formidable to children of from
one to three years of age.
" During the years alluded to, the number of
births exceeded that of deaths by 13,184, from
which a corresponding increase of population might
be inferred ; but the elements of a population com-
posed like that of Paris are so numerous, so
complicated, and so fluctuating, that it is ex-
tremely difficult to establish a datum on which
perfect reliance can be placed. Thus to speak
only of one cause of error, of about thirty thou-
sand children born every year in Paris, from 6 to
7000 are condemned by nature to die within fifteen
months of their birth ; and for the most part it is
not in Paris, but with nurses in the country that
they die, and that their deaths are verified. On
the other hand, there arrive every year from the
country and the provincial towns a number of in-
dividuals of mature age and strength, whose births
do not appear in the Paris records, and who on an
average attain to a good old age.
" It is necessary in France, on account of a va-
riety of administrative operations, to have a fixed
and precise measure of the population of each
town and district, so as to maintain a certain de-
finite proportion with other towns and districts, and
the real uncertainty as to the fact is supplied by a
legal fiction, approaching as nearly as possible to
the truth. For the present the legal population of
Paris is 890,431.
" There are then nearly 900,000 individuals
whose daily subsistence is to be insured, who are
to be supported in weakness and solaced in misery,
whose conduct is to be watched over, and their dis-
orders repressed, and who are to be protected and
defended against each other, and their state and
condition guaranteed from their birth to their burial.
" For the cure of souls there are 577 priests, but
it is said that the number ought to amount to 764.
The means of education appear to be ample and
extensive. For primary instruction there are eighty
charity schools, attended daily by 12,000 children
of either sex, besides 403 elementary schools, some
gratuitous to the number of 112, the rest not gra-
tuitous, but containing collectively, 25,582 scholars.
For instruction in the second degree, there are seven
colleges and 118 boarding schools for boys, in which
there are 7,669 scholars; and 329 boarding schools
for girls; in which there are 10,240 scholars. In
the higher branches of education there are twenty
public establishments, the greater part of which are
maintained at the expencee of the State, in which
instruction is given by 317 professors, and received
by 17,813 students. Thus instruction of various
kinds is distributed daily to 73,222 young persons,
amounting to about one-twelfth of the whole popu-
lation of Paris.

" On the other hand, to maintain order and security
among this population there ate 11 prisons, in which
arc constantly detained, for longer or shorter periods,
about 3,400 malefactors or other offenders against
the laws. To this number must be added the pro-
portion sent by Paris to the galleys at Brest, Tou-
lon, and Rochfort, making an annual contingent of
about 200 convicts.

" The public hospitals of Paris receive annually
from 55,000 to 60,000 sick, and provide for from
18 to 20,000 foundlings, who receive immediate
attention in the hospitals, and are from thence sent
to the country to nurse. These hospitals also pro-
vide for from 20 to 25,000 paupers, whether old
and decayed, or young and infirm, assuring them
food, clothing, and shelter for the rest of their days.
They receive also the insane to the number of about
800 per annum, the men being to the women in the
proportion of about 350 to 450.
" We are informed also, by the researches of M.
de Chabrol, that there was consumed at Paris,
during the year 1826, 81,250 oxen, 13,368 cows,
74,533 calves, 402,717 sheep, and 90,830 swine,
making altogether, 108,500,000 pounds of meat,
and affording something less than six ounces to each
individual per diem.
" The taxes paid by the inhabitants of Paris to
the Public Treasury are as follow :

Domain, Registration, or Land Tax 24,406,691
Customs and Salt Tax
Indirect Taxes, nearly equivalent to our

Excise 24,504,221
Post-office
Lottery 6,975,877
Direct Taxes, nearly equivalent to our

Assessed Taxes 23,377,137
Produce of the Tax on Gaming Houses 5,500,000

Total 91,758,219
equal in sterling money to about 3,670,0001. From
this statement it appears that Paris alone pays ra-
ther more than one-tenth of the whole taxes of
France, and that its inhabitants pay, one with an-
other, 103 francs, or about 41. per annum, to the
Public Treasury, which is fully three and a half
times as much as the proportion paid by the rest of
the inhabitants of France, whose public contribu-
butions are found, by these tables, to amount only
to 28 francs, 4 centimes a-head. :In addition to these
public taxes, Paris levies of its own inhabitants a
local or municipal lax, called an octroi, amounting
to about 25,000,000 of francs, or 1,000,0001. ster-
ling, which, divided among 900,000 inhabitants,
gives 27 francs, 70 centimes a-head, so that the ac-
cessory tax in Paris is nearly equal to the whole
amount of individual contributions in the depart-
ments.

A calculation founded on the statements in these
columns makes the annual expenditure of the popu-
lation of Paris amount to 894,034,193 francs or
about 35,760,0001., which gives 1020 francs, 98
centimes, or rather more than 401. a head, as the
annual expenditure of each individual, out of which
he pays something more than twelve per cent. in
public taxes and municipal contributions.
The fourth of these volumes contains also a great
number of tables regarding the meteorology of the
atmosphere of Paris during the years 1824, 25, and
26, with the state of the waters of the Seine, and
the amount of river navigation during these years;
also a statement of the productions of the soil in the
neighbourhood of Paris, a view of Parisian industry,
and a variety of details as to the extent of the new
buildings in the capital, from the year 1821 to the
year 1826, explanatory of the causes by which si-
milar works have been interrupted and diminished
since the latter period.
" A fifth volume is promised by M. de Chabrol,
which, besides the annual documents relating to
changes in the population, will contain a variety of
facts interesting to the agriculturist, particularly in
the horticultural department, to conclude with an
abstract of the administrative history of Paris since
the period of the restoration."

The repugnance of the inhabitants of Car-
diganshire, and other counties in 'Wales, to the
improvements about to be introduced into the
system of Welsh Judicature, would lead us to
believe they cannot be aware what those im-
provements are, did we not know the amount of
stupid prejudice that exists among persons liv-
ing at a distance from the metropolis, or any
provincial centre of civilization, against any
change
in
to national institutions, however ill cal-
culated the ends for.which they were
designed. T. divide Wales into two or three
Circuits, in each of which justice may be
admi-
nistered by tin Judges at the same pe-

riods, with the same regularity, and with the
same allowance of time for the business, as is the
case throughout EHgland, will be a most obvious
improvement upon the present system of Welsh
Judges, (to look for perfection in whose legal
attainments would heretofore have been as idle
as to expect flesh and blood in a Welsh rabbit),
and upon the hurried and unsatisfactory manner
in which the Welsh Circuits have been des-
patched after the English Assizes had termi-
nated. Without making individual comparisons
between the Judges of the King's and those of
the Welsh Courts, there is, at all events, an im-
propriety in the same person being alternately
Judge and Counsel ; and one or both of these
circumstances seems to have operated so strongly
upon the greater part of the Welsh Attornies,
that it is a well-known fact that the Cause Lists
of Shropshire, Herefordshire, and the other ad-
joining counties, are burthened constantly to an
oppressive and unfair degree with the Welsh
issues, in which the parties avail themselves of the
option they enjoy of trying the causes before an
English Judge and Jury. If, therefore, already a
great portion of the Welsh civil business is dis-
posed of on the Oxford Circuit, it is an addi-
tional reason for laying small stress on the com-
plaints of those who abuse the English Juris-
prudence with their mouths, whilst they use it,
so far as they can, in their practice.

The Celtic race, of which the Welsh form a
part, are proverbially litigious. Education and
intercourse with their neighbours have of course
removed to a great extent the nationality of the
higher classes, but there are few countries in
Europe where the labours of the schoolmaster
are more needed than in Wales. That the
country should have been annexed to England
ever since the reign of EDWARD 1., and that
the English language should at this day be so
very partially diffused, speaks but little for the
degree of civilization to which the Welsh have
arrived. It is a joke to talk of Welsh literature :
it exists only in pedigrees.
If the law in force in Wales be essentially
the same as in England, there can be no good
reason why its administration should be diffe-
rent. Our judicial system may be far from per-
fect, but one principal ingredient in the excel-
lency of the law of any country is its uniformity,
and its equal operation on the inhabitants of all
provinces and districts. The Courts of Great
Sessions in Wales, and the Palatine jurisdic-
tions of the counties of Durham, Lancaster, and
Chester, are anomalies fertile in inconveniences
and expenses, and which ought to be merged in
the supreme authority of the Courts in West-
minster Hall. In the feudal times the admini-
stration of justice was considered a part of the
Royal prerogative, which might be assigned in
parcels to the aristocracy, to be exercised at their
good pleasure, pretty much like the tolls and
other privileges which were also given them by
separation from the prerogatives of the Crown.
The national benefit was then little looked after,
for the time had not yet arrived when Sovereigns
were heard to make the declaration pronounced
by more than one Monarch of the House of
Hanover—" that the Crown was a trust to be
held and exercised for the welfare of the
people." But now, when the principles of
jurisprudence are beginning to he understood,
when we see statesmen and lawyers busily en-
gaged in endeavouring to remodel various
branches of our municipal law, and that very
important changes have been already effected,
the progress of reform cannot be stopped by the
opposition of ignorance or self-interest, whether
it proceed from Wales or England. The
jurisprudence of every country should be adapted
to the state of society it is intended to govern ;
and standing, as we do, at the confluence of more
streams of knowledge than ever since she world
began, flowed into the channel of civilization, it
would indeed be our shame and reproach among
nations,if we did not avail ourselves of the multitude
of our means to bring our laws nearer and nearer
to that standard of perfection of which the model
is that universal law of nature, " whose seat is
the bosom of GOD, whose voice is the harmony
of the world ; to which all things do homage,
the very least as feeling her care, the greatest as
not exempted from her power ; all with uniform
consent admiring her as the mother of their
peace and joy."

There have been no arrivals at the Government
Offices this morning, with the exception of the
customary ones from Paris and Brussels.

It is very currently reported that the Duke of
WELLINGTON and Lord ABERDEEN'S visit to Woburn
Abbey, has for its object a junction of the present Admi-
nistration, with the leading and most influential Members
of the Whig party.
The Duke and Duchess of CLARENCE en-
tertained a select party to dinner on Saturday, at their
residence in Bushy Park.

The Earl of ABERDEEN left town yesterday
afternoon on a visit to the Duke of BEDFORD, at Woburn
Abbey, Bedfordshire. Previous to his departure, the
Russian Ambassador bad an interview with the Noble
Earl at Argyle House. The Duke of WELLINGTON and a
select party were expected to arrive at Woburn Abbey
yesterday, to have a few days' shooting.
The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER ar-
rived in town yesterday, from a visit to Mr. BINGHAM
BARING, at his residence, at Brandon, in Norfolk, where
the Right lion. Gentleman had been staying during the
last few days, in company with the Duke of WELLINGTON
and a select party.

The Duke of GLOUCESTER IS expected
shortly to visit the Marquis of SALISBURY, at his seat at
Hatfield, Hertfordshire, where a grand entertainment is to
be given.
The French Ambassador and the Spanish
Minister had interviews with the Earl of ABERDEEN on
Saturday, at the Foreign Office.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.-(THIS DAY) .•

COURT OF KING'S BENCII.

f

DILLON V. LANGLEY: , •
This was an action against the late sheriff of the cousti
of York, by the assignees of a bankrupt, named Thoto
Jefferson, who had carried on the business of a bar"
dasher at Pickering, in that county. The whole quest°
turned on the date of the Act of Bankruptcy. The se'
tion was brought to recover the amount of certain effee°
belonging to the bankrupt, which were taken in Wee"
tion by an officer of the sheriff, under a writ of execution,
A verdict was ultimately taken by consent for the
plaintiff—Damages, 8101., subject to the oOlion of the
Court upon the case.

ROLLS COURT.
The MasTER of the ROLLS sat in the Rolls Court, ja
Chancery-lane, to-day. Upwards of one hundred an,d
fifty town and country Solicitors were sworn in before his
Honour. The Court wis occupied the whole morrun.g.
with hearing petitions, none of which possessed any pubil'
interest.