The Sun.
London, England, 1842-12-22 00:00:00

AFFGH AN WAR.

Mr. SALONIONS rose to bring forward the motion of
which he had given notice, relative to the Affghan war,
more:particularly with regard to the expense attending
that war. He was now enabled to bring it forward
under happier auspices, than he could have done at
the lust Court. Now, instead of having to Aide to
the desertion of Caubul, he could refer with plea-
sure to the successes of our arms in that country,
and to the adoption of a line of policy, which sepa-
rated us for ever from any further connexion
with Affghanistan.—(Hear.) any
eongratuated the
Court on the adoption of this line of policy. The
Hon. Proprietor then passed a high eulogium on the
conduct of the troops under the command of Generals
Nutt and Pollock, and more particularly the glorious
defence of Jellalabad, by Sir Robert Sale, to the
conduct of whose heroic lady a great part of our
successes inignt be attributed. It was impossible to
bring forward his motion without alluding to the
achievements of that army, and he congratulated the
Court of Directors and the British army on
the successes which that army had achieved.
He also congratulated the Court and the country on
the change of policy which had taken place. The
policy of Lord Auckland was a great blunder, and it
was to the honour of the present Government that
they had changed it. He was opposed to what
had seemed to be the policy of the Directors
for some years past, namely, to submit
in everything to the Executive Government- They
should, therefore, review the conduct of the Court of
Directors, and of the Board of Control, in under-
taking this war. He was glad the policy
was abandoned, although he did not ap-
prove of the terms on which that change of policy
had been announced by the Governor-General.
The war was one of a European character, and it
was necessary to know if the Directors had taken
those measures for the protection of the natives of
India. It was necessary that they should know all the
protests made against the war, and also what were the
r instructions of the Secret Committee to Lord A uckland.
lie knew that political questions ought not to be
lightly entertained by this Court, but in a question of
this nature it was the duty of the Court of Proprietors
to interfere, as that Court was better fitted for the
discussion of such questions than Parliament ;
and notwithstanding the war was at an end,
the policy on which it had been undertaken ought
to be discussed ; for if it had been undertaken for
European objects, the whole expense of it ought not
to be thrown upon India alone, It was their duty to
watch narrowly the finances of India. In two years
the revenue of India, had been deficient five millions,
and judging from what took place at the close of the
Burmese war, there would be every probability of
that deficit increasing. He moved that there be laid
before the next Court a statement of the expense of
the Affghan war, an account of all loans raised to
cover the expenses of that war, and also a copy of the
protest of Dlr. Tucker, and any other Director, against
the war.
Mr. LEWIS seconded the motion.

The CiwrimAN objected to lay the accounts at pre •
sent before the Court, because they could not pos-
sibly be yet made out accurately ; when they could
be so made out there would be no objection to laving
them before the Court. There had been one "loan
raised redeemable at five per cent., to v Lich 3,800,0001.
had been subscribed, and he thought there were ho
reasons why further subscriptions should be received.
Ile certainly objected to the production of the protests.
The motion was then put, and negatived NI ithout a

the natives as beings of an inferior class, unfit to
mix in the same society, to dwell in the same build- I
irg, much less to sit at the same table. Thus we ,
had acted in Mysore, notwithstanding the strong opi-
nions expressed by the late I Marquis of Wellesley and
his brother the Duke of Wellington, in favour of a
contrary policy.—(Hear, hear.) The effect of this
conduct towards the natives was visible in the dete-
rioration of their character. They had no
voice-:::in the making of the laws by
which they were governed. They had no share in the
executive government, and very little in the adminis-
tration of justice. There was now- a commission
sitting tajrame a body of laws for the administration
of justice the empire, and it was composed altoge-
ther of Europeans.—(Hear, hear.) It was vain for
us to -attempt to. elevate the character of the Hindoes
by education, through the means of universities, public,
schools, and other such institutions, whilst we with-
hold from them every inducement toself improvement,
all the roads to wealth and honour, by means of
public employments, being closed against them. In
support of this view, he quoted largely from Sir Thos.
Munroe and others. In truth, the public seminaries
were of little use for the purpose of elevating the
character of the natives. Those of high caste
would not send their sons to them, be-
cause • there was no market for the talents
of an educated native ; therefore it was only
the inferior castes who availed themselves of these in-.
sttutions, and they only sent their sons there
to qualify them for the office of copyist in
the public departments. Thus those expensive
establishments for promoting education were of little
or no use. It would be quite otherwise if natives
were employed in public offices of high rank and im-
portant duties, for the discharge of which they were,
by their knowledge of the language, manners, habits,
temper, and prejudices of the people, immeasurably
better fitted than Europeans, however talented, could be
rendered by any education. The. Hon. Proprietor
then argued at great length to prove the fitness of the
natives for office, and to disprove the allegation that
ti ey could not be trusted. He referred confidently
to the trial that had been made of them as Judges in
coijts of law and justice, which he said was by no
means a fair or adequate trial. He was convinced
that Ow administration of the Government had not
telded to the improvement of the country. Under
the rztive chiefs, property was as safe as under our
Government, and the police was far better. All the
great works for which the country is remarkable,
were constructed under the native chiefs. Here
again, the Honourable Proprietor referred to
the same authorities from which he had quoted
bjore. In a dispatch from Lord Minto, in
1811, the countries under the British Government
were described as infested by murderers and robbers ;
z:nd in 1841 the state of things was precisely the
same. In the latter year the Indian newspapers describ-
ed the prevalence of murder, and affirmed that whatever
other blessings the En glishG overnment might have con-
ferred upon Hindostan, the security of life and property
could not be numbered amongst them. In this
respect, the contrast was very greatly in favour of
the worst native Governments. He had heard it
objected, that if we opened the door to the natives of
Ilindostan for advancement in civil offices, we should
be obliged to do something for them also in the
military department.—(Hear, hear.) He would
ask, why not ? Our Musselman predecessors had not
scrupled to avail themselves of the high military quali-
ties of some of their Hindoo subjects. Our own history
in India contained ample evidence of their fitness for
military command, and at the time of our occupation of
Benares (as we understood) the best governed pro-
vince in India, according to the authority of the
historian Mill, was under the able Government of
a Hindoo, who was also a military commander of
ealinent abilities and distinguished success. The
Hon. Gentleman concluded by moving a resolution
to the effect, " That in the opinion of this Court
the substitution to a greater extent of the agency of
natives of India for that of Europeans, in the
civil administration of their own country, is
a measure which is equally called for by considera-
tions of justice, economy, and sound policy ; that
it is desirable to give full effect to sec. 87, cap. 85, of
3d and 4th William IV., which enacts That no na-
tive of the said territories, nor any natural-born sub-
ject of his Majesty resident therein, shall by reason
only of his religion, place of birth, descent, colour, or
any of them, be disabled from holding any place, office,
or eroyloyment under the said Company,' and that
the Court of Directors be recommended, in further-
ance of this object, to instruct the Governments of
-India to appoint natives to all offices in the Civil Ad-
ministration under the different Presidencies, for which
they may be duly qualified."
blaaaiovr had great pleasure in seconding
the motion believing that the substitution proposed
ould he both morally and financially for the benefit
of India.

The CHAIRMAN would not follow the Hon. Pro-
prietor through the whole range of his observations,
I.lit he trusted he should be able to show the Court
:hat they ought not to sanction the motion, which
was, in fact, a tacit censure on the Government of
India. He could not jign in the desponding view
taken of the Indian fWce. Before the late wars,
there had been a surplus of revenue, and he trusted
that now the wars were at an end, there would
again be a surplus. By law, native ofli-
s power to adjudicate over Europeans.
Bengal there were no less than 52 native Judges
et a superior class, (Ind 400 native Judges of an infe-
rior class, with salaries varying from 100 to 300
-rupees a month. There were also 180 deputy collec-
tors, with salaries from 300 to 500 rupees a month ;
other alterations had been made since Sir Thomas
"I'donroe's time, so that Sir Thomas Monroe, in those
passages quoted by the Honourable Proprietor, had
alluded to a very different state of things. In
Madras, also, the natives were extensively em-
ployed. It was the earnest desire both of the
local and home authorities that natives should
ire employed in every office for which they were duly
qualified. It was curious that the Hon. Proprietor
had never proposed any thing of the sort while he
was a Member of the Madras Government. Allusion
had been made to the degraded state of the natives.
Now, on that point he would read a passage of a
letter from Dwarkanauth Tagore. That enlightened
Indian had stated that he was convinced it was for
the advantage of India to remain connected with
England, and he stated that the conduct of England
to India was such as to challenge the admiration of
the world. Now, if the picture of India put down
by the Hon. Proprietor was correct it would not
challenge the admiration of the world. The Directors
had always endeavoured to improve and elevate the
native character, in order to fit the natives for fillip..
the Government employments. They were being
educated, and had made great progress in science,
particularly in the science of surgery and medicine.
He trusted the Court of Proprietors would not cast
a censure on the Court of Directors by consenting to
this motion. _

Mr. BARBER supported the motion. He did not
consider it as a censure on the Directors ; on the con-
trary, he considered it IA as purely prospective in its
operation. Allusion had been made to the expenses
of the Afghan war. It was believed that the war
had been undertaken with the approbation of the
Court of Directors. He trusted if such had not been
the case, that the Court would at once state so, and
repudiate the responsihility of the war. He consi-
dered the question of great importance, both as a
question of economy and of justice, and, therefore,
he should support the motion.
_

Mr. FIELDEN alluded to the increased wealth of
the natives, as a proof of the valuable and efficient
protection afforded to them by the present Government.
A great proportion of the funded debt of India was
held now by natives. They could not have held that
under the Native Governments. The motion was
premature ; the time had not arrived when the na-
tives could be trusted with further power, and he
should therefore oppose the motion.
Mr. WARDEN contended it would be impossible to
carry into effect the recommendations of the motion,
until a radical change should have taken place in na-
tive manners and native institutions. The Court
might rely on the sincere disposition of the Court of
Directors to ameliorate the condition of the natives
to the utmost of their power.
Mr. CLARKE was glad that the principle of the me-
. tion was admitted on both sides. The difference be-
tween the Proprietors and the Directors was merely
one of degree. There were quite sufficient natural
influences at work to prevent their going too fast.
He thought the discussion of this question was doing
great good. The carrying out of that great principle
would give us a moral power in India of infi-
. nitely greater effect than any physical power, inas-
much as it was upon our moral power in that coun •
try that we must ultimately depend. He should have
liked to have seen an alteration in the wording of the
• motion, stating that the Court had beheld with de-
tl;e efforts of the Directors to carry out the
prii,ciple, and expressing a hope that they would
carry .1t out to a still greater extent. Had the mo-
tion ben worded in this manner, it would probably
have been ca:ried unanimously, and it would have
produced a great effect in India if it went out there
in that form.
Mr. DurrEawoarn -lianny, a Director, said, that
as his name had been ;off: than once mentioned by
the gentleman who had breught this sultject forward,
he felt bound to trouble the Court with a few obser-
vatipns. The principle which tyk- Hon. Proprietor ad-
vocated was as fully recognisedby t,l'e Directors and the
Government of India as by the Ilion. Gentleman himself,
with, this difference that they were aware t.'f the vital ne-
cessity of carrying it out grade Lally, and Gy_dy as they
could find fitting persons. All o riginal cases, from one
farthing to a million of money, were in the I"jst in-
stance referred to natives, care: being taken that s:,len
natives should be found, upon a rigid examination, w
be property qualified.—(Hear
Mr. Sergeant GAZELEE ( ordiaity supported the
motion and- gave his opinion 1 bat
, the Hon. Gentleman,

Mr. Sullivan, had been rather harshly dealt with by
the Chair. If the Court of Directors were sincere in
the wishes expressed by the last speaker, that the
principle of the resolntion should be carried out as far
23 practicable, they could not object to the motion,
which, if passed, would be known in India, and give
the natives a confidence in their intentions, which
they had no reason hitherto to feel. The resolution
could not possibly do any harm, and it might do a
,great deal of good.
Mr. SULLIVAN, in explanation, said that when he
was a member of the Council of Madras he was
the person who recommended the appointment of
a native to a high office.—(Hear, hear.) It had
been said, that he was wrong in his assertion that we
always removed the natives from office in newly ac-
quired territories, and thrust Europeans into their
places.—(Hear.) Well, let any one show him an in-
stance to the contrary.—(Cries of " Hear, hear.")
What was the use of vague assertions of
a disposition to adopt a better policy in future ?-1—
(Hear.) Why not at once pledge the Government to
do so by some such resolution as he had read, but
which he would not now press, believing that the
discussion w,hich had taken place would not be with-
out a beneficial effect.—(Hear.) He would either
withdraw the motion, or adopt any amendment the
Court might suggest.
The CHAIRMAN was of the same opinion that the
discussion would do good.
Mr. CLARK proposed an amendment, to the effect
that the Court appreciated the efforts of the Directors
to give employment and encouragement to the natives
of India, and that the Court, equally with the Direc-
tors, recognise the principle of conferring upon the
natives offices of trust and emolument, as far as was
consistent with the safety of the British empire in
India.

After a short conversation, the amendment was car-
ried unanimously.
HILL COOLIES IN THE MAURITIUS.

A PROPRIETOR called the attention of the Court to
an extract from the Bengal Hurkaru, which appeared
recently in the Times newspaper, relative to the al-
leged ill-treatment of the Hill Coolies in the Mauri-
tius, and their discontent with their condition in that
colony.
The CHAIRMAN said that he did not believe there
was a word of truth in the statement.—(Hear, hear.)
He came to the Court prepared with documents from
the police-office at Calcutta, which would satisfy any
Proprietor that there was no truth in it.—(Hear.) A
very large portion of the Hill Coolies had returned to
Bengal, and brought with them a considerable
amount of savings in silver ornaments and in money ;
and in the depositions taken at the police-office no
complaint was made or dissatisfaction expressed, but
the contrary.—(Hear.)
STATUE OF THE MARQUIS WELLESLEY.
In answer to a question from a Proprietor,
The CHAIRMAN said that the statue of that distin-
guished Nobleman was in progress, and he hoped to
see it before long in whatever suitable place the Court
might please to assign to it.
RAJA OF SATTARA.

The CHAIRMAN stated that a Court would be called
for the Bth of February next, to consider Mr. Lewis's
motion respecting the Raja of Sattara.
The Court then adjourned.

IRELAND.

SHOCKING MURDER NEAR DUBLIN.

DUBLIN, DEC. 19.—At an early hour yesterday
morning the body of a man was found in a burning
lime-kiln, at Miltown, near this city. The discovery
was made by a boy, named Patrick Tynam, who is in
the employment of a dairyman, residing near Clas-
son's-bridge, at the western extremity of the village
of Miltown. He stated that he proceeded about six
o'clock in the morning to the lime-kiln, which is im-
mediately adjoining his master's premises, for the
purpose of warming a quantity of brewer's wash for
the cows over the fire with which it was filled. There
was, at the time, no appearance of daylight, and he
perceived no trace of any persons near the kiln. After
iring the wash to the cows, he again went out of the
stables, when he immediately perceived a strong
smell of burning flesh proceeding from the kiln. He
says it at once occurred to him that some of his em-
ployer's ducks might have fallen into the fire, and he
accordingly hastened towards the door of the kiln, on
opening which he was horrified at beholding the body
of a dead man, with the throat frightfully cut,
stretched on the top of the burning mass. Assistance
was instantly procured, and the corpse taken from the
fire, in which, from its appearance, it could not have
been lying many minutes. The boy asserts positively
that not more than a quarter of an hour elapsed be-
tween his first and second visit to the kiln, and in the
interim he heard no noise and saw no persons passing
near the place.
The remains have not yet been identified. They
are those of a young man, apparently about twenty-
five years of age, five feet seven inches in height, and
with long black curled hair. He had on Oxford-
grey trousers, red striped cotton shirt, and shoes, but
the remainder of his dress appears to have been stolen
or lost. When found, the body was lying on the
right side, which was partly discoloured from the
smoke. The fingers of the right hand, and the right
foot, are much burned, but the head and trunk ap-
pear to have sustained but little injury from the fire.
The wound on the throat extends from the windpipe
to the right ear.
Dr. M‘Carthy, Coroner of the County Dublin, was
in attendance during the day, and signified his inten-
tion of holding an inquest on the body at eleven
o'clock next morning. A party of the City police and
constabulary were also early on the spot, but not-
withstanding the most active inquiries on their part
during the day, no traces that could lead to an expla-
nation of the fearful deed have been discovered. The
general impression among the speetators is, that the
murder had been committed at some distance away,
and that the body was afterwards conveyed to the
lime-kiln with the intention of having it consumed
before any discovery could take place. The spot
where the deceased was found is not far from the.
place where Garlibardo, the Italian boy, was murdered.
An inquest was held this day, and the inquiry is
now in progress. A man who works in a factory in
the vicinity has been arrested upon suspicion. it is
said that the deceased was a tailor, and that he has
been recognised by some persons in that trade.

The Lord Chancellor has been pleased to appoint
Francis Hernaman, Esq., who has been engaged many
years as a banker and merchant at Torquay and New-
ton Abbott, to be an official assignee of her Majesty's
Court of Bankruptcy for the district of Leeds.
THE MAURITIUS.—This colony is in a most unsa-
tisfactory state. Everybody complains. Since the
emancipation of the slaves the colonists have great dif-
ficulty in obtaining labourers. Those who come from
India only engage for a year, and their expenses are
paid out and home. At the end of their year most of
them return to their country, taking with them the
money they have earned, and the consequence is that
the a
circulating medium is gradually leaving the colony.
—Gaul;
have .
The Puseyites h resolved on influencing in their
favour, by means
rcial
of
thepecu provincial
considerations, as
many as they can
Where it may be deemed desibev,in they
mean either newspapers.
to purchase old newspapers entirely and appoint a
Puseyite editor, or establish new ones. They have
just purchased a journal in a populous town in one of
A the midland counties, and have given 'NL for it.
Correspondent of Dundee Warder.
ACCIDENT TO LORD WORSLEY, .M.P.—We under-
stand that Lord Worsley is suffering from the severe
injuries he received on Saturday week, by being
thrown from his horse when out hunting. It appears
that his Lordship, on losing his seat, was thrown, and
his horse fell upon him, by which he received some
contusions, which happily are not so serious as was at
first anticipated. However, such were the injuries
sustained in the fall, that his Lordship, by accounts
received from Manby Hall on Monday, was still com-
pelled to keep his chamber, and it is likely some weeks
will elapse before the Noble Lord will be able to
again resume the sports of the field. His Lordship
and Lady Worsley were to have left Manby for
Brocklesby this week, but, in consequence of the ac-
cident, their removal has been deferred for the present.
DISTRESS AND DESTITUTION.—We are sorry to
have to record the death of a poor man named Cold-
well, who died on Saturday last from sheer destitu-
tion. From the evidence on the inquest, it appeared
the deceased had been long out of work, and subsisted
by the kindness of neighbours almost as poor as him-
self. On Saturday he attended prayers at the Ca.
tholic chapel, and was found in a kneeling posture,
immediately after the service, a corpse. It seems
strange, that in a town where charity is ever going
about seeking to do good, that this poor fellow's dis-
tress should have escaped observation and been at-
tended with so lamentable a result.—Cheltenham
Examiner. At the inquest held on Monday, a ver-
dict was returned of " Died from want of the common
neccs,aries of life."

SUICIDE FROM THE WANT OF POWER TO EAT.—
Mr. Baker held an inquest on Monday, at the Coal-
meters Arms, Heath-street, Stepney, on the body of
Robert Campbell, aged 72. From the evidence of the
witnesses, it appeared that the deceased's spirits had
been recently much afflicted by a fear that a com-
plaint, under which lie suffered, Ind which in a great
measure prevented him from eating any solid food,
would eventually cause him to die of starvation. Ile
often expressed his horror at the idea of such a death,
and, from the want of power to eat, grew very thin
and emaciated. On the afternoon of the 6th inst. his
wife went out to post a letter, and upon her return in
a few minutes, saw him sitting up in bed and bleed-
ing from a razor wound he had inflicted on his throat.
Mr. Falkner, a surgeon, was called in and attended
him. The surgeon said, that the deceased would have
soon died from the complaint under which he was
labouring, but there was no doubt that the wound in
the throat accelerated his death. lie died on Monday
morning. Verdict, " Temporary insanity."

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.

GLOBE.—The greatest proportion of Free Trade
has been talked lately in agricultural districts, and at
agricultural meetings. The initiative in this talk has
been taken by Tory Peers or Ministerial Members,
and the Whigs present have had nothing to do but to
say ditto to it; and modestly to express their satis-
faction that the gentlemen who tripped them up
in the counties, and turned them out of the Govern-
ment, have so soon followed the doctrines, for start-
ing which they supplanted them with the farmers.
The time is evidently arriving which Von Raumer
predicted—when the Corn-law question would be
carried with the assent or acquiescence of the farmers
themselves. And a certain sort of credit is due to
the Peel Government for hastening that time. It
would have been difficult for any other party to
take a course which has disappointed so much hope,
caused so much suspense, and done so much mischief.
All classes, who supposed themselves interested in
staving off commercial reform, are now convinced that
the carrying of its main articles, when first proposed,
could not have injured them so much as delay and
suspense have injured, and are still injuring them;
and that till they touch bottom in some settle-
ment, which has at least so far the attribute of finality,
as to justify taking a lease, or laying out capital in
improvements—it is vain to hope for agricultural any
more than commercial prosperity. We owe this to
the Peel Government—that it has shown up the pre-
tence of protection, and the hollowness of the league
of monopoly, in the shortest time the exposure was
possible. The farmers would not believe us when
we told them, on the eve of the last elections, that
their professed friends would prove false metal,—
that they could not, and would not, protect agri-
cultural monopoly. We were not believed—but the
effrontery of the Standard solely seeks to discredit us
now—now, when every move which we anticipated
towards commercial relaxation has either actually
been commenced, or is announced by landed speakers
to farming hearers. The lesson has been completed,
within a shorter period than could be anticipated.
The doctrine of " protection " (monopoly) as regards
corn (we need not name cattle) is formally repudiated
by those who turned out our party for renouncing it.
Is this a fact, or are all the speeches of the Rut-
lands, Dickinsons, Aclands, fictions ? Are all the com-
pliments with which Mr. Sanford, Mr. Wilbraham,
Lord Yarborough, Lord Fortescue, have greeted
these speedy convertites, gratuitous and unmerited ?
Then why are they not thrown back ? Why do these
interesting Conservative novices in Whig doctrine
bear their blushing honours so meekly ? The faint
disclaimer of Mr. Miles of the small share ascribed to
him in these palinodes is the only breath of disavowal
which we have heard uttered; for Mr. Dickinson's
essay at disavowal was like Balaam's at cursing, and
really was nothing but a repetition of the new es-
poused doctrine ascribed to him.
STANDARD.—We must repeat it, we are not
the enemies of Irish landlords, though to the system,
which unfortunately for them and for the empire
they have inherited, we vow an implacable hostility.
We can easily see all the difficulties, the engagements,
encumbrances, and debts, by which the present race
of landlords are trammelled in every attempt
to liberate themselves and their estates from
the condition in which both are placed ; and though
these difficulties are the legacy of the folly and
vices of a former race, it is not for men to visit
even in opinion the sins of the fathers upon the
children. All that we ask from the existing genera-
tion of landlords in Ireland, is proof of a disposition
to begin the line in which they ought to retrace their
course—even a halt in the downward road would
afford encouragement. A complete reform must
be the work of time. Why Is not this reform, at.
least, unequivocally begun ? The enemies of the
landlords tell them that their sole reliance is upon
the British bayonet, and, no doubt, to the protec-
tion of the British bayonet they and all men who
respect the laws are entitled ; but it is really as-
tonishing that brave men and proud men should
persist in leaving themselves open to such a taunt.
The natural relation between a people and its go-
vernment places the former as regularly in the place
of the defenders, the latter in that of the de-
fended. This relation will be reversed on particu-
lar occasions, but the general rule is that the classes
defend the Government, not the Government the
classes. We wish to say nothing offensive of Irish
landlords, but we would respectfully ask, does this
rule prevail generally as regards their class ? It
will be answered, perhaps, that the position of Irish
landlords is peculiar ; that they are surrounded, and
even closely pressed, on their estates, by a hostile po-
pulation—a population worked upon by unfriendly
priests and by secret associations. The situation of
Irish landlords is in this respect peculiar and melan-
choly. It is not our wish to extenuate any of its di-
fficulties, and if these difficulties were irremovable
we should despair. They are, not, however, irre-
movable ; they may, on the other hand, be removed
much more easily, and in much less time, than at
first sight they may appear. Let the landlords moderate
their rents, and take all just and merciful oppor-
tunitiesto establish upon their estates a faithful, intel-
ligent, and solvent yeomanry. This is a course of
proceeding which we firmly believe would cost
nothing; for the defalcations in a highly-rated ren-
tal reduce the income of an estate upon an average of
years to what would be but a moderate rent in fact.
This proceeding would, we say, cost nothing, and its
good effect would be felt from the very first. A part
of an estate thus disposed of would guarantee peace
and industry to the whole, by planting, as it were, a
garrison in the neighbourhood. Three or four estates
thus reformed would go far to insure the peace of a
county.