Star.
London, England, 1830-12-08 00:00:00

than blame the carnage. But we almost tremble for our
own good name, in urging such an apology ; and we must
declare our unequivocal sentiment, that never in the records of
human events was the maxim more clearly illustrated—
that mental imbecility often becomes the source of moral
turpitude, than in the passage of recent history on which
we are now remarking.

Our readers will perceive in our Foreign Intelligence a
speech delivered by SOULT, Duke of DALMATIA, in the
'Chamber of Deputies, as Minister of War, tending to allay
the apprehensions of any speedy termination of the present
pacific state of Europe. It cannot be doubted, that nothing
could be done, so certain to prevent the oceurrence
of external attacks, as that which has been done
by the French Government, to put that country
in a state of vigorous defence. It may, however, be
observed, that the celebrated Marshal has, in the course
of his argument, against a larger levy of troops than the
Government bad demanded, exhibited the warlike animus
of the French people. The Military spirit of the French
I people he shows, as almost anticipating the wishes of Go-
vernment ; and voluntarily filling up the Regiments
now organizing by its orders. It will be observed,
too, that our correspondent gives concurrent tea-
-1 timony, as to the present warlike disposition of
the populace. The account of an intention to fortify Paris
and Lyons may, perhaps, be considered, in some degree,
with the military levies, to originate in a necessity which the
French Government feels, to find employment, or, at least,
support—for an unemployed population. If such be the only
motive, the policy is short-sighted ; and although it
may ward off war for a season, it will, it is to be appre-
hended, be productive, in the end, of terrific consequences
to the tranquillity of Europe. France may not, in such an
attitude, be attacked ; but is there no danger, that a season
may come, when less wisdom may direct, and she
may become herself the attacker ? The game of soldiers
is bad even to play at; and without being so severe, as \Tot.-
TAIRE, on the military character, it may be truly said, that
the young citizen who has mounted a firelock, will not re-
turn with much effect to the tail of the plough. Transforming
surplus masses of population into soldiers, we fear, ere long,
may transform the fields of Europe into camps.

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE—SECLUSIVE.
01••••••■ffalig....•
PARIS, Dec. 6tb, 1830.
St a,—The most prominent object in the public mind, at
the time I write, is the probability of an European war, in
which the liberal constitutions of the day will have to con-
tend with the banded despots of Europe. From the enclo-
sure on every side, if I may so term it, of immense masses
of Russians, Prussians, and Austrians, going into winter
quarters, apparently, to be ready for a simultaneous attack
in the Spring, this idea seems based upon a very reasonable
supposition, especially when the extreme distates with which
the change of dynasty and constitution here has been re-
ceived by all the continental Courts. France cannot but
feel jealous of any possible attempts on her new-born li-
berties, and, like a giant refreshed with slumber, is making
preparations to repel any attack. She is determined to show
that she will not believe, implicitly, the pacific assurances
of Foreign Powers, while the augmentations of their forces
is carrying into effect ; and she is showing, by her exertions,
that she is not to be hoodwinked, by the explanations given
of the objects proposed by such increase of active strength,
and actual material. Even Ferdinand the Second, who has
succeeded his unlamented father the King of Naples, and
whose rash absurdity cannot be controuled by the usual
guarded conduct of Princes, threatens vengeance upon
France. While Duke of Calabria, when the intelligence
was communicated by M. Montesquieu, the ambassador at
the Neapolitan court, of the change that had taken place in
July last, he exclaimed to his father, " Sire ! give me the
command of your army, and I will chastise these French-'
men." This army at most amounts to 30,000 '
men I and those of the most questionable courage.—
Since bis father's decease, and consequent accession to the
throne, be said to his staff while reviewing a regiment,
" This is the scourge (Fouet) with which I will humble the
Parisians." He has put forth a Proclamation, of a mixed
description, both religious and warlike, from which the
foreign reader would infer, that he was Marcus Aurelius
succeeding the Pious Antonine, and continuing to a grateful
people, the blessings showered upon them during his reign.
On the contrary, Ferdinand the First was detested for his
perjury and treachery, having solemnly sworn to a consti-
tutional form of Government, and thereby laying a snare
for many patriotic Neapolitans, who were condemned for
their opinions to exile, confiscation, and death. The eon bids
fair to follow the footsteps of such a father, but his warmth of
temperament may render him less dangerous, as he is less
insidious. But enough of such a puddle in a storm—only
worthy to be mentioned, as indicative of the feelings of the
minor Continental courts.

Notwithstanding these accumulating reports, I may
truly say, that the prospect of a war is contemplated
by the most sober-minded, without dread ; and by the
younger part of the population, is even wished for.—
At ease with regard to the policy of England, since
the change of the administration, they feel confident of
the result. Had the Duke remained in office, all the
affirmations of Talleyrand, all the declarations of diplomacy,
would never have removed a lurking suspicion of the hos-
tility of the Cabinet of St. James's. Among the common
people, he is supposed to be like Hannibal, sworn to the des-
traction of France, and the annihilation of Frenchmen. But
since the declaration of Lord Grey, they are certain of Bri-
tish neutrality ; and even that, they assert, is compulsory, by
the internal circumstances of the country ; but they reckon
with great confidence on British assistance.
The admirable law-project brought forward some days ago,
by the President of the Council and Minister of Finance,
M. Lafitte, in the Chamber of Deputies, is not, perhaps,
clearly understood by your Readers. It has had the excel-
lent effect of creating a much greater degree of confidence
in the Ministry, than they bad hitherto enjoyed. It is one
of those happy propositions, which are so seldom possible in
the exercise of a Government; as its adoption will add to the
recourses of the nation and the popularity of the executive at
the same time : and although it adds to the financial prospe-
rity of the treasury, it admits of reduction in actual taxation.
Your readers will recollect, that when the important and un-
popular law of indemnity passed, it granted to the emigrants
the enormous sum of one million of franca for that purpose ;
and providing that should any surplus remain of that sum,
after settling the various claims according to a scale
vided, that this surplus should be divided among thosewhose
actual loss had been the greatest. Such was the over-esti-
mate of the Government; and so great was their anxiety
to reward their adherents, that one hundred millions of francs
remained unappropriated. This sum, the Minister of
Finance proposed to alienate, and to convert into stook, to
, meet the present exigencies ; and the proposal was re-

teived with acclamations. In effect, this operation will
apply four millions sterling to the service of the state, which
the most unpopular part of the nation, the Emi-
grants of the Fauxbourgh Saint Germain, were in
hopes to have divided among them. Their rage will be
boundless, no doubt; and they will exclaim against the In-
tolerable infamy of placing a liberal beaker at the bead of
the treasury. M. Lafitte took the opportunity of alluding to
the reports of warlike preparations, on the part of the neigh-
bours of France, which be did not think would be productive
of any aggression on her territories ; bet confining him-
self to his department, he assured the nation, that the
sinews of war were not wanting. In addition to the
stock mentioned above, there would be, after the de-
ductions of taxes to be abolished, on the income of the next
year, the sum of 80 millions; which, es he observed, repre-
sented a capital of 1,500 millions, which could be borrowed
without increasing the burdens of the people. France also
possesses three millions of acres of wood land, producing
but little to the State, and which, if sold to in-
dividuals, would realise an immense sum. He added—
"ln a short time, we shall have, independent of
our garrisons, and our fortified places, provisioned and fur-
nished, 500,000 men, in the highest possible state of disci-
pline; and officered by men of talent, well-organised, and
well commanded. One million, at least, of the National
Guards will support them ; and the King, if necessary, will
place himself at the head of the nation." Here be was in-
terrupted by the most enthusiastic shouts of " Viva le Roi
—Vive la liberte !" Their universality plainly showed the
feeling of the Chambers ; and that members would resist
to death, any aggression upon their national rights. The
Duke of Dalmatia--Soult--followed with a most gratifying
expose of the rapidly increasing army, and its means of
equipment ; and was likewise the bearer of a project of
law, calling out immediately eighty thousand men additional
of the class for 1830, which will be immediately carried
into effect. This sitting has consolidated the power of the
present Ministry, and has placed it in good odour with
all parties, except the contemptibie Carlists. The Marshal,
in his speech of yesterday, gave re-assurances of peace; and
stated, that no more than 80,000 man were required at
present. _ _

The law of imdemnity passed in 1825, was also reckoned
a peculiar infliction upon the country. It remunerated that
class, who had shrunk from bearing the
_heat and burthen
of the day alone, and at tbe expense of the nation at large.
The inscriptions, however, which have been made upon the
great book of France, ave been declared inviolable ; the
fears that this might not be the case, is one cause of the pre-
sent low state of the funds. Every emigr4 who held stock
acquired in that manner, or even the holder, who had pur-
chased it of him, felt alarmed after the revolution, and
rushed to dispose of it at any price. But the national faith
has been scrupulously kept, and it is merely the surplus,
which an improvident ministry had provided, that again re-
verts to the state, from which it was originally taken.
The idea of fortifying both Paris and Lyons is seriously
entertained by the Government. The former commercial
city may be termed the southern boulevards of France, and
being totally unprotected by military works, would fall the
prey in the south, to an invading army. Late events have
suggested the idea, that Paris, defended by out-works and
ramparts, would be amply garrisoned by the National Guard,
without, in any manner, subtracting from the active force of
the kingdom. Her hardy and warlike population would ren-
der such a city impregnable, for could troops gain admission,
every house would be a fort, and the narrow streets barri-
cadoed, could not be forced but by a fearful sacrifice
of human life. This measure would also furnish em-
ployment, through the winter, for the many who
' are out of work. I have no doubt it will be carried into
effect. Twenty thousand horses have been lately purchased
on the part of government, in the countries of Holstein and
lAlsatia, and are daily arriving at the depots of cavalry. In
short, France contemplates the gathering cloud, with resolu-
tion in her port, and defiance in her eye; far from wishing
aggrandisement, she seeks alone to protect herself from dis-
memberment. Experience has taught her that military glory
is not productive of national happiness. She has resigned
all dreams of ambition, all aspirations after universal domi-
nation, and courts repose for her industrious citizens, who
are daily progressing in the arts of peace. A crusade against
France is a war against liberty.
J. H.
NIONISIMMEnnesm
CI TT. ONS (TCLOCIC
Consols which left off yesterday at 8211, have unproved
on the French news to 83*.

LIVIRPOOL, DEC. 6.—There has been a fair demand for
British plantation sugar—the sales of the week amounting
to 800 hogsheads, at steady prices; besides which, 300 bags,
of white Bengal has been taken at 64.
The demand for cotton throughout the week has been
steady. The prevailing easterly winds prevents any arrivals
of pine timber throughout the week, aad the market upon the
whole seems to be more firm.

CITY, TWO O'CLOCK.
Consols, which were looking up in the earl part of the
morning, have since receded from 83i to 821; at present
may be quoted 821 to 83, with little doing. his is an un-
expected decline, as it was imagined that the express from
Paris, with the favourable speeches of the ministers, that a
war was not expected, would have had a contrary effect on
the market. In the Foreign Market little or nothing doing.
The private letters from Buenos Ayres of the 6th Sept.
received this morning, are of a gloomy description. A war
has again broken out in the provinces. Nothing but anar-
chy and confusion prevails at Buenos Ayres : a number of
persons are leaving that city,
A meeting has taken piece at Lloyd's this morning, for
the purpose of electing a new Committee annually.
The Princess AUG vrTZTOP suite, and household,
were present at divine worship in the Palace chapel yester-
day. The officiating minister was the Reverend W. M.
WAG waft. .

The Duke of Davowsatas left his name at the Palace
on Saturday.
Nearly five hundred persons to serve in the Brighton di-
vision of the Lewes Rape, quiet as we are, and likely to re.
main so, have been sworn in in this town, as special consta-
bles, during the week past. The wags of the place, to mark
their opinion of, and surprise at, the measure, designate the
collective body the " Royal Useless Corps."
Viscount Melbourne, Viscount Palmerston Marquis
Camden, Lord Hill, and Count Munster, bed audienoss
yesterday of his Majesty.
The Queen took an airing yesterday, and paid a visit to
the Duchess of Kent and the Princess Victoria, at Kensing-
ton Palace.
The Cabinet Council held yesterday was attended by the
Lord Chanoellor, Earl Grey, the Marquis of Lanedowae,
Lord Durham, Viscount Melbourne, Vietnam Palmerston,
immune Godericb, the Earl of Carlisle, Vincula Althorp„
the Right Honourable C. Grant, and the Duke of Eichnioad.
The following appointments are said to be officially
settled Jenne oopt. Meeter-Geserel of the Ord-
mace ; Irish lard Chancellor, lard Plaskett ; Chief
Janice of the COMM Pisa, Mr. Doherty: Chief Beres, Mr.
Joy ; Attonney-Gerrerel, Mr. reselether ; Solicilor-Osee.
rel. Kr. Cress ; Kin% Serpent, the Caliendo Barrister
Mr. 0' ,

TO EARL GREY AND:LORD BROUGHAM.

MT LORDS.—The extraordinary combination of cireum.
stances, domestic and foreign, has placed the destiny of Eu-
rope in your hands.
Will you direct that destiny to good or to ill? It is now
in your power to do either.
You see the state of the public mind of Europe; that a
contest is in great activity between the prejudices derived
from our forefathers, and the truths which experience and
'dense have now developed to the producing classes, and
that the latter will no longer submit to be governed by
the former.

I trust you may be permitted to change this lamentable
state of human affairs. and to lay the foundation for a con-
tinually increasing prosperity.
I well know the expansion of mind and the moral courage
requisite to effect this great change in the condition of
the ignorant and starving population of this and other
countries.

But you must overcome both these difficulties, or Earl
Grey and Lord Brougham will disappoint the expectations of
the public both at home and abroad.
The working classes are generally reduced, nearly to the
starving point.
What is the real cause of this piverty among them
Until this question shall be truly answered, you will in vain
seek a remedy for the evil.
The working classes, under the existing system of society,
san obtain property or subsistence only through the value of
their labour. Labour is now reduced below the value
requisite to supply families with the usual necessaries
of life.

This rodnetion in the value of labour has arisen from the
competition in the labour market, and from the surplus
of supply, under the existing circumstances, over the de-
mand.

How has this surplus of supply of human labour been ge-
nerated ? Not by an increase of population, as superficial
reasoner. imagine.•
An increase of population, unaided by mechanical or other
scientific or artificial power, necessarily brings with it a de-
mand for labour equal to its increase. The surplus labour
in the labour market cannot therefore arise from an increase

of population.
Mechanical and other scientific power do not necessarily
create a demand for labour equal to the supply which they
produce. On the contrary, after a certain amount of arti-
ficial power has been brought into regular action, its sub-
sequent supply, under the existing system of society, will
continually exceed the demand for it, and it must continu-
ally from that period depress more and more the general
value of manual labour. And when that pressure shall at-
tain a certain extent, there will be a reaction on the part of
the working classes ; and machinery, upon a large scale,
1 must be destroyed, and future scientific improvements sus-
pended, or the system which forces mechanical and scientific
power into competition with manual labour, must be changed.
That period appears to have arrived ; and if so it is for you
now to determine which course shall be adopted ;—whether
society shall advance, or retrograde. It cannot advance
much longer under individual competition between scientific
power and manual labour, but it will soon frightfully
retrograde.
You have the most ample means now at your control, to
change the adversity of mankind into prosperity ; to stop
at once the ignorance, and poverty, and all their desolating
consequences, of the working classes, and to insure them
perpetual future prosperity.
rind you may effect this change without any real injury
to the aristocracy, or the church, or to a single British
I subject.
1 There are parties ready to prove the truth of these auc-
tions to any nationally authorised individuals, or committee,
who will devote sufficient time and attention to enable them
to become masters of the subject.
I am, my Lords,
Your obedient servant,
R. OWEN.
• During the last thirty years, population has Increased as 1, while
the prudactive power of maeldnery and scientific improvements, to
supersede human labour, has increased as twenty at the least. It can-
not be correct, to attribute the surplus of labour ,in the labour-marker,
to an increase of the one. and not to the twenty.
Bedford-square, Dec. 1, 1830

Tug WIEAVEISSair AND tAZIEII.S PROCESSIONS.—
At noon these tradesmen went in procession, with addresses,
ea their Majesties. Their conduct was orderly, and their
appearance rather imposing. The banners and devices were
new and elegant; and they moved to the music of well-se-
lected bands in a manner highly creditable to themselves.
Max or Mwria.—As we were passing through Turn-
style this morning, we heard every now and then the mur-
murings of the word " Swing," and we saw persons crowd-
ing into Lincoln's-inn-fields. In a corner of the square near
Surgeons-haU, we saw swinging to and fro, divers flags
holding various devices. On approaching one of the standard
bowers, we found that it.was nothing more than an address
ping to be laid before his Majesty, by the brass-founders.
W. inquired whether it was about reform; yes, about re-
forming the times, and the condition of the working classes,
was the answer.--We must hammer it into their skulls, con-
tinued the brazier, for they seem as hard of understanding as
one of our cauldrons. And he concluded with a cunning
look towards his flag, which held blazoned forth, " Ws Alit
LADS OF MlTAL...—Correspondent.
Faou A CORIIIISPOWDZAT IN KEINT.--TWlSday last.
30th Nov. was appointed the day for the Rev. Mr. Curtis,
the Rector of Seven Oaks, Kent, receiving his tythes, which
vs very considerable in amount,—say upwards of 20001.
per annum. The rev. gentleman, feeling somewhat alarmed.
dispatched a messenger to Tunbridge Wells, at 11 o'clock
on Monday night, ordering the attendance of a troop of the
Queen's Bays, and also another to Igham, for a troop of the
Scotch Greys, who arrived in breathless haste, about 5
**clock Tuesday, A. W. Expecting to have met with a very
formidable force to resist their approach, they came, iu
esseequenes, prepared for action,swords drawn, and furnished
with 20 round, of baU cartridge. To the great surprise of
die troops, the town was unusually tranquil that day ; ex-
apt the arrival of about five persons apparently half starved.
with only three shoes among them. At 9A. rr., to obtain
a little assistance from the humane inhabitants, they begsa
singing the new song of " The King of the Cannibal Is-
lands." This was supposed, by the alarmists, the signal fur
general tumult. The military were all ordered to arms, but
were again agreeably disappointed. The Rev. tythe-taker
was supported by the military—one of the officers of the
Bays being in the room, all the dine of the farmers attending
to pay their tytbes. After the business was over, the Re.
Magistrate ordered the military to retire back to their quit-
ters, they not having received, it was said, any refreshment,
either men or horses. Query ? are the tythes always to be
exacted at the point of the by_onst ? and who pay the es-
pouses of the soldiers?-0n Wednesday I attended at the
pleasant little village of Chidringsesse, to pay my tytbes, due
to the Bev. Mr. Beale, the MAW. The day wee ushered in
with the ringing of bells, and after the rev. podeinan's
agent had taken the trims, deducting, in some instance',
'3Ol. per cent. and in all 201. the tenants were regaled with a
very good English repast of roast beef and plum-pudding.
wat plenty of punch; and the worthy nessee health was
with three times three; who. through Lis agent,
Seems, Esq. of Tonbridp, promised:ls mast the ert-
posies of the times, and the wishes of his periddeaere.