The Sun.
London, England, 1829-07-23 00:00:00

will, by such a mode, raise little more than he
consumes. The industry of the country ought
to be considered as a whole, distributed, for the
sake of convenience, into town and country.
The mechanic and manufacturer in the town
supply the agriculturist with that which he could
either not produce at all, or produce with in-
finitely greater expenditure of labour, and the
farmer supplies the mechanic and the manufac-
turer with the food, to produce which would
require from him more labour than he gives
in exchange to the farmer. The increase of
labourers in town and country act and re-act

on each other ; and every improved process
in agriculture, and every improved pro-
cess in manufacturing, hasten accumulation, and,
consequently, provide the means of additional em-
ployment to labourers. But if the labourers are
increased with more rapidity than the demand,
deterioration in their condition is inevitable.
All attempts to blink this, and mystifying the
question with cottages, cows, &c. is arrant
quackery. The Rev. Mr. Townsend, in an ar-
ticle in the Universal Magazine for 1807,
gives a most instructive account of the altera-
_ _

Lions in the condition of the labourers of Pew-
sey, in Wiltshire, during the forty years of his
residence in that parish, from the increase in
their numbers, and the disproportion between
the supply of labour and the demand. The
deterioration was in many parishes prevented by
harsh measures on the part of those possessed
of property, who, feeling like Dr. Southey, that
pauperism would soon take their laud from them
if they did not make a struggle, drove down cot-
tages, and prevented an► increase of population.
If landholders were to be fools enough to be
guided by Dr. Southey, and supply cottages and
gardens for all who can be called into existence,
we predict that they would soon be without
estates, and struggling with the paupers for a
part of a cottage.—Morning Chronicle.
Mr. Peel is quite right in setting the New
Police System to work in the city of Westmins-
ter ; which at present, as far as police is con-
cerned, is the completest satire upon the very
term which can be so much as imagined. In-
deed police, as far as it has been displayed from
the earliest recollection to this time, in this the
very heart and centre of the metropolis as well
as the actual seat of Government, has been at
all times rather a method of attraction than of
prevention. Not only are crimes of every sort
committed with impunity, but a sort of general
hot-bed and nursery is kept up, under the very
nose of the Magistrates, for the supply of crime
to the rest of the metropolis, as well as for the
provinces. Yet in the compass of this small
city, three out of the eight present police-offices
are situated, besides a horde of amateur Magis-
trates, who bring up the rear of this inefficacious
system. There is a manifest degree, therefore,
of spirit and propriety in attacking the enemy
first in his strongest holds ; and we augur much
good when it is clear that matters, being come to
the very worst, must mend. But the work which

the new Commissioners have undertaken, to be
done well, will be one of no small labour ; for

they will have not only to establish a new system,
but to abolish one equally bad and old. The
nightly watch in Westminster is, for the most
part, as bad as it well can be ; but that is not
all ; indeed, that, we should say, will turn out to
be the least part of their labours—just as easy,
we should presume, as to garrison a town with
effective regiments in lieu of so many companies
of invalids. But there is the flash house to root
out, the receiving house to demolish, the trading
constable to crush, and too many of the present
police to teach that mere money-getting is not
all that they are paid by the public for being em-
ployed about. There is nothing probably to do
but what men of good sense, of knowledge of
the world, with good temper and firmness, may not
be able to accomplish. But they will probably
be met by the old leaven in all they set about ;
and this they must resolutely determine to resist.
Every thing must be new to be in any way effec-
tually useful. Any attempt to amalgamate with
such a system of abuse as our present mockery
of police presents, will only inoculate their own
plan with the seeds of a chronic disease, which
will soon render their own system as incurable
as the old one has been found to be. On the
contrary, if, instead of coalescing with the enemy
on the smallest point, or adopting a shadow of
past abuses, they proceed calmly but resolutely
to the adoption of a new and opposite method,
we think there is now a chance of our having,
what we never had even the semblance of, a
thoroughly good police.—Morning Herald.

WHIMSICAL ANECDOTE OF A FORMER

DUKE OF NEWCASTLE.

At the close of an election for Lewes in

1771, the Duke of Newcastle was so pleased
with a man who gave a casting vote on his side
of the question, that he almost fell upon his
neck, exclaiming, " My dear friend, you are the
best creature living ; what can Ido for you ? I
long to serve you." May it please your Grace,"
replied the voter,. " the exciseman of this place
is very old ; when he dies, I shall be glad of his
place." " You shall have it ; I wish for your
sake he were dead and buried already ; as soon
as he is, set out to me, be it night or day, insist
upon seeing me; I'll give orders for you to be
admitted at any time." The voter, swallowed
every thing with extacy, and in the following
winter the exciseman took his leave of this wicked
world ; the Duke's friend started for London,
and reached Lincoln's Inn at two o'clock in the
morning. About this time the King of Spain
was taken ill, and not expected to survive. The
Duke, wishing that he might not, had despatched
messengers to Madrid, who were commanded to
return with unusual haste as soon as the death
of his Catholic Majesty should be announced.
Ignorant of the hour at which they might arrive,
he had given orders to his attendants to send any
person to his chamber who should demand ad-
mittance. When the voter asked if his Grace
were at home, he was answered in the affirma-
tive, and immediately shewn up, when he rushed
into the room, and in the transport of his joy,
cried out, "My Lord, he is dead l" " That is
well, I am glad of it with all my soul, when did
he die i"—" The morning before last, and please
your Grace What, so lately ?—Why, you
must have - flown ; how shall I reward you ?"
" All I wish for is to succeed him.",--" You, you
what pretensions have you to the
Crown of Span ? Let inc look at you." The
astonished Duke threw h:ick the curtain, and saw '
with rage and disappointment the face of his
electioneefing friend. The poor devil waa at
first dismissed with all the violence of anger, and
refused ;—but, at length, the victim of time
Minister's anger became the object of his mirth ;
and, when he felt the ridicule that marked the
incident, he raised the candidate for monarchy
into a post, which, from the colour of the present
times, and the conduct of the petticoat em-
broiderer, may seem as least as honourable—he
made him an exciseman.