The Sun.
London, England, 1842-12-15 00:00:00

THE REVOLT AT BARCELONA.
The following particulars of this affair furnished by
the correspondent of a Conte ni orary at Perpignan
will be read with interest : _

On the morning of the 14th matters came to an
issue. The crowds in the Plaza San Jayme were so
numerous and so tumultuous that it became absolutely
necessary to dislodge them. The advance was sounded;
orders were given ; and the troops proceeded au pas
de charge against the mob. The National Guards
were prepared for battle, shots were fired, and the
combat soon became general.
The military, though greatly out-numbered, fought
with much steadiness and bravery, and there is little
or no doubt that the victory would have remained with
them were it not for some acts of pillage which in
the mean time took place. Three houses belonging
to the principal goldsmiths in the Calle Plateria were
broken into and plundered ; it went about that Zur-
bano had given orders to his soldiers to do so. Whe-
ther that General be justly or unjustly accused, the
tidings of this act of violence went like lightning
through the streets, and the feelings of the populace
were lashed into the highest pitch of fury. Every
man turned out, and prepared himself to defend his
house and family against military lawlessness.
In less than three-quarters of an hour the entire
city was put into such a state of defence that each
street became a fortress; every window, every bal-
cony, became a bulwark ; and, as the military passed
beneath, tables, beds, chests, benches, tiles, stones, hot
water, boiling oil, melted lead, were showered down
upon them. Every article of furniture, the most
precious as well as the most worthless which could
cause death or inflict injury, was flung down on the
defenceless head of the unhappy soldier.
The very children crawled along the house-tops for
the purpose of stripping the tiles and chimneys to
keep up the supply of missiles. When every article
was exhausted in the work of death, the women flung
the pucker°, the earthern pot in which thf afternoon
meal is cooked, with its contents of lard, cabbage,
garhansos, and soup, scalding hot, into the faces and
eyes of the officers.
Whilst this fierce warfare was going on, orders
were given that the assembly should beat through the
streets, to call the entire force of the National Guards
to arms. They at once responded to the call. They
rushed to their barracks ; from this position they
opened a deadly fire on the troops, who, notwithstand-
ing the resistance they met with, were gaining ground,
and gradually approaching the Plaza San Jayme.
They would, beyond any doubt, have taken possession
of this important position in a short time, had not an
operative, named Manfalls, rushed to the cathedral,
mounted to the loftiest turret, and then commenced
ringing the somaten a rebato—the tocsin, the alarm
bell which rouses all to arms.
It is necessary to have spent some time amongst
the mountains of Catalonia, and to be conversant with
the habits and usages of the wild people who inhabit
them, in order to appreciate the effect produced when
this dreadful summons is heard. There is a sort of
superstitious awe mingled with the feeling which its
sound calls into existence; and the Catalan who would
remain by his hill side unmoved by its echoes, would
be accursed in himself and his posterity. The fiery
cross in days of yore, speeding on its fierce and
flaming course, never called the Highlands of Scot-
land into wilder life and tumult than the somaten a
rebato the mountains and fastnesses of Catalonia. It
is believed to be the voice of God himself which
awakens the Catalan, and summons him to the defence
of his fueros, and his customs, and the ashes of his
fathers.

The combat deepened in ferocity and in bloodshed
the moment the roar of that " horrid bell " opened
from the Cathedral. The battle was fought with the
utmost desperation, until the soldiers, seeing their
best and bravest officers lying dead or dying in the
streets, began to retire along the Rambla, towards
the citadel, and in the direction of the sea wall.
While in the act of retreating by this point, they un-
fortunately, through haste or imprudence, formed a
dense mass, and thereby presented a mark to the
enemy, of which they were not slow to take advantage.
The first battalion of National Guards, whose barracks
are close to the wall, lifted their pieces as one man,
and [threw a volley into the thick of the fugitives.
More than 600 bullets carried death and destruction
amongst them.
This was the last attempt at serious resistance on
the part of the military.
Van Halen, perceiving the state of affairs, now
thought proper to retire into the citadel with the
troops. He was, however, soon attacked in this strong-
hold by the people and the nationals, and with such
vast effect, that he had to make his retreat at half-past
two o'clock in the morning by a particular outlet, no
doubt intended for so sad a purpose, and called the
Puerto del Socorro. _ .

The insurgents remained complete masters of the
town before the day dawned, and of the troops that as
yet remained in it. In the interest of truth it must
be told that they did not abuse their victory by any
ill-treatment of their prisoners. The soldiers and
officers who had been unable to effect their retreat
were those who occupied the barracks, called, from its
vicinity to the University, the Quartel de los Estu-
dios, and the fort of Atarrazanas. Seeing themselves
thus isolated, and completely cut off from their com-
panions, they were forced to capitulate. The officer
commanding them, and who signed the capitulation,
was Brigadier de Castro, whose arrival here, having
been threatened to be shot by Van Halen for that act,
I have already noticed.
On the troops who thus remained, the most friendly
attentions were lavished. Their necessities, which
were great, for they had scarcely eaten, drunk, or
slept for the two days previous, were supplied in abun-
dance. Money was also issued to them. The officers
were regaled at the cafes and hotels in the most
sumptuous manner by the fiercest of the young Re-
publicans.
A supreme popular directive junta was imme-
diately formed after this victory. It was composed
almost entirely of young men of Republican prin-
ciples, and they proceeded to discuss plans for the
establishment of order and tranquillity in the town,
which had been entirely left without any governing
authority, the Political Chief having retired with the
General and the troops, to take measures of defence
against the force under Van Halen, which was block.-
ading the city from San Felix.
Various flags of truce were sent, and several in-
terviews were held with the General by Commis-
sioners from the insurgents, in order to restore tran-
quillity ; and Van Halen, pledged himself, in case he
was not attacked, not to inflict any unnecessary injury
on the place, at least, until further notice.
In addition to the attack in the Plaza San Jayme,
there were other combats more or less important in
the Plaza Santa Anna, particularly one in which a
colonel of infantry was killed ; in the new walk oppo-
site the citadel, where, it appears, acts of the most
audacious valour, and worthy of a better cause, were
performed. At a short distance from the gate of the
citadel, in the garden called Jardin del General, a
battery of artillery was captured by a party of the
populace. It was turned on the retreating troops by
them, and caused much destruction.
Something more than 1,000, between killed and
wounded, formed the loss of the military. Amongst the
civilians and National Guard, about half the number.

Prom the period of the evacuation of the citadel by
Van Halen, to the 27th, nothing worthy of particular
observation occurred.

The letters from this place addressed to you will
have completed the sketch from the 27th to the pre-
sent date.

PERPIGNAN, DEC. 7.—The news of the surrender
of Barcelona, and the entry of the troops, is con-
firmed by arrivals late last night from Port Vendres.
The respectable portion of the National Guards, all
who had a house and some property and a family to
defend, were compelled (it is said without any stipu-
lation) to throw open the gates of the city to the
soldiers, in order to protect themselves against the
rabble they themselves had armed against the Go-
vernment. You may form an idea of the ferocity,
acts of plunder, and licentiousness, which must have
been perpetrated by an armed mob, when the mis-
guided, but, it would appear, now repentant, insur-
gents, were forced to fly for protection into the arms
of the enemy that was bombarding their city, rather
than be plundered and massacred by their own men.
During the evening of the 3d and the morning of
the 4th the mob, casting aside all regard for anything
like discipline or order, and answering with menaces
the remonstrances of their leaders, attacked the
Town-house, where, it seems, the treasure of the mu-
nicipality was deposited. They broke open the chests,
which, in a short time, were emptied of their con-
tents. They then proceeded to other houses, where,
it was supposed, a similar booty could be obtained,
and repeated the same acts. During the whole of
that night nothing could surpass the confusion and
violence which reigned everywhere.
It is stated that the amount in money thus plun-
dered by the rabble is upwards of 200,000 dollars,
independently of articles of plate, jewels, Sce., which
could easily be carried off.
It is possible that the amount thus stated may be
exaggerated, but it is a fact that the National Guards
of Barcelona threw open their gates to the Regent,
for the purpose of saving their properties from plun-
der and themselves from massacre.
It is not said whether Espartero himself has as yet
entered the city or not.
The destruction of houses and property in Barce-
lona, caused by the shells, was at first very much ex.
aggerated here. It was stated that all Barcelona was
one ruin. The fact. is that very little mischief was
done to the houses. , Several shells fell that did not
burst at all, and many, very many, burst in the air,
and the fragments reached the ground without doing
any harm. The greatest injury appears to have been
done to the Consistorial-house —but that occurred
from a peculiar cause. A magazine containing am-
munition is quite close to that edifice,—a shell fell and
ignited the powder. The explosion was terrific, and
its effects were such as to inflict much injury on the

Town-house. The greatest consists, however, in the
destruction by the flames of the papers, documents,
and archives of the city, which were there deposited.
Beyond that, the injury done to the town has been
trifling in proportion to the number of shells thrown,
and the time during which the bombardment lasted.
I have just seen letters which have been received by
one of the refugees here, who had himself commanded
in the free corps, from some friends in Seville and
Cordova. They speak of the perfect tranquillity the
south enjoys ; they add that there is a determination
to participate in no movement which has for its object
provincial or peculiar interests ; the only thing likely
to excite them would be any attempt against the con-
stitutional liberty established in Spain. Navarre is
quiet ; not a sound nor stir is heard in the Basque
provinces. " Wild Biscay "is in repose, and not a
discordant voice is heard from Sarragossa. If the
majority of the Spanish people detest Espartero they
have a most curious, a most extraordinary mode of
showing that feeling.
I should have mentioned in its place, that it is be-
lieved by the Spanish refugees that the trifling effect
produced by the shells was intentionally produced,
and it was arranged so as that the greater part should
fall harmless. Such seems to be the feeling of all
parties amongst the Spaniards. If this be true, it is
highly favourable in every point of view to Espartero.
EIGHT o'CLock, P.m.—The entry of the troops into
Barcelona was effected in the most peaceable manner.
It had all the appearance of a quiet parade. The Na-
tional Guards and the soldiers embraced each other,
and fraternised together in the most amicable manner.
Over 900 shots were fired into the city during the
bombardment. There was little loss of life ; and the
public edifices, with the exception of the Consistorial
house, did not suffer much. Several private dwell-
ing-house's were, however, much injured. In the
Hotel des Quatre Nations alone six shells fell, five of
which took effect.

Sixty-nine shells burst in the air.
There are at this moment something more than
10,000 troops in the city and forts. The foreign Con-
suls have returned to their houses. Fortunately the
warehouses and manufactories have suffered but little.

The latest accounts from Barcelona are up to four
o'clock on the evening of the sth.

NEW SOUTH WALES.

By the the George IV. arrived at Liverpool yester-
day, accounts have been received from New South
Wales to the 25th of June.

The markets generally had been inactive. A cargo
of sugar, tea, and coffee, per the Georgiana, from
Manilla, had changed hands within the preceding
week ; but at what rates is not reported, though the
Congous are stated to have been all re-sold at 101. per
62 catties. Upwards of 90 tons of Manilla sugar had
been disposed of at 24/. and 251. per ton, and about
30 tons Bourbon, at 281. per ton. In manufactured
goods, several invoices had fetched from 25 to 30 per
cent. advance. In other articles there was no altera-
tion, the sales having been so trivial that they were
not worth recording. Prime Irish mess pork was
selling at 51. ss. per barrel ; Hamburgh at 4/. 4s.
The bill for the incorporation of Sydney was read a
first time on the 21st of June, and stood for a second
reading on the 28th. A bill had likewise been laid
before the Council founded on a recent alteration in
the English law relating to banking companies, ren-
dering it compulsory upon them to fill up vacancies.
The police and public works bill was still a source
of discontent, the Governor appearing, in the opinions
of some, too hasty in pressing it upon the legislature.

THE CHINA TREATY.
(From the Glasgow• Courier.)
UNTO THE RIGHT HON. SIR ROBERT PEEL, BART., FIRST

LORD OF HER MAJESTY'S TREASURY, &C.

GLASGOW, DEC. s.—The memorial of the East In-
dia Association of Glasgow humbly showeth—
That your memorialists being deeply interested in
the trade with the East, beg to submit to' your Lord-
ship the following considerations arising from the
treaty just formed with the Emperor of China, and
the excitement caused thereby in our markets in ex-
pectation of a very enlarged trade with the Chinese
empire.
Your memorialists, in common with all her Ma-
jesty's subjects, heartily rejoice in the treaty thus
made, but have many misgivings as to the immediate
beneficial effects so generally and ardently antici-
pated, for the following reasons :-
Ist. The direct trade of this country to China has
seldom exceeded 1,200,0001. per annum. .

2d. The annual trade from China has seldom ex-
ceeded 4,000,0001., both sums being exclusive of what
passes through the medium of America and Australasia.
3d. The difference between these has hitherto been
made good chiefly by the opium and cotton exported
from British India, the former to the annual value of
3,000,0001., and the latter of upwards of 1,000,0001.,
while the balance of trade against China has been paid
in bullion.

4th. The supply of opium and cotton is not likely
to be materially reduced under the new arrangements.
sth. The silk of China is constantly losing ground
in competition with that of Italy; the miscellaneous
articles admit of little increase ; and tea, the ()Teat
staple of China, is already imported to as greaq an
extent as the consumption, limited by high price,
requires.

6th. Great Britain, therefore, already exports about
as much to China, direct, and from India, as she re-
ceives, or can receive, of the produce of the latter.
7th. It is accordingly evident that as yet there is no
room for an additional export trade to any consider-
able extent; because, although there be such an im-
mense territory, and such an almost boundless popu-
lation in China, and admitting also their entire wil-
lingness to accept our productions, yet they have not
produce to give which we can at present take in re-
turn, as is clearly proved by the large quantity of
bullion required from China in order to adjust the
balance of trade.

Bth. The duty charged by our Tariff on teais equal
to 200 per cent. on the shipping cost, viz. 2s. Id. per
lb. on an article which, at an average, costs on board
about ls.; and while a tariff is negotiating in China
for the admission of our productions, it is but reason-
able to expect that the Chinese will keep in view the
monstrous duty charged in England on their staple.
9th. The duty so charged in England falls chiefly
on the poor, who are the largest consumers, and it falls
the more heavily that they use the low-priced teas.
From these premises your memorialists draw the
following inferences :-
Ist. That the present high duty on tea restricts
very materially the consumption, avid by thus limiting
the quantity which can be imported, limits also the
amount of our exports, which can scarcely therefore,
under existing circumstances, be extended beyond
the point already attained, and shows the existing
excitement to be founded in delusion, certain to pro-
duce the most ruinous results. _

2d. That our high duties are sure to have a corres-
ponding effect in China, not only in the duty charge-
able on our manufactures, but probably also in an
increased export duty on tea, besides the chance of
future troubles arising from such an unnatural posi-
tion of affairs.

3d. That the intercourse with China having here-
tofore been confined to a single inconvenient port, and
even there to only a few llong merchants, could not
be so extended as to increase the quantity of tea
taken in return so much as might enable her Ma-
jesty's Government to reduce the duty, and yet main-
tain the revenue; but seeing that these hindrances are
removed, that the article can probably be supplied to
a very large extent, and that we are now to have
access to Fuchoo, the nearest port to the principal
place of growth, it is evident that the period has ar-
rived when such a reduction is imperatively called for;
and that, unless it be made, there is little prospect of
commercial advantage to Great Britain from her late
achievements.

4th. That a reduction of the duty on black teas by
one-half would not only facilitate the formation of a
fair tariff with China, and increase the amount of our
exports, but would greatly add to the comfort, espe-
cially of the poorer class of British subjects, would
not (at least, it would only partially, and for a time)
injure the revenue, and would, moreover, materially
increase the consumption of sugar, another article of
vast importance to the Exchequer.
Your memorialists do therefore humbly, but ear-
nestly, commend this subject to your Lordship's most
serious consideration ; and further entreat that her
Majesty's Government will instruct the Plenipten-
tiary to pay most particular attention to the subject
of inland or transit duties, as provided for by the
treaty, seeing that this has hitherto been one great
hindrance to our trade, and that, without a well-ar-
ranged system of transit duties, any system of direct
import duties (however excellent in itself) will avail
but little.

May it therefore please your Lordship to consider
this subject, with a view to a material reduction in
the duty on tea, and the establishment of a fair reci-
procity between this country and China; and your
memorialists will ever pray.—Signed in name and in
behalf of the Glasgow East India Association,
HUGH COGAN, Chairman.
A. WARDROP, Secretary.

PROSPECT of CHINESE DEMAND
FOR BRITISH GOODS.

It must be recollected, that, since the invention of
machinery, goods that were formerly inaccessible, ex-
cept to the wealthier classes, are now open to the
most humble. Two hundred years ago, nankeen and
similar articles were sold at much lower prices in
China than British cotton could possibly be ; but this
native manufacture can neither have greatly increased
or diminished in cost for centuries, depending merely
on the momentary price of labour, and years of
scarcity or plenty ; whilst the march of science has
enabled European goods that formerly cost ten dollars
in England, to be sold at the present day for two on
the coast of China. Mandarins and people of wealth
were necessarily then the only consumers ; but now a
now and numerous body, viz., the bulk of the popula-