The Sun.
London, England, 1829-11-19 00:00:00

A SUB-MARINE TALE.

We extract the following from a work lsteiy
published by Lieutenant Hardy, R.N., a coths •
missioner for the company funned to fish for'
pearls and coral in the gulf of California :
" The oyster secures itself so firmly to the
rocks by-its beard that it requires no little force'.
to take it away; and, as its external surface is
full of sharp pohits, the hands are soon severely
cut by them. The effect. of the buoyancy of the
water is also curious. At the depth of seven or.
eight fathoms it requires exertion to keep down,
and, if you then attempt to lay hold on a rock
with the hands, eou find yourself, as it were,
suspended ; so that if you let go your hold you"
will immediately tumble upwards I rememher,
the first oyster I ever met with was the depth of
four fathoms only ; my head was almost tonehies;
it ; and, forgetting in my pleasure to strike one
with my legs, as I stretched forward my !lend mo
catch hold of the prize, to my astonishment th,.
oyster slipped from my grasp, and I found my-
self at the surface of the water the next instant ;
so that I had all my labour for nothing. .So
firmly does the Oyster fix himself to the rock
that, in order to tear him away, it -is necessary,
to get a purchase' upon him by placing the
feet on the bottom. The excessive. difficulty (If
• doing this is incredible: it requires the museim-.
lar strength of the whole body to overcome the
resistance of the water's buoyancy. I have no
• doubt that, by means of its long beard, the oys-
ter has the power of locomotion, and thet it
changeseits situation according to its pleasure or
convenience. One principal object of inquiry,
however, was obtained, namely, the trudsituation
of the shells under water. I found that I hail
been in a complete error in supposing. them
formed in beds, that is,
.in heaps, as the word
bed would seem to indicate. With this impres-
sion I left England, and continued in it till I lied
now convinced myself, by actual- invesoigatihn.
of the error into which I had been led by every
body with whom I had conversed on the subjeot
indeed, a moment's reflection would have pointed
out the impossibirity of the oysters being piled
in heaps together in this gulf. This fish always
seeks for tranquillity, which it could never find
in situations exposed to currents and motions
occasioned by the inundation of the water. I
always found them in sheltered bays, the bottoms
of which were covered with large rocks. Tids
brings me to consider the reason why a divitT-
bell, at least in the Gulf of California, can never
be profitably applied. After reaching the bot-
tom, if the greater surface be considered bottom,
there are very frequently found chasms ill the
rock below, which extend from one or two, or
even to three, fathoms lower. It is down these
apertures that the diver may most generally exs.
pect to meet with oysters, which even here eon
ceal themselves in the cavities of the rock ; and
as the power of vision fails in so dceso a me-
dium, particularly if the depth be considerable
and the surface rough, the diver is ob:igsd
insert not his band only, but even his head, into
every hole and corner, like a person groping about
in the dark, holding on time while by time points
of the rock to prevent his rising to the top, u
consequence of the water's buoyancy at the depth,
for example, of seven or eight fathoms, beyond
which I cannot speak from experience. The
perception of objects under water at this depth
is very indistinct, and their magnitude is aug-
mented, so that a very small shell appears rjt
large dimensions, and the diver is frequently
mortified by the discovery of the mistake wheii
he rises. Under the influence of hope the
diver is insensible to danger, although he sees
himself surrounded by sharks of prodigious ma&-
nitude. Armed with his short stick* he const-
ders the invasion of so formidable an enemy's
domains as unworthy of a moment's hesitation.,,
sooner
Anxious to grasp the prize he nays little re'ht •
d
which lie
descended
to the price of its attaaislmfinileren:te,
possesses than he is ready to fight tiles
v(v)ilietnhethefinl:ll)c; rirs'o'cne.w
fins of sharks rising above time sanface of the
water ; and armed only in the way I have de-
scribed I thought myself nerFs.ctly secure from
molestation ; notwithstanding they were swim-
ming round me in all directions, at no greater
distance than a few fathoms, I condnued my
pursuits with the greatest sang
.froid. I should
no more be capable, in my cool moments of re-
fiestion, of braving this inconceivably horrible
danger, where I might have been mangled and
torn to pieces by one of these implacable mon-
' sters, than of entering time tiger's den before his
breakfast at Exeter-change." "stoutest

" This stick is about t:,ino ;riches long, and is poitifnA
at both ends. The diver grasps it in the middle, and
n hen attAcked by 4 shark he thrusts it into the monster's
expanded jaws in such a pi:sition that, in attempting to
scar his tha jaw chores upon the two *harp points ;
thus secure.' he can do no mischief, but swi,ns away with
his martvrdo:n ; the diver rises, and seeks a new Wean
of defence."

T/IE ROBBERY AT DONCASTER.—After a
long extuniruttion at the Mitution-house, at Doucriiter, ou
Moutlay, which leered upwards of four houre, J.Ait4s alias
JOSIAH SMART, Of Brydges-street, Covent-ganlen; teas
luny committed to take his trial at the next Ytalt Assiz
for the above robbery. Illes,rs. MASON aryl Ccr.r.iNsou•
appeared as kOliCitt:rs fur the prosteutica, at.d Mr.
H visTQX for the prisoner.

THE WEST INDIA TRADE.

We announced some days ago that apprehen-
sions were entertained that our Government were

seriously thinking of throwing open the West

India trade to the United States. There is now

no doubt, extraordinary as it may appear, that
such is the fact. The negociations upon this
subject have been going on sub rosa for some

.
months. Letters from New York, dated the

15th of October, have been received, begging for

introductions to West India houses, " as the re-

Ltrietions," say the writers, " on our trade to the
West India islands are likely soon to be re-

moved." Thus we see that this all-important

question, to some of the first interests of the
state, is kept a profound secret in England, till
it creeps out, as it were, by accident ; while in
America, the thing has been known for at least
three months. The business is to be canvassed
and decided upon ; but they who are most in-
terested in it are not permitted to know any thing
about it. Our North American colonists felt

assured, after Mr. Canning's letter and Mr. Hus-
kisson's speech on the Tariff, last Session, that
they should, at any rate, be allowed to enjoy the
West India trade for a considerable lime, and

they consequently commenced extensive esta-
blishments, built warehouses, equipped ships,
and in every way exerted themselves to
take advantage of the privilege. All their
exertions, however, it would seem, are to be sa-
crificed to the conciliating system, the object of
which appears to be neither more nor less than
the promotion of foreign interests at the ex-
pense of our own. It may be too, that the mea-
sure now to be repealed is not a favourite with
the present Ministry, because it proceeded from
Mr. Canning ; but we can scarcely believe that
they can be actuated by any such paltry motives.
Certain it is, however, that those measures in
which they themselves acquiesced, such as the
Free Trade system, and the suppression of the
one-pound notes, though proved to be highly
pernicious, must not be touched, and for no
other reason, as we have good authority for
thinking, but because Ministers are determtned
to preserve their consistency. One would ima-
gine, that after the sacrifice of consistency which
some of them have made with regard to the
Roman Catholic question, they ought to be very
delicate on that point. A Correspondent ob-
serves, " it is probable that Mr. Rush, though
not a member of the present Government of the
United States, who was over here before Jack-

Son was in power, must have been feeling
his way, and that, true to the Yankee sys-
tem, he did not lose sight of his national inte-
rest, because a change was about to take place
in his Government." But, be this as it may, it
is quite evident the Americans have been at
work with some effect ; and it is high time that
those British merchants more immediately inte-
rested in this truly national question should
bestir theMselves. We believe that a de-
putatiqn has waited upon Mr. Fitzgerald upon
the subject, but how they were received, or what
took place upon the occasion, we have no means
of ascertaining. Report however says that the
audience with the great man was by no means
satisfactory, and that no positive information as
to the intentions of Government could be ob-
tained. The trade carried on between Canada
and the West India Colonies has already become
very extensive, and is greatly on the increase.
The 'following is a list of imports of West India
prOduce at Quebec only, from the opening of the
navigation, the end of April, to the 23d of Sep-
tember this year, and exports of provisions and
staves within the same period last year. This
list, it ought to be observed, refers only to the
port of Quebec, and, therefore, forms only a
portion of the exports and imports of our North
American colonies. It is true that the whole
of the imports may not have come direct from the
West Indies, nor may the whole of the staves
and provisions have been exported there ; as,
however, there are no means of separating them,

Re give the list as it is.
Impart of West India Produce to Quebec, and Exports of
Provisions and Staves from Quebec, from the com-
mencement of the Season—say the end of April 1829
to Sept. 22, 1829:
import:l from opening of the '
yavigation 1829 to Sept. 23.
Hutu, puncheons
Sugar, hhds 1,27
tiaree, - 535

tals. ,„ ................ 1,24
›:(Ames, ditk' ........... 491

Exports from opening of the
Navigation to Sept. 24, 1828.
Flour, brls 31,092
Wheat, bushels 98,090
Pork, brl4 B,lso
Beef, br!s.

Staves and Heading —4,151,033
Bawds and ...... 91'5,231

It shou:3 be recollected that the trade be
tween the West Indies and our North Arne,
rican colonies is a barter trade, and, as such, ex.
ceedingly valuable. The North American co-
lonists take provisions, boards, and staves, and
bring back rum, sugar, and molasses. The
United States trade is of a different nature alto-
gether. They take boards; staves, provisions,
and " notions," which they cell for cash, and
then go to the Danish and other islands; and pur-
chase their cargoes at cheaper rates than they buy
of our colonists, and sail with them to European
ports, thus draining our islands of specie, getting
all the freights of the produce of other settle-
ments, and interfering with us in the ultimate
market. The United States do not now want
sugar for home consumption, because they grow
it in more than sufficient quilt-ides on the Mis-
eippi. Cargoes, indeed, have actually appeared
at 5-I,=burg of American growth, shipped at
New Orlea4-3s. These are facts—and Mr. Vesey
Fitzgerald wishes to be considered a ill Eal Of
facts—these are facts which the Board of
Trade should not Jose sight of. If the West
India Colonies are to be drainita of specie,
of course they will have no cant to buy
English manufactured goods with. The woe.
no doubt, for throwing open the trade, is the
opening a market, by the amelioration of the
American tariff, for British manufactures. But
are not the Americans similarly situated with re-
gard to the major part of those articles as they
are with regard to West India sugars ? Can
they not, or rather do they not, produce' the
greater part of the manufactured goods them-
selves ? The Government will find that they
are greatly mistaken if they imagine that an ex-
tetwye trade will ever again be carried on be-
tween America and this country. It is nonsense
to suppose that Congress will modify the tariff
to such au extent as to materially benefit this
country. In justice to their own manufacturers
they cannot do it. We have no doubt, however,
that some modification of the tariii is contem-
plated the next Sasaion of Congress ; bat, we
itepeat, it is ridiculous to imagine that any thing
of the kind will be done for 04,:r benefit. They
have made an attempt at universal manufacture,
which they have found to be impracticabie. The
consequence will be, that the protection will be
taken from those few articles which they cannot
protect with advantage, but the importation of
those which they can, will still be prevented by
prohibitory duties. Of this we may be assured,
that whatever they do, they will do for their own
benefit, not for ours.. The Yankees know
nothing of reciprocity etcept that kind which i's
all on their own side.-- orning Herald.
1.1
, Ly.

LONDON,
THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 19, 1829.

The Duke of WELLINGTON arrived in town,
at eleven o'clock this morning, from the seat of
the Marquis of SALISIKRY, at Hatfield, Herts

The French Papers of Tuesday have been
received this morning by express, from which
the following are extracts :---
(From the Messager des Chambres of Taeeday..—Second

Edition.)
FRONTIERS OF WALLACHIA, OCT. 23.
On the 21st a fire broke out at Bucharest in a house
IFeri for a military magazine, which destroyed military
store;; Ap the amount of 100,000 rubles in bank notes.
Happily thee vc; no wind, se that the fire did not extend
to any other building, 4_ !platter of the town of Tyrgo-
wetly has been destroyed by 'fire. v_alarasch is surrounded
by a military cordon, on account 0? the piar,:_;e which pre-
vails q.,,,ere.
Next win'Aer the two principalities will be inundated
with Russian troop:. Six battalions of infantry, ten
squadrons of cavalry, with train of artillery belonging to
the corps of General Kisseloff, and a ;rep„iment of Cossacks
of the .corps cf General Geismar, will pass th.f. Danube at
SiliStria in the course of this month. Three divisiono
will afterwards cross it pt

BERLIN, NOV. 5.
The etnticoal eyehange of curer showg that political

negotiations are continued a ith some activity. There is
no doubt that the treaty of Adrianople will be followed by
numerous important results, especially the determination
of the future fate of Greece. Every thing that transpires
relative to these negotiations convinces us that they are of
a friendly and pacific character, and that no trace of acri-
mony appears in the language of the Courts as some Jour.
nals would make us believe.
(From the Gazette de France of Tuesday.)
TELEGRAPHIC DESPATCH.
BOURDNAUX, NOV. 16.
The Prefect of the Gironde to Count de la Boor-
donnaye—" M. Bose has been elected Deputy by the
College of the Gironde. Out of 580 votes M. Bose ob-
tained 270, and the Mayor of Bourdeaux 257." On this
occasion twenty-five Royalists neglected to have their
names inscribed on the list of electors, and thirty who
bad inscribed their names did not go to the College. We
hope that this lesson will not be lost on any new election.
Thus of seven elections which have taken place since the
appointment of the present Ministry, four are in favour of
Royalist opinions, and three of the Liberal side. No new
election can take place in consequence of a resignation,
before they are communicated to the Minister of the

Interior.
PARIS STOCK EXCHANGE, Nov. 17.—Five per Cents.
108 f. 65c. 60c. 55c. ; Four per Cents. 104 f. ; Three
per Cents. 84f. 83f. 95c. 84c. 83f. 90c. ; Rentes de
Naplts, 92f. 90c. 80c. 75c. ; Royal Spanish Loan, '79
78i; Rente Perp. d'Espagne, 55iiiii 55iii1 55;
Haytian Loam, 350 f. 355 f. Exchange on London—One
month, 25f. 70e. ; three months, 25f. 55c.
(From the Austrian Observer of Nov. 8.)
VIENNA, Nov. 7.—Metalliques, 1031; Bank Shares,

Brussels, Prussian, and German Papers have
been received, but their contents are not particu-
larly interesting. The Austrian Observer pub-

lishes the Protocol of the Conferences at Lon-
don, of the 16th November, 1828; together
with the annexed documents, all of which ap-
peared in the Allgemeine Zeitung of June last,

and other papers.
'rule Duke of BRUNSWICK 'IS, we presume,
going to take to the stage ; for we learn from the
Dusseldorf Journal, that his Highness has
lately issued a mandate prohibitin, the writing
of any criticism on the theatre of that city, either
for the hoine or foreign Journals. Perhaps the
Duke is to play Othello.
The Emperor of RUSSIA has been pleased
to allow the Academy of Sciences to import
books, instruments, and other things, relative to
the promotion of learning, duty free. This is
politic as well as liberal. In the sitting of the
Second Chamber of the States-General on the
12th, the question of the admissibility of M.
BRUGMANS as member of the Chamber, was
discussed and decided against the report of a
Committee, the majority of which had judged
him eligible ; 45 members voted against the re-
port, and 41 for it : the election of M. BURG-
MANS was therefore declared void.

By our advices from Madrid to the 6th inst.,
we learn that Don MIGUEL had created M.
d'AcosTA, the Spanish Ambassador at Lisbon,
a Grandee of Portugal, in consequence of his
services in procuring the acknowledgement of
Don MIGUEL as King.

Don PEDRO LABRADOR had been named
Ambassador from Spain to the Court of Naples.
Shocks of earthgnake continued to be felt on
the Spanish coasts of the Mediterranean.

It appears by the following, from our Paris
Correspondent, that there is no doubt of M. LA
BOURDONNAYE retiring from the Ministry.
His loss will, we apprehend, be a source of
strength to M. POLIGN AC ; but we do not see
how the latter can hope to carry on the Govern-
ment with a bare six of a majority :

" PARIS, NOV. 17.

" The retirement from the Ministry of M. de la
Bourdonnaye, although not yet officially announced,
seems now to be placed beyond all question. The
Gazette of last night, which is in general so for-
ward to contradict any similar rumour, in place of
declaring his demission to be an error of the jour-
nals, or a lie of the day, says what seems to amount
to a tacit, if not a positive, admission of its truth :
" If the Minister of the Interior leave the Ca-
" binet, the act will be the result of his own will
"' only, and not any concession of Royalty to re-
" volution.

" Whatever may take place, the system will cer-
" tainly not be changed; the Ministry will not
" depart from the Monarchical line, the only one
" 4 which can be followed by the King, and by the
" two other legislative powers.'
" The Quotidienne of this morning is equally cau-
tious. After quoting an article from the Constitu-
tionnel, containing the statement of M. de la Bour-
donnaye's retirement, and ending with an expres-
sion of the writer's hope that the man of categories
as he is called, was at length about to ' to do hint-,
" 4 self justice,' the Quotidienne contents himself
with saying :

" We affirm nothing as to this intelligence, for
" we have not, like the liberal journals, the privi-
" ' lege of listening at the door of the Council-
"' chamber ; but at all events we would remark to
" the Constitutionnel that it is very bad taste, in
" announcing a man's retirement to conclude with
4 ' abusing him.'
" Even the Drapeau Blanc, the most violent
supporter of the ultra Royalist party, at the end of
a long tirade in his paper of this morning against
his Constitutional antagonists, observes :
" Let the factious resign their revolutionary doc-
" trines, and M. de la Bourdonnaye will resign his

" ' functions.'

" The immediate causes of M. de la Bourdon-
nave's retirement are variously reported ; but that
which has obtained the most general belief is, that
the vital question, whether the Ministry could corn-
marod an effectual majority in the Chamber of De-
puties, having been agitated in the Cabinet, the
Minister of the Interior had given it as his opinion,
that with the present Chamber it was impossible,
but that he would undertake to answer for the issue
of an appeal to the constituent body by a general
election. His voice was therefore for an immediate
dissolution, while all his colleagues were of opinion
that the Chambers should not be dissolved till after
the opening of the Session, when it could be ascer-
tained whether so strong a measure was necessary
to the existence of the Ministry. Some say that
the Prince de Poligna,z s confident of a majority in
the present Chamber, and that be has calculated
his strength with so much nicety, as to be able to
reckon on a balance of six voices in his favour.
" Another account is, that a proposal had been
made in the Cabine: to revive the office of President

of the Council, in the person of the Prince de Po.l
lignac, and that M. de la Bourdonnaye had opposed
himself to the measure, saying in his peculiar man-
ner, that he would have no other chief Lut the
King, that with reference to each other the Mini-
sters should all be on a footing of perfect equality,
and that it was obvious his own views were per-
fectly disinterested, as at the period of the accession
of the present Cabinet to power, he might himself
have had the title of President of the Council, but
that he had not chosen to accept it. It is added,
that M. de la Bourdonnaye has refused the Peerage
which has been offered him on his retirement, say-
ing that he would continue to occupy his old place
at the extreme right of the Chamber of Deputies.
" As to the succession to the vacancy which has
thus arisen, there is of course a variety of rumours
afloat. The accession of M. de Martignac to the
Ministry is spoken of in some circles with consider-
able confidence, but as that would infer a change of
measures as well as men, I can see nothing to war-
rant the supposition, in the deference which has
been paid to public opinion, by parting with M. de
la Bourdonnaye. It is stated, with more appear-
ance of foundation, that the vacancy will be sup-
plied by some internal change in the Cabinet itself,
such as. that M. de Montbel, the Minister of Public
Instruction, will assume the portfolio of the Home
Department, and be replaced in his present office by
M. de Vitrolles; or that M. d'Haussez, the Mini-
ster of Marine, will be appointed to the vacant
office, and be replaced by M. Beugnot, who occu-
pied the Department of the Navy at the period of
Napoleon's triumphal march to Paris, from his first
place of exile in the island of Elba. M. Beugnot
is acknowledged to be a man of talent, and it is said
by some that he will himself be appointed to the
Ministry of the Interior.
" The Electoral College of Bordeaux has, it ap-
pears, by a telegraphic communication, returned M.
J. J. Bose, the Constitutional candidate, as the De-
puty for the department of the Gironde, in the room
of M. Havez, who has been elevated to the Peerage.
The Mayor of Bordeaux, the Ministerial candidate,
had 257 votes, while M. Bose had 270.
" It appears by private letters from St. Peters-
burgh, of the 31st of October, that Count Die-
bitsch has been authorised by the Emperor of Rus-
sia to deliver the passports required by Halil Nadia
in proceeding on his extraordinary mission to the
Russian Government. This simple announcement
has, it appears, given rise at St. Petersburgh to a
great variety of conjectures as to the probable suc-
cess of the Turkish Ambassador in the object of
his mission ; but since it is scarcely possible to con-
ceive a satisfactory reason for refusing the passports
demanded, the fact of their having been granted
seems to afford but a slender basis for the conjectural
superstructure which have been raised upon it.
" Lord Stuart de Rothesay had a private audi-
ence of the King of France on Sunday, to deliver
the answer of his Sovereign to the letter by which
the Prince de Polignac was recalled from the em-
bassy to London.
" It was stated a few days ago, in a Calais News-
paper, the Propagaleur du pas de Calais, that the
contraband goods introduced into France, with the
effects of the Prince de Polignac, had been sent
back to England. This statement was repeated on
Sunday last, by the Conslilulionnil, who argued
that the re-exportation of the prohibited articles was
illegal, as their sale to the profit of the Treasury
was formally prescribed by law. In answer to this
statement, a letter from the Marquis de Vaulchier,
the Director-General of the Customs, appeared in
the Constitutionnel of yesterday, asserting that the
original averment was totally unfounded, and add-
ing, that the prohibited articles, concealed by
"4 faithless agents among the effects of the Prince
"' de Polignac, had all been seized with a view to
" judicial confiscation; and that they would be
" exposed to sale after the lapse of the period no-
"' quired by law.
" With reference to the accident which befel Mr.
Ellis,theEnglish Vice-Consul at Tangiers,a few days
ago, by falling into the sea at the moment of his
embarking on board a French frigate at Cadiz, it is
stated in the Quolidienne of this morning, that, in
place of causing his death, as had been apprehended,
the accident, on the contrary, had operated a perfect
cure of all the complaints, physical as well as moral,
with which the Vice-Consul had been previously
affected."

A report has been in circulation within these
last few days that Ministers intend to rescind
the law which restrains Country Bankers from
issuing one pound notes. We have not been
able to trace the report to any authentic source,
and we are inclined to look upon it as one of
the many stories which are periodicallfraunched
previously to the meeting of Parliament. Had
the measure been one upon which great differ-
ence of opinion had existed, there might have
been grounds for a change of policy, but when
Parliament, after the most mature deliberation,
thought it due to the best interests of the country
to agree, almost unanimously, to annihilate the
Small Currency, it is not very likely that it

should turn suddenly round upon its own de-
cisions. At the same time we are not insen-
sible to the fact that the measure has been pro-
ductive of a great deal of embarrassment amongst
dealers in the country who feel themselves sud-
denly deprived of that accommodation upon
which they were wont to rely. We deny,
however, that the distress now prevailing is solely
to be attributed to the Small Note Bill ; and

we regret to see many of our provincial cotem-
poraries throwing dust in the eyes of their readers,
and telling them that a Bank Restriction Bill,
and the repeal of the Bill of 1825, are the true
remedies for this distress.

Is it possible that persons so well informed
can recommend such remedies ? Even Mr.
HORACE HERBERT himself, who tells us, that
in the Act of the 7th of GEO. IV., cap. 6—Le-
gislation has run mad, and that having once
fixed upon a standard, Parliament has no right
to interfere in the obligations between one indi-
vidual and another--even this warm and, we be-
lieve, conscientious apologist of the one-pound
note system Imould be ashamed to lend himself to
such delusion. A very few weeks, however, will
convince the public that his Majesty's Govern-
ment have no serious intention again to disturb
the Currency, or if they do that the change
II must arise from a thorough conviction of its in-
!