The Sun.
London, England, 1845-01-04 00:00:00

)I)PERTISRMENT.:•i IYSERTED i, ALL THE THREE PAPERS, Morning Noon. and Nigkty thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE.

NOW OPEN.
UNIQUE EXHIBMON.-BATTLE OF
WATERLOO.

Ne.ve Nindel, upon a very Lage representing the Splendid
Charge in the turner part of the Battle ey the Br fish heavy Ca.
vales urder the Marquis of Angleiea, and by the British Infantry
unue: :_r Thomas Piston.

EGYPTIAN HALL, PICCADILLY.
Open from Ten till Five; and in the Evenings, brilliantly
illuminated, from Seves till Ten.
Admission, One Shilling.

GENE P., A. I. I'OM THUMB.
The AMERICAN MAN in NTINIATURZ has returned
to London and is now holdinc his PUBLIC LEVEE!. at the 4-7.
lery, in Suffiilk.street, Pall-mall. The General has been visiting tne
principal towns in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and has met
with unprvceden,ed succeel. Whilst in Edinburgh the General
was presented with a beautiful Highland dress, of the Royal
Stuart Tartan, manufactured by Messrs. Meyers and Mortimer, in
which he will app-ar at each exhibition, in addition to his Citizen,
Napoleon, and Court efress. Hours of Exhibition from Eleven to
One, Three to Five, and from Seven to Nine. Doors open half
an hour previous. Admission (regardless of age), One Shilling.
The General's Miniature Equipage will be exhibited daily from
Four to Half.past Five, and from Eight to Half-past Nine, P.M.
at I'2l, Pall-mall, at the trifling charge of Threepence, merely to
defray the rent of the room.
DRAWING-ROOM CLOCKS.
AB. SAVORY and SONS, No. 9, Cornhill,
• London, opposite the Bank of England, invite attention to a
plendid varietyof Rosewood, China, Bronze, and Ormolu CLOC Ks ;
hey go for eight days, and strike the hours aid half-hour 3. Price
Four Guineas, Seven Guineas, and Ten Guineas each, and upwards.
The performance is warranted.
A Pamphlet, with detailed lists of rrices, and illustrated with
sketches, may be had on application, gratis, or sent to all parts of
(treat Britain and Ireland, postage free, in answer to a paid letter.

MARINE VILLA.
Opposite the Duke of Devonshire's.
TO BE LEI. FOR A TERM OF YEARS.

AMARINE VILLA, vis-a-vis to hi.; Grace the*
DUKE of DEVONSHIRE'S MANSION IN KEMP.

TOWN.

It may be well to observe that the Residence to be let has just
arrived at its completion; it has been created at an immense ex-
pense under the guidance of Mr. Beasley, the celebrated Architect,
and completed by Mr. Reynolds, who has justly acquired so much
fame and celebrity in his erection of the Kensington Park Villas at
Bayswater; it is fitted up in the most perfect order throughout, and
for tact and elegance the ensemble claims to have no successful rival
in-Brighten. There is a double Coachhouse, 4-stall Stable, and four
convenient rooms for the male portion of the establishment over
the same. The Rent for 14 or 21 years, 250 guineas a year. It
is fitted throughout with elegant massive Statuary and other
marble Chimney-pieces and corresponding stoves in every room,
with a kitchen apparatus most perfect.
The following is a short summary of what will be conspicuous
within :—There are 4 superior Bed-chambers, 5 smaller ditto,
and 3 Dressing-rooms ; 2 noble Drawing-rooms, with elegant
Conservatory, Balcony and Verandah, 2 excellent Dining Par-
lours, Library, Lots of Closets, and 4 Commodities. The base..
resent is faultless—it includes Housekeeper's Room with bed-room
attached, Store Room, Servants' Hall, Footman's Room, and
Butler's Room, Strong Closets, a famous Kitchen capitally fitted
up, cool Larder, Coal, Wine, and Beer Cellars, kc. &c
Particulars •f Mr. George Robins, at his temporary abode, 4
Brunswick.terrace, Brighton, end at his offices in London.

DRAWING GALLERY, 181, Maddox-street,
Hanover square.
In a few days this Gall,ry will be re-opened for the Study of
Model, Drawing and Practical Perspective—the Human Figure
and Anatomy.
Further information respecting the Evening Classes may be ab•
tained at Mes,sm Dickenson and Son's Lithographic Establishment,
114, New Bond-street.

ROTAI. P().I,YTECHNIC INSTITITTION.
Christmas Holidays. One of the brilliant novelties is
CHROMATROPE, New Suhiects in Nature and
Art for the PROTEOB,7OPI:. The PITYSIOSCOPE. The first Ex-
hibition 6; a *cries of beautiful DIASOLVENV VIEWS. On the
Ev,,nliut, of I ti,xlave an' Tharsd*s str. C. IIOR"-7 lectures on
th.. MUSIC of DIFFEEENT NA'fIONS. De. RYAN'S aid Pro-
fessor BACIITIOFFNER3 varied LE'C'r CTRESI duly. Dr. RYAN
also Lectures on the Evenings of ,londay, Wednesday, and Friday.
The whole of the Lectures abound in interesting Experiments.
8171331ARINE EXI'ERIMENTS by means of the DIVING-BELL
and DIVER. Tho COLOSSAL ELECTRICAL MACHINE.
Actmiggion, is.; Sonatas, dB.4f-PT/0,..
A Now Edition of the CATALOqUE, containing Three Plnudroel
additional Works of Art, &c., innce the last revisal, Is just published.
price is.

FM.PI,I Y ENT.—Persons having a little time
to spare are apprised that Agents centlnue to be appointed in
London, and country towns, by the EAST INDIA TEA COMPANY,
or the sale of their celebrated teas. .

Offees, No. 9, Great St. Liam's-churchyard, Itishopagate-stryt.l
They are packed in showy leaden canisters, &mu one ounce a
pound, with the price and weight marked an each packet, aid but
lttle trouble is occasioned by the sale. The license is only I Is. per
annam, and many during tke last nineteen years have realised con-
siderable incomes by the agency without ens shilling let or loss.
Application to he mate (if by letter post-paid) as above.

PURSUANT to a DECREE of the HIGH
COURT of CHANCERY, made in a cause CORBYN against
11ER MAJESTY'S ATTOIINET-GENERAL, the NEXT OF KIX
of MARY PIIILIPPS, spinster, formerly of Halifax, Nova Scotia, in
North Americc., afterwards of River-street, in the city of Bath, then
of Great Russell-street, Bloomsbury, in the county of Middlesex, but
late of Boulogne-Aur-Mer, in the kingdom of France (who died at a
very advanced ego at Boulogne, in the month of December, 1842),
living at her death, or the personal representative or representatives
of any of them who havo since died, are by their solicitors, on or
before the 12th day ofJanuary, 1845, to conic in and prove their kin-
dred, and make out their claims before Sir GIFFIN Witsoar, ono of
the Masters of the said Court, at his Chambers, in Southampton-
buildings, Chancery-lane, London; or in default thereof, they will
peremptorily be excluded the benefit of the said decree.
The father of the said Mary Philipps was John Philipps, who
carried on the business of a chemist and druggist at Halifax. afore-
said, from the years 1765 to 1800, and who died and was buried at
Kensington, in the county of Middlesex, in the year 1801. The
mother of the said Mary Philipps is said to have been " Judith,"
otherwise " Jude," ono of the daughters of Dr. Wood, Rector of
Annapolis, in the same province, whose other children are said to
have been Mary, the wife of Mr. Day, of Halifax aforesaid, mer-
chant, and Jane, wife of Captain Shaw, of a Highland regiment, in
the service of his then Majesty.
PRICE and BOLTON, Plaintiff's Solicitors.
AND LIFE ASSUR-
131PANY.
1 the Entrance of the Old Post
London.
3CTOIL7.
S, Esq., Chairman.
, Esq., Deputy,Chainnan.
„Lewis Loyd, jun., Esq.
George Lyall, Esq., M.P.
Stewart Marjoribanks, Esq., M.P.
John Martin, Esq.. M.P.
Rowland Mitchell, Esq.
Robert Milford, Esq.
Henry R. Reynolds, Jan., Esq.
John Thornton, Esq.
Jamea Tulloch, Esq.
Togs.

GUARDIAN FIRE
ASCE CO
3Zo. 11, LOMBARD-STREET, at
office, I
DJaR
JAMES MORRIS
JOHN LABOUCHERE,
Henry Hulso Items, ;
John W. Buckle, Esq.
John Dixon, Esq.
Francis Hart Dyko, Esq.
Sir IV-alter R. Farquhar, Bart.
Thomson ILeakey,jun., Esq.
John Harvey, Esq.
George Johnstone, Esq.
John Loch, Esq.

AUDI'

A. W. 12oharts, Esq I Henry Sykes Thornton, Esq.
Samuel Jones Loyd, Esq. George Stone, Esq.
Acit;AaY—Orittith Davios, Esq., F.H.S.

fit the Lipp; DEPARTMENT, s. Bonus wag secured in June
1824, .excceciing one per cent. per annnin on the eums insured, on an
average of the diffnent Ages; and two subsequent divisions of nearly
cqusl amounts wcro made up to Christmas 183:5 and Christmas 1842.
On an average of the three divisions the Reversionary Bonugeo added
to the sever'!] Policies at the end of every seven years amounted to
about 27 per cent. on the total premiums paid thereon during those
seve❑ years, and the whole amount of Bonuses allotted at the three
Septennial divisions exceeded ;.:?'l,OOOl.
In the FIRE DEPARTMENT, a Return of profit wati declared
on the sth of June, upon the premiums received on all Polieics
which had been in force seven years at Christmas 1543, and the same
is now in course of payment dr.!ly (Friday and Saturday excepted)
between the hours of ten and three o'clock.
Notice is hereby given, That Assurances which expire at Christ-
mas must be renewed within rifteen days et this Office, or with
Mr. SAMS, No.l, St. James's-street, corner of Pall Mali ; or with the
Company's Agents throughout the Kingdom, otherwise they become
void. GEORGE KEYS, secretary.

NATIONAL MERCANTILE LIFE ASSU-
RANCE SOCI4TY. Arthur-street West, Landon-)ridge.
Established in 1837.
DIRECTORS.
EnwAits 13A.KER, Esq.
GILES REDMAYNE, Esq.
w)B3RT WILCOXON, Esq.
GEORGE MOORE, EBq.
PETER MILT, Esq.
GEORGE CERMIAM, Esq., M.P.
BANKERS.
Mes'rs. PRESCOTT, GROTE, and CO.
Lives continue to bo assured in this °Mee ON EVERY KNOWN
SYSTEM—Annuities Immediate aid deferred.

THE FINEST WAX AND SPERMACETI
CANDLES.—Those who burn these are respectfully
recommends/el to make one trial whether PRICE'S PATENT
CANDLES, at one-third of the cost, do not burn better.
They may be had of respectable dealers throughout the kingdom,
if care can be taken to prevent any imitations being passed off as
the Patent Candles; ant the Trade may obtain Om wholesale from
Edward Price and Co., Belmont, Vauxhall, nd rainier ant Co.,
Sutton-street, Clerkenwell.

Price 3d. ; stampod 4d.
THE GREAT GUN, No. 8. Extraordinary
Illustrations. Tlic cheapest publication ever issued from the

Press.
Twelfth Night Characters: comprising Twelve Caricatures by
Doyle—Burieiques and Pantomimes at the Haymarket, Lyceum,
Princess's, Adelpht, Dru-y-lane, and Covent-garden, with Seventeen
Comical Cuts—lllustrations of Albert Smith's " Latch-key," and " A
Bell that ltang the Old Year Out," by Phlz—The Gun of an Evening
party, by Alfred Crowquill—Fireside Farces, with Four Cuts, by
Henning—Pleasure f rips, Sergeant—Sporting—The British Must-
clans—Facetise—The Prtsidssat's Message--Fine Arts—Nuts and
Nut Crackers, &c.
Office, 63, Fleet-street; where back Numbers nay be procured.
Nos. G and 7, with upwards of 60 cuts, owing to the demand, have
been reprinted. May be had of all Booksellers and Newaveaders
in town or country. Day of publication on Thursday morning.

TEE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PASSIONS.
" What passions hurt the body, what improve ;
Truths as mitred as Athens even heard."
The Fiftieth Thousand. Forty Engravings, price ls., by post, Is. 6d.
ON CHASTITY—its Abuses and Diseases—On
Matrimonial Eligibility and Unfitness—Oa Infelicitous and
Unproductive Unions—Curiosities of Medical Experience—Law o
Divorce, &c.
By R. J. CULVERWELL, M.D.,
Member of the Royal College of Surgeons of England, Licentiate of
the Hall, and twenty-three years Resident Practitioner in Loud.
" Of human ills and frailties I discourse,
Those taught by nature and by art acquir'd.
Of griefs conoeal'd, and disappointments keen,
Which young and gentle—the matured and sage—
The lonely and the mated—all sustain ;
In kindly spirit herein counsel's given,
How health, how hope, how happiness to gain."
Sherwood, 23, Paternoster-row ; Carvalho, 147, Fleet-street ,
'Janney, 63, Oxford-street; Mann, 39, Cornhill ; and the Author, 21,
Arundel-street, Strand.—A• home daily till Two : Evenings, Seven
till Nine.

A NEW AND IMPORTANT EDITION OF THE SILENT
FRIEND ON HUMAN FRAILTY._ _

Just published, price 2s. 64., and free by poet (in a sealed envelope).
Price 3s. 6d.,
THE SILENT FRIEND • a Medical Work on
Human Frailty and Physical Lacey, its causes, and the
baneffil effects of excessive indulgence and infection, illustrated
by engravings, with observations en Marriage, and directions for
the removal of certain disqualifications.
ft. and L. PERRY and CO.
Published by the Authors, and sold at their Residence, 19, Reimers.
street, Oxford-street ; also by Strange, 21, Paternoster-row ; Pinkie,
compton-street, Soho; Noble, 109, Chancery-lane;• Hannay and
Ca.., 63, Oxford-street; .1. Gordon, 146, Leadenball-street, Lon-
don ; and by all Booksellers in Town and Country.
OPINIONS OF THE PRESS.

We regard the work before us,'' The Silent Friend,' as a
work embracing most clear and practical views of a eerie@ of com-
plaints hitherto little understood, and passed over by the majority of
the Dledical profession, tot what reason we are at a lout o know.
Weinust, however, confess that a perusal of this work has left such
a favourable impression on our minds, that we not only recommend,
but cordially wish every one who is the victim of past folly, or suffer-
ing from indiscretion, to profit by the advice contained in its pages."
—Age and Argus.
4 The Authors of ' The Silent Friend,' seem to be thoroughly
conversant with the treatment of a class of complaints which are, we
fear, too prevalent in the present day. The perspicuous style in
which this hook is written, and the valuable nuns it conveys to
those who are apprehensive of entering the marriage state, cannot
fail to recommend it to a careful perusal."— Era.
The t:OIWIAL BALM or SYR). AC IJM is exclusively directed
for the curs of nervous awl muscular debility, Impuissance, tte.
Price l Is. and ?Ss. per bottle. Sold by all Medic tee Vendors, of
whom may be had the " Silent Friend." The Five Found Cases
intiv he had as usuaL
• fiEß.ft "S i U Ulf IN (4 SPEfI TIC PILLS are tne tnost etibctua
for syphilis and secondary symptoms lb both sexes, price lb. WI.
4«, c•. 1., and I la. per box,
Consultation Ice, if by letter, 11. A minute detail of cases is ne-
• ck'ssary. klessrs Pell-, are in attendance, for Consultation, at
*hr.* resik:encs, le erriet a-street, ')xforci.str eet, ,:ncicni from
4.,11 Twn. lido tve till i;,11,t, and ,'n busyl-y$ "ren
'MA Tat L.:mt.!. eft“:l,iitiroruierst cure

DIR ECT NORTHERN RAILWAY from
LONDON to YORK, by LINCOLN.—The Committee
have prepared and printed a statement of " Tho Casa and Merits
of the Direct Northern Railway," Copies of which may be ob.
Weed by Shareholders and parties interested in the line by per.
' sonal application at the Offices of the Company, or by letter, post
paid, stirred to the Secretary.
By order of the Committee,
WILLIAM AMSINCK, Secretary.
Direct Northern Railway Company's Offices, 64, Moorgate.
street, Louden, Jan. 1, 1545.

DIRECT NORTHERN RAIL, WAY from
LONDON to YORK, by LINCOLN.--The Committee
beg to intimate to the Sh,ireholders that the several Parliamentary
and Parish Deposits, as well as the Notices to Landowners, Les-
seea, and Occupiers, hare been duly completed, and the whole of
the Standing Orders complied with up to the present time, so as to
enable the Committee to proceed to Parliament.

By order of the Committee,
WILLIAM AMSINCK, Secretary.
Direct Northern Railway Company's Offinee, 64, Moorgate-
street, London, Jan. 1, 1845.
___

DRAWING FRon MODELS -EXETER-
HALL—on the METHOD SANCTIONED by the
COMMITTEE of COUNCIL on EDUCATION.

CLASSES under the DIRECTION of Mr. GANDEE, Teacher
of Perspective, Drawing, &c., will commence on TUESDAY, Jan. 7th.
Terms, and further particulars, may be obtained at the Hall.

FRIDAY NIGHT'S GAZETTE.
DOWNING-STREET, JAN. 1, 1845.
The Queen has been pleased to appoint Thomas
Thompson, Esq., to
.be Superintendent of Police for the
Island of Ceylon.
CROWN-OFFICE, JAN. 3.
MEMBER RETURNED TO SERVE IN THIS PRESENT
PARLIAMENT.
BOROUGH or DARTMOUTIL—Joseph Somes, Esq., in
the room of Sir John Henry Seale, Bart., deceased.
WAR-OFFICE, JAN. 3.
sth Regiment of Foot—Ensign G. S. Home, from the
55th Foot, to ha Second Lieutenant, vice Shipley, who
exchanges, Jan. 3.
25th Foot—Lieut. C. J. S. Wallace, from the 26th
Foot, to be Lieutenant, vice Roberts, who exchanges,
Jan. 3.
26th Foot—Lieut. B. M. Roberts, from the 25th Foot,
to be Lieutenant, vice C. J. S. Wallace, who exchanges,
Jan. 3.
36th Foot—Lieutenant T. Southall to be Captain,
without purchase, vice Robert Woodhouse, who retires
upon full pay ; Ensign E. T. Gloster to be Lieutenant,
without purchase, vice Southall ; Gentleman Cadet C.
F. T. Daniell, from the Royal Military College, to be
Ensign, without purchase, vice Gloster, Jan. 3.
74th Foot—Lieutenant R. T. Farren to be Captain,
without purchase, vice Vernon, deceased ; Ensign J.
H. Lowndes to be Lieutenant, without purchase, vice
Farren ; Sergeant-Major S. Pilkington to be Ensign,
without purchase, ♦ice Lowndes, Jan. 3.
55th Foot—Second Lieut. R. Y. Shipley, from the
sth Foot, to be Ensign, vice Home, who exchanges,
Jan. 3.
Ist West IncLa Regiment—Ensign G. Allan to be
Lieutenant, without purchase, vice Wieburg, who re•
signs ; C'..npany Sergeant-Major H. Jones to be Ensign,
vice Allan, Jan. 3.
Cape Moutitel Rifiernen—J, F. Borg, Gent., to be
Ensign, without purchase, vice William Fraser, cashiered
by the sentence fis General Court-martial, Jan. 3.
HosenAL STAFF.—G. A. F. Shelton, M. 8., to be
Assistant-Surgeon to the Forces, vice Brown, deceased,
Jan. 3.
UNATTACHED —Brevet Major John De Lacy, from
36th Foot, to he Major, without purchase, Jau. 3.
MEMORANDUM.—The Christian names of Second-
Lieutenant Deere, of the 21st Foot, are Philip Charles.
Commission by the Lord-Lieutenant of Worcestershire.
R.Spo, ater,Ese„, to he Deputy Lieut•itant, Dec. 16,1844.
COMMIS6iOnt, by the Lord Lieutenant of Buckingham-
shire.
Royal Bucks, or King's Own Militia—Sir H. Verney,
Bart., to be Major, vice Sir W. L. Young, deceased ;
R. E. Smith. Gent.. to be Lieutenant, Nov. 29, 4844.
WHITELI ALL, DEC. 27, 1844.
The Lord Chaneellor has appointed George Edward
Sharland, of Gravesend, in the county of Kent, Gent.,
to be a Master Extraordinary in the High Court of
Chancery.

Liverpool—J. E., J., and R. Barnett, gunmakers, Mi-
nories (so far as regards R. Barnett)—J. C. C. Walton
and R. C. Webber, printers, Greenwich—J. and W.
Baker, stone merchants, \Vickersley, Yorkshire—C., J.,
and J. Sykes, cardmakers, Almon(lbury, Yorkshire—W.
Notman and W. Young, grocers, Bishopseate-street
Without—T. Allen and E. Chareptaloup, merchants,
Lawrence-lane, Cheapside—A. Wilson, sen., A.
Wilson, jun., and W. Jones, dealers in boots and
shoes, Crawford-street, Bryanstone-square—H. Evers-
field and J. Mabbott, printers, Gravesend—J. Churchill
and T. Spencer, alkali manufacturers, Eccleston, Lan-
cashire—ll. Grazabrook, H. Grazebrook, jun., and E.
Senior, iron merchants, Liverpool—G. Jaulerry, H. Mil
Bred, and J. V. De Goyeneche, Broad-street, City—T.
Forsyth and M. L. Pritchard, sharebrokers, Liverpool—
H. Woodhouse and C. Evart, sharebrokers, Manchester
—J. Lees, T. Lister, and W. Lees, ironmongers, Man-
chester—A. Rogers and G. Thorpe, merchants, Riches-
court. Lime-street, City—G. Jameson and T. Wilson,
linendrapers, Newcastle-upon-Tyne--J. and J. Blannin,
shipwrights, Bristol— J. Biddulpb, jun., G. J. Webb,
W. Williams, R. Nevill, jun., and C N. Broom, timber
merchants, Llanelly, Carmarthenshire—W. Gutch. and
L. Fox, surgeons, Broughton, Southampton—J. Smith,
R. Ouston, and J. Cochran, merchants, Hull—S. NeaT
and J. C. Gant, attorneys, Austin-friars, City—J. Hodg-
son and T. Taylor, printers, Liverpool—S. 0. Percival,
J. Parton, and R. Mackenzie, brokers, Liverpool—A.
Steele and W. Hobbs, cotton spinners—C. Bainbridge
and R, Waddington, ironmongers, Lincoln—A. Zipfel,
M. Ganter, M. Waldvogel, and J. Tritschler, clock-
makers, Oldham (so far as regards J. Tritschler)—C.
Hoar and G. D. Leary—C. Milner and A. Boyne, to-
bacconists, Cannon-street, City—G. Atkins and J. Hill,
grocers, Thrapston, Northamptonshire—J. Turner, W.
Thomson, and J. Spivey, woollen cloth merchants, Hud-
dersfield—R. H. Blacker and H. Bambrick, booksellers,
St. James's-street, Westminster—ll. Chorley and G.
Bulmer, surgeons, Leeds—T. Castle, F. Luck, 11. W.
Castle, J. Jones, and J. Wortley, Love-lane, City (so far
as regards I'. Castle)—G. Jones and W. W. Williams,
joiners, Liverpool—B. P. and J. Nunes, merchants, Bra-
bant-court, City—H. Flint and W. Shaw, brewers,
Kingston-upon-Thames—T. Evans and G. Cox, ship
builders, Northam, Devonshire—C. Smith and H. White-
legge, traders in white muslin, Manchester—T. Sotham
and W. Wing, auctioneers, Wootton, Oxfordshire—
R. W. Jackson and J. Bury, jun., attorneys, Stockton-
upon -Tees—S. Lloyd, E. Brodribb, and J. Stewart, tea
brokerq, Liverpool (so far as regards J. Stea art)—W.
Lanfear, jun., and S. Locke, hearth-rug manufacturers,
Lant-street, Southwark—S. and S. B. Bucknill, surgeons.
Rugby, Warwickshire—A. E. Heath and H Coupland,
chemists, Liverpool—S. Jones and W. Corlet, tailors,
Liverpool—W. Ridgway and F. Morley, china menu.
facturers, Stoke. upon-Trent—J. and J. Wright, millers,
Churchill, Cheshire—C. Busbey and D. Basset, meal-
men, Uxbridge—H. and W. Anderson, New Orleans—
F. and H. Headly, farmers, Cherryhinton, Cambridge-
shire—G. and J. White and T. Goulden, sen., cabinet
makers, Canterbury—J. I3lackburne and C. Bell, tailors,
Liverpool—W. and J. Naylor and W., J., and G. F.
Sykes, coal masters. Birstal, Yorkshire.

THE LAW OF SETTLEiIIEitiT.

TO THE SOCIETY OF CLERKS OF THE
UNIONS OF THE NORTHERN Disntic
OF ENGLAND.
In complying with your request that I should furnish
in detail the plan of national poor-law relief suggested
by me at our meetings during the past year, in order
that its bearings might be considered with reference to
the suggested Bill, as introduced into the House of Com-
hmaotnn
jurist
itthaei
pcdl o,s,eAo fßtihi Itna ste
nsness
os ti)dna
they
and Sir Jaammeensd G
trhae-
DUNS relating to Parochial Settlement, and to the He-
naoval of the Poor;" I am fully aware of the great re-
sponsiaility and difficulties attendant on the course of
any one attempting an alteration of existing laws, or
opposing settled opinions and fixed prejudices. I will
premise that it has now become a maxim of our consti-
tution that no poor person in England shall exist in
want for a longer period than his requirements shall
become known to the proper authorities for the relief of
the poor.
To trace dawn the laws of settlement and relief from
Henry the Eighth to the present time, which I at first
contemplated (and which laws have wade this maxim),
is rendered unnecessary by the able report which since
your request I have had placed in my hands from a
Committee appointed by the town council of the borough
of Leicester. It were a work of supererogation again to
travel over ground so well occupied by that report; and
I proceed to the statement of facts connected with our
union of Stockport, and to the plan suggested, which
has been so favourably received by a body of gentlemen
connected as you are with a population of several mil-
lions, and with the principal manufacturing districts of
the north of England.
Under the laws so ably traced by the Leicester re-
port, the borough of Stockport has grown up from a
small ville, and become a populous manufacturing dis •
trict, containing 60,000 inhabitants.
For the purposes of the poor-laws it is divided into
five districts or townships, each maintaining its own
poor—namely, Stockport, Heaton Norris, Brinnington,
Cheadle Bulkelev, and Cheadle Moseley. Stockport
being the township originally located, has become built
up, and the population has extended into the adjacent
townships of Heaton Norris, Brinnington, Cheadle
Bulkeley, and Cheadle Moseley.
Stockport township has the largest amount of' poor,
and from its local position and from giving the name to
the district, it has also the disadvantage of paying for
ail casual paupers ; its neighbouring townships receive
all the advantages of the trade of Stockport, without any
of the disadvantages.
The poor-laws have been intended as a national ar-
rangement, and have become part of our constitution ;
but the method devised by our ancestors to carry these
laws into operation, was through the medium of arbi-
trary local divisions called parishes. These parishes
have in many cases been sub-divided into smaller arbi-
trary divisions called townships ; and by the Poor-law
Amendment Act these parishes and townships have been
united into larger districts called unions ; but in these
unions the relief of the poor of each township is kept
strictly separate, tied each township is exclusively
charged with the expenditure caused by the relief of its
own particular paupers.
By thus localising the charges of maintaining the poor,
whether in parishes or townships, much misery has been
and still is caused. Boards of guardians will act on
different principles : some paeperise whole districts ;
others depopulate them. Landowners cause the surplus
population to migrate. Manufacturers, in time of com-
mercial distress, send back again this originally agri-
cultural surplus population. Local authorities, as it
were, shoulder the miserable wretch requiring relief out
of their locality; and struggles in each district aro con-
tinually carried on through the medium of assistant
overseers, relieving officers, removal officers, magistrates
clerks, attorneys, and barristers-at-law, in reference to
pauper settlements; which struggles entail an enormous
expense on the parishioners; and all this to prevent the
necessity of a few shillings being given in time of need
to a pauper by one set of local authorities called over-
seers, which according to law declared through all the .
mazes of legal technicality, ought to be given by the
overseers of another locality. And as the relief in dis-
puted cases is generally given unwillingly (it may be
said as a general rule, with great parsimony), miserable
is the wretch who awaits the decision of a parish law-
suit, to ascertain by what parish his necessary relief
must be given.

What is the real remedy? Is it by destroying all
settlements but that of birth? or by changing the birth-
settlement by a settlement to be acquired from time to
time by a five years' residence in any other parish? This
would merely continue the evils of the present system;
nay, if possible, it would aggravate them. It would
cause the landowner to pull down every cottage on his
estate not absolutely required for his own labourer. It
would be a premium for cruelty. It wauld confer
different settlements by the mere result of the accident
of birth, on different members of the same family—(a
family of eight children might each have a different
birth-settlement); and lastly, by this legislative altera-
tion of existing settlements, in would cause one town-
ship to gain that which it would cause another township
to lose; and this without any sufficient reason, without
compeesation in any way.
The present law of settlement is well ascertained.
There are no difficulties now, save those as to the facts,
and those which arise from technicalities. Remove the
technical objections as soon as pos..ible. This may he
done; but the facts, in case of dispute, will always have
to be settled by evidence, and this therefore you cannot
settle by Act of Parliament. Not one appeal in ten at
the present day is decided on the merits. But few set-
tlements are disputed on a difference of opinion as to
what the merits are; technical objections, and those
only, are the questions decided by the courts. And I
hold it to he a disgrace to our Legislature, and to the
parties who expound the Acts of the Legislature, that
every advantage is given in our courts of law to tech-
nical objections. The rule of the courts of law is not.
Is the prisoner guilty ? or, Is the pauper really settled ?
but, Is the commitment technically worded, or the
examinations a perfect specimen of special pleeling ?
If after hearing a bug, learned, and elaborate address
from counsel, proving that according to law certain
words omitted ought to have been inserted in commit-
ment or order of removal, the Court of Queen's Bench
or quarter sessions, agreeing in opinion with the advo-
cate, were to send the commitment or order back to the
magistrate for correction, or correct it by oae of its
own officers, there would be no premium for technical
objections—justice would be done ; but much business
would be abolished, and criminals would not escape, nor
parishes be mulcted, as they do and are at present.
What, then, is the real remedy, the humane and
Christian-like remedy, for the evils of the present sys-
tem ? It is to make the relief of the poor purely na-
tional—to make every part of England where a poor
man may reside really and truly his home—to prevent
removal officers by law separating him from the place
where his happiest days have been spent—to snake the
relieving officer the real messenger of charity—to relieve
distress when and as soon as it arises—and to banish for
ever those insane struggles and legal fights to decide
from which local purse the necessary relief must be
abstracted.

And how is this to be done ? By abolishing the
poor's-rate altogether, and placing the relief of the poor
upon the Consolidated Fund. The army and navy are
kept out of this fund, and why should not the poor ?
The poor are caused by distress, agricultural and com-
mercial. In times of distress the Legislature is always
appealed to, and professes to be able to give a remedy ;
and surely for the purposes of this letter we may take it
for granted, that the Legislature is more or less answer-
able for the continuance of distress. It will be granted
that no individual township can in itself have any power
to cause, avert, or prevent national distress. Stockport
cannot cause or prevent distress as regards Heaton-
Norris, nor the converse. No one township, therefore,
ought to be detrimented by local distress. The law of
settlement was caused by a desire to prevent hordes of
beggars from rambling across the country, and maraud-
ing without warrant The destruction of it in the pre-
sent day would prevent them from rambling in the same
way with warrant, accompanied by official parties, at
immense expense to the parishes concerned.
To such a comprehensive plan as a general abolish-
ment of the poors'-rate, and with it the law of settle-
ment, I know there will be a horde of objectors. The
parish officer's occupation, who ferrets out settlements,
would be gone, and he is generally the clever man in
each union. His hostility would be roused against any
such plan. The removal officer, who journeys with
paupers from Land's End to Scotland, would be dis-
pensed with; would his evidence be in favour of such a
plan ? The magistrate's clerk, who receives now very
large fees for the examinations and removal orders,
would find his fees diminished; and he is a person of no
slight influence. The attorney-at-law, who conducts
the appeals and sessions business incident thereon, would
be minus his bill ; and I am not one to underrate the
influence which the attorneys have in this country. The
barristetsat-law, who only receives a fee after the ease
is fairly launched in court, would have no appeal busi-
ness. And let any one attend the Yorkshire sessions for
one appeal-day, and see the entry of settlement appeals
at Pontefract, and then ask if the barristers, as a class,
can be sufficiently patriotic to abandon settlement liti-
gation? I do not mean to say all the before mentioned in-
dividuals will oppose a comprehensive measure beneficial
to their country. There are individuals at all times
ready to come out from their class, and advocate views
detrimental to their class-interests. But in classes
class-interests Kill predominate; and it may fairly be
inferred that all those classes will oppose a genet al and
comprehensive view of the subject.
There are several ways of objecting to an alteration.
I will endeavour to deal with those which 1 can anti-
cipate.

Ist. It will be said, how can you make it a national
charge, and at the same time have a local distribution
of the relief ?

2d. At present, the comparative expense to some
tnwnshipe is light, and why should they lose the present
advantage ?

Tho first objection, which is in reality the only one,