The Sun.
London, England, 1842-03-23 00:00:00

............ tie te „
rural „,,, 5,.11 some books and t-acts in his osiession. The
Lit Cr:',, 'reeZavni_ll,rad stepped hint, asked him whaPt he was about,.
tests a,, the above answer, asked li'm where his
Ilk% - license was ? He said he had none, and, in tact, it
I,
aCt litely that a man without shoes to his feet, or
ihii his ripe°. his back, should have a hawke:'s license
t,i,tirsa,ofi:Lirnedacs..selta,.lll.eT.olief policeman immediately apprehended
'at to ti. pair of handcuffs on his wrists, and took
a farmer's house, and with another.
,eutd, isuao chained hint to the manger. The_policoman
loeset 'had another warrant 'to execute near Yarmouth,
%this in_ ung time to take the man to Norwich, secured him
t,:kelilitasnoner,_ by fastening him to the manger, though he had
47ttoth., Pw.f.or a mere act of vagrancy. The constable also
40..desitei „Ist, Of
and'anothe constable in the neighbourhood,
0, wd set i'''s to go. feed the man at two o'clock, as he
th'iOsketi, back till six or seven. In the course of the
Rte flreteran„lndividual came into the stable, supposed to be
ii3Osehe„ ,1,..t5tr1., proprietor of the stable, and this man
Cty. It _
al g from the manger, and set the prisoner at
,i 1.4,1_7 s afterwards doubted whether this was th,
dht; ,o u!.., but whoever he was, ho thought he did perfectly
ilisoit.l4l`4ll there had been a crowd of men who found a
stittlltug d,!' 'ltch a situation, they would have been justified
to sit, own the stable. Having been carried before one
~,liesh; mown
sgistratesof Norwich, and having ye ported the. case
Illitts.th'ee'flistable:of the rural police, the policeman, AN•h?:had
Rho co
heard of it, and immediately claimed
rser totekitt rite . carried him before another 'magistrate,
6,,isti at,d hire for a month to the House of Cor-
ky r„,nard labour, on his own admi•sion, that he
eiLisatthe'llous tracts without a license. Ile did not
6070fr:aistrate could do otherwise, it b ing a clear
totj'lN 04,3' Wel, the magistrate reported the case to
krill in tt_i the chief constab:e of Norfolk. There was
aividiksfrste r conduct of Colonel Oakes that called for any re-
Wte‘:attrid 4.• .He believed that a more kind or amiable in
as 4 the right list• If he had committed any error it was
roiesrel4ett la tectide• He said that he would not investigate
lisb-- the es-- . °" of his own men were concerned.fik
wlhlei
11;1;isedihe 701 to the Rev. Mr. Vaughan, from
.Nor 0, . ,
1411 Ite'• 0,4,11,iage of a great number of clerical justices.
se, hrehentiema-
A . had an objection to the man
1114:114(1,, ravel' the vagrant Smith, but another
Oate .c,,,-1;1 stro;',;- at°, the rector of Blow field, ha.]
tis, -"D'onel oaek Predilection for him, and he almost insisted.
or th:'eteresta ,_,? should an point hint superintendant. This
%1113struitan9 statinelittlheman subsequentlyP justified the conduct
expres fro. A 4 at there was no ground. for complaint
iiterf. nh!ssu,„..-ir• Palmer, another magistrate, afterwards
',.setereor,e', not price that this rector of Blowfiold.should have
ilesei writ. ueing one of the police committee. He,
iltiocr, otishi,s t.,° a Rev. Mr. Wilson, another clerical ma-
sot, illkt It nag Aim to look into the matter ; it was. under-
oosis,, Isly 'to bz referred to the eitminittee, but it went
qte,' ihe' wilsen the summer ass:zes took place. At these
tski ancl itPoticeroan. Smith was examined in another
Noeng the.- cattle out 'that he was in the habit of
p 0,,.. 4,4l'.ollfessions of r' tsoners whom he apprehended.
lhoss-I,Qfitlealt was considerPed. that the policeman had the
thitZttliss :cuffing men, and locking them to a manger, he
Justi,,rwitie4suY confession' which -might pass between them in
411'4°' It.„osght not to be taken as evidence in a court of
'tut g,eise-hePell'ed also that he was in the habit of hand-
th;,4opl-„t„tsl and, or some ocetvioris, had left them in that
it Zoteth-1° hours ' A communication had been made of
iblle4-5 Ihi,e eretary. of State, and an investigation was in-
set heir tinder whom? Why, the chairman of
togli ""ht '' was this very rector of B:owfield.
14 tt: oaf en
is,. public grounds the Right Hon. Baronet
IklettiLid kis 'et' re the House a copy of any communication
4,040 rd
~,hetween him anl the Norfolk magistrates.
NZ% d„r,"•) had no doubt the Right Hon Baronet
grsi,4c--"e‘ of the rural police on this occasion was a
(Al. di f. eto Nod lk But at all events there were strong
1.1%11).-);;...incluirY l'iti. information;' aed, therefore, he
ti:;aosi.'ed his motion would be agreed to.
1441'4)41'47 been seconded,
ktf,34°ll, haa tz,Bl, GRAHAM said, that certainly some commu-
-1_44 ''resp,.,7!4 Place between him and the magistrates of
fe4llrofesi.:4- 'ig the conduct of the rural police on the oe-
-0 eb-Ce.st,o.• He asked for explanation and gut it, and
ttse4tyle sd 'non ,o produce the documents to the House;
!tithe , f c'eeeh of the Hon. Gentleman rendered that step
ISt ralgi°'he had incidentally reflected on a large portion
Nisfsgehstrat.s of Norfolk, who would be found undeserv-
kit:l%444, fercietitwslorse. As for Col. Oakes he required no en-
„ „ well known that there was not a more Ina
Athelfaol;;Ple military . rofession. He (Sir J. Graham)
lo,,,wasenr-','spo,ition t Pproduce the documents asked for,
"Lotle„"l'yineed they wouldo justify the magistrates referred
tas. -* agreed to.
4%.ll)t,ttitlPps,THE GILBERT UNIONS.
:4:4 Itet;.`'HELL made his motion on this subject as fol-
ios i' hi sn,7° of each Parish and Township in England and
diAslet22.o'icch the poor are managed under the provisions of
4krishie °' 3, e. 83, commonly colled. Gilbert's Act ;
lkth tely; g whether incorporated in any union, or governed
ttiLtai 0111(1 stating the population of each parish or tow n-
th, -"' AL.eaeh union respectively, according to the last
bitlkcivie., return of each parish and township subject to
lt--,;thest:flos of any local Act for the m. anagemect of its poor,
ts %IA Ant of populatian, according to the last census."
;:teei.iset)l'ecede the motion by presenting a petitition from
his 1 Agilardians of the poor of Chichester, begging that
111,49,4i4C. et, protectiug the poor andrate-payers at the same
thos Litht tini'°t• be repealed. This he feared, however, that
oes:rotte„"t.• naronet meant to do from his ominous silence
teslieve -eiiing, when he (Captain Pechell) questioned him.
11,...5Z sltlit,hat the operation of the Gilbert Act had given
Vitios,-"iction ; and that was manifest from the fact that
00111..13ad been resented against the Gilbert Unions.
til3%-;s7eZtiheeturatlile
who
referred to a pamphlet, written by Mr.
resided in Sussex, who stated the!,
kNit!intiii,ll was reduced to such a state in one of the work
ite-Al..° was not able to work, and that the persons
kSed (te.:,...ft,t0 to that state were. guilty of moral
.murder.
11 ~. Ito e"in Pechell) dislisie dgoing into the details.
foHre
thiNt allsosition would be given to the papers be moved .f
,01, ts--itc4roplete farce to suppose that uniformity od
ss:e; ts,„- 'low acted upon, and therefore it could not be use
IV Ir.-„,?lent for the incorporation of Gilbert Unions. He
‘l,Resivq. Gentlemen opposite would redeem the pledges
iops iieti at the hustings, and vote against placing those
'tt l's'7ll/0 controul of the Commissioners.
tel ' . uN CO MBE seconded the motion.
i. rgle •
ht., 44. 4 having been put,
tliSte,„'ES GRAHAM said he had no obection to the
Voiisaft'ewhich the Hon. Gentleman moved, but to prevent
ti- he could the number of the Gilbert unions and.local
sk
move that the returns for the year 1831 be
0V4.11131., (amidst cries of " Oh, oh,") said that he had
be t rallilet of Mr. Brooker to which the Hon. and
-'''' ii„serns.Oer referred, he could only say of it that a
Ni tskil,7,a! never published.
CI c.'t HELL could only say that he had received the
- i tem a •
t
'S,-/- very respectable person.
' . ki !w Words from Mr. DARBY, in explanation,
4,L,',•lol.°i'iw.,,•alput from.
I agreed to.
.oi4i—to- .44- ~-sDIESafNEGRO EMANCIPATION.
tl4,%ftwiiii LEY said that at that late hour of. the night he
tieilloase:i)lg unnecessarily to trespass on the indu geoc.einao-f
stil,,Wlskilis kt! the House would perceive, that filling rhe sioni.
toZesl,47 had the honour to hold, and proposingfor C
4104' "4114- "Zs separate subjects (on both. of. which he would
4 ta .1.4 erva.tions to a single address) it would. be impos-
Iltbstish ; the House to consent to an inquiry on a subject
k5tZ as b.roportance without addressing a few words.to the
tts.Zl4,insd ,stieaY as possible upon the impressions which he
Nis iter.l° the subject and upon the exis`ing state of the
o' itLf t 11,411 whieb he doingo' osed to bring under the considera-
kkg to ';'"'ll'e• In so 'ne would not allude to any
tsecel'ics of local character. It was a subject of immense
goats to the country generally,. and considering
nine
ge the
involved in this question when he ie,d .
%I is Ws* but situation which he had now the honour to
opt eat natural he should be anxious for the result of
of sled neszPeriment. He was happy to say that so far as
LC! 1.4,,',6 result of that great experiment upon the whole
44,„,"11ete ;tton throughout the West Indian Islands, it was
144-" t aL:eYond the most sanguine expectations of the most
less 444, Ysle-Z°ltes of the measure. In. every island cot only
aitt toou Prosperity of the labouring population had in-
t,:e,-;:tvtwht.usuoctstPected extent,
.but. it had been accompanied
%tr. Of habit was far more gratifying—namely, the cootinu-
industr improvement in the social system,.
t.11;14%e I.°,eittent in the. religious and moral habits. Hemight
kgPteteilt state to the House that he had not exaegerated
N,:;as,,,LB3olaleondition in any of the West Indian 'coloffinies,
.idtsN'iietitntrl to the labouring population, when, in an o ctal
Is orte) wuleh it was his duty to draw up not long ago, in
clttert rePresentations proceeding from one of the Foreign
0 11,,_
..
t,
tft7 the supposed failure of our great experiment. of
%,6„, tts.g the negroes. lie ventured to state in
.that docu-
taZodea 'lice the emancipation the negroes were thriving and
tsZt-,th'ilteir Offences against the law had became less fre.-
0, fer-cir morals had become improved—marriage subs.ti-
NN. eissn.cuhina,ge—their desire for education rapidly in-
% Overt ,tu-h were among the results of emancipation.
tist:firce st. Plain and indisputable, and he had great satisfaction.
lase ltiVera before the House, seeing that they consta-
tht ith, e estimation of the Government and people of Eng-
-11,01144°1,1ete success of the emancipation of the slaves in
'044 tot eaiciales. He would next call the attention of the
ds hisitlatto, the representation of which were made by per-
t[lw, is ~,g,high authority in the West Indies, and he would
hii„,.llt tirtietercaee to making any statement of his own.
kti44 ea 6),Uptolng differed in degree, according to Atllltee-
• testa I),•,:iltnstatico of the different islands, the new settle-
' s..‘lriiity,''thg. thinly inhabited, and the old ones, on
'_,‘Ms.,e`i to .IcklY
He would
peopled, yet the general. state of facts
, ultb"utltCe,rY colony in the West Indies.
' tie Ns•les on
44 41W -ritins, and confine himself solely to the Weainstalinea-
.• ve,....-Ari,. the present occasion..particularly to J
• 4eitt'olst, .41' In the year 1840, Sir Charles Metcalfe, the
• toost'' illth :raaica, reported that the condition of the pea-
-141,1 ,het island was strikingly gratifying. They enjoyed
e
,Itti, b„-7, is comforts of life, attended divine service, were
t•' ,lwri-'lfor rt.°°(l clothes, sent their children to school, sub-
s
• !ilkttif tide $a erection of churches and chapels and the mem-
'-woisk* eth'sylist sect supported their ministers in respeeta-
thliCiiree_t koovernor also added, that they were very free
• • Ititti,. Lit.,nd most solicitous about the education of their
,-; he'
~..Tcu willing to pay the expense of that edu -s
, . ((Zed 14., last report from Sir C. Metcalfe was
. . the.: oStAtTe Ist of November, 1841. That report he
1040 VillosteleY) received with some regret, becaus it contained
the h 1.44 di 'neat of the resignation of Sir Charles Metcalfe,
- • ~.qati -Igtest72-Ned his duties with a zeal and ability worthy of
• the en col "°". He regretted it, too, because the Governor
tabobePost-LPelled to resign, in consequence of ill health.
stated 11%dp,-114 elan which he (L-oret'S.) now alluded,state that the
4°lltsillent-ises. ' in Jamaica were now perfectly free, and more
No
. NO had than the same class in any other country.
Ottet.'vrts ,t los, labouring population better provided 1 ith the
‘-' Llio•tess,,,,,'kithr ;I„e'.," more secure from oppression. One word
"'klr '-'s,„ of to to Jamaica, and he would have done withn
• ' 'oda"' from lc subject. \Slat he was about to read was an
- tkok That a SU
110',.. Ah report
prudia*V magistrate's' report; dated. June,
1, stated' it would appear wonderful even to
'--4 wSI), .--.C:i,the"°Wledged the physival powers of. the negroes,
Okti Ithout "414 be accomplish. d in the making of fences,lis.
. ' 464;4 01,010'411;11_14g an entire cessation of labour in the en
ilett .; Belay ". Certainly, no such cessation had
.beenr tlt
kiiktnir,s. e, since the negro was emancipated,
new
b't hopes,o
yaa;"'tedresponsibilities, and new sources of am
.11_,
h 'atioi) in' to his exerti He could now labous on his oa n
Iktkult 1/444" 3Pare time to labour on the plantations of
,others.
one s.wereent a.l°o showed the number of par:shes in which
- Parish registered as householders liable to pay taxes. In
. the
/1.1 imunber of freeholders were-
-817 ........ ... 3t.57
1.838 .........................
393
11839 .....................................
4810 .
11,1 e L 184)
-a ,p( rd s, --
1i13,-.43_, not v., J felt confident, that in making there statements
I'll -4.ltY andear)it'g the patience of that House, through whose
lie% ifs generoU3 saeriti sacrifice never before para.
Isk ,ti-Otild ~Y,,eutultry—those cepoor aeo de were so much benefited. 1
which colony g° go to another colon I--the colony of Demerva.
Ite lie °}a1,,,,0f Demerara, it ap)prared, from the statements
.4m,e4q '41)011'4 received from Governor Light, that an able-
tic% 4. carts cat r, for working from six or seven hours a day,
eal ~l'o Whio,°,ne and wages amounting to 23L a year in addi-
,'''tensl/411" ne hada provision ground worth 151. a year, meth-
he learly escs! ef the value of 31. and other advantages, making
of ilal4l the -taTin
gs equal to 51i. sterling In addition to this
ettlt,, Cows vantage of scho Is for his children, at the expense
et
r"ati,tt 1., The tie:troes devoted great. attention to the
Pro,,eittilitrit°' dirt, provi,lun ~upd., and had a_quir,..d '.abits
-rertz Y and industry, and had corsequently accumulated
1 eousiderable extent. In 1339, Governor

Light had reported that six negroes had purchased
an abandoned sugar estate in the eastern-part of the colon},
for which they had given 30,003 guilders, which was equal to
,0001. sterling.—(Cheers. ) Two-th rda of the purchase.
money had been pate' down in hard dollars, and for the remain-
der they had given a note of hand, payable in three necks.
The purchase of that estate spoke volumes against those who
had aspersed the negro character. It showed that the pur-
chasers themselves had the utmost confidence in the indus-
trious habits of their brethren ; and it also proved that there
was a preference given to the cultivated portions of the co-
lony over the unreclaimed portion of it, where those persons
might have purchased an estate of nearly double the size. In
1810, Governor Light reported that a eampany of 140 la-
bourers had established themselves on the Orange and Nassau es-
tate, which they had purchased fur $50,000, equal to 11,0001.
sterling. They had offered for another estate a sum of $20,000
equal to 4,0001. sterling, but there had been some difficulty
attending the sale of the estate, and therefore the purchase
had not been completed. The negroes hid also been in treaty
for the purchase of an estate in Berbice, which, in consequence
of s;milar difficulties, had not been completed. Now, when
they considered that the greatest part of this money bad been
earned by the negroes since their emancipation, they could not
but admit, that as far as its immediate objects were concerned,
the result of the experiment of emancipation hid been most
gratifying. On the 30th of November Governor Light had
reported that another estate had been purchased by negroes
for a sum of 80,000 dollars, which was equal to 10,000/.,
of which 33,000 dollars had been paid down, 500 more were to
be paid in a week, and the remainder at short intervals. These
statements showed that the results of emancipa' ion were not
only that the free labourer was enabled to earn exorbitant
wages, but that he was ambitious of earning high wages, and
that having said that he did not squander his money away in
sensual gratification, but that he was thrifty, frugal, desirous of
acquiring property, and of honestly and industriously cultivat
ing the property which he had acquired.---(Loud cheers.) He
could multify these instances, hut thathe was afraid of wearying
the House.—( Cheers. ) With regard to the moral condition of
the labourers, Governor Li eht had reported on the Ist Aug. 1840,
that although he had not thought it necessary to make arrange-
ments to make that anniversary a day of thanksgiving, yet many
chapels were open, and were crowded by the negro population ;
that he felt gratified with the orderly conduct of the working
classes, and that, although they felt gratified with their change
of condition, yet he felt convinced that the remembrance of
their former state was sunk in their present enjoyment—
( Cheers. ) With regard to Essequibo. Governor Light had
visited that colony in the year 1838, and again in
1840. In 1838, there were hardly any houses in the
colony except those immediately connected with the estates.
1 n 1840 there were several houses erected, attached to which
were grounds of from half an acre to an acre. These grounds
were we'd cultivated—the dwellings which had been erected
were most convenient. The late Governor had founded a vil-
lage in the colony, to which he had given the name of Wit-
liamstewn, in honour of his late Majesty ; that village now con-
tained many respectable dwellings ; there were shops in she
village, and an Episcopal chapel, which was regularly attended
by upwards of 400 persons ; trade was fleurishing there, and a
new settlement hid been formed towards the river Essequibo.
The congregations attending public worship were numerous,
were most attentive, and were all exceedingly well dressed. As
far as the colonies of Jamaica and Demerara were concerned,
the experiment of emancipation had fully succeeded, not only
in securing the physical enjoyment of the nr-gro p neulation,
Out it halt developed their moral character in such a manner as
to prove that they were fully entitled to the high character
which had been always given of them by their friends and sup-
parte, s—( Loud slicers. ) Ile was enabled to show, from the
increased amount of exports to the West Indic., that a]therugh
the production of sugar in those colonies might have dinainiiihed,
yet that the general prosperity of those colonies, as far as the
consumption of exportable commod ties was concerned, had
materially increased. The annual average arneurit of
the declared value of exports to the West Indies during
the six years preceding emancipation was 2,783,000/.,
during the period of the apprenticeship it was
3,575,0001. During the year 1810 it had risen to 4,002,465/.
—( Cheers)—and although during the last 3 ear there had been
a slight diminution, as compared with she preceding one, yet
in 1841, the declared value of the ex; orts to the West Ladies
had amounted to 3,492,734/. The colonies of Jamaica and
Demerara might be taken as fair specimens of the working of
the Emancipation Act in the other colonies, and, as far as the
negro popula ion were concerned, nothing could be more gra-
tifying or successful than the experiment of the emancipation.
But while the main and principal object of the great measure,
the passing of which reflected so much honourirpr n this cotintr a
a measure of which he could never think withotxt. feeling thank-
ful that he had been the humble instrument in proposing it—
while the main and principal obj ct of that great mearture had
been attained by the elevation of the negro race in the social
scale, and by the increased physical comforts, yet he could not
conceal front himself, he would not concealfrom the House, that
the planters in the West India colonies had suffered serious loss,
serious injury, andwere suffering serious disadvantages and dis-
tress. It would be his duty to ask the House to take into their con-
sideration what was the possible cause, and to ascertain what
measures should be resorted to for the modification of that
distress. Now it could not be denied that the prosperity of the
planters must mainly depend on the amount of produce. When
he looked to the quan yof sugar exported from the West Indies
in the course of the years to which he had alluded, he found
that, during six years preceding the apprenticeship, the aver-
age produce was 3,905,000 cwt Tne leas before the appren-
t.ceship it was 3,486,000 cwt. In the first year of freedom,
in 1839, it fell to 2,824,000 cwt. In 1840, it fell at 11 further,
from 3,905,000 cwt. down to 2,210,000 cwt. Now, it was
fair he should state the cause, and he would state it
fairly, and not attempt to produce false impressions either one
way or the other. It was quite time that this falling off was
attempted to be made up by increased pricer. In the six years
preceding the apprenticeship, the value of the produce was
5,820,0001., and the four following years it was 6,219,000/.
In the first year of freedom, it was 5,530,0001. In the second
year, it was 5,424,000/. In this year no doubt the large reduc-
tion was owing to the prices in the home market ; but so far
as the amount produced, the planters had found in the litter
year a considerable diminution in their income. They
had sustained a ruinous diminution in their incomes on
account of the scarcity of labour, owing to the abstraction
of labour, in consequence of the labourers becoming possessors
of the land instead of cultivators of the soil. They had been
compelled to give exorbitant wages, and such was the expense
of the cultivation of the soil, that unless some remedy was ap-
plied, it would be impossible that a large portion of the estates
could be keet up. He would state that this would be for the
investigation of the Committee, and they would have an op-
portunity of cross-examining witnesses, which wt ould be more
satisfactory than a written statement. He had received
a report from the Island of Trinidad of a Committee af
planters upon this subject, but he would not trouble the House
with it; but another Committee, which had sat at Demerara, had
reported,and from that Report it appeared that it was impo.s,ble
that the pre ent expenses of cultivation could go on. 1 his was a
Report from 62 sugar planters, and ii appeared that from the
31st of January to the 30th of October, 1811, the total expenses
on these estates w ere 1,095,000 dollars, being an increase of
874,000 dollars. From November, 1840. to December, 1841,
the same Committee stated, that the total expenses were
1,295,600 dollars, and since that time they had been 3,012,000
dollars, being an increase, and consequently a loss of 983,000
dollars. He did not prete; dto vouch for the precise accuracy
of this Report, but it was the Report of a Committee that had
investigated the eubjsct, and those gentlemen were successful
planters. But the Governor of Trinid d, who was an advocate
of the slaves, and who could not be complained of as being
unduly prejudiced in favour of the planting interest, was satis-
fied with the investigation of that Committee. He wrote to
him ( Lord Stanley), with a statement matte by a gentleman
whose name he did not wish to mention. lhis statement com-
plained of the ruinous expenses of cultivation, and all the
estates on the island were suffering from this expense. This
statement was not quite so bad as the statement received from
the colony of Demerara. According to the judgment of the
gentleman whose name lie (Lord S.) did not know, but avert
whose opinion the Governor stated reliance could be placed,
Viet in three estates there was altogether an excess of expen-
diture over revenue of 5,891 dollars, being a difference be-
tween 54,000 and 49,000 dollars, and that the actual
1 at on ore of the estates was 1,100 dollars. In point of fact, to
many of three estates which were f. rinerly in prosperity, the
produce did not exceed the expenses of cultivation. Vic se
were statements deserving the attention of a Committee of the
House of Commons. It was a question of vast importance, and
he (taped the House would consider it calmly and dispassion-
ately. The planters were naturally extremely cnvi .us that re-
medy should be applied, and it was quite clear that there were
but two remedies, and only two by which cultivation
of these estates could be carried on, namely, one, the
reduction of the expenses by a better mode of manage-
ment ; and the o her, which would be a special subject
of inquiry before the Committee, the possibility of increasing
the amount of the population by a large amount of im
migration, and thereby diminishing the price of wages,
mad thus reducing cultivation to a reasonable rate.—( Hear. )
He thought it very well worth the atfention of the Committee
to ascertain whether it would not be practicable to introduce
some system of employment amongst the poorer classes, more
approaching to the English system than it was at present in
those colonies—such a system of employment as would give the
lab surer an interest in the soil, and in the extension of its
produce. He knew there might be practical difficulties—there
might be difficulties to introduce machinery, for instance ; but_
those were practical difficulties which he should wish to see in-
vestigated by persons conversant with matters of that descrip-
tion.—( Hear.) Then as to emigration, it had been carried on
with great success. Whether persons emigrated from the
United States of America or from Africa, he (Lord Stanley)
was bound to say the effect had been most satisfactory : there
was very little disease or suffering ; the persons
who had emigrates( were very much improved and
satisfied, He wished he could say the same with regard
to European emigration, but he was bound to say that emigra-
tion from any part of Europe to Jamaica or Demerara had
been accompanied with most fatal effects, and so sensible were
the people of those colonies of the amount of distress and
suffering, and the extent of mortality amongst European
emigrants, that even much as labourers were desired, a re-
solution was passed by the House of Assembly in Jamaica to
the effect that no emigration from Europe or from British
colonies should take place in future, at least, at the expense
of that colony. Those European emigrants who had got over
the first violent attacks of fever were very industrious, and
had been occupied in keeping shops, but they were not able
to work. Mort lity, it appeared, was from seven to ten per
cent. of the whole number of persons who had emigrated.
Having ascertained those facts he thought it right
to lay the whole subject before the Portuguese lio-
vernment, and he might say, in passing, that in
Demerara, the accounts of the Hill Coolies, who, next to the
Europeans, had suffered most, and that the accounts of the ex-
tent of mortality there was much more favourable than they
had been. With respect to the emigration from Africa he felt
it would not be dealing fairly with the House or with the coun-
try if he did not candidly say that he saw great d fficulty and
very great objection in the way of increasing emigration front
the continent of Africa He thought it would be dangerous,
although he believed that a perfectly
free emigration from
Africa to the West Indian colonies would put the labourers
open a bet ter footing than they were in their own country ; if a
regular stream of emigration could be kept up, he believed no-
thing would be more conducive to the interests and the exten-
sion of the civilization of the tribes themselves upon the coasts
of Africa, but it was a question which should be considered
with very great caution ,• for thoor reasons he moved for the
appointment of a Select Committee to inquire into the state of
those colonies, exclusive of the settlements of Sierra Leone and
Ganhia. The House were aware that there were many parts
of Africa, surrounding those settlements, over which this coun-
try exercised control, but where the laws were administered ra-
ther anomalously. The people in those places were now go-
verned by merchants, who administered what were called Bri-
tish laws, though they were not administered by judges or
juries. Yet it was of the greatest possible importance
to consider the precise legal relation between our colonies
and those surrounding tribes; it apt eared the British laws were
administered against those people without any authority what-
ever delegated front this country. Under those laws, so admi-
nistered offenders were tried, sentences were passed, and debts
were recovered. All the ceremonies of the law were gone
through, but then it must be recollected that it was an evil,
though a necessary one, perhaps, to the tribes themselves—
that no limit was fixed for those who took upon themselves
the administration of those laws, except their own discretion.
Now, if these settlements, each occupying, perhaps, not more
than one square mile, were made, the ports from which emigra-
tion was to be conducted from Africa to the West Indies, one
of two things would happen. In the neighbouring tribes do-
mes is slavery existed to a great extent ; it Was true there were
a few tribes where there were no slaves, and he should like to
make it part of the enquiry to ascertain what tribes really,were

Aglionby, H. A.
Bannerman, A.
Berkeley, H. F.
Bernal, 1i...

for M. Blewiit's Notion :
Ferguson, Colonel
Forster, Motthew
Gibson, T. M.
Hall, Sir B.
Harris, John Q.
Hastie, A.
Jardine, William
Johnstone, A.
Marshall, W.
Martin, J.
Maule, Hon. Fox
Mostyn, E. M. L.
Murray, A.
O'Brien, Cornelius
O'Brien, J.
O'Connell, M. J.
Peahen, Captain
Plumridge, Captain

Brodie, W. B.
Brothel ton, J.
Bryan, George

Busfeild, William
Cobden, Riee.ard
Co:b.rile, W. N. R
Craig, W G.

G. 11.
Dalrymple, Captain
D'Evncourt, C. T.
Duncan, George
Duncombe, I'. S.
Dunda,,:Admiral
Ellice, E.

inety-three (Tellers i
Dr. Bowring's Motio
Ellice, E.
Ellis, Wynn
Ferguson, t olonel
Forster, Matthew
Gibscn, T. M.
Greenaway, C.
Hall, Sir B.
Harris, John Q
Hastie, A.
Hawes, B
Hinoley, Charles
Holdsworth, J.
Howard. C. W. G.
Howard, J. K.
Hutt, W.
Jardine, William
John. tone, Alex.
Langston, J. H.
Mangles, 11. D.
Marshall, W.
Martin, John
Morris, David
Morrison, William
Mostyn, Hon. E. M.
Murray, C. R. S.
O'Brien, C.
O' Brien, J.
O'Brien, W. Smith
O'Connell, l J.
Ogle, S. C. H.
Parker, John

free; but in the great majority slavery prevailed. One of two
! things, however, would occur, either the emigration would
consist of run-away slaves, who had lost their masters, wi h
whose marners and institutions we had no right to interfere,
and had taken refuge in our settlements ; and in this event it
must be evident that see incurred a risk of bringing down on
us the jea'ousy of those neighbouring tribes, with whom at
present we were on the best possible footing. Or, on the
other hand, under the name of license to emigration,
to the colonies for the purpose of obtaining free colonies, they
would begin to enter into free traffic with their chiefs, and stray
suspicions would attach that we were attempting a new slave
trade on the coast of Africa. These obstacles might perhaps
be surmounted ; hut he ( Lord Stanley) was sure that they
would not be surmounted unless the whole of the facts were
entered into; and if they could surmeunt them, as it was thetr
duty to prevent a new slave trade, as it was their duty to de-
clare to the world the mode in which they proposed to accom-
plish it ; if they could surmount these obstacles, then they
might be justified in holding out the prospects of a free emigra-
tion from certain parts on the coast of Africa ; and he ( Lord
Stanley) did not hesitate to say, that under those circum-
strnees such an emigration would be attended with great be-
nefits to the individuals who were subject to that emigration,
with great benefit to the interests of hurntinity, and to the pro-
motion of Christianity throughout the continent of Africa. He
sincerely thar:ked the House for the courtesy with which the
House had listened to him—( Hear, hear)—and for the atten-
tion with which they had heard an address on a subject which
might be dry.—(Hear, hear.) Ile thought, howe er, that the
matter required the consideraiton of the House, and he only
hoped that he had not said anything which could
lead to an offensive feeling towards the plasters
on the one hand, or the supporters of entire
abolition on the other. He had endeavoured to state the case
without either prejudice or exaggeration, and he hoped that
the House, if a discussion shou:d ensue, would in the course of
that discussion speak also without prejudice or exaggeration ;
as that if the matter were referred to Committe the two im-
portant questions would be duly considered.—(Hear, hear.)
The Noble Lord concluded by moving for a Select Committee,
to inquire into the state of the British Possessions on the West
Coast of Africa, more especially with reference to their present
relations with the neighbouring Native Tribes.
Maiir C. BRUCE seconded the motion.
Dr. 130 WRING said he had listened with great pleasure
to the speech of the Nobte Lord. He hoped the enquiry
would be extended to the Niger. In Africa the blacks were
many, and the whites were few ; and he could not but think
that they were entitled to be considered, and though he was
anxious that the interests of the planters should not be neg-
lected, he desired the House to look to the multitude among
the negroes and not the minority among the whites.
Mr. V. SMITH said he thought the Committees proposed
by the Noble Lord would experience great difficulty in prose-
cuting these inquiries, having to inquire into the existing re-
lations between employers and labourers, the rate of wages,
alai the expense of provisions. With regard to the first Com-
mittee, he thought their energies must be very limited. The
Noble Lcrd had riot sufficiently pointed out what was to be
the course of examination, especial'y with reference to the
coast of Africa. It seemed that the Committee was framed
for the purpose of making that inquiry here which the Niger
expedition was intended to prosc cute on the coast of Africa,
with of course much ampler means of obtaining the pro-
posed end. So far as the cause of the failure of
the Niger expedition was concerned he hoped the
Noble Lord would cot persevere in his proposal, but confine
the inquiry to the state and relations of the various tribes on
the African east. He trusted also that the Report of Dr.
'Madden, who had taken so distinguished a part in the sup-
pression of slavery all over the world, would be submit ed to
the tionsideration of the Committee. With respect to the
Committee, he quite approved of an inquiry into the manage-
ment of th estates in the West Indies, and he felt convinced
that much good would result from that inquiry.
An Hoe. Meereeit, whose name we could not learn, sug-
gested an alteration in the words of the motion, but
Lord STANLEY thought the words as they snood were quite
enough to cover everything.
Mr. W AKLEY said he did not think that the Noble Lord
expected to get much information from the proceedings of
this night, but a report will be useful. The Noble Lords
speech exhibited such a happy state of alines among the negro
porula-ien, that it was most undesirable any interference
should take place. Yet it seemed there was to be a Committee
to inquire into the matters mentioned in the motion. He was
apprehensive that this interference was not one of
favour to the emancipated labourers. Twenty mil-
lions had already been paid to the proprietors of
the soil in the West Indies, as a compensation for their
loss by the emancipation of the negroes. The Noble
Lord showed that the negroes themselves were undergoing the
change and improvement which he had anticipated in his able
address on the subject in 1833.—( Hear, hear.) But what
could they expect from this movement ? Many per-
sons would be apprehensive that these labourers, in their
improved condition would be completely swamped by the tide
of emigration from Africa to the West Indies. He was ap-
prehensive that the free labourers would be reduced to a state
of privation and distress, by the competition of the immi-
grants who would work for less wages. Aralogous results
had taken place in England, only from the change
from the eouth to the North of England. He feared that
every obstacle would be thrown in the way of emigrants
returning to Africa if they wished it. He was really appre-
hensive that in this matter a pressure had been put on the
Noble Lord by the planters ; he hoped, however, lie would
rather loots to the condition of the emancipated negroes, than
to the iaterests of the planters who had already been paid
twenty millions.
Mr. HUTT aid he was glad a motion of this kind had been
brought forward, and he should have much satisfaction in
supporting it.
Mr. DICKENSON said that the change in the system of
slavery had been attended with considerable loss to the planters
of Demerara, and on their behalf he expressed his approval of
the motion.
The motion was then agreed to.
WINDOW TAX.
Cap'. PECIIELL moved for returns of the assessed taxes
on windows in the twelve largest towns in England.—Agreed to
EASTER HOLIDAYS.
On the motion that the House go into Committee on the
Corn Importation Bill,
Sir R. PEEL said he was afraid that if he were to get his
resolution agreed to on Wednesday night, he could not carry it
up to the Lords, and as nothing stood on the paper for Thurs-
day, he thought it better to adopt the usual practice, and move
to-morrow (this day) that the House adjourn for the Easter
holidat s. He begged to state, therefore, that he would move
the adjournment en Wednesday (this day).
INCOME TAX.
Mr. HAWES hoped the Hon. Baronet would put off his re-
solution respecting the income tax until after Easter, in order
to give the public an opportunity of considering the measure,
which as yet they had not had.
Sir R. PEEL said that he had no chance of having the
resolution with respect to the income tax reported till after
Easter ; and it would then be competent to any Hon. Mem-
ber, on the bringing up of the Report, to move any amendment
upon the resolution. But as the tax in question was to be
the basis of all our financial legislation, and as oth: r
most important interests were involved in the matter, he would
feel it his duty to submit the resolution to the House on to-
morrow, with a hope that it would be immediately assented
to. The amendments of Hon. Members might be moved on
the bringing up of the Report; but the resolution should first
pass through Committee.
Dr. BO W RIN G observed that the adoption of the resolution
would greatly prejudice the cause of those who were opposed to
it upon principle.
Sir R. PEEL said that it was his wish, no doubt, that the
rrinciple of the measure should be affirmed by the House.
Colonel SIBTHORP would move for certain returns
relative to the amount of duty paid upon fire insurances.—
Agreed to.
The house then adjourned at a Quarter past One o' Co k

PARIAMENTARY DIVISIONS.
(From the Votes and Proccedtngso the House qf Commons.)
MONDAY, MARCH 21 .
INCOME TAX.

MINORITY of Fifty:th;;;.(Telie;:inetuded) who voted

Powell, Caleb
Power, James
Ricardo, J. L.
Scholetitid, J.
Seale, Sir J. H.
Shed, R. L.
Smith, R. Vernon
Somers, J. P.
Strutt, Edward
Thornely, Thomas
Villiers, Charles f.
Vivian, Capta'n
1 Wakley, Thomas
Williams W.
Wood, B.
TELLER°
Blewitt, Reginald
Bowring, Dr.

;eluded) who voted

Pechell, Captain
Philips, Mark
Plumridge, Captain
Powell, Caleb
Power, James
Pulsford, 1t bert
Ricardo, John Lewis
Scholefield, J.
Scott, Robert
Seale, Sir J.
Shell, R. L.
Somers, J. P.
Strutt, Edward
Tancred, H. W.
Thornely, Thomas
Townoley, John
Villiers, Charles P.
Villiers, Frederick
Vivian Hon. Captain
Wakley, Thomas
Wason, Rigby
Wawn, John T.
Wilde, Sir:T.
Willi ,ms, Wm.
Wilshere, W.
' Woo,t, Benjamin
Wood, Cr. W.
j Wrightson, W

TELLERS.
Bowring, Dr.
Maule, Hon. 16x

THE SUN', LONDON, WEDNESDAY MORNING, MARCH 23, 1. R 42.

capacity, and that in theexecution of the coot tact to Mr. Bul-
teel, he considered himself as acting upon the a uthority of Lord
Abinger. Sir Edmund Curry, in his answer, s` at. d that, under
the circumstances, he did not believe the conti wet of the plain-
tiff was binding, inasmuch as he did not belies 'e that the de-
fendant, It!r. Benjamin Curry, had the auth ?rite 'to make the
contrac!, binding upon Lord Abing4sr ; and, in. fact, he did not
at the time consider or suppose that any agrseemeint with the
plaintiff was finally concluded. His ,Yonne said. he was very
strongly inclined to concur in the view t taken by Sir Edmund
Curry of his duty as trustee; he felt c onfident that if Sir Ed-
mund Curry and Mr. Benjamin Curry I tad made a. contract to
31r. Scarlett to sell the estate to him f )1- 25,001 1., whilst the
p'a'ntiff was willing to give 26,000/., and: Lord. Abinger, with
the knowledge of that fact, had attempts al to erect the sale of
the estate to his son, a Court of Equity we raid not have given its
sanction to that sale. If Lord Abingiar ienteld have been
bound in that case to refuse his assent to the contract,
he was equally bound to refuse, where such. a refusal might
lead some to say that the contract was made in favour
of his son. Giving Mr. Benjamin Curry ere-di t for stating truly
what were his general impressions, it could be scarcely con-
tended, that because, as a professional man, 1 le was entrusted
by his co-trustees with ministerial parts of the trusts, he
thereby acquired an authority to sell the es tate for 25,0001.
His acting as agent when the estate was pu t up for sale by
public auction, conferred no such authority. It did not appear
th in a single instance, before the transa :ton in question,
51r. B. Curry had taken upon himself, or o msidFred himself,
at liberty to act in executims of the trusts oft he original inden-
ture without the previous ce,ncurrence and sanction of his co-
trustees. The shares in pubt.'c Companies were a species of
property which, as an executer, he might have authority to
sell. In the sale of Gloucester ,House, anti of the plots of land
before mentioned, the pi ice was the subject of pres6ous ar-
rangement between himself and hi:s co-trustees. His. Honour
observed that he should confess he yeas wholly unable tia under-
stand,. under those circumstances, ho' Mr. Benjamin Curry
could have imagined that he haa.l authority -to bind
his co-trustees in making this contract with the plaintiff.
Either of the other trustees might, on the as'ine premises, have
claimed an exclusive right to deal with tee pre pet ty. He
could scarcely understand how the plaintiff could to short of
the conclusion that Mr. Benjamin Curry himself, or• any of the
oti er trustees, might have paid the 25,0001., and ii misted upon
taking the estate to himself; for unless the agreeonent could
be taken this length, he could not understand how any of the
trustees could have a right to deprive the estate of
the benefit of that competion whichhad been uniforrily secured
to it up to the 25. h of July 1838. Mr. Benjamin Cu: cry's answer
was not evidence against Lord Abinger; the pis intiff's case
must stand or fall by the correspondence in the c Luse. That
preceding the contract was entirely of a neutral ch erecter, but
as far as it had any bearing upon it it tended to n egative the
existence of such an authority. His Honour the ma read the
letter of the 23d of June, 1838, written by :Mr. Ben-
jamin Curry to Sir Edmund Curry, and' informing
b;rn of Mr. Bulteel's offer of 25,0001., ,and reccaismending
that that offer should be accepted at once, as Mr.-Eulteel was
going abroad. 'I hen followed a letter of the 244th of June,
1838, from `he Commissioners of Woods and Forest s, who-had
been in treaty for the purchase of the estate, offeris g 24,000/.
His Honour then read passages from the evidenc a of Mr.
Wilmer, who was the partner of Mr. Benjamin Curry, and in-
timately acqucinted with the history of the trat ia?.ctions,
for the purpose of showing what was his %VIM of
the position of the parties previous to the contract.
Lo, king at that evidence, and coupling it with
the other evidence in the cause, he had no hesitation in saying
that Sir Edmund Curry did not consider himself or Mi. Benja-
min Curry at liberty to make the contract with thepflaintiffon
behalf of Lord Abirger. Then came Mr. Benjamin Curry's
letter to Lord Abinger of the 26th of July, 1838, which was so
much relied upon by the plaintiff. In that letter occunsed the
following passage : " My brother agreed that under
the circumstances, we ought to close the b argain,
ir' that we might rest assured of your approbation." . Lord
Abinger's counsel contended that that passage was an admis-
sion by Mr. Benjamin Curry that Lord Abinger's ennsent
was necessary to confirm the contract ; whilst the counsel for
the plaintiff contended that it imparted nothing more tlaan the
desire of an agent to find that his principal approved of his
conduct. He could not concur in the latter construc-
tion. The words in his view were such as would be
used by a person who was asking fit sanction of an
authority which he had assumed. But, if he entertained
any doubt on that point, it would be entirely removed by the
letter of Mr. Benjamin Curry to Lord Abinger, of the 27th of
July, 1838. If Mr. Benjamin Curry had felt himself in the
position which was stated, he would have remonstrated with
Lord Abinger for his unworthy conduct; instead of which he
e rote as follows:—" I have received your letter, which places
us in a difficulty. He laid stress upon the word ' us' because it was
manifest from the context that it included Lord Abinger,
and that the difficulty which affected all the trustees
from Lord Abinger's having released one purchaser before he
had made sure of another. "It leaves Mr. Bulteel free, and
from what he has stated to me I must conclude that any delay
will lose him." Mr. Benjamin:Curry never asserted in any of his
letters that Lord Abinger had given him authority
to conclude a sale. But even supposing that lie was wrong in
thinking that the tendency of the correspondence and evidence
,vas to disprove Mr. Benjamin Curry's authority, his conclu-
;ion upon that part of the case would inevitably be the same,
for if the correspondence and evidence did not disprove such
authority, beyond all question such authority was not proved
by them, and the absence of evidence to prove that authority '
left the plaintiff in as bad a position as would evidence which
negatived that authority. It had been argued on both
sides that in construing the letter of the 23d
of July, he should have; regard to the position and conduct of
he parties. He conceived that the defendants had always
acted upon one agreed and uniform plan, with respect to trea-
ties for sale by private contract. The principle of the dealings
of the trustees was to seek for bids, and when they had got one
to apply to the other parties:to know if they would increase their
offer. Upon this principle they had uniformly acted exceptin the
single instance out of which this litigation had arisen. The
letter of the 23d of July could not be fairly read as giving
authority to Mr. Benjamin Curry to sellto Mr. Scarlett,except
in the single case of his being the best bidder, at a price which
Sir Edmund Curry and Mr. Benjamin Curry should think suffi-
cient and and proper, a case which had not occurred. In the
observations lie had made he wished it to be understood that he
was persuaded that, throughout the whole of the
transactions in question, Mr. Benjamin Curry had acted
a strictly honest part, but he could not help thinking that he
had allowed the impression made upon his mind in the later
stages of the transaction to influence his judgment with respect
to the earlier. His conclusion was that Mr. B. Curry, under the
letter of the 23d July, 1833, or otherwise, was not the agent of
Lord Abinger " lawfully authorised" to sign the contract in ques-
tion. The Bill, then fore, must be dismissed, and it remained only
that he should decide the question of costs. The plaintiff hav-
ing had full notice of Lord Abinger's objections, the bill, as
against Lord Abinger, must be discharged with
.costs. Sir
Edward Curry, having been a neutral party, the bill must be
dismissed also against him with costs. But as against Mr.
Benjamin Curry who, though morally innocent, was nufnrtu-
nately the cause of this litigation, the bill must be dismissed
without costs.

SECONDARIES' COURT, March 22.
➢lr. Secondary James sat in the Court of Common Pleas,
Guildhall, to-day. No case of interest came before the Court.

INSOLVENT DEB TOI?S' COURT, March 22.
RE JAMES WILLIAM WALLACE.
The insolvent in this case was the well-known and popular
actor. He had been already heard in Court, and now appeared
on his final examinati,n.
The amount of his debts and liabilities exceeded 14,000/.,
while Mr. COOKE, who appeared in his behalf, said a consider-
able sum had become available to his creditors by the sale of
property in Brighton, and the disposal of a quantity of furni-
ture at his house in Summer's-place, Hyde-park-square, which
was originally purchased for 2,000/., but only reached 1,000/.
by the sale.
Mr. Holkliam, a draper in Brighton, who was a large cre-
ditor, was examined at great length concerning the execution
of a deed by the insolvent, for the purpose of protecting his
property from the creditors, and stated that it had now been
handed into Court, so as to render the property indiscrimi-
nately available to the whole body of creditors.
The Learned COM3IISSIONER expressed himself satisfied
with the course pursued by the inFolvent in passing through
the Court, and ordered him to be discharged forthwith.
RE PALMER.
The insolvent was described as a horse dealer, residing in
Liverpool. A considerable number of creditors appeared in
his schedule, whilst his assets were very trifling. His petition
to be discharged was supported by Mr. Woodroffe.
Mr. Coot: v: appeared in opposition on bvha'f of several
creditors, and examined the insolvent touching the disposal of
several horses, which it was alleged had been sent out of Eng-
land to the Continent by his son. It appeared that he sold
two horses for 1651., and being out late at night in Liverpool,
he met three females of loose character, who stole the money
out of his pocket, and he succeeded in getting back only 20/.
The Learned Counsel examined him closely to try and prove
that he never lost this money at all, but appropriated it to his pri-
vate use, for the purpose ofdefrauding his creditors; but the insol-
vent swore positively to the truth of the statement, and read an
affidavit from the Clerk in the Criminal Court in Liverpool,
where the females vs erc tried, in corroboration. There was a
further ground of opposition, for having vexatiously defended
.n action, whereby the creditor was put to an unnecessary
-xpense of 30/. ; but the insolvent compounded it by paying
over 25/.
Mr. Commissioner HARRIS said he did not think any case
(sad been established, and he should, therefore, order the insol-
vent to be discharged.