The Sun.
London, England, 1818-11-10 00:00:00

PETERSFIELD TRUE BLUE CLUB.

non
" To the Most Noble and Illustrious Prince, William the
Third, who so highly deserved the gratitude of these King-
doms, for the many and signal offices WhiCh he-rendered to
the people: Who seasonably preserved our pure and sitreere
worship of God : Who bravelysustained the drooping State, re-
stored the the free force of the Laws, and strengthened the autho.
rity of the Senate! That no testimony might he wanting, with
how much love and emulation be admired Liberty itself, as
well as this its celebrated Avenger, William Jolliffe, Esq.
erected this Statute to his memory, and placed it in this
town." '

This excellent and patriotic Gentleman was the
great-grandfather of one of the present Members
for this Borough, and who soon after the elec-
tion of this statue was knighted..
Some of the charters of this borough, and other
ancient records relating to it, have been recently
discovered--they possess much interest, and shew
the antiquity and importance of the place. By
one of these charters, privileges similar to those
enjoyed by the citizens of iVinchester were, will
a guild, &c. granted to the burgesses of Peters-
field in A. D. 1 190, and the town appears to have
been of considerable note in the time of Henry
the Ittl.---(Hampshire Courier.)

WINCHESTFAt COLLEGE.

The Rev. W. L. BowLEs has addressed R Let;.
er to Mr. BROUUITAM, as Chairman of the Edu-
cation Committee of the House of Commons, iii
vindication of the management of this )nstitu-
!ion ; and the following extracts will spew 'hat
the task undertalcen by the learned author has
been most successfully executed :
" I shall speak of one of those teats of education, to which
I am indebted for roust of that knowledge (as little as it may
be) which I possess. I allude to lVincliester College. If i
shall be able to prove, that you have mistaken the objects of
that illustrious charity; that you have pursued an erroneous
mode of construction ; that you have attributed abuses
which do not exist ; have exaggerated some objections ; arid
even misunderstood the language of the statute* to ‘,..bi.,..11
you appeal; I trust the meditated blow which has been aimed
at all similar establishments may lose somewhat of its direc-
tion arid force.
" It seems evident from your letter, that yon consider the
bounty of the munificent Founder of Winchester as diverted
Irons its object, ' the poor and indigent,' and applied to
enrich the Wardens and PelloWs, shunt you appear to place
in the light of robbers of the poor~ you therefore cite the
words of the statute of the Founder, ‘l'atiperes et indigentrs
scholares;' literally seeming to consider the word paiiperes
the same as is used to designate 'paupers' at our Quarter
Sessions!
" The word poor, in its primary sense, signifies those woo
are riot rich ; and, upon the most severe examination, I think
you would find very fete, if any, (notwithstanding you say, in-
definitely, they are ' all to easy cirtunistarices'), very few,
if any, of the parents who could fairly be so estimated. It
would be impertinent to send a senator to a dictionary ; but,
permit me, Sir, to think, that those who have had the belie-
tits of this public education, to which you seen! at all events
unfriendly, would heti er have understood the mewling of the
words 4 pauperes et indi;-,tes,' grammatically considered,
and without the adjunct ' scholares.'
Let us then fur a moment turn to a dictionary :
' Eget+, est cui necessaria deiont !
' Patiper est (pii parurn indict,' &c.
' Nernpe quoit alter egens, altera pauper erat.'—Ovid.
4 Nun video quid sit paupertas, nisi parvi possessio!'---,Sen.
" And what is strictly the meaning 'of indigens ? he who
wants aid ; indigens iiiti—in want of my help ; the %cry
words of the statutes—to relieve poor scholars, in their cle-
rical eilitcatioli.
'4 You say, swerpiogly,that the parents of children z.f Win-
chester College Ste ' all its easy cireitaistances i'
" ('an any Its;:n think a person 14.1.arding so unfounded an
assertion to he tiNprejioliced ? All in easy cildirrnitaiices !
' Did'st thou say all ?' Many and malty, thus indefinitely,
and .without exception, pr,inionced • to be in easy 6i-cum--
without being weighed down, perhaps, by
' Such expense vas pinch, 9 rarrnTS blur,
' And mortifies the liberal hand ~f love,'
would be must thariLfol to you, if you could pule the atser-
tion to lie trite. Some of them I know.
" Ilut what arc We to understand by ' easy clrcomst ances ?'
A logician ought to be more accurate upon a point so itil-
portant, from which to establish his kivtliitlions.
'• The Member for IViriehtlsea tttav tall:, with great coni-
plac,ney, of ' ea”' cireilinsthriceS ;' but psis he visited Il'u
fireside, of a thousand humbler gentlemen, liitioliler in their
lot ut life, but its adorned in every thing shit might distin•
:;Wish the scholar and gentleman, as himself? I las he slit_
nessed the alixietirs of mans. a parent, so situated, in the
decent lint humbler walks of life, educated ;15 a ger:limn:in,
whilst the sundl st,cl; he had laid by for the comfort of his
../edinin,s liys, rit hs-t o little by l''.l.t: rtiu,T.f, in L7unse-

stances,'

Last Wednesday being the 4th of November,
several of the Freeholders and inhabitants of Pe-
tersfield and its vicinity met at the sign of King
William the tlid, in the Market-square of that
town, when it was determined to establish a CIHb,
to be called " The PetersAeld True Blue Club," to
celebrate annually the commemoration of the
Revolution in 1688, and to perpetuate the princi-
ples which conduced to that great event, and the
beneficial consequences which have resulted from
it. At this Meeting a Chairman and Deputy Chair-
man, Treasiirer, and Secretary, were chosen for
the year ensuing, and it was arranged that an half
yearly Meeting c-r the Club should he held on the
anniversary of the Battle of Waterloo.. After the
business of the Meeting was finished the company
supped togetheri and with great conviviality and
hilarity kept it up until a late Wow., In the course
of the evening the following, amo9g
.nrother
toasts, were given with the usual
plmau many other
toasts, were given wit ii the usual plaudits, and
several excellent soags were sung by the Mem-
bers :
The lirrig—The Prince Regent, arid the Other branches of
the Royal Fancily, and may they always adhere to theiirinei-
ples which seated Oreir ancestors on the Throne of these
Realms—The Navy of Old England—The hero.
lotion of 1688, and the memory of those illustrious persons
who brought about that glorious event—The Inirmilial Me-
mory of King William, whose Startle adorns the Square of
this Borough _The Llnded Interest, and may its independ-
ance arid influence be always supported by the people—The
t;onstitution of the Country in Church and State, as esta-
blished in !GSA, and may it continue unimpaired to the
latest posterity—The Freeholders of Petersfivld, may they
never relax in their endeavours to recover and maintain the
!tee eiercise of their Rights, and the Independence of the
litiroughi-41r. Patrick and the other Freeholders who have
so uniformly supported the general interests of the T0wn.,...
Mr. Norris, and success to the Agricultural Society of Peters-
field—The Larlles of Petersfield—The Freeholders of Hamp-
shire, and may they always support the Independence and the
integrity of the County—May the enjoyment of Civil and
Religious Liberty never be interrupted by the indiscretion of
its friendA, or depreAed by the power of its enemies—The
memory of Mr. Churcher, and may his benevolent intentions
he always carried into effect—The Magistracy of the county—
Prosperity to the city of Winchester, the privileges of which
were in early times grant eti td the Burgesses of this borough—
The Landed and Commercial Interests, and may they be for
ever united.
During the evening the health of Mr. Atch-
son, Lord Stawell, Mr. Ilenhatti, Mr. Honer,and General Hugonin, were also severally drank with
three times three, On the Equestrian Statue
above alluded to, there is an admirable inscrip-
tion in elegant Latin, expressive of principles
and sentiments of the [4)llc-spirited and disin-
terested individual, at whose expense it wat erect,
ed. lie was a true friend of rational liberty, an
he promoted extensively.the welfare and Kapp
tress of his townsmen and fellow-citizens. TI
rollowing is a literal translation of the inscri

ROYAL ACAIiEMY.

Mr. CARLISLE, Professor of Anatomy, deliver-
ed his introductory Lecture to the Course yester-
day evening. He began by considering the no-
billy, or elevation, of the refined arts, and the
relation that anatomy bears to them. It was
observed, that the great masters of ancient Greece
derived their knowledge of the human structure
from comparative anatomy, or a reference to the
system of animals ; the dissection of the human.
body being forbidden, on account of superstitions
feelings, by which the minds of Eastern nations
are, to this day, obscured. Those among the mos.
dernsb who first Conceived the idea of making this
scietice serviceable to the arts, were Leonardo da.
Vinci and Titian Vecelli. Soon after appeared
nearly the first and noblest work ,of a:m(10171y,
that of Vesalius, the explanatory wood cats of
which were rendered famous by the assistant ge-
nius of Titian. This work was produced for the
gratification of curiosity, as also two other distin-
guished speciMens, one by Hall, wbieti unfolded
the e,tient of that science in the time or. Henry
works of Titian, Michael Angelo,
and Iftiphael, were instanced as the must perfect
exaolpl,es of a union between anatomy and the
arts of design. The lecture was for the most part
occupied in preparatory observations to the suc-
ceeding course, during which the danger of plac-
ing the science upon too general and abstract
principles was pointed out, and a strict' observ-
ance of decorum was continually enforced. Alr,
NEST, the President, and a number of the Aca-
demicians, were present.
-

Lady of Count AIt:NSTFR, the Hanoverian
AMbassador, was unexpectedly taken ill, last
week, at Canterbury, on their return from Llano-
ver to his Excellency's residence in Grosvenor-,
place, and delivered of twin daughters. The
Coon( and his fJniily hare been absent from Eng-
land about three months. A son was wished for,
as large estates in the kingdom of Hanover de-
scend to the tnale heirs of the Count. They have
now had four children, all females.
Last Saturday, the right wing of the 39th In-
fantry, commanded by Colonel STURT, f France, marched into Lewes barracks,
on itroms
route to Portsmouth, it it supposed, to embark
for ireland. Between one and two hundred offi-
cers, non-commissioned officers, and privates, of
this regiment, were discharged at Dover, where
they land.ed. Thu left wing is on its march along
the coast on the same route.
Among the proofs of the singular mildness of
the season, we may mention that the Cuckoo was
heard in the neighbourhood of Carlisle, last week,
and that tike Strawberries were gathered in a
den a f gar. few days ago, which grew in the open air.
BATH ; u SUtiriCa/ ecolid Edition or
this popular Work has just appeared. A critical
Journal makes the following judicious cbserva-
lions on this specimen of satirical writing
works of fiction, we apprehend, are seldom mare lil!ely to
be really beneficial than when they actually exhibit the por-
ie traits of existing characters, and scenes with which the woe lit
acfpiainted. Their may, perhaps, he hitody coloorcd, and
rendered in some respects ridivulous through such a vehicle;
yet if, in the nitriative, the basis of truth he observed, and
the prominent features delineated, the cause of virtue wilt
gain, by a earicatitred ertili.,r,ation of irrekrularities and per-
sons the laws cannot leach. One lit the hest t0111:111CCS in err
gUag.e, Chrysal, or the Adventures of a Guinea,' is a
model of this hind; and the pet fm•manee before us appears to
rank net to it in expressive drawing- and richness hire,.
tion, while in broad humour, and the description
iffashion-
ahle follies, it certainly has no supetior. g
who figure thronghont this hustling dram:a of living ex he persona
tra, ,s
>rartcLa-
ate so stri,tlglY represented, :is to be instain ty
ni,cd, even bv the most superficial observers of the dissipa-
ceil;!:-
ru tion and &privity, affectation aria eccentricity, which prevail
tliel:i;'!rcrct :saes of cociety.

quenee of hit care for the education of a be!oved son !
the Member for Witieheasea ever witnessed the pride :Lich a
parent has displayed, forgetting all the circurnsiances a
small fortune, with a large family, that preyed upon an in-
genunus mind, when, perhaps, that son has gained snare dis-
tinction at school ?
" Are the children of such parents improper objects of the
mnitificence and charity of William of Wyk,bant ?
" I could add intinerous examples, which cri-wd on me on
every side, but I think it needless; as I believe every p, -son,
not prejudiced, will consider the case as proved, and that
your reflections have been as premature as d,
" I think I must hate satisfied every person, the least ton-
vet sant with the Latin language, respecting the meaniug !if
the word pauper; but the follawing examples, which I have
met with, since the first sheet was printed off, are so apposite
and ineontfovertitile, 1 hate added 1 been here.
Paurett parva et angusta res fainiliaris est;
qui
' non atiluit opihus, nee tauten eget, tennis, tae-lins inter
egenitin et divitein.' Cicero says, M. Nlattilitis pauper
fuit, halmit enim sedienlas in Carinis et fittoluin in labi-
cano..—Forcelliiii Thesaurus.
Patteka:--proprie medium quid est inter diritern et
mendicum ; nenipe, cui necessaria tan tam stlpittqUin.
sniterest, Clint pauperent vocant ! Thesaurus."
Alluding to a statement of the evidence befare the Com-
mittee, which has been copied into various Provincial Jour-
nals, the Author makes the following remarks:—
" Far be it front me to attribtite any. views of hostile tic,-
lence to you. No; Sir; I Where your !notices to be as bene-
volent as they are sincere! and I pray to Coil, that your en-
deavours Illfly never be relaxed, till every poor ruan in this
Kingdom has every right of 'which he ItaS been definudetl.--*
But good men fear, lest, by in voleing in tine apparent censure
those institutions which deserve it, and those which do nut
deserve it, you might eventhally injure, that cause, in which
all the best and wisest of their generation Wish you success.
subj" The most anxious care, then, ought to be taken in a
ect of such moment; lest, under a vague impression of
equal abuses is all charitable foundations, these Instittitions,
which have in general nobly served the purposes for which
trey were founded, which have dispensed for centuries, and
a'r't the eve of a great nation, dispensing the greatest
gaf6ti :—lest such institutions should be classed with
charity schools, the funds of which have been itionopulixed
and grossly perverted;—and lest those abuses of charity,
which are Most foul and flagrant, !night Sfeill to derive a kind
of covering) in consequence of their being iiivoltintatily
associated with institutions which the public yet regard witts
reverence. •
6. Whatever, upon a fair and dispassionate view, may be
found faulty In the Admillistration of Winchester College, it
is an insult to humanity that it should be mentioned iu the
same day, nay, in the saute century, with Yeovil, and other
places of that description.
" And this generous distinction is the more necessary to be
kept in mind, when, besides the unmerited tone of obloquy,
among respectable writers, there are not wanting, in the pre.
sent stay, writers of is ' coarser grain,' woo, for polirical
parpdses, insidiously or openly direct their attacks With par-
titular hostility, against those seats of learning.
" Whilst I sin now writing, iii the same public Paper,
Winchester and Yeovil, fir obvious purposes, are pointed
out, as it were, to the same indignation of the public ; though •
the plain facts relating to one are heaftsrending, and though
the alleged abuses of the other consist in false traaslations of
the Latin statutes; garbled extracts from your examination;
and partial and exaggerated circumstances, purposely and de-
liberately placed in the most invidious and injurious point of
view. I will mention one instance : William of Wylsrliam,
in his statutes, ciinstittited the two Wardens, tac, examiners
of the boys, who are to be pLiced oil the roll for New College.
The word influence' is introduced, as if the necessary con-
sequence must lie, that sift undue influence was exerted, by
those whom the founder 'coustituted judges, against that
founder's intentiou! How base is the insinuation ! The exa-
mination is the fairest that can be conceived.
" This will be sufficient, I hope, to shi.w in what spirit
the article is written, Phis atticle I read with almost in-
voluntary shuddering at such, base insinuations- and artful
eulouringst"

F(EDERA AFRICANA.

[Nth XII.]

Supposing the prohibition of the Slave Trade
universal by federal compacts, as well as by muni-
uipal,laws, still little or nothing will have been
dune for Africa, unless further means ate em-
ployed. It was shewn at the outset,. that the
laws and treaties already made for the Abolition
of the Slave Trade have all proved ineffectual, and
that even the western coast of the African conti-
n►ent, north of the Equator, is wasted as deploy-
ably as ever by that destructive scourge, though
there the abolition is already, in point of la ►v,
Universal. ,
The plain reason is, that though the prohibi-
tory rule has been prescribed, adequate sanctions,
and practical remedies, to enforce its observance,
are wanting. The criminal practice to be sup-
pressed is inveterate, the temptations to it are
extremely powerful the offenders are men
of the most obdurate •character, and the
means of preventing or punishing 'their crimes are
singularly weak and doubtful. The last of these
obstacles to the effectual deliverance of Africa
is by far the greatest ; but is happily, at the
same time, that which you have the power to re-
move.

England has done in this respect all that was
itt her power, or that was likely to be useful
She has annexed to the offence of slave-trading by
her snbjects the severest penalties (death except-
ed) that are known to her municipal code ; and ca-
pital punishment was only omitted lest false com-
passion should prevent the prosecution or convic-
tion of offenders. .The.ships and goods enkaged
in the trade are subjected to seizure and confisca-
tion. The offenders themselves, their employers
and accomplices, incur the pains of feloey, which
comprise forfeiture of all their personal property,
perpetual infamy, and transportation to one of the
most distant regions of the globe. To enforce
'these sanctions'she has empowered and command-
' ed the Officers of her Navy to seize all the ships
and goods of her subjects that may be -employed
- in the trade, or fitted out for the purpose; she
- has also encouraged them, by large bounties, to
perform their duty with vigilance, and has main-
tained squadrons for this particular services alone,
on the African coast.
But the efforts
.of England love been cruelly
frustrated, partly by the supineness, for I will not
suppose it to be the ill faith, of other Powers ;
soul partly by her want of means to detect offend-
ers and bring them to justice, since she ceased to
be at war. It would be unjust, as well as disre-
spectful, towards a great and amiable Monarch,
to suppose that the conduct of the French Gover-
nors and Fiscal Officers in Africa bas been con-
sistent with the instructions or the real intentions
of the Sovereign ; but it is notorious that at Se-
negal and Goree the Slave Trade has been carried
on to a great extent, with as much Publicity,' and
with almost as much apparent countenance from
the public functionaries, as if it had never been
renfrunced by the Royal declarations, or prohibit-
ed by the'laws of France. It has been in vain
'that the French Government, upon the represen-
tations of England, has publicly discountenanced
this abuse, and suspended one tit - the chief Offi-
cers whose participation in it was proved against
him ; for the practice has since been pursued al-
most as openly as before. The seizure of one of
the stare ships even tailed to produce any salu-
tary effect ; for, tvithin a few weeks after, and
up to the date of the latest accounts that can be
relied on from that part of the coast, the French
Slave Traders were again in great activity there,
and carrying on their detestable practices so
openly, that the connivance of the local Govern-
ment was clear heyond dispute. The most pro-
bible explanation is, that though his Most Chris-
tian ;Nl:sjesty and his Ministers in Europe me sin-
cere in their prohibitions and instructions, his-Ma-
jesty's African servants have not believed then; to
so. They presumptuously thought, perhaps,
that the Royal commands on this subject were
mere temporising for ins, calculated to amuse
Great Britain under the embarrassing circum-
stances of the day ; and that their disobedience
would be secretly approved.
This error will no doubt be severely corrected
and we may then expect that the French flag will
no longer openly protect a contraband Slave Trade
in the river of Senegal, or in the harbour or road-
stead of Goree. But when this audacious infrac-
tion of treaties and laws is put down, little still
will have been done for Africa, and little even
against the Slave Trade of France ; for the mis-
creants who may continue to abuse in the same
way the flag of that Power, will be perfectly sate
on every other part of the African coast, as well
as on the high seas, during the whole voyage
with their cargoes of misery to the Vest Indie-s,
or the American continent. Nothing at least can
impair that security, but a rcncontre with a
French ship of war, -whose commander may have
instructions as peremptory as the Government of
Senegal aud Goree, with a better disposition to
obey them. In the French islands, if disposed to
- go there, they will be sure of a cordial reception.
Whether they may enter safely the harbour of St.
Pierre, or Basseterre, by broad day light, I will
not positively affirm; but they may land their
victims by night with such facility on numerous
points of those colonies, and with such assurance
of general favour and aid, that the risk of seizure
could hardly be magnified by the most timid cal-
culator into a Here per cent.
I am supposing, however, that the French
traders would choose to take a hazard in Africa
an.l on the passage, which, small though it is,
they would have no need to encounter—that of
exposing themselves to visitation and seizure by
French ships of war. To avoid this, they would
have only to use the simple expedient of hoisting
sonic other national flag, that of Spain, for in-
a:mice, or of Portugal, or even a .British or Ame-
rica(' ensign, if they please ; and they might then
stately pass within hail of any French frigate they
meet with. Iler commander, if his will, like that
of the African Governors, stood opposed to his
instructions, would have a most undeniable ex-
cuse for connivance; and if, on the contrary, he
were a zealous enemy of the Slave Trade, he
would still hardly venture to visit, 'and seize and
starry into port, unless by some extraordinary

coincidence be should be perfectly sure of the
true national character of his prize.
And here lies the grand difficulty of all ; for
whiclithere is only one effectual remedy. It op -
poses the suppression, not only of the French
Slave Trade, but that of every other country, the
subjects of which may choose to engage in the
crime, however sincere and earnest their Govern-
ment may be in the cause of general reformation.
Great Britain herself cannot prevent her own sub-
jects front committing an offence which her Exe-
cutive Government, her Legislature, and her peo-
ple at large hold in a penitent abhorrence ; be-
cause when pet petrated in a place not within her
municipal jurisdiction, and tinder the fraudulent
assumption of a foreign character, the rights of
others independent States rr,:st her vindicatory
arm. Though the offenders may be met with on
the high seas, the common highway of nations,
they cannot be safely arrested and brought to
justice ; nor can the victims of their crimes be
delivered out of their grasp, because the disguise
they assume cannot be stripped off, and their true
allegiance ascertained, without apparent disre
spect to foreign Powers, and danger of invading
their rights.
The difficulty arises frOm the new and anoma-
lous nature of the case; new certainly in form,
and anomalous in principle, as it has hitherto, I
think erroneously, been treated ; for there is no
other case, in which either the rights of war or of
municipal jurisdiction do not supply an adeqUate
remedy, with the single exception of piracy, to
►which a contraband Slave Trade has not yet been
held-to amount. Where an offence is eonmiitted
►vithin the territory of any nation, its right to
seize and punish the perpetrators, though the
subjects of a foreign country, has never -been
doubted. A State when at ►war, on the other
hand, may receive an injury from neutral subjects
►without the limits of its territorial jurisdiction,
as by the obstruction, for instance, of its bellige-
rent rights at sea ; and in this case 'a remedy is
fonnd, by the customary law of nations, in :the
ri,ht of visitation and search, and in the confis-
atihn of property that is proved tobe'bostile,
ur
the subject of hostile aggression. Again, in the
cases of piracy-, the criminals, without respect to
their national character, or the flag they assume,
ate liable to be seized and brought to justice,
whether in war or peace, by the subjects of every
'Power into whose hands they may happen to•fall ;
for they are consieered as-hostel humuni generis, or
transgress-ors against the common rights Of all
mankind.
It contraband Slave Trading does not- fall with-
in this latter definition, it forms, as I have ob-
served, an anomalous case ; but it seems difficult
to find a sonnd distinction in principle - bet►ween
this crime and that of the acknowledged. pirate.
It has never, I apprehend, been held, that an
offence, isa order to constitute piracy, must be
committed against the subjects of some civilised
Power. If not, how can man-stealing and mur-
der on the high-seas, or elsewhere within the Ad-
miralty jurisdiction, be in their nature Jess than
piratical, though native's of Africa may be the only
victims ? The Slave Trade, which involves these
crimes, has besides, now been admitted by the
Powers engaged in it to be an offence against the
law of nature ; and it seems an undeniable con-
sequence of this admission, it not an identical
proposition, to affirm that the perpetrators of the
offence, when warranted by the authority of no
civil society to which they belong, are, like pi-
rates, enemies of the human race.
To treat Slave Trading as piracy, however,
would, I admit, not be proper, after the counte-
nance which the practice has long unhappily re-
ceived front the laws of civilised countries, until
Some authoritative declaration of the public law
on this subject shall have assigned to the offence
its true character, . and , warned the future perpe-
trators that ►with the guilt of piracy they will in-
cur_its ordinary punishment. . But &such a warn-
ing ►were given, there could, I conceive, remain
no just objection to thus putting the liberty and
the lives of our fellow-creatures under the same
marititne protection with their property. •
To this point, great and generous Sovereigns,
you must 'come,or to'some measure equally strong,
if you would effectually change the sad destiny of
Africa, and redeem the Christian world front its
foulest reproach. I will not affirm, indeed, that
theme is no other devisable mode in which the
same ends can be possibly attained. You might,
without declaring contraband Slave Trade to be
piracy, enter into a general Treaty by which all
the high contracting parties should mutually en-
gage to support each other in suppressing the
crime, under whatever flag the offenders might at-
tempt to screen it : and shotals. declare that for
this purpose the right ref visitation and search in
time of peace should belong to the commissioned
ships of every maritime power. But in all new
cases, it was ►vise to depart no farther than is
`strictly necessary from established institutions and
forms ; and by simply declaring the offence to be
piracy, this maxim will be happily observed. , No
11.:w tribunals, penal sanctions, or forms of pro-
ceeding will he wanted : no untried inquisitorial
or executive powers will be necessary kir those
who will have to seize the offenders, and bring
them to public justice.; nor will any collateral
provisions be required to regulate the rights of
third parties, for piracy is an offence (and, as I ap-
prehend, the only one) the legal nature and eogi-
zance. of which, ►with all its incidents, are already
well known and established, and that with great
uniformity in every civilised state. It is, in fact,
the only violation of the Lsws of Nature that is
treated and puni-shed as such by every municipal
code ; the single penal case in ►which all civil so-
cieties are auxiliary to each other, and combined
,to vindicate, by their respective tribunals, the com-
mon safety of mankind.
By defining:the Slave Trade as piracy, you will
therefore not only avoid much practical innova-
tion, but greatly simplify your work. The legal
appellation alone will, ez vi termini, stand in
the place of many complex and delicate provi-
sions.
My practical conclusion then is short and sim-
ple ; though my arguments have been various
and long. Instead of the numerous laws and
treaties for the suppression of the Slave Trade,
the., inefficacy of which has been unhappily
proved, let there be one grand perpet-ual com-
pact for the deliverance of Mica, by which