The Sun.
London, England, 1842-02-21 00:00:00

-THE WORLD. I WEST CORNWALL ELECTION.
" The world" is a phrase of all-work—employed by every body ' k From the Devonp,rt Indepenlent.)
and in all places ; yet there is none of mare doubtful meaning in A very numerous body of freeholders assembled at the
the English language. Truly this is an age of astronomy, for more Town-hal 'W
,T.n.o, on ednesday last, among whom we noticed
worlds arc mentioned in our daily conversation than ever were seen the worthy candid rte, :Sir Charles Lemon. Bat t. ; T. A. Ro
through Hcrschell's telescope. In our generation worlds, like harts, Esq. ; Humphrey Willy ams, Esq. ; Charles Sawle, Esq.;
cutler useful inventions, have increased to such a degree, that G. C. Fox, Esq. ; Michael and William Williams, E“lrs• ;
when Divines who keep their carriages emphatically tell us Colin Scobell, the Rev. Mr. Hocken, J. A. Boase, Esq. ;
not to love the World, we are apt to wonder which of them Richard Taylor, Esq. ; Stephen Davy, Esq., &c. &c. The
they mean—and so on. First, we have the Great World, inha- Chair was taken at ten o'clock by the High Sheriff (J• 1-1•
bited only by the aristocracy. Byron calls them " Those for GILL, Esq., of Beckham), who addressed the electors as follows:
whom the: %If °rid was made;" and though some have had Gentlemen—One of the last duties of my Shrievalty has been
cause to suspect the truth of this doctrine, no doubt seems to convene you this day for the purpose of your exercising one
to remain on their minds that the World was intended solely for of the most valuable privileges of
Lord
Englishmen—namely,
the
to
their use. Next in order comes the " Gal. World" and the elect " one fit and discreet Knight' to represent
" World of Fashion," which are generally supposed to be synony. Western Division of this County, in the place of
mous. Then the " Scientific Worid," full of smoke and noise Boscawen Rose, now become Earl of Falmouth and a
whPeeoser
as the birth-place of steam ought to be. There is the of the Realm by the death of his Noble father,
to
" Literary World," illustrating the tnth of Solomon's memory, at a recent aggregate meeting of the County, I
wasproverh, "Of making many books, there is no end." glad to have the opportunity of offering the tribute of my
" Theatrical World," which is generally believed to be the proper respect for the many great and excellent qualities he exer-
name for all the test. There is likewise a'' Workin World," cised in your service, during his comparatively r
brief career.
occupied by the greatest and most useful class of mankind, but The Shrievalty is but of a year's duration ; yet. throughout that
voted low by all the lovers of gentility, and far beneath the no- period, I am proud to say, I have not only not seen any
ea-
rice of politicians, Which of all these, then, is by pre-eminence son to change the opinion formed by me when I first came into
Tats World ? The World which our godfathers and godmothers contact with the constituency of this county—but, that a more
renounce for us ? The World, which serves for a universal intimate knowledge of your many valuable qualities has ahun-
scape.goat, and bears alike the burthen of our sins and sorrows; dandy confirmed it—( Cheers )—and that I have the most entire
for who has not heard of respectable people being prevented from reliance in your discrimination and intelligence, leading you
doing their duty by the opinion of the world ? Does not Mr. Biter, this day to elect and send to the Commons' House, a represenn-.
when he is bitten, exclaim, with just indignation, against the trea- titive who, by his superior attainments, high character, a a
cherous World ? Does not the Irish rector, who sells a sick widow's perfect knowledge of your interests, will reflect honour on your
bed for tithe, declaim piously against the wickedness of the World! choice.—( Loud cheers.)
Listen to the wealthy merchant—the man of many thousands, who The Under-Sheriff (P. M. Little, Esq.), having gone
adds warehouse to warehouse, and ship to ship—who having more through the preliminaries, T. A. Robarts, Esq., in a luminouS
than enough for life, toils on a willing slave of Mammon, for what address, proposed Sir Charles Lemon,
Mart., as a candidate to
he must lay down at the bidding of the Great Leveller; even he, represent the Western Division of Cornwall in Parliament,
amid the bustle of business, finds time to complain of the trouble: which was ably seconded by Humphrey Willyams, Esq.
1 red
some World. Tell us, 0, ye philosophers ! (and one cannot turn a No other candidate being proposed, the High Sheriff declared
co now-a-days without meeting a Socrates) what particular Sir Charles Lemon, Bart., to be duly elected, which announce-
World is the theme of so many voices. Verily it is a question ment was received with enthusiastic cheers.
worthy of the British Association I—Punch, A vote of thanks was then voted to the High Sheriff, bid
G. C. Fox, Esq., seconded by Chas. Sawle, Esq.,
by acclamation.
The High Sheriff acknowledged the compliment as follell
—Gentlemen—But one principle has actuated me thouen,
out my Shrievalty, that of " doing justly." It is therefore that
I am proud to receive this gratifying testimony of your single
cation.—(Cheers.) If any one thing has afforded me we'.
heartfelt pleasure than another during the period a my herin,l
been in office, with the exception of the birth of our R°34.,
Duke, it is, that whereas I found both divisions of the ply
in a state of great excitement at the last general election, 1');
the single elections which have recently taken place in etch
division, they have respectively, terminated without a cenre't--
a noble homage, equally to the high character and truly esti-
and carrie
mable qualities of the Noble Lord who has the honour to re-
present the Eastern Division, as of the worthy Baronet, when',
by your suffrages, you have this day chosen to become u,.,
representative.—( Cheers. ) It now becomes my pleasing dr
to return my sincere thanks for the courtesy and good feel lit!
with which you have invariably received your Sheriff. nd f
offer you my best wishes for the happiness and prospearitY 0
every individual in this loyal and faithful county.
Three cheers being given for the Queen, Prince Albert, t.it:
Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall, and the High Sheri,
the meeting dispersed.

PLUGGING" AND THE NEW
GOLD COINAGE.

The present system of " plugging," as it is technically term-
ed by Minters, which, by the illegal insertion of pieces of un •
statutable metal into the gold coin of the realm, afterwards
dexterously covered over with thin leaf-gold, reticle; s
the coin light and falsified, has been of late carries'
to such extent, more especially in some of our manufacturing
towns, that Government have considered it incumbent upon
them, before long, to call in all the gold in circulation, for the
purpose of a general recoinage. Upon the character of this
offence, as regarded by the statutes of the land, and the coin-
ages which have occurred at former periods of our history, we
therefore advance the following comments, arising out of re-
search:—
PLUGGING : ITS MEANING.—The word by which this prac-
tice is designated, takes its rise from the ordinary signification
of the common word " plug," a derivative from the Dutch
plugghe, or Danish plug, which means stoppage up of a hole or
orifice. This, without further explanation, will be perceived to
determine precisely the nature of the offence in question, as ex:
plainer' above.
OFFENCES RELATING TO THE COIN—Tt is not our inten-
tion, categorically, to sum upunder this head all the detrimental
processes which have illegitimately been practised on the gold
coin of the land, whether the offence has been felonial or tre-
sonable, but succinctly to notice such Act as refers to the pre-
sent system of " plugging" in practice—a system which,
though specified under no especial word of that character,
nevertheless, from the width of the terms. is easily found to be
comprehended in the following of Queen Elizabeth with the due
punishment attached to its perpetration, and passed in the 18th
year of her Majesty's reign.
The Act, referring to false moneyers for a variety of mone-
tary misdemeanors, 18 Elizabeth, c. 1, includes the offence of
" plugging" under the generic term of " impairing, dimir fish-
ing, falsifying, and lightening," and the party offending is en-
acted to be attached of the crime of high treason.
The bad practices of the moneyers had accumulated to such
a degree in our history, so early as the twenty-sixth year of
Henry 11., that it was then found necessary to place a per-
manent superintending authority in the Mint to check the
growing evil, and the fabrication of money was then fixed at a
standard purity, and an assay-master appointed for its protec-
tion and preservation.
REWARDS FOR. AVPREHENSION OF OFFENDERS.— kfi the
perpetrators of the present system of " plugging" are doubt-
less many, and the bringing such to light., and punishment
a desirable service, it may be as well to make public to those
who will give due notice of any such offenders, that the re-
ward for apprehending and convicting any person so offending
against the statutes relating to gold and silver is 401., in order
to obtain which, the Judge shall give a certificate of the con-
viction, and the Sheriff, on its being tendered, shall pay the
same without fee, within one month after tender and &mend,
on pain of forfeiting to the party, double the sum with treble
costs, and the Sheriff shall be repaid out of the Treasury.
FIRST GoLn COINAGE.—The fist gold coins of which we
have any notice, were struck in the year 1257, by order of
Henry 111. They were of pure gold, weighing two-pence,
or sterlings, of silver, and were to pass for twenty pence. This
"gold pennie," as it was called, was nearly the weight of a seven-
shilling piece, and it is said t' at " the King tried this expe-
dient of coining gold through necessity,' and also that " the
City of London made a representation against the measur.t. "
RECOINAGE OF KING WILLIAM'S REIGN.—This re-coin-
age, which amounted to the sum of 7,000,000/. sterling, was
executed at the Mint of the Tower of London, as also at several
country :Ilints, by way of co-operation, in the 7th year of
William 111. An Act was then made for calling in all the
old coin of the kingdom, and to melt it down and to re-.coin it;
the deficiencies whereof were to be made good at the public
charge; and in every pound coined forty pound was to be
shillings. and ten pound sixpences, under certain penalties.
Persons bringing plate to the Mint to be coined were to have
the same weight of money delivered out, as an encouragement ;
and receivers-general of taxes, &c.. were to ree.eive money at
a latge rate per ounce. OUr guineas have been raised and
fallen as money has been scarce and plenty, several times by
_statute; and ann. 3 Geo. I. guineas were valued at twenty-
one shillings,at which they have ever since continued to pass.
THE COINAGE DUTY.—On this last occasion also, a duty of
ten shilings per ton was imposed on wine, beer, and brandy im-
ported, called the coinage duty, granted for the expense of
the King's coinage, bet not to exceed 3,000/. per annum,
18 Car. IL cap. 5. Thls duty for coinage has been continued
and advanced from time to time by divers statutes, and by
a 7 Geo. 11. c. 11 (explained by 27 Geo. 111. c. 13), the
Treasur' was ordered to apply 15.000/. a-year to the expenses
of the Mint in England and Scotland.
SILVER-FOTS OF THE COINAGE.--It is worthy of remark,
that it is on record in the books of the Mint, that in the re-
coinage of King William 111. the pots of silver weighed 400
pounds Troy and upwards ; but every trace as to how this
quantity of silver was melted is completely lost, and it is only
conjectured that it was done in pots made of wrought iron.
But not a vestige of a meltin g furnace, fitted fur such a pur-
pose, is to be found in the Tower, nor a single record of the
method practised. •
RE COINAGE or GoLn Ix 1774.—1 n the year 1774 and
subsequent years, we had a general re-coinage of our geld cur-
rency, which forms a prominent feature in Mint history. The
avowed object of this re-coinage was a reformation of the im-
mense quantity of light and defective coins then in circulation ;
and the motive for doing so was to prevent the new and heavy
coins from being selected from the circulation, and melted for
the high price which the gold brought in the state
of bullion. In fact, 41. of the gold coin then in circulation
would not weigh more than an ounce ; and by reference to
the prices paid by the Bank for gold, we find that this was the
market price. The holders of Bank notes demanding Flew and
heavy coins for them, required the bank to have a large coinage
of gold annually to supply this demand. These coins were
melted, and sold in the state of bullion to the bank for the
high price of 41. per ounce. To remedy this inconvenience,
the recoinage was compleled, and it had the effect desired ; for
the price of gold, during more than twenty years, never ex-
needed, but was rather under the Mint price.
The sovereign, or twenty-shilling piece, contains
1113.001 grains fine gold, and 1.2:3.274 grains standard gold.
The pound Troy of standard gold is coined into 46 sovereigns
and 89-129th of a sovereign, or into 46/. 14s. 6d. The Mint or
standard pr ce of gold is, therefore, said to be 461. 14s. 6d.
per lb. Troy, or 31. 17s. 101(1. per ounce.
With regard to the denomination or value to be fixed on the
coin which is to pass current. this, says Spelman, is lodged in
the breast of the King ; and if any unusual pieces are coined.
their value must be ascertained by proclamation ; I ut even
the King's prerogative seems not to extend to the debasing or
inhancing the value of the coin, below or above the sterling
value. 2d Inst. 577 :—Though Bir Matthew Hale, 1 Hal.
P. C., 194, appears tst be of another opinion. The King, how-
ever, has the power, at any time, to cry down any coin of the
kingdom, and make it no longer current. 1 Hal., P.C. 197.
spoken of. The last Committee to take into consideration 'he
state of the coins of the kingdom, and to propose what improve-
ments should be thought fitting and necessary, was, in the year
1798, when Lord Liverpool sat at the head of the Committee,
and who, in 1805, published his celebrated " Treatise on the
Cuins of the Realm, in a Letter to the King," considered the
most learned and inte-eating disquisition on monetary regula-
tions which we possess. Among the new principles endeavoured
to be established by it were :-1. That the coins, which are
the principal measure of property, should be compos. d of one
metal only—that this metal should he gold—and that the ex-
penses of fabrication (i. e., the Mint expenses) should be
taken out of the silver and copper coins.
The forgery, detraction, or debasement of coin, is an offence
that is practised more or 1-se at all periods. But to use the
words of Mr. M'Culloch, the most effectual means of prevent-
ing these nefarious practices is to improve the fabric of the
genuine coins, to cut the dyes with greater delicacy, and occa-
sionally to vary the form of the coins." That. authority fur-
ther adds, in corroboration of this remark, that " during the
lengthened period of from 1770 to 1816, the genuine silver
coins in circulation were so much worn and defaced, that it was
difficult to distinguish between them and counterfeits ; which,
in despite of the severest penalties, were thrown:nito circulation
in immense quantities; But since the issue of the new coins
in 1816, forgery and debasement have been comparatively rare,
and the improvement of the coins has done more to prevent
the issue of counterfeits, than could have been done by a dozen
Acts of Parliament."

THE MARKETS.-(SATURDAY•)

TEA MARKET.
We have still a firm Market, and a good demand. COD Of
Congou, Is. 104 d., is. Ild. cash; Twankay, Is. 100. per

P
TALLOW MARKET.-
Prices firm, with a good dem and. P.Y. Candle on,the
apt 48s. to 48s 3d. per cwt. For delivery there bits
more inquiry, and 495. was paid for several parcels.
stock of Tallow is still large, and supplies of South Al:aerie
continue to come in freely.
OIL MARKET.
Fish Oils difficult of sale, andsare still on the
Cod Oil 291. ; Pale Seal 40/. 10s. ; and Linseed Oil 341. '-
per cwt.
SPIRIT MARKET. Lee
Rum in fair request, and prices are advancing, Proof
wards Id. Fer gallon, and Calcutta Is. 4d. without cern
cate. Brandy dull of sale, and cheaper.
FRUIT MARKET. ts
The market firm, and the demand good for both Curran
Raisins. Valentia Raisins, 365.
WHITECHAPEL MARKET. killed
The trade was very lively, and the supply of country her
meat being small, everything was readily dispoi.ed of at hile"sh
prices Beef, 2s. 4d. to 3s. Bd. ; Mutton, 2s. 4d. to 45.;
4s. to ss. 4d. ; Pork, 3s. 4d to ss. 4d. ; Lamb, 6s. Shawte
Clover, a 10s. to bl. Bs. ; Hay, 21. to 4/. Gs. ;
16s. to V.
decliume:

-----
COUNTRY CORN MARKETS.
Wheat. Barley. Oats, Beall'
--1
Per Quarter., s. to s. s. to s. s. to a. s. to 0%, 44
atting.ton 57 72 25 36 2(1 31 35 44
Andover 5B 6 .6 :10 26 96
Banbury 56 6E, 32 40 23 33 26 40 , 44
Bast gstoke a 4 6`t 31 37 24 t 8 4.3 46 4-t
Cirenc-ster 5B It. 2 :5 99 31 43 4440
39
,loventry — CI 24 32 •.•1 0 3L
Oaveittry
Derby ...... 68 95 30 :_'3 43
31 49
Elowden tin —1; 44
El ti ngerford -tit 73 29 37 '25 20 40 45
Halton .. t 4 76 27 3: 22 34 ot 43
Nlat••:enhead 52 75 :32 35 25 31 36 44
ottingham 58 74 k 3 :-39 ••tt 27 :8 40
Wantage 6s 7ti ;:o 31 30 32 36 46 ott.,
Warwick , .8 38 26 30
43
Winchester --
York 5B 67 31 36 19 24 36 44ewd
Per Bushel s.d. s.d. B.d. 8. d. 8. s. d. s.d, s. (1. s• di 6 6
Birmingham 70 S 6 36 46 36 401 50 7U 6
NAKEN.IIO.O 151 ARKEI
steady. Beans dull sale. No variation in other articles.
Our arrivals of Wheat are moderate, axles languid, at
el °athag
prices. Barley scarcely maintains its rate. Oats and Shr"
Waear, eo.Essex and Kent —B. i• 645. • rit-P'-;
--- Nor tot. ti]t/ Solicit • 595. to (Os ~,
finC6l,
. 1
- co -

31 4$
38
'3
40

.in. am

---- Yorkshire

Foreign, Lied.
-----_-- White
Barley, Norfolk raw! Suffoilk
• Lincolnshire
Yorkshire Wold
.----- Foreign
Beans, New
-- Old
Oats, Potato
--. Poland
wrirziand and Sma)!
;beating
Malt

flape.tc.efi
HULL CORN
Wbite (per Quarter)

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.
CAMBRIDGE, FEB. 19.—The Professor of Potanv has given
notice that he will commence his lectures on Wednesday, April
13, in the schools in. the Botanic-garden, at one o'clock. fler-
borizing excursions in the neighbourhood will take place as the
weather may permit.
\lr. Johnson, K.S. Captain of Eton, has been elected to
the Scholarship of King's College, in this University, vacant
by the marriage of the son of Sir John Chapman, of Windsor.
51r. Johnson, recently obtained the prize offered by Dr. Haw-
trey, the Head Master of Eton College, for the best copy of
Latin verses, to be presented to the King of Prussia on his
Majesty standing as one of the sponsors for his Royal Highness
the Prince of Wales; he also gained the Newcastle scholar-
ship at Eton this year.
Rev. John Sabine, 8.A., formerly of St. John's College, in
this University, has been preferred to the rectory of 'I horn
Coffin, Somerset, vacant by the cession of the Rev. Alfred
Tooke; patron, the Rev. A. Tooke.
Rev. Isaac Hitchm, M.A., formerly of Pembroke College,
in this University, anti Curate of Holy Trinity, Clapham,
Surrey, has been appointed to the Head Mastership of the
Colleiate School, Glasgow.

PEEL'S EFFIGY.—We have stated that Sir
Robot Peel was paraded in effigy through the streets, while the
proceedings of the meeting were going on. He was at last taken
to the spot where unwholesome and carrion flesh is commonly
burned, and there reduced to ashes. We cannot say whether or
not the Right Hon. Baronet's executioners deemed him no better
than carrion.—Bradford Observer.
WILFUL ~11URDER.—An inquest was on Wednes-
day week held before W. B. Whitmarsh, Es l_ , at Coate, Chiseldos,
near Swindon, in this county, on the body of Sarah Crook, forty-
two years of age, who died from the blows she received from her
husband, who is a shoemaker at Liddinglon. A verdict of wilful
murder was returned by the Jury, and the prisoner was committe4
for trial.—Wiltshire hid e.endent.
A farmer lately ploughing in his field, near Frank-
mrd, King's County, happened to dip the plough deeper than usual,
ohen his -hare turned up s box of silver pieces, some of them Sp
nish, of the reign of Philip IV.; the remainder English, of the
-
Commonwealth, of the reign of the decapitated Charles, and of
few of his predecessors,--LOKrick Chronicle. .

s„ d.,
50 70l
15 !NE r
ither articles.
r-
•
les languid, at 1°
e. Oats and Sho-
04s. to
- 595. to (OIL firlC
s 5%. Et, tiOS. 0.0111, •
- 6i. to 59, fine 60y •
-s. 60,. to Ms- hne64s.
-8. -s. to 58s• "°- 704,
-8. 0-; 1!.301.
28s. w S„t 15?'
. •
08, to ,' ; )
• fi
29s to 30.. fine ne .
•••:1; • •
33. to Ent ytyr -"
35 • to ---s• fine
-s to IV' JAR
-8. -8. to =ll'
blone
I.:. laY2l4* vie •
275. to 255 vs"
net .at
. 36i. fine 4,L",,er
-/. 36/. Os. Sgt.-.
MARKET. 66e.
60i. °
r.l's cOs. •ii
6s. 66s.
A1a.3,5.,
ss.
16, ; 4
5. I".
iss tot Aos... • •
8ean5.......
Pease, Grey
Blue and White 3os. at .=
Linseed... s2s.
6/. .
•
Flour per sack
A."
Ilapezeed (per lu quarters) .
ZDINBURGH CORN MARKET. reegoo4'
Wneat. Barley. oats. 40.
First 706.0d 345. td. 26: 0,4. Ocl. 35
•Iscond 160 0 30 0 24 0 35 °„
91
Unird
Average price of Wheat
~ 1
PRICES OF PROVISIONSSc. tO
Beef, per to. Us. sd. to Os.gd. Fresl)Butter, 114. Ir uu 0 0 .
qutton 0 5 0 7 'Salt Ditto OlO
9° 0
0 7 010 Ditto, per cs °Q 0,
0 5 0 7 Eggs, per c10t.... 10 J
Lam, per qr. -- 9 0 4 0 OatStraw(kpl.)... 7 "
I'allow, 0 42 0 Wheat Ditto... 3 0 9 0
Quartern Loaf «« U9* 010 Barley Ditto 7 t
eotatoes.l4lb. 0 0 0 5 Hay, per5t.......„. 0 1
EDINBURGH MEAL MARKET imp 0
Per Sack of 2801 b. Imp. Per Stene 01141 b. "0/ 1'
First Oatmeal
second ditto._
Bsr!eymeal 1 10 0 Barleweal .......
P. 12 eimeal 1 8 0 Peasemeal ................ .e.
Pot Barley from 30s. to 41•4. per sack