The Sun.
London, England, 1842-05-03 00:00:00

COUTTS ,IIoARE, the .profit,in. :which is as certain '
and as 'easy of attainment as the' -rent of the Duke of
BEDFORD'S or BUCKINGHAM'S estates; and there are
the incomes of a physician and abarrister, every guinea
,of which- depends on hiS own Personal exertions. It in-.
chides the incomes of great'bre-wers, like the Messrs
BARCIAY -rmd ' PERKO-5,- and the yearly salaries of
their head brewer, clerks; and foremen: it includes:the+
vast proceeds of discount brOkers,:such as Mr. Guit'
NEF.and ATr.OVEREND, who turn over a million a year;
'and gain 30,0001. or 40,0001. by the operation ; and
it includes the weekly- pittanee of newspaper corn
• poiitore, reporters, and _editors. It includes the.
revenue of princely merchants like the: Messrs.
BARING and RornscOiLD, and it includes the hard-
earned fees .which are given for the daily and nightly
labours of sUrg,eonS and apothecaries. It includes the
proceeds of manufactures, embracing the enormous ,
incomes heaped up' by a PEnt, an ARKWRIGHT,
RTiNDELI4 •A' --(Litt' ; -Mnrsu'ALT.,- or a
GREG ; and it, includes ahnOst the humblest publican
and retail trader.. L a-post, therefore, admit that
clause embraces incomes of very different characters,
which ought not to be taxed to the same 'degree, nor.
onthe same principle. While I. am disposed to agree
.that the income derived from daily toil, or industrial
incomes, should, in some way he spared, I cannot
assent to reducing the tax on those gigantic incomes
which are embraced by this clause, and:which the Hon.
Member's amendment would rate at only 33-d. per
`pound. The.' Hon. Member has 'not comprehended
apparently, the extent of the 'Schedule D, which is
a. wide net with small meshes taking . in the Levia-
thariS of the monied world, and entangling the smallest
fish which swim." .
Itstrikes me that the income included in this
clause may :be divided into two classes. The first are
incomes derived from capital actively- employed in
trade, and managed by its owner ; they consist chiefly
of profit. The second are incomes exclusively derived
from salaries, wages, and' fees,' of which profit forms
no part. The persons who gain the latter, employ no
capital, except that which may have been vested in
their education and talents, which kind of capital the
persons who gain income from the former source also
possess. Many persons of both classes, such as
bankers, master manufacturers, publicans, shop-
keepers, and apothecaries, are in the receipt both- of
profit from the capital they employ, in their busi-
ness, and of an incoine, which is in reality the
salary of their professional skill. There may be some
difficulty to distinguish between the former and the
latter. It would be necessary to ascertain the capital
he employs, and allow him on that the average rate of
interest ; the remainder of his income might be con-
sidered as his'professional salary. Ile would have to
report both classes to the Commissioners. This rule
would apply to all trades ; and, having made this dis-
tinction, instead of lumping all kinds of trades, pro-
fessions, and vocations, under one schedule, I will
place the capitalists in a schedule along with the
landlords, and I will tax them full 7d. in the pound,
on their profit, and I will levy a smaller per tentage
on all incomes derived from fees, salaries, .and wages.
For that portion of their tncome which is not profit
but the salary of professional skill, they shall pay a
smaller per ventage, I will 'not say whether it shall
be the half, or 3d., as proposed by the

Honourable Member for Bath ; the amount
must be the subject for much consideration. I must
go into the market, and ascertain the estimated
value of incomes ; but I am quite clear that FEES, SA-
LARIES, and WAGES should not be subject to the
same rate of taxation as PROFIT from capital or
RENT of land, which is income realised without any
trouble, and realised especially by the guarantee and
protection of the State."
A wise and thoughtful statesman would, we think,
have made that distinction amongst others, and would
have taken time to work it fairly out. Sir R. PEEL,
by his exemption of all incomes less than 1501., ad-
mits that those who have not much should not be called
on to pay; and, by a parity of reasoning, he admits that
those who have something more than 1501., derived
from uncertain wages, fees, or salaries, should not pay
so much as men with 3,0001. or 4,0001. a-year, derived
from capital, which income is as certain as rent, or as
the annuities paid by the State. He will find, there-
fore, by, that admission, and by not working it out
fairly through all classes and descriptions of income,
,that he proposes to commit a gross injustice, and that
his Income-tax, if passed in its present unlicked, unsci-
entific form, instead of being the sure basis of a great
revenue for all kinds of exigencies, will be so hated
that it will be thrown oft; and his whole system of
finance be tumbled to the ground. We do not advocate
the tax ; we have only endeavoured to show on one
point, what an imperfect, wretched, bungling contri-
vance it is, with regard to those objects which Sir R-
PEEL, and that class of statesmen, seek to obtain.

Mr. T. DUNCOMBE last night presented to the
House of CoMmons the petition of those who have
ranged thernsetVes under the banner of the Charter.
It bears the incredible number of 3,315,752 signa-
tures, all of the industrious classes, and is, we con-
sider, well worthy of the attention of politicians and
of the public. We know a little of the classes who
haVe signed the petition, and it is our selemn convic-
tion that they do not use such language, as " where
representation is denied, .taxation ought to be re-
sisted," without . meaning to act on what they say
whenever they find an opportunity favonrable to their
success. After making all reasonable reduction in
the amount of the signatures, the number of petitioners
will be so vast, and thelanguage they use is so strong,
that the circumstance must be regarded as most signi-
ficant of the state of the people..
It is clear that theyhavelost all respect for the law ;'
they have some respect, but not -much for the power
of the ruling classes ; they have some dread of the
police and the military, but these will, in the end, be
found feeble substitutes for willing obedience and
affection. Three. million discontented petitioners,
forming the very heart, bones, and muscles of the Com-
munity, protesting against almost all , our institu-
tions, condemning the expense of the Monarchy,
severely reprehending the wealth and avarice of'
our anti-Christian priesthood; arguing that the
Wliole system of representation, and consequently of
laW-making, is Unjust, is, we crave leave to state with
all the earnestness in our: power, a phenomenon un-
exampled in the history of mankind, and not to be
dealt with the ordinary rules of policy. This is
one of, those cases for which the " file affords no prece-
dent," and we earnestly imploro her MAJESTY'S Mi-
niSters to lOok at it calmly and dispassionately. How
do they mean to govern this
,mass of. men in spite of
their own opinions? now ,do they mean to coerce
them ?.:.Haw can they hope,to enforce a law which
the bulk of the, commtutit despise? These are not
trifling questions, nor are these trifling difficulties.
They are not to be successfully-grappled with by an
income-tax and a tariff. The condition of England,
in a much larger sense than Sir R. PEEL has chosen
to take it up in, as eittnplified by the opinions of the
people, will force itself On the attention of the Ge
Ternment.

that' ,
SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
a- consie er a
TATTERSALLS—VasTainY.
The Cbtster Cu;! has excited SO U 11115114 an interest amongst
the subscribers topec the room took wing from d
Newmarerablketnumb after
the Friday's racing, and others from town
the south country sulators,
yesterday morning;
in fact, co numerous were the departures that the muster yep-
terday afternoon at the Corner was at least fifty per cent. below
and business flat and unimportant.
par, A comparison of
prices below with those published un Monday as the latest in
St. James's, will show that the variance is very slight indeed
in the established favourites, and that the only novelty in the
day's proceedings, was the reappearance of lUr. Ferguson,
Fireaway, on the strength of having run a decent second to
Great Wonder, for a Queen's Plate at the Curragh last week,
beating several others, his jockey riding 7 lbs. overweight.
The general prices at the close were as follows:
CHESTER CUP.
7 to 1 agst Lord Chesterfield's Marshal Soult
7 to 1 agst Mr. Holmes's Vulcan
7 to 1 agst Mr. Greville's Rory O'More
10 to 1 agst Mr. Kirby's Lanercost
11 to 1 agst Mr. C. St. Paul's Jolly Tar
18-to 1 agst Major Hay's Retriever
(All these odds were taken to small sums.)
THE DERBY.
3to 1 agst Colonel Anson's Attila-7 to 2 taken
5 to 1 agst Mr. Trelawny's Frederica c.-11 to 2 taken
Bto 1 agst Duke of Grafton's Canadian-9 to 1 taken
16 to 1 agst Lord Westminster's Auckland—take 18 to 1
25 to 1 agst Mr. G. Clark's Lord of Holderness—taken
25 to 1 agst Mr. Roger's Tiptoe
25 to 1 agst Mr. Dixon's Rallinkeele
30 to 1 agst Col. Peel's Chatham—taken
40 to I agst Mr. Ferguson's Fireaway—talcen
1000 to 15 agst Mr. G. Clark's Baronet—taken
OAKS.
6 to 1 agst Lord. Chesterfield's Bit-bar
. 25 to 1. agst Mr. Shackel's

The Gazette of Upper Germany states, from Berlin
April 24, that a Council of State had just been held, at which
the King presided, for the purpose of discussing the intended
law on the censorship, which it was reported would embrace no
other restrictions than these which are absolutely necessary.