The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-05 00:00:00

MAR YLEBONE.-(T HIS DAY.

Ellis Hartley and Alfred 'Thomas Gowland, two
fashionably-dressed young men, were placed at the
bar, charged by William Varney, a labouring man,
with assault, &c. _ _

Complainant, his wife, and child, were coming
down the Hampstead-road about eleven o'clock on
Saturday night, when the two defendants, and
another who had escaped, violently pushed himself
and child oft the pavement. His wife asked what
they meant by such conduct, when Hartley, who was
partially intoxicated, struck him a violent blow on the
head and then ran away. Complainant followed, and
gave him into charge of a constable. The other pri-
soner used no violence.
The prisoners could make no defence, and the Ma •
gistrate (Mr. Rawlinson) stated that if defendants
would remunerate complainant for the injury and
loss of time, he would dismiss them both.

Complainant was handed 205., and defendants lel
the bar.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
GLOBE.—It is not without considerable re-
gret that we find ourselves occasionally called
upon to make remarks on the conduct of the
metropolitan police force, which, notwithstand-
ing the general good behaviour of the body, will
suffer greatly in public opinion if particular acts
that deserve reprobation are allowed to pass
without censure or punishment. It is chiefly on
account of what appears to us a mistaken,
and indeed a contradictory, decision come to
by Mr. Combe, that we are induced to notice
a couple of charges brought by some police-
men, against a lady in the one case, and against
fiair gentlemen in the other—when the defence
urged iu both instances was, that/ the constables
had exceeded their duty, and had, in fact,
been guilty of the most wanton violence. It ap-
peared from the statements adduced in evidence,
and contradicted on oath by the policemen—
whose testimony was outweighed in the opinion
of the Magistrate by that of more creditable wit-
nesses—that a lady was quietly walking to her
own home, when she was grossly insulted by
some members of the force; and on expressing
her indignation with some warmth, she was car-
ried off as a drunk and disorderly person to the
station-house. That she was neither drunk nor dis-
orderly. and ought not to have been interferedwith,
was proved to the satisfaction of Mr. Combe, who
dismissed the charge; but on hearing the complant
against the four. gentlemen, whose offence con-
sisted in remonstrating with the police against
locking the lady up, the Magistrate fined them
all for " interfering with the officers and obstruct-
ing them in the execution of their duty." By
this decision it would appear that it is the " du-
ty " of the police to insult respectable females,
said then drag them to the station-house on
the charge of being drunk ; for it was in the
performance of this act that the officers were
" obstructed," by being asked for an explana-
tion of what they were doing—an " obstruc-
tion " they proceeded to remove by seizing on
the inquirers, tripping them up, and knocking
them down with great violence. That the po-
lice were wrong in the first instance was ad-
mitted by Mr. Combe, who dismissed their com-
plaint ; but in their violence to the gentlemen
who remonstrated with them on their miscon-
duct, they were, according to the Magistrate's
decision, completely justified. Itis sufficient for
us to point out the state of the law as adminis-
tered in the Clerkenwell Police-court; and
those who are desirous of avoiding a blow from
a staff, a night's lodging in the station-house,
and a tine of a pound or forty shillings, will ab-
stain from asking a question when they see a
respectable-looking woman appealing to the
passers-by against the violence of any persons
who wear the garb of policemen. Such really
seems to be the fact, if the report we have re-
ferred to be correct—and the decision of Mr.
Combe is consistent with the usual mode of deal-
ing out justice in the police courts of the me-
tropolis.
STANDARD.—The spiteful remarks of the
correspondents who supply to the Whig journals
the particulars of her Majesty's progress are
worth notice only in so far as they illustrate the
disposition to find fault; otherwise they are
below criticism. The Queen's arrival, although
sufficiently announced by. the General Steam
Navigation's vessels on the look-out, and though,
indeed, the approach of a naval Fquairon must
always sufficiently- announce itself, took the
worthy corporators of Edinburgh altogether by
surprise, and her Majesty was in the city
bethre half the important personages in question
had completed their toilet. The Queen, how-
ever, did not land before eight o'clock, and Sir
Robert Peel, and Sir James Graham, whose
early habits even Edinburgh burgesses need not
have been ashamed to imitate, were in a few
minutes after the Royal George dropped anchor
in attendance upon her Majesty. The civic dig-.
alitarlea might, therefore, easily have been pre-
pared for the respectful reception of their Sove-
reign. The corporators might not have expected
the Queen'; arrival at eight o'clock; but what
harm would there have been in rising at six,
once in their lives, and taking the chance of her
Majesty's early disembarkation ? One thing is
almost certain in such cases—either the party to
arrive, or the party receiving the guest, must
Wait for the other, or there will be sure to be a
disappointment. Now, with all reverence for
the burgesses of Edinburgh, it must be confessed
that it is more proper, even under the most or-
dinary -circumstances, that they should wait
for their Queen than that the Queen should
be required to wait fdr them ; but the cir-
cumstances of a
young lady, unused to any
kind of hardship,
at the end of a three or
four days' voyage in rough weather, and naturally
most desirous to set foot on terra firma with
the least possible delay, are not ordinary cir.
cumstances. Most of us know by experience
or observation, that the least delay in such
a case is felt as a cruel infliction; neverthe-
less this infliction the correspondent
Morning Chronicle intimates Sir u. of the
haveobert Peel
and Sir James Graham ought to
upen the Queen to allow the burgessesto p ressed
bitethemselvesexhi-
in full bloom before her Majesty.
But Sir Robert Peel happens to be, ha
Chronicle's Correspondent plainly is not—a tgem.
tlee
rnan ; and therefore had he made a
defi-
nite arrangement, of which there is not the
least proof he would have forgotten the ar-
rangement and all connected with it if its
observance implied the necessity of exposing
any lady, and more particularly his Royal
Mistress, to one minute's inconvenience.

•
HER MAJESTY'S PROGRESS
THROUGH E DINBURGH.
EDINBURGH, Saturday Night.
To-day Edinburgh has been the scene of joyous
loyalty and delight. The Queen and Prince Albert,
accompanied by the Ministers taking the tour with
them, have gone through the city in procession. They
have met the joyful acclarnatons of a loyal people,
and the whole affair has passed off in the manifesta-
tion of that true loyalty and devotion which the
Scottish people have ever been foremost to observe.
Almost from day-break this morning the people be-
gan to be astir in taking up their positions so as to
obtain a good view of the cortege, and at eight
o'clock the streets were completely lined with people.
Tens of thousands flocked forth in their gayest attire,
and it is impossible to imagine a more lively scene
than the whole city presented. -
_ _ _

_
Her Majosty was announced to leave Dalkeith
Atce at 10 o'clock : she reached the neighbourhood
of Holyrood about half-past 10, entering what is
called the Dukes Walk, and thence proceeding on-
wards towards the old town of Edinburgh. Both

Royal salute from the Castle announced their ap-
proach, and at this time the scene was most brilliant
and exciting. The Royal Celtic Society of Scotland
had taken up their position in the High-street, some
distance below the Castle, and in their splendid cos-
tume gave a great additional interest to the spectacle.
The Duke of Leeds, Christopher Campbell, of Islay,
and also the Marquis of Lorn, were amongst the gal-
lant tribe in full costume, and excited universal ad-
miration.
As the Royal procession came up the Cannongate
the cheering was most deafening, and especially at
the Cross, where the Celtic Society were posted, to-
gether with the Magistrates, and where the city keys
were presented. At a few minutes before twelve the
Queen reached the barrier, and, stopping close to
where to where the Magistrates were stationed, was
presented by the Lord Provost with the keys. His
Lordship thus addressed her Majesty :
" May it please your Majesty,
" On the part of the Lord Provost, Magistrates,
and Council of the City of Edinburgh, I beg to con-
gratulate your Majesty on your auspicious entrance
into this ancient metropolis, now graced for the first
time for ages with the presence of a Queen.
" These keys, committed to us by your prede-
cessors, have been fondly retained by us amongst
the vestiges of those warlike times when walls
and gates defended against hostile inroads.. Under
the protection, however, of salutary laws, firmly
administered by a succession of illustrious Mo-
narchs, from whom your Majesty is sprung, we
no longer require such shelter. We have the
happiness to confide the security of this northern
capital to a brave and orderly population, united in
their allegiance to their beloved Queen, and dignified
by the possession of that pure and peaceable wisdom,
which is at once the ornament and bulwark of our times.

" And now, with all humility, I deliver into your
Majesty's hands the keys of our city."
Her Majesty returned the keys, graciously replying
that they could not be in better custody.
This ceremony concluded, the entire procession,
joined by the Royal Celtic Society, the Lord Pro-
vost and Magistrates, &c., &c., proceeded up-
wards towards the Castle, amid the shouts of
the immense multitude, the band playing " God
save the Queen." On the route up the cheer-
ing continued with some animation, and her Majesty
seemed quite overcome with the warm greetings of
the populace. The Queen remained in the Castle
about half an hour, viewing all this interesting me.
mentos with which it abounds. She seemed especially
interested with Queen Mary's-room, and looked ex-
tremely thoughtful during her stay in it. The Royal
party returned through the most public portion of
the new town, and amid the same gratifying acclama-
tions of her people.
The enormous gun termed " Mons Meg," and
which was present at various sieges in Scotland,
seemed to attract much of the Royal attention. All
the various extensive views were remarked on with
spirit and mirth in her discourse with the Prince, and
the attending officers. Her Majesty also surveyed
the regalia, which had been removed from its ordinary
place of keeping to the officers' mess room. Through-
out the whole time of the procession the weather
continued fair, but soon afterwards set in wet.

EXTRAORDINARY MECHANICAL
INVENTION.
Although at the late meeting of the British Asso-
ciation in Manchester, there were many very inte-
' resting specimens of mechanism exhibited, there was,
nevertheless, one in particular, which threw all others
completely into the shade, when considered either as
to the novelty of the invention, or its evident practi-
cal applicability to the every-day concerns of life—
and may, with truth, be said to have been " the lion
of the exhibition," viz., a machine for the working,
or forging of iron, steel, &c. This truly surprising
machine is quite portable, occupying only a space
of 3 feet by 4 feet, and cannot be deemed other even
by the most critical judges, than one as purely ori-
ginal in principle, as well as practical in its applica-
tion, as much so perhaps as was the splendid invention
of the fluted roller of Ark wright, by which the art
and perfection of drawing the fibrous substances be-
came known, or that other still more splendid disco-
very of Watt, the condensing of steam in a separate
vessel ; by which the power of the steam engine of
that day may be said to have been doubled. But now
for some explanation of the machine, and its probable
general application. It is then, as has before been
said, very portable, not requirinc, more: space than
from three to four feet, and may bec' worked by steam
or water power, and when moved by the former, as
was the case at the exhibition, made 650 blows, or
impressions per minute ; but from their very quick
succession, and the work being effected by an eccen-
tric pressing down, not striking the hammer or swage,
not the least noise was heard. There are five or six sets
of what may be called anvils and swages in the ma-
chine, each varying in size. The speed and correct-
ness with which the machine completes its work, is per-
fectly astonishing, and must be seen in order that its
capabilities in this respect may be duly appreciated;
for instance, when it was put into motion for the pur-
pose of producing what is known as a roller, with a
coupling square upon it (and which had to be after-
wards turned and fluted), the thing was accomplished
in fifty seconds ! of course at one heat, to the
astonishment of the bystanders. But what ap-
peared as the most extraordinary part of the affair,
was, that the coupling squares was produced direct
frem the machine, so mathematically coirect, that no
labour can make it more so ! ! ! The machine will per-
form the labour of three men and their assistants or
strikers, and not only so, but complete its work in a
vastly superior manner to that executed by manual
labour. For engineers, machine-makers, smiths in
general, file-makers, bolt and screw-makers, or for
any description of work parallel or taper, it is most
specially adapted ; and forswhat is technically known
as reducing, it cannot possibly have a successful com-
petitor—in proof of which it may be stated, that a
piece of round iron, 14- inches in diameter, was re-
duced to a square of tin., 2ft. sin. long at one heat.
The merit of this invention belongs, it is said, to a
gentleman at Bolton, of the name of Ryder.—Pro-
vincial Paper.

sides of the Royal carriage, in which was seated the Witness—Not a word. You knew too well what
Queen, and on the right Prince Albert, were well you was about.—(Laughter.)
voila ded by the Royal Archers in their very beautiful Prisoner—Now, when von took hold of fne, did I
and appropriate costume. The Dragoons were at run away ? Witness—llo, for I had fast hold of
the head of the cavalcade, and another company you. You could not run away, but you struck me
followed behind. About half-past eleven o'clock a several thins.
_ _

Prisoner—Now, how do you know these men you
talked of 'were friends of mine ? Witness—lf they
were not friends of yours, they must have been very
intimate acquaintances.—(Laughter.)
Prisoner—You saw the lady at the Station-house.
Did you not see that there was a hole in the pocket
she says she lost her purse from ? 'Witness—The
only hole in her pocket was that into which your
hand got ?—(Great laughter.)
Prisoner—And you swear you saw my hand there?
Witness—Yes ; I saw it there quite comfortable.
You thought it was all right till I paid my respects to
you.—(A laugh.)
The prosecutrix stated that the cabman tapped her
on her shoulder, and told her she was robbed. She
had not felt any hand near her, but upon putting her
hand to her pocket she missed her purse.
Prisoner—l hope your Lordship don't believe what
these people say. There is not one word of truth in
all they have said, upon my soul. If I was on the
drop this moment I'd take my oath of it.
The LORD •MAYOR—I have known you to be a very
desperate thief for a length of time. Now, I have no
doubt we shall get rid of you. You are committed to
Newgate for trial.
CLERKENWELL.
Mrs. Charlotte Knight, an independent widow lady,
residing at No. 4, Claremont-place, Pentonville, was
brought up under the following circumstances :
Police Sergeant Cotton, 10 G, said that at half-past
one o'clock on that morning he was conversing with a
brother officer in St. John-street, when the accused
approached him, saying, " Oh, you are the villain, are
you ? You shall not be a policeman much longer, for
I am intimately acquainted with Colonel Rowan." lie
desired her to go home, but she refused and continued
abusing him, so he tools her to the station-house and
charged her with being drunk and disorderly.
_ _

Defendant—Before -you seized me did I not claim
the protection of a lady and gentleman who were
passing? Complainant—Seeing that you were annoy-
ing a lady and gentleman I told you that if you did
not go along I would take you into custody. I swear
that you were tlrurik ; and I did not say as you were
passing that I knew you well—You were just come
from Wallbank s.
haddocks, 40 G, deposed that lie was with Cot-
ton ; that the defendant when addressing the lady
and gentleman went close to them, leaving witness
and Cottyn some yards behind, and that the latter did
not :in any way interfere with her until she had
stopped at the door of the lady and gentleman, and
refused to go on. Defendant certainly implored wit-
ness to save her from being injured when the sergeant
seized hold of her. She was much excited and ap-
peared to have been drinking. The defendant, in
reply to the charge, said the sergeant grossly abused
abuse her as she passed, and, with a view of having
his conduct investigated, she said she would take his
number; at this instant a lady and gentleman came
up, and she implored their protection. Cotton said,
" if you take my number I'll take you," ant imme-
diately pounced upon her with brutal violence, and so
injured and alarmed her that she besought the passers
by not to allow her to be murdered. Two gentlemen
proffered to see her safe to the station-house ; but
they wre, instantly and without provocation, felled to
the ground, and kicked, and ultimately locked up.
" These and Ith lea " hr

other gentlemen," said the defendant,
" will presently be brought before your Worship,
and you will doubtless hear from them the real
facts of the case." Defendant called in cor-
roboration Mr. Richard Moss, of 65, Hermitage-
plaee, Clerkenwell, the assistant of Mr. Snow, auc-
tioneer, of Dorset- square. He said that all the par.
ties were strangers to him; that as he was passing the
defendant claimed his protection, saying she had been
much insulted by those policemen, and that Cotton
then said to her, We know you ; you have just left
Mrs. Wallbank 's, and if you talk to people about us
as you go along I'll take you in charge." He in-
stantly grasped hold of her, and witness asked why he
had apprehended her, when he said, "Never mind,
you know nothing about the matter." Witness had
by this time reached his own house, into which he was
glad to escape. The defendant was decidedly sober,
but somewhat excited.
Mr. Coventry, of 34, Percival-street, Clerkenwell,
deposed that the defendant had taken tea and supper
at his house with his family. She left perfectly
sober. He had known her twelve years, and never
knew her otherwise than prudent, sober, and quiet.
Several other gentlemen here pressed forward to
speak to her respectability, but the Magistrate ex-
pressed himself satisfied and dismissed the charge.
Next followed an examination incidental to the
above, and which terminated in a most extraordinary
manner.
Five gentlemen, named Neal, Hughes, Gibson,
Fitzroy, and Negas, were charged with interrupting
Cotton in the execution of his duty.
Cotton said, as he was taking Mrs. Knight to the
station-house, Neal asked the nature of the charge,
and as he would not satisfy him, he (Neal) said she
should not be taken until he was satisfied, at the same
time pushing witness against the railings. For this
" assault and obstruction" witness handed him over
to a policeman who was attracted to the spot by the
springing of his rattle. Mrs. Knight had asked Neal
to protect her, and said, " Don't let them take me to
the station4iouse." The other prisoners got round
witness, and prevented him from quietly taking Mrs.
Knight. The witness swore positively that he did
not strike either of the prisoners.
Maddocks the constable, deposed that Mrs. Knight
called Mr. Hughes by name, and requested him to
fetch Mr. Coventry.
The defendants, who were all men of most un-
questionable respectability, separately addressed the
Tench. They all protested that Cotton was drunk,
and said, that hearing the cries of murder in a woman's
voice, they hastened to the spot, and found Cotton
roughly grasping her; and she complaining of her
arms being pinched. Neither of them, in the most
remote degree, either by word or act, interrupted the
officer, but because they insisted on following to the
station-house, they, with the exception of Mr2Gibson,
were thrown down upon the pavement and brutally.
kicked. The latter gentleman had gone a silent spec-
tator to the door of the station-house, but when there
he was felled by Cotton, and instantly dragged to a
cell. They all said that such was cotton's conduct
that he must have been either mad with liquor or insane.
Mrs. Knight was examined for the defendants, and
on her oath corroborated their statements in every par-
ticular. •
The Magistrate (Mr. Combe), to the astonishment
of every one present, here said .he considered the
charge proved. If a constable exceeded his duty a
by-stander could go to a police office and lay a com-
plaint. Neal, who was the first to question the ser-
geant, he should fine 405., and the others 20s. each.
The money was instantly paid.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.
(From the Hampshire Telegraph.)
PORTSMOUTH, SEPT. 3.—The Pique, 36, Hon.
Capt. Stopford, has left Leith to go direct to Quebec,
to assist in removing troops to England.
The Sylvia, cutter, sailed on Wednesday for Jersey.
The Thunderer and Formidable were at Gibraltar
on the 18th August ; the Flower of Yarrow yacht at
Cadiz on the 19th; and the Lynx at Lisbon on the 22d.
The Superb, ship of the line, to carry 80 guns, will
be launched on Tuesday next from Pembroke Dock-
yard. On the same day the Albion, 90, will be
launched from Plymouth Dockyard, where the
Aboukir, 90, is also building.
The kite, steamer, has arrived at Plymouth from
Lisbon.
The Curacoa, with 1,850,000 dollars on board,
left San Blas on the 3d of June, and may be ex-
pected about the middle of October at Spithead.
The Gleaner, steamer, Lieut. Jeayes, arrived on
Thursday evening from Bermuda, which island she
left July 25, at which time Admiral Sir Charles
Adam, in the Illustrious, was there.
In llarbour—St. Vincent, Victory, Excellent,
Imaum, Orestes, Nautilus, Gleaner, Echo; and
Rocket steamers, and Chatham yacht.
At Spithead.—None.
PROMOTIONS AND APPOINTMENTS.
PROMOTlONS.—Lieutenants—Lord Wm. Compton
(1839), and Hugh Dunlop, late of the Shearwater, to
the rank of Commander.
Mates—E. E. Turner (1835), late of Cracker, to
command the Sylvia, and G. Marriott (1837), late of
Rolla, to the rank of Lieutenant.
APPOINTMENTS.—Lieutenants—W. Thorp, F.
Stanfell, and G. J. Napier, to the Orestes.
Master—G. H. Bower, to the Orestes.
Surgeon—A. S. Allen, M.D., to the Howe.
Purser—Frei. Brady, to the Orestes.
Mate—G. T. C. Smith, to the Orestes.
Midshipmen—H. A. Ford, to the Pique ; Edward
.Nicholson, to the Excellent.
Volunteers Ist Class—J. R. Alexander, to the
Thunderer ; Thomas Weston, to the Orestes.
Marine Cadets—W. H. W. Branch, Macnamare
Patey, F. C. Knight, F. A. Mason, and Edward Pym,
to the Excellent.
Coast Guard—Lieut. J. A. Butler to command the
Coast Guard Station at Clackton Wash ; Lieut.
Robert Lee Stephens, from Fairlight, to Rickbam ;
Lieut. Edward Knapman, from Cornhill, to Porthillie ;
Lieut. Edward Hennah, from Blackwater, toKilmore ;
Lieut. John Payne Brouncker, from Wells, to Salt-
fleet ; Mr. Peter Johnstone Fryer, from Scattery, to
Arran Island; Mr. Charles Eddington, from Claggan,
to Barna.

PLYMOUTH, THURSDAY, SEPT. I.—On Friday ar-
rived the Avon steamer, Lieutenant H. Byng, from
Woolwich ; she has had her defects made good, and
will' sail for the West Indies in the course of the week.
The Sappho, 16, Commander E. J. PaiTey, came into
harbour, and will be paid off to-morrow. On Saturday

HAYMARKET TREATnE.—The
production of Len..
don Assurance,
having been eminently successful at
this house, it has been repeated every night during the
past week, and it is announced for performance until
further notice. The house was c
and the Nabob for un flour, with the play, formed the
crowded on Saturday
night in every part. Bernard's farce of Locomotion,
course sc rved up for the entertainment of the public,
which showed markedly its gratification at being so well
catered for.

The Brussels journals contain an account of a
pigeon flight, from Paris to that city, on Sunday last.
Of 91 pigeons, which were let off at eight o'clock in the
morning, six, ,belonging
to different owners, arrived
before one o'clock. The first reached Brussels in four
hours and a quarter, and gained for its owner a prize of
a. bronze clock, awarded by a pigeon society. Prizes of
silver spoons, &c., were awarded to the owners of the
other pigeons, which arrived before one o'clock.

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, SEPTEMBER 5, 1842.

sailed the Calcutta, 84, Captain (l. P. Rich, for
Quebec. Arrived the Devon lighter, from Liver-
pool. On Monday, the Adventure transport, with
stores, from Pembroke. On .Tuesday the Spiteful
steamer was taken into dock to be coppered. In
Harbour—Caledonia, San Josef, Sappho, Avon, and
Confiance, steamers, and the Adventure transport.

CHIFFONNIERS, OR BONE-
PICKERS.

(From the "Report on the Sanitary Condition of the
Labouring Population of Great Britain.)
In Paris the interests of turbulent bodies of men,
the water-carriers, and another class of men called
the chiffonniers, who live by raking for what they
can find amongst the refuse cast into the streets, are
opposed to any change which will reduce the charge
of imperfect cleansing, and the disease promoted by
filth. The general practice in that metropolis is to
cast all the rubbish of the house into the street on the
overnight, or before seven o'clock in the morning,
when men attend with carts to sweep it up and re-
move it. In the night-time, however, the chiffonnier
comes with a lantern and rakes amongst the refuse, and
picks from it bones, rags, or whatever may have been
thrown away by accident, or by the carelessness of
the servants. The offensive filth of their persons and
their occupation, makes them outcasts from other
classes of workmen ; they sleep amidst their collec-
tions of refuse, and they are idle during the day ;
they are like all men who live under such circum-
stances, prone to indulgence in ardent spirits; being
degraded and savage, they arc ready to throw away
their wretched lives on every occasion. There are
nearly 2,000 of the chiffoniers alone in Paris, and
they and the water-carriers were conspicuous actors
in the Revolution of 1830. During the administra-
tion of Casimir Perrier the householders had com-
plained of the inconvenient mode of cleansing the
streets by large heavy carts drawn by three horses,
which, during their slow progress throughout the
day, obstruct ths. public thoroughfares and occasion
great inconveniences, especially in the narrow streets.
In the beginning of the year 1834, when the cho-
lera broke out, the attention of the authorities was di-
rected to sanitary measures, and the municipality de-
cided that the cleansing of the streets should be done
by contract, by a quick relay of carts of a smaller
and more convenient shape, drawn by single horses ;
and in order to diminish the inconvenience of the pre-
sence of these improved vehicles, the contractor was
allowed to collect one load for each of his carts on
the over-night, which would have led to a practice
similar to that of London, where the dust-carts take
the refuse direct from the house without any deposit
in the streets. But in this arrangement an important
interest had been overlooked ; the chiffonniers, who
were said to have been aided and directed by the
owners and men belonging to the superseded vehicles,
rose in revolt, attacked and drove away the conduc-
tors, broke to pieces the new carts, threw the frag-
ments into the river, or made bonfires with them.
Unfortunately at that time the cholera had broken
out at Paris. The mobs of chiffonniers which col-
lected on the following day were swollen by other
crowds of ignorant, terrified, and savage people, who
were persuaded that the deaths from the strange
plague were occasioned by poison. "My agents,"
says the then Prefet of Police, in an account of this
revolt, " could not be at all points at once, to oppose
the fury of those crowds of men with naked arms and
haggard figures, and sinister Woks, who are never seen
in ordinary times, and who seemed on this day to
have arisen out of the earth. Wishing to judge my-
self of the foundation for the alarming reports that
were brought to me, I went out alone and on foot. I
had great difficulty in getting through these dense
masses, scarcely covered with filthy rags; no descrip-
tion could convey their hideous aspect, or the sensa-
tion of terror which the hoarse and ferocious cries
created. Although lam not easily moved, lat one
time feared for the safety of Paris—of honest people
and their property." In fact, the riot was one of the
most dangerous that had been witnessed in that city,
and it was not suppressed without great exertions and
some loss of life. The anxieties which it occasioned
to the Minister, Casimir Perrier, and his disgust at
the political use made of it, were considered to have
contributed to his death. He was himself attacked
with the cholera, and died a few days after. Shortly
before his death, when expressing his disgust, he said
to the Prefet, "My friend, we are harnessed to a
vile carriage." "'Truly so," replied the Prefet, "and
the ways are dreadfully dirty." The material ways
of the city continued as they were, the Prefet seeing
that the introduction of the new carts became " a
motive to discontent and collision," took upon him-
self to set aside the contract with the contractor, who,
he states, received no other compensation for his losses
than a permission which he could not use to collect
the refuse during the day, and the chiffonniers con-
tinue to the present time in the exercise of their
wretched vocation at the expense of the public health
and cleanliness. •
The course of the present inquiry shows how
strongly circumstances that are governable govern the
habits of the population, and in some instances appear
almost to breed the species of the population. Con-
ceiving it probable that the aaiount of filth left by
defective cleansing had its corresponding description
of persons, I made inquiries of the Commissioners of
Metropolitan Police. From returns which they ob-
tained from their superintendents, it appears. that of
the class of bone-pickers, mud-rakers, people living
on the produce of dung-heaps in mews, courts, yards,
and bye-lanes, insufficiently cleansed, 598 are known
to the police. From an observation of the proportion
of filthy children and adults who appear amidst refuse
whenever there are new buildings and an unusual
quantity of rubbish, and from other circumstances, I
believe that, were the refuse of houses daily cast into
the streets in London in the same manner as in Paris,
London would soon have as large and as dangerous a
population of the chiffonnier class. I am informed
by Sir Charles Shaw, the Chief Commissioner of
Police at Manchester, that there are 302 of them
known within the police jurisdiction of that town
also. he complains that they have heretofore been
licensed in their occupation; that the children are
pilferers, and occupy the attention of the police, and
furnish a large quota to the stock of juvenile delin-
quents and the population of the prisons. lam in-
formed that in Bath there are about 100 of them
known ; and in other towns and places I have little
doubt that they would be found in like proportions,
which approach the proportions of the stated num-
bers of chiffonniers to the population of Paris. These
degraded creatures are also found amongst the in-
mates of the workhouses, and the close identity of
their habits with those of the chiffonniers of Paris
afford a striking proof of the similarity of the popu-
lation produced by similarity of circumstances. They
are thus described to me by an eye-witness :
" The bone-pickers are the dirtiest of all the in-
mates of our workhouse ; I have seen them take a
bone from a dung-heap, and gnaw it while reeking
hot with the fermentation of decay. Bones, from
which the meat had been cut raw, and which had still
thin strips of flesh adhering to them they scraped
carefully with their knives, and puts the bits, no
matter hcw befouled with dirt, into a wallet or pocket
appropriated to the purpose. They have told me,
that whether in broth or grilled, they were the most
savoury dish that could be imagined. I have not ob-
served that these creatures were savage, but they
were thoroughly debased. Often hardly human in
appearance, they had neither human tastes nor svm-
pathies, nor even human sensations, for they revelled
in the filth which is grateful to dogs, and other lower
animals, and which to our apprehension is redolent
only of nausea and abomination.'
The following Report from one of the superin-
tendents to the Commissioners of the Metropolitan
Police described-11 manner in which they appear to
the police, their moral character, and the efficacy of
the means of prevention ;
" With reference to the question of the Commis-
sioners as to the means of subsistence of that portion
of the population which at present exists by picking
bones in the bye-lanes, &a. in the event of those
places being properly cleansed, I
am of opinion that
they would be compelled to adopt some more laborious
and useful means of obtaining a livelihood, such as
field labour, Ike- They present an idle, dis-
solute class, prowling
of premises, and lanes, willing to commit petty felony
wherever opportunity aboutare tahte stables, yards, backs
presents itself. While it would
remove them, on the other hand, the instant removal
of filth from the metropolis must prove beneficial to
the health of the inhabitants."
It will then be found to be an ultimately beneficial
effect of the removal of the circumstances by the
adoption of such modes of cleansing as diminish the
prevalent amount of filth or filthy "processes, that it
will force a change to other occupations of a less do--
grading character, and diminish the number of per-
sons " brought up" to them. Any provision of the
nature of a Poor-law inav be said to be badly con•
structed which dces not allow the exercise of a dis-
cretionary authority to alleviate any severe incon-
veniences to the poorest classes from such changes.

LONDON AND BIRMINGHAM.
STATIONS, with their Distances from London.
LONDON, Harrow I lf, WATFORD 171, King's Langley 21,
Boxmoor 24f, Berkhampstead 28, TRING 311, Aylesbury 431,
LEIGIITON 41, Bletchley and Fenny Stratford 461, WoLvga-
Tort 521, Roade 60, BLISWeRTH 621, Weedon 691, Crick
and Welton 751, RUGBY (Midland Counties Junction) 83,
Brandon 89, COVENTRY 94, Hampton (Derby Junction) 103,
BIRMINGHAM 1121.

Depart ur a Arrival Arrival
DOWN TRAINS. from at :..t
London. Rugby. B rmingh am
---.
-- - -
Mixed, to Birmingham ... 6 0 M 930 M 11 15 M
Third Class, ditto • ......... 7 0 128 E 330 E
Mixed, ditto
First Class, ditto
Mixed, to Rugby
°MAIL, First Class
Mixed, to Birmingham
Ditto ditto
Ditto, to Aylesbury
Ditto, to Birmingha ns 5 0 838 10 15
4 Ditto, to Wolverton
*MAIL, Mixed B3O ill 58 130 M
*MAIL,. to York, by Rugby 9 0 112 15 M
Departure Depar- Arrival
UP TRAINS. from tune from • at
Birmingham Rugby. London.
' ---- -
°Mixed, from Wolverton ..... ...... ..... 930 M
Ditto ditto
Ditto, from Birmingham... 7 OM 823 M 12 45 E
Ditto, from Aylesbury
*MAIL, First Class - 830 943 130
Mixed, from Birmingham 10 0 11 17 3 15
Ditto ditto l2 Noon 123 E 6 0
Ditto ditto ll5 E 235 630
Ditto, from Rugby 4 0 7 45
Third Class, from Miming. 220 413 10 0
First Class, ditto 4 0 517 915
Mixed, ditto.
*MAIL, Mixed, ditto l2 Night 1123 M 5 30M
*Mixed, from Rugby , 1 5 5 0
• The Sunday Trains arc marked *.
In addition fo those marked, there is a Mixed Train leaves
Birmingham on Sundays at 1 30 E, calling at all the Stations,
and arriving in London at 7 30 E.

DOWN.

Departure from

LArrival at

Darling- York,
ton.

Man-
che.to

Sheffield.
8 1511
9 30
11 45
2 45E
6 30
6 45

t

6 15M 8 45M
9 15 12 Nom
12 15E 3 OE
330 1619

7 OM
10 0
1 10E
4 45

I 6 45M1

9 45M'
7 ME
9 0

Derby.
10 15111
11 15
12 45E
4 15
8 15
10 9

11 45M
9 15E'
10 9 -
la', and

:3 30E 1 6 19E1
*.* Trains leave Hull
at 2i and SE. On Sunda:

.6i and 1

GENERAL RAILWAY INFORMATION.

N.B. in the following Tables M signifies before Noon, and
E after it.

GREAT WESTERN.
OPEN TO TAUNTON.
STATIONS, with their Distances front Paddington.
PADDINGTON, Ealing si, Hanwell 74, Southall 9, West
Dra) ton 13, SLoucti 18, MAIDENHEAD 22k, Twyford 304,
READING 35i, Pangbourne 414, Goring 44k, Wallingford
Road 47k, STEVENTON 564, Farringdon Road 634, Shriven-
ham 714, SWINDON 77 (Junction w,th the Cheltenham Rail-
way), WOOTON BASSET 824, CHIPPENHAM 934, Corsham
954, Box 1914, BATH 1064, Twerton 1084, Saltford 1114,
Keynshatn 1134, BRISTOL 1185, Nailsea 1265, Clevedon Road
1305, Banwell 1334, Wxstox SUPER MERE 1364, High-
bridge 1454, BRIDGEWATER 1515, TAUNTON 1624.

DOWN TRAINS El.parture Arrival at Arrival at
from Swindon their
Daily, except Sundays. Paddington. Junction. Destination.
Goods Train to Taunton .... 430 M 10 0.51 855 E
To Taunton
Ditto . 1 0 10 45 220
Short Train to Maidenhead 9 0
MAIL, to Taunton . •• 10 15 1 0 E 410 E
Short Train to Maidenhead 11 0
To Taunton l2 Noon 2 58 6 35 E
Short Train to Slough 1 30
To Taunton .......... 2 OE 450 855
Short Train to Reading .... 4 0
Short Train to Slough
To Bristol
Short Train to Maidenhead 530
To Swindon
MAIL, to Taunton . 855 11 35 255 51
Goods Train to Taunton
SUNDAY DOW N TR SINS
Short Train to Slough
To Reading
Short Train to Slough 9 30
MAIL, to Taunton . ...... .. 10 15 10 E 430 E
To Taunton
Short Train to V aide";thead 5 0
To Swindon 7 0 10 0
MAIL, to Taunton ... 8 55 11 35 2 55M
UP TRAINS Time I Leave Arrival
of Swindon at
Daily. except Sundays. Starting. Junction. Paddington.
Short Train from Reading...) 730 M •-•-:= t 75551-
Ditto from Slough.... 9 0
From Swindon
From Bristol
Short Tr. from Maidenhead 11 15
MAIL, from Bristol ..... ... '8 40 10 28 110
Short Tr. from Maidenhead 145 E
Goods Train from Taunton.. 730 M 540 E 12 0
From Taunton
Ditto ll 15 240 530
. Short Train from Slough
From Taunton l2 30 E 420 7 5
Short Tr. from Maidenhead lil 0
From Taunton
MAIL, from Taunton
Goods Train from Taunton 630 E 240 740
SUNDAY UP TRAINS.
Short •Tzain from Slough
From Swindon
MAIL, from Taunton ....... 645 10 30M 110 E
Short Train from Slough ... 50 E ......
From Taunton ... l2 30 420 E 720
Short Tr. from Maidenhead 730 ""••'•'••• 830
b..... Ditto from Reading.... 9 0
MAIL, from Taunton
..... 11 15 235 M 525 M
The Short Trains stop at all the intervenino• Stations.

8 30
10 30
2 35 MI 5 25M
rvening Stations.

SOUTH WESTERN.
STATIONS, with their Distances from Nine
NINE Elms, Wandsworth 3, Wimbledon 6, KINGSTON 10,
Esher and Hampton Court 13, Walton 15i, Weybridge 17k,
WOKING 23, Farnboroulh 315, Wmehtield 36, BASING-
STOKE 46, Andover Road 56, WINCHESTER. 64, Bishopstoke
(Gosport Junction) 72, SOUTHAMPTON 77, Bottley 77, Fare-
hani 82, GOSPORT 67.

DOWN TRAlNS,Departure Arrival at Arrival
from Southamp. at
Nine Elms. ton. Gosport.
---
Mixed Train ........... 70 M 11 5 M 10 30 NI
Ditto ...... 9 0 12 20 E 1• E
Fast Train .... ...
.1
11 0 2 0 2 25
Goods Train , *******************
12 Noon 6 10 6 25
..
mi,c,d Train
..... lo E 4 liu 5 0
Fast Train 3 0 6 0 6 f... 5
Mixed Train 5 5 0 8 3) 9 0
MAIL ~.. .•.
Goods Train ............. lO • 40 M 5 0
SUNDAYS.
Mixed Train ll 0 M 145 E 210 E
Ditto
MAIL .............
Short Trains to Woking at 1014 Morning, and at 214, 414, and 5
Evening, caiiing .t intervening stations, and performing the journi
in an hour and ten minutes. Sundays at, 01,i M. and at 24 And -I, 7

11 0M 1 45 E
5 u E 845
a •"•0 11 57
; 1014 Morning, and at 214,
ng stations, and performin:
• Sundays at M, and at

i 210 E
9 10
12 :32 RI
414, and 334
1,9; the journey
214 and 7,,,E

Departure I Departure Arrival
UP TRAINS. from from South- at
Gosport. ampton. Nine Elms.
--- ---
MAIL
Mixed Train
Goods Train
Mixed Train 8 3.) 1) 0 12 30
Fast Train lO 30 11 0 2 0
Mi's ed Trein l2 SO E 1 0E 430
Fast Train ,. 230 3 a 6 0
Mixed Train 530 6 0 9 15
Goods Train
SUNDAYS.
MAIL
Mixed Train
_ Ditto....
__ _ 430 E 5 0 E 645

2 15 M 5 25 M
16 0 1 43 E
5 0 E 8 45
1'.4, 5,4, and 74E. Sun.
id 84E.

Ditto .
Short Trains leave Woking
days at

4 30 E
laily at 7%M,
M, 6!4, ant

LONDON AND BRIGHTON.

-—— • -
STATIONS, with emir Distances from London Bridge.
LortnoN, New Cross 3, CROYDON 10*, Godstone Road 134,
Stoat's Nest 14k, Merstham 19i, RED lism,2l*, Harley 2.5 i 2
THREE Bnxnoss 29*, Balcombe 33i, HAYWARD'S HEATH
374, Hassock's Gate 43-i, BRIGHTON 50i.

Leave I Arrive in , Leave Arrive in
DOWN. London. Brighten. I UP. Brighton. London.
I •
Mixed 745 M 10 15 M From Croy.
MAIL. First ! don 930
Class 943 11 45 Mixed
ToCroydon 10 45 First Class 9 0 11 0
Mixed ..., 11 45 1 215 E Mtil.Mixed 11 0 i 2 E
Ditto
Mixed 3 0 5 311 'FirstClass... 331 5 l'O
First Class 4 :-.0 030 Mixed . 6 0 11 30
Mixed
Goods 9 0 12 30,11 ;Goods 9 0 12 30 51
ToCroyden 930
SUNDAYS. Trom SUNDAYS.
Mixed 745Az,19 15 51 I Croydon
Ditto
Ditto
TeCroydon 10 0 Ditto 7 0 930 '
SHOREHAM BRANCH.—Mixed Trains leave Brighton for Shore. ham daily at 73 ; and 9311 M, and at 12 15, 2 aid 5
45,_and 7 OE,
On Sundays at 9 051, and at 2 15, 3 45. 5 15, mid 5 45E.
From Shoreham for Brighton at 810 and 10 3051, and at 1 0, 33 ‘,
530, and 7 30E. Sundays at 10 OM, and 245, 4 :Al, 60, and 8 OE.
The Mixed Trains stop at all the Stations, the First Class Trains
on'y at First Class Stations.

LONDON AND DOVER.
OPEN TO HEADCORN STATION.

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