The Sun.
London, England, 1829-12-18 00:00:00

GERMAN PAPERS.

(From the Courrier de Smyrne.)
SMYRNA, Nov. I.—Chance, blind fate, is no
longer a divinity; where should we be if we were
obliged to believe that an empire goes to ruin be-
cause fate has decreed its fall, without the possibi-
lity of finding a deliverance by human means
The treaty takes from the Turks land and money,
and consequently its material interests. In a moral
point of view the Turks are at this moment
weakened, as must be the case with every con-
quered nation, which necessarily loses in its own
esteem, and in that of other nations. However,
there are in Turkey, more than in any other country,
numerous ways to find compensation for the vicissi-
tudes of military fortune.
The Porte has lostsome territory; but in a State
like the Ottoman empire, which possesses such
immense territories under one Sovereign, can a few
square miles, nay, even some military position
given up to the enemy, be of such great import-
ance as to affect in any manner the vitality
of the State ? In the commotions which have
shaken Europe during the last half century,
how many of its States have been deprived of
whole provinces without the smallest diminution of
their real strength, which consists not in the dead
earth, but in the art of animating it, which is the
secret of power. The Porte must also pay money,
and the sum is indeed large, when we think of the
state of the finances. But is there in Europe a
single Ministry of a well-regulated state, whose
sleep is for a moment disturbed by the recollection
that it needs tits same number of millions as the
Turkish treasury requires to pay the military con-
tribution ? Money, therefore, is not, as it was
thirty or forty years ago, impossible to be obtained
by the Government, but it comes in only when order
and good government give it security. If the
Porte will,—if its internal organization, by insuring
respect to private property, give consistency to pub-
lic property,—the millions of Europe will come to
its aid. It is only thus those bonds of interest be-
tween Turkey and other nations, that truly univer-
convention can be formed, which unites all na-
tions for their common preservation. Every thing,
therefore, depends on the course that the Turkish
Government shall take. Spain, in possession of the
mines of America, remained poor in spite of the
gold and silver which its galleons brought it. It
would now be one of the richest countries in Eu-
rope if it had cultivated its soil, if it employed on
canals and roads the hundredth part of the treasures
wh.ich it long considered as the sole source of pros-
perity. Happy is the land whose soil gives an
ample reward for the labour bestowed on it. In
this particular Turkey may be envied by other
States. In every part of the countries governed
by the Sultan, the earth is prodigal of its gifts;
the slightest exertion of the arm of the inhabitut
obtains the richest produce, iind the thousand Eu-
ropean ships that yearly contend for the advantage
of taking them away, seem to indicate to the Porte
that the fertility is far from producing what it
might do; and that it awaits only the encous
ragement of a protecting Government to double
the wealth of its subjects and its own. The
Mussulman people deserve, indeed, all the regard,
nay, love, of those who govern them. Where shall
we find men more unassuming, more plain in their
mode of life, more moderate in their wishes, more
compliant to the will of their Sovereign ? We see,
indeed, in other countries, under a despotic Govern-
ment, humble and resigned people, who remain pas-
sive whatever may happen to them ; but they are
almost every where serfs, who hardly venture to
anise their bodies which are bent to the ground.
Tlit {'arks, on the contrary, noble-minded, filled

Etc t 4 *Ant.

LONDON,
FRIDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 19, 1829.

We have received the Paris Papers of Wed-
nesday this morning by Express.
The rumours of coups d'etat and of changes
in the Ministry, which have lately followed each
other in regular succession, have for the present
been interrupted by the death of M. D'AMBRAY,
the Chancellor of France and President of the
Chamber of Peers. As Chancellor he was not
removeable at pleasure, but as President of the
House of Peers, the KING having the power to
name the Presidents of both Chambers, he was
technically removeable, although in the case of
M. D'AMBRAY it was very certain that the
Royal Prerogative would never have been ex-
ercised for that purpose. On one occasion the
Ministry of Justice was joined to the office of
Chancellor, and M. D'AMBRAY was for a short
time encrusted with the seals. Since that period,
however, it has been acknowledged that the re-
sponsibility which attaches to the acts of a
Minister is incompatible with the character of
Chancellor of France.

The political importance of the office results,
we believe, chiefly from the Presidency of the
Chamber of Peers, and from the influence
which naturally arises from his situation in the
House, as Director and Moderator of the De-
bates. That influence, however, on the delibe-
rations of the Chamber of Peers, has not lat-
terly been exercised to any great extent by M.
D'AMBRAY, in consequence of the indisposition
wader which he has long laboured ; but the seat
of its power has not been less important or de-
cisive in the salons of M. DE SEMONVILLE,
the Grand Referendaire of the Court.

It is natural that a vacancy in an office of so
much importance should excite the attention of
Government. Several candidates for the vacant
dignity have already started, at the head of
whom may be placed the present Vice-Chan-
cellor, M. DE PASTORET. The Marquis Dit
BARTHELEMY, formerly Vice-President of the
Senate, and afterwards Vice-President of the
Chamber of Peers, resigned the latter title in
favour of his friend M, DE PASTORET, who,
tir,der the late Ministry, in conseiuence of the
indisposition of M. D'AMBRAY, had the Vice,
Presidency changed into the office of Vice-
Chancellor. M. DE PAsTot-ticr has never
identised himself with any of the political par-
ties in the State, and if it i.e desirable to make
a choice, which would not be the expression of
any political predilection, it could not be better
directed.

M. RAVEV., it is Said, is also already in the

field; and, if drawing-room report be worthy of
much attention, he has a great chance of suc-
cess. It is currently reported that, at the time
of the haterview which he had with his MA-
JESTY, the dignity was expressly promised to
him. It is understood, however, that such a
choice would be highly offensive to the Chamber
of Peers. M. RAVEZ has been but lately pro-
moted to the dignity of the peerage, and has not
the name or standing which is obviously neces-
sary to enable him efficiently to exercise the
powerful influence connected with the office of
Speaker of the Upper House. There are so
many names in the Chamber of Peers distin-
guished in the Magistracy, such as the SEGUIERS,
the MOLES, the PASQUIERS, and the D'ALI-
GRES, that to name an individual, comparatively
obscure, like M. RAVEZ, could not fail to be
regarded as an indignity offered by the advisers
of the Crown to the Members of the Upper
Chamber; collectively and individually. A num-
ber of other candidates are mentioned, such as
M. PEYRONNET, M. DE LALLY, and even M.
DE POLIGNAC. The only objection offered to
the Prince is, that such a dandy Ambassador
could never discharge the serious functions of
the Presidency with the necessary and becoming
degree of gravity.
The following are extracts :
(From the Messager des Chambres of Wednesday. )
PARIS, DEC. 16.
A duel is said to have taken place between M. Genoude
of the Gazette and M. Martinville of the Drapeau.

A letter from Toulon informs us that M. Massieu de
Clerval is to succeed General De la Bretonniere in the
command of the blockade of Algiers.
A disaster, like that which took place at Navarin, was
near occurring at Modon on the 16th November. At the
beginning of the night a fire broke out in a house of the
bazaar, inhabited by the Greek merchants. The drums
immediately beat to arms, and all the French soldiers in
garrison in the place repaired to the spot, and, by their
extraordinary exertions, succeeded in checking the progress
of the flames, which otherwise might have spread through
the town, and communicated to the powder magazines.
Several houses were however consumed by the flames, or
demolished, in order to stop their progress. This is a great
loss in a country where the ravages of a long war have left
few houses standing.

VIENNA, DEC. 5.

Yesterday there was great bustle on our Exchange, in
consequence of the accounts from St. Petersburg!' respect-
ing the health of the Emperor Nicholas. The funds fell
at first, but afterwards recovered on the publication of the
bulletins in the Austrian Observer.

It is reported that her Majesty the Archduchess Maria
Louiss of Parma is seriously indisposed.
The last accounts from Constantinople are of little im-
portance.

VUNNA, DEC. 7.—Nletalliques 1021; Four per Cents.
91! ; Bank Shares, 1,232.
(From the Gazette de France of Wednesday.)

PARIS, DEC. 15.

since we have been assured that no retrograde step
weuld be taken out of the Royal prerogative, France
has been filled with reports of all kinds tending
to excite a belief in Ministerial changes, conformable
to the wishes of our Journals. All the combinations of
parties have been represented as those of the Government,
All the dreams of liberal ambition have been held forth as
approaching realities. The combinations and the dreams
are exhausted, and we find to-day, as we did four months
ago, only these words, " No more concessions, no condi-
tions, are the Order of the Day of the Ministry."

The Journal du Rouen of the 14th announces the death
of the Chancellor d'Ambrey, at his seat at Montigney, of
a disorder of which he had already had several attacks.
[The Gazette quotes from the Courrier Francais the
article from the Messayer respecting the discussion i❑ the
Council of State, with the addition of various reports
respecting changes in the Ministry. It adds, ‘. The
Courrier doubtless had a short-hand writer at the meeting
on Saturday and the Council OR Sunday, to be able to
give with so much confidence even the substance of the
opinions that were delivered there. There is not a single
word of truth in all this gossip of the Courrier."]
PARIS STOCK EXCHANGE, DEC. 16.—Five per Cents.
10Sf. 70c. SOc. 90e. SOc. 70c. 65c. 10Sf. 70e. 65c.
60e. ; Three per Cents. 84f. 30c. 35c. 45c. 40c. 35e.
10e. ; Bank Stock, 1,920 f. 1,915 f. ; Rentea de Naples,
91 f. 70c. 60e. 40c.; Rente d'Espagne, 771 ; Royal Spa-
nish Loan, 8 1 i ; Rente Perp. d'Espagne, 614 - 62 62
62 ; Ilaytian Loan, 455 f. 450 f. 455 f. 450 f. Exchange on
London—One month, 25f. bsc. ; three months, 251. 40c.

We have received Dutch Papers, containing
the Message of the King of the NETHERLANDS
to the Chambers, together with his insidious
project for destroying the liberty of the Press,
both which we must postpone, for want of room,
till to-morrow.

There is so much good sense and good feel.
ing in the observations of the SOLICITOR-
GENERAL, on a recent application for a writ
lunatico de inquirendo (which lately appeared
in our columns), that we cannot refrain from
adverting to the subject, not with reference to
any particular case, but the system of the same
individuals exercising the incompatible offices of
physicians and keepers of lunatic receptacles.
The SOLICITOR-GENERAL truly says, that a
man who keeps a receptacle—" keeps it in the
way of trade,—it is not a place for a physician
to keep,—he ought not to keep it,—he, as a
physician, ought to say, who is to go there, and
no person whose advice is to be taken ought to
keep a receiving house—nobody supposes he
keeps it as a place of amusement—he desires
his establishment to be fidl." Of course "he
desires his establishment to be full ;" and takes
the best means to fill it.

We have been told that Lunacy cases in-
crease ; it would be matter of wonder if they did
not, since receptacles now form a line of cir-
cumvallation nearly around the metropolis ;
there is one great receptacle at Clapham, (they
are seldom on a small scale,) another at Peck-
ham, at Bethnal-green more than one, where
individuals are incarcerated by hundreds ; others
at Hoxton, Clapton, Hackney, Islington, &c.
&c.! The higher orders of Physicians, however,
do not keep receptacles—they know what is due
to the dignity of their profession, their own
character, and their public duty ;—the keepers
of receptacles arc mostly of another class, and we
have heard that apothecaries, dissatisfied with the
profits of the shDp, have obtained diplomas, es-
tablished, and (of course) filled receptacles, and
forthwith stepped into their carriages ! The trade
can scarcely fail to be profitable. The adage,
as to mad dogs, is unhappily also applied to
men, and the receptacle-keepers know and profit

by it. In ordinary cases, nothing seems more
easy than to make a man mad whenever his
friends think it their interest to shut him up,
and then with his money pay the Doctor ! They
have only to apply for a certificate, tell their own
tale, (true or false,) and the certificate, we are
led to believe, from recent circumstances, is
signed forthwith.

Nothing is so easy as to accuse another of
insanity, and there is no charge (above all, under
the present system) so difficult to repel. Does
the accused, on being visited by the keepers
sent by the Medico-receptacle-keeper, express
astonishment ?—that is held confirmatory of mad-
ness. Is he of a warmer temperament, and
does he express indignation ?—that is double
confirmation. Is the unhappy victim a female,
aged or young, whose near connexions find it
convenient to seclude her, perhaps for life, and
does she express dejection or despair ?—that also
is confirmatory of madness. The SOLICITOR-
GENERAL might well say, " Ido not see who
is to escape a system of this sort."

Where is the man—the most sane, the most
sensible—the tenor of whose life has been so
equal as never to have been excited ? Yet such
excitement,—which often displays the best feel-
ings of our nature,—be it of joy, grief, or anger,
when taken per se, represented by an interested
party,—to a physician interested in believing the
representation,—his feelings excited by the fee
in prasenti,—the perspective of fees infutztro,—
the share of the wages of the keepers,—and the
profits of the receptacle,—is readily made to
establish a case of lunacy. "I do not see who
is to escape a system of this sort."
If any physician should dislike these observa-
tions, to use the language of the SOLICITOR-
' GENERAL, " he should be content with the com-
mon profit derived from his profession."
Sir E. B. SUGDEN has truly said that the
keeper of a receptacle " has a direct interest
against the honest advice he ought to give. If
he is called on to say whether a man ought to
go to the retreat (receptacle) or not, I think I
can tell whether interest would make him tho-
roughly weigh the case."
" The truth is that any man may be mad in
these circumstances ;"—the public safety requires
that these keepers of lunatic receptacles should
be restrained, far more than many of their in-
mates,—and they must be restrained.