The Sun.
London, England, 1845-02-10 00:00:00

PV.OGRESS OF THE REPUBLIC
OF CHILL

Of all the republics of South America which have
shaken off the tyrannic yoke of Spain, that of Chili is
the least known in Europe, in const quence of
*its. dis-
tele rowel Horn. ritee
nett ral taourees of Oil
tin c ale; ry lit he Smith P telfie are e tli•ely iinkeown
try tee esetredity f Europ- ans, whose knowledge of'
..eete e-a de es nor t.xe.ee treyeed etexiee, fetlumbia,
ezfis, and Biteees Ay:.eseehe of ilv•t
pert et• the new wovid ; i 4 =S• ell Hats been till
;etely 'ree e•rl t'requeteeii, reel earieutatey eedee
ee wee exeeetien, one tie tie mite fei•tile and in.'s"
productive parre of roat vast Continent. The ini-luntains,
or (eolith-tee, abound with mines of gold, silver, platisa,
iron. copper, tin, lee!, and other yell:able metals, which
retptee k.he entererising lined ,d Etirep ans to ex
p.ere. t rinaer item- of tie, most profitable speculations
in a commercial point of view. Its plains and verdant
valleys pi, fetrn and every description of grain, and
fruits in abuHda,ce; and in the southern districts are
inexhaustible forests of most useful trees, for building,
&c. The breeding of h.irned castle, horses, and sheep is
at present the principal resource of its hard-working and
industrious peasantry; but the introduction of European
machinery is wanting to reap the golden harvest now
hidden and lost.
It is worthy of remark, that notwithstanding the in-
testine civil wars which have raged for years throughout
the whole of South America, Mexico, and Buenos
Ayres, the republic of Chili has been in a state of the
most happy tranquillity for the last fifteen years,
governed by prudent and unambitious patriots, supported
by a peaceful and industrious population, and is, per-
haps, the only one of the republics that has kept its faith
to the merchants of this country, by duly honouring the
loans she has contracted, and which has kept up her
credit in the money-market or stock exchange.
We are happy to learn that the Government of that
country have commissioned one of their first engineers,
and Director-general or Public Works,Don
a most scientific officer, to examine the different improve-
ments in public roads, machinery, hydraulics, mining,
manufactures, &c., that have taken place of late years in
Europe, so as to make a full report thereon, to enable his
Governmeet to ad. lit those that will be meet advantageous
and beneficial to tie,' country. To carry this greed pro-
ject into effect, Senor Hilario Pulini has lately visited
the different iron foundries and mwehirieries at Liver-
pool, Manchester, Birmingham, SeeffiAil, andi•he milling
districts, with the object of introducing machinery, rail-
roads, and other British inventions applicable to the re
sources offered by Cnili, and for the working of her rich
mines. One principal project is to establish a railway
from the port of Valparaiso, passing by the towns of
Guitlota, San Felipe
,tie Aconcagua, to Santiago. the
capital, a distance of 44 leagues, or 135 miles, which
will be pereirmed in five hours instead of twenty-
four to thirty hours by the usual conveyance;
thereby opening a quick communication between one of
the must flourishing seaports in the South Pacific and
the interior. To carry this grand project into effect the
above-named engineer has, by special order, made every
minute survey of a line for rails, of the different pints,
he., and he has fiund that there will be no difficulty in
accomplishing it, as one part of the line will be along the
seacoast, and the other folio wing the river De Aconca-
gua, thereby avoiding two mountains that were consi
tiered a fatal obstacle. The scientific knowledge and
perseverance of this engineer have now insured the ac-
complishment of this important undertaking. which will
be of the gr atest advantage to that. country. We are
informed that several resiteotable pas ties i•t Leiden said
Liver pool have made very advantage us Off:TS to form e
cereeeny to esti.) this Unpin teia project ;ate •-ffect, under
the euspieee of the Governmeet, te'deh will be happy to
render every assistaece towards its e ,mpletion try granting
ev, r. cencession. file Agricultural Society ef this Re-
public, sons- tune ego, forfued a •ebsertption to eeeshbeti
asociety tu.•!, r the :isle or Soci,ty Ifitiustry and Colo-
nisafeire" for the sole her part ; but, thee vv,-re net aide
to realise what they want' d fir this object ey the issuing
of sheres; ,(hale 4;IA', however, s• v. rat ilidivideal- in this
voawxy have efferee to advents, fends ar a moderate
interest.

file great dra,,:track to tile pros,,,erity tith influen-
tial R. public is, that the interior of ii, and its tepogra
p!tieui slid :statistical resources are nor. generally keown
ter the want of a correct map of that part or the State,
so as to bv awe to judge of the if
its aria the advantage, offered; and this neut.—
sity beteg thity more felt, it is t be hoped
tit that enlighteeed Government will have a general
surte) of the c :entry taken, on the return of this engi-
neer. As ne will neve to make various surveys for the
xtension of the roads and can ids, a map of the whole
country could be taken at a small expense, as the pro
perties are not much divided, and it is t,. be desired that
the railway company, when established, will appropriate
a small sum annually for the completion of this im-
portant undertaking. In doing which, a geological sur-
vey of its mineral riches might be made, as it abounds in
riches, which at present are in virgin ground that has
never been explored, and the interior of which is un-
known. Its agriculture is one of the most prosperous,
giving 40 to 60 per cent. Copper, flax, hides, gold, and
silver, are the staple commodities for exportation. Senor
Pulini has had no little trouble in compiling a series of
reports on the public buildings, prisons, hospitals, and
manufactories of this country, and particularising those
that will be most adapted to Chili, which have been the
result of the greatest labour. This Commission having
been confided to him, there is no doubt of great improve-
ments being made by his intelligent Government on his
return, and it is pleasing to fire: that they have such an
experienced officer in that part of the southern hemis-
phere to advance the prosperity of his country and its
inhabitants. He has communicated, since his stay in
England, some very important problems on different
subjects hitherto undisAolv,it in Europe, "no respecting
observations made by the barotneter, witiuh must be
four inches longer than in this conntry to he exact in
America, and rendering the needle of the compass cor-
reit in South America, which is not expressed in any
tables pub ished, as well as its inclination. In taking
level, no proper .ii.stinction has been made between the
true and the apparent, and the refraction of light, &c.,
which have hitherto been incomprehensible. These he
has been able to expound by remedying all these phe-
nomena, and raising his plans with the greatest correct-
ness, and no doubt his operations will be duly appre-
ciated by his Government on his return to Chili, so that
tie may give those informations for the welfare of his
country.

The progress of emigration in Chili has been most
extraordinary since that Republic has been firmly estab-
lished and had an uninterrupted peace for the last fifteen
years. Formerly the vessels only used to bring ten,
twenty. or thirty passengers p, r annum, but last year
there were no less than 500 emi,i-rants arrived from New
South Wales in tour ships, NII experienced English arti-
sans or ineehanic,, who immedt,ttelv obtained employ.
ment. The revenues ckt the Governru,nt since thnt
rriod h :ye more than clothier!, and its credit has ad-
vanced wi'h a most ex raordi,ary rapidity in Europe.
In Lon ion at pri,ent, tis bolds are at 105, which ..very
• itie are Hinctually paid. The liborty and Se-
-18 eta IS discreet in the strictest manner,
awlalth:lat.yi the relippov if the ~'tae` is Riiiirian Catholic.
1::•!• a ,iiifrent ei-e,,d are unmolested in their wor-
..

ship. Wl-I,:itt is at tour. in five shillings per cwt ; pota
toes rw) abil rigs ; &e. ;tt ,ce per lb.; poui-
t fi,ll. anal ev ry descripion of v• getnbles, ex-
tr. tn. •ty cheap. It is only n-c,.,snry to know the tn-un-
train--; o r • iiisocier its mineral riche*, which
re , ;114,1 are at set unexplortd, aiid
:.iny spi,iulutors c iuld easily obtain, at
Vol o; 3,000/. to 4.0001., 41 correct surviT of thin
ran "it f.zo!rl. silver, pla'ina,
ti_iw nuried in the earth, as ever*
wu r! i4iv,,tt by Government to work vie
I.l;ie Paiiific Steam Navigati -n Company at Val-
vitals() his proved an excel,. nt speculation, and two

more sto oners are iwiog ouilt in this country f'or that
Atauott, %nd when the railway i, eitahlished from tkat
port Santiago the advant:ig 's to English enterprise
for mining will be immense.

Mr. Lumley has returned from Paris, and has suc-
ceeded in enraging the thirty-six children who are now
astonishing tit- Parisians at the Academie Royale by
their ,xtra,rdinary dancing. Their graceful movements,
finished style, and classical grouping, cast all similar
efforts in tne shade. It is positively arranged that her
Mjesty's Theatre will comma ce its season with a ballet
written expressly for these Viennese wonders. Of the
troupe dunsatete, Lucile Grahn, Louise Weiss, and M.
Go.t.selin, the second ballet-master, have arrived. M.
Perrot is expected to day.. The rehearsals of the chorus
have commenced. New scenery is in a state of forward-
ties, and all gives token of busy preparation for the
approaching season. The direction of the " Teatro
della Cruce," at M•Ldrid, have offered large sums to
induce Mr. Lumley to rescind Moriani's engagement,
but which, we are glad to be able to add, have been at
once refused.

FOOT-BALL AT KINGSTON.—This old English
sport, which has from time immemorial been carried on
in the ancient town of Kingston. was this year exhibited
on Shrove Tuesday, with, if possible, increased spirit,
and not only need., the whole of the labouring classes,
but most of the principal tradesmen and several of the
,:entry o the n.-ighbourhood joined in the sport. The
hour fixed for the commencement or the game wa, eleven
o'clock, and shortly before that hour a baud of music, ac-
companied by a number of flags and banners, and fol-
lowed by the players, parade. the to n. :Ile ball, which
was handsotnely gilt, was carried before the procession,
which stopped in the merket-place, and, upon the
report of a pistol, the bull was kicked off by T.
Frecker, Esq., the oldest inhabitant, and the players
having divided themselves into two bodies, Thames-
srreet and Town's end, the game commenced, amid loud
huzzas. Both parties exerted themselves to the utmost,
arid numerous kicks, bumps, thumps, and falls, were re-
cetved by the players, some of whom also had the ad-
vantage of being ducked in the creek, in their struggle
to get possession of the ball. The game continued until
five o'clock, and the party in whose possession the ball
remains when the clock strikes is considered the victor.
On this occasion the honour was awarded to Thames
street. The band then paraded the town again, after
which those of the labouring classes who had joined in
the game received refreshment tickets, which were pro-
vided by subscriptions of the gentry. The town of King-
ston, on these occasions, presents a very singular ap-
pearance, all the shops being closed, and the windows
barricaded. In fact, it is a complete holiday, and "foot
ball day" is quite an event in King-ten.
THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL.--Letters were received
at the residence of Sir W. Follett, in Park- street, on Saturday
morning, stating that the Learned Attorney-General, Lade
Follett, and family, intended to sail from Naples on the 28th
of last month, and that they might be expected to arrive in
Eneland the beginning of next week. We are happy to
hear that these accounts also state that this distinguished
advocate has derived the greatest benefit from his tour, and
lei now in the enjoyment of !,-:oA hoAlth.
DANGEROUS TEICI;S ON flAiLlvA.--
were on Monday committed for trial for placing some bars across
the railroad, near the Tiverton station, which were driven a by
the eellineowSkrignifanina
J