The Sun.
London, England, 1829-10-23 00:00:00

FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

FRENCH PAPERS.
(Flom the Messager des Chambres.)
His Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Meck-
lenburg Schwerin has convoked a General Assembly
•of the States, at Stern:berg, for the 10th of Novem-
ber next. The subjects which are to be brought
under deliberation are—
I. The ordinary tax of the country. 2. The
wants of the general commission of receipts. 3.
rt.P definitive fixation of the country, and the rights
of nattiTalization ; paving attention, at the same
time, to th means of diminishing poverty. 4. The
introduction an amelioration of mortgage registers.
5. The revision of she regulations relative to recruits.
The Semaphore of ,Marseilles contains the fol-

lowing :
" Commercial expeditions for the Levant, pre-
pared in England.
" The Minister of State, President of the Bureau
of Commerce and the Colonies, announced to the
Chamber of Commerce, under the date of the 7th
of this month, that he is informed the armistice con-
cluded between the Russian and Turkish armies had
given a singular activity in England to the opera-
tions of the commerce destined for the Levant, the
speculators supposing that the interruption of the
c-z:stomary communications with Europe exhausted
all th, Turkish warehouses at the commencement of
the war. Thus, says Count Bengnot, they eagerly
seek for all artlt:!es which form part of the comm.-are
of the Levant, and 4,:epare different cargoes, which
will soon be shipped ant: sent off-
" The President of the 17,7eau of Commerce does
not doubt but that the same rt.:isiderations must
have struck the merchants of Marse;:!es, formerly
renowned for its success in the commerce of the
East. At all events, he has thought it necessary
to inform the Chamber of the immense activity ma-
nifested in this respect in England, in order that the
merchants of our city, which is nearer to Turkey,
may adopt means to be before-hand wid the Eng-
lish merchants in provisioning that country.'
The works of the new e.a.i.t.q of the Chamber of
Deputies are proceeding with aaivity. The plan
for the tribune is to be changed, and in,f4eAll of being
before the bureau it be at the other .?:11. pf the
room, opposite; so that M.Courvoisier, if it se-, ha,p,
pen that he should aaeend it, will have the pleasure
of finding himself opposite to his old friend on the
centre left, M. IL Collard.

The following is copied .fmm the Journal du
' jravre of the 17th October The tide, which on
476\ Wednesday, last rose above the lower part of our
quays, rettc4el2 two days after, at Rouen, a still more
-considerableAeiflht : its elevation, indeed, was so

,

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LONDON,
[FRIDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 23, 1829.

The French Papers of Wednesday have been
received this morning by express, but their con-
tents are not important. The Augsburg Gazette
says that it received the Treaty of Peace between
R ussia and Turkey, but makes no mention
whatever of the additional Treaties. We pre-
sume these will only be published when their
objects have been accomplished. Moderation is
the word with Russia, but aggression the act :
(From the Messager des Chambres of Wednesday.)
SECOND EDITION.

PARIS, OCT. 21.

The Avgsbury Gazette of the 16th says, " We have
received by express the Treaty of Peace between Russia
and Turkey in the original language, which is inserted in
an Extraordinary Supplement ro-day.—(This Supplement
has not been received at Paris. )—Accounts from Egina in
the Austrian Observer say, that the President of Greece
arrived on the sth of Sept. on board the Hellas frigate at
Egina, coming from Pores, and was received with the
usual honours. A monk who arrived at Egina on the 6th
of Sept. from the Monastery of Jerusalem, near Daubs, at
the foot of Parnassus, which he left on the 28th of August,
brought word that 4,000 Albanians had penetrated
through the defiles of Mount Oeta into the Plains
of Turko-Chori, Livadia, and Tanandi. They had with
them 3,000 beasts of burden laden with biscuits and pro-
visions. Karat isso had left his position at Budouitza
some days before. The Turks halted hero for two days,
in order to assure themselves there was no ambuscade in
the difficult mountain passes of Fontana and Vassilico.
The inhabitants of those parts have fled into the moun-
tains, abandoning their crops to the enemy. Demetrius
Ypsilanti, with about 3,000 men, occupies Petra, the
village of Steveniko, and some other strong positions of
Mount Helicon, and also the roads on the southern de-
clivity of Parnassus, which lead to Delki and Salona.
It was thought that Karatasso was posted at Ambliani.
We have received by the Alcide, which has arrived at
Havre, news from Bourbon of the 25th of July. The
Nievre and Chevaette corvettes had touched at St. Denis
only to take in water, and then proceeded with the troops
they had on board to join the Terpsichore and Indefatiyble
frigates and the Madegasear corvette, which had before
sailed fur Madagascar. The object of this division, it is
said, was to expel the Malgaches who had just taken pos-
session of our establishments in that island. The troops
were to land at Fort Dauphin and St. Mary. The Queen
Mother, who now governs Madagascar, has conceived such
a hatred of every thing French, that she resolved no
longer to tolerate our flag on her territory. Her troops,
which are now disciplined in the European fashion, might
perhaps oppose with advantage the intended invasion, but
they seem to propose to leave it to the pernicious influence
of the climate to rid them of the French regiments.
Every day our settlements in India decline. We cannot
maintain our ground there except humbled, or fugitives.
'Would it be believed, for instance, that in Chandernagor
there is not a single piece of cannon mounted on its
carriage ?
FRENCH FUNDS.---PARIS, OCT. 21.—Five per Cents.,
108 f. 30c. 35c. 30c. ; Four and a Half per Cents., 103 f.
25c. ; Three per Cents., 82f. 55c. 60c. 55c. 50c. ; Bank
Actions, 1881 f. 25e. 1862 f. 50e. ; Rentes de Naples,
89f. 60c. 50c. 40c. 45e. ; Royal Spanish Loan, 78iii
77i 78 ; Rente Perp. d'Espagne, 54ffiaii ; Haytian
Loan, 347 f. 50c. Exchange on London—One month,
25f. tise.; Three months, 25f. 50c.

(From the Allyeineine Zeitung of Oct. 17.)
Meta Lives 1.621-.—Bank Shares, 1225.

St. Peterfiburgh Papers have been received to
the Bth October, but they do not yet give the
Treaty of Peace : they contain a numerous list
o promotions.

The Journal qf the Two Sicilies, of the 29th
September, contains a decree highly honourable
to the character of his Neapolitan MAJEsTy,
who hats in,:tituted an order of Knighthood to
stimulate the zeal au4 ingenuity of his subjects
in the various civil functions, 41,11 d to encourage
the cultivation of the Sciences, the Fiat; Arts,
Manufactures, Agt,:ct:lture, and Commerce, on
the prosperity of which his MAJESTY truly says,
the kingdom depends :
NAPLES, SEPT. 19.
His Majesty has been pleased to issue a Decree to the
following effect :
, It being one of our principal cares to excite by all means
in our power the zeal of our subjects in the exercise. tile
arious civil functions confided to them by us, and as we
eigsl42 sityays to encourage the cultivation of the sciences,
the fine azis, and the several branches of manufactures,
agriculture, and c.c.--1,47.,5eciy., on the prosperity of which that
of the kingdom depends Ak4sidering that marks of dis-,
and honour are the moat ye i rf,cl stimulus to
virti..ovs and laudable actions,
By the savice of our Council of State, we have rum:Alyea
to sanction the piezept law.
\%e institute in our ic.izg!,lom of the Two Sicilies an
Order of Knighthood, exclusively as a recompense for
civil merit, which shall be called " The Royal Order of
Francis I."
To give this new Order greater lustre the reigning Soya-
reign is to be at sll times the head and Grand Master; it

will consist of five classes, viz., Grand Crosses, Com-
manders, Knights, Gold medals,'Silver medals.
The remainder of the articles (i❑ all 32) contain the
Statutes and Regulations. A lung list of nominations ni
the Naval Classes is annexed.

Dutch and German Papers have been re-
ceived, but they do not contain any news of par-
ticular interest. fhe following are extracts :

THE HAGUE, OCT. 17.

Last week a great number of cannon and mortars with
their carriages were brought to Ghent, which are intended
for the armament of the fortress of Oudenarde. Must of
them were cast at Liege in 1828.
The well-known French writer, M. Fontan, has arrived
in the territory of Hanover.

Ocr. 20.—1 n the sitting of the Second Chamber to-
day, Committees were appointed to examine the qualifica-
tions of the new 'Members, which being found satisfactory,
they were all admitted to take their seats, with the excep-
tion of M. Brugmans, whose admissibility the Committee
judged to be doubtful, because he is a member of the per-
manent Committee of the Syndicate of the Sinking Fund.
The Chamber afterwards proceeded to choose those Mem-
bers from whom the King is to select the President t.f the
Chamber for the present Session. The choice fell on Mr.
Corver Hooft, Mr. G. G. Cliffort, and Mr. Reyphins.
AMSTERDAM, OCT. 20.--Exchange on London, 12f.
to 12f. 20c. ; two months, 12f. to 12f. 15c.

ODESSA, SEPT. 30.
The Journal of Odessa, of the clove date, announces
that, in consequence of contrary winds, no ships had ar-
rived for some days, either from Constantinople or the con.
quered Turkish ports. However, the Governor-General
of New Russia and Bessarabia had, by the Emperor's or-
ders, allowed the exportation of all articles from the ports
of the Black Sea and the Sea of Azoff, which had been
prohibited during the war. Among the troops of the sa-
nitary cordon there had occurred two deaths and suspi-
cious cases, against the possible consequence of which the
most prompt and decisive measures had been taken.

Our Paris Correspondent is more partial to
the views of Russia than we can subscribe to.
He sees no danger in the extension of territory
by a power already possessing more than it can
wield with effect. This might be just abstract-
edly considered, but it does not hold good with
respect to Russia ia her peculiar situation. Were
Russia to extend her frontiers ten thousand miles
into such wilds as Siberia, the acquisition of ter-
ritory would only serve to weaken her strength,
because the regions of snow would yield no
return ; but the case is far different by terri-
torial aggrandizement in the South. There
she not only consolidates her power, but
causes that power to be felt by rival nations in a
manner unknown before. The southern pro-
vinces
of Russia have hitherto been to her a
source of loss rather than profit, for want of
that very power which she has now acquired.
This is the secret of her strength. Extension of
boundary, in any other direction, would add
nothing to her strength, because it would de-
tract from her moral power; but on the side
of Turkey the reverse is the fact. The free
passage of the Dardanelles unlocks that
dungeon in which the mighty energies of
Russian enterprise have hitherto slept. A
new world is opened to her ambition, and
Russia thereby becomes at once a naval power
in the North and the South of Europe. It is
therefore obvious that extension of boundary
towards the South was the only thing wanting to
give vitality to the dormant mass of terri-
tory in her Southern provinces, and the
opening of the Dardanelles is the key-stone
of that ambitious arch, which Russia has
been constructing for the last century, and
without which her labours would have been ren-
dered useless. The mighty work is now achieved,
and Europe will soon see the consequences. Our
Correspondent very justly says, " that nothing
is more obvious than that mere extension of ter-
ritory is not necessarily accompanied by the capa-
bility of aggression ;" but here the matter is dif-
ferent. Without access into the Mediterranean
Russia could not affect our commerce, but now she
can not only affect our commerce, but compel
us to keep a stronger fleet in the Mediterranean,
if we wish to maintain our naval superiority
there. Shut out from the :Mediterranean
the power of • Russia was a mere
shadow—it is now a substance fraught with ac-
tive apprehension, and the disposition to be ag-
gressive because it may. The following are the
letters of our Correspondent :

PARIS, OCT. 20.

It has often been observed, that the public press
of a country affords a fair indication not merely of
the manners and habits of the people, but of the
general tendency of the national character, and if
this be true of any country, I consider it to be emi-
nently so of France. Ad astra tollere vultus is the
habitual aspiration of every true Frenchman with
reference to natiosial:prosperity, in whatever language
he may arrange his thoughts. Through all the fitful
changes of the last half century the same sentiment
has predominated;—varying, indeed, in form, but
identical in substance. Whether the national great-
ness was to be represented by the sceptre of the
Grand Monarque, by the revolutionary terrors of
the Great Nation, or by the conquests of the impe-
rial arms, the universal feeling has always been
pointed to national distinction, if not to territorial
aggrandizement. The liberal press of France, which
is raid by some to controul, but which I would
rather say represents, the general feeling of the
people, is at this moment Ns artnly engaged in foster-
ing the spirit of aggrandizement ; and I am per-
suaded that the greatest and most serious objection
to the present ministry, in the eyes of the press and
the people, is the comparative moderation and rea-
sonableness of their views on g subject on which the
the nation at large is so extremely sensitive,
The Premier, personally, they could pardon for
his royalist prepossessions, in consideration of the
tie; ,-,•,f consanguinity which are believed to subsist
between thy. reigningreigning Monarch and his favourite
minister. As regards the other members of the
cabinet, they too might expiate their sins against
,the charter, from a belief in their inability to overturn .the pri,vileges which have been guaranteed by
the law of elections and the liberty of the press, pro-
vided only they would manifest a sufficient degree of
‘,4et4 in gratifying that morbid sentiment with which
the people go co deeply imbued, and which they
distinguish by th.e 44,-Pe Pf " glory."
The objections to the recp-,t trey between RUS,
sift and Turkey at this side of the Channel, seem 411
to resolve into this narrow and, I roust also say, this
unprincipled view of the subject. It is admitted
,cat France is not to suffer any substantial disadvan-
tage '4' tiw- :i,eir.:3l of the treaty, as they have now
transpired, but siich is Op ;a7
eteratejealousy of the
power and ascendancy of titgland ia th-_; general
affairs of Europe, that they would 'be Content to
sulic;r a considerable disadvantage, provided only
that their eternal rivals, as they are ' pleased to call

us, were subjected to a greater; because they say
that they could not be better compensated than by
the degradation of
.Great Britain. This I humbly
conceive to be a very narrow view of the subject,
and to be founded in bad policy and bad logic. But
what is utterly disgraceful in principle, and seems

to set a sad stain on the national morals, is the use
which the liberal party would have the ministry to
make of the present posture of affairs in the East of
Europe. They say, that under present circum-
stances the Government of Russia would find it for
their interest to wink at an extension of the French
territory, in consideration of a corresponding cour-
tesy on the part of France towards Russia. They
contend that Russia has nothing to lose by France
becoming great and powerful; and that by this pur-
chase of mutual neutrality, neither party would be
put to any expence, but that England in effect would
have every thing to pay. The liberals now exclaim
that they must have a national ministry ; but while
I fear that the nation itself is not impressed with a
due sense of its own interest, I continue to be per-
suaded, as I have all along expressed to you, that
the force of public opinion is so strong against the
present cabinet as to make its fall very nearly inevitable.
I come to this conclusion, because the constitutional
party, besides being far more numerous than the
royalists and their adherents, are also much better
o►ganized, and, in every sense of the word, more
able tacticians. It was, I conceive, the very worst
of policy to take such violent measures against the
association in Brittany for organizing a systematic
opposition to the levy of taxes unauthorized by law.
This, indeed, is now tacitly acknowledged by the
abandonment of the proceedings too hastily adopted
against the Journals which gave publicity to the re-
solutions of the association ; and the ►mpolicy of
these proceedings has now become apparent from
the new associat ions, and the new systems of agita-
tion to which they have obviously given rise. It
was, in fact, a species of persecution ; and it is well
known that to persecute even an erroneous opinion
is the surest mode of giving it firmness and stability.
The abandonment of the judicial proceedings has af-
forded, besides, a demonstration of the weakness of
the party by whom they were instituted, and has ex-
posed them to what they can least of all afford, the
mockery and contempt of their antagonists.
I believe it is now ascertained that these associa-

tions are not amenable to any existing law, and ►t is
pretty' certain that as the Chambers are at present
constituted, no new law will be enacted for their
suppression. It would be said, with some show of
reason, that as associations already exist in France
for mutual insurance against the dangers to be ap-
prehended from fire, inundation, piracy, and death
itself, why should they not also be permitted against
ministerial extortion ?

An incidental cause of fresh jealousy against Eng-
land has just arisen in the activity which is understood
to exist in the ports of Great Britain, for the purpose
of taking advantage of the exhausted state of the
stocks of goods in the Turkish warehouses in the
Levant, in consequence of the interruption which
has existed during the %var to their habits of com-
mercial intercourse with Europe. From the compa-
rative proximity of ➢'larseilles, and the advantages
afforded by a speedy communication between the
French shores of the Mediterranean and the Levant,

it is thought that the merchants and artizans of
France should at least, in this department of com-
merce, take a decided precedence over those of Eng-
land ; but a lurking consciousness that the superior
enterprise and activity of their insular rivals will
counterbalance the disadvantage of local situation,
excites, as I have said, only fresh symptoms of that
restless jealousy which forms so striking a feature in
the French character.

" Although I have not been able to concur in the
view which has been taken of the late treaty by
The Sun, I cannot help congratulating myself on be-
longing to a country where a subject of such vast
importance has been treated by the great political
journals, in a manner so very different from what I
have had occasion to allude to as the voice of the
Liberals of France. The discussion has in general
been conducted in a manner equally creditable to
the public morals and the public intelligence of the
country. But why, after all, should we insist that
Russia has been too rigorous in her demands on her
prostrate foe ? Is not all the world to share with
her in the free passage of the Dardanelles ? and
what evidence is there of an atttempt to grasp at an
extension of territory ? Is it not more reasonable
to suppose that Russia takes a just and rational view
of her own interests ? that she finds that her terri-

tory is already sufficiently extensive for every true
national purpose ? and that her substantial interests,
her power, and her strength would be better pro-
moted by facilitating the means of internal inter-
course, and by giving a free scope to the activity
and exertions of her people ? And are not these
objects kept strictly in view throughout every clause
of the treaty of Adrianople ? By opening the Black
Sea to the unrestricted commerce of Russia, the
Don, \Volga, and the Dnieper will be called into a
new existence, and without the vexatious interrup-
tions which have hitherto been presented by the re-
gulations imposed by Turkey, they will afford the
means of transit for the trade of the most remote
provinces of the empire. That alone I conceive to
be a sufficient compensation to Russia for the whole
of her exertions in the war which has just been con-
cluded ; and as I have not been able to see in this
treaty any symptoms inconsistent with the modera-
tion so uniformly professed by the Emperor Nicho-
las, and with what appears to me to be a just view
of his own interests, I must still, with great defer-
ence, dissent from the views which you, in common
with some of the ablest of your contemporaries, have
adopted on this subject.
PARIS, OCT. 21.

You have no doubt observed that the Quoti-
dienne has hitherto manifested a more than unusual
degree of caution in expressing its opinion on the
subject of the late Treaty. At length, however, it
has spoken out ; and, assuming it to be in some de-
gree the organ of the French Ministry, I take it for
granted that the approbation of the Quotidienne
must be regarded as the echo of a similar sentiment
on the part of the French Government; and if, as
every thing seems to warrant us in believing, there
be still a perfect understanding between the French
and English Governments on the subject of Eu-
ropean politics, it may, I apprehend, be also in-
ferred that the present Treaty is not likely to be at-
tended with any further disturbance of the peace of
the world. And, with all the attention which I
have yet been able to bestow on the discussions on
this subject, which have an opposite tendency, I am
still at a loss to see any cause for serious apprehen-
sion on the subject. If the balance of power, of
which we have heard so much in this discussion,
means any thing at all, it is not the extent of terri-
tory of any particular State, but its capability of
committing any acts of aggression on its neighbours,
which ought to be deprecated. But there is nothing
more obvious than that a mere extension of territory
is not necessarily accompanied by this capability of
aggression. On the contrary, an accession of terri-
tory, beyond what is necessary for self-defence, is
more frequently a source of weakness than of
strength ; and I am persuaded that, at this moment,
the Statesmen of Russia are thoroughly convinced
that their predecessors have carried this passion for
territorial aggrandizement much beyond the limits
which were necessary for the real strength of the
Empire ; and that even the fertile fields of Poland
have not added in any degree either .to their powers
o aggression, or to their means of defence; requir-
ing, to their Polish subjects will long require, the
presence of a powerful army to enforce their tran-
quillity and reconcile them .to the dominion cf the
C'sars,

I anf not sufficiently read in the modern doe,
trines of international law, to be able to tell how far
one or more States are entitled to dictate to another
in the prohibition cf further accessions to its terri-
tory or its power—for these terms appear to me to
have hitherto been erroneoudy regarded as synoni-
inOits or conyertiole7---but I apprehend that Russia
has at length the 'wildotp to see that her territory is

sufficiently extensive, and even more than sufficient,
for every desirable purpose; and so long as she con-
tinues to strengthen herself, by facilitating the
means of internal communication, arid encouraging
her people in the arts of peace, I hold it to be clear
that she will in effect become stronger at home, and
more an object of apprehension to her neighbours,
than if all the dominions of the Porte were added
to her empire. This, however, is a source of dan-
ger for which I presume there is no provision in the
international code to which I have alluded, so that
we must content ourselves to follow the example
which is set us, and to make ourselves strong also
by similar means, which would surely be more con-
sistent with good policy as well as with good morals,
than the unprincipled suggestions of the French
Liberals, to which I alluded in my letter of yesterday.
The Portuguese emigrants in France, about
three or four hundred in number, have, it appears,
received orders from the Ministry to quit the king-
dom forthwith. Many of them had settled in Brit-
tany, and had, with their families, engaged in com-
mercial pursuits. Such of them as resided at Laval
and Mayence have already been marched in small
detachments to St. Maio; from whence it is said
that their ulterior destination is England, Belgium,
or the Brazils, according as their means or their ne-
cessities may direct. No defence of so harsh a
measure has yet been attempted by the Ministerial
Press; but us every thing in this country is liable
to extreme exaggeration, I cannot even in the ab-
sence of contradiction give any credit to the state-
ment in the Journal des Debats, that some of these
wretched refugees were induced to embark on board
vessels which were immediately sent to the mouth of
the Tagus, or to some other point, where they were
destined to fall into the remorseless hands of the
Usurper.
The King of Naples travels, it seems, through
the French territory with all the insignia of Royalty;
and in passing through the principal towns the same
honours are paid to him as would have been paid
in a Royal progress by Charles the Tenth himself,
with the exception only of the omission to present
the keys of the different towns to the Royal Visitor.
A new Association has been formed in Lorraine
for mutual protection against the levy of taxes tin.
authorized by law, on the same principle with those
of Paris and Brittany.

Lisbon Gazettes, from the sth to the 10th
of Octo►,er inclusive, have been received, but
contain no news whatever. Indeed, we could
not expect that Don MIGUEL would be the first
to announce the present dilemma into which his
measures have plunged the country.

We were on the point of drawing attention to
the " corrupt practices" still carried on in the
coal trade, but for want of room we must desist.
We regret this the less, however, as our readers
will find some observations on the subject by
our cotemporary, the Chronicle, under the
usual head.

It appears by the proceedings of the Court of
Common Council yesterday, that the long dis-
cussed question of the office of Secondary has
been at length set at rest. The report of the Com-
mittee recommended the appointment of a Secon-
dary during the pleasure of the Court, and after-
wards that that officer should be annually elected,
which was agreed to by the Court, and orders
given to prepare a bill for that purpose, as well
as regulating the duties of the office. This is
very proper, for it is disgraceful that places of
such trust and importance should be sold, like
beasts in Smithfield, to the highest bidder.—
Hitherto the duties of Secondary were very nu-
merous—and the importance of the office may
be inferred from the following list :—With the
Secondary it rests to accept or reject bail at his
own discretion, without assigning any reason for
so doing ; to preside as Judge at all writs of
inquiry ; to assess damages directed to the She.
riffs of London ; to summon all juries in the
city ; to attend the trial of all prisoners at the
Old Bailey, and the Common Council when-
ever assembled, &c.

This office was filled up yesterday by the elec-
tion of Mr. JOHN JAMES. The vacant office
of Coroner was also filled up by the election of
Mr. 'WILLIAM PAYNE.

LAW NOTICES.

COURT OF K
LONDON SPECIAL JURIES A
Watts v Lawson
Baker v Watford

.NG'S BENCH.
'POINTED FOR TO-MORROW.
Hall and others v West
The same v Connop and

Lebo v Dyer another
Mitchell and others v Baring Wilkinson v Howell.
and others