The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-04 00:00:00

Mtie

LONDON :
TUESDAY MORNING. OCTOBER 4, 1842.

The more we consider Lord ASHBURTON'S
correspondence with Mr. WEBSTER, the more
reason we find to praise his frank and manly
proceeding. During his Parliamentary career,
Lord ASHBURTON was so remarkable, and par-
ticularly of late years, for using what are called
sec-saw arguments, that it was commonly said
of his speeches that one part answered the other.
The Noble Lord refined and qualified so much
that he left his hearers in doubt whether he had
ever formed a decided opinion. Knowing that
pr6sumed infirmity of the Noble Lord's mind,
we certainly did him, when he was appointed
Ambassador to the United States, the injustice
of describing him as an unfit person to under-
take so important a mission. We now acknow-
ledge our error in answer to both opponents and
friends, and feel much less reluctance to do that
than regret at having fallen into it.
No journalist in the empire. has been more
agreeably disappointed by the Noble Lord's
frank and decisive mode of proceeding than we
have. He seems to have carried on his nego_
. tiations with the spirit of an enlightened
merchant, who knows to the fraction of a
farthing what the thing is worth which he wants
to buy—who states at once what he will give for
it, and who cannot be overreached. His second
letter to Mr. WEBSTER, published in The Sun,
seems to us to form quite an epoch in diplomatic
proceedings. It goes straight to the object in
view, and states clearly what he is prepared to
concede and what to refuse.

After noticing the supposed disadvantage of
speaking first, which he nevertheless readily
does=after a just allusion to "an earnest desire,
which has distinguished his political life, to-
maintain peace and promote harmony between
the two countries"—after appealing to Mr.
WEBSTER to bear testimony that, in their in-
formal communication, he had rejected "those
devices and manoeuvres which are supposed
ignorantly to he the useful tools of ordinary
diplomacy"—after explicitly stating that they
were to avoid comtroversy, agreeably to which
" he had not communicated to ivr. WEBSTER an
additional volume of controversial matte:: he had
been supplied with"—after thus throwing aside
all the tons of verbiage which have been spoken
and printed to support the claim of each country
to its own line, the Noble Lord comes -to what
alone can be the mode of settling the dispute, that
Li fact a new line is to be traced between the State
of Maine and the Province of New Brunswick."
That-is his short and off-hand way of getting rid
of all the diplomatic notes, and protocols of
meetings, under which the interest of the two
iiationg had been buried. Probably this rejec-
tion of ten years' eloquent and enlightened dis-
eussions, including, moreover, the notes of Mr.
fr,;Axmixo, the master of the late Minister for
...o:•eign-Affairs,.may give us a clue to the anger
ciobe and the Morning Chronicle.
d the new negotiator, in the frankness
and simplicity of his good sense, cast aside all
rubbish of his predecessors; and, if he offended
cue of them, he succeeded—which we are now
' persuaded Lord PALMERSTON never would have
flone—in ensuring peace to the two countries.

The principle on which the Noble Lord pro-
deeded was one wl►ich we have already praised.
lie recommends that they should " keep in
mind the intentions of the framers of the first

treaty' Of peace
,in . 1783, as expressed in The
preamble to the provisional article, in the fol-
loWl WOrrh; Whereas reciprocal advantage
and mutual convenience are round, by experience,
to tlirm the only foundation of peace and friend-
ship between States.' " The Noble Lord, looking
to the peace and. friendship of the two countries,
seekiw their reciprocal advantage and mutual
convenience, and knowing that to revive dis-
putes about the old lines would make
them lose sight of these principles, pro-
•ceeds at once to trace a new line. Without
the advantage of having seen these statements,
but guided only by commonsense, we did, on the
21st. ult., treat the attempt of the Chronicle to
keep alive the discussion of the old lines as mere
drivelling when a new line, convenient to both
matiori%,had been adopted. We are pleased to
-find Out views confirmed by the words of the
treaty of 1783, and by Lord ASIIRURTON'S conduct.

The Noble Lord then proceeded to lay down
the new line on these principles, and to state
the stipulations he would agree to, and
explicitly
the concessions he would make, including the
navicAtion of the' ,St. John's, in conjunction with

t settlement of the boundary. And from the
plan lie then sketched out, we cannot see that he
tfterwards consented to make one important de-
viation, except giving up the Madawaska set-
tlement on the south side of the St. John's. He
•lefended the right of the settlers very ably, but he
was compelled in the long run to yield to themore
stringent reasons, which suggested the propriety of
establishing the river as the boundary between
the two States. Regretting that a loyal people,
however small in numbers, should- be separated
from a Government to which they are attached,
we must admit that the arguments against Eng-
land retaining a strip of territory on the Ameri-
can side of the river were insurmountable, and
Lord ASHBURTON could not avoid giving up the
Madawaska settlers. If, when all their rights of
property were ensured to them, we must call
theirs a sacrifice—we must add that it was such
a sacrifice as States ever make of their subjects in
wars, to secure a general advantage.
With great tact and great gentleness did Lord
ASHBURTON pursue this negotiation, at one time
seriously eridangered, to a close. Mr. WEBSTER,
from having, we presume, been longer engaged
with the subject than the Noble Lord, could not
- throw aside so completely as Lord ASHBURTON
did the rubbish of former discussions, and some-
times, in conjunction with the Commissioners
from Maine, he insisted too much on the
old claims, and forgot that they were
to establish, "by compromise," a " new
line," which should be " mutually and
reciprocally advantageous." Finally, as we
already know, Lord ASHBURTON'S desire of
settling, " on amicable and equitable terms," a
controversy " which the authorities of the two
countries had tried in vain for half a century to
effect," overcame all obstacles, and he concluded
a treaty which seems to us calculated to give to
both countries security and peace, without sacri-
ficing one tittle of the honour of either.

We see with satisfaction that the condition of
the working classes continues to claim the first
place in the consideration of the most intel-

ligent journals.
" It is not sufficient," says the Westminster Review,
" to have suppressed the disturbances, we must investi-
gate their cause and prevent their recurrence." "The
late insurrections have shown that there can be no im-
punity for further negligence or delay. Let our rulers
lay its impressive warnings to heart, and be wise in
time. Let them manfully grapple with the great sub-
ject of popular wrongs and popular distress, without
wasting more years in party, warfare which has already
so alienated the people.'
The Times of yesterday, in an article, much of
which commands our assent, had the following
observations. We quote them for their own
weight and truthfulness, and the warning they
breathe, as well as for the assent we give them :
"Right or wrong, too, it has furnished some tolerable
test to those who can examine and judge, of the force,
combination, and energy with which a arge body of
these classes are now able to pursue an object on
which they have set their wills. It has shown a tre-
mendously extensive body, possessing—whether by
persuasion, or personal influence, or mere organiza-
tion, or well applied force, or fraud, or, which is most
formidable of all, by real and settled community of ob-
ject—a power of moving at their will an overwhelm-
ing portion of the manufacturing workmen of the
kingdom. And certainly. not the least threatening
characteristic of the movement is the degree to which
this body has fulfilled its own plans of a peaceful war-
fare. Not that it has actually abstained from vio-
lence : yet that violence has been controlled within
definite limits, and has been exercised with a delibera-
tion and purpose which distinguish it broadly from a
mere outbreak of temporary feeling—a riot of Mer-

thyr colliers or of Bristol bargemen."
" If there be any destined historian of the British
convulsions of the nineteenth century, he will distin-
guish them from all others as having been effected by
men without property, but who could read, write, and
understand each other—neither the senseless outbreak
of undirected masses, nor the orderly change of which
Nobles and Parliament are the guiding and balancing
principle—a movement of numbers against wealth and
rank, yet no Jacquerie or servile war ; deliberate and
progressive, yet owning no allegiance to the existing
order of things, appealing to no present or past con-
stitution, professing no reverence for the recognised
laws and distinctions of society—not the work of am-
bitious genius or blind despair, still less of sober pa-
triotism, but of an unsound and widely spread intelli-
gence—of a conscious power and fancied wisdom in
those who think they must gain by convulsion ; or-
ganized not so much at the bidding of one or two able
and influential speakers, as by a slow experimental
process, by partial trials of strength, and by constant
and general communication of ideas among large bo-
dies of tolerably acute and instructed men."
The Review gives, from the personal knowledge
of the writer, an example of the discipline and
order observed by the Turn-outs, whick we will

al-4) quote :
In one case, where a numerous party assembled at
the house, and marched through the garden and
grounds of a gentleman of large property, residing
near the seat of the disturbances, they promenaded in
correct procession, never strayed from the gravel
walks, never touched a single flower, or committed
the smallest injury ; and one of the leaders called the
attention of the gentleman to the regularity of their
march, and made him ob3erve that to each forty men
there was a captain or constable attached, whose duty
it was to preserve order among them, and whom they
were bound to obey." _

Our daily Contemporary, after dwelling so em-
phatically on our " Jacquerie, deliberate and
progressive," does not jump to the conclusion like
some other Tories, that half our towns must be
engulphed ; on the contrary, he quotes M. DE LA
MARTINE to show that the "world is becoming
mechanical," or manufacturing, and that we must
give a soul to manufactures, that is, take them as
a man takes a wife, and make the hest he can of
her. The conclusion our Contemporary draws is
that "we must change the men," and this is to
done "by plain, practical zeal, in subordinate
instruments, which will fix itself on the spot, and
devote itself to the work.", In other words, our
Contemporary relies on establishing zealous
priests in every small district, as a means
of correcting !and controlling that formidable
organization, " guided by intelligence and
moving at will an overwhelming portion of the
manufacturing population," which he has
brough t under notice. We will not reiterate
our own opinions, often expressed, that the
Church and the priesthood are utterly incom-
petentand inefficient to the great and necessary
end proposed; we will only say that if men in
authority can suggest no other and better means
than the priesthood to rule, govern, and guide
the multitude, there is much ground for future
alarm. If the priesthood had indeed preserved
and acted,on the true spirit of Christianity, the
which the one great idea is
religion of love—of
that of self-sacrifice—they might impart " that
siml to manufacturers" which they want, and
guard against that " hardness of heart to which
those nations are prone who make a God of
gold." eltl-'7ofortunatelv for the country, the
clergviVOn whom the Times relies to give a soul
of love to manufacturers, are as much poisoned
and corrupted by the love of gold as the most
avaricious manufacturers.

We stop the press to announce that Mr. J. Arthur,
bookseller, was arrested this afternoon, by a police-
officer from Manchester, on a charge of sedition, and
was taken off in a chaise in the custody of Kent, of
the Carlisle police establishment. It is understood
that the charge against Mr. Arthur is founded on the
part taken by him at one of the Chartist meetings in
Manchester, when he signed certain resolutions which
he described as "dangerous" in one of his letters ad-
dressed to the Chartist Association in this city, during
his sojourn in Manchester as the delegate from the
Chartists of Carlisle. The arrest was not known
until a few minutes before his departure.—From a
Second Edition of the Carlisle Journal.
INCOME- TA X.—SA LARY OF CURATES.—A clergy-
man, having the assistance of three curates, wrote to
the office of Stamps and Taxes requesting to know
whether in the returns to be made under the Pro-
perty-tax Act their salaries were to be deducted?'
The reply is as follows :—" In answer to your letter,
I am directed by the Board to state, that the salaries
of curates can only be admitted as a deduction in the
returns made under the Property Act, in those cases
in which curates are licensed by the Bishop at a fixed
stipend."—Birmingham Advertiser.
STRATIIBOG PRESBYTERY .—On Wednesday week,
hisal Grace the
tuhkee of
majorityßichmond
o f tl entertainede
i,rPresbytery
Princi-
pal do- -f
Strathbogie, Mr. Graham, of Aberfoyle, and others,
at dinner at Gordon Castle, in a style of true High-
land hospitality. His Grace has taken every oppor-
tunity, during his sojourn in the north, to pay the
most marked attention to the majority of the Presby-
tery of Strathbogie ; and all those who assisted at the
respective sacraments have, without exception, been
received and entertained at the castle. Not a single
member of the minority has been shown the least at-
tention by the Noble Duke.—Aberdeen Herald.

COURT CIRCULAR.
WINDson., moNDAy.—This morning the Queen and..
Prince Albert took their usual early walk in the Home:
Park and Slopes. Afterwards the Prince, attended:
by Lord Rivers,l4or-General Sir Edward Bowater,.
and the lion. Captain Duncombe went out shooting
in the Great Park. The keepers were in waiting at
Bear's rails. His Royal Highness shot splendidly, 24
brace of pheasants, 8 brace of partridges, 41 brace of
hares, and 2 couple of rabbits falling to his barrels.
His Royal Highness returned to the Castle to lunch.
In the afternoon .ber Majesty and her Illustrious
Consort rode out in a pony phaeton, his Royal High-
ness driving, followed by a pony carriage and four,
containing the Countess of Mount Edgecumbe, Hon.
Miss Stanley,. and the Hon. Miss Hamilton ; Lord
Rivers, the Hon. Captain Duncombe, and the two
Equerries in Waiting, were on horseback.
The Prince of Wales and the Princess Royal were
taken out twice to-day, accompanied by the Dowager

Lady Lvttelton.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, Lady
Charlotte I)undas, and Lieut.-Col. and Mrs Bouverie,
will join the Royal Dinner circle at the Castle this

evenin;

His Royal Highness Prince George of Cambridge
visited her Majesty the Queen Dowager yesterday at
Marlborough House.
His Excellency the Turkish Ambassador, and
General Sancho, the Spanish Minister, visited the
Earl of Aberdeen yesterday at the Foreign-office.
M. Hupedon transacted business on Saturday at
the office of the Board of Trade.
The Earl of Ripon left town yesterday for his seat
Nocton, Lincolnshire.

MAGAZINES_(CONCLU DED.)
SPORTING MAGAZINE.
There are two engravings in this Number—
one, a portrait of Grey Wiganthorpe, a cele-
brated stallion, of ancient and illustrious de-
scent—in fact, an aristocrat on four legs, instead
of two—•the property of Mr. Ferguson; and the
other, a view of Surley Hall—a picturesque spot
on the banks of the Thames, well known to all
Eton boys, and where we ourselves have passed
many a pleasant holiday hour. This last en-
graving is a very clever one, and the likeness is
accurate enough to strike at the first glance all
who are acquainted with the spot. The literary
contents are of the usual calibre.

SPORTING REVIEW.
The " Recollections of a Sportsman's Life" are
continued in this Number, and we have been
pleased with the spirit and cordiality of manner
they exhibit. The " French Turf, with a Notice
of French Coaching," is from the pen of Lord
William Lennox, who shows himself to be a
ready and a fluent writer. The remaining
articles are of average merit.

CHURCHMAN'S MONTHLY REVIEW.
The most useful article in the Number before
us, is one on the subject of " Mines and Col-
lieries," which is handled in a truly practical
spirit, and with a considerate regard to the rights
of humanity.

THE FAItMER'S MAGAZINEr
Agricultural subjects of all varieties are treated
of; and ably eassed in this Magazine. The more
abstruse papers are illustrated with appropriate
diagrams, and a strict eye appears to be kept
over the imtneiiate interests of everything con-
nected with agricultural pursuits.

THE BRITISH FARMER'S MAGAZINE.
The promotion of agriculture by the establish-
ment of societies professedly instituted to foster
and tend it, together with the liberal encourage-
ment afforded by them in the shape of prizes and
premiums, has greatly advanced the interest of
the science, which no Magazine better upholds
as its representative than the British Farmer's.
The late discoveries of Liebig have, of course,
afforded it additional field and scope for new
views and classes of experiments.

THE BRITISH MAGAZINE.
The state of the Romanist party in the times of
Edward and Elizabeth is noticed in continuation
in the present Number, and the struggles of the
Cameronians reviewed. The acts and devotion of
the Covenanters constitute one of the finest pages
of history, and furnish as high traits of aposto-
lic zeal and sufferance for religion as any sect on
record. The extracts from the anti-Papal preach •
ers of the time are curious. One inveighs in parti-
cular against a certain species of " Popish Night-
owl," who in the shape of schoolmaster, " un-
der pretence of teaching gentlemen's children the
Latin tongue, do secretly and privily nuzzle
them in the principles of Papistry."