The Sun.
London, England, 1842-11-25 00:00:00

NAVAL INTELLItiENCE.

PORTSMOUTH' Nov. 23.—Letters from the Incon-
stant, 36, Capt. Michell, contradict the report of that
ship being ordered home. She was at Malta on the
4th instant, preparing to proceed to the coast of Syria,
having taken on board four months provisions.
The Warspite, 50, Capt. Lord John Hay, may be
daily expected from Gibraltar, having on board the
late Governor, General Sir Alexander Woodford,
G.C.8., and suite.
The brigantine Arrow, by letters of the 25th Au-
gust, was in Simon's Bay, Cape of Good Hope, pre-
paring for sea, reported to proceed to England, via the
west coast of Africa. The Arrow has been relieved
on the South American station by the Philomel brig,
Commander Sullivan, destined for surveying the coast
near the Falkland Islands.
The troop-ship Crocodile, Mr. Elson, master, was
in Carlisle Bay, Barbadoes, on the Bth October, refit-
ting to proceed to Jamaica, en. route to England.
The Curacoa, 24, Capt. Jenkin Jones, has proceedpd
to Chatham to be paid off, having landed her treasure,
consisting of dollars and gold bars, and amounting to
1,800,000 dollars. Commanders Festing and Kenney
came passengers, also several invalid officers and sea-
men from the squadron. If found fit, she is to be re-
commissioned.
The Samarang, 26, has been commissioned for sur-
veying service in the Chinese waters, to be com-
manded by Captain Edmund Belcher, who lately
brought home the Sulphur from that quarter.
The St. Vincent, 120, is being stripped and other-
wise getting ready to receive the flag of the new Ad-
miral, Sir Charles Rowley, G.C.B.
The Victory, 104, harbour guard flag-ship of Rear-
Admiral Hyde Parker, C.B. has been removed to her
old moorings off Common Hard, from off Cold Har-
bour, Gosport.
The Resistance, 42, Commander Patey, is in the
harbour ready for service. Her ultimate destination is
Quebec,but she will, in the first instance, go to Malta
with a detachment of the 42d Regiment. She will
sail at the end of the week.
The brigantine Dolphin, late in command of Lieut.
expected who
f
rv‘:elAsßnt
tiss°icoastpanri
tb' will tset e dpoNti
ciCvuorhenei
Vincent,
cht3alem:t v
.13tnoas adis passage
teaBDogPrpoeyialt
Dolphin
rondffb67 f.
Royal
rai rgi Ilit
George,
Excellent, Resistance, Frolic, Samarang,- Nautilus
Echo, and flag tenders.—Brighton Gazette.

___,.UAKE AT
THE LATE EARTH
CAPE HAY TIEN.
The newspaper accounts of the earthquake were
but little, if any, exaggerated. There is literally not
a whole tenantable house left in the place; and of the
Q
9,000 or 12,000 inhabitants not less than three-fourths
are beneath the ruins. Here and there a room is
occupied in the old town, but most of the survivors
live in a little valley called the Passette, running pa-
rallel to the town, in huts having neither floors nor
windows, and most of them inferior to the worst out-
houses on our farms. Of sufferine., however, except
among the sick, there is little, as vegetable
chief absolute necessary of life, ood, the
cheap and abun-
dant; that is, it may be had f(L.• the gathering.
And of grief I saw none. The people appeared to
4
is
be as gay and cheerful as if no misfortune nad be-
fallen them. Ido not consider this indifference as
characteristic of the people. I believe it to be
generally the case where a calamity is universal.
Every man sees that his neighbour is as badly off
as himself. No eye is directed with especial sym-
pathy to him ; and he soon finds that wailing is
superfluous and " won't pay." And not only this,
gstianLling" keeps a but, in the excitement consequent to the breaking up
of all conventional arrangements, civil and domestic,
all external restraint is removed, and each man be-
comes as bad as he dares. Licentiousness has greatly
increased since the earthquake. Almost everybody
a
taffa, or other ardent
spirit
concu-
bine openly, who has not taken the trouble to remove
his wife from the ruins, and give her a decent burial.
ppea,read and many
drink
a largelyman "of of
Marriage, however, has never been a favourite cere-
mony on the island. Some two or three hundred
couples were married during the panic which succeeded
the earthquake ; but this is now over. Did you ever
remark that intense fear created intense thirst ?
Within a few minutes after the first shock, nearly all
the survivors were raging for water, and as all the
fountains in the place but one were buried, the strug-
gling over this was described to me as like that of
brutes in similar circumstances. Many remarkable
instances are related of tenacity of life in the buried
alive. I was told by an English merchant, one of the
most respectable men in the place, that a little girl
was taken out of the ruins alive nine days after the
earthquake. She was asked if she was hungry or
thirsty. She said no. If she was in any pain from
the bruise, &c. She said no—she felt very well. But she
died the next day. A young man who had been ab-
sent at Port-au-Prince returned seven days after the
earthquake. He inquired after the various members
of his family. Nobody had seen them. He went to
work among the ruins of his house, found his mother
and sister dead, but took his father out alive, and he
is living now. It will be many years before Cape
Haytien regains its former mercantile importance.
No movement has yet been made towards its renova-
tion. There is little money, no credit, and no store-
houses, consequently only a retail trade in the place
at present.—Nantucket Inquirer.

Se
felt ginally pro-
motedi Sir HenryHb
by
n Sirr cJ. t
Malcolmg e r having ,
ioiod:3ae,emn
oostrhi
par-
ticular pleasure in the opportunity afforded him of
sending his patron's son home with the account of our
recent success in China.
HONESTY !—Many men there are, who, for the
world, would not take a purse, yet who would steal
what is of far higher value and importance. An in-
stance has just reached us, where a firm of long stand-
ing, Messrs. Rowland and Sons, have acquired a high
reputation—a " good name, in short, for the value
of those articles which they have discovered and pre-
pared for the toilet. Learning the success which
Messrs. Rowland.; had achieved, and the reputations
which attached to their prod3ctions, other parties, by a
new and despicable species of fraud, have concocted
some trashy compounds, resembling those prepared by
Messrs. Rowlands, and by adopting the very same
names, and closely copying the advertisements, coolly
endeavour to pass off their trash as "true Macassar Oil."
" real Kalydor," &c., though a glance at the signature,
which is not that of Messrs. Rowlands, at once con-
vinces the purchaser that he is buying not the real
production, but a spurious and trashy imitation, which
may be, and in fact is, of the most pernicious nature.
We forbear mentioning the names of parties, in the
hope that the hint thus given will prevent a repetition
[ of practices so injurious mid unjust.

(From the Friend of China, Sept. 10.)
The following literal English versien of a procla-
mation in Chinese, issued by her Majssty's Pienipo-
tentiery on the sth of July, and also a circular to her
Majesty's subjects in China, under date the 24th of
July, are published for general information.
A. It. JOHNSTON, Deputy Superintendent,
Charged with the Government of Hong-Kong.
Government House, Hong-Kong, Sept. 9.
" Pottinger, her Britannic Majesty's Plenipotens
tiary, &c., makes this clear exposition for the infor-
mation of all the people of the country.
"Under the canopy of Heaven, and witlin the cir-
cumference of eai th, many are the different countries ;
of the multitude of these not one is there that is not
ruled by the supreme Heavenly Father, nor are there
any that are not brethren of one family. Being then of
one family, very plain is it that they should hold
friendly and brotherly intercourse together, and not
boast themselves one above another. But England,
coming from the utmost west, has held intercourse
with China, in this utmost east, for more than two
centuries past; and during this time the English have
suffered ill-treatment from the Chinese officers, who,
regarding themselves as powerful and us as weak, have
thus dared to commit injustice. The English, unwil-
ling to enter into contest with them, had borne such
treatment for many years, till, in the year 1839, the
Emperor of China, having determined to prohibit ef-
fectually the importation of opium, sent a special com-
missioner, Lin Tsesen, to conduct the arrangements for
that purpose ; and that officer, finding himself unable to
soiae _the actual. 'enders eaels nation, in place= of
consulting and concerting measures with the several
national officers residing in China (as it was his pro-
per duty to have done), had the audacity forcibly to
confine in Canton the English officer and people, at
the same time threatening them with death. His ob-
ject was, by extorting from • them what opium there
that year might he in China, to gain favour with his
Emperor; and the English officer at Canton, seeing
this position of things, commanded the English me:-
chants, in the name of their Sovereign, that they
should deliver up, for the ransom of themselves from
this position of extreme danger, whatever opium they
might have in the Chinese waters. Here is one great
offence committed by the Chinese officers against the
English.
" The Sovereign of Great Britain, in consequence
of this and numerous subsequent acts of injustice, ap-
pointed as her envoys, the Admiral Elliot, and Elliot,
the Superintendent at Canton, to whom jointly full
powers were given for the settlement of affairs with
China. And having in consideration the many past
acts of injustice of the Chinese officers, her Majesty
directed the Admiral to take command of a com-
bined naval and land force, and to quarter it at
one of the islands on the Chinese coast; her in-
structions being, that •if the Chinese Government
were willing to admit its errors and afford re-
dress, a peaceful arrangement of affairs should be con-
cluded ; but otherwise, if justice and recompense were
refused, that the standard of justice should be raised
and its claims enforced by war. The Admiral, &c.,
hereupon proceeded to the Peiho, and there presented
a letter from the Minister of Great Britain, which
the Minister and Governor Keshen transmitted for the
consideration of all the Ministers to Pekm; after this
Keshen wrote to the Admiral stating that affairs which
concerned Canton, it was- difficult to arrange.so far
off, and if the Admiral, &c., would proceed to Can-
ton, it would not need long to arrange affairs there.
The high English officers, still desiring peace,' con-
sented to this, and proceeded to Canton ; there they
met Keshen, and had frequent communications
.with
him, both written and personal. Arrangements were
not yet concluded, when the Ministers at Pekin, men
without truth or good faith, induced the Emperor to
recal Keshen, and send instead a General Yihsliap;
to fight and war with the English, so that thelEngs:
lish were actually compelled by these proceedissio%tb
take the Bocca Tigris, and the line of defencesssfrom
thence upwards, and to bring Canton itself to• sub-
mission, and to take from it a ransom for the punish-
ment of such ill faith. In this ill faith of the Chinese
Ministers, we have a second grand instance of offence
against England.
" The high commissioner, Yukien, and other high
officers, generals, &c., in the several provinces, in re-
peated instances, when they have found our people
cast by the weather on their coast, or induced by evil
men on shore, have, being dead to all good and honest
feeling, dared to put the captives thus brought into
their hat& to a tyrannical and cruel death, and have
deceitfully and falsely reported the cases to the Em-
peror, or published lying proclamations to the people,
wherein they have invented tales of lengthened con-
test and seizures of vessels in battle with slaughter of
many people. Thus falsely did Yukien declare last
year the circumstances of the English occupation of
Chusan—thus did the General Yishan pretend that he
had destroyed many vessels ; the Governor Yen Petao,
that he had, by force of arms, recovered Amoy; the
Taotai, on Formosa, when shipwreck had cast men on
that island, he had gained a victory over them in bat-
tle ; and the General Yihking, in May last, that he
had destroyed many vessels and killed a multitude of
men at Chusan, when not one vessel was injured, nor
a single man killed. These multiplied false state-
ments, misleading the Emperor and people, and hin-
dering peaceful arrangements, are a third great cause
of offence against the English.
"With reference to trade, the English merchants
used to carry their goods to many places, and buy
from and sell to the people, wholly a benefit, and in
no sense hurtful. But the officers at Canton, seeking
to confine the profits to themselves, induced the Em-
peror, by false statements, to restrict trade to Canton
alone, and permit 13 Hong merchants to conduct it,
not even allowing intercourse with any but them, and
the linguists appointed by the Government. Thus
did these officers gain the power of meddling in every
matter, extorting as they pleased, and disguising
everything under false statements to the Emperor.
This is a fourth great cause of offence.
" There are besides many minor grievances that
excite indignation and wrath, but that need not here
be enumerated.

" Because of these grievances the Plenipotentiary,
&c., has been sent out by command of his Sovereign
to demand redress and satisfaction. When these are
obtained, peaceful arrangements may be made and the
former friendliness of intercourse may be renewed.
But until then, the high officers in command here of
the combined naval and land forces will continue as
commanded also by their Sovereign, to maintain the
cause of justice, and to contend with all their power
for the enforcement of such redress. When the Em-
peror shall appoint a high officer with full powers to
negotiate and conclude arrangements on his own
responsibility, and not till then, will hostile opera-
tions be stayed.
"Now three, principal things are required for the
redress and satisfaction above spoken—namely, com-
pensation for losses and expenses ; a friendly and be-
coming intercourse on terms of equality between offi-
cers of the two countries • and the cession of insular
territory of commerce and for the residence of mer-
chants, and as a security and guarantee against future
renewal of offensive acts.
" If these three things be acceded to, there will be
no difficulty in the settlement of any minor points.
" That the people may know our objects, and not
be misled by the false representation of their officers,
to commit acts of hostility that would bring home to
their own persons and families the horrors of war, the
Plenipotentiary, &c., proclaims for general informa-
tion this clear exposition.
" Dated in the Yang-tze-Keang, the sth day of
July, in the year 1842.
(Signed) " HENRY POTTINGER,
Her Majesty's Plenipotentiary.
(True Copy)
" G. A. MALCOLM, Secretary of Legation."

NAVIGATION OF THE YANG-TSZE-ICEANG.
(From a Correspondent of the Bombay Times.)
NANICING, AUG. 22.
The city, from what we have seen of it, is by no
means strong, having many weak points, for the walls
though from 35 to 38 feet high in most places, are
here and there only 15. The outer one is of great
extent, and very old; as far as we can judge it must
be 30 to 35 miles round, inclosing a great deal of
open country; the inner one we do not know the
extent of, being lost every here and there among the
houses ; there is also a third enclosure in the centre
of the second, which, I suppose, is the stronghold of
the Tartars; both the outer and inner walls are com-
manded by hills close to them. A considerable por-
tion of our force are landed, and have taken up a
position to the eastward of the city about four miles
from the ships, the remainder of the force are afloat
to form the column of attack on the side next the
river should it be necessary, which I sincerely hope it
may not.
Old Elepoo is one of the Commissioners, though not
the head one, who, I believe, is some relation of the
Emperor's. The Tartar General has also something
to say in the settlement of affairs. We do not know
the exact number of troops they have in the city, but

I suspect their numbers have considerably decreased
since our arrival, at least so say the country people.
Nobody has yet been to the Porcelain Tower, but in
a few days more we are to be allowed to go to see it ;
it is situated outside the city, a little to the south of
it. In the event of peace, we are to leave this in
twelve days, picking up the money as we go along
from the various towns. The sooner w are off the
better.

Four of our vessels have been more than five miles
above this—l think it a pity that we should have lain
here so long without ending a couple of the small
steamers to explore sfurther up. The Chinese say
that a moderate sized ship may go 300 miles above
this, there being plenty of water, but a very
strong current. There were one or two places be-
tween this and Chin-keang-foo, which we had some
difficulty in getting through where the river was nar-
row, and the stream in consequence running like a
sluice. The tide occasions a slight rise and fall here
in the water, but no diminution of the current.

The country all round is very beautiful, and the
roads as far as we have seen of them some five or six
miles round, are really very good. There is nat so
much cultivation as there is to the southward, but the
country is well wooded. Supplies are very scarce,
and the Chinese as yet rather shy of us—but within
the last two days boats have been plying about with
vegetables and poultry, and a supply of bullccks was
sent off by the Mandarins a short time ago.
A portion of the, money to be paid is now ready
here, which the Commissioners wish Sir Henry to re-
ceive, but he ha; refused to take any of it, until the
Emperor sanctions their giving it.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
GLOBE.—Sir Robert Peel, having inherited from
his Tory prototype, the " immortal Pitt," the desperate
expedient of that most inquisitorial and oppressive of
all modes of taxation—an Income-tax, will probably
cling to it with the tenacity of Castlereagh, even after
the necessity which was appealed to as its only justifica-
tion has ceased. The Income-tax of Pitt was a war
tax. At the time of its imposition it was so described ;
and its author, in the most explicit terms, declared in
Parliament that no circumstance but a war, in which
England was defending her very existence as a na-
tion could justify any. Minister in proposing such a
means of revenue. The termination of the war was
not productive of a disposition of the then Tory Go-
vernment to repeal the Income-tax. Another, and
yet another, year of that prolific source of revenue, to
furnish a profligate Ministry with means to supply
the cormorants of corruption, was pleaded for. Lord
Castlereagh's still-remembered ebullition of vexation
against the people's " ignorant impatience of taxa-
tion," was uttered on the occasion of hosts of petitions
being presented for the removal of that tax, in fulfil-
ment of the pledge given by the Minister that it
should be taken off upon the return of peace.
The " ignorant impatience" of the nation prevailed
over the Government, which was defeated in 1816 in
its attempt to continue the obnoxious tax. Well do
we remember the demonstrations of general joy on
receipt of the intelligence, which was expressed to the
most distant parts of the kingdom. The ringing of
the church bells, and the blazing of bonfires lit on
the most elevated spots, manifested the public feeling.
It seemed as though an incubus had been removed
from the national energies—a fiscal inquisition and
instrument of public torture broken up by the
force of public opinion acting upon the Legislature.
In his financial statement made to the House of
Commons on March II last, Sir Robert Peel, like Mr.
Pitt, rested his defence for proposing an Income-tax
on the dire necessity which compelled him to meet
the deficiencies in the national revenue, and the pro-
spective expenses of the India and China wars, by this
extraordinary and, except absolutely necessary, mde-
1. feasible .expedient. The peroration of that oratorical
isOtiiet:consists of a high-flown panegyric upon the
pattiotism shown by our fathers in submitting to the
tax when proposed by Mr. Pitt, in 1798, "when
the prospects of the country were most gloomy;"
and an exhortation to the present genera-
tion to show themselves worthy of their fa-
thers, by submitting to an Income-tax to meet
the deficiencies, and provide for an anticipated in-
creased expenditure, now. We have again and
again showed the utter absurdity of comparison be-
tween the circumstances of the country in the
former and in the present periods of its history.
Admitting that Mr. Pitt was justified in having re-
course to such a mode of raising an immense revenue,
every argument he employed condemns the uncalled-
for imitation of the course he pursued. If there was
really no necessity for this bold experiment upon the
endurance of Englishmen, then is Sir R. Peel con •
demned for having made it. The termination of the
wars in China and Affghanistan, and the four millions
and a half to be paid by the former, plainly prove that
the infliction of the tax, and the annoyances which
accompany its collection, were gratuitous. We shall
return to this subject.
STANDARD.—The Leaguers say that they
have collected 4,0001. This they may easily pretend
When they have, by their own confession, already in
hand 85,0001., at least, of which they can render no
account. On looking to the proceedings of the League
meeting, at which the sum of 4,0001. is said to have
been subscribed, it will be seen that the subscri-
bers are the , principal managers of the League,
who affect to contribute—one his 2001., another
his 1001., a third his 501. Now it is the easiest
thing in the world for these gentlemen, who have
85,000/. in a bag, if they have not privately appro-
priated it, or applied it to the use of the late insurrec-
tion, which it would be uncharitable to suppose—it
would be the easiest thing in the world, we say, for
these worthy persons, having 85,0001. of the former
subscription in a bag—it may be under the table—
to put their hands into that bag, and take out
very munificent subscriptions, which would not
cost themselves a farthing, but would serve admir-
ably the uses of the " decoy duck." It is
strange, and not a little suspicious, that not
one word has been whispered about the missing
85,0001., though many weeks have passed since
we humbly suggested that some account of that
large sum ought to be rendered. We know
that our mudest inquiry has reached some
of the great men of the League, for the king
of the conspiracy denounced our interrogatory
in the public rooms of Manchester as a
"cursed Tory lie of the Standard." Now, if there
be a lie in the case, it is not the lie of the
Standard, hut the lie of the League, and more par-
ticularly the lie of theindividual, who made the un-
civil imputation upon us ?—the League ; and they
and lie sly that they have received 100,000 i. already,
and that their funds are exhausted, while they can
show only so much value given as at the most
extravagant rate would not amount to 15,0001.
How, then, do we lie in saying that the
matvtgers of the League ought to have in hand
85,000/. ? And why do they limit their contradic-
tions to such viva voce generalities as cannot be
regularly reported, and could mean nothing if they
were reported ? We think that we are putting
the most favourable construction upon their conduct
in saying that they are using the 85,000/. as a flight
of decoy ducks, or it may be as making a parade of
greater affluence and liberality than they can honestly
boast—just as we sometimes see half a dozen men re-
present an army, by marches before and counter-
marches behind the scenes of a theatre. If the
Leaguers, whose reputation is rather rank as it is
would not be thought worse of even than they are
they will publish an account—an account—an ac-
count.