The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-27 00:00:00

EXTRACTS FROM THE « INQUIRY
INTO THE SANITARY CONDITION OF THE
LABOURING POPULATION OF GREAT
BRITAIN."-(CONCLUDED

MANSIOIV-HOUSE.
THE BRITISH AMERICAN' ASSOCIATION FQR EMI-
GRATION AND COLONIZATION.—A man of seaman-like
appearance, who stated that his name was Pratt, ap-
peared before the Lord Mayor, in consequence of the
account which he had seen in the newspapers relative
to the emigrants to Prince Edward's Island. He was
accompanied by four or five persons who said they
had claims against the Association or its agents.
Mr. Pratt stated that he was the second Captain
who had been engaged to take command of the ship
Barbadoes, bound for Prince Edward's Island, and
which it had been stated was on the point of sailing,
and he was given to understand that a representation
had been made to the Lord Mayor that his services
were rejected, because he was excessively addicted to
liquor.
The LORD MAYox,said it had been mentioned that
the Captain, first engaged, was in such pecuniary dif-
ficulties as to be afraid to appear publicly, and that
the Captain appointed to supply his place having been
found blind drunk, and in the company of a prosti-
tute, was considered an unfit person to manage a ship,
upon the safety of which the lives of so many persons
depended. It had also been mentioned in the state-
ment made in the Justice-room, that a third Captain
had been chosen, who was considered unexceptionable,
and that he was in the ship at Gravesend.
Captain Pratt declared most solemnly that a
greater falsehood could not have been told than that
which reflected upon' his character as a man of sober
and steady habits. The object of those who uttered
such a calumny was merely to afford something like
a reasonable excuse for the course they were pur-
suing. It was the wish of the passengers that he
should go out as Captain, but he had peremptorily re-
fused to take the vessel under his command, as
everything connected with it was a dark mystery,
and there was no evidence whatever of the stability
and correctness of all the arrangements, notwith-
standing the high description given in answer to the
complaints of the emigrants who appeared before his
Lordship.
The LORD MAYOR supposed that a satisfactory ar-
rangement had taken place between the party who
contracted with the emigrants and the men who ap-
peared to complain on Monday, as he had heard no-
thing snore of the matter. It struck him upon that
occasion, and he had mentioned the fact, that so
important a business as that in which the Association
was engaged, seemed to have been most loosely and
negligently transacted. Well acquainted as he hap-
pened to be, from the nature of his own commercial
transactions, with the means which ought to be
adopted with regard to the transmission of multitudes
of people to distant countries and harsh climates, he
certainly felt that there was something which de-
manded explanation.
One of the persons who accompanied Captain Pratt
here stated that five of the emigrants were in London
on the previous day, ready to make complaints, and
that no money was to be had. It was, he observed,
very extraordinary that an Association, boasting of
such wonderful patronage, and promising nothing less
than the making of people's fortunes, should be so
badly managed that tradesmen were apprehensive
lest the credit they might give would leave them in
:he lurch.
The LORD MAYOR said the superintendence of the
pecuniary affairs was evidently defective, and he had no-
ticed that as one of the principal objections, amongst
which another was the late period of the year for sail-
ing to such a climate.
Mr. Hobler—A climate that requires Buffalo hides
as a protection against the intense cold.
Captain Pratt—The emigrants were most anxious
that I should go, but I have withdrawn myself ; and
I am anxious to get my clothes which are on board.
The emigrants have, I understand, already objected
to eat the meat given out to them
The Loan MAYOR—I cannot consent to hear any
more, except the parties interested for the Association
are present, and I would not have listened to so much,
if I had not been given to understand that they knew
of Captain Pratt's intention to be here to• day.
Captain Pratt assured his Lordship that he had
intimated to the gentlemen who had attended to de-
fend the whole of the proceedings on the part of the
Association, that he meant to apply to the Lord
Mayor on the subject of the slander which had been
uttered against himself, as well as other matters con-
nected with the contractor, the owner, and the Asso-
ciation.
The LORD MAYou—Well, I shall not say anything
more about the business until I hear from his Grace
the Duke of Argyll, to whom I wrote yesterday.
Such an account of what took place here on Monday
has appeared in the press, as I am sure will lead to a
complete explanation, for some of the highest names
are mentioned as sanctioning the proceedings of the
Association, and the strongest assurances are given
that the Association was actually the child of the Duke
of Argyll, and that his Grace entertained the most
sanguine opinions of its success. , •
The Captain and those who accompanied him, said
they would wait anxiously for a communication from
the Lord Mayor on the subject.
Mr. Win. Bennet, a young man of comparatively
small dimensions, was summoned by Mr. James Mil-
ler, an able-bodied six feet high, hulking Scotchman,
for an assault.
Mr. Miller said that he called at the house of. the
defendant a few evenings ago, to inquire for some-
body, and no sooner had he put his head inside than
he received a whack on the head from Wm Bennett.
The LORD MAYOR—WeII, and what did you do?
You are big enough to stop that sort of play, I think.
Mr. Miller—He was higher up on the stairs, and he
caught hold of a broom and gave me a topper with
the handle.
The LORD MAYOR—And all for nothing ? Mr.
Miller—For nothing at all.
The LoRD MAYOR—Pray, have I not seen you
before, Mr. Miller ? Mr. Miller—l dare say you
might, my Lord ; but that has nothing to say to this.
The LoRD MAYOR—I don't exactly know that.
Perhaps we shall know a little by, and bye. Pray,
who was the somebody you went to inquire for ? Mr.
Miller—Why, it was for my wife.
The LORD MAYOR—Oh ! it was for your wife ? You
have been here many times about her. I mean about
beating and kicking her? Miller—That has nothing
to do with this whatever, your Lordship.
The LORD MAYOR—WeII, defendant, what have
you to say to this accusation ?
Mr. Bennet said that Mrs. Miller, having been
grossly insulted and abused by her husband, and being
apprehensive of some fatal attack from his brutality,
had placed herself under. Mrs. BEnnet's protection,
and was, when Mr. Miller called, in the house. He
(Mr. Bennet) opened the door when Mr. Miller
knocked, and told him his wife was not in the house ;
ut,lllaeddaeasd whereuponfaumltro.
most ,bleirsia
desperateieeMc s cprkee
seemed
eltt
lea
certainly
r: beingolenyd.: t
uccd
receiving
efriduvrmaeilnrnli
sdenguode drinkufcdhnsaete
odectapeiflrsoaesrnauergaomeyunf
hsda
language
to take
fenhuwt
circumstances,
tookyhsye,:
upup tshtaeirsbr,uitumw
Mr. Miller roared like a bull, and ran out of the
house.—(Laughter.)
Mr. Miller—l was not in liquor, and I used no bad
language ; and I had a right to go where any wife was.
Mr. Hobler—You have been frequently here for
most violently assaulting the poor woman, who has
thrown herself away upon you, and who, it is evident,
ought to be here now, to punish you.
Here the defendant handed to the Lord Mayor a
published account of the last of numerous complaints,
made by Mrs. Miller against her husband, at the
Mansion-house. The report gaVe a particular descrip-
tion of the cowardly behaviour of Mr. Miller, against
whom the public indignation was warmly expressed.
The LORD MAYOR, at the conclusion, said, why
Mr. Miller, you positively declared upon this occa-
sion that you would pack up your all, go off to Scot-
land, and never trouble your wife more, if she would
only save you from being locked up.
sir. Miller—Now my Lord, you must know that
has nothing to do with this. What has my going to
Scotland to do with this man's knocking my head
about with a broomstick for nothing at all ?
The LORD MAYOR—You had no right to go like a
great ruffian, as you are, into his house.
Mr. Miller—But I wanted my wife.—(Laughter.)
The LORD MAYOR—And he was determined to
protect your wife against your brutality ; and he has
done it like
Mr. a maMiller,n. I dism
to s
take ss the complawinyt,ou andare
I
advise you,
brought here again yourself.
Mr. Miller—Thank you, my Lord. Good morn-
ing to your Lordship.
The LORD MAYOR--I wish you a very good morn-
ing, Mr. Miller.—(Great laughter.) •
Mr. Bennet subsequently assured the Lord Mayor
that he was afraid Mr. Miler would make his wife
feel for the disappointment occasioned by the failure
of the charge.
The Loan MAYOR—If he should act badly, the
police must apprehend him, and bring him bele, and

and I will deal with him. But I have given him a
hint which I think he will not forget.
CLEI?KE2V WELL.
William Edwards, who had been remanded from
the previous day on the charge of robbing several
medical gentlemen under pretence of wishing to con-
sult them for a " bad thumb," was brought up for
examination on the only remaining charge against
him, that of
Mr. F. T. Basire, who stated that he was a resi-
dent pupil of Mr. Phillips, surgeon, of 44, Albion-
street, Hyde-Park. On the 6th of September, at
about half-past one in the afternoon, the prisoner
rang the surgery bell, which was answered by wit-
ness. The prisoner asked to see Mr. Phillips, and on
being told by witness that that gentleman was not at
home, prisoner said he was willing to wait even for an
hour, as he, witness, would not do, for he had a very
" bad thumb." Witness thereupon invited him into
witness's study, which was also used as a consulting-
room, where witness left him alone whilst he went to
partake of luncheon with Mrs. Phillips in an ad-
joining room. There being but a very thin par-
tition, and merely folding doors between the two
rooms, witness distinctly heard the bolt of the
drawer-lock in the study click" as if turned by a key.
Witness then sent the footman intothe room, telling him
to fetch abook,and to see what the prisoner was doing,
In some short time after this, the prisoner tapped at
the door of the parlour, in which witness and Mrs.
Phillips were sitting, and told witness he could wait
no longer, and would call again in the morning.
Witness attended him to the door, and was in the act
of letting him out when Mr. Phillips came in, with
whom the prisoner returned to the study. They re •
mined in consultation some little time, and the pri-
soner left. In about a quarter of an hour after that
witness had occasion to go to his drawer in the study,
when he found that the key was gone and the; drawer
locked. In this drawer he kept several articles of
jewellery, consisting of two valuable gold mourning
rings, &c., and on Mr. Phillips opening the drawer
with a key of his own, he discovered that the whole of
the jewellery, of the value of about 16/., besides a
purse containing from 12s. to 18s. in silver, had been
abstracted therefrom. Witness had seen all these safe
in the drawer a few moments before the prisoner's
arrival, and he could swear that no person save the
prisoner, Mr. Phillips, and the footman, as before
mentioned, had entered the room in the interval. He
had traced the two mourning rings to the possession of
a pawnbroker, with whom they had been pledged by
or at the instance of the prisoner.
Mr. Phillips said he saw the prisoner at the time
mentioned by the last witness. The prisoner told
witness he had injured his thumb in a frolic with some
companions on the previous night. On examining
the thumb witness's impression at first was that it was
an old dislocation. (It was stated on a former occa-
sion that the prisoner has the power of dislocating
his left thumb at will, which is by no means an un-
common thing). Witness finding that he could make
nothing of the alleged " bad thumb," recommended
the prisoner to go across to St. George's Hospital,
permitting him to use his name to the house-surgeon,
and telling him that probably that gentleman might
be able to detect what he (witness) could not. As
the prisoner was about to leave, witness asked him to
whom he (witness) was iadebted for the honour of
the introduction ?—(A laugh.) To which the pri-
soner replied he was recommended to come to witness
by a man named Davis, of Prague-street, a person
whom of course witness had not the slightest know-
ledge of.
William Chapman, footman to Mr. Phillips, con-
firmed the evidence of Mr. Basire as to his being sent
into the study while the prisoner- was there. Witness
found him sitting close by the drawer belonging to
Mr. Basire, apparently whistling for want of
thought," and with his back towards the window.
He seemed to be quite unconcerned about any thing.
The prisoner declined to say any thing in answer
to this charge. He also declined, although good-
humouredly pressed by Mr. Mould, to edify the Court
by showing how he "did the trick" of dislocating
his thumb at pleasure. He was fully committed for
trial, and left the bar smiling with affected indiffe-
rence ; as on the previous occasions.
THAMES-POLICE.
Yesterday a young man, who called himself Billy
Williams' but who was named on the police sheet
William Bell, was brought before Mr. BRODERIP, on
a charge of being found on board the schooner Jane,
in the London Dcick, with intention to commit felony.
The prisoner is a native of New Zealand, and his
face and arms were curiously tattooed. It appeared
from the evidence of James Downes, the shipkeeper
of the Jane, that he left the vessel soon after one
o'clock on Tuesday afternoon, and upon his return,
four hours afterwards, he found the lock of the fore-
castle hatch broken, and the scuttle taken off. lie
looked down the companion, and saw the prisoner just
under the ladder busily engaged in making into one
large bundle a quantity of wearing apparel belonging
to Downes, who asked him what he was after. The
prisoner replied, in very good English, that he had
come there for his things. Downes asked him what
things, and the prisoner pointed to the clothes, and
said " these things." Downes said he would obtain
a written pass from the Dock Company, and forced
down the scuttle for the purpose of securing the pri-
soner, who made a determined resistance, and tried
to force his way out. Downes was obliged to strike
him, and sent hint to the bottom of the forecastle by
the run, and kept him below until one of the gate-
keepers arrived, who took him into custody. The
prisoner then said he belonged to the ship, which was
denied by the Captain, who recognised him as a per-
son who had been hanging about the ship for several
days, but was not allowed to come on board. The
prisoner had removed the whole of the shipkeeper's
wardrobe, in value about 101., and a quantity of books
from his berth in the forecastle, where they were
stowed away in a bag, and had spread them on the
floor ready to carry away, when he was interrupted.
Mr. BRODERIP said the asportation was complete,
and he should treat the case as one of felony. The
shipkeeper would have met with a very serious loss if'
he had not so opportunely returned. He asked the
prisoner if he had any defence to make ?
The prisoner stared, first on one side, and then on
the other, and looked in every direction but
,the
right one.
The officer said the prisoner spoke a good deal of
English on Tuesday evening, and he now pretended
not to understand a word. The witness then addressed
the prisoner in his own tongue, and said he had picked
up a good many words when he was in New Zealand.
The prisoner—l don't savey savey now.
The witness—He means by that, he won't under-
stand anything now.—(Laughter.)
Mr. BRODERIP—It is very laughable, certainly.
There is something in the atmosphere of this Court
which deprives foreigners of their English very soon.
The depositions were then read over very distinctly
by Mr. Leadley, the clerk, and the Magistrate being
satisfied the prisoner understood what he heard, com-
mitted him to Newgate for trial.

THE OLD TOLBOOTH. STEEPLE
(From the Glasgow Argus.)
The renovation of this ancient tower has of late
been the subject of various paragraphs in the news-
papers. During the disastrous reigns of the later
Stuarts, Glasgow Tolbooth was frequently tenanted
by the victims of their tyranny—the Covenanters of
the West were in great numbers immured within its
dungeons, and not a few who had been confined there
ended their days on the public, scaffold. Of these in-
mates, many interesting tales might be told ; but to
enter upon such a field would be travelling beyond our
purpose—and to make any reference to the history of
the prison, so far as regards its criminal records, is
still farther from our intention. We are not sure of the
fact, but there is some reason to believe that, in 1725,
when the Shaw field riot took place, even the Magistrates
of the city were placed within the precincts of the Tol-
booth. Certain it is, that on that occasion they were
taken prisoners to Edinburgh, and stood trial before the
Lords of Justiciary for mismanagement, if not some-
thing worse, in connection with the riot, when they
were all honourably acquitted. To this riot, never-
theless, the city is indebted for the impost on ale and
beer, which was raised, in the first instance, to reim-
burse Mr. Campbell, of Shawfield, for the oss which
he had sustained. Apart from its actual history,
however, the Tolbooth of Glasgow has been made
ever memorable by Sir -Walter Scott, in his novel of
"Rob Roy,"
where he represents the outlaw and
Bailie Nicol Jarvie as holding, unknown, at the first
to each other, interviews with the unfortunate Owen.
Every reader must be familiar with the descrip-
tion of the worthy Bailie thundering at the identical
door which forms the subject of our notice, while the
Dugald Cratur kept ward and watch within, and with
the graphic and interesting account of the scene in the
prison, where the Bailie became aware of the pre-
sence of the fearless freebooter. The old Tolbooth
was erected in 1603, and there is no reason to doubt
that the present is the door originally erected. In
1812 the gaol was sold to the late Dr. Cleland for
8,0001., being about 451. the square yard for the
groun; and when that building was taken down,
the tower, and of course the doorway into the prison,
were left untouched. There are no records showing
that any repairs had taken place on this portion of the
building previous t 6 1812.
-...m.••••••••••••••••••

SELF-DEVOTION.—This new novel, edited by the '
popular author of " The Subaltern," comes before the
world under circumstances of such peculiar and touch-
ing interest that even the sterling merit of the work
itself will probably be a second consideration in the
attention and curiosity it will excite. Its writer, a
young and beautiful Scotch lady, whose first literary
production, " The Only Daughter," gave rise to the
very highest expectations as to her future literary ca-
reer, recently died suddenly abroad, just as her lite-
rary hopes were on the point of being realised in the
reception which will certainly be given to this her se-
cond, and, unhappily, her last work, entitled " Self-
Devotion or, The Dist of A:all-123-1m Randolph."

Though the deaths from accidents bear only a
small proportion to the deaths from disease, yet
registries show that the scattered deaths from
various descriptions of violence amount to an
average of about 12,000 yearly, in England and
Wales alone, or more than aroused the national
attention in the late massacre of the troops of the
empire during the war in India.—Page 205.
The amount expended in ardent spirits (exclu-
sive of wines), tobacco, snuff, beer, &c., con-
sumed chiefly by the labouring population, can-
not be much less than 45,000,0001. to 50,000,0001.
per annum in the United Kingdom. By an esti-
mate obtained from an eminent spirit merchant,
of the cost to the consumer of the British spirits
on which duty is paid, the annual expenditure on
them alone, chiefly by the labouring classes,
cannot be less than 24,000,000/. per annum. .
In the town of Bury, with an estimated popula-
tion of 25,000, the expenditure in beer and spi-
rits is estimated at 54,1901. annually, or 2/. 35.4 d.
for each man, woman, and child. But on an in-
quiry made from house to house by the agency
of the Manchester Statistical Society into, the
condition of the labouring population of this
town, with such an expenditure on one source of
dissipation and ill-health, it appeared that of
2,755 of their dwellings examined, only 1,668
were decidedly comfortable; that a smaller num-
ber were well furnished; that the number of
families in which there were less than two per-
sons sleeping in one bed were only 413 ; that the
number in which on the average there were more
than two persons. to a bed was 1,512; that the
number of families who had not less than three
persons in a bed and less than four, was 773 ;
that the nuniber of families in which there were
" at least four persons, but less than five persons
to one bed," was 207. There Were sixty-three
families where there were at least five persons to
one bed.; and there were some in which even six
were packed in one bed, lying 'at the top and
bottom—children and adults. Similar results as
to misapplied means and numbers crowded to-
gether would be ascertained from similar inqui-
ries into the state of the population in other. di-
tricts.—Pages 227, 228.
DISTRAINING ON POOR TENEMENTS.—In some
of the worst neighbourhoods in Manchester, the
whole population of a street have risen to resist
the service of legal process by the civil officers.
In the course of the Constabulary Inquiry I was
informed by the superintendent of the old police
of that town, that one of the most dangerous ser-
vices for a small force was attending to enforce
ejectments. This they had often to do, cutlass in
hand, and were frequently driven off by showers
of bricks from the mobs. The collection of the
rent weekly in such neighbourhoods is ,always a
disagreeable service, requiring high payment.
This, and the frequent running away of the
te-
nant, and the waste, greatly reduce the appa-
rently enormous rent obtainable from this poorer
class of tenants.—Page 235.
MODE OF PAVING WaoEs.—The direct sani-
tary effects may be best displayed in the follow-
' ing evidence of Mr. Lomax, an army pensioner,
which has been corroborated by superior officers :
—" When I was in the Life Guards' fourteen or
sixteen years ago, there was a good deal of ill
health prevalent amongst them. Before that
time the men received part of their pay weekly,
namely, seven shillings at the end of the week.
With this seven shillings they had to provide the
food which they required, except their dinner.
The ration for dinner was three-quarters of a
pound of uncooked meat, a pound of potatoes or
vegetables, and a pound of bread. It was found,
however, .that many of the men spent the whole
of the seven shillings in a single day in drink or
dissipation. During the remainder of the week
the men would be on what was called the crib-
bite,' that is, living only on their dinner rations..
I knew many of the men who drooped under
this system, partly from the excess of drinking
or dissipation, and partly from the privation of
the necessaries of life and the work they had to
undergo. This, again, led them to much temp-
tation. If anything was lost it was amongst this
class of men that we looked for it. The crime-
book would speak as to the further bad conse-
quences of these habits. The plan was then tried
of paying the men one shilling each day. Over
and above that the men were provided. with
coffee. It was universally felt that this change
was highly beneficial to their health, and it
stopped the dissipation, and the consequences of
the dissipation."—Page 245.
EXTENT AND PREVALENCE OF PERSONAL
UNCLEANNESS AMONGST W ORKPEOPLE. Mr.
John Kennedy, in the course of the examina-
tions of some colliers in Lancashire, asked one of
them—" How often do the drawers (those
employed in drawing coals) wash their bodies ?
None of thedrawers ever wash their bodies. I
never wash my body; I let my shirt rub the
dirt off; my shirt will show that. I wash my
neck and ears, and face, of course.—Do you
think it usual for the young women (engaged in
the colliery) to do the same as you do ? Ido not
think it is usual for the lasses to wash their bo-
dies; my sisters never wash themselves, and see-
ing is believing; they wash their faces, necks,
and ears.--When a collier is in full dress, he haS
white stockings, and very tall shirt necks, very
stiffly starched, and ruffles? That is very sure,
Sir ; but they never wash their bodies under-
neath; I know that; and their legs and bodies
are as black as your hat." One labourer remem-
bered that a particular event took place at
Easter, " because it was then he washed his
feet." The effects of these habits are seen at the
workhouse on • almost every one of the paupers
admitted. When it is necessary to wash them
on their admission, they usually manifest an ex-
treme repugnance to the process. Their com-
mon feeling was expressed by one of them when
he declared that he considered it " equal to rob-
bing him of a great coat which he had had for
for some years." The filthy condition in which
they are found on admission into the hospitals
is frequently sufficient to account for the state of
disease in which they appear, and the act of
cleansing them is itself the most efficient cure.—
Page 253.
WASTE WATER FOR BATHS.—A few years
since a gentleman, observing some ditches in
London, in the neighbourhood of City-road,
smoking with clean hot water, running away
from the steam-engine of a manufactory, directed
attention to the waste, and suggested the expe-
diency of using that water to supply public warm
or tepid baths. After a time the suggestion was
acted upon as a private speculation, and large
swimming-baths were constructed; one, with
superior accommodations and decorations at one
shilling ; another, with less costly fittings-up, at
Sixpence the bath. These were luxurious tepid
baths, kept at a heat of 84 degrees. The ex-
, ample appears to . have been followed in West-
-tninster by the establishment of similar tepid
swimming-baths, where only threepence is
charged to persons of the working-class. As
many as 2,000 and 3,000 of this class have re-
sorted to these baths in one clay, and the bath at
the lowest charge is stated to make the best re-
turn for the capital invested in it. Similar esta-
blishments are, we believe, in progress in other
parts of the metropolis.—Pages 254, 255.
Besides those means which affect immediately
the health and moral condition of the work-
people, others are within the control of their em-
ployers which affect the personal appearance,
and, through the self-respect, the morality of
the population. Mr. 'William Fairbairn, in the
course of an examination, adverted to respecta-
bility in personal appearance, thus—" It is
always,' said an indication of looseness
of character, and a low standard of moral con-
duct, to see a mechanic in dirt or in his
working-clothes on Sunday. Thirty years'
ex-
perience leads me to draw a very unfavourable
conclusion as to the future usefulness to me, and
of success to himself, of any workman whom I
see in dirt on a Sunday.'—As a general rule,
does the advance of his house keep pace with
the advance in condition of the person? As a
general rule, it does. Better personal condition
leads to better associates, and commonly to better
marriage, on which the improved condition of
the house is entirely dependent. It is due to the
labouring classes of females in Lancashire and
the surrounding districts to :state that, in the im-
portant household virtue of cleanliness, they are
superior to the females of the same class in
Scotland.—Are you aware of what is the con-
dition of their houses—haVe you visited them?
I have not made it a practice to visit them, I
chiefly judge of their circumstances from seeing
them with their wives and families, and their
well-dressed and respectable condition on the
Sundays. These externals are always indications
of greater comforts and respectability at home.
I am a strong advocate for dress, and encourage
the working men to dress well: if I see any
workman in a dirty condition and in his working-
clothes in the streets on the Sunday, I do not,
perhaps, speak to him then, but on the Monday
I tell him that 1 have. been looking over the
books, that I find that lie has bad as good wages
as other men who dress respectably, and that I
dfs not like to have any one about me who will
riot dress well on the Sunday. This intimation
'has generally had the desired effect."—Page 261.
EQUIVOCAL NUISANCE.—The complication of
various nuisances in some of the larger mann-
fa cturing districts has frequently become so great
as top* them beyond any existing legal remedy,
witethir private or public, by plucinl out of the

THE WAR IN CHINA.
Extract of a letter elated Chusan, Jan. 30, 1842 :
...3k"rhe troops continue very healthy, the diseases
being chiefly those induced by intemperance. The
winter has been very grateful, and more mild than
the previous one. During December we had a
heavy fall of snow for some days, and for about
three weeks keen, biting, frosty weather, the ther-
mometer being often as low as 20 deg. and 24 deg.
The people of this island, and those in the other
parts of China which have come under my observa-
tion, are a fine class of men, well formed, intelli-
gent, and in many points highly civilized ; the
lower orders muscular, healthy, and to all appear-
ance happy under their Government, which is not
certainly so oppressive as is generally supposed in
Europe. In agriculture and in native manufactures
they are far advanced, and in most of the mechani-
cal sciences they possess great genius ; but of the
art of war, as practised amongst Europeans, they
know nothing, and they are at once appalled with the
effective power of the mighty engines of death which
we bring against them. There has, indeed, been
nothing like fighting upon this expedition, and those
who have mingled in the various actions would scarce
recognize them in the flaming despatches in which
they are described. The Chinese Govern-
ment seem to have adopted a new policy in keep-
ing aloof from all negotiation, and deserting their
posts of defence as we advance. Reinforcements of
European troops are expected here daily, and it is
then contemplated to attack Hong-chou-foo and
Nankin ; then to move to the northward about the
middle of April, land at the mouth of the Peiho,
and march upon Pekin. I am afraid this will be a
sad failure ; and, from the knowledge we possess of
that part of the country—its great flatness and un-
healthiness—there cannot be a doubt but the loss, of
life from disease will be most serious. Even if Pekin
is reached, the Emperor has still Tartary open to re-
treat upon, and to follow him is an impossibility; thus
the object of our taking a city which we cannot keep
will be frustrated, and our force weakened and dis-
pirited.
" The people here come freely with bullocks and
pigs for sale, and our market is plentifully supplied
with fowls, ducks, great varieties of fish, and all sorts
of vegetables and fruits, at moderate prices. Phea-
sants, woodcocks, snipe, and teal, have been plentiful.
China, indeed, is rich in every production, both in the
animal and vegetable kingdom.
"After the taking of Chusan I collected all the
wounded, placed them in a house near to my quar-
ters, amputated their limbs, and dressed their sores.
Many of them have recovered, and have been sent
to their homes ; only two now remain ; they have
each had a leg amputated, and are now quite well.
One is a fine Tartar soldier, about 6 feet 2 inches
in height, who had his leg shattered while fighting
bravely at the beach battery. At first he considered
my object was to torture him, but he is now the most
grateful and pleased being in the city. lam now
getting up a subscription for them amongst the officers
in the garrison to pay their passage, and enable them
to reach their homes, where they must carry with them
some remembrance of our humanity."

THE TEMPLE CHURCH.

The near approach towards the completion of the
great work of repair which has been going on in this
church during the last two years will, be sufficient
apology for the introduction of the following brief
notice of its present state to our readers, all of whom
may be supposed to feel some interest in this, the
oldest ecclesiastical structure in the metropolis.
The repair and restoration was commenced in 1840,
at the joint expense of the two Temples. The dilapi-
dated state of the building, in a great measure owing
to the reckless manner in which the walls and pillars
had been overlaid with heavy monuments, rendered
these works necessary ; and in accordance with the im-
proved feeling now prevalent in the public mind in re-
gard to church architecture, the Benchers were led to
extend the mere repair into a restoration of the build-
ing, as nearly as possible, to its original state and ap-
pearance. This has been done on a scale of costli-
ness and magnificence which has no parallel within
the last few centuries. The architect who commenced
these works was Mr. Savage; but owing to some
differences between that gentleman and the Building
Committee of Benchers, the charge was transferred to
Mr. Sydney Smirke on the part of the Inner
Temple, and Mr. Septimus Burton on that of the
Middle Temple.
The repairs have been executed with stone of the
same description used in the original construction of
the church, all of which is obtained from quarries in
the vicinity of Caen, in Normandy, whence it acquires
its patronymic.
THE ENTRANCE PORCH is for the most part new,
the excessively ornamented old doorway having been
partly renewed, and the remainder reworked and re-
stored.
THE CIRCULAR NAVE.—ThO six clusters of old
Purbec marble columns which formerly supported the
whole superstructure have been removed, and new
columns of the same material substituted. The ceil-
ing of the centre part, which was a truncated dome of
comparatively modern erection, has been taken down,
and a new oak vaulted and groined ceiling substituted,
painted by Mr. Willement strictly in accordance with
the style of the period. The whole of the wall, arches,
and aisle vaults have been reworked, and new polished
marble shafts substituted for the old columns. This
measure was found absolutely necessary from the ad
vanced state of decay into which those portions of the
structure had fallen. The sculptured figures of the
Knights Templars have been restored in the most per-
fect manner, and will again occupy their former posi-
tions. The carved oak screen which divided the nave
from the chancel, and over which the organ was
placed, has been removed, and it is intended to erect
elaborately executed bronze gates in its stead.
THE TRIFORIUM or THE NAVE has been converted
into a depository for nearly all the monuments which
formerly disfigured the walls of the church. They
are now far better seen than, heretofore, and the col-
lecOon forms a highly interesting gallery of monu-
mental sculpture, containing mural tablets of most of
the eminent lawyers of the last century and a half.
THE SQUARE CHANCEL.—The old organ gallery,
pe wing, pulpit; altar screen, &c., have been cleared
away, and the nave and chancel thrown into one. A
loft for the organ and choristers has been erected on
the north side, occupying one bay, with a vestry be-
neath. The whole interior surface of this part of the
building has been reworked and made sound. The
north and south aisles of the church are occu-
pied by stalls divided into five compartments
on each side. These are of the finest oak,
with elaborately carved ornaments of every
possible variety. Fifty-six sittings (two com-
partments) are reserved for the Benchers of
the Inner and Middle Temples. Two divisions will
accommodate the Bencherfe ladies ; four will be filled
with the barristers of the two inns, and two by the
barristers' ladies. The whole of the centre of the
church is fitted up with sittings for the students, in
the cathedral style of arrangement. The original
ceiling has been coloured, as was proved by the dis-
covery of portions of the old painting, but successive
white-washings had obliterated it It is now painted
as it is supposed likely to have been, and in accord-
ance with existing specimens of the lath century.
The altar is entirely new, from the design of Mr.
Smirke, its extreme beauty being much enhanced by
the magnificent windows which surmount it. The
creed and commandments are painted black, in church
text, on a gold ground, the initial letters being illumi-
nated, the whole producing a richness of effect, com-
bined with an elaborateness of detail, perhaps never
before equalled.
The prevailing colours• used in the decorations of
the walls and roof of the chancel ate blue and red.
The ceiling is divided into compartments, alternately
ornamented with the armorial bearings of the two
bodies—the flying horse for the Inner Temple, and
the lamb and staff for the Middle Temple. Figures
of several of the early Kings of England are em-
blazoned on the walls, and the shield of the Holy
Cross worn by the Knights Templars, is also fre-
quently introduced.
The extent of labour bestowed on the various
carvings with which the Church is adorned has been
immense. The whole of the designs for the stall
ends and elbows, consisting of grotesque heads, &c.,
have been furnished by Mr. Cottingham, the well-
known architect and author, and the mechanical por-
tion.has been excellently carried out by Mr. Nash, of
Hercules-buildings, Lambeth.
The desk now erected is merely temporary, it being
considered prudent to ascertain the most eligible posi-
tion by actual experiment, previously to the definite
adoption of a site for the handsome carved oak pulpit
which is in preparation. The organ, one of the few
superb instruments built by Schmit, more than a cen-
tury since, has been entirely reconstructed by Bishop,
who has greatly extended its power by the adoption
of fifteen large pedal pipes, and corrected a few de-
lfacts in the original. grille floor is paved with glazed.