The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-06 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 6, 1842

The disturbances which prevailed in the manufac-
turing districts have, we are happy to say, almost en-
tirely ceased, and the working people in general have
returned to their several occupations. Manchester
continues, on the whole, in a satisfactory state, though
the power-loom weavers still remain out, owing to a
disagreement between them and the masters as to
prices. At Birmingham, a better spirit manifests
itself among the workmen, and from Rochdale,
Preston, Wigan, and Disley, the accounts are equally
favourable, the mills generally being in full operation.
As the necessary consequence of a month's cessation
from labour, there is an increased demand for goods,
and trade and commerce are gradually improving,
though slowly, in the port of London, as well as
at the principal outports. These results must afford
satisfaction to all parties, and we confidently trust
that both masters and men will see the advantages of
cordial union and, by due forbearance, and avoiding all
causes of oftence on both sides, prevent for the future
the recurrence of such painful and mischievous out-
breaks. The Government, too, are interested in these
unfortunate disputes, and if they. act wisely, and
have a sincere desire to conciliate men who have
borne their sufferings with such meritorious patience,
they will be lenient to their offences. It is highly
creditable to the people, considering the vast
number thrown out of employment, and the starv-
ing condition of thousands, that so little seri •
ous damage has been done to property. This
circumstance requires some acknowledgement, and
it would therefore be an act of policy as well as
of justice on the part of her MAJESTY'S advisers, to
conciliate the sufferers, by leaning to the side of mercy,
and showing them that they are actuated by no
spirit of revenge, but by a paternal regard for the
best interests of the people themselves.

One of the reproaches cast on the factory sys-
tem, is that of destroying individuality. It
makes man, it is said, the slave of machinery,
and reduces all who are dependent on it to the
same level uniformity. We are inclined to think
that the great masses which are generally con-
gregated about machinery, are more the cause
of this than the manufacturing system. Indivi-
dual will and individual power gradually dwindle
away and disappear, as population increases. To
European perception, the individuality of the
Chinese, who have little or no machinery, and
no great manufacturing system, is as completely
lost, owing to the influence of the immense mul-
titude on each, as the individuality of our manu-
facturing towns. The squatters, however, in
the United States, the pioneers of civilisation,
who are left to their own passions and de-
vices, have in general, a strongly-marked
individual character. In our opinion, therefore,
the influence of a mass of population is by far
the most powerful cause of that loss of individual
characteristics which some persons continually
complain of. What they ascribe to the factory
system, is the natural and necessary result of the
increase of population.

There is another cause continually operating,
and intended to operate, in the same direction.
It is the one object of all national institutions to
lay down for all men the same rules of conduct.
tinder the law it is said all are equal, and all are
supposed to have the same rights and privileges.
The law, then, so far as it can, introduces uni-
formity and destroys individuality, which is
what sentimentalists complain of. The powers
of the State over individuals in this respect is
well put by Dr. CHANNING in his last pamphlet,
" The Duty of Free States," Second Part. He
says—

There is a considerable deal of miscellaneous news
in the French journals. For the more interesting details,
we refer to our Foreign Summary. The following
extract from a letter in the Constitutionne/, dated the
26th ult. from Berlin, is well worthy of attention.
We apprehend that we are nearer another Revolution
in Russia than most people in this country imagine:—
" There has been no explosion or disturbance at St.
Petersburgh. The history of the silver chair was a
pure invention, but it is true enough that several regi-
ments of the Guards, in garrison at St. Petersburgh,
were tampered with by the disaffected. Money was
distributed, and pretty considerable sums were found
on officers, sergeants, and men. The secret police of the
Emperor, under the command of General Benkendorf,
received information from the conspirators them-
selves, and to the disclosures .thus made, we must
attribute the terrible duel between the Princes Dol-
gorucki and Jaschwyl, which took place without
seconds, and in which the former was left dead on the
spot from his adversary's ball. In fact, the conspi-
racy failed completely; the well-inclined regiments
wQre informed of what was going on; the people of
St. Petersburgh meanwhile remained completely
neuter, or rather fascinated by the koeemiancy of the
Emperor, so that the consniraey was purely confined
to the-miiitary and the nobility. If you desire to
know what was the aim of this movement, I think I
am able to inform you that the life of the Emperor
was in danger, and that the intention was to proclaim
the young Grand Duke Alexander, now 22 years of age,
and to form for him a sort or Council of Regency to
direct his affairs, whilst the young Prince would only
reign in form. The danger has been averted for the
moment, but the position of the Emperor Nicholas
remains exceedingly critical, having, on one side, a
disaffected nobility, and, on the other, Poland held in
subjection, and Germany tired of the Muscovite in-
fluence, and slipping away completely from the Rus-
sian alliance. Add to this, the unfortunate war in the
Caucasus, which annoys in no small degree the na-
tional pride, and that ambition which desires to plant
the Russian flag at Constantinople, and you will have
a tolerable idea of the actual state of the colossal Em-
pire of All the Russias."

A man's country is more thought of than his nature.
his connexion with a particular community is more re-
spected than his connexion with God. His alliance with
his race is reduced to a nullity by the alliance with the
State. He must be ready to give up his race, to sacrifice
all its rights and interests, that the little spot where he
was born may triumph or prosper. The history of
nations is very much the history of the immolation of
the individual to the country. His nationality stands
out before all his other attributes. The nation repre-
sented by one or a few individuals has arrogated to
itself the dignity of being the fountain of all his rights.
It has made his religion for him. Its will, called law, has
taken place of all other laws. It has seized on the in-
dividual as its tool, and doomed him to live or die for its
most selfish purposes. The sacredness of the indi-
vidual is even yet so little understood that the freest
country on earth is talking of war, because a local law,
enslaving the individual, is not recognised by the whole
eßrth. But the nation is not everything. The nat;,l
is not the fountain of rioter Our first duties are not to
rour-witintry-. —Our first allegiance is not due to its laws.
We belong first to God, and next to our race.
We say not whether such a complete mastery
of the State over individuals be right or not, but
we agree with Dr. CHANNING, that it is a fact,
and that one object always kept in view by the
State is to reduce all individual will into submis-
sion to its will. We say further, that this opera-
tion of the State on its subjectsis a very powerful
cause for that loss of individuality against
which Tory writers, when the factory system is
in question, inveigh very bitterly. At the same
time they are the strongest advocates for reducing
every individual to implicit submission to the will
of the State. In these two cases they are, we
think, extremely inconsistent. They labour to
destroy individuality, and they complain that it
is destroyed. If they have nothing worse to
allege against the factory system than that it de-
stroys individuality, the factory system will not
be worse than any other system, and certainly
not worse than the State. There is, in truth, no
great reason to praise the perfect individuality
of a backwoodsman, or the complete dependence
of a cockney or a Manchester weaver on a sy-s-
-tem, for both are obviously the consequences of
the pecu:iar circumstances of each, and are the
natural and necessary results, in one case of iso-
lation, and in the other, of living with a great I
multitude.

There are reports of a widening of the breach
between the Emperor of Russia and the King of
PRUSSIA, in consequence of the refusal of the former
to mitigate the tyranny exercised against the Poles.
" A letter from Alexandria, dated 22d Auguit, and
published in the Semaphore of Marseilles, has the fol-
lowing intelligence : The Druses, whom Omer
Dacha had secretly supplied with arms, in order to
enable them again to attack the Christians, are ready
to renew their recent cruelties : but we are happy to
believe that the presence of the French men-of-war
on the coast ofSyria will defeat all these fatal projects.'"
" Madrid journals of the 27th contain no political
news ; but they inform us that the Eco del Commer-
do, the oldest of the Madrid political journals, the
most ardent advocate of the movement party, has
changed its proprietors and editors. The editor com-
municates this unexpected change in its number of
the 27th.:The new proprietors and editors declare that
they mean to defend general interests, not those of any
body in the State, or any party or person in particu-
lar."—Commerce.
BOURSE—PARIS, SATURDAY, SEPT. 3.

The conduct of Lord ELLENBOROUGII, with respect
to the war in Affghanistan, is severely criticised in
nearly all the Indian journals received by the Over-
land Mail. Letters from Jellalabad of the Ist of June,
published in the Bombay Times, the sole advocate of
his Lordship's policy, state positively that General
POLLOCK had received an order recalling the whole
of the British troops from Affghanistan, which he
suppressed, determined to risk the responsi-
bility of waiting for instructions from England.
The writer of a letter of the 29th of May, from the
" Camp, Jellalabad," says :—" It is currently believed
in camp that the General (PoLLocx) has received an
intimation from the Governor-General, that the war

First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French 5 per Cents 120 40... 120 50... 120 40... 120 50
3 per Cents 79 50... 79 55... 79 50... 79 50
Bank of France 3255 —.3255 —.3255 .. 3255
Laffltte
Bank I,ooof 1035 ..1035 ...1035 ...1035

5,000 f 5042 50...5042 50—.5042 50...5042 50
Belgian Bank. ... . 7BO ... 780 • • • 780 *" 780
Belgian Fives 1.840 lO4 ... 104/ ... 104 k ... 104}
Spanish Active........, 21 i ... 22k 21i ... 22
Passive
... 3
Portuguese Fives 291 ... 29 ... 29A ••• 29
Roman
RAILWAY SHARE'S.,
St. Germain 845 ... 845 ... 845 ... 845
Versailles, LB 93 75—. 93 75. 92 50." 93 75
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Orleans.
Strasburg to Bale 202 50... 202 50... 202 50.... 202 50

in Affghanistan is not to be prosecuted any further;
and it is said instructions have been received directing
POLLOCK to retire immediately ; to which we hear
that he has written in reply that he hesitates
to obey them for three reasons t—lst, the want of
water on the road ; second, the impracticability of
crowning the heights at that season of the year, in
the event of his meeting with any opposition ; and,
third, the impossibility of his returning without suffi-
cient carriage for the conveyance of his stores and
In another letter, from an officer in the
baggage."
camp at Jellalabad, dated the Ist of June, we
find the following :—" The disgraceful order has
arrived. General Pou,ocx is ordered to re-
turn with his army to India, and thus has
ended the war in Affghanistan. They would
have gone to war with America if one man had been
hung; in Affghanistan thirteen thousand men and
women are cruelly butchered, and the affront is
swallowed. The troops are dreadfully disgusted ; all
wanted to go to Caubul to pay off old scores, and then
retire, if you please." General POLLOCK, how-
ever, refused to peril the lives of his troops,
and the rumour went that before his refusal had
reached the General-in-Chief, the plan of an expedi-
tion for the conquest of Affghanistan, drawn up by
the Duke of WELLINGTON, had arrived in Cal-
cutta, with instructions from the Govern-
ment at home to prosecute the war with
vigour. Immediately the order sent to PoLLocx was
countermanded, and something alleged about the
blunders of Sir JASPER NIcoLL, who misunderstood
the instructions of the Governor-General. In fact, a
series of blunders had been committed somewhere,
which produced the very worst effect upon the minds
of the officers and men in garrison at Jellalabad and
Candahar.

We find the following in the Droit :—" A poor la-
bourer, of Offekerque, with a large family, had fur a con-
siderable time given an asylum to an old beggar, in a
sort of stable adjoining his cottage. The old man died,
and, as his family and country were alike unknown, the
Mayor was sent for to take an inventory of his effects, a
task of no great difficulty, as his property appeared to
consist of some old rags and some small pieces of money.
The Mayor was about to depart, when a sort of shelf
near the roof caught his eye. He directed it to be
searched, and the clerk, putting up his hand, drew out a
box covered with cobwebs, and a morsel of dirty paper
containing these words in large characters This is
my last will and testament. I bequeath to Jean Morin,
my worthy host, the sum of money contained in the box
with which this paper will be found, as a mark of my
gratitude. Jean Morin received me when I was going to
die of cold and hunger, and has sheltered me for ten
years. Henrick Walden.' The Mayor handed over to
Morin the legacy which ho had so strangely become en '
titled to, but the labourer at once flune it on the ground
in a violent fit of anger. exclaiming, Away with this
money. I will none of it. This money is the blood of
the poor, which this wretched man, whom I considered
honest, has extorted from public pity by a feigned dis-
tress ; lam a poor man, Monsieur le Maire, but I never
will make use of ill-acquired money'."
At Tourville-la-Riviere, near Rouen, as some men
were employed three days ago in blasting a rock, the ex-
plosion (lid not take place so quickly as they expected,
and it was believed that the train had become extin-
guished. None of them, however, In ere willing to ap-
proach and ascertain the fact, except an Englishman, who
reached the spot at the moment when the explosion took
place. It brought down a masa of rock, which crushed
him to death.

The evacuation of Khelat-i-Ghilzie, by command
of General NOTT, was likewise much condemned by
the India papers. The dismantling and abandoning

The Augsburgh Gazette states that the inquiry
respecting the associations of students at Gottingen, has
terminated. The chief offenders have been sentenced to
twelve days' imprisonment, and the rest, amounting to
more than 100, to Six.

authorities command; there everything is regu- of works only commenced seven months before, and
lated, controlled, and curbed by a police. We have which, when completed, would have presented the
no doubt that such a system can be, in the present strongest fort of Western Affghanistan, had greatly
temper of the governing classes, established disheartened the troops at Candahar, who regarded it
' here ; but it cannot be denied, that if it as a symptom of acknowledged weakness and danger.
give security and peace on the Continent, which , This fort was a place of great natural strength; had
is very doubtful, it stifles enterprise, crushes 1 an ample supply of excellent water, and was in the
energy, and makes man the complete slave of a i midst of a highly cultivated country abounding in
very imperfect system of government. Hitherto j
it has been the cherished pride of Englishmen to provisions. Being only 80 miles from Candahar, 150
have had more freedom, giving more energy, i
I from Ghuznee, and 227 from Quettah, it formed an
excellent central base for operations against Eastern
more enterprise, and more happiness, than the Affghanistan. Had General NOTT been apprehensive
nations of the Continent, and they must cast
of danger from the enemy, the abandoning Khelat-i-
-aside and forget this pride of their fathers before i Ghilzie would have excited less surprise. But at
they can be happy under a system imported the time he sent Colonel WYMER to execute
from the Continent. In no part of the Conti- ! that measure which he accomplished and
vent are there such great towns, and such masses ,
returned with the garrison to the camp of Candahar,
of population, as in England; in no place are
on the 6th of June—.NoTT's force was upwards of
there such heaps of property ; society there is i 11,000 strong, with 24 pieces of artillery and nume-
yet, generally speaking, much more agricultural I rous mortars. Besides other supplies he had also re-
and poorer than with us, and the system which ceived a supply or seven thousand camels to convey
there preserves security, by crushing ever
gy, the baggage, and twenty lacs of rupees. He was,
will here inflict immense injury without giving therefore, in a condition to move in whatever direc-
' security. We intreat the middle and the upper tion he pleased, and to maintain the garrison at Khe-
classes, who have been made wealthy and
great, almost beyond imaginati lat-i-Ghilzie. Our own impression, however, is,
on, by the
that NOTT received the order of recal from the
present system, and who have enjoyed
Governor-General about the same time as Pm,
for many years a security, both in person LOCK, and that he prepared to obey it. His
and property, superior to any country in evacuation of Ghilzie was, therefore, but a pre-
Europe, not hastily, and in a moment of appre- paratory step to his march towards the Indus. In
liension, to put an end to that general freedom no other way can we account for the evacuation of
which is the basis of the general safety. \
--70 one of the strongest, best supplied, and most easily
persons feel more than they an intense interest retained fortresses in Affghanistan. Altogether there
in the reputation and welfare of the country; and is something ominously mysterious about the whole
let them, therefore, before they encourage the designs of our Government with respect to the
arbitrary proceedings of Secretaries of State, Affghan war.
Magistrates, and policemen, bethink them how
surely they will destroy the reputation and wel-
fare of Britain by crushing, with a continental
police system, the energies, though they be
rude, and the enterprise of her people. Let
them continue, like their sires, to "love the
national roughness for the speed it gives."