The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-12 00:00:00

FLANDERS MAIL.

BRUSSELS, SEPT. B.—His Majesty the King set out
yesterday at half-past four o'clock for Liege. It is
supposed that his Majesty is gone to Aix-la-Chapelle.
where he will meet their Majesties the King and Queen of
Prussia. The'King's absence, it is.said, will be very short.
The British Queen left Antwerp yesterday, at one
o'clock, for New York. Seventeen passengers embarked
at Antwerp, among whom were three young nuns from
r' hee alighted at the Tesi-
nin,g, at seven o'clock,
his Majesty Numur, who are going to the Convent of Saint Louis, at
Cincinnati. We do not know how many passengers have
taken their passage from Cowes.
LlEoEes,ty i n
SEPT. B.Y
dence of the Governor, where he passed the night. This
morning, at seven o'clock, he set out for Cologne, where
the King of Holland has already arrived. This will be the
first time that the Kings of Holland and Belgium have met.'
arrived— e
thiss t
cdiatyY -
. M. Van de Weyer, our Ambassador to the Court Of
Great Britain, arrived here last night with his family
on his way to Aix-la-Chapelle.
BERLIN, SEPT- 6.—The printed list of foreign officepi
who are at head-quarters during the reviews, includes 157
persons. Tile English are much more numerous than
the others, for there are fifty-trine ofthem whom,
besides
besides Lords Westmoreland
and De Grey, there are
five Lieutenant-Generals, two •
Major-Getterals four
Colonels, seven Lieutenant-Colonels,''
two Majors, sixteen
Captains, and nineteen Lieutenants and Ensigns. All
the foreign officers setTh out yesterday and to-day very
early for the cam y all take their meals together
at the Hotel de Ville.
BERLIN, AUG. 31.—Accounts from St. Petersburgh
say that a slight indisposition of his Majesty the Emperor
Nicholas, occasioned by taking cold at a review, had not
had an) ,
serious consequence. His Majesty was already
recovering. His Imperial Highness the Duke of Leuch-
tenberg intended to leave St. Petersburgh with his con-
sort on the Ist of September, and to make a journey to
Italy, passing through Vienna and Munich.
ALEXANDRIA, AUG. 22.—A. squadron is vow getting
ready for sea, which consists of four ships of the tine,
and a number of frigates, corvettes, and brigs. It
is to make evolutions before the harbour. Said
Dacha, who is to command it, is expected from Cairo to-
morrow. Sarni Bey has not yet returned from Con-
stnntinople, but is daily expected. Mehemet Ali seems
to be rather uneasy about the state of Syria, as he fears
that the. Porte may suffer foreign intervention to be
forced upon him, which of course would not be agreeable
to him, because he may hope to recover his influence in
that country if things go on as they have done.
The Nile has now risen so much that Egypt may
expect an abundant harvest, and the prospects of the
merchants are improved.
BELGIAN FUNDS.—BRussets, sm. 9
Actual Debt, 234 per Cent , YIN
Rothschild's Loan, Five per Cent. .. . .. ......
Loan or 'Ehirty Millions, Four per Cent . ......:
m"--------- Three per Cent
-.---.Thirty.seven Milli• ns, ditto
0/ ••••.___ _

—___.--..._.„------
(1840) U2'
R.
Loan of City, 1832, Four per Cent !
Society of Commerce, Four and a Half per Cent efi
Bank of Belgium, Five per Cent 75
National Society —
I..tchttog,... on London (short) .................« -
—Brussels Papers, Sept 9.

HAMBURGH, 12TH AUGUST, 1842.
Taus MAJESTY the EMPEROR of
AUSTRIA,

HIS MAJESTY the EI4IPER.OR of RUSSIA,

AND HIS MAJESTY THi KING OF PRUSSIA,
.Raving A UTHORISED and GUARANTEED several DIS-
TRIBIDITIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, by which,
though they are NO LOTTERIES, LARGE FORTUNES
may be obtained. HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH,
are Selling
GENUINE and WARRANTED SELECTED BONDS

facturing industry has many advantages besides
those of employing an increasing population, and
adding to the value of their estates. We refer
to the subject again on this account, and should
be happy if we had any information of value on
this important subject to lay before our readers.
In fact, manufacturing industry, as it continu-
ally evolves new trades, is an ever new subject,
and neither its advantages nor disadvantages are
accurately known. It has been treated, too,
when examined and discussed, in the spirit of
partizanship. Factory Committees and Truck
Committees have looked only at one narrow
point, and the whole has been condeinned on
very partial evidence. Dr. URE and Dr. TAYLOR,
though his "Notes"form an instructive andvaluable
book, we regret to say have both exhibited a
partizan spirit, and make us suspect that they
have a purpose in view beyond establishing the
truth. All parties, as far as we are aware, have
failed to separate what is essential from what is
accidental to manufacturing industry, which has
thus been made to bear the blame which pro-
perly belongs to a totally different system.
For example, it is well known that manufac-
turing industry in Switzerland is attended with
none of the disadvantages which accompany it
in England. The reason of the difference is to
be found, we believe, in the prior condition of the
people, the different distribution of property
which prevails in the two countries, and the
legislation on food, which is a subject only indi-
rectly connected with manufacturing industry.
We shall advert at present only to the prior con-
'dition of the people.
Our manufacturing districts are filled with
Irish, and the descendants of Irish, and the
wretched prior condition of these people who im-
ported their habits and manners into Liverpool
and Manchester, is the main cause of the
wretched condition of the manufacturing popu-
lation. Their competition with other labourers
necessarily tended to degrade all to their standard.
Nor was the prior condition of the agricultural
labourers of England much better. It is re-
corded, said Sir J. GRAHAM on June 17, " that in
the workhouses in Bedfordshire there were fifty
or sixty able-bodied men in close confinement,
desiring labour but obtaining none ; and even in
Sussex, what was the state of the labouring
classes there ? Why, that they were working in
gravel-pits, dragging their trucks like beasts of
burden." Some of these men, accustomed to live in
workhouses, and drag trucks like beasts of burden,
migrated, as is well known, to the manufacturing
districts, and carried their habits with them.
They improved there, as Sir JAMES GRAHAM
also stated :

It was at a very considerable time after that the
migration which has been spoken of took place. He said
it was at a period of unexampled prosperity in the manu-
facturing districts. Dr. Kay had himself an opportunity
of observing in the manufacturing districts the improved
condition of these people. For a time they worked well,
they shared the prosperity of the district, they were faith-
ful, and their condition was changed to this state from a
state of oppression under which they had suffered in the
agricultural districts, wherethe system of roundsmen pre-
vailed, where they worked, not according to their own
wishes, but were reduced to take what they could get.
They changed their former unhappy condition for several
years of prosperity while the season of manufacturing
prosperity continued ; they had their cottages, and
ample wages ; they subsisted in comfort; and it was not
until the unhappy revulsion which occurred in those
districts, that they were reduced once again to reap the
fruits of comparative misery.

Our manufacturing industry, then, or factory
system, found men " suffering under oppression
in the agricultural districts" of both England and
Ireland, obliged to take what they could get, and
glad to take the much better wages, though still
low, which were offered them in the manufac-
turing districts. Now, when the factory owners
could obtain the services of the landlords' slaves
forverylittle more than the landlords gave them,
why should they give a greater sum ? The com-
petition of the labourers to get the good work
and wages they offered, would not allow
them to give more, and thus it was
the prior condition of the agricultural labourers
in England and Ireland, which determined, in a
great measure, the wage; in the manufacturing
districts, and gave into the hands of the factory
owners a mass of helpless labourers entirely
dependent on their will. They have not treated
them, probably, any better than the landlords.
Thus the degradation of the masses in the manu-
facturing districts is not the consequence of
the species of industry there practised, but of the.
previous condition of those who lived in a state
of oppression in the agricultural districts.

Remembering what the Irish are at home,
and remembering, too, what the English agricul-
tural labourers are, we apprehend that there
must be something morally wholesome in
manufacturing industry, after all the revulsions
inflicted on it by legislation, to have saved these
people 'from destruction, and even to have ele-
vated them and improved their condition. It is
proved, beyond a doubt, that the manufacturing
population, recruited, as it has been, from
the English and Irish peasantry, is now far
above the level of either.

We have said enough, we believe, to show,
which is all we aim at, that the subject of ma-
nufacturing industry requires a much more ex-
tensive investigation than it has yet received, to
enable the public to form a correct opinion of
that peculiar, and, we think, most auspicious, part
of our social condition.