The Sun.
London, England, 1829-11-12 00:00:00

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LONDON,
THURSDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 12, 1829.

We have received the Paris Papers of Mon-
day and Tuesday. They contain accounts from
Constantino? le of the 11th of October, at which
time the capital was tranquil, but some uneasi-
ness was felt by the SULTAN, in consequence of
reported insurrections among the Albanians,
who, under the command of MUSTAPHA
PACHA, were encamped between Phillippoli and
Adrianople, to the number of 30,000, and were
constantly interrupting the communications of
the Russian arms, notwithstanding the orders of
the SULTAN to the contrary. General DIE-
BITSCH complained in strong terms of this
infraction of the treaty—a treaty to which the
PACHA is said to have refused his consent, and
therefore makes reprisals in his own way. In
this state of things the SULTAN must feel himself
very awkwardly situated, but in the meantime he is
anxious to accelerate the evacuation of Roumelia
by using every endeavour to pay the first instal-
ment. According to a private letter inserted in
the Constitutionnel, the necessities of MAII-
MOUD have so far overcome the scruples he had
hitherto entertained, that he has resorted to the
expedient of rifling the tombs of BAJAZET (son
of SOLINIAN Of MUSTAI'HA 111., and of
SErdm 111. It is added, that the result of this
novel method of raising supplies has been a
valuable acquisition to his exhausted treasury.
The following are extracts from the Papers of
Tuesday :
(From the Messager des Cliambres of Tuesday.)
(SECOND EDITION.)

CONSTANTINOPLE, OCT. 10.-Since the ratification of
the peace nothing remarkable has passed here, and the
Turkish Ministry might direct its whole attention to the
means of paying the contribution, and of abridging, as
much as po,sible, the occupation of the fortresses, but for
the warlike ardour which has so unseasonably seized the
Paella of Scutari ; but the tardy zeal of that refractory
satrap has given rise to new complaints from the Russian
General.

Mustapha Pacha is still encamped with his Albanians
between Phillippoli and Adrianople, whence he constantly
disturbs the communications of the Russian army, notwith-
standing the repeated and positive orders of the Sultan to
retire and respect the peace which is concluded ; but this
Pacha seems resolved to tread the treaties under foot, and
continue the war in the midst of peace. He may soon
have reason to repent his rash proceedings ; for he indulges
in vain hopes, and will be sensible, when it is too late, of
the false position in which he has placed himself.
Count Narischkin, Aid-de-camp to General Diebitsch,
arrived in this city some dais ago. Ile is said to be the
bearer of despatches addressed by his General to the Go-
vernment of the Porte, in which he complains, in strong
terms, of the violation of the treaty, and inviting the
Porte to reprimand its vassal, otherwise he, Gen. Die-
bitsch, will be obliged to take measures himself against
Mustapha Pacha. It is said that this despatch bad made
a great impression on the Divan, which immediately sent
several Tartars to the camp at Phillippoli, and their return
is impatiently expected.
The capital is tranquil. Commerce resumes it usual
activity. Merchandize again finds a market, though money
is scarce; but credit makes up for it,
(From the Nuremburg Correspondent.)
_ _ _

CONSTANTINO£LE, OCT. 10.-A Russian Colonel has
arrived here, and has brought news that 300 Russians had
been surprised and cut to pieces by the Albanians of Mus.
tapha Paella's corps, in a little village to the west of
Adrianople. It is useless to add, that this news requires
confirmation.

Paats, Nov. 9.—One of the Ministerial Journals an-
nounces that the convocation of the Chambers seems to be
nearer at hand than was at first believed.

( From the Gazette de France.)

A telegraphic despatch of the Bth, from Marseilles, an-
nounces that the Mayor of Arles, the Baron de Char-
trouse, has been elected Deputy by a majority of 127 votes
out of 202, M. de Preville having '75. The Baron will
sit on the right of the Chamber. Thus, out of six elec-
tions since the nomination of a Royalist Ministry, four be-
long to the Monarchical side. Under the late Ministry,
out of forty re-elections there were only three Royalists.
The Journal des Debate says, that "the Electors of
Tarascon have nobly realised the hopes of al the friends
of Constitutional Monarchy. Local rivalry has been laid
aside, private interests haVe given way to the public inte-
rest, arid the Baron de Chatrouse has been elected."

PARIS STOCK EXCHANGE, Nov. 10.—Five per Cents.,
108 f. 70c. 60c. ; Three per Cents., 831. 85c. 95c. 90e.
85c. 90e. 85c. 90c. ; Bank Stock, 1,9151. 1,920 f. ;
Rentes de Naples, 92f. 50c. 55c. 60c. 92f. 70c. 80e. ;
Rente d'Espagne, 7 71; Royal Spanish Loan, 79;1)/fifi-;
Rente Perp. d'Esp., 571 57 561 57 ; Hay-
tian Loan, 3471. 50c.—Exchange on Lendon, one month,
251. 70e. ; three mouths, 25f. 50e.

The following letter has been received from
the Agent to the North and South American
Coffee-house, dated Buenos Ayres, Sept. 13 :

" In my last I informed yon of the dissatisfaction which
prevailed amongst the Federal Party, relative to the result
of the election for Representatives, and the apprehension
that it might lead to renewed disturbances. Various con-
sultations took place between the Generals Lavalle and
Rosa, and an additional Convention was signed by these
two Chiefs on the 24th of August, annulling the election,
and arranging a new form of Government. The Senate
to oomilt of 24 individuals, named by the Governor from

she most Xstinguislmea c'ass of the country. General
Juan Jose Viatnont was declared Provisional Governor ;
Don Lomas Guido, Don Manuel Garcia, and Don Manuel
Escalada, Min'sters, &c. They accepted office, and were
installed on the 30th ult. Several of the Senators who
have been selected by the new Government, have resigned,
upon the plea that they cannot act in any public capacity
.whilst the country is deprived of its institutions. To this
the Government reply, that in time present state of th,
public mind it is impossible to have any thing like a fait
election. The Government, all of which are decided Fe-
derals, act upon the spirit of conciliation. Lavalle, not-
withstanding he is so obnoxious to the Federal Party, Is
:till in command ; and, amongst the Senators, there are
Federals and seven Unitarians. The mote moderate
men of the latter are satisfied with the Government ; but
the former have considerable aversion to mix with their
opponents, and with to have all their own party in power.
Laval!e's Officers and troops, who caused the fatal lievolu-
, don of Ist December, are now dispersed. Symptoms at
discontent abut pay, &c. were evinced by some of the
Officers, and another attempt at r volution was talked of.
Five hundred of the troops of Rosas marched into the town
from Moron ; and Buenos Ayres, on the 2d of September,
was taken possession of by the Federal soldiers, alias the
Monteneros. Every thing has since that period been per-
fectly quiet, and I see more and more cause to reiterate my
former opinion, that the party 'yclepeel Federal is the
one most likely to keep peace in this country. A number
of the leading men of the Unitarians have withdrawn
from Buenos Ayres, to escape:the revilit4s of the triumphant
party ; and those of the Federals who were banished by
Lavalle's Government have returned. A fracas took
place at the theatre a few evenings since, between some
military Officers of time opposing parties : it had no serious
result. The Government, on the following day, issued a
Decree, prohibiting individuals fm om carrying offensive
weapons, except when on duty. The Ministry are
making efforts to re-establish peace in the provinces of the
Republic, to re-open the communications, by means of the
Post-office, with Chili, Peru, &c., which, since the Ist of
December, have been entirely stopped. The Money Market
feels the dreadful state of things. Doubloons are 87 paper
dollars each. Exchange upon England, Bid. per &Alai..
The other markets are in the saute depressed condition.—
I refer you to our newspapers fir further• information : you
will find them full of official documents and Government
Decrees.
" BRITISH ARRIVALS AT BUENOS AY ES.

t 4 SEPT. s.—The brig Cognac packet, from Liverpool ;
ditto Lima, Smith, from ditto; ditto Henry, Jones, from
ditto.

" CALLINGS.

" /inc. 30.—The British schooner Eleanor, for Liver-
pool.
" SEPT. s.—The brig Caraboo, fur Liverpool ; and the
barque Heighington, for ditio.
" Srrr. B.—The schooner William, fur Liverpool; and
the brig Laurel, Baxter, for Havannah.

"ARRIVALS AT MONTE VIDEO.
" SEPT.—The British brig Thomas DempFey, Coxon,
from Liverpool."

The following are extracts from Buenos Ayres
Papers to the 13th September :

BUENOS AYRES, AUG. 29.

Private letters from the town of Salto del Uruguay. re-
ceived at Monte Video, refer to papers printed at Cor-
rientes, communicating an account of the death of Dr.
Francia, the Dictator of Paraguay, on the 14th of June.
No particulars are given.
SEPT. s.—lt appears that the new Directors of tl e
Bank have a project in contemplation, with a view to
better its credit.

BUENOS AYRES, SEPT. 12.
CIRCULAR FROM THE SECRETARY OF THE
GOVERNMENT.
BUENOS AYRES, SEPT. 9, 1829.

The undersigned Governor and C iptain General has
the honour to address himself to the Governor of the pro-
vince of ---, to communicate to him the happy
termination of the civil war, as a consequence of the ad-
justment contained in the annexed bulletin, in virtue of
which the supreme authority in the province has been
established and recognised in the person of the undersigned.
The Government of Buenos Ayres, in announcing itself
to those who preside in the other provinces of the republic
performs the duty it has sworn, and gratifies its dearest
sentiments, interesting itself not only for the preservation
of peace and good intelligence with all the provinces of
the nation, but also that the connections which unite
them be animated by the spirit of imparti dity,
and sealed by the effect of experience. Unfortunately
the fatal scourge of war continues to afflict innocent pro-
vinces, and the voice of reason and convenience is an ef-
fectual echo lost amidst the clash of parties. Probably the
minds of the people are not yet sufficiently tranquilized to
listen to the warnings of a Government which has been
taught its errors from cruel experience, nor sufficiently
confident to sacrifice their passions to good faith.

But this apprehension, which Heaven grant may prove
unfounded, will not prevent the Government of Buenos
Ayres from anxiously contemplating the present state of
the republic, nor induce it to remain inactive in the fra-
ternal offices which are required, in order to arrive at a
point in which all the interests of the provinces may agree,
and particularly that which the vital honour of the nation
imperiously demands. The Government of Buenos Ayres
will shortly communicate its intentions, through the me.
dium of its Envoys, to the Chief of this Provinre, and
will launch, if necessary, in the midst of contending par-
ties, to take a part in the glory of removing the scandal of
internal commotions, to promote a sincere reconciliation,
and to solicit among the Argentine family, the compacts
which may secure the internal repose, and preserve the
brilliancy of the glorious acts which shed a lustre upon the
history of the country.
But, before entering upon this conduct, the Government
of Buenos Ayres ought, and does, declare before the other
provinces, that whilst the Republic is not constituted by a
general compact, formed by the free voice of the citizens,
and an established Constitution does not determine the
positive duties of each province, its internal policy will be
limited respecting that of the sister provinces, to recognize
the Governments they establish, cultivating their friend-
ship and good wishes, and preserving its provisional insti-
tutions, to defend the rights of its territory, and to lend
its assistance to forward every thing which it considers
useful and salutary for the general good of the Republic,
and of the provinces of Buenos Ayres in particular.
The Government, placed in the midst of a vast theatre
of ruins, caused I.y a sanguinary and prolonged struggle,
and constituted in the obligation of applying itself urgently
to repair the present evils, and to seek resources for reme-
dying imperious necessities, might well justify its acting by
itself if the Administration participated in the local attach-
ments that a spirit of timidity inspires on the experience of
four lustres of uncertainty, but the Government of Buenos
Ayres, without suffering itself to be swayed by the enthu-
siastic idea of its particular interests, and with the 6rai
resolution henceforward to take no other path but that
which experience has proved practicable with respect to
the sentiments which prevail in the nation, without falling
into the extravagance of an ideal policy, without anticipat-
ing the coarse of events, and without opposing itself to
demands founded on general opinion.
The provisional nature of the present Government of
Buenos Ayres, cannot, it is true, impress upon the candid
expression of its sentiments, the respectable zeal of stability,
but the Government believes it risks nothing when it de-
clares, on transmitting them to his Excellency the Governor
of the province of , that it displays the well
known principles to the inhabitants of this province, and
anticipates a pronunciation which it then views of the
question will concentrate the opinions of the Portenos,
when their legal representatives are freely chosen, to ac-
complish which the Government will strenuously exert
itself.

In the mean time the Government of Buenos Ayres
promises itself the most pet feet reciprocity from this meri-
torious province, and trusts that its expectations will not
be defeated by undue influence, and that the pro-
vinces viewing the melancholy vestiges of ambition and
anarchy, will strive to prevent ill defined principles from
being made subservient to sinister purposes, or that they
should again become the means of introducing new disor-
ders into the republic ; and that they will substitute for
the sad essays of a barren theory, institutions prepared by
reflection, seasoned by time, and ratified by the real will of
the people.
The Government of the province of Buenos Ayres having
thus frankly manifested its sentiments to his Excellency the
Governor of , has the honour to salute him with its
particular consideration.
VIAMONT TOMAS GUIDO.
To his Excellency the Governor of the province of
Reports are prevalent that the savage Indians in con-
siderable numbers have made an incursion into the territory
of the province, and it is stated that Colonel Pacheco, with
a regiment of cavalry, and the old escort of the Govern-
ment, ha■ marched against them.

In Patagonia there is no news of importance. The In-
dians had made an attack upon two two estanci is, but
were repulsed.
Late letters from Corrientes give a positive contradiction
to the reported death of Francia, Dictator of Paragu'iy.
A new daily paper called El Lucero, (the Morning
Star) commenced on the 7th September. DI. Mandeville,

die French Consul General, arrived here yesterday on
board the Isis corvette.

Brussels Papers of the 11th November have
been received. The article from Smyrna re-
pecting the Greek sailors merits the best atten-
tion of the Duke of WELLINGTON and the
English merchants. The finger of Russia is
discernable every where, and will, ere long, be
felt with as much political indignation as com-
mercial concern :

BRUSSELS, NOV. 8.

It is affirmed, that in a late assembly of the sections of
the States-General, some members of the southern pro-
vinces positively refused to take part in the discussions
concerning the budget, till their demands respecting the
liberty of instruction shall be complied with.
A letter from the Hague, communicated to the Courier
de la Meuse, confirms the report, that the Council of
State had, in its sitting on the sth, adopted the principle
of the freedom of public instruction.
Nov. 10.—Prince Gallitzin passed through this city
yesterday. on his way from St. Petersburgh to the Hague,
with despatches.
A British Cabinet messenger passed through yesterday
with despatches from London to St. Petersburgh.

SMYRNA, SEPT. 27

Six years of piracy have formed a great number of sea-
men .in Greece, the produce of so many years of pillage,
with the resources furnished by the Powers, especially
France, have enabled the (reeks to equip 600 ship•, which
wait only for the first. signal of peace to crowd all the
ports of Turkey, and under the protection of Bussi t, to
profit by the free navigation of the Black Sea. They will
be able to carry on the trade between Europe and Turkey
upon terms which European speculators cannot contend
with. And here there is no compensation for England,
still less for France.

The following is from our Paris Correspon-
dent :

" rARIS, NOV. 10.

" A telegraphic despatch announces another victory to
the liberal party in the election of the Baron de Char-
trouse, as the Deputy chosen by the Electoral College of
Arles. Of 202 votes the Constitutional candidate had
127, while the Marquis de Gras Preville, the Ministerial
candidate, had only 75. There is indeed some difference
of opinion as to the precise shade or party to which the
new Deputy belongs; the friends of the Ministry assert-
ing that he will sit at the right, while their opponents
aver with equal cunfidence that he will take his place at
the left centre of the Chamber. It is to be presumed that
the electors themselves hare some knowledge of the opi-
nions of the individual they have chosen, and their de-
cided leaning to the side of Liberalism may he gathered
from the fact of their having formerly made choice of the
well-known General Donadieu. There can be no doubt
that the ne.v Deputy is, in the hest sense of the term, a
man of liberal sentiments, as well as of considerable at-
tainments in science, although not likely to identify him-
self with the violent of either party.

" A new election takes place also on the 13th of a suc-
cessor to M. Ravez, in the department of the Gironde, in
which Bordeaux is situated, when the Liberals affirm that
they are sure of success, unless the votes of their party be
divith d by two Constitutional candidates.
" The 14th of January is now mentioned as the pro-
bable period for the commencement of the Session of the
French Chambers, and it seems to be generally under-
stood on all hands that a dissolution will speedily follow.
A letter to this effect, in the Constitutionnel of this morn-
ing, is regarded with considerable confidence, from the
belief that it is derived from a well-informed source. If
the statements it contains be true, the Gazette and the
Quotidienne are not entitled to the official, or half-official,
character which has hitherto been ascribed to them ; and
this view of the matter seems indeed to be confirmed, by
the frequent contradictions which are observable between
them."

We have received German Papers this morn-
ng, but their contents have been anticipated by
;he Express from Paris.

Dr. DOYLE has published another Address
to his countrymen, in which he states that
" throughout the division which extends from
Castle Corner to Mountrath, including seven or
eight parishes of the Queen's County, and some
others of the adjoining diocese of Ossory, there
exists a secret Association, drawn together for
purposes scarcely known to those who compose
it, and having no specific object, unless it be to
prevent the reduction of wages, and the ejection
of tenants from their holdings. This Associ-
ation,"—the reverend and accomplished writer
goes on to say,—" consists of considerable num-
bers chiefly of the labouring class, and includes
within it, besides the ignorant and undesigning,
every person heretofore noted in his neighbour-
hood for the corruption of his morals, or the
general depravity of his character. In this
Association, Catholics and Protestants arc, I
am told, united. They assemble in considerable
numbers at night, in remote or unfrequented
places, to deliberate or consult together, to issue
or receive orders. The plunder of arms is with
them a favourite object, and in carrying it into
effect, they guard against detection by employing
individuals of their body, unknown to those
whose houses or property are destined for
attack." This is a dreadful state of things,
and one that cannot be contemplated without a
shudder. While, however, Dr.Dovr.,E reprobates
in an eloquent, earnest, and dignified tone of sere-
rity, the existence of such associations, he partially
accounts for them by stating, what even Orange-
men are now beginning to find out, that Ireland
has for centuries groaned under a most intoler-
able and persevering system of misrule. " In
Ireland, unhappily, fob many centuries the
labouring classes have been generally in a state
of privation, or of distress, so great as to tempt
them to the commission of very grievous crimes.
Whenever the pressure of this want was lighten-
ed, crime diminished—and when entirely re-
moved, our countrymen, whether at home or
abroad, were generally able to extricate them-
selves from their old and national habits. In-
deed, the Irish of every class are naturally in-
clined to virtue, lovers of justice, fond of peace,
social, generous, confiding ; but distress, a want
of protection, and a want of food, have often
perverted many of them—have goaded them
into resistance of every law, or hurried them on
to the commission of the greatest crimes ; from
these causes have sprung those numberless com-
binations and associations, whether private or
public, which have hitherto contrived to retard
the itnprovement, and degrade the character of
our country." In these few spirited and cotn-
prel►ensive observations is comprised the whole
history of Ireland's domestic calamities. Li-
terally speaking, she has been for years, and still
is, an unprotected colintry. The law which
with us is wont to be beneficial, at any rate im-

partial, is to Ireland a matter almost exclusively
of party feeling. An Orange taint deforms her
Judicial Bench ; an Orange taint warps the
hearts and understandings of her magistracy.
When to this we add the present state of the
law as regards the relations between landlord
and tenant ; when we remember, that in order
to extend his parks, improve the gentility of his
neighbourhood, or heighten the aristocratic tout
ensemble of his estates, the landlord may at will—
and but too frequently avails himself of his
power to do so —blight the prospects of a poor
but happy tenantry, dispossess them of their
little all, turn them loose and unsheltered on the
world, NNith nothing between them and utter
ruin but the chance and degrading security af-
forded by combination, and it may be murder :
When we come to remember all this, and re-
member, in addition, that it is no uncommon
case in Ireland, but a visitation of almost daily
occurrence, we shall find no difficulty in account-
ing for that revolting system of combination
which exists in so many parts of the country.
But while we can thus trace the origin, we arc
far indeed from wishing to extenuate the conti-
nuance of such combinations. They arc fraught
with ruin to all connected with them ; are beacons
to light the law to its prey, and so far from
quickening, can, in reality, only retard the pro-
gress of national improvement. On this point
we coincide heartily with Dr. DOYLE.

" What are the consequences likely to arise from
your present line of conduct, if persevered in? This is
the third point which I promised to discuss with you. I
have already touched upon so►ne of those consequences,
when I said that while your combinations continued no
improvement, whether of a public or private nature, could
be effected in the country ; and this is so manifest as not
to require pi oof. No man sows seed in a whielwind, or
places his gocds for security in a den of thieves ; neither
does any man expend his money in a disturbed country, or
seek to improve his lands or houses where his property is
not secure. The gaols may grow up about us, courts of
justice may rise in our villages, police stations may be
built at all our cross-roads, but the mansion of the noble.
man will decay, the farm-house will be unroofed and un-
tenanted, the manufactory will be silent, the shop will
be closed, and the shepherd's song, or the hum of in-
dustry will be heard no more. Barrenness will come
upon the land, ruin upon the villages, the towns will be
des:ft ttd, the rich will fly away from us; the poor will
wither, will pine away and die of want; Religion her-
self will desert ►►s, for she cannot inhabit with crime,
and Ireland will become, as she often was before, a
bleak wilderness, inhabited only by the remnants of power
on the one side, and the dregs of wretchedness on the
other, who will seem to live as they do in hell, only t ►
hate and curse each other."

After exhorting his countrymen in an earnest
and affectionate strain, to forswear all associa-
tions having for their object robbery, violence,
or murder, Dr. DOYLE goes on to institute a
comparison between the past and the present
state of Ireland, in the course of which he
alludes in a powerful and benignant spirit to the
repeal of the Penal Code, and with equal benig-
nity of feeling atttempts to extenuate the conduct
of the wealthy landlord, while he advocates with
the utmost energy of purpose, the cause of the
impoverished tenant.
" In past times the poor were tempted to combine,
and their combination when ripe for destruction, was al-
ways destroyed by its own depravity, or the application of
force. Laws were then enacted suited to the time and the
popular disease. These laws were enforced with a spirit
similar to that which presided over their enactment, but
they were effectual for their end. They quelled the insur-
rection, or rooted out for the while the spirit of combina-
tion. But when that was done no one thought of in-
quiring into the wants of the people, or of investigating
or removing the causes which tempted the poor and the
miserable to associate. But now it is not so. The
greatest cause of our nationsl misfortunes has been re-
moved. The Penal Code has been repealed, the road to im-
provement in Ireland is now open, nay the work itself of im-
provement is already commenced; the minds of all men
are engaged in devising means whereby the condition of
the people may be bettered ; and the King's Government,
which has made all his subjects equal before the law, is
now anxiously intent on providing us with the means of
living as becomes the members of a free State. In other
times, beloved brethren, if I saw you distressed and in
want, or driven by oppression to combine, I might hesi-
tate before I would take up the arms of the Gospel, lest in
the employment of them I should seem to range myself on
the side of guilt in power, against guilt in dislrsrs. But
now, no such feeling damps my zeal, or makes my heart
faulter whilst my tongue would speak. No; this is the
period of the resurrection of our country. We may now,
as heretofore, feel pressure and distress, but our pressure
and distress are no longer the forerunners of despair.
They are now like the throes of a woman in labour, sharp
and severe, but, if borne with patience and fortitude, tip.),
will end in a little time, and the remembrance of them
will be lost in the joy arising to us from the improvement
of our country. I know as well as you do how unreason-
able and how unfeeling has been the ejection of tenants from
their holdings. I have wept over the scenes of distress which
this system of ejection has presented. I have seen the
mother houscless, and the child starving. I have heard
the howl of the widow in despair, and have seen the or-
phan left without a father. All this and more was caused
by itl; but we must not bring back those images to our
recollection, nor should you be led by them into acts of
retaliation or revenge. Riches, like poverty, are a
source of great temptation ; they blind the understand-
ing, and by filling the heart with pride, harden it against
the feelings of mercy and compassion. The rich feel their
own right in their fullest extent, and as if they imagined
that all other men and things were created for their use,
they fail to respect those rights of others which are as
sacred as their own. Thus, while they expel the wretch-
ed tenant from his cabin, that they may extend their parks,
or enlarge their farms, they imagine that they exercise only
their just right, as if any right of property could be exer-
cised to the destruction of human life. It is like a man
who having a right to ride his own horse upon the high-
way, supposed that in the exercise of this right he could
ride over and trample upon the foot-passengers, as if they
too had not their right as sacred as his own. That the
rich have thus, like the poor, too often yielded to the
temptations excited by power and wealth, is, alas! but
too certain ; and what is more painful is, that though
every person is ready to reprove the errors and punish
the delinquencies of the poor, there but few dis-
posed, and still fewer prepared, to declare to the
great their sine, and to the powerful 'their crimes. With
toe it is not so; I tell you► freely of your own errors and
transgressions, but I do not wish to conceal from myself
nor from the public, that transgression and crime are not
confined to you, and that he who goads you into a resist-
ance to good order and the law has his full share in the
common stock of guilt. Do not, however, infer from
what I have said, that the owners of land are not justified
in the ejection of a tenant or tenants who run into arrears,
who neglect to cultivate their land, or who are disabled,
by their own negligence or expeuce, from fulfilling the
contract into which they have freely entered. If land-
lords were not entitled and even called upon, in justice
to themselves and their own families, to eject such te-
nants, and let their lands to others more industrious and
deserving, all rights of property would have ceased ;
goods would become common to all people; and theft,
robbery, and injustice, would cease to be forbidden
by the laws of God and man. You need not be
told that this cannot happen—and yet it is not more
impossible than it would lie to deny to the landlord
the right of ejecting his tenantry and of setting his land.
It is the too rigorous exercise of this right by landlords,
which sometimes degenerates into injustice and even
cruelty. When men, through religious bigotry, or an
inordinate lust of gain, drive an honest and industrious
tenantry into bogs or morasses—or when, urged by pride
and selfishness, they send the widow and the orphan to