The Sun.
London, England, 1842-01-19 00:00:00

NEW STRAND THEATRE.
OPEN EVERY EVENING.

Brilliant Success—More Novelties—Extraordinary attraction.
First appearance of the British Cup Bell Ringers, four in
number, who perform the most delightful music on Sixteen

Bells of peculiar construction.
MR. JACOBS, the ROYAL VENTRILOQUIST and
GREAT MAGICIAN, will thin week surpass all his former
dons, by the New Feats he purposes introducing. His Ne-
cromancy deceives even the most acute vision ; and wonderful,
truly wonderful, are the wcrds used by all beholders. His Ven-
triloquism is unequalled; and his imitation of twelve persons
the greatest novelty of the day. To which are added :—The
Classical Groutinge.of the-THREE PATAGONIAN WON-
DERS—The- Comic Dance of the UNITED SERVICE
CLUB—And Mona. ROSSEAU, the Celebrated FRENCH
EQUILIBRLST 1•

Doors open at Half-past Six, commence at Seven. Boxes,
2s. 6d. • Children, Is. 6d. Pit, Is. 641. ; Children, Is. Gal-
lery, 6‘. Clo-e .Ten, Minutes to Eleven.

COSMORAMA ROOMS (ROOM 7), 209, REGENT-
STREET,
THE IVORY MODEL OF THE TAGE MURAL,
. . _

or Crown of Edifices, at AGRA, in the East Indies.
" There is at present an Exhibition at 209, Regent-street,
u elaborate a Model as was ever perhaps presented to pub-
lic view. It is a copy, in ivory, of the celebrated 'rage
Mahal, one of the most remarkable edifices in modern Agra,
erected in 1650 by Khan Shah Jehatt, the fifth Great Mogul,
as the cemetery of his favourite wife, Sultana Mehd Aliya.
This mausoleum is built entirely of white marble, an i some
idea may be formed of its splendour, when it is stated to have
cost in its erection 60 lees of rupees, or 75C,0001 The Model
occupies a space of nine square feet, and its height is six feet.
It is the work of Indian artists, and while in point of extent it
is unmatchable, it is also one of the finest specimens of that
minuteness of detail and delicate manipulation for which Indian
ivory working is so noted. The amount of labour bestowed on
this model must have been immense. It is not the hasty pro-
duct of a day,' but the result of many years' patient applica-
tion. All the multitudinous carvings and inlayings of the ori-
ginal building are expressed in the copy with every appearance
of exactness ; nor is the resemblance limited to the outside
alone: tho interior is also finished in the same minute style,
and contains the tombs of the Shah and his Consort, exqui-
sitely and elaborately worked. On the whole, this model pre-
sents a surprising and beautiful effect, and forms one of the
most interesting exhibitions in the metropolis. "-_Morn. Chron.
Open ,from Ten to Six o'clock. Admission, Is. Book, 6d.

THE RAILWAY SUN
IS NOW RE-PUBLISHING,
PRICE SIXPENCE.

TB E CHINA SUN,

AND THE
PARLIAMENTARY SUN,

ARE STILL ON SALE,
PRICE SIXPENCE EACH.
Sun Office, Jan. 19, 1842.

TO CORRESPONDENTS.
The Review of Mr. Maillard's book on Texas was writ-
ten subsequent to a careful perusal of it, by a gentle-
man wholly unacquainted with the writer's disputes
with any party relative to that country. His opinion
of it remains unaltered. We cannot, therefore ad-
mit any controversy in our columns on the subject.

_
THE WEATHER.—Noox, JANUARY 18.
ROYAL GALLERY OP SCIENCE, ADELAIDE-STREET.
Thermometer... 22 i Highest 3B j Lowest 24
Barometer 3002..—Wind S.W.—Freezing Point 22 Deg.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY.
Writing ;0..12 minutes after 6 I Evening 30 minutes aftcr fti

LONDON:
WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 19, 1842.

In the domestic history of a great commercial
people, the laying of the first stone of a mercan-
tile edifice, which will form the centre of the
commercial world, is an event worthy of joyous
commemoration; and it therefore affords us plea-
sure to be able to refer to the dinner at the
Mansion-house on Monday, at which the Consort
of our beloved Sovereign, the Cabinet Ministers,
several of the clergy, and the civic dignitaries were
present, to show how very generally such an
opinion pervades the public mind of England.
The enthusiasm manifested by all classes on the
occasion of laying the first stone of our new
Royal Exchange, was a genuine tribute of re-
spect paid to the spirit of British commerce.
Many guests at the Mansion-house dinner, no
doubt, thought only of the presence of an illus.
frious Prince, who is daily more and more
endearing himself to the people of his
adopted country ; some others went there
impelled by an appetite for turtle-soup
and champagne i but the majority of the
guests, lay and clerical, sought
. only to con-
nect their names with the foundation of au edi-
fice sacred, to the principles of a free commercial
intercourse with all the nations on the face of
the earth. Whatever the landholders may say,
they have here an indication of the avidity with
which the Throne and the Altar cling to the ad-

vantages of peaceful commerce. They may, if they
A 4.please, call the Royal Exchange the Temple of
).._.2,folatititut we. challenge them to point out a
f any other character, at ivhic.h there
_ 54,

' was a greater concourse of Tory Cabinet
moreabinet dis
Minis-
ters,tin.. or at which a Tory
guished himself than did the
Notßig but
tutthatßev.
wDie..
BLOMFIELD on this occasion.
highly approve of the conduct of the Cabinet,
and his Prelatical Lordship of London. Com-
merce is the soul of Great Britain, and whatever
contributes to elevate its character at home, and
to extend its ramifications abroad, claims the
countenance and support of the Government,
the clergy, and the people of this country. The
new Royal Exchange is an emblem of free
trade—of the advantages which nations derive
from extended commercial intercourse. No
blood-stained trophies are destined to defile its
walls; and its thronged halls will attest the
progress of civilization in every part of the
world to which its ramifications may extend.
Of the speeches delivered at the dinner, the
best we can say is that they all breathed an
earnest desire for the continuance of peace. The
Duke of WELLINGTON acknowledged that 'he had
seen enough of war, and trusted that the sword
would never again be drawn in his day. We
cordially reciprocate this wish, which we are
well assured is the wish of every honest man
in this country. Lord Mayor's dinners are
so proverbial for sumptuousness that
no room is left for any comment on yes-
terday's entertainment at the Mansion-house,
save that the Chief Magistrate, despite his party
politics, conducted himself with a degree of ur-
banity towards all his guests, and with a kind-
ness towards the public Press throughout, which
cannot but add to the admiration universally en-
tertained of his Lordship's excellent private cha-
racter.

It was properly and forcibly represented by
Mr. SMITH, in pleading against CHARLES SOUTH-
WELL, at Bristol, that religion is the great re-
straint on human passions on which society de-
pended for its security. Hence the State establishes
and pays a public body of clergymen. This
opinion is very generally promulgated by the
landlords, and by all those who, enjoying the
advantages of positive institutions, rely on laws
enforced by religion for safety and protection.
Whatever weakens its power over the mind is,
therefore, severely condemned ; and to punish
Mr. SOIAHWELL for putting forth writings ac-
cused of producing that effect, was the object of
prosecuting him. We must, on this account,
call attention to a passage in the speech of a Dr.
TAYLOR, delivered at the Edinburgh Conference,
as an illustration of the effects of the Corn-laws
in weakening the influence of religion on the
mind. That they keep grown up people from
church, and children from school, on account of
the wretched poverty they induce, has been
proved at every meeting at which the condition
tof the people has been described. That they,
therefore, deprive the young of education, and
the mature of religious admonition, is one of their
most certain effects. But, besides this, they are
in their own nature so contrary to the precepts
of religion, that religious teachers find it ex-
tremely difficult to enforce the doctrines of re-
ligion without attacking the authority- of law.
Dr. TAYLOR said, and we have no doubt that si-
milar observations must have occurred to a great
number of those whose ministration lies with the
poor—

That the privations of the lower classes, and suffer-
ings, tend to harden their minds against religious im-
pressions was so fully his conviction, that he declared
he felt himself very much hampered and fettered in his
attempts to inculcate doctrinal and practical Christian-
ity on his people. A few details would best illustrate
the point. A minister surely did not go beyond the
range of his commission when he enjoined contentment;
but he felt that at present he could not do so without
at first attempting to demulce their spirits, as Baxter ex-
presses it, by a clumsy and awkward, and, in other cir-
cumstances most unseasonable preface, setting forth
what contentment does not imply—thereby very likely
commencing a train of reflections and awakening emo-
tions which he feared might go far to nullify the sub.
sequent exhortation. When speaking of the bounty of
divine Providence in satisfying the wants of everything
that lives, he had felt constrained to say that the des-
titution many of them were experiencing proceeded
from laws enacted not by God but by man, and
rect contravention of the divine law; and thui,'initead of 1
calling forth gratitude to the Deity, there. was' thinger
of exciting resentment against a portiOn'of their fell w-`
creatures, an effect exceedingly to be deprecated, but
still necessary to be chosen as the least of evils ; for, at
all hazards and at all costs, the government of God
must be cleared from imputation and suspicion.—
(Cheers.) He had felt restrained, when conducting
public worship, from, in so many words, blessing God for
filling our hearts with food and gladness, lest, instead
of exciting feelings of devotion towards the Giver of all
Good, it might only kindle indignation against those
who intercept his bounties, and are regardd by many
of the people as being to them the authors of all evil.
Again,. he, for one, hed that the ordinances of religion
are, -by the appointment of its Founder, to be main-
tained by the contributions of those who enjoy them—
that it is the part of Christianity that he who is taught
in the word should communicate to him that teacheth in
all go'od things. But how could one inculcate this on
people in such circumstances as we have been hearing
of ? Might they not reply, " That law of Christ has
been, for the present, practically abrogated, in our
case, by a law of the British Legislature ? The
Corn-laws have, in the meantime, suspended that
ordinance of the Savour, as fir as we are
concerned. We have no good things, in which to
communicate, and therefore the passage does not apply
to us?" Or how can we at present call on them to
honour the Lord with their substance by contributing
to the cause of missions, when it is manifest that, though
their circumstances were vastly better than they are,
they might at once cut us short by quoting the Scrip-
tures, " If any provide not for his own, and specially for
those of his own house, he !lath denied the faith, and is
worse than an infidel." Nay, though there is clearly
no proper connection between a scarcity of the bread
that perisheth and the free and pressing offers of that
which endureth unto everlasting life, yet the mere juxta-
position of the two will, in some minds, augment their
aversion to the latter. Just picture to yourselves a
family in want—the unemployed head of it, with his wife
and children, sitting shivering around, not the fire, but
the place where a fire should have been, enduring the
cravings of hunger, and well nigh maddened by oppres-
sion—conceive a minister, in these circumstances, enter-
ing the dwelling to urge them to seek the salvation of
the soul us the one thing needful, and who that has any
acquaintance with human nature, or any sympathy with
its kind, will not see that he must feel embarrassed
and impeded in the discharge of the appropriate duty of
his office ? -
So the "ministers of religion cannot preach the
hope, of .salvation,to those who are enduring the
cravings ,a,,hunger; they cannot- call on their
congregationsv-to bless' GOD for his goodness, lest,
by contrast,' -they excite anger against men;
and they cannot inculcate contentment under
the dispensations of Providence without the risk
of exciting re volt against human authority. Those
ministers practically and daily feel that the pfe•
cepts of religion and the law of the land are at va-
riance, and at length they have been driven pub-
licly to take a part, and at " all hazards and at
all costs," as Dr. TAYLOR says, " to clear the
government of GOD from imputation and suspi--
cion." We are bound, as the Conference is as-
sailed by our Tory ContemporarieS with much'
ribaldry, to express our cordial aPproi,al of
its doctrines, and to assert that those who yin
dicate, as it has done, the authority of, reli-
gion, render to society, on the principle of their
opponents, the most essential service. The mo..
nopolists maintain that if the authority of rell-
° tsion be destroyed, society will be endangered
and that can only be preserved by getting rid 01
unjust laws, which contravene it, and bring, at
one and the same time, the authority of law and
religion into disrepute.
We are bound also to vindicate these gentlemen
from the censure of our Tory Contemporaries.
The Times calls on the LORD ADVOCATE to pro-
secute them, because the Rev. Mr. MARSHALL
asked—were such laws as the Corn-laws to be
obeyed? The Post, with brutality commensurate
to its fear, declares that they ought to
be whipped at the cart's-tail. Those who, by
means of the laws, would punish men for dif-
fering from them in opinion, would be assassins
if they were not also cowards. It is not new in
the history of Scotland that the beloved minis-
ters of the people are subjected to contumely
by the minions of faction ; but it will be some-
thing new it such insults and injuries as those
heaped on the people and their ministers by the
Tory press do not fire their blood, and make
them ten-fold more zealous and more vehement

in denouncing the irreligious laws against which
they have now tak,4l their stand.

Those ministers have emphatically declared
that the Corn-laws are an unrighteous robbery;
that they are a national sin ; and they have
asked, Ought such laws to be obeyed ? This is
their- offence. They did not give the answer•
We will boldly say, that ldWs of that description

ought not to be obeyed. They ought never to
be enacted. We have said as much before. We
have already put the case of another HEROD
orderipg the assassination of infants, which order
men would be justified in resisting. The
.minis-
ters of religion in Scotland call the Corn-law a
national sin---a monstrous iniquity; it is, therefore,
an action of the same species in their estima-
tion, but, perhaps, not quite so atrocious, as the
law of HEROD; and they would not be consist-
ent if they did not conclude that it is a crime
to obey such a law, if it be possible successfully
to resist it.

It is useless for the Tories to rave about se-
dition, and men having too much liberty. The
really seditious persons are the men who make
iniquitous laws; those who have too much liberty
are the law-makers. Their despotism can
only be met by an assertion of liberty on
the part of those who think it wrong to
be bound by their decrees. For them is claimed
the power not only of making laws, but of de-
ciding on the propriety of: obedience. But the
claim cannot be realized. It is impossible to
deprive men of their right and power to decide
for themselves, if they will take the consequences
whether or not they will obey a law. That cir-
cumstance cannot be altered ; and if the Anti-
Corn-law men were able to resist the Pro-Corn-
law men, they would be justified in doing it to-
morrow.

" The justice," says Paley, " of every particular case
of resistance is reduced to a computation of the danger
and grievance on the one side, and of the probability and
expense of redressing it on the other. But who shall judge
of this? We answer every man for himself. In con-
tentions between the Sovereign and the subject, the
parties acknowledge no common arbitrator, and it would
be absurd to refer the decision to those whose own inte-
rest, authority, andfate are immediately concerned in it."
It is one of the worst consequences of the
Corn-laws that they provoke inquiries into the
duty of political obedience—into the right of
property—into the authority of the law, as con-
tradistinguished from the authority of religion,
at a time when the people are almost maddened
by hunger and despair. From such investiga-
tions no danger can arise, when people are pros-.
perous and well fed ; but now to provoke them
by threats, insults, and injuries, is full of danger
to the commonwealth. On their heads be the
guilt who maintain the law which withholds
food from the people, and assert for the law-
givers a power to make such laws unquestioned
and unresistcd.

The laying of the first stone of the New
Royal Exchange excites, by a comparison with
the past, some little regret for a very marked
alteration in the relative position of the citizens.
Queen ELIZABETH was received and entertained
by Sir THOMAS GRESHAM; Prince ALBERT was
received and entertained by Mr. Alderman
PIRIE, who, though an estimable man, has not
earned for himself a niche in history. So
far as the building is concerned, Sir THOMAS
seems to have been represented by Mr. LAM-
BERT JONES, and he is a gentleman even less
known to fame than Mr. Alderman PIRIE.
" The Queen's Merchant," as Sir THOMAS
was called, was, in his time, perhaps a greater
man than ROTHSCHILD and BARING united.
We are told that he at one time so operated on the
exchanges on Antwerp, that he saved his Sove-
reign vast sums of money. On another occa-
sion he managed, by his extensive commercial
correspondence, to exhaust the tills of all the
merchants of Genoa, and lay up in idleness for
a whole season, because funds could not be ob-
tained to equip it, an armament that was to be
directed against. England. Mr. Alderman PIRIE'S
services to the State are limited to a few adjudi-
cations on the Bench, and those of Mr. LAMBERT
JONES are better known to the Corporation than
to the public.
Though some of our princely merchants, who
may be compared to Sir THOMAS, took part in the
festival, they dishonour the City by standing
aloof from alt civic dignities. To that, perhaps,
we may attribute the alisence of every other ora-
tion on the- memorable occasion than the Chap-
lain's prayer, which, besides being tinged with
the superstition so profitable to the clergy that
GOD can bd bribed by men giving him their sub-
stance, was not sufficient to commemorate such
an important event. Neither the LORD MAYOR
nor Mr. JONES was competent, we presume,
though it could have been admirably done by
Mr. JONES LLOYD, to pronounce an appropriate
discourse on the immense advantages of com-
merce, to which the City of London was about
to erect a temple. For the honour of their call-
ing, the princely merchants and princely bankers
of the metropolis ought, like Sir THOMAS GRES-
HAM to share the duties and the honours, of the
Corporation, and if possible restore it to its .an-
cien t dignity.

It may be useful also to notice that the leading
idea of the ceremony, performed by the father of
our future Kings, himself all but a King, assisted
by great statesmen, is that of political power
protecting and honouring traffic. It was ex-
pressed by the Chaplain in the first sentence of
his prayer, when he spoke of the ALMIGHTY,
whose vicegerents on earth Kings are, " having
raised up great cities, until their merchants and
traffickers are the honourable of the earth." It
was reproduced when Sir R. PEEL, the First Mi-
nister of the Crown, referred to that foundation-
stone as " the centre of attraction to which the
commerce of the world will gravitate." It was
re-echoed, when the journals of the day de-
scribed it as "inaugurating with fitting honours
the spot where the greatest merchants of the
greatest city of the greatest trading people ever
known, are to congregate for time to come." It
was the professed homage of all the instruments
and organs of political power in the State to the
huxtering and bartering of humble tradesmen.
So considered, too high honour, in return, cannot
be rendered to the Royal Prince, to the dignified
statesmen. and to the bishops and clergy gene-
rally, enriched by traffic, who, by their presence,
acknowledged their duty to protect and foster, in
accordance with justice, the meanest industry of
the people.
But the statesmen and the clergymen, who by
their presence, acknowledged their obligations
io traffic, must either have been the most
ignorant or the most unfeeling men alive, if they
could witness the ceremony without sorrow,
shame, and remorse. The Chaplain spoke of
" God having prospered our commerce ;" the
yeports, which..we . yesterday published of the
state of trade in Scotland, and which we have of
late frequently published, of the lamentable con-
dition of a great Portion of industrious England,
Convict the Chaplain of an error, or the deposi-
taries of political power of a crime. Commerce
is--Ro..now, prospering. From all sides, we have
the most, deplorable accounts of distress. Traffic
is only the exchange of the- surplus products of
induStry, -a:nd can only increase as they increase.
BUt the "statesmen who then honoured traffic are
the patrons of -restrictions which limit and cur-
tail it. By a policy not susceptible of defence,
they wilfully doom-to:decay, and probable anni-
hilation, those manufactUres'which are the pabu-
lum .of traffic. There stalks around them the
gaunt evidence of their guilt, and they . em-
blazoned it by their display. The leading idea
brought before the public by the great ceremony:
seems only to have been conjured up to brand
with reprobation the political agents, who assisted
at it.

We have received the Paris papers, together
with Madrid journals of the 9th instant. All the
important paragraphs contained in them are
given in our Foreign Summary.
The following is the article for which the re-
sponsible Editor and Printer of the Charivari—
the Paris " Punch"—have been condemned by
the Government, the former to two years' impri-
sonment and a fine of 1601., and the latter to six
months' imprisonment and a fine of 801.:

" The cross of the Legion of Honour has just been given
to M. Hebert ; there is a talk of granting the same to
the executioner. This is the recompense for his efforts
in procuring the condemnation of Dupoty—an easy
triumph. The jury would not have been convinced
by that mixture of gall, bile, absurdity, and extra-
vagance, M. Hebert's requisitory. But the Court of
Peers Leing an exceptional tribunal, could not be con-
vinced by eloquence and logic, both exceptional. So that
M. Hobert's was an easy triumph, and the racotppense
nc t very brilliant. A Cross of the Legion of Honour is the

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