The Sun.
London, England, 1829-10-31 00:00:00

Match-100 sovs. h. ft. B.C. Bst. 71b. each.

Mr. Greville's Varro (J. Day), beat Sir M. Wood's
John de Bart (Buckle), by two lengths. 6t04 on the
loser.

Match-100 sovs. D. M.

Lord Worcester's Juryman, Sst. 21b. (Robinson), 1;eal
the Duke of Portland's Harlequin, Bst. 101 b. (J. Day)
cleverly. 2 to 1 on the loser.
_

Match-50 sovs. T. Y. C.

Sir M. Wood's Rosary, Bst. 21b. (Buckle), beat the
Duke of Portland's Caller, Bst. 71b. (J. Day), in a canter.
7 to 4 on Caller.

The Audley End Stakes of 30 soya. each. A.E. C.
Duke of Rutland's Cadland
Lord Chesterfield's Zinganee
Sir M. Wood has bought Cetus for 3,000 guineas.

HUNTING INTELLIGENCE.
APPOINTMENTS FOR THE ENSUING WEEK.

His Majesty's Stag Hounds, on Monday, at Welling-
ton-bridge, Virginia-water ; and Friday, at New Lodge,
Winkfield—at Half-past Ten.
Sir John Cope's Hounds, on Monday, at the Bottle,
Oakingliarn ; Wednesday, at Short Heath, Sulhamstead ;
and Friday, at Compton—at Half-past Ten.
Captain Freeman's Harriers, on Monday, at Childrey
Fuize Tuesday, at Chilton Pond ; Wednesday, at Church
Dianny Field ; and Saturday, at Clanfield—at Eleven.
Sir Richard Sutton's Hounds, on Monday, at Glen-
worth ; Tuesday, at Sudhrook-house and Kenwick Thorn
Bar ; Thursday, at Saxilby and Barrell Village ; and Sa-
turday, at Clay Bridges—at Eleven.
The Cambridgeshire Hounds, on Monday, at Caxton
Gibbet ; and Friday, at White Wood—at Half-past Ten.
The Puckeridge Hounds, on Monday, at Hacle End ;
Wednesday, at Wadesmill ; and Saturday, at Aston Bury.
The Royston Harriers, on Tuesday, at Royston
; and Thursday, at. Wallington—at Half-past Ten.
The Cottesmore Hounds, on Monday, at Clipsham
Woad ; Tuesday, at Tilton Wood ; and Thursday, at
Uffington Wood—at a Quarter before Eleven.
Lord Yarborough's Hounds, on Monday, at St tiling-
borough Hall; Wednesday, at Thonock House; Friday, at
Wootton House ; and Saturday, at Ludborough—at Eleven.
The Brighton Harriers on Monday, at Patcham; Wed-
nesday, at the Race Course ; and Friday, at the Dyke—at
Half-past Ten.
The Brookside Harriers, on Monday, at Newmarket-
Hill ; Wednesday, at Asheombe, the alternate Wednesday
at the Kennel ; and Friday, at Telscombe Tye—at Half-
past Ten.

- Mr. Wick.ted's Fox Hounds, on Tuesday, at Boar's
Head, Walkerton; and Friday, at Checkley Village—at
Half-past Ten.

The Cheshire Hounds, Monday, at Sandiway Head ;
Wednesday, at Ox Hayes Farm ; Friday, at Duddoa
Heath ; and Saturday, at Highwayside—at Ten.
I Mr. Meynell's Hounds, on Monday, at the Flourish;
Thursday, at Morl•y Turnpike; and Saturday, at Mark-
eaton—at Half-past Ten.
The Conoek Harriers, on Monday, Beckham' Furze;
and Friday, at Imber Furze—at Eleven.
The Kempstone Hounds, on Monday, at Mr. Wright's,
Rougham ; Wednesday, at Sporle Mill; and Friday, at
Norton Hall--at Eleven.
Sir Jacob Astley's Hounds, on Monday, at Duker's
Bridge ; and Friday, at Guist Bridge—at Eleven.

SPIRIT OF THE PUI3LIC JOURNALS.

By the last accounts from Ireland, the dread-•

ul Cork trials were proceeding ; and whatever

!nay be the issue of them, as concerns the ma-
jority of the prisoners under prosecution, it la

beyond all question, as we presume will be ge-
nerally admitted, that a conspiracy does or did
exist, more cold-blooded and systemath in its

fierce atrocity than has at almost any period
within our recollection been brought under thq
cognizance of justice. The feature of this whole
body of transactions, which appears to be most
characteristic of the scene and people,✓--that is,

f the social state of Ireland,—seems to be the

pen, and as it were instinctive confidence, N7ith

which a conspiracy to murder men belonging to
ine class of the community, is carried on in the
presence, and with the apparent knowledge, of

all whom chance may bring across the con-
spirators, provided they are members of the
other great division,—namely, that which is
not gentleman. The men who were con-
victed in the first of these trials, and (as
is alleged at least) those with respect to whom
a difference of opinion existed among the Jury
on the second, were mad enough—so would
they be considered here—to administer and teke
oaths, and sign their names to papers, and baud
those papers about from one to another, with-
out even affecting apprehension or concealment,
in public-houses and tents, where a thousand
eyes and ears might witness, and a thownind
memories register, their proceedings,—proceed'
ings, the least criminal of which, if proved,
would inevitably condemn the parties whom
they implicated to the gallows. There is no
illustration on record more palpable than that
afforded by the trials now referred to, of the
utterly disjointed, or, rather, un-united condi-
tion of the portion of mankind, who, from simul-
taneously inhabiting Ireland, have been for
many ages miscalled the " Irish nation." There
is, alas ! as yet no nation in that extraordinary
land. There are two races,—two vocabulaiies,—
two series of traditions,—two creeds,--two sys.
tems of public opinion,—two codes of jurispria
dence,—two standards of public good. Oi
these several points,—and they are fundamenta
points in the form and growth of nations,—the
Irish gentleman and Irish peasant do not merely
differ, they contend. The policy of those who
for centuries governed Ireland, and the passions
of those on whom the Government operated,
have displayed a perpetual re-action : and the
result is, that separation has widened into ac.
tual warfare. In such circumstances, it has been
taken for granted, so far as we can judge from
the evidence on various trials, and above most
others on these now under our view, that any
individual of the lower orders of Irishmen who
could feel another sentiment than that of sym-
pathy with the most desperate scheme of pillage
or bloodshed against one or more of the class of
gentry, would be a traitor so abominable, a mon-
ster so unnatural, as in few or no instances to
suggest to the conspirators any fear of his ex-
posing them to the law. It appears from the
testimony of one of the witnesses on the trial of
Conners and his associates at Cork, that no
crime could be laid to the charge of Mr.
Low but his being an active Magistrate,—
active in the defence of life and property ; which
was construed by the banditti of conspirators
into his being " busy in hunting after people:'
For the very poorest description of culprits, who
conceive themselves to be sufferers under the
actual distribution of property, it is easy to ima-
gine that he who protects that property will
share their hatred with the law which he en•
forces. But for Leary and Conners, what mo-
tive can be assigned ? We answer, deep-rooted
and irresistible habit, ripened from infancy to
habit and old age, which has formed within
them an abstract feeling of disaffection towards
that order to which their parents and kindred
were brought up with similar antipathy to theirs.
What, however, we ask, must have been the
conduct of that order which has engendered such
deadly hatred ? Conners, it is said, inhabited a
slate-house, a rare kind of resideme in the
country parts of Munster for any one under the
rank of a proprietor of land. It is alleged, how-
ever, that if in some cases there are peasants who
can be bought over or frightened into evidence
against their brother criminals, so are there
persons in the rank of " gentlemen," who
can, from motives of equal baseness,
be induced to betray their station, and
even to violate the law, by truckling to the
midnight ruffians, supplying them with shelter,
and paying them wages for labour, being con-
scious all the while of the crimes they meditate
and have practised. If such men there be, we
trust they will not soon forget the lesson which
was read them by the Solicitor-General, and that
they will henceforth transfer their fears from the
law-breakers to the ministers of the law. The
Court on the last trial exhibited a curious seer':
The Jury were all, but a single individual, agre•'.c
as to the guilt of three among the prisoners, aril
the dissentient juryman, who, it seems, did in I
credit one word of the evidence, complaincs".
that his eleven fellows were " so obstinate,"
they would not come in to his opinion. The
probability at the close of the last accounts was,
that the health of some of the Jury would give
way, and that the three prisoners under trial
would be remanded for a second prosecution.
However, the dissentient juryman bids fair to he
die most popular individual in the county.—
. Times.

Our report of the proceedings yesterday at the
New Court, Old Bailey, furnishes a striking in-
stance of the absence of discrimination in Cri-
minal Procedure previous to trial. It appears
that two boys—one of them about twelve years
of age, of genteel appearance, and the other
about two years older—were sent to trial at the
Old Bailey by Mr. Griffiths, of the Marylebone
office, for the heinous offence of making too
free in open daylight with a couple of fowls,
with a view to a fight. The trial was not pro.
ceeded in, on account of the disgust and indig-
nation caused by the appearance of boys of so
tender an age in such a place. But they have
been subjected to imprisonment as felons, and
exposed to the contamination of Newgate. In
vain we complain of the increase of criminals, if
we break down in this way the barrier between
crime and juvenile indiscretion. The offence
of taking fowls for fighting, or any other pur-
pose, ought, of course, to be punished ; but
a proportion ought to be observed in every
thing. Our prisons, of the crowded state of
which we hear every day such loud complaints,
ought not to be encumbered with infants ; Courts
and Jurors ought not to have their time wasted
with trifles. Is there no way of guarding *nst
the perpetration of these judicial abuse -
outset ? Why was a power of summary;cp
tion lately given to Magistrateal -4?
doubt, the easiest way of dispatching
• , •
. -

monk at 'Ot?-r2i: for trial ; hut ii the Magistrates
treithetecett nor will discriminate, is there no Te-
em* 4-'--Mornmg Chronicle.
The-Cork Constitution of Tuesday has fur-
nished us with the proceedings of the second
trial under the commission. Of the four wen
put en their trial on Monday, one was acquitted,
and the :Jury could not agree as to the other
three. One Juror, tt Mr. Murroch, it seems,
disbelieved all the witnesses who'were credited
by the other eleven, and by the former Jury.
to thd Opening speech, the Solicitor-General
obriertied "It would be wrong of the not to ,
tAke this opportunity of correcting any misappre-
-IK.asien that may be abroad by omitting to re-
thee this conspiracy to its proper limits, and re-
snovit from the country at large a stigMa which
attaches to but one small portion of it. This
conspiracy does not extend much beyond the
immediate treighbourhood of Donerailc. And
t ettikee me as paradoxical that such a place—
tor I have thought it my duty, since I came
Ottwn on these trials, to inquire into the loceli-
ties—it strikes me as paradoxical that this spot,
so fertile in itself, abounding with a tveathy IC-
`tide4 Gentry and numerous Magi.s.tracy,
1,4:..)u1d be the soot, of all others, selected for the
existence and display of such abominable pro-
ceedings, If the conspiracy charged in the in-
tlictment be established, I cannot believe that in
a Aistrict of eight or ten mile 3, with such a re-
sjetent Gentry, aided hy Arty-four Magistrates,
it can be long suffered to exist, or that the moral
force of the Gentry will not be arrayed." Time
Petrony of Ormond, in the County of Tip-
pin-ary-,---the scene of the proceedings to which
Ofe public attention was lately so much di-
ted—abounds also with resident Gentry. In-
deed, it was shown in the Evidence of the State
of Ireland before Committees of the two Houses of
Parliament, that the districts of all others the
most disturbed—as Doneraile, in Cork, the ad-
Iteltring districts in Limerick, and several parts of
Tipperary—contained the greatest number of
hestdent gentry. When the late Mr. Curweim
'visited Ireland, in 1813, he was peculiarly struck
with the circumstance of the wretchedness of the
inhebiamte increasing with the number of splen-
slid mansions. Speaking of " the valley of Li-
sneriek, so celebrated for its beauty and ferti-
lisi.te" he observes, " Opulence, in the vicinage
of large commercial places is ever conspicuous
in the neatness and elegance which characterise
the competence or wealth of the respectable pos-
sessors, in the decorations of their country re-
tirements, And costly relaxations from the labour
rq. business ; yet here, the cabins under their
Windows, instead of partaking in the general
good which fortune so liberally distributes, seem
to suffer in an inverse ratio to her splendid dis-
pensations. This opinion cannot be more accu-
rately confirmed than by sta:ing, that on the
examination of one of these wretched abodes,
whim was no worse than its neigbours, we found
its floor one foot below the surface of the road,
from which it is entered by a door only three
feet high ; the inside, from the bare ground to
the top of the roof, four feet ; the length of the
side eallsornine ; the width, six. This area,
wholly destitute of all earthly comforts, gave
shelter to two rational beings, and was their only
Louse, though scarcely fit for the den of a wild
beast. The plenty which surrounded this de-
riorahle hut, and the sumptuous display of other
Then's habitations within its view, did but aggra.
vete the melancholy feelings inspired by this
scene of human misery ; on every side of which
the must luxuriant crops were ripening for gene-
ral use, yet. dedied to those individuals whose.
labours had contributed to their production.
Let -the pleasures derived from passing through
an interesting country be what they may—
let the bounties of Providence be ever so abund-
antly spread before the eye ; yet, if these
fail to promote the general walfare of our fellow-
creatures, the charms of nature or decorations of
art, however entitled to admiration, become
elrecled or entirely obscured." It would thus
tcett) that the discontent is, generally speaking,
in the ratio of the number of resident gentry.
Every thing in Ireland is a puzzle, and this
ammg the rest is one. What is the cause of
the dis ress of the Melt peasantry ? The want of
apital, and the excessive competition for, land,
the possession of which is the condition of exist-
ence. The rent which is readily offered is by no
means Incas:yeti by the value of the possession.
The Bishop of Limerick tells us distinctly, that
the rent always exceeds the ability of the tenant
to pay. Have we not here a solution of the
seeming paradox, that distress and discontent
arc generally in the ratio of the number of resi-
dent gentry ? 'lie peasantry, every where tasked
beyond their ability to pay, must every where be
defaulters. Where the gentry arc thinly scat-
tered, their confidence in their strength to exact
oppressive rents must be not so great as in dis-
tricts where they are in force. The legal power
always exceeding the means of realization, the
struggle under that power will be most effec-
tually maintained by the landlords, where their
numbers are greatest. This system of excessive
competition and excessive exaction must be ter-
minated. The law must kme rigidly enforced,
but, a: the same time, means must be fallen on
for time protection of the people from that neces-
sity for competing for land as a means of sub-
sistence. The whole history of Ireland proves
that severity alone is not enough to ensure order
in that country. 1t is time we varied the expe-
riment. le mercy to the people themselves, the.
law should be rigidly enforced, because property
is the creature of observance of law. No man
will emlsark capital in cultivation in a country in
which he is at the mercy of Committees of Con-
spirators. But if the people are unprotected,
severity- begets only recklessness and desperation.

In another part of our columns will be found
a report of the trial of four other prisoners under
the Special Commission now holding at Cork,
witneiy, Edmond Connors, Patrick Lynch,
Michael Wallis, and Timothy. Barrett. When
the Cork Papers were published, from which we
extract an account Of the proceedings, a verdict
liad been returned only as to one of the pri-
soners, Barrett, who had been acquitted—the
fate of the other three still remained in the ba-
lance—the Jury having been in deliberation on
their case from about eleven o'clock on Monday
I,ight until the papers went to press. The de-
14v of the Jury in returning a verdict was un-
derstood to have arisen from one of the twelve
h9lding out for an acquittal against his eleven
iellows, who were agreed on a conviction. The
reason avowed by the dissentient Juryman was
that Ite.could not place any reliance upon the
tester cmy of the approvers—and, certainly, great
caution ought always to be used in receiving as
truth
.the evidence of men who come into Court
tiOli.ca with tlie.very crimes of which they accuse
others. A man depraved of mind, chargedwith
AClir..e, and feeling his life in peril, having at
thejikine time a consciousness of crime without a

sense or contrition, would naturally endeavotn
to save his own life by the sacrifice of that of
any other man upon whom he could fasten the
charge of a participation in his guilt with an)
hope of being believed. In such predicament
all approvers stand, or, as they are more techni-
cally designated, King's evidence, .for the old
doctrine relative to approvers, properly so called,
has become obsolete in practice. Such testi-
mony, though admissible in law, ought never to be
affirmed by the decision of a Jury, unless.corro-
borated in certain particulars by unimpeachable
witnesses, who cannot be supposed to act in con-
cert with the approvers. If the evidence of the
latter. were to be thrown entirely cut of conside-
ration, then it would he next to impossible ever
to obtain a conviction against persons who en-
gaged in secret confederacies of crime, and the
very iqfinry of conspirators would constitute
their protection. On the trial of Leary, who
appears to hare been the rustic Cataline of this
sanguinary conspiracy, and whose trial, with that
or three of his accomplices, took place in the
preceding week, the Jury were so perfectly sa-
tisfied with the proof of the existence of the
conspiracy to murder Mr.-Bond Low and his
two brother Magistrates, that they returned their
verdict of guilty in a few minutes; and no ra-
tional being doubts now of the reality of this
most atrocious project. But it does not follow
that, because Leary and his three accomplices
were guilty, that any other of the prisoners had
any participation in their guilt ; and the con-
trary, according to the humane maxim of the
English law, is to he presumed, until their cri-
minality shall have been ascertained by the ver-
dict of the Jury to whom the law has given
them in charge. Whatever may be the result,
th.xe trials possess a painful interest, as showing
the extensive and almost incredible demoraliza-
tion of the peasantry of the South of Ireland.
The admissions made by the approvers, espe-
cially i'Vowlan, upon cross-examination, exhibit
an awful state of hardened depravity of heart--
of habitual and atrocous familiarity with crime.
Nowlan said, " I went out to shoot Mr. Low,
and yet lam a conscientious man." " I would
shoot any gentleman in the country." " I can-
not swear how many, I swore to commit murder."
" I never would have- informed but to save my
own life." Certainly to believe any thing falling
from such a wretch against the lives of others
ought to require strong corroboration as to ma-
terial facts from witnesses whose characters were
without taint, and whose testimony was beyond
suspicion.—Morning Herald.
In the. controversy which has taken place be-
tween the Earl of Mountcashel and the Bishop
of Ferns,-respecting the necessity of a reform in
the Church of Ireland, one most important point
has been overlooked—we mean the enormous
expence of the establishment, compared with_the
few who are benefited by it, and the evils neces-
sarily resulting from the existence of such a sys-
tem. Any arguments, we are aware, which we
might
,produce on this topic will have no effect
either on- those who are interested in maintain.

ing existing abuses, or those whose prudish zea-
lotism would not permit them to correct the
abuses of a system, lest the system itself should
be overturned ; but it is, nevertheless, but jus-
tice to the people of Ireland that the sources of
the evils under which ;bey labour should be made
known, and that if they are not redressed, igno-
rance of them may slot fairly be alleged as the
cause. Be it known, then, that in Ireland there
are only out of a population of about eight mil-
lions of souls, about one million who listen to
the exhortations of the Ministers of the Church
of England, or derive any benefit from their mi-
nistrationS, and that although the remaining
seven millions are all Catholics, or Protestant
PiSsenters, who maintain their .own churches,
and pay their own pastors, the whole are made
to contribute to the maintenance- of •the Church
of -England in Ireland, into which they never
enter, and to support the extravagance of its
clergy, whom they never see in an official capa-
city, except in the shape -of a tithe proctor,
who exacts his clues without mercy, and
not unfrequently turns the poor peasant out of
doors rather. than depart without them. Now the
reason of every one tells hint that such a state of
things ought not 'to exist ; and the reason of the
Irish peasant—poor, savage, and irritable as he
is—tells him in stronger language than it would
be proper to 'employ, that it is nothing short of
tyranny to burthen him with the. maintenance of
persons and churches which to him arc as useless
as the mosques and dervishes of the East
-Hence, much of the disorganized state of society
which still exists in Ireland—hence the riots,
and partial insurrections, and midnight murders
and assassinations of which we so frequently
hear—and hence, in.a ward, the hatred which
exists between .the Orange and the Catholic por-
tion of the population of Ireland, and the barba-
rism which, like a leprosy, infects the people of
one of the finest countries in the world. In
another part of our Paper will be found a tabular
view, sufficiently correct for general purposes, of
the expense of Church establishments in differ-
ent countries, from which it appears that more is
levied in Ireland per head for the support of the
Church, than for that of any similar establish-
ment in any other country in the world and
when to the sum which is there mentioned is
superadded the. expense of the Catholic chapels
and Clergy, we thiiik the wonder is, not that
Ireland has- been so much distracted, and so
much disgraced by murder and- bloodshed,
but that the system which led to it should
have been permitted to exist so long. We had
just written the above, when the proceedings of
the Special Commission at Cork, in the case of
the Doneraile conspirators, which will be found
elsewhere, reached us—proceedings to which we
need not point the attention of our readers—for
their character is of that stamp which cannot
escape observation—and proceedings which
prove, beyond a doubt, the existence of feelings,
and of a state of society, such as was never
known in any other part of the world. Crimes
without number are perpetrated in every coun-
try, however highly civilized or righteously go-
verned ; but they rarely occur without the ex-
istence of some palliating motive. -In the case
•of the Donerailc conspiracy, however, there is
not only no assignable motive for one of the most
abominable conspiracies to murder innocent men
which was ever imagined, or attempted to be
carried into execution ; but we even find one of
the witnesses on the trial, and one of the con-
spirato!it before it, make the following unblush-
ing declarations respecting his principles (?)and
intentions :

" I took my oath that I would shoot Mr. Creagh.
and undoubtedly I would have done so, only for
hurting my leg ; I went out to kill Mr. Low, and
only that Mr. Neagle was with him I was ready to
shoot.l►im. I would shoot twenty, thlrty, or forty
of them—would rather kill the police than the
King's troops-; I would shoot all the gentlemen in
the county of • Cork, and yet I ant a conscientious
fellow. It was a damnable crime for me to take an
oath to murder a gentleman, and I took it with all

my heart; I would hare shed the young lady in the
carriage; I would not spare her—(a thrill of hor-
ror passed through the Court at this observation)
I am swearing to save my life, and I would not an-
swer a word only to save myself. I could not tell
how many oaths took—l don't know if I took a❑
hundred oaths—l took the book, blessed myself, and
swore—l often flied into houses, and would

kill the people if could; there were more deter-
mined vilWns than I was. I might have sworn an
hundred persons to commit murder."
The country in which " an hundred persons
can be sworn to commit murder," is assuredly
not an enviable one, in any point of view ; and
after the disclosures which have been made onrr

the trial in question, and the frightful picture of
disorganization, of total absence of moral feeling,
and of the first and strongest dictates of human
nature, regard for the lives of other, no wonder
need be entertained that the Irish. aristocracy arc
glad to court the protection of English society,
and English laws ; no wonder that the country
is steeped in poverty and ignorance, and that the
capitalist, though his capital be lying useless
beside him, will not put forth his hand to relieve
its distresses, by giving employment and plenty.
While any portion of the people of Ireland con-
tinue to be characterised by such barbarity of
disposition, Ireland must remain poor and ig-
norant ; diffuse widely, on the other hand, the
benefits of education, render the people moral,
and the resident safe from assassination, and

there is nothing to prevent her rich soil, her
healthful climate, and naturally shrewd and
.quick-sighted people, from adding to the wealth
and strength of the country to an extent of
Which at present no conception can be formed.
The country is now evidently overspread with
crime, and criminal dispositions, as with a gar-
ment ; and until that garment has been removed
and ignorance of. the first elements of religion
and morality given place to sound knowledge, no
improvement of its condition can be expected.—
Morning Advertiser.

LAW INTELLIGENCE:

COURT OF KING'S BENCH, OCT. 30.

TIIIRLEWAY V. SPOTTISWOODE, ESQ. AND OTHERS.
Mr. CAMPBELL stated that this was an action
against the Sheriffs of Middlesex, and an officer of
theirs named Levi, to recover damages fur illegally
taking the plaintiff's -goods in execution. The
Sheriffs were mere nominal parties on the record,
and in case of their being called on to pay damages,

they
_would have their remedy over ag:,shstatm
Levi, the other defendant, who was one of their
bound bailiffg, and whose improper conduct it was

that had given rise to the present action. The com-
plaint against. this William Levi wac, that he, on
the 31st of July in the last year, entered the plain-
tiff's house, under an execution against Mrs.
Thirleway, the plaintiff's wife, and persisted in keep-
ing • possession from that time until the 11th of
November following, though he well knew that the
goods which he had seized were those of the plain.
tiff; and that Elizabeth Thirleway, against whom
the execution had issued, was the plaintiff's wife.
The
_facts of the case being proved in evidence,
the Jury found for the plaintiff—Damages, 100/.