Star.
London, England, 1830-09-11 00:00:00

TO THE GOVERNMENT AND PEOPLE OF FRANCE.

In my last letter I promised " to explain the csuse of the perpetual
poverty of the people under the existing arrangements of society, and
to develope the means by which the cause may be for ever removed."
The cause of poverty over the civilized world is the mis-direction Of
labour-saving, uneonsuming machinery.
Under the existing arrangements of society, all the wealth of the
industrious classes of society proceeds directly from their labour,
manual or mental

The erroneous customs of the world have made the manual and men.
tal faculties of man, an article of commerce, and subject to the same
fluctuations in its monied value as cattle and sheep, and every other
article of commerce has been made under the present irrational state of
society. Its value then depends upon the demand for it in the market
of labour, and upon the amount of supply to meet that demand.
Previous to the introduction of labour-saving machines, labour was
always of much comparative value, because every pair of hands which
came Into the market brought with them a demand for food, clothes,
houses, furniture, tike. Ike. amounting nearly to what their labour could
produce. The demand far and supply of labour, were therefore comma.
orate with each other, or nearly so, under every increase of the popula-
tion. And the industrious classes who were not slaves, were generally
well supplied with the necessaries, and many of them with the comforts
of life.

But as mankind advanced in a knowledge of the arts and sciences, a
new species of power for producing wealth with less manual labour,
was discovered and introduced.
This new power of production, without consuming in the same pro-
portion as human beings consume, has advanced of late years at a con.
tinually increasing ratio.
It has been already so multiplied, that labour of all kinds is in great
excess in the market over the demand for it, and the labour of the moat
industrious is not worth, in the market of labour, as much as will sup-
ply a family of average numbers with the necessaries of life.
But the increase of the new scientific power of production—or, as
some call it, labour-saving machinery—is daily advancing, and to ha
progress there is no assignable limit. Nor ought there to be any; for
whenever its real use shall be understood, and it shall be properly ap-
plied, it will become a godlike power to relieve man from all unpleasant
toil, and want, and misery t and it will be the great instrument by
which contest for wealth will be superseded, by kind and happy feelings
between individuals and nations.

At present, however, it is from ignorance allowed to proceed In direct
competition with manual labour; and experience proves that human
beings have not the power, by nature, to contend successfully against
this overwhelming competitor.
It is therefore obvlons, to all who dispassionately consider the present
state of society in Great Britain and Ireland, France, and Belgium, and
other parts of the world, that It is the increase of laboursaving, uncon.
suming machinery, in competition with manual labour, that now,
amidst a superfluity of all things, afflicts the industrious classes with-
poverty.
Having thus explained the mule of the existing distress among the
I industrious classes, while plenty exists around them in tantalising pro-
fusion, we proceed to the remedy :
It is to find employment, as Napoleon did, for every Frenchman
willing to work, at the rate of 2s. per day.
He, however, found employment for most of them in destroying the
wealth of others, and consuming the production of others, without creat-
ing any return.
It is necessary that regular and full employment be found for all the
industrious elapses, in such a manna that they shall annually produce
more wealth than they consume while producing it, and the same news-
sitwill soon arrive also in America.
There is now no alternative left for Europe, but to provide full and
beneficial employment for all the working classes, aided by machinery,
or for the Government to order the plough and the press to be every-
where destroyed.
The people have now a right to ask that the one or the other of
these alternatives shall be immediately carried into execution, to pre.
vent the work people in ;Leh England, and in beautiful France and Bel.
glum, starving for the want of the necessaries of life, amidst the greatest
profusion of wealth of their own creations, and the means to increase it,
if requisite, ten.foid.
Let the operation of the plough and the press be suspended for three
years, and then it would be discovered whether machinery, as now di.
rated, is beneficial or injurious to the working classes and to the educated
pan of society who have to maintain themselves and their families by
their mental exertions.

Tile time is come when machinery must be destroyed--or a right di.
xenon given to it, or it will destroy all the Aristocracies. in Europe—
and throw every government into confusion.
Bedford Square, Sept. 10, 1830. ROBERT OWEN.

Cizt In our report of Mr. Owz speech at the Freemasons' Tavern. as
given in the Brass of Wednesday, s typographical error in one pate-
graph injures the sense. We, therefore, repeat the,retaage correctly
" It is not, my friends," laid Mr. Owen, " an alteration of this law
or of that regulation, which I now propose fur your consideration and
tztLon ; but it is an entire chwiwr of all the p, ictury erroneous
Olt which society %u bees jostivied, and of all the human cir-
cumstances that have been formed around ntankind, which have neces-
sarily emanated from those notions--a change from theme to principles
in accordance with all faets, and for new circumstances emanating solely
from those principles and those facts. And this is the change which
must be effected, before the shaking of the nations which has corn.
menced in France, and proceeded to Belgium, can again subside. The
dormant intellect of man has been aroused at length to detect the degra-
dation of its past aid present esistence; and it will not be again put to
rest until the human race shall be emancipated from its present igno.
trance, vice, and misery."

SCOTTISH ATTAINTED PILSRAGIIS.WO learn from
high authority that, in the event of his Majesty visiting Scotland next
summer (on which he is at present firmly resolved), there is every pros.
peel that the &with aitainted tidal will be restored. In this act of
vies and favour the heeds of three of the moat ancient (smiles it•
the North will be inchided—Lovai, Seahadil and CanamsatP—A4arang
Courier.

The Commissioners of Assessed Taxes, acting for the di-
vision of Ciresaster, in the county of thouceste:, fluently &leveeing&
In an appeal spina * eareiterge, that an individual borrowing a Neer
should be assessed for the duty ; but upon the ea* Wei reihrrai to Ilk
Judges, they were of opinion that the deeNAN of the Coostiseiossrs was
wrong, theseby nudge's. the hemmer sot liable to the payment *1407.
•

~-~ ~~.'

THE BING'S COURT.

BRIGHTON. 6ErT. 10.

The KING'S Dinner Party at the Pavilion yernevil cern-
aisted of—

General WOODFORD,
Colonel WooDFORD,
Sir H. REYNELL,
Sir MATTHEW TIERNEY,
Sir W. M'Mettos, and
Sir THOMAS *MAHON ;
the Prague Minstrels playing at intervals during tho
repast.
This day the following Ladies and (INitlemen, persons of
great distinction, made their calls, and left their card; It
the Pavilion:—
Lieut.• General Sir RUYAN!: DoNKIN,
The Earl of Li v Earooc,
Lady CATHERINE JEN K INmoN,
Lady SELINA JEN►INsON,
Sir GEORGE SUIFFNER,
Mr. LAWRENCE PEEL r.,
Lady JANE PUMP.,
Captain and Lady AG N ES By sc..
The Duke and Duchess of Anti t EL, and
Lord PONSONBY.

This afttgnoon the KING took an airing for a considerable
time, accompanied by the QUEEN and the Princess AC-
GUSTA. On their return, his MAJESTY went to Mahoined's,
and had a bath.
Col. Fox is the only departure this day from the Pavinos.

CORONER FOR MIDDLESEX.

BAKER AND WAKLEV.
CLOSE OF THE Pi :LE.

711111) DAY.

Mr. Baker ...
Mr. Walden

.. 1534
)U22

Mr. Baker and Mr. Waklev stepped forward to the Rent of tile
hustings at the same time, but Mr. Wakley gave way to Mr. Baker,
who proceeded to address the Electors, but the hissing was so univtrii
sal, that it was almost impossible to catch a word that he said. W:
left him ar:drtssing the multitude.