The Sun.
London, England, 1829-12-31 00:00:00

FP, a Bourbcrt-I),seated on the Throne of Mexico. '
With this viewAtey contributed to the revolution,
and as is well lten made this event a condition of
their adhesion*'the cause of independence, both in
the plan of Ygnala, and the treaties of Cordova.
Fius; rated in their expectations by the ambition of
iturbide, this party, with few exceptions, united
their force against hitn,and hurled him from the throne.
They met, after the destruction of the Imperial Go-
vernment with a still stronger obstacle to their wishes,
in the decision of the people in favour of republican
ins-itutions ; and they were driven to the necessity
of yielding to the popular torrent, but exerted all
their influence to establish a central government, si-
milar to that adopted in Colombia. The example of
the confederation of the neighbouring states, and
the astonishing progress they had made under that
form of government, had great weight with the
people, and in spite of the exertions of the Esco-
seees, Mexico adopted a government somewhat si-
milar to that of the United States of America. The
great question settled, the parties were arranged in
active opposition to each other. The Escoseses and
cent relicts governed the country and swayed the
councils of the vacillating 'Vittoria. The federalists
felt their superior strength, and were so mortified at
the ascendancy of their adversaries, that, ignorant of
the means of acquiring the influence they wished to
possess in the government, and despairing of success
by any other means, they at one time contemplated
having recourse to force. Fortunately they were
induced to adopt milder measures. They organised
themselves in the same manner as their opponents,
only under a different denomination of masonry, and
in this manner acquired the name of Yorkinos. By
their superior numbers they gained all the elections,
and the nation would have settled down tranquilly
►order their dominion had the President acted with
a moderate degree of decision. He had felt his de.
peudenee on the Scotch party, and had secretly pro-
moted the formation of that of York. But the
rapid progress of the latter alarmed him, and instead
of putting himself at the head of the popular party,
he attempted to counterbalance the influence of each
faction by dividing the power between them, so far
es depended upon him. The members of his cabinet
were taken from the two parties. Colonels of re-
giments and the higher officers of the army were so
selected tie to be arranged against each other, ready
to give battle at the slightest signal of their re-
spective parties. This misguided policy kept the
counti•y in a state ofcontiuued agitation, which broke
out into open war in January, 1828. The
Scotch party, under their favourite leader, General
Bravo, Vice-President of the Republic, took up
tome, with a determination to recover their influence
by force. This attempt received no support from
the people, and failed of course. Bravo and his fol-
lowers were taken prisoners, and banished the
Republic. Not discouraged by this signal defeat
this party next directed their efforts to prevent the
election of General Guerrero, and for that purpose
determined to support the pretensions to the
Presidef►cy of Don Manuel Gomez Pedraza, then
Secretary at War. It is necessary to recapitu-
late the causes which led to their success in this in-
stance, in order to a perfect understanding of the
late revolution. In some of the States the Legis-
latures that voted for Gomez Pedraza had been
elected before the triumph of the democratic party
in Mexico. Their time of service was about to ex-
pire, not a single member had been re-elected on
account of their being Escoseses, and the vote they
gave ma the occasion may be-regarded as an expiring
effort to re-establish the power of their party. The
Secretary of War is, in fact, the Commander-in-
Chief of the Mexican army, and Pedraza dismissed
such officers as he supposed to be adverse to his
election, and filled the ranks with his own pat tisans.
The European Spaniards imagined that they would
be safe under the protection of Pedraza, and lavished
their wealth to secure his election by gaining votes
whenever the Legislatures were nearly equally di-
vided ; and finally, the military, in order to give
proofs of their devotion to the Secretary, actually
used force to awe the refractory members of some
of the legislatures. In this manner the votes of 11
out of 19 of the States were obtained in favour of
redleza, and from the moment the success was
known the Scotch party, aided by the Senate and
the Supreme Court, both bodies elected by the
aristocracy, commenced a series of persecutions
against their opponents, and against all persons
whom they considered dangerous from their talents
or popularity. The Governors of several States
were impeached on anonymous charges, and some
of them were suspended from their employments,
and persecuted, with a degree of rancour that showed
the determination of the party to bring them to the
scaffold. By this most unjust and impolitic con-
duct, the chiefs of the York patty were driven to
seek their safety it► rebellion ; and such was the
diepoeition of the people that wherever the stand-
ard of ievelt had been erected they would have
rallied round it. The revolution, as you are aware,
wag begun and ended in the capital, and no greater
proof can be effered of its being in accordance with
the general sentiments of the people, than the eir-
euerietance of its having been received throughout
the whole Republic with public rejoicing. The
adherents of Pedraza had to fly, and to hide them-
selves from the indignation of the people ; corre-
sponding changes were immediately effected in all
the States, r►ot a single voice being raised in favour
of the fallen party or its chief, who had fled at the
eight of the storm his ambition had raised.
‘` The Revolution is at an end, and if this Go-
vernment can obtain a small sum of money for their
present exigencies, and go on till they organize their
finances and reform the army, the tranquillity of
Mexico will be secured for a very long period.
" The administration will consist of President
Guerrero, Bustamente, Vice-President; Zavata,
Secretary o the Treasury ; Santa Ana, of IVar ;
Herrera, of Grace and Justice ; and Bocanegra, of
Foreign Affairs ;—all men of abilities, and the four
first uniting by their character and popularity all the
elements of revolution in this: country. With the
means proposed, the revenue of this country may
:se raised to twenty millions, and the expenses of
the Government, enormous as they now are, and
admitting considerable reduction, amount only to
fiftee❑ millions and a half of dollars.

" As it ie supposed by many that the expulsion
of the Spaniards has been an unnecessary, cruel,
and ituolitic act, it may be well to explain to you
that the Spaniards residing in Mexico have been
actire agents in all the political changes this country
has undergone for many years past. They con-
stantly interfered in the affairs of the Government;
and, haring been accustomed to controul the actions
of the Viceroys of Mexico, they could not submit
quietly to the dominion of the Creoles. The revo-
lution effected by Iturbide received their concurrence
end support, and they approved the plan of Yguala,
because it was directed against the constitution of
Spain, which gave the semblance of self•government
to the colonies. They expected to see a Bourbon
seated on the throne of Mexico ; and, since their
disappointment in that hope, they have never ceased
to intrigue against the independence of the Re-
public, and to plot against its institutions. Their
superior wealth, industry, and energy of character,
have rendered their efforts formidable to the Creoles,
.and it is not surprising that the party in power
shduld pass an act which will weaken corsiderably,
if it does not totally destroy, the opposite faction.
Besides, th only political feeling possessed by the
ma,s of the population of Mexico, is an inveterate
hatred against the Spaniards. This has been en-
gendered and kept alive among the Indians by tra•
dition of the former cruelties of their conquerors,
and by constant recurring instances of oppression.
So long as the Spaniards remained in any number
in the country, their residence furnished a pretence
for revolution. Any demagogue might have dis-
turbed the peace of the country by displaying on
his stanthud ' Death to the Gachupines.' It was
neceasary to remove this cause of &scud at any
4aFrifice. True, it might have been done with more
Mildness; but in times of high revolutionary excite-
ment, itis difficult to moderate passions that have
Wen riticed by the spirit of party."