The Sun.
London, England, 1829-12-02 00:00:00

LITERATURE.

CAUSES OF DISEASE, EXTRACTED FROM MR
CURTIS'S ESSAY ON THE DEAF AND DUMB.

Daily observation demonstrates that the human
structure, even in its most perfect formation, is

liable to lesions of organization and derangement
of function, producing that state of the system
in which its useful actions or perceptions are
either interrupted or attended with pain. This
state is called disease. Every animal carries
within itself the germ of its own destruction, or

in other words it is formed for a limited ex

istence. Many diseases therefore arise sponta-
neously or without any assignable external cause,
but many more are produced by causes over

which we have some controul, and perhaps the
chief source of the physical ills to which we are
liable is the deviation we make from the simpli-
city of nature. The injurious influence that do-
mestication has upon the health of the lower
animals is very strikingly apparent, and in pro-
portion as their subjugation is more complete,
and their manner of life differs more NI idely from

that which is natural to them, so are their
diseases more numerous and severe. The dis-
eases of our more valuable domestic animals are
sufficiently numerous and important to employ a
particular class of men, and the horse alone has
professional assistance appropriated., to him ; men
of education and talent have devoted them-
selves to the investigation of the diseases of this
noble and useful creature. The poor little ca-
nary birds, confined in their wiry prisons, are
very liable to disease, more especially inflamma-
tion of the bowels, asthma, epilepsy, and sore-
ness of the bill. No animal deviates so far from
the simplicity of nature as man, none is placed
under the influence of so many circumstances,
ealculated to act injuriously upon the frame.
His morbid affections are hence abundant and
diversified, as may be seen by referring to the
different nosological arrangements. These long
catalogues of diseases afford strong evidence ;'
that man has not carefully followed that way of
life which has been marked out for him by
nature. The crowded state of the inhabitants
of large cities, the injurious effects of an atmos-
phere loaded with impurities, sedentary occupa.
tions, various unwholesome avocations, intempe-
rance in food, stimulating drinks, high seasoned
and indigestible viands, and these taken hastily
in the short intervals allowed by the hurry and
turmoil of business ; the constant inordinate ac-
tivity of the great cerebral circulation, kept up
by the double impulse of luxurious habits, and
high mental exertions; the violent passions by
which we are agitated and enervated, the various
disappointments and vexations to which all are

liable, reacting upon and disturbing the whole
frame ; the delicacy and sensibility to external
influences, caused by hatted rooms, too warm
clothing, and other indulgences, are all contrary
to the voice of nature, and they produce those
morbid conditions of the system, which a more
simple and uniform mole of living would pre-
vent. Our associates of the animal kingdom do
not escape the influence of such causes, the
mountain shepherd and his clog are equally
hardy, and form an instructive contrast to a '
delicate lady and her lap dog, the oitzeine point
of degeneracy and imbecility of which tad race
is susceptible. In the early ages of society,man
enjoyed long life, his manner of living was
simple, his food, habitation, and pursuits, 'ere
all calculated to fortify the body, and no anxious
cause disturbed his mind. Humboldt observa,
that individuals whose bodies are strengthend
by healthy habits, with respect to food, clothing
exercise, air, &c. are enabled to resist the cause
of disease in other men. He describes the In.
dians of New Spain as a set of peaceful culti-
vators, accustomed to uniform nourishment,
almost entirely of a vegetable nature, that of
their maize and cereal gramina ; they are hardly
subject to any deformity, he never saw a hunch-
backed Indian, and it is extremely rare to see any
who squint, or who are lame in the arm or leg,

in countries where the inhabitants suffer from
the goitic. This affection of the throid gland is
never observed among the Indians, and seldom
in the Mestizors. He repeats the same testi-
mony very strongly concerning various tribes of
South America, as the Chaymas, Caribs, Musy-
cas, Caribs, and Peruvian Indians.

Viscount MELVILLE transacted business yes-
:er'day at the Foreign Office.

FINISH OF THE FANCY.

(From a Morning Pdper.)

For a length of time the Fancy has been in an extremely
feeble and tottering stare, and its votaries have, on every
late affair connected with it, had to encounter more "cares
and fears than spring from war or women's love." A ces.
cation of any thing of importance for several months, had
concentrated an accumulated interest in the
" GRAND SPORTING FIGHT"

between Ned O'Neal and the Young Phenomenon, for
2201. to 2001. a-side.
The interest which was attached to this promised fight
was immense, for which, perhaps, many reasons might
properly be assigned. The recollection of the amateurs
was still fresh of the almost unparalleled good fight which
they made a short time ago, which established the reputa-
tion of Young Dutch Sam, and earned him the cognomen
of " the Young Phenomenon." On that occasion the
friends of Ned O'Neal, and he himself, considered it a gift,
while a number of the friends of Sam were without confi-
dence in him, and betted on O'Neal. The odds of course
were high on Ned, and it has even been said that on the
evening previous to the battle so high as 5 to 1 ; O'Neal,
however, was unlucky, and the long odds were floored.
At this match being made, Ned O'Neal was constrained
to go to scale, and restricted to a weight much lighter
than he had ever fought before, although he was to ex-
ceed the weight of Sam considerably. Sam, too, was re-
stricted to weight, and each of the men were with-
in the bounds of their stipulation on the morning
of fighting. On this account the friends of O'Neal
attributed his defeat to his being compelled to train down,
and consequently being weakened to keep within the
weight. On the other hand Sam had the effects upon
him, in a small degree, of the gaieties of London, and his
friends concluded therefrom, that, had he been in better
condition, O'Neal would have had es en a less chance ; and
to satisfy the doubts of each party, a fresh match was
made—O'Neal to fight 2201. to Sam's 2001. ; each man to
enter the ring as heavy as he pleased. The issue of the
event, involving so many points of chance, was anxiously
looked forward to, not only as it was to decide the merits
of the men as pugilists, but also because a repetition was
anticipated of the same admirable fighting that they had
displayed in their first battle; and it was, therefore, fondly
hoped, that one such good battle would rouse the droop-
ing head of the fancy, and cause the prize-ring to rear up
afresh in all the magnitude of its pristine glory.--These, in
addition to the promised sporting charac:-er of the fight, had
made it the all-absorbing subject of the days and nights of
the Fancy, from the Most Noble and Right Honourable
Members, down to the very dregs of the tag-rag and bob-
tail. In the annals of pugilism it was held, as the battle
of Waterloo was in the affairs of Europe—on it was every
thing depending that could be staked on a similar event,
and the amateurs and practical men hailed the approach of
the auspicious day as the consummation of their happiness,
and the revival of the majesty of " Old English sports."
Yesterday was the day so anxiously contemplated, and,
with its arrival, was expected one snore event, to add to
the mass of examples, of hew vain and deceitful are the
best hopes of man. The Fancy were roused from their
golden dream, and the Prize Ring was dashed from its an-
ticipated eminence, and left now, we think, sprawling in
the quagmire of its own creation, never again to rise. At
least, as the sequel we think will demonstrate, if the public
any longer submit to be humbugged, as they are now,
there may be just reason to suppose that the old English
public are legitimately mad, and that they pay no less a
price for their " old English sports," than a surrender of
so much old English common sense.

Ned O'Neal commenced and completed his training at
his native town, Streatham. Sam commenced his exer-
cise under the auspices of the sporting gentlemen at New-
market, and finished it at Brighton. O'Neal having won
the toss for choice, and as no money was likely to be had
fur the nomination, he named a quarter in which he had
met good fortune on former occasions, and he gave the
preference to the vicinity of Petworth, in Surrey, holding
Godalming as head-quarters.
When the match was first made the odds were talked of
at 5 and 6 to four on Ned, but they fell off progressively
until betting became even, and then towards the close, the
odds had veered round to Sam, guineas to pounds, and ul-
timately there were transactions done at 5 to 4 and 6 to
4in some large sums. So far had the match maintained
its anticipated sporting attributes, and it is impossible to
guess at the amount of the money pending on the event,
but doubtless the aggregate amount was immense. -
From Brighton Sam arrived at Petworth, on Sunday.
Ned O'Neal left Streatham on Monday, and took up his
residence at a private cottage, in a secluded situation, about
four miles from Godalming.
The road all the way down bespoke the buzz of active
preparation ; not a horse to be had that was not pre-
viously engaged, and at Godalming beds were so scarce
that many persons had to be contented with a shelter ;
and neither horse nor chaise was to be had either for
money or favour. Carriages and four, and conveyances of
all sorts, teemed into the town, so that the place was in •
undated over night, and the throng increased with the
morning.
Comfortably seated in the King's Arms of Godalming,
an old resort of the reporters, and a house in which the in-
calculable luxury of good accommodation, to be quietly en-
joyed, may be had at these times—a portion of the party
broke up, and being in possession of the resting place of
O'Neal, they strolled forth to visit and cheer their favourite
man. Having spent an hour or two with him, and being
about to pronounce their parting blessing on his head for
the night, they were disagreeably surprised with the ap-
pearance of Hall and Pople, two of the active officers of
Union Hall, along with a Sheriff's Officer from Guildford,
who, sans cerernonie, demanded Ned 0 Neal to surrender
his body to their• safe keeping in the name of the King.._
This was a poser with a vengeance, and called forth a
shower of regret and volumes of expostulation. Hall was
requested to show his warrant—he admitted that be had
none ; but, nevertheless, he still pertinaciously adhered to
his right, as a civil constable, to retain Ned O'Neal a pri-
soner. When it was more particularly urged that a war-
rant must be required for the exercise of such authority,
and an advice given to Ned that lie was not under the ne-
cessity of obeying the mandate of the officers, and the
officer requested to state the nature of the charge against
Ned, Hall, in all the pomp of official capacity, proclaimed,
" I charge him with murder ! now stop me from taking
him who dares," at the same time flashing forth his staff
of office. This declaration was astounding—that Ned
O'Neal should be charged with murder ; but an after ex-
planation brought out, that the expression of Hall had ex-
ceeded his meaning, for he said he meant, " with an in-
tention to commit murder." Pople, in the mean time,
went in search of a -Magistrate to obtain a warrant, but
the Justices thereabout keep good hours—they were all in
bed—Pople could not get the document, but they still re-
tained the custody of O'Neal.
As a matter of favour and accommodation, the officers
proceeded to the King's Arms, at Godalming, with
O'Neal, which first made us acquainted with the fact
that was to disappoint the object of our journey. Ex-
postulation and all manner of scheming was again there
resumed, but without effect—arrangement was imprac-
ticable. Suspicions and insinuations were freely bandied
about, and treachery was amply denounced.
-At this stage of the proceedings we could not help re-
marking one expression that came, with emphasis, from
Pople, accompanied with a glance of significance. " I
believe, Gentlemen," said he, " that there is a nose
in the room at this moment, to see whether or not we do
our duty." " A nose in the room," replied a compound
of military and Madeira, " then let us pull it by all
means."—The Captain's wit is time least important par-
ticle of this incident ; it rests more particularly on the in-
sinuation, that one of the treacherous, who were instru-
mental in the arrest of O'Neal, was then present ; but we
were unable to draw any conclusion as to the individual
against whom the imputation was levelled. The only cer-
tainty we could ascertain was, that the officers had been

sent down by the express orders of Mr. Chambers, of
Union-Hall, in consequence of a letter received by that
Magistrate; and between one and two o'clock in the morn•
ing, Ned O'Neal and the three officers departed for Guild-
ford. After Ned had gone, a post•chaise was procured,
Ind the veteran Tom Crib set off to Petworth to look after
Sam. The Union-Hall officers had mentioned that they
ould venture to assert that Sam was at the same time a
risoner. This, however, was not the case, for Toni
rib found the young phenomenon asleep and undisturbed
I his bed, where he was suffered to remain till between
and seven. The veteran and his phenomenon charge
dived at the King's Arms, Godalining, a little past nine
clock in the morning, where they landed amidst a crowd
oas rueful countenances as ever was assembled on so me-
licholy an occasion.

Whin Sam arrived he bewailied the bitterness of his
fg% He said he should pay for the ring being erected at
tl place named; that he should enter it and throw up
h hat, and claim the money, alleging as a precedent for
t; procedure, that when he was arrested in a similar
saner, when entering the ring to fight Bishop Sharpe,
tit the battle-money in that case was given up to tie
Plop.
Ve do not mean to discuss at present this knotty point.
SI remained at Godahning with this intention, where

we left him, 2r;,1 we may add, that the stakeholder Was not
the same 0p,0.0i. an the point with Sam.
O'Neal like: 6,e found plentiful source of complaint
—he bad stood a portio❑ of his own battle-money, and
had been at the .ntire expenses of his own training. He
was taken to G nildfoi il I y tl,e officers, where they re-
mained till about ten o'clock yesterday morning, and poor
Ned was transferred in a coach and four, to meet the
Magistrates at Union Hall, a full bench, who bound him
over in the sum of 2001. himsi If, and two sureties of
1001. each, and in the usual terms to keep the peace to all
his Majesty's subjects, for one year in England, by which
of course, Ned's hands are for that period tied up entirely
in the way of his profession.
Thus ended in smoke and grievous disappointment, the
great, and grand, and much valued expected battle.
When the state of affairs took this clumsy turn, it was
at first supposed that it had been done to save some bets
on one side or the other, which is the custom as these
matters go, if the fight does not come of on the day origi-
nally fixed, all bets are declared off. To defeat this object,
it was first determined to follow O'Neal to London, and
having secured his liberation, to post off to the nearest
county convenient, and baulk the vile intentions of the
mercenary designing ones. Another plan proposed was to
postpone the fight till next Tuesday, making it an under-
standing that all bets were to stand, and this was supposed
to be an excellent feeler of who was at the bottom of the
mischief, as it was most likely that none but those would
declare ofE The result of the investigation at the Police-
office, however, knocked all this on the head ; but had it
not been so on that score, the plans could not easily have
been accomplished, as Sam refused to do otherwise than to
enter the ring near Petworth.

At Union-hall we saw the letter, which had been
spoken of that led to the despatch of the officers. ' It is
the hand-writing of one which we think we have seen
before—it is not disguised. It bears date of the 25th of
November, and is said to have been at the office since the
26th ; but had happened to escape the notice of Mr.
Chambers till Monday morning, when the officers were
sent off to Streatham, and O'Neal having left there, they
traced him to his cunning quarters near Goldaming. There
is one thing remarkable in the letter, which proves it has
been written by some one ashamed of the act—it is ano-
nymous ; had it been for a good purpose it was written,
the presumption is strong that the writer would not have
withheld his name.

At the present stage of the business it were needless to
hazard opinions, or listen to the insinuations that are cir-
culated. Ned's friends are all confident, so are Sam's—
both regret that the tight is stopped—and as a matter of
course no one has done it—it is the act of nobody. Some
one, however, has done it, but who that is time and cun-
ning inquiry alone can disclose. There let it rest, it is
but one more blot to the Fancy disk, and has perhaps only
brought to a crisis at once what had been working about
previously by inches at a turn.
It is self-evident that the Fancy has been corroded with
its own corruption until it has crumbled to pieces. That
the state of the Ring has of late been such that it was
unsafe to bet is obvious—literally in most cases a person
sporting on its events must have made up his mind to lob
or be robbed : judgment went for nothing—the only
knowing ones were those possessed of secrets—and the
only criterion was to observe the persons who betted, and
to know their reputation.

We have been tortured travelling after these humbug
affairs repeatedly—exposed to the inconveniences of inter-
ruptions or postponements—most of which we had reason
to suspect were, and many of which we know were
planned for purposes. We have been deafened with
crosses, real and suspected, and in every respect it was
evident that the many had become tools in the hands of the
few, to be fleeced, fouled, and treated for their conve-
nience. The evil will at last find out its own propagators.
The ring bad been deserted by the higher circles nearly
entirely; and, indeed, the only shadow of its return lay
with this fight proposed yesterday, which has, as we
augur, finished the Fancy. The ring has been lately un-
der the immediate controul of a class of men not affluent
in-principle, sordid in mind, and mean in motives, re-
gardless of measures, and greedy of gain. A career of
temporary success led them off their guard, and they be-
times over-reached themselves, banished their game, and
left them without flats to filch, or pigeons to pluck ; and
in that dilemma they were forced to eat up one another.
Their avarice and trick, however, became unbounded, and
now, like the boy in the fable, they have actually killed
the goose in searching for her golden eggs.
Probably this may be the last detail of this department
of old English sports that we may have to write for many-
1-day—if ever. Let Fogo write the epitaph of the Ring
defunct, and let the old veterans of its more honourable
days mourn the decease of the profession by which they
earned their fame.

We are still impatient under the jeers and grinning of
of the, yokels, who had their fun at the expence of the
Londoners passing along the road on their return from the
foolish errand. We hope we are the last victims of such
base little proceedings, and that the Ring will sleep in quiet
until it can mend its manners.

' in •
At Tom spring s the evening an immense assemblage
was collected to know the result; but nothing definite
was arrived at, and as Ned's benefit takes place to-morrow
at the Tennis Court, discussion was deferred till then ;
when no doubt something will be said, and a crowd be as-
sembled to hear it. Spring's house, on the evening of
Thursday, was settled upon for the final disposition of the
affair.

To complete the humbug of yesterday, the bawlers of
authentic intelligence were indefatigable in vending, in the
evening, the following true and genuine intelligence of the
mighty and momentous conflict, with portraits of two pu•
gilists fighting in gloves :
" THE GREAT FIGHT,

BETWEEN YOUNG DUTCH SAM AND O'NEAL, FOR 2001.
A-SIDE, IN LORD EGREMONT'S PARE, NEAR EETWORTH,
IN SUSSEX.

" This morning at an early hour all the Fancy in Lon-
don were on the alert, to take a day's pleasure to witness
the great fight between these two boxing heroes of the
ring, who repaired to the scene of action followed by some
thousands of spectators, all full of glee—many heavy bets
are depending. The bettings are 5t04 on Sam. Away
they went, and the road was completely thronged, and all
appeared gaiety and life.

It will be recollected that these two men fought at
Ludlow, last April, and O'Neal, who was backed by his
friends at the rate of seven to four, was conquered after a
severe struggle for nearly two hours. The superior style
of Sam's tactics on that occasion raised him higher than
ever in the estimation of his friends. Ned, ever since his
defeat, has been down upon his luck ever since this, and
has been endeavouring to reprieve his laurels.
" O'Neal has been in training at Streatham. Great odds
as to weight are in favour of O'Neal, but Sam has the ad-
vantage of superior science. O'Neal, we understand, will
be hacked by Spring, and Ward will second Sam.
" About twelve o'clock both men were stripped, and
neither of them seemed to shrink from their task, and came
to the scratch in high spirits. In point of condition they
were much better than at their last meeting.
" Round 1. A great deal of sparring took place, which
lasted fur some time, when Sam broke through and floored
O'Neal by a blow over the rye, and shouts of " bravo
Sam," sounded from the ring.
" Round 2. In this round the men began work, and
some hard and scientific blows took place, and both men
were covered with blood. O'Neal received a blow under
the ear, which sent him down.

" Rounds 3,4, s.—This was three good rounds, and
the claret flew in all directions, and give and take was the
order of the day, but in the end O'Neal got floored.
" It is quite useless to go through the whole of the
rounds, but after a very hard and manly contest, which
lasted for an hour and ten minutes, in which they fought
sixty rounds, the victory was declared in favour of Dutch
Sam."

The KING has lately purchased of Mrs
BitonninzAr., Holly-grove house, situated in the centre of
Windsor Great-park. It is said that the Duke of CUM-
BERLAND will shortly occupy the house and gardens. The
place was bought by THEODORE BROADHEAD, Esq.,
grandson of THEODORE BRINCKMAN, who came to Eng-
land with GEoncE the First from Hanover. The estate
contains about fifty acres of beautifully-timbered pasture-
ground, and will form a most desirable addition to the
Great-park.

Despatches were sent off yesterday evening
from the Colonial Office, fur General Sir G. DON, the
Lieutenant-Governor of Gibraltar.

Sir GEORGE MURRAY arrived in town on
Monday, from a visit to the Marquis of ANGLESEA, at his
seat Beaudesert, Staffordshire.

DUEL.—(From a Correspondent.)—A meet-
ing took place early yesterday morning in a field near
Chalk Farm, b'etween two gentlemen, the one residing in
Montagu-square, the other in the Regent's Park. Two
shots were exchanged without effect, when the seconds in-
terfered and caused the parties to withdraw, but unfortu-
nately without any amicable arrangement. The affair is
said to have originated in the one gentleman endeavouring
to supplant the other in the esteem and affections of an
amiable young ladY.—Morning:Paper.