The Sun.
London, England, 1842-11-30 00:00:00

NINGP O.

Ningpo is the chief city of a department, and a place
,f extensive trade. The plain of Ningpo, which re.
ierubles .a garden for its levelness and cultivation, is
livided by 66 canals made by the waters that fall from
lie mountains ; this vast quantity of water, fertilising
he plain, causes it to yield two crops of rice : the walk
Ningpo are 5,074 geometrical paces in circumference,
mil from the eastern to the western gate, through a
.treet which lies almost in a perfect line, there art
.i.clioned 5,274 large paces; the walls,
.built of free-stone,
.re in good repair, and capable of resisting every thing
tut cannon-balls. There is an entrance into the city
.hrough five gates, two of which are towards the east,
is the port is on that side ; not to speak of the twi
Nate', gates, so called by the Chinese, which are two
treat arches that open through the walls to givt
tassage for the barques in and out of the city to ;
he canals. On the south-west side there are no build-
ngs worth notice, except one tower, several stories
nigh, built of brick, and before the eastern gate, which
ies southward, there is a bridge over the Kin made of 16
La-bottomed barques, fastened together with iron chains.
file entrance into Ningpo is difficult, especially for large
vessels, there being but 15 feet water over the bar in the

highest tides. In coming up the river, the city Tin-bßi-
hien, which is under its jurisdiction, is passed on the lef‘
hand ; it is commanded by a citadel built on a hie!rock,
rock, by the foot of which all vessels must necessarily
pass, at half the distance of a pistol-shot ; the river here
is seven or eight fathoms deep, having salt-houses on each
side, with towns.
Ningpo is situated on the north bank, five or six
leagues up the river Ta-bed, the mouth of which is about
nine leagues distant from Chusan harbour.
Directly to the north-westward of this river is a deep
gulf, the disemboguement of the river Tseen-tano. A few
miles up the gulf is Hang-chow-foo, the capital of the
province Che-kiang, a place celebrated for its :ilk manu-
factures, and the seat of an extensive maritime as well as
inland trade. Kan-poo was formerly the port of Hang-
chow, but the gradual accumulation of sands has ren
tiered it useless.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES OF AITTHORI
TIES AND PERSONS IN CHINA.
CONFUCIUS, THE CELEBRATED CHINESIt‘
PHILOSOPHER.
Confucius was born in a town of the kingdom'of Lou,.
in the province of Chan-tong, just about two years,
before the death of Thales, one of the seven sages of
Greece. He was contemporary with the famous Pyth2;
tgores,his p inods Socratesopher.
cappeareds suo, oa ns after
tChhrienea
veers
when he lost his father, called Tcho-leang-he, wh,°, di
hpst
at the age of 73. The old man enjoyed the mg—.--
offices in the kingdom of Song, and left no ether inhen
ante to hi, son but the honour of descending from Tigesl
the 27th Emperor of the second race of Chang ,13!
mother, whose name was Ching, and who bad her 01'02.1
from the illusteions family of the Yen, lived 21 Yel'4l
after the death of her husband. At!
A grave and serious air marked his younger days: „s'
15, he applied himself to the serious study of the auc'ert
books, and stored his mind with maxims of virtue.
the age of 19 he married, and had but one wife,
w of
brought hiM a son called Pe-yee, who died at the age %,
50 ; his heir was Tsou-tse, who trod in his father
steps. The changes which he effected within a few years
in all the little kingdoms of which the empire consisted,
were marvellous. His salutary ordinances banished
and set up everywhere in its stead, modesty, virtue, to
perance, and sincerity. When at the age of 55, 11 Lou
raised to one of the chief offices in the kingdom o'
his native country ; in less than three months its fa," Lto
changed, and the grandees and people had resr—, the
none but him. From thence he passed throUgri-,of
kingdoms of Tsi, Guci, and Tsou, and the austere
his morals made him everywhere dreaded. His histilllose7o;
work of Tchun-tsiou was completed after his Ph
ti
labours, and he finally died at the age °t.
in Tsou.
; LW'
A few days before his last distemper he tel
10 me
ciples, with tears in his eyes, that he was over Tin
with grief at the sight of the di.orders which reign?, tile
the empire. " The mountain is fallen," said be,
dissr
high machine is demolished, and the sages are etiori
peared,"—meaning thereby that the edifice of peril .er-
which he had endeavoured to raise, was ahnost he
thrown. From that time he began to languish, and t
seventh day before his death, turning himself towairvi
ds
his disciples, " The Kings," said he, "refuse to f°l:r°th
my maxims, and since I am no longer useful ontbe ese is
it i 5 necessary that I should leave it." After
words, he fell into a lethargy, and died in the armsoo.l
his disciples. LAMENTATIONS AT HIS DEATllwcthe' '',
the first news of Confucius' death, Ngai Cong, „ The
reigned in the kingdoms of Lou, broke into tears. ~e
Tem (or God) is not satisfied with me," cried he, They.``c
it has taken away Confucius." His SEPULCHRE-11,M
built his sepulchre near the city Kiou-fou, on the "'pus, i
of the river Su, in the same place, where he was 3c,',-d
tomed to assemble his disciples; this has since been
• ds)•
within walls, and looks.like a small city to this verY,
PERSON OF CONFUCIUS—His stature was tail and ir
proportioned ; his breast and shoulders large ; es
grave and majestic ; his complexion olive ; el •
large ; his beard long and black ; his nose a little flee-
his voice strong and sharp. On the middle of his f?rtki:
head there was a swelling or prominence, which a lithei
disfigured him, for which reason his father gave him le, I
name of Kieou, which signifies Little Bill ; this is
wise the name he sometimes gave himself out of tuocieso'fli
and humility. BIS DOCTRINES—The whole doctrine..!
this philosopher tended to restore human nature to 01`•1
former lustre. and that first beauty it received frog
Heaven, since sullied by the darkness of ignorance .AP,
the contagion of vice.
()V
TAOU-KWA.NG, THE PRESENT EMPEROR

CHINA. • ;
This monarch, who now sways the destinies ef
et 110,1! '
mmense empire, ascended the throne on the 2d SePtest
ber, 1820, upon the death of his father, Kea-King ;
although a contest for the succession between
hisl 1in4600.
his brother was at first apprehended, the claims 0, `runs.
Kwang were peaceably acknowledged ; and oilthe I
ing on himself the reins of Government, he assum
name of Yuen-hung; under which he is scarcely kleve':
among Europeans. Taciu-Kwang, is, on the whole,
t
vourably spoken of, being represented to be of a beneit„
lent disposition, and not given to those acts
°f crur;"
or despotism which have disgraced many of his aloes•
tors. He has several children by the late En3P oe
The second son, having shown signs of a rebelliout
position, has been dispatched to the Monkdon
with strong injunctions to treat him with severity, es.
Taou-Kwang, although a despotic Monarch, '9lOO
tirely at the mercy of the ministerial Mandarins'„hief
form " the interior Council Chamber," and the
Councillors are four in number, two Tartars, an,o%iees
Chinese ; the former always taking precedence. P`„tder'
these are a number of assessors, who form the eat
Council of State. A peculiar feature of the Goeern`",ies,
is the office of censors, who are, properly speakingssiersed
By the ancient custom of the empire they are priv"heo'ot
to present any remonstrance to the Sovereign, wiit de-
danger of losing their lives, but they are frequentqs
Miniters
graded, if their advice is unwelcome. These
the
also dictate the measures to be pursued, and keePf his
o
Emperor entirely ignorant of the principal events
awed
empire; and he in all probability was not 00:11:1" ries,
with the formidable armament invading his territo,
till the thunder of the British artillery resounded
Nankin, and awakened him from his celestial slowhe
of fatal security. fns
Taou-Kwang, genealogically derives his origin as:
Tartar extraction, and from the following eircumstall by •
—ln the year 1644, Pekin was besieged and takePonl
the rebel Li-tse•tching, who, on the Emperor Hoar-treec
and his consort killing themselves in despair, 9-45/ssa-
the imperial title ; he was opposed by Prince Oa igt.
Kouei, who invited the Mantchow Tartars to his assd at
ante ; when upon the usurper being defeated, al the
length killed by some peasants, the Tartars plae'sse,
nephew of their Sovereign, a child of seven years of e
on the throne of China.
meg/
In 1649, the Tartars, having completed the ee% of
of China, the year is reckoned as the first of the rmeoti
Chun-tsi, with whom began the twenty-second dle„ces
of Tsing, of which race the sixth Emperor is
reignin er
g.
or'
First Emperor, 1649, Chun-tsi ; Second ;
1664, Kang-hi ; Third Emperor, 1734, Yongste"or,
Fourth Emperor, 1735, Kien-long ; Fifth El:Opr ise°,
1796, Kea-king ; Sixth and present Emperor,
Taou-Kwang.
issolh
The lofty title Taou-Kwang, " the glory of resole
was chosen by the Emperor for himself, and t".thei
better in his personal character than his father, YeV,l act
as yet been hardly supported. The most disgrace of
of
of his administration has been the murder, in 18- hsil
the Mahomedan Tartar Prince, Jehanghir, sed•
surrendered himself in reliance on the faith of nr°ltutal
Taou-Kwang is now about fifty-six years of age ;
and thin, and of a dark complexion. On his dee° te, ile
Regency is expected. Occasionally this great rule 0,
lord of ten thousand years, condescends to give it! pro
count of his conduct to his people; but his pater" r'edes
clamation is chosen from the best models of his P, the
cessors, just as one might make a poem out eledsd
" Gradus ad Parnassum.' The greatest points attseares"
to are, that it should be exceedingly classical irre,l, pat
sion, and written in a very elegant hand. it is We
into the Pekin Gazette, and distributed over the
The late Emperor issued one just before his
subs
Having caught cold out hunting, he informshiss..inblo of '!
"Having whipped my horse across the inoan'„d ar
Kwan-jui, I felt the phlegm rise to suffocation,!..; that
prehended I should not recover." He then orated she -
all the great officers should cut off their tailseleadS, '
ladies of the harem and the Empress shave their for
and that all public documents should be written ,o
twelvemonth in blue ink.
. -
THE LATE CHINESE EMPRESS, NEWIC-00t1711 stre,
. •
The Chinese Empresses of the Celestial °rot s
neither in the ancient nor modern history of Chleßsloyal
with particular mention. Mere appendagsss to the car- oss
person of the Emperor, there appear to have been 0 be•
nee
cumstances which have called for "their appeag,„, late,,pr r
yond. the walls of the Inipe-eial Palace. 1"b e- ea as ;it ,
Empress Newkooluh "ppeass; however, to haYedict was A
?erson of great worth, and at her death a new e nor in -L,y_t
issued, in which her excellent virtues were held Tr.aoss-
tots,e'
,he strongest language of conjugal affection. Ovese held 510'1
mg with kindness towards all, lovely and winning, she of
„eal
control over the hearts of those around her not bY, "neer' 40-1
authority, bygentlencss and forbearance. The luritor her,
,;001•5'
confessed in this document his strong attachment
pre- t
Ind on account of the above sterling qualities wrofrhis 'oesi
railed upon to make her his spouse, and the lilee,tlo"r.enolo_risiee::7.
urea'. Three happy years thus passed : her
iightened thelsurden of government, and the charm she
ransfused around the Court conciliated all their to,
gt el'
soon, however, here these scenes of bliss chall4loo , I`lan
9_,
sadness, and her -unfortunate partner felt hinssell
vaihich
0
Nfvoarssaeksepneial
forsaken. There ereemiwneanst—onfiga
he elir
pdietqyu,alit and
sy for_,.%
she
sucarne a pattern to the Court, herposthum
ordered by the Emperor to be " lleaou-tseuen;!
:low, Empress Perfectibility of Filial Obedience
The burial of Newkooluh was celebrated
.with
;reat splendour. The Mongol Princes
wer Was
so in mourning, and even the Korean tribute-bearerthe
white
wdered to wear for a time, with all his suite,r,
brightest
all who knew her, for she was one o
Irsss of mourning. Her decease was lamented
hen we read that
jewels in the highest circles. But w
the musicians,
Liter so much display of sincere
grief, to strike
according to Chinese etiquette, were ordered
the vaults re- .:4,11.
tp the most favourite airs, and to make
we almost 1,49,1`
e directed to
anind with the merry peal of
either all ss-sr
10libt Whether, in this land of ceremony,thteitnieel, sincefeereily.
'cep-felt suffering were to be exchanged the gong,
'eve] and mirth, to expel dull care for ever.
ng was absorbed in form, or the
crmodu mournful strains off
forr the notes

CHINESE OFFICERS.
ADMIRAL Kwax.—lt was this Chinese r,ificer. wil°
conducted the transactions with Sir Frederkk Maiden ,
.Ind at a later period commanded the FAuadron of wit!:
junks, that encountered the Volap-e and Hyacinthe
November 3d. He mustered his, feet in considerabl9
casu,e
Force at Chueupee, and preparetl for aggressive in
with great celerity, aided b.,.;
:a multitude of flre..ves.".7.'