The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-26 00:00:00

ara
,4401, 'vbitte

SUN OFFICE Three o' Clock.

The grand public dinner given to Lord Asir-
BURTON in New York on the Ist—particulars
of which wiil be Ibund in another part of The
Sun of this day—is a sign of the times, as re-
spects the connection between England and the
United States, of the most auspicious import.
The dinner was given at Astor House, and is
desei ibed by the local journals " as one of the
most important and interesting fetes that ever
took place in America." Between two and three
thousand citizens had previously been introduced
to his Lordship at the Civic Hall, who warmly
congratulated him On the fortunate termination of
his labours; but indeed during the whole period of
his stay at Naw York, he seems to have been re-
ceived by all classes with the utmost respect and
cordiality. To this agreeable fact Lord ASH-
BURTON makes allusion in his speech, dwelling
on it with grateful emphasis, as a strong proof of
the mutual attachment that—notwithstanding
the differences that have from time to time
arisen—still exists, and, in all human probability
will long continue to exist, between England and
America. " I am bound to state," added his
Lordship, "and I do it • with sincere
pleasure, that I have met with nothing
on the part of the authorities of this
country, but the same earnest feeling of
good will, and the same desire for honourable
peace, with which I have my self been animated ;
and amongst all the memories which I shall carry
to the grave, none will be superior to those con-
nected with the lastact °filly life which brought me
here, and which has so successfully terminated."
There is an unaffected earnestness and sincerity
of feeling in these few and simple remarks
very unusual with diplomatists ; and they
appear to have made instant way to the
hearts of all . who heard them. But the
Americans seem from the very first to have
been prepared to receive his Lordship with cor-
diality—a proorthat his appointment was a judi-
cious one, though some of our Contempories
thought otherwise; and that Sir ROBERT PEEL'S
foresight did not lead him into error, when he
calculated that Lord ASHBURTON'S commercial
education, and plain, business-like turn of mind,
would tell greatly in his favour with Jonathan,
whose strong practical sagacity naturally leads
him to assess such qualities at a very high va-
luation.

The spirit displayed by all present at the din-
ner to which we have been alluding, was of the
most satisfactory character possible. The diffe-
rent speakers seemed to vie with each other in
the expression of their delight at the prospect
of a lasting peace between the two countries;
and Mr. EVANFJ, of Maine, who took a part in
the negotiations, warmly declared, " in the ma-
nagement of this Treaty there has been a frank-
ness—an openness—an earnest desire to settle all
difficulties without dissimulation, displayed on
both sides, which, it seems, beyond a doubt, has
laid the foundation for a long, a lasting, and a
glorious peace between Great Britain and
America." Cheering words, and, we trust,
prophetic! Two mighty nations like this country
and the United States, who, between them, en-
gross almost the entire commerce of the world;
who are constantly acting and' eacting upon each
other; and whom steam has brought into such
close fellowship together, that one may be said
to be the other's next-door neighbour ;—nations,
situated like these two, and speaking, besides,
the same language, glowing with the same
generous love' of freedom, possessing the same
energies, and of necessity deeply interested
in what concerns each other's welfare ;
nations, we repeat,• so situated, should never so
much as dream of going to war, for it is a game
'from which—be the results what they may—
both must rise up losers to a considerable amount.
Peace—lasting peace between England and the
United States should be—as it no doubt is—the
fervent wish of every good man in both coun-
tries. Lord ASHBURTON'S mission has done
much to insure this .desirable object; • it has
dispersed the dark clouds • that sortie months
ago hung over the politiCal prospects of
both countries; and implanted in the, breast
of America a kindlier feeling towards the mother
country than she has experienced for years past.
Thus thinking-, we feel so charitably disposed
towards Lord ASHBURTON, that we are almost
tempted to forgive him for his past sins of
apostacy, and to regard him as a disinterested
public benefactor, even though he was once a
Whig, and is now a Tory.

We believe no man ever was so cordially hated
as Sir R. PEEL is by the Old Tories. They
moved heaven and earth to raise a cry in his
favour at the general election, and when he was
fairly installed in Downing-street, they looked
forward with great complacency to the mighty
deeds he was to perform for the extension of
the Established Church, the protection of the
agricultural interest, and the dominion- of tlit
• party in Ireland which claims King ERNEST as
their patron ; but on all these points they have
been yufully disappointed. No Whig or Radi_
c d is half so bitter against this great Conserva-
tive leader, as the old English gentleman, who
gives daily that ancient and praiseworthy toast,
"Church and State." The agricultural interest,
however, appears to suffer more under his
inflictions than all the others together ;
tar while Churchmen and Orangemen, and the
whole race of Conservatives, only anticipate evil,
the landlord and tenant actually feel the effects
of his dangerous policy. The prices of cattle at
all the late fairs have fallen ; enormous quantities
of corn have been imported ; and when the 10th
of October comes, and American pork is ad-
mitted at the reduced duty, the trade of the
zraziers and pig-feeders will be at an end. All
these calamities, too, come upon them in direct
contradiction ofsolemn statements of Sir R. PEEL,
backed by the opinions of political economists.
They were assured that no cattle could be
brought from Spain, and that the number which
could be introduced from Holland and Germany
would be so small, that it could have no other
effect on the English market than to keep prices
steady ; yet they are pouring in from all quar-
ters, and, consequently, have caused a loss to
the graziers' of about 31. a head. " The new
tariff, in fact," says a Tory journal, " threatens
destruction to the
agricultural capital and in-
dustry of England;" and the writer, therefore,
argues that it will prove subversive of that agri-
cultural system on which the greatness of Eng-
land rests. The opinionsofpersons wh ocan advance
such a doctrine require no notice, for it is a well
ascertained fact, that but for the manufacturing
interest, which gives rise to our vast trade and
commerce, England would have been at pre-
sent only a fifth-rate Power. We feel
no such alarm at the fall of prices, be
cause it arises more from anticipation than
reality, and when the panic has subsided prices
will, in all probability, become more favourable
to the farmer. In the meantime, the public in
general will feel the advantage, trade will be
encouraged by the cheapness of provisions, and
another bond of union between this country and
other States will be established.

An order appeared in a Supplement to the
Friday'S Gazette to hold the Speciai Commission
which is nosy issued for the trial of offenders in
lancashire, at Liverpool. This order was mt.de
under an Act passed during the reign of the late
KING, which enables the Privy Council to select
places for holding assizes and sessions. It
seems to have excited some surprise in
Lancashire, and may occasion some incon-
venience ; but if our conjecture as to the
motives which dictated it be correct, it is deserv-
ing of praise.• It probably' spares some expense,
the greater number of prisoners to be tried
being in the Salford and Kirkdale gaols. But
the principal motive, we apprehend, for the,

rr-movn.l

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in any part of Lancashire, it be in the kei:;,il-
bourhood, we should suppose, of Liverpool.
We, own, however, that we are inclined to
think that it will be impossible at present
to find an. impartial Jury in Lancashire. The
passions and animosities of all classes have been
deeply excited by the late turn-out. It con-
cerned a question that comes personally home to
all the employers and all the employed in that
large district. Juries are, as the rule, taken from
only one class ; and therefore we are afraid that
it will be impossible now to find impartial jury-
men in Lancashire. We do not suppose eaat
they will strain the law, or strain their con-
sciences,buttheir minds are pre-occupied, and they
will not give to the circumstances which influ-
enced the conduct of the workmen that conside-
ration which they ought to receive, and on which
depend much of the guilt or innocence of the
parties.

-We are not quite convinced that even chang-
ing the venue to a different county, and appoint-
ing the Commission to sit in Middlesex, for ex-
ample, could now ensure a Jury, to try questions
concerning workmen and employers, with perfect
impartiality, but we are pretty sure that it cannot
be obtained in Lancashire. We throw no blame
on the individuals, but on the Jury system,
which, however admirable as a means of protect-
ing the rights of the people, and doing strict jus-
tice on ail questions in which the people and the
CroWn come into conflict, seems not well calcu-
lated to do justice in questions concerning
wages and strikes, and the consequences of
disputes between workmen and muilters. Ap-
pointing the Commission to sit 'at Liver-
pool is perhaps as good a means to avoid
these evils as can be found, but it will be, we are
afraid, quite inadequate. By referring to the
subject, and putting jurors on their'guard against
their own bias, ,we may do some good; and
therelbre we call on them to remember, that in
the nature of things, on the subject of the late
turn-out, they cannot hope to be impartial.

Madrid journals, which we receive of the dates
of the 17th and 18th, are more occupied with the
circumstances of the late duel in Cadiz than
with aught else.
The Madrid Gazette publishes a circular •of the
Minister of Justice, enjoining the tribunals to
prosecute duelling with the utmost rigour of the
law. Appended to this document is an article
recommending public functionaries" not to over-
step the limits within which the law has circum-
scribed them," and " never to enter into any
polemique with the journals about matters ol ad-
ministration."

The Government had obtained an advance of
2,000,000 of reals ; the one from the Marquis DE
REMISA, and the other from SenorSEvuLANo.The
latter requested of the Minister of Finance that
his share of the loan should be distributed among
the civil and military pensioners of the State.
Senor GONZALES had returned from San Se-
bastian.

There was nothing certain as yet respecting
the convocation of the Cortes ; but it was be-
lieved that it would take place on Nov. 1.
The Government had appointed Senor DIO-
NISIO VALDEZ Political Chief of Cadiz, in the
place of the late Senor Rrascit. Senor VALDEZ
had occupied a similar post at Barcelona in 1841,
and evinced considerable firmness in the dis-
charge of his official duties. Cadiz was perfectly
tranquil on the l2th.

No fresh disturbances have occurred at Cadiz,
but the situation of the province is anything but
satisfactory. Large bands of smugglers are still
assembled near Alicant, and appear to set the
troops at defiance.

There is a rumour of a project for overthrow-
ing the Government and re-establishing the Con-
stitution of 1812. The only chance of success
for such a demonstration would be in the defec-
tion of some of the army, but the- spirit of the
troops is considered good at present; notwith-
standing the irregularity with which they are p_dd.
No business on the Bourse on the 17th.
The Phare des Pyreaees of the 21st instant
announces that General ZURBANO had arrived at
Barcelona, whither he had been called by the
Captain-General to give an account of his .con-
duct towards a French merchant of the name of
LEPEVRE, who had been settled at Girona for
the last 25 years A suppressed convent in which
that gentleman had established a manufacture
being deemed by General ZURBANO an eligible
building for a barrack, he ordered the owner to
evacuate it without loss of time. M. LEFEVRE,
who is 73 years of age, having waited on the
General, and applied to him for a delay of eight
days before complying with that injunction,
" ZURBANO received him in the grossest manner,
and ultimately struck the old mari in the pre—
sence of all the officers of his staff." M. LESSEPS,
the French Consul at Barcelona, on hearing of
this outrage, immediately,
.demanded satisfaction
of the Captain-General,
who lost
ZURBANO to that city
no time in sum-
The Three per Cents. were done, on the 16th,
at 20Z- fbr cash ; and the Five per Cents. at 261
for cash, and 27 26 at 60 days. The debt
bearing no interest sold for 5 13-16, at 60 days.
There was little business negotiated on the 17th,
the Three per Cents. having closed at 21,1 ; and
the Five per Cents. at 261, at CO days.

•
We have received the Paris papers of Friday
and Saturday. The American Treaty, •and the
desire for peace evinced by most European
States, begin to produce a good effect even on
warlike France. It appears from the Commerce
that the French Government, confident of the
maintenance of peace, contemplates great re-
ductions in the land forces, and that the effective
force of every regiment of infantry will be re-
duc©d frotn",l2o men to 1,800. According to the
same journal, the Government contemplated
forming a corps of Municipal Guards sufficiently
numerous to constitute in itself the garrison of
Paris, when the fortifications shall have been
completed. The troops of the line would then
be quartered in the detached forts and in the
fortified barracks contiguous to the enciente
continue.

The notorious DEUTZ, whose name has been so
odiously mixed up with the arrest of the Duchess
of BERRY in November, 1832, had been arrested
in Paris, and was on the point of being tried
under a charge of inendicity and vagrancy. The
unfortunate wretch, after squandering 500,000
francs, paid him for betraying that Princess,
had fallen into the most abject misery. • It will
be remembered, that he abjured J udaism, and
was admitted into the Catholic Church, under
the auspices of the Duchess Of BERRY, who had
even condescended to act as his godmother on
his baptism. In 1833 DEUTZ returned to his
original creed, and whilst his father lived he re-
ceived from him ample means of existence.
After the death of ins parent he was obliged to
have recourse to the charity of his co-religionists;
but this resource at last failing him, he was re-
duced to beggary, arrested in the street, and
• lodged in a charitable asylum.
The Commerce states that M. GUIZOT and
Admiral DUPERRE were to leave for Eu on
Saturday, to give an account to the KING of the
result of the first meeting of tile Commissioners
appointed to examine the different questions
relative to the gum trade, which took place at
the Ministry of Marine on Friday. The Com-
mittee assembled under the presidency of M.
GA 13 TIER, a Peer of France, and is said to have
been attended by the Prince DE JOIN VILLE.
The French linen manufacturers are very,
jealous of the
favours granted to Belgium. Tlie
Constitutionnel proposes that the impoitlaiou of
linen from Belgium to France be limited to the
average quantity imported in the. last years, acrd
the duty raised as soon as this quantity is attained
in each year.
The Courrier Francais makes the following
remarks on the ASHBURTON treaty

" We do not blame England for having re•esta-
blMied, even at a considerable sacrifice, friendly rela-
tions with the United States. We have never desired
to see a war between the two countries, for we are
not of those who look with joy upon a tempest, in the
hope of getting the remains of some wreck; and we
are of opinion that France is strong enough not to