The Sun.
London, England, 1829-03-26 00:00:00

Board or Commission appointed to examine young
Magistrates, as appeared to be contemplated by the
Hon. Member who spoke last in the plan which he
had proposed. With respect to the Clergy, great
difficulties must arise in' many places—Dorsetsh►re
for instance—if the Clergy were excluded from
the Magistracy. He referred to the gentlemen of
the county in question, who he was sure would bear
him out in saying, that in consequence of the num-
ber of absentee proprietors, there would be the
greatest difficulty in obtaining efficient Magistrates,
but for the Clergy, who, he might add, were ex-
amples of industry and attention to the Lay Ma-
gistrates. No one could be so fit a judge as the Lord
Lieutenant of each county, of the degree of ne-
cessity that existed for the appointment of clerical
Magistrates.
Mr. EDWARD DAVENPORT did not say it
was necessary for candidates for the magistracy to
undergo an examination before any Board of Com-
mission. What he said -was, that they ought to
attend a certain number of times at the Sessions to
learn their duty.
Mr. BYNG asked the Right Hon. Secretary the
nature of the property that was to determine the
qualification and eligibility of persons for the office
of magistrates.
Mr. PEEL replied, freehold, copyhold, or custo-
mary tenure.
Mr. BYNG could only say, with regard to the
clergy, he had never found them anx►ous to put
themselves forward to obtain the office, or act in the
capacity of magistrates. They generally did so to
oblige their neighbours. He had no hesitation in
expressing his opinion as to the propriety of clergy-
men being admissible as Justices of Peace.
Mr. PEEL submitted, that the qualification of
property was the best test that could be devised
rattler existing circumstances, with respect to magis-
Ifites. He took the test as he found it established,
and thought it might be difficult to find a better.—
The power of appointing magistrates now rested in
the Lord Chancellor, and was exercised on as fair a
principle as possible. An Hon. Member appeared
to suppose that the Secretary of State recommended
the appointment of clergymen as magistrates. This
was a mistake. He (Mr. Peel) had never re-
commended any person to be appointed a Jus-
tice of the Peace. Indeed, he had cautiously
abstained from any interference with the ap-
pointment of magistrates, lest it should he sup-
posed that it was desired to give a Jolitical bias to
the magistracy. On this account he threw all the
responsibility of selection on the Lords-Lieutenant
of the respective counties, where it should rest, and,
he might add, by whom the power had been pro-
perly exercised. To give power to any board or
commission to examine magistrates, and determine
upon their legal acquirements and fitness for the
office of Justices of the Peace, was altogether out of
the question. An individual arrived at tlae age of
31,, and who possessed the necessary qualification as
to property, could exercise legislative functions in
Parliament without any previous examination. The
idea of examining candidates for the magistracy was
impracticable. With respect to an exclusive law
affecting the clergy, he beli-rred that it would be at-
tended with great public injury. In fact, he be-
lieved tl►e clergy did not wish to be included in the
magistracy, but he felt satisfied that during that
portion of the year when many of the lay magis-
trates were necessarily absent from the country upon
duties whiali called them to the metropolis, great in-
convenience must arise if there were not resident
clerical Justices of the Peace upon the spot. He had
no desire to have clergymen appointed to the magis-
tracy except where the public interests required it.
It was impossible to lay down any precise rule on
the subject which local circumstances might not ren-
der it necessary to vary. It was admitted t hat clergy-
men performed their magisterial duties with diligence
and ability, and therefore he should be sorry to see
them excluded by any general rule; he might add,
he should be equally sorry to see any rule as to their
general admission or general exclusion adopted.—
With respect to magistrates, clerical or lay, attend-
ing at petty sessions, he had taken precautions in
the Bill against the attendance of Justices being di-
rected so as to carry a particular object or overbear
others. This was a provision in the Bill, the main
object of which was to regulate the administration
and proceedings otCourts of Magistrates assembled
in petty session; and with that view, he thought
an open court a much better security for the due
administration of justice than any other which it
was possible to devise.
Mr. HUME said it was highly desirable, at least,
that no conviction should take place except by the
sentence of two Magistrates in open court.
Lord J. RUSSELL hoped time would be afforded
so as to allow an opportunity to receive suggestions
as to the clauses in the Bill from practical men.
Leave was then given, and the Bill was intro-
duced, read a first, and ordered to be read a, second
time this (lay fortnight.
Sir A. GRANT brought up the report of the
Committee on the Qualification of Freeholders (Ire-
land) Bill, which was agreed to after an observa-
tion from Mr. HUME, and also from Sir JAMES
GRAHAM.
The Innkeepers' Bill was read a third time, and
passed.
Mr. BYNG moved the second reading of the
County Bridges Bill.
Lord LOWTHER opposed it, and after a short
conversation, the second reading was postponed, in
consequence of the thin attendance of the House,
a►:.d fixed for Wednesday next.
Mr. INPLEOD presented petitions from the bo-
rough and incorporated trades, also from the inha-
bitants of the town, of Inverness; and another from
Fearn, in the county of Rose, against granting fur-
ther concessions to the Roman Catholics.
The House adjourned at a Quarter past Seven
o'clock.

The Earl of ABERDEEN and Mr. Secretary
PEEL visited the Duke of WELLINGTON yesterday.
Earl BATIIURST transacted business with Sir
Groacac .3.ll:Raax yesterday, at the Colonial-office.

The Earl of HUNTINGDON visited Ear,
13Arllur.sT yesterdly at the Council-office.

A vessel empt)yed in the India trade, called
the Jane Eliza, together with a valuable cargo, has been
seized to-day in the river, for a violation of the charter of the
East India Company. It seems that the law by which
the monopoly of that great trading body is established,
prescribes that no vessel shall make the voyage direct home
from China to England, without incurring the forfeiture
both of ship end cargo. The operation of this law has, it
seems, been heretofore usually evaded by touching at Singa-
pore, where the cargo being landed, and fresh clearances
obtained, nothing remained to vitiate the voyage. In the
low prices to which almost every description of goods has
fallen, this condition, necessarily involving a considerable
expense, was felt to be a very onerous one, and came by
degrees to be only partially complied with—that is, a
portion of the cargo, instead of tha whole, was landed
and the new clearances thus obtained were suffered to pass
without question. In the case of the June Eliza, how-
ever, no part of the cargo, it is admitted, was landed,
but the vessel, after having touched at Singapere,
proceeded with fresh clearances for England, and
the informality or fraud baying been discovered, has
been subjected to seizure in the manner described. The
cargo, independently of the vessel, is valued at 50,0001. ;
it consists chiefly of silk, nankeens, tortoiseshell, and other
articles usually imported front China. One house alone in
the East India trade has 800 bales of silk on board of the
Jane Eliza, and there are large consignments of the same
valuable description of goods to other houses in the sante
line. The affair has excited a most lively sensation among
the mercantile interest connected with that part of the
globe, who contend that this part of the Company's privi-
leges is most injurious to them, it is of no advantage to the
Corporation itself, and that it deprives them or their cor-
respondents, in the present depressed state of the English
markets, of all profit whatever from the shipments. It is
generally supposed that both ship and cargo will ultimately
be released, but not without considerable expense to all
concerned, as well as loss of time, which may prove more
injurious to the owners of the goods than any fine that will
after due consideration be imposed. The merchants are
highly indignant at the whole proceeding, and will, it is
said, avail themselves of it as a striking instance to prove
pany's aaonopoly.
the injurious nature of the Com

FIRST DEVELOPEMENT OF A PERFECT

BUTTERFLY OR MOTH.

Although in Kirby and Spence's valuable
work there is an interesting description of the
first developement of the butterfly, yet I take the
liberty of sending you an account of an instance
which fell under my own observation, containing
particulars which do not appear in their narration.
The moth (Phalm's pavonia, Emperor) which I
observed, was about five minutes getting out of its
tomb ; its wings were at first small, shrivelled,
and flabby, its body very large and unwieldy ;
for the first five minutes after its exit it did no-
thing but stretch its legs, and lie first on one
side and then on the other ; it afterwards lay
gently down on its back, with its wings lying
negligently at each side ; its pulse at this period
was at 60, for, as it lay stretched out, the joints
of the abdomen, if I may use that term for the
pliable parts which are not so visible in a
mature subject (like the joints of a lobster's
body). were transparent, and I could, there-
fore, see the internal movements ; after remain-
ing a few minutes in this state, the pulsa-
tion became considerably slower, and at the
same time the wings began to grow, the first
process was the injection of a yellow fluid from
the body, which shot very rapidly into the ner-
vure of the wings, and seemed to strengthen
them. Their further developement continued to
proceed from the base ; the action resembled the
convulsions of a bit of parchment in the fire, and
the wings, from the nervures being tense, were
very like a Savoy cabbage-leaf. In about a
quarter of an hour they had attained to their full
size but not strength. One side was perfected
before the other half was done ; the colours and
pencilling grew more evident and brilliant, as
the wings increased in size, which was the most
beautiful part of the process. The moth at last
turned itself heels over head, and then walked
about a little, but was very dull, and the wings
did not attain their maximum of strength till
about five hours after, when a copious evacua-
tion took place, and it immediately became quite
lively.—Maga;ine of Natural History.