The Sun.
London, England, 1842-11-11 00:00:00

WALMER CASTLE.

Jactat Walmer novas celebris arc, s
Notus Ca3sareis locus trophceis.
Walmer renowned, her new-built castle boasts,
A place wail-knov,llio Caesar's armed hosts.

The old historical memories which attach to Wal-
mer Castle, and which, from the earliest pages of our
annals downward, have contributed to throw no slight
celebrity arcund it, are now about to add to :their
number the visit of our illustrious Queen, in defence
of whoze shores and people its bulwarks were originally
built.

Widmer Castle stands close to the sea-shore, at
some distance from the village of the same name, and
commands a fine view of the Downs, and coast of i
France. It was built by her Majesty's ancestor, King
Henry the Eighth, in the year 1539, and therefore
bears at the present moment upon its walls and bas-
tions the marks and furrows of three hundred and
three years. Its form of construction is that of four
round lunettes of very thick stone-arched work, with
many large port-holes. In the middle is a great
round tower, with a cistern on the top of it, and
underneath an arched cavern, bomb-proof; the whole
is encompassed by a fosse, over which is a draw-bridge.
Before Walmer Castle was built there existed be-
tween it and Deal Castle, which lies but at a short
distance, two eminences of earth, called the Great
and Little Bulwark. These still remain, as proof of
the necessity understood by our ancestors of fortify-
ing this portion of the coast. These once had
embrasures for guns, and formed with others a
defensive line of batteries along that part of
the shore, where there was deep water, and whei-e
ships of war could approach the shore to cover the,
disembarking of an enemy's army. The Governor- ,
ship of Walmer Castle was, by Act of 32 Henry VIII.
cap 48, together with the others built in this county
and Sussex, collectively known under the name of
Quinque Portuum, or Cinque Ports, put under the
rule of a Captain or Lord Warden, an office at the
present moment honourably filled by the illustrious
Duke.

It was on this spot that the Roman Eagle, after
traversing with unfurled wing the intervening sea.s,
first stooped and alit in Britain. Here Caesar, herald-
ing his cohorts, landed; and here, too, this " lord of
legions" fought his first battle in the sea, before British
prowess or patriotism allowed an invader to plant foot
upon our shores. It was here, also, that on the
fourth night after his arrival, a great storm damaged
and destroyed so many of his high-prowed ships of
burthen, and so injured his galleys, that he was com-
-11ed to draw them ashore, where the foundations of
warner are now embedded, subsequently enclosing
them Vrith his camp and fortifications. The remnants
of this " ship-camp" are still to be seen ; and Camden
designates the remains by the terse appellative of
" Rome's works." Not, however, but that Caesar':.
" sea-camps " existed in a far mightier body and
shape than any traces of the present day exhibit
them, for most of them have, ages since, been ab-
sorbed by the ocean, which has so long been
exercising its power, and. wasting the coast away.
Even since Henry the Eighth's time it has carried off
the 52a-ward esplanadeof Walmer, and part of its cir-
cular forts. Of' late years, indeed, only the providen-
tial ejectment of pebbles has put a stop to the en-
croachment, in some measure; yet it is still amazing
to see how, by degrees, fosses and trenches are filled
up, and the waters fly even over the banks a consider-
able way into the land.
Camden and Lambarde, in referring to the second
expedition of Caesar hither, state that he again landed
at Walmer, and most likely at the exact spot where
he had done so the year before. After he bad taken
his final departure from Britain, the Romans no longer
resorted to this locale, but used the port of Rich-
borough on all occasions.
Placing one's-self on the turrets of Wagner, an
extensive and magnificent prospect appears on every
side. Sandwich haven,—the resort and rendezvous of
war, and trading-ships, and a vast maritime popula-
tion; Deal,—which in Henry the Eighth's time was
only a small fishinr-village, but which now contains
nearly four thousand souls, with its bold open beach,
dock-yards, and stores; the Goodwin Sands,—with
their soft, spongy, porous surface whose quicksands
will, in six days, swallow up a ship of the largest size
that may chance to strike on them, and which have
" ingurgitated" and voraciously devoured multitudes
of wrecked crews, and properties both personal and
landed ;—these' more or less, meet the eye of the spec-
tator. But the finest view of all is the magnificent ex-
panse of the Downs—a" safe and commodious road-
stead for the largest fleets of ships—eight miles in
length, and about six wide, and which, with innume-
rable merchant ships, is sometimes entirely covered.
Their waters gleam in the sunset, and roll to the op-
posite coast, with a smooth splendour, which the finest
channels of other seas cannot often show.
As regards situation, Walmer lies adjoining Deal
in a southward direction, being so called as Valium
Maris or Wall-rner, being the wall, or fortification
made against the sea. It was once part of the hun-
dred of Cornilo, and the manor in which it is situated
was anciently part of the possessions of the eminent
family of Auberville. The Captains of Walmer Castle
have been as follows :
Thomas Alleyn, Gent., appointed by King Henry
VIII. for life, obiit ammo 4 Edward VI.
In the year 1558, the Captain of Walmer Castle
was killed by a felon.
William Blaichinden, Esq., appointed by King
Edward VI., June 12, in his fourth year-for life.
Edmund Lisle, Esq., appointed in 1616 for life, and
died Oct. 1, 1637.
John Menges, appointed on Nov. 10, 1637, anno
13 Charles 1., for life.
Christopher Buys was afterwards Captain.
Hon. Charles James Fox, in 1779.

William Scott, Esq., 1860.
Mr. Pitt, also Colonel of the Cinque Port
Cavalry. Lastly, his Grace the Duke of Wellington,
of whom, it is to be hoped, that he may yet survive
many years in the enjoyment of the office.
Towards the village ofWalmer, there extends a fiat,
many feet lower than the high-water mark, which the
beach thrown up along the shore, has fenced from the
sea, and which probably, when Owsar landed, was all
covered with water. Round Walmer Church, which
stands at the south-end of the village, on a rise, is a
deep single fosse.
Walmer is noted for the salubrity of its air, and, in
addition to the beauties of the scenery we have de-
scribed, for its adjoining country, consisting almost
wholly of unenclosed corn fields.

The high-road from Deal to Dover, passes through
builtthe in
v i lla
g ea
whichneatand is W called ahner-street, and is
prepossessing style. Several
handsome houses adorn it, which are much resorted
to in
the 'winer season for the benefit of sea-
bathing,and the purity of the air.
,
Leland in his " Itinerary," gives the following
description
of Walmer in his time, that beingr, in the
reign of " bluff King harry :"
" Walmer is about a mile from Dele shore, and
Tooke as from the farther syde of the mouth of
Dovar ; the shore is low to Vralmere, so is the shore
all cliffy and bye from Walmere to the very point of
Dovar Castell ; and there the shore falleth flat, and
a little beyound the towne of Dovar the shore cleveth
to Folkestone. From Walmere to St. Margaretes
ij miles, and ij miles to Dovar."
The town of \\rainier at present contains about 100
houses, 'and upwards of 800 acres of land. Its
church has been long reckoned a perpetual curacy,
and continues so at this time. It is not valued in
the Queen's books.

WYNYARD HOUSE, IVEDINESDAY.—Tho Marquis of
Londonderry, who had the misfortune to break his
arm by his horse falling with him en Monday, while
hunting, is going on well. Last night his Lordship
had some refreshing sleep, and the limb has been set
with skill by his Lordship's medical attendants. The
Marchioness wrote by yesterday's post to liolderness
House, to say that the answer to any inquiries was to
be that the Marquis was recovering. Lord Castle-
reagh arrived from town last week, being his second
visit to his noble relatives since his return from the
east, and will remain here some time.Alidtabuegphrtee-r
pre-
liminaries have been arranged for the marriage of the
Lady Fanny Emily Vane Stewart, eldest
of the Marquis and Marchioness, with the Marquis
of Blandford; eldest son of the Dui;e_ of Marlborough,
and the ceremony will take place in town at the close
of the ensuing season, by. which period the Marquis
will have'attained his majority. His Lordship is now
cruising with Captain Lyon, in the Circassian yacht,
in the Mediterranean, whence he intended to make a
.--The answer to inquiries
touvriisncoSuyNrria
ia\,nrEdLElioguyßpNE.
t
yesterday at the Noble Viscount's residence in South.
street Was thathis Lordship continued to improve in
health, but he was not yet able to leave his room, and
it was uncertain when Ids Lordship would remove to
town. We hoar also that the Noble ex-Premier is
hises
os usual aul gay Granville
av spirits.
graidhuealElyarrlecaon7rcino
recovering
FlorenOe, from Germany.
ille have arrived at

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS

Imola THE MORNING PAPERS OF THIS DAY.
CITY, THURSDAY EVENING.

POST.—Advertisements are put forth by the CM-
,
han and Spanish Governments. That of the former
refers to the proposed issues of new Six per Cent. and
new Three per Cent. Bonds. That of the latter, with
the signature of Senor Borrajo attached to it, refers
to the dividends accrued and accruing upon the late
consolidation of Five per Cent. Coupons. It must,
however, be observed to Senor Borrajo, that the
scrupulous adherence to the very letter of the law,
and of the public notices of the Financial Commis-
sion, which is impressed as so essential on the part of
the holders of the said coupons, forfeiture itself being
threatened as the penalty of neglect, but ill accords
with the example set by the Spanish Government in
the breach of almost the whole of its engagerhents.
Payment of another dividend on the New Three per
Cent. Stock is, if not actually announced, vaguely
hinted at as probable ; and it is hoped that disap-
pointment may not follow, as in other instances.
The Treasury bondholders are still left out of view.
They now enter on the seventh year occurring since
the issue of their securities, and the Spanish Em-
bassy and Financial Commission act as though they
conceived the poor dupes could exist on the satisfac-
tion derivable from a perusal only of their pompausiv-
worded bonds—bonds at one time highly prized in
London and of great value, owing to public notices of
payment having appeared. The pledges contained in
those notices have never been fulfilled, and 'it now_
creates no small disgust to find the Spanish authori-
ties preaching in the journals of the indispensable ne-
cessity of attention the most rigid bring paid to ad-
vertisements on a like subject emanating from 'the
same source. The quotation of the New Three per
Cent. Spanish Stock is positively prohibited in the
French and Dutch markets. Why, then, it is asked,
should all this severity of rule andidtscipline be ex-
ercised towards the English bondholders, who are
notoriously the most grievous of all sufferers from the
duplicity of Spain, and with the fact before us that
' up to the present time the Five per Cent. stocks are
still quoted at Madrid, with all the coupons attached
to them, from which it is to be inferred that the prin-
ciple of exclusion is partially exercised to their pre-
judice.
TIMES.—As many letters are constantly addressed
to us from the holders of those Bonds of the United
States Bank that commonly, though improperly, have
the name of " Denison's loan," it may be as well to
inform the writers more particularly than has yeaeen
done, that far from their interests having been neg-
lected by Messrs. Overend and Gurney, we are
sured on good authority that firm was unremitting
in applications to the Bank. As soon as the pay-
' ment of the dividends ceased, in the early part of
this year, they addressed a letter to the President
of the " United States Bank," setting forth their
own position as particularly bound to advocate the
interests of the bondholders. To this letter they
Imceived no answer, and it was not till another had
been sent, that the President of the "United States
Bank" thought fit to reply. They were then in-
formed that the property of the bank had been as-
signed to trustees for the benefit of domestic credi-
tors, and that the reason why this preference had
been shown to those over the creditors in Europe was,
that the latter were considered to be sufficiently pro-
tected by the bonds deposited as security—that is,
by the doubtful bonds of Pennsylvania and the trash
,of Mississippi and Michigan. The only portion of
dividend that has been received immediately on the

guarantees of the States themselves has been from
Pennsylvania this year, and this was appropria4ed to
satisfy part of the arrears due on the bank bonds in
April. As for the hopes of the bondholders, now
that Pennsylvania has ceased paying her dividends,
they arc in a desperate condition indeed.
A mercantile correspondent calls attention to a fact
which is probably pretty generally known in cons-
! Inercial circles, but which many of the humbler classes
'who correspond with friends in America, and to whom
it is of much importance, have yet to learn. This is,
that according to the postage regulations of the United
States, a letter enclosed in an envelope is charged as
a, double letter.

CHRONICLE.—The want of a moderate fixed
dt. ty on foreign corn forms the chief obstacle to the
coLopletion of a commercial treaty between Spain and
Gre at Britain. It is well known that if the raw
produce of the Spanish soil were admitted into Eng-
lish ports under a fixed import duty, the Spanish
Cabinet would receive immense support in the ap-
proaching meeting of Cortes, in their wishes to admit
British cottons into the ports of Spain under an ad
-valorem duty of about 25 per cent. The proposal of
-substituting a duty of 40 per cent. in lieu of the pre-
sent prohibition, would be of no use. It would not
suppress smuggling, and would, therefore, be of little
or no advantage to the Spanish treasury. But with
a duty of 25 per cent. the contraband trade would be
,stopped, and the custom duties of Spain would be
increased to an extent that would soon enable the
i, Madrid Cabinet to restore the credit of their country,
1 and to do something great and permanent for the
advantage of the English bondholders. A new market
-would be opened up at the same time for British
. manufactures, by the demand that would arise to
v supply a population which cannot be estimated at
much under 12,000,000 of souls, and thus a recipro-
cal and permanent benefit would be conferred on
both nations. _ _ _ _ _ .

SUN.—The steadiness in the English market was
maintained up to the conclusion of business, with a mo-
derate number of transfers. There seems nothing just
now to derange the market, as wheat speculations
hay e seme time died away, and may be considered as
effeci"ually closed for yet a long period, by the rise in
the da,ty to-day to 20s. per quarter. Consols for
Money dosed at 941 and for Account at 944. Ex-
cheuer BL'lls realised As. premium, being rather
dulls; and East India Bonds were worth 51s. to 525.
premium. Bank Stock remained firm at 172 to 173;
and India Stock advanced to 259. New Three-and-
a-Half
per Cents. were 1011 tc 1011; Reduced,
Three-and-a-Half per Cents, 1001 to 1011; and
Three per Cent. Annuities, 93.1 to 931. Long An-
nuities were at 121.
Very little was doing in any of the Foreign Stocks,
and the market closed flat. Spanish Fives were 18 to
171, and the Three per Cents. 21i. Mexican Stock
also receded, not being higher than 32i to 33 for
money. Columbian were dull at 211, but Buenos
Ayres improved to 21i.. Brazil Stock was worth
634 being the previous value.
Shares were marked the turn lower, the bargains,
in addition to those noticed this morning, being—
Birmingham and Gloucester 581; Edinburgh and
Glasgow, 3 ; Brighton, 141 ; and North Midland, 37
discount. Birmingham Quarter were 22k; Northern
and Eastern Scrip,li- ; and Paris and Rouen, 2,i- to 21
prem. London and Westminster }Lank Shares were
21 to 21; and Union of Australia New, 2! premium.

PUBLIC HEALTH.—In the last number of The
Lancet is a communication from Mr. Curtis, the
aurist, drawing the attention of flit profession to the
step recently taken by the bankers to shorten the
hours of business, and stating his intention to en-
deavour to procure the adoption of a similar measure
throughout the trades in London and elsewhere. He
has already obtained the consent of many of the prin-
cipal linen-drapers, as he did that of the bankers, and
does not doubt that the proceeding will be general.
With the milliners but little good, he fears, can be
done save by legislative measures, and he states that
a Bill to control their hours of labour, the same a
s
for the factory girls, will be introduced next session.
His attention was first directed to the inquiry which
has prompted his remarks, we understand, by finding
that many cases of deafness were caused by close con-
finement, want of exercise, and impure air. He Con-
cludes his letter with a recommendation that the public
parks be rendered more attractive and available by the
erection of casinos, where refreshments may be
tlohn
_
tamed as on the Continent. In this conimunea
Mr. Curtis is only following up the course upon i
whicho
he catered four years. ago is his work upon the Pre-
servation of Health, which abounds in .suggestions the
adoption of which would go far t!::, convert the living
h
te
sepulchres of our country, its large towns, into
healthy abodes of cheerful and happy beings.
MA.anTED Yirommv Ix PARIS.--The following sta-
tistic of the ages of the 121,525 'women warned jlt
Paris in the course of the last 18 years is given by
one of the French journals as havingbeen
verified by
the registers of the Etat Civil.
Between 12 stud 15
years old there were 814—at 16 years 1,9,20—at 17
}ears 3,959—at 18 years 5,816
—at 19 years 6,96.7
years
at 20 years 7,610—at 21 8,047—at 22 orr:23
between 7,000 and B,ooo—at
6,ooo—but at 26, 07, 24 or 25 upwards ;of
5,000. This decreasing and 28 thescarcely exceed
ng progression does on so that'
up to 31 years there w,cre only 3 651—thence, to 41-,
years 1,798—at 42 years 1,01 at 48 years 586—
at
56 years 226—at 60 years 126, and during the
,13
years there were 578 marriages of women Aged :61
years and upwards. Another account shows that out
of 1,000,000 married in Paris 521,653, being more
than one-half, were married before the commencement':
of their 26th year.
TR ALEE.—The fair in this town on Monday was
very numerously attended, and there was a large
of stock ; but the farmers complained loudly oMhe
depreciation in value, there being a decided falling off
in prices, except for sheep, even since the last
fair here, on the 10th of October. Very little busi-
ness was transacted, and, on the whole, it was a bad
fair for sellers. Good milch cows fetched Si., inferior
ones much lower; heifers from 3/. to 3/. 10s.: a few
prime ones, 4/. ; store sheep, Bs. to 10s.; fat ditto,
18s. to 20s. In the price of pigs there was a remark-
able falling off, the best description bringing but 20s.
the cwt.; inferior ditto, 15s. to 18s. The prices at
our last fair averaged 255. the cwt.—Kerry Exaininet‘.
THE IRISH-OFFlCR.—Workmett, by order of theßoar d
of Works, are now employed in repairing the Irish-
office in Great Queen-street, and no intention exists
of
removing the business of the department to G dyr
House, Whitehall, at present.