The Sun.
London, England, 1829-11-04 00:00:00

HUNTING INTELLIGENCE.

APPOINTMENTS FOR THE PRESENT WEEK.
The York and Ainsty Fox Hounds, on Tuesday, at
White House, Easingwuld; Thursday, at Acastrr ;
and Saturday, at Flaxhy—at Half-past Ten.
Sir T. Sykes's Fox Hounds, on Wednesday, at Larg-
ton ; and Friday, at Hilditigley Gate—at Ten.
The Sinnington Fox Hounds, on Friday, at Hutton
Bank Top—at Nine.
The Cleveland Fox Hounds, on Thursday, at Guis•
brongh Park—at Ten.
The Holderness Fox Hounds, on Thursday, at White
Cross; and Saturday, at Bainton New Inn—at Eleven.
The Northumberland Fox Hounds, on Friday, at Seven
M le house, Blorpeth-road—at Ten.
The Haydon Hounds, on Saturday, at Glendue—at
Nine.

York City Harriers, on Friday, at Barreliffe—at H4ll-
- Ten.
The Boroughbridge Harriers, on Friday, at Dishforth—
at Half-past Ten.
The M. H., on Friday, at Burton Farm.
Mr. Lester's Harriers, on Saturday, at Longham.
Hr. Codringtou's Hounds, on Friday, at Sherrington
Pond, Great Ridge.
The Burton Harriers, on Friday, at Yandover Farm.
The Somersetahire Subscription Fox Hounds, on Friday,
at Kingscliffe.
Mr. Berkely's Hounds, en Thursday, at Rovon ; and
Saturday, at Harrold Kennel—at Half-past T, n.
The Pembrokeshire Fox Hounds, on Monday, at Wat-
terhon ; and Thursday, at S, otland Wood—at Ten.

The Ha:nbledon Hounds, on Monday, at Berry Lodge ;
Wednesday, at Wickham Gate; anti Friday, at Basing
Park—at Half-past Ten.

Dird Kintore'A Hound% on Monday, at Ashdown Park ;
Wednesday, at Cold Harbour ; Friday, at Kingston Inn.
The Surrey Fox Hounds, on Monday, at Addington ;
Thursday, at Westerham ; and Saturday, at Grinstead
Green—at Half-past Ten.
Mr. Jolliffe's Hounds, on Monday, at the Hooky House ;
Wednesday, at Brockham ; and Saturday, at the Kennel
—at Eleven.

Mr. Foljambe's Fox Hounds, on Monday, at Clayworth ;
Tuesday, at Scrooby Inn ; Wednesday, at East Markham ;
and Friday, at Aeton Half-past Ten.
The Badsworth Fox Hounds, on Monday, at Hut Green ;
Tuesday, at Haddlesey Bridge ; Thursday, at Hampole
Inn ; and Saturday, at Notton Village—at Ten
The Earl of Harewood'e Fox Hounds, on Monday, at
Collingham Bar ; Wednesday, at Boot and Shoe ; and
Friday, at Deighton Bar—at Ten.
Tile Shropshire Fox Hounds, on Monday, at Montfort!
Village; Wednesday, at Stoke Heath; and Friday, at
Woodcote---at Half-past Ten.
The Montgomeryshire Fox Hounds, on Tuesday, at
Llanfair ; and Friday, at Guilsfield Village—at Ten.
Mr. Dansey's Hounds, on Tuesday, at Kentchurch Park ;
Thursday, at Berrington ; and Friday, at Kyrewoo,l—
Ten.

Mr. Shawe's Hounds, on Tuesday, at Tiiickbroom ;
and Friday, at Fisher's Mill—at Half-past Ten.
The Blackmoor Vale Hounds, on Tuesday, on Bideomhe
Down, Bradley ; and Friday, at Cadbury House.
The Cadbury Harriers, on Monday, at Cuekling,ton ;
and Thursday, at East Hill.
The Worcestershire Fox Hounds, on Tuesday, at Staun.
ton Swan Inn ; and Friday, at Leigh Sinton—at Ten.
The East Sussex Fox Hounds, on Monday, at Laughton ;
Tuesday, at Clapham House ; Thursday, at Southease;
and Saturday, at Ringmer-green—at a Quarter to Eleven.
Mr. Bulteel's Fox Hounds, on Tuesday, at Hall Planta..
lion ; and Friday, at Rohorough House—at Ten.
Mr. Osbaldeston's Hounds, on Tuesday, at Kelmarsh ;
Thursday, at Misterton ; and Friday, at Bytehley—at Half-
past Ted.
The Conock Harriers, on Monday, Beckham Furze ;
and Friday, at Imber Furze..—at Eleven.

The Kenipstone Hounds, on Monday, at Mr. Wright's,
llow;hain ; Wednesday, at Sporle Mill ; aid Friday, at
Norton Hall--at Eleven.

Sir Jacob Astley's Hounds, on Monday, at Dular's
Bridge ; and Friday, at Guist Bridge—at Eleven.
Mr. 11. Villebois's Harriers, on Tuesday, at Fincham
Turnpike; Thursday, at Hale Dale; and Saturday, at
Fryar's Thorns—at Eleven.

The Quorn Ilounds, on Monday, at Kirby Gate ; Tues-
day, at Bardon Hall ; Wednesday, at Krttleby ; Thurs-
day, at Barkby Hall; and Friday, at Widsnerpool Inn—
at Half-past Ten.

Lord Anson's Hounds, on bfonday, at Bosworth ; Tues-
day, at Kirkby ; Thursday, at Lindley; and Saturday, at
Burbage—at Eleven.

Mr. Drake's 'Hounds, on Tuesday, at Bletchington ;
Thursday, at Waddeedon; and Saturday, at Crowton—at
Half• past Ten.

The Glossop Harriers, on Tuesday, at Stirrup; and
Thursday, at Picknase.
The Marquis of Cleveland's Fox Hounds, on Tuesday, at
Watlass Lime Kilns; Thursday, at 'Wale Plantations ;
and Saturday, at Morton Bridge—at Eleven.
The LatAton Fos Hounds, on Monday, at Elemore ;
Tuesd iv, at Panshaw Mill ; Thursday, at Branceiwth ;
an I Friday, at Wardenlaw—at Eleven.
Mr. Wicksted's Fos Hounds, on Tuesday, at Boar's
Head, Walkerton; and Friday, at Checkley
Half-past Ten.
The Cheshire Hounds, itlonday, at San-till-ay Head ;
o
Wednesday, at Os Hayes Farm ; Friday, at Duddoa
Meath ; and Saturday, at Ilighwayside—at Ten.
Ar.
Thursday, at Morley Turnpike; and Saturday, at Mark
Half-pasteatLnn:—lrdl%ateYilells Hounds,
Ten.da
, on Monday, at the Flourish.;
Yarborough's Hounds, on Monday, at Stilling
borough Hall; Wednesda.a, at Thonock House; Friday, ht
Wootton Haug; and Sat trday, atludbinongh—at Eleven.

SPIRIT OF TIIF. PU:ILTC JOURNAL:3

The Cork trials have ternintated in a manner
which at first could not have been expected by
the law officers, or it would have been by no
means discreet in them to advise an extramdi-
nary commission. After the dismissal of the
second jury for want of unanimity, tw9 more
p-isoners were put upon their trial, and without
much hesitation acquitted, by a jury to a man
composed of Protestants. After this result of a
case, supported by the same witnesses, and the
sane scrt of correhoretions as those which had
previously been brought. forward, and with
various effect, the Solicitor-General declarer!
that it ~vatt not his intention to put the remain-
hto 14 heiso-e-s on their defence, but that he
p,14,
ilAti his colleagues were satisfied to let them
tint on bail until the next assizes. Mr. Do-
}testy and Mr. O'Connell each descanted, in
earnest and impressive language, on the duty
of the peasantry to respect the law—to ab-
stain front criminal designs and associations ;
air! Mr. O'Cooneil particularly conjured his
hearers to take warding from the lesson
they bed just received, of the perils inseparable
from all confederacies, into which men of
rash and impetuous character are so ofien se-
&teed by perfidious hirelings, who instigate and
tixasperate, only to make a profit •by betraying
them. Of the existence of an extensive cousin-
rasy to murder, when we recollect the collate:al
proofs of it, afforded by the known attempts to
•tseh)lay and shoot Messrs. Creagh and Low,
there need not, we fear, be any doubt enter-
tained, whatever may be felt as to the instilli-
cient3 of the evidence by which the prisoners
wlitre asught to lie implicated in it. • '1 here
theref(at unquestionably, ground for lamenta-
:jou) that no judicial light has yet been thrown
fin the parties who formed this banditti. We
do not at present wish to speak strongly upon
the considerations which ought to determine the
fate of those men who were convicted under the
fioat prosecution. The Judges appear to have
left for execution four individuals, found guilty
en evidence quite identical with that on which
other parties lieve been subsequently tried and
acquitted I If the country be not satisfied (we
vestion not the motives of the Judges, but we
toilets:tie Government will not act precipitately) of
tho guilt of a condemned citizen, the great end
el' all punishment, viz. the vindication of public
iustice, fails ; and a re-action favourable to the
victim., if it does not even extend to the crone
itself, is cure very speedily to l'ollow.—l itna.
it quoting a few days ago the report which
eppeared in a German Paper, that the Sultan
seas about to send an Extraordinary Ambassador
to St. Petersburg!), to supplicate a diminution
si the enormous indemnity imposed upon Tur-
key liy the treaty of Adrianople, we remarked,
that if his Highness sent any Ambassador, it
most he an exii-aordinary one, as the Sublime
Potte never vet humbled itself so far as to
appoint innbassks to infidel Courts. The ob-
servation would have been correct had it been H-
o:iv:id to the case of resident ambassadors, but
seithout this limitation the expression was inac-
curate, as the Sublime Porte, in seasons of clan-
gor and alarm, has sometimes forgotten its an-
tient maxims, and abjured a portion of its Lana-
tiNi pride. Hence at the crisis of its fate, whet
the French Directory en one side, and the Eng•
lish Government on the other, were urging it to
hostilities against their respective antagonists, it
Rtnn special missions to Paris and to London to
eaplain its inventions, and to justify its neutral
conduct. The Ambassador appointed
to the French Republic for this object remained
in Fraece during tile time that the Directory
was preparing its celebrated expedition to Egypt,
a:A had many interviews V.'lll Prince Talley-
rand, then Minister for Foreign Affairs, to as-
ceitain the purpose and destination of that ar-
notaieet. At One time this crafty Minister pre-
ceoiled ignorance of its uhimate object ; cot an-
other, deelared that it was intended to assist tile
*folks in overpowering their greatest enemies,
the Kitig,lits of Malta ; at allQ: her, that it was
to pot down Inc Beys, and to restore the fertile
tea-titer y Of Egypt to Turkey ; and lastly, that
whhoto, auy hostility to Turkey, the French Re-
pill:lie were to seize on that province as a station
trout whence they could most conYeniently attack
the English power in the East. Though not very
quick• sighted politicians, or very apt scholars,
the Ottoman Porte, with the aid of a British
Mh.ister, diseovered the absurdity of these flimsy
Cretexts, tied recalled its Ambassador, at the
sa.ne thee declining- war against the swinish in-
fvl:2lL. ct France. On subsequent occasion (in
.1805) the Sublime Porte sent an extraordinary
Ambassador to Paris, to resew the peace with
Napoleon, and received in return an Ambassa-
dor from the Emperor, who was the present de-
ploy, General Sebasliani: In these three recent
cases, and in some others which may have
escaped our notice, the Turkish mission was
special. The Ambassador of the Porte received
the honours of a solemn entry, because at Con-
stantinople a similar solemnity is observed in the
receptioo of a new envoy of the first class, but
he was not instructed to represent his Sovereign
on any occasion except in the transaction of the
particular business on which he was sent. He
%y es never consequently considered afixed resi-
dent envoy of the highest class, representing his
Sovereign on all occasions of ceremony, and
empowered to discuss with foreign Governments
on a footing of equality any subject that related
to the interest of his own country. It is need-
less indeed to argue this question, as we have
bel'ore us the decisive fact. that at the present
moment there is net a Turkish Ambassador at
any Corot of Christian Europe. The reason
for maintaining this solitary dignity, or continu-
ing ti:is extraordinary self-exclusion, is obvious
fet nn the nature of the Ottoman Government,
aod the maxims of diplomatic intercourse amottg
civillzed states. The inviolability of the per-
Sen t• invested with the sacred character anti per-
fermiog the important functions of ambassadors,
covoys, or diplomatic agents, is one of the first
conditions of their existence. Yet it was the
practice of the Sublime Porte till lately (and due
power of its renewal has not yet been disclaimed)
to retain diplomatic agents as hostages for the
good conduct of the Government which they
represented, and to send them as prisoners to
the Seven Towers. Among civilized states a
ceremonial has been agteed upon, which admits
of perfect reciprocity, and removes the possibility
of any insult or humiliation from the representa-
tive character. The Ottoman Government has
never yet condescended to make any legalized
abatement of its insolence towards its oppressed
subjects in favour of its foreign Christian allies.
" Every solemnity -at which the Foreign Minis-
ters asslst in Turkey," says Mr. Eton, with perhaps
some exaggeratione" occasions-them a new species
of humiliation, in which they are led from indignity
to indignity, a spectacle to the stupid populace, who
insult them with the coarsest language- as they pass,
and measure, by this scale, Oe.greatUess of their
Sovereign. The Minister who .15 to obtain an.
,au.

il:ence of the Sultan must present himself at the
Porte 1w four o'clock in the morning, where, after
three or four tedious hours occupied in unmeaning
ceremonies, he is infinmed that he may be per-
mitted to see the resplendent face of the Emperor
of the world (Gehen Padicba), who among his
other pompons titles bears that of Alunum Punzati,
' Refuge of the World ;' after which he is seated in
a solitary corner of the Divan, on the left, near the
door, and tie Vizier sends to the Sdtan a short note
tolli;sh, which is in substance—' that the Li-
n:lel (Ghiaztr ) of scch a Court, after having been
s::!liciently fed and decently clothed, by the special
Dace of his Sublime INlajesty, humb!y supplicates
leave to come and lick the dust beneath his illu3-
tiions throne.'"

Such iudinities to Foreign Ministers, corn-
,
hined wvh the ceremony of a lock-up in the
Seven 'Powers, added to other barbarities which
..ve tine not room to enumerate, have hitherto
neluded " our ancient ally" from the European
community of nations, or from the benefits
(whatever they may be) of the diplomatic system
of European intercourse. If the Ottomans,
however, remain much longer west of the Bos-
phorus, they must conform in this', as in other
respects, to the flishion of more civilized nations,
and we shil not despair of seein,-, the movements
of a Turkish Envoy as regularly' registered in
our Court Calendar as those of any other Am-
bassador. As solemn or public mries arc never
now observed (accord:ng to Baron de Martens)
except in the case of a Turkish Ambassador,
we shall make no apology far quoting from the
Annual Register of 1795, the account of the
entry to which we have above alluded .

Excellency the Turkish Ambassador made
his so-long-delayed pnblic entry. The Ambassador
aed his stoic, effer breakfasting with Sir G. How-
ard, at Chelsea Hospital, came to town in grand
In the coach in which he rode \V‘l3 that
used b the King in ;enieg to S:. Paul's Cathedral ;
the st4te horses were tex in number, very rieLly
caparisoned; four of them were those sent as' a pre-
sent to the King from the Grend Seigien-; the
other two having died on the:: passa:,e, were sup•
plied by two from the King's stud. The Amb
is-
s wore a green robe, and turban nearly of the
same colour, studded with jewels. The concourse
of people m 4 the occasion was so great, that when
they arrived at S!..James's it was with difficulty the
Horse and Foot Guards who wended the proces-
sion could clear the way. E,n it of the eaniages
was drawn by six horses, decorated with riband.,
and attended by two or three servants in their Court
liveries. The Ambaseader addressed himself to the
King in the language of his country, which was
translated by Mr. l'ers'ani, the Dragoman; and the
same ceremony wits: rrpeated to the Queen ; after
which the drawing-room commenced, and the busi-
ness of the Court proceeded as usud. The pre-
sents brought over by the Ambassador were defl-
ected at Sr. James's. They consist of—to the
King, a pair of gold pistols, the stocks aed barrels
solid gold; four Arabian horses, with gold bridles,
and sad,lles trinened with gold : and a gold dagger,
with belt orremented with pearls and diamonds.—
To the Queen and Priecesse::, a chest of silks, en:-
hreidered with gold ; a plume of feathers for the
head-dress, supported with a band of solid gold,
and the top of the feathers ornamented with dia-
cooed; : to the Prince of Wales, Duke of Portland,
aril Lord Grenville, chests of eilks."—Birl.

Three-fourths at least of the business disposed
of at Petty Sessions, throughout the country,
arise cut of the administration of the Game
Laws; the remaining fourth arises out of the
Poor and Bastardy Laws. However the punish-
ment of poachers is the business of Petty Ses-
sions par excellence. In an account of the pro-
ceedings at the Chelmsford Petty Sessions, on
Friday last, which we have copied from the
Essex Herald, there is, as usual, a fair propor-
tion of .poaching cases. In one of them two
labourers are convicted in the full penalty of 25/.
each, and, in default of payment, a distress war-
rant was issued. What a e wish to notice is,
the monstrous absurdity of imposing the same
penalty on a labouring man that would be im-
posed on a man of ample means. If any million-
naire from the Stock Exchange were to be
caught snorting, without a proper title, he would,
at most, be subjected to a penalty of 25/. And
here we hare an English labaurcr amerced in a
sum equal to Ilia whole yearly income ! There
is not, perhaps, from one end of England to the
other, a labourer possessed of 251., or able to
raise 25/. if his life were at stake. Yet, and
the mask of a pretended equality, one man es-
capes with the payment of a sum, the loss of
which he hardly feels ; while the other, from ina-
hility to raise even a fractional part of it, is made
to buffer a severe punishment. In these en-
lightened days we laugh at the simplicity of our
farefathers, who endeavoured to secure life by
fixing a strn, which should be paid by the per-
son who took it away. I3ut are the pecuniary
penalties of the English law a whit more Ist; ional
Fill all men become equary rich, it is impos-
sible before-hand to impose a pecuniary penahy
that shall be in the least equal. the same.
weight which would hardly be felt by the Brob-
dignagnan, would crush the Lilliputian to
death. Even a sum imposed according to
income, would be unsuitable, because one man
possesses an estate in fee simple, which he can
sell or mortgage, and after paying the fine of a
year's rent, possesses an income not sensibly
-diminished, while a fine of a year's income of a
professional man possessed of no property,
would involve him in complete ruin. All the
sensibility of the English law is for flee class of
rich men. The fines which figured so con-
spicuously in the Bill of Rights, did not after
all amount to half a year's income of the indi-
viduals on whom they were imposed. Yet a
labourer and his family have their feelings as
well as their superiors. The yearly tear and
wear of an unmarried labourer, supposing him
perfectly sober, and in full employment, is equal
to within two or three pounds of his yearly
gains. The value of this sum for all the years
he is able to labour, according to any table of
probabilities, would not amount to 25/. To a
labourer 251. is therefore more than a sum of
five trillions of pounds sterling would be to the
Duke of Buccleugh or the Marquis of Stafford.
It will be said, perhaps, that pecuniary pe-
nalties in the case of the poor resolve themselves
in reality into something else—that is, you im-
pose nominally one punishment on a man for
which you know another must be substituted.
What base hypocrisy ! Why not at once de-
termine the punishment ? 0 no, because then,
some rich man. might be accidentally caught in
the meshes of our net, and then an outcry would
be made against the whole system. The object
is to give full scope to the vindictive feelings of
Game-preserving Justices of Peace ; and for
this purpose pecuniary penalties arc just the
thing.—Morning Chro 12 wk.

We remember hearing the late Lord Liver-
pool observe, in his place in the House of
Lords, that one of the causes of the backward
state of Ireland was the transference to that
country of the Institutions of England. His
Lordship by no means intended to pass sentence
of condemnation on the Institutions of his own
country, of which he was but too indiscriminate
an admirer; but he conceived that the Institu-

thins of one country may be suited to the social
condition of its inhabitants, and not suited to
that of the inhabitants of another country. Phi-
losophers arc pleased to describe man as regu-
larly progressing (to U SC an Americanism) from
the savage state to higher and higher stages of
civilization. However this may he, it is certain
that if any two nations differing in race and lan-
guage are taken at any one stage in their progress,
they will be fimund to exhibit numerous
points of dissimilarity. The einly history of
all nations is involved iii obscurity, and therefore
it is not easy to assign the causes of
this dissimilarity. Thus, for instance, the Nor-
wegian and the Scotch Highlanders, living in
nearly the same latitude, in countries of the
same mountainous character, intersected in
nearly the same manner by ilitha, have in all pe-
riods of their known history been as different
From each other in their habits and character as
any two races of men can well be. From the
earliest period the Norwegian has been a navi-
gator, and indulged his fondness for the sea
to the neglect of agriculture. Time Hinhlander,
again, like his brother, the native liishmain
detests the sea. In an Essay on the Present
State of the Highlands and Islands of Scot-
land, by John Anderson, Esq. in Blackwood's
Quarterly Journal of Agriculture, No. 7,
(November), the writer exclaims—" To what
purpose has Providence supplied our coasts with
vast shoals of the finest fish, if the indolence of
man prevents his availing himself of the boon ?
We see our waters robbed of their wealth by
foreigners, and yet we stand listless speennors.
Admirers, detractors, all agree in telling this to
our Highlanders, and yet what have they effected
by so doing ? I am aware that the Highlander:,,
generally speaking, have an antipathy to the sea,
es they have to manufactures." Men may live
in the same country for centuries, without resem-
bling each other, as we see in the various nations
inhabiting the same soil in Turkey, and in the
striking contrast between the French Colonies of
Lower Canada and their neighbours of New
England. Man is the creature of society, and
his character in every country is modified by the
peculiarities in the social circumstances in which
he is educated. The habits and character, then,
of every people being in many respects peculiar
to them, their Institutions are always, either in
theory or in the working, modified by their pe-
culiarities. The transference, then, per saltunz,
of Institutions, whether good or bad (because
we are far from wishing to contend that the
institutions of a people are good merely because
they are not borrowed) from one nation
to another, without anxious and careful
inquiry into the peculiarities of the na-
tion to which it is wished to transfer any of
them, with a view to the -rejection of what is
unsuitable, and changes amid modifications cor-
responding with time circumstances of the new
country, will in all cases be productive of great
injury, and retard the improvement of those for
whose benefit they are intended. When the
Saxona invaded England, they seem to have pro-
ceeded in somewhat, the Szteei manner as the
Norway rat liae, proceeded with the old British
rat ; and time whole country, with the exception
of a few remote districts, became completely
Saxon. The next invasion, the Norman, was
merely a tranference of a few adventurers into a
country in a state of considerable advancement
with respect to cultivation, as witness Domes-
day Book. Toe invasion was by a vassal of a
country torn by feudal anarchy ; and Normandy,
so far from being what England was to Ireland,
soon became a dependent on the greater country
of England, which became more than a match
for France. Had Normatidy been a more
powerful country than England, it is probable
that, instead of the few invaders becoming Eng-
lish in a generation or two,:, constant succe,sion
of adventurers, backed by the country of the
invaders, would have either destroyed the
Saxons, as the Saxons destroyed the Britons,
or would have kept themselves apart, employing
themselves incessantly in warfare with the na-
tives, after the manner of the English in Ire-
la ind. Well m'el t Mr. O'Connell exclaim, in
one of his speeches, accursed be the day the Eng-
lish first set foot in Ireland, for the invasion of the
English was, of all conceivable invasions, the very
worst for Ireland that could have taken
place. From the superiority in point of strength
of the English, the Irish could never hope to
master the invaders, who were constantly recruit-
ed by successions of adventurers. Again, the
disparity in point of strength was not so great as
to enable the English to obtain a mastery over
the natives. In this way, down to the days of
our most esteemed classics, the English merely
occupied a small portion of the country, form-
ing as it were only a garrison in Ireland ; and
the Irish preserved their old habits, and lived
under their old laws. When the English suc-
ceeded by the defeat of Tyrone in obtaining pos-
session of the whole island, their institutions
were forced on a people for whom they were cer-
tainly very little adapted ; and it is true, as was
observed by Lord Liverpool, that the backward
state of the country is mainly attributable to
these institutions. One of time English Institu-
tions—Jury trial—supposes indifference on the
part of the Jurors. But one of the peculiarities
of Irish society is clanship, whiCh renders an in-
different Jury an impossibility. In the present
day the influence of clanship is powerfully felt in
Ireland, independently of time great and marked
division between the English intruders and the
Irish natives. In Ireland a Jury trial has al-
ways, therefore, been a mockery ; the circuna-
stances which render this mode of trial (rude, cer-
tainly, at best) compatible with the ends of
justice, having no existence. We have a cud-
' ous account from Sir John Davis, oldie manner
in which this Institution operated, in the first
Assizes held in the conquered country, after time
destruction of Tyrone ( Valancey's Collectanea,
No. I.)—Speaking of the county of Monaghan,
he says—" One rand Jury was so well chosen,
as they found with good expedition all the bills
of indictment true ; but on the other side, the
Juries that were impannelled fbr trial of the
prisoners did acquit them as fast, and found them
not guilty ; which, whether it were done for
favour or for fear, it is hard to judge ; for the
whole county, consisting of three or four names
M'Kena, M.Cabe,
only, namely,
and O'Connolly, the Chief was ever of one of
those names, and of those names the Jury did
consist, as it was impossible to try him but by
his kinsmen ; and therefore it is probable that
the malefactors were acquitted for favour ; but,
on the other part, we were induced to think that
fear might be the cause ; for as much as the poor
people seemed very unwilling to be sworn of juries,
alleging that if they condetnned any man, his
friends in revenge would rob, or burn, or kill them
for it : and that the like mischief had happened to
divers jurors since the last Session holden there ;
such is t he barbarous malice and impiety of these
people." Ireland is as unfit for juries now as it
was then. Saying no:hing of the tribes and
clans exhibiting themselves in factions, the aim

and object of Aid' are unintelligible to a
Saxon, there is the grand division of the inha-
bitants into Gentry and Peasants, hostile to each
other from a variety of considerations. In the
infancy of Jury Trials in England, the Petty
Jurors were usually the liberi homines, the
Franklins, a numerous class of independent
men in every county, of whom we have the re-
mains in the Statesmen of the North of England.
A Jm-y must, therefore, either be landlords or
peasants. A Jury of peasants would not render
the purest justice to landlords, and what jus-
tice can peasants expect from a Jury of land-
lords ? In either case, we abandon men
to their natural enemies. The anxiety to
have Protestants on Juries trying the coin-
Inon peoi:le is resolvable into the eircuin-
s!ance that the class of landlords are generally
Protestant,, for religion has no more to do with
the business than the man in the moon. There
can be no cotrective in public opinion in Ire-
land, for there is no public opinion. There is
the opinion of the landlords and the opinion of
the peasants. fie who has the opinion of the
one in his favour has the disapprobation of
the other. Sheriffs, and all the machinery of
Justice, in so far as election is concerned, are
partizans. The first great improvement in Ire-
land would be, to witinhem both landlords and
peasants from alt power of attacking each other
through Juries, and to appoint upright men of
good character and high attainments, to admini-
ster justice without the aid of Juries. The people
themselves, though they can have Jury trials un-
der the Assistant Barristers, always prefer the
Assi,,tant Barrister without a Jury. Another
institution of England, a barbarous one even
here, is quite a pest in Ireland—Justices of
Peace. A Justice of Peace in Ireland is a Judge
in his own cause, unchecked by any adverse pub-
lic person. Impartiality is the very first requi-
site in the administration of justice, and we
would as soon expect a thief to do justice be-
tween honest men and his own class, as a land-
owner to do justice between himself and a class
to whom he is always hostilely opposed. Go-
verument should, therefore, if it wished to re-
concile the people to the administration of Jus-
tices, take all power from the hands of one
parts, and name in every district independent
men to judge between the parties. This step
is essential to the putting au end to feuds. We
have not now leisure to pursue the subject fur-
ther, but we shall return to it.—/bid.

the special Commission for the trial of the
prisoners at Cork has terminated its labours, as
will be seen from an account in another part of
our Paper, and terminated them in a manner
which, while it will, we hope, convince the guilty
of the determination of the Government to punish
crime, whether committed by one or many, will
also prove to the people of Ireland, that justice
will he tempered with mercy, when mercy ought
to form a component part of it. The Crown
might, widoubtedly, have proceeded to the trial
of, those prise,ners who were discharged on bail ;
but Pnxious only to maintain the public peace,
and to prove to the country that such was its sole
desire, it wisely ceased to prosecute at the very
moment when prosecution would have defeated
its object.— Morning Advertiser.