The Sun.
London, England, 1842-07-18 00:00:00

UAle

LONDON :
MONDAY MORNING, JULY 18, 1842.

The compromise on the Collieries Bill, seems to
us to have placed the Legislature in a sing alar
position. It postpones the clause concerning the
females working in mines, till the Ist of March—it
substitutes the age of ten for the age of thirteen, at
which boys are to be admitted into the mines—it
abstains from regulating their hours of employment
—it gives up the inspectors—it merely diminishes
the years of apprenticeship, without abolishing
it, and it allows persons to be placed in charge
of engines when they are fifteen years of age.
Everybody must admit, and Lord As SILLY and his
friends must vehemently assert that these regulations,
which fall so far short of what they proposed, are
completely inadequate to correct the evils in col-
lieries. They are most imperfect as a code for regulat-
ing labour in them. At the same time, by touching
the matter at all, the Legislature makes itself respon-
..sible both for what it does, and for what it leave -un-
done. Till March next, it sanctions the abomination
of women working in the mines. It sanctions that
which has been stigmatized as a cruel employment Of
children. It sanctions practices which have been said
to be vicious and degrading to both sexes, and highly
derogatory to the national character. By touching
this subject, which it ought never to have done, un-
less it could completely regulate every part of it, the
'Legislature has made itself chargeable with the whole,
and has taken on:itself all the:odium which belongs to
continuing the cruelties described in the Report of the
Commissioners. It would have been much better for
the character of Parliament, as we advised it, not to
have meddled with the -matter. Under the impulse,
however, of blind benevolence it has relieved the coal-
owners and the colliers from their responsibility, and
taken that all on itself. We presume the
gout
of
Commons must, for its own sake, throw out the
amended Bill which the Lords will send down to it.
By passing that Bill, it will sanction all the enor-
mities which are left uncorrected.

The most important news brought by the Britannia
arrived at Liverpool, having left Halifax on the 6th
inst., is, that President TYLER has vetoed a Bill passed
by the Congress to suspend the Compromise Act.
This third exercise of the veto power had excited a
considerable sensation in Congress, and Mr. ADAMS
was one of the foremost in denouncing it as unconsti-
tutional. Mr. WISE defended it. It certainly is as
strong an act of monarchical authority as could be
practised by any Sovereign of Europe, and may give
rise to some alteration in the American Constitution.
In the State of Rhode Island there has been a
regular rebellion headed by a Mr. Doaß, who had
formed an entrenched camp, and made considerable pre-
parations for a fight.
_The approach of the troop 3, and
the proclamation of martial law, caused the insurgents
to throw down their arms and disperse. Mr.. Dona
escaped, but a considerable number of persons was ar-
rested, and a considerable quantity of arms, including
six pieces of artillery, captured. The force of the in-
gsurgents is said to have amounted to 1,500 men.
These papers bring no confirmation of the reported
insurrection in Hayti. They contain advices from the
West Indies of a later date than the former
gence, and nothing is said in them of the deposition of
President Bonn

The Royal Agricultural Society, which terminated
itsp.roceedings at Bristol, on Friday, deserves from us
a brief notice. The meeting on that occasion is said

t;

to have far excelled in the splendour of its festivi-
ties, the excellency of itsarrangements, the number
of its members, and in the quality of the stock and
implements exhibited, any of its predecessors.
'Though we are not backward, we hope, in doing
homage to the vast skill displayed in our manufactu-
ring districts, and admire more than we can well ex-
' press, the inimitable machinery which is therebrought
into operation, being thoroughly convinced, too, that its
moral effects—reducing all who have to use it, into
habits of order and regularity—are as beneficial as its
effects in abridging labour, yet are we well convinced
that agriculture, which supplies the bulk of our sub-
sistence, lies at the foundation of all our greatness,
and deserves far more than the meretricious arts
which merely contribute to the splendour of a few,
the hearty approbation of all reasonable men. We
are glad, therefore, to see that art fostered and en-
couraged by our nobility and gentlemen, and glad to
se&their meetings attended by distinguished strangers,
who will spread the fame of English agriculture
over the wide world.

Though we are extremely hostile to the absurd,
wicked, and unsuccessful attempt of our law-makers
to promote its improvement, as they say, by plun-
dering and starving the rest of the community, we
quite agree with Earl SPENCER, who in wishing for
its improvement—he placed the improvement which
has already been made on its right basis, and accu-
rately described its relative extent—said—
" What has raised this our country to be so great
among the other nations of the world ? It is the union
of our agriculture, our manufactures, and our commerce,
which renders this little island—which, if you look at
it on the map, seems but a spot before the eye—one of
the most, if not the most powerful nation of the world.—
(Cheers.) It is the united energies of your people
which have excited them to the accumulation of wealth,
that has raised this country in the scale of nations, and
made us what we are, and, I hope in God, shall long
continue to be.—(Great cheering.) These three great
interests are intimately connected tog It is one of
the wise dispensations of Providence, that the people of
this country, and, indeed, of any country, shall be
dependent on one another If any of the great interests
to which I have referred fail, depend upon it the others
will soon feel the effect of the loss. Gentlemen, with respect
to the manufactures of this nation, we know that enor-
mous strides have been made ;and that the manufactures of
our country have absorbed into themselves the advan-
tages of every scientific discovery, and the British
manufacturers hare applied to them every advantage
which the improvements in chemical science have en-
abled them to do. With regard to our agriculture,
gentlemen, though it has not hitherto applied to the ex-
tent which I hope it will soon apply, the advantages of
scientific improvement to our practical knowledge, yet,
gentlemen, I am confident that the station of our agricul-
ture stands very high—if not the highest among all na-
tions of the world.—(C beers.) I speak this of agricul-
ture generally ; but if I were to speak only of our do-
mestic animals, there could be then no doubt that we
stand very far indeed before any other country in the
breed of our domestic animals as we stand before them
in the skill and prosperity of our manufactures."
It is, indeed, too plain to need any proof, that our
agriculture, as the bulk of its produce is raised for
sale, must find more encouragement in the increasing
demands of the consumers, and more effectual means
of improvement, than in all the meetings of all the
societies that ever existed, and in all the laws that
ever were made. Wh at would become of agriculture
without customers ? What could meetings do if
there were no buyers ? It is, therefore, by the com-
prehensive machinery erected in our manufacturing
districts, which has called into life and wealth the
huge towns of Manchester, Glasgow, Liverpool, and
half London—though pro-Corn-law writers con-
tinually deride it—that our agriculture, as well as our
corn merce and manufactures, has been made to flourish.
Lord SPENCER is truly sensible of this, and he
proclaims aloud to those weak and silly persons who
decry machinery, and seek to arrest the progress of
manufacturing prosperity, that " if any one of these j
great interests falls, the others will soon feel the
effects of the loss." To; keep down manufactures,
to stint commerce, and to crush the rising democracy
of the towns, are the suicidal objects of those pro.
Corn-1 aw legislators, who pretend to desire the
aggrandisement and improvement of agricuiture.
Lord SPENCER is not one of these ; he is an enlight-
ened friend to both agriculture and manufactures.
We are well pleased to see the British Agricultural
Society endeavouring to improve agriculture by the
application of science. It is right, as the landlords cut
off the supply of food from abroad, that they should
extend cultivation at home ; but when they have done
so, where will they obtain a market for their produce ?
The 113rrniacntrcr-,--ert-eaT ---s-a=iee a great deal more
than the landowners and all the agricultural classes
can purchase. The agriculturists do not want more
calicos, and fustians, and muslins, and they will not
give away their produce. For what, then, will they
exchange their increased produce ? Will they send
it abroad ? For England to export agricultural pro-
duce she must reduce its cost, or prices must fall below
the level of other countries. The landlords say that
is ruin. We must inform them, however, that they can
get no equivalents for their increased produce but by
encouraging manufactures, and we warn them if
they do not unchain manufactures, and allow com-
merce to go free, that agricultural improvements
will speedily end in their own ruin. The only way
in which they can get equivalents for new produce,
is to allow the merchants and manufacturers to bring
them from abroad, and to retain restrictions on trade,
while they promote the application of science to agri-
culture, is like a man setting out vigorously on a
journey with his right leg, while he persists in
chaining his left leg to a wall.

Though the Tories forced themselves into office by
opposing the modification of the Corn-laws, by denounc-
ing the Poor-law Bill, by creating false alarms about
the safety of our Church Establishments, and still more
false alarms respecting the free-trade propensities of the
Whigs, the country must rejoice to learn that, however
little creditable to their political consistency, a change,
unexampled at any former period, has been manifested
by them on all these points during the session. The
Premier has surprised the friends of monopoly by the
new tariff, and the " true friends" of the Church by re-
jecting the scheme of the Monk of Oxford for Church
Extension ; the Home Secretary fights the battles
of the Poor-law Ccmmissioners with more than
Whig pertinacity ; and tha President of the Coun-
cil rivals Lord BROUGHAM himself in ardent aspi-
rations for the extension of education among the
lower classes. This has given great alarm to
the monks ; and Sir ROBERT INGras accordingly,
on Friday, in denouncing the scheme, fell foul of his
ft iend Lord WHAENCLIFFE, and expressed great gra-

tification that her MAJESTY'S Ministers were not fol-
lowing the example of their Noble Colleague at the head
of the Council. This roused the ire of Sir J. GRAHAM,
who, after lecturing .his lion. Friend on his
disorderly conduct, and his attempt to set himself over
the Bench of Bishops, went a great deal farther, and
announced the intention of the Government to investi•
gate the mal-appropriation of public charities, in order
to apply the funds to the purposes of education.
It was," said he, " the duty and the desire
of Government to pay the most anxious attention
to the subject. It was their intention to go fully
into the investigation, and he believed it would
be found that ample funds existed ; and if it should be
necessary to apply to the Legislature for power to ap-
propriate these funds to their legitimate destination, the
Government would have no hesitation in applying to
Parliament for the necessary powers." Every friend of
the lower classes, and all who can appreciate the bless-
ings of education, will rejoice to learn that the
great work begun by HENRY BROUGHAM a quarter
of a century ago, has now a fair chance of being brought
to a happy completion. Let the Government go on in
this wise course, and though they may be deserted by
the selfish bigots, they will be supported by the liberal
men of all parties, and by all those Christians who know
that true religion and pure morality are not confined to
the members of an exclusive Church Establishment.

The death of the Duke of ORLEANS has cast a gloom
of sorrow over France. But one sentiment—but one

Feeling, pervades the country ; that of profound grief
for the loss France has sustained by the premature,
frightful death of the highly accomplished and univer-
sally beloved heir to her throne. Cold, hard, unfeeling,
and repulsive must be the heart of the human being who
can read unmoved the account which we have elsewhere
copied from Galignani's Messenger of this afflicting cala-
mity. The Prince, in the very prime of life, dying in
the arms of his broken-hearted parents, presents a pic-
ture of sorrow such as never can be forgotten. All party-
feuds have ceased in Paris. The gayest capital in
Europe is now the most sombre—the most desolate of
all sounds hut those of sorrow and sympathy; for the
bereaved Royal Family. Even the fierce Republicans
of the capital lose their hostility to the KING in
deep and sincere commiseration for the affliction
of the father. Truly did Lord BROUGHAM say in
the House of Lords last night, that there is not a
human being in the British empire that does not sym-
pathise with the French people, and the ORLEANS
family. In the language of the Duke of WELLINGTON,
the death of this universally beloved Prince is great
and lamentable misfortune to France," in which the

concurrence of a feeling of deep grief extends far beyond
the walls of the House of Lords. The time was, how-
ever, well chosen for its expression by that House ; and
when the first burst of agony is over, NI ill be deeply felt
by the afflicted Monarch and father.

On public grounds this sad event is of deep import-
ance to Europe. There is something so startling in the
idea of a Regency in France, that it cannot
but fill every mind with serious apprehen-
sions. Tightly as the reins of Government are
grasped by Louis PHILIPPE he no more than succeeds
in keeping a revolutionary mania in check, which
threatens to overwhelm France the moment they are en-
trusted to a feebler, or unsteadier hand. Now such must
be that of a Regent, however appointed, or by whomsoever
elected. The Constitutionnel, M. THIERS' organ, ex-
presses a different opinion, probably because that little
abortion of foreign statesmanship looks forward to fol-
low in France the example of ESPARTERO in Spain
" France," says the mouth-piece of the parodist of NA-
POLEON, " confides in the dynasty which she has given
to herself. The frightful catastrophe which deprives
her of the Prince Royal, will only serve to fortify her
sentiments. She will transfer to the young son of the
Duke of ORLEANS the affection which she had sworn to
the father, and she will watch with tenderness and care
over the cradle of the Count of PARIS. Nothing is
changed in France by the death of the Prince Royal,
and this should be made known to all those who, whether
at home or abroad, feel inclined to take advantage of
our public misfortunes. Our national dynasty has its
roots in the soil, and nothing can tear them up. The
Throne on which Louis PHILIPPE has placed himself,
and which it will be for the happiness of France that he
may occupy for a long time, will be handed
4ewn to his heirs. Such is the will of
France." We fear that France has not yet
communicated her will to the Constitutionnel. Neither
can we comprehend how a chain is strengthened
by the breaking of the second link in it. France may,
and we sincerely trust will, watch with tenderness and
care over the cradle of the royal infant now committed
to her guardianship ; but the question arises—who will
direct her Government ? Who will keep her fierce and
turbulent spirits in check while so employed ? The
answer to this question is of immense importance 'to
Europe ; but we fear that it is not in the power of the
French press to give it.

Letters from Constantinople of the 27th tilt. state, that
the Syrian question is making no progress. The Porte
contends, in answer to the representations of the repre-
sentatives of England, France, and Austria, that the
reports of the Maronites are incorrect, and that the
Syrian authorities are not guilty of the excess imputed to
them, and that before any decision cam be come to, fur-
ther inquiry must be made. In consequence of repeated
squabbles between British Consular Agents in Turkey
and the Turkish authorities, Sir STRATFORD CANNING
addressed the following circular to the Consular body,
which, on being communicated to the Divan, afforded
the greatest pleasure to the SULTAN and the GRAND
VIZIER:—

" In the actual state of our relations with this empire, the
Sultan and our gracious Queen are desirous to perpetuate a
cordial good understanding; but in an empire composed of
various populations at a distance from the seat of Government,
and differing from us in manners and religion, much evil
may arise from inadvertency in the management of your in-
tercourse with the local government. The times of violence
end mutual animosity are happily passing away, and daily ob.
servation warrants a hope that advantage may be taken of the
improvement to soften those remaining asperities in the con-
duct of public business which often engender ill-will and disturb
the most important interests. On the one side, her Majesty's
Consuls may perform the duties prescribed to them without
pretending to more than what treaty and long-established
custom have fairly conferred upon them ; on the other, a
considerate and forbearing exercise of power, accompanied
with a due respect for the public character of the Consuls
and their agents, as well as for the privileges conferred on
foreigners by treaty, may well become the Pachas, and ether
distinguished functionaries of the Sublime Porte. On both
sides it is most desirable that relations of good will and con-
fidence should be carefully anti mutually cherished; that
complaints addressed to either party against the other
should be impartially examined, and that, whenever any
serious occasion of difference should arise, a conciliatory spirit
and temperate language ought to characterise every proceeding
in the damand and prosecution of justice. It is particularly
incumbent upon you to give the British protection to no one
whose title is not clearly established ;—to maintain the enjoy-
ment of no privilege which will nut stand the test of inquiry,
to consider with proper respect the representations of the local
authority, and in case of any just ground of complaint to spare
no pains to settle the question equitably and amicably upon the
spot, without requiring unreasonable satisfaction, or overlooking
what is due to the laws and customs of the country.
"I am, &c.,
" STRATFORD CANNING."

We Nava received the whole of the Paris Papers.
They are full of melancholy details, which will be found
elsewhere, of the lamented death of the Duke of
ORLEANS

Yesterday evening, at seven o'clock, M. Vertin de Yana,
orderly officer to the Prince Royal, and M. Chomel, chief
ptilslclan to the Duke of Orleans, set out for Plombiercs,
where the Duchess of Orleans was to pass the season.
At nine o'clock the Duchess of Nemours and Princess
Clementine, accompanied by Madame Angelina and Lieut.-
General Rumigny, also set out for Plombieres. Their Royal
Highnesses take letters from the King and Queen to the
Duchess of Orleans.

At ten o'clock the Duke of Aumale, accompanied by Count
Afontguyon, Aide-de-Camp to the Prince Royal, was sent by
the King to the Pavillon Marsan, where the seals were affixed
in his presence to the papers of his Royal Highness.
M. de Larne, orderly officer to the King, is gone to the
Chateau d'Eu, with orders to bring back their Royal High-
nesses the Count de Paris and the Duke de Chartres, who
were to pass at that place the season for sea bathing. At eleven
o'clock at night the Duke of Aumale returned to the Palace
of Nenilly.
A courser has been sent to the Duke of Nemours, and orders
have been despatched to Toulon, to send a steamer to the coast
of Sicily, where the Prince de Joinville is supposed to be at
this moment, with the squadron of Admiral Hugon.—Journal
de Debats.

BOURSE—PARIS, THURSDAY, JULY 14.
First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French 5 per Cents 116 50... 116 50... 116 ... 116 40
4 per Cents 101 50... 101 50... 101 50... 101 50
3 per Cents 76 75... 77 ... 76 60... 76 70
Bank of France 3180 ...3180 ...3180 .. 3180
Laffitte Bank I,ooof 1010 —lOlO ...1010 ...1010
5,000 f 5030 —.5030 ...5030
Belgian Bank 775 ... 775 ... 770 ... 770
Belgian Fives 1840 102,1 ... 102,1 ... 102 i ... 102 k
Neapolitan lO3 50... 103 50... 103 50... 103 50
Roman
RAILWAY SHARES.
St. Germain BO5 ... 805 ... 805 ... 805
Versailles, R. B. ...... 300 ... 300 ... 300 ... 300
L. B.
Rouen
()awes. 540 ... 552 50... 540 ... 552 50
eititalliurg to Bale 2OO ... 201 25... 200 ... 201 25

In another part of the paper will be found a
lengthened report of the entertainment given to Sir
Allan Macnab„on Saturday, previous to his return
to Canada. his spirited conduct during the insur-
rection deserves every praise, and we have no doubt
that in times of peace he will be found still the same
patriot, anxious to increase the resources of his native
country, and perpetuate its union with Great Britain.
BILL FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE QUEEN.—An
intelligent correspondent, who writes from Ilfracombe,
points out a defect in the Bill. According to the second
clause, :he culprit, when whipped, can only be imprisoned
afterwards, and as many are justly of opinion that
vagabonds like Bean should be both whipped and
banished from the country, he suggests that an alteration
should be made in the Bill to that effect. His suggestion,
however, comes too late, as the Bill was passed last
night.

The town of Reading, it is known, is at present unre-
presented, from the constituency not having been quite
immaculate at the last election. Mr. George Robins an-
nounces the sale, next Thursday, of a Villa and small
Park (the Grazely Lodge Estate), within three miles of
the town, but alludes to this important fact by the fol-
lowing ingenious observation :—" By the way, at this
interesting moment cf doubt, while the elective franchise
of Reading is in abeyance, if a gentleman of character
and fortune be tempted into this enviable purchase, there
is no good reason why he may not count upon adding
MY. to his present honours. The cellars are famous,
and it oily needs to let hospitality and good fellowship
preside to accomplish this great event."

MONE Y and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, SATURDAY EVENING.
The market remained good during the whole day, and seve-
ral purchases to a small extent, however, having been made, a
general firmness must be noted. The account day having
passed over rather more satisfactorily than had been expected,
the parties for a rise are still confident that their operations will
be successful, and at the close of the business Consols were 914
90i for Money, and 91 91 L, for the Account or, the 25th proximo.
Three per Cents. Reduced, 91A 91i ; Bank Stock, 165166
India Stock, 247 249; India Bonds, '26 28; Exchequer Bills,
old, 44 46 ; uew 42 43 premium._

But little was done in. Foreign Securities, the prices of which
were rather higher. Belgian Bonds were 101 102 ; Dutch
Two-and-a-Half per Cents., 51 516 ; the Five per Cents., 101
102 ; Danish, 82 826; and Brazilian, 64. 66... .

The quotation for Mexican also was rather higher, baing 36i
for time and 36 a for money.
The Share Market exhibited more disposition for business
than had been seen for some days past, and Railway Stock
could not be purchased on such favourable terms for buyers.
London and Birmingham were 177 179; Birmingham and
Gloucester, 87 B'9; Great Western, 86 87 ; the Half shares,
61 62; South Western, GI 62; North Midland, 59 60 ; the
New Shares, 29 291; South Eastern and Dover, 22 23 ; Nor-
thern and Eastern, 39 401; Eastern Counties, 81 9; Black-
wall, 9 9s ; arid Brighton, 34 3411 per Share.
The Bonds were thus quoted : —Colombian, 21* 211/2 ; Pe-
ruvian, 171/2 171 z ; Portuguese Five per Cents., 3234 :4314 ;
the Three per Cents., 19,,, 19k; Spanish Five per Cents., 21
21A ; the Three per Cents., 20i 21.
It will be observed that a considerable decline has taken place
in the premium on Exchequer Bills. This, it is supposed is
mainly owing to operations which have been carried on, on
account of the Bank of England. At tl.e time when this es-
tablishment reduced the rate of diseount to Four per cent.
much complaint was made that it had thereby so greatly de-
teriorated the value of money, especially in the country, that
not only would a certain loss accrue to capitalists, but a spirit of
dangerous speculation be engendered. The stagnation in
business consequent upon this uncertainty as to when the late
complete revolution in the principles of trade in
to
operation, come
operation, has also greatly depreciated the rate of interest, and
as a kind of counterpoise to the rise in the funds, it
is most probable that the Bank has felt it to be