The Sun.
London, England, 1845-11-19 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, WEDNESDAY MORNING, NOVEMBER 19, 1845

LITERATURE.
HONOUR AND SHAME. A Novel. 3 vols.

This is a very interesting work, and will prove a
.great
favourite with the general readers of novels. It is not
indebted to any historical reminiscences or political in-
cidents—it is simply a domestic tale, and depends only
on its own attractions. It is written in a quiet, unaf-
fected style, and is in many places full of real feeling.
Its chief interest consists in the natural pictures of
.pri-
vate life, and the correct delineation of human passions.
The story may be divided into two distinct parts, of
very different characters: the first is full of action, the
second of feeling - the first unveils the petty intrigues.
rivalries, and jealousies, which make and mar domestic
life, while the second displays the contest of opposing
passions, and shows the energy and feeling that may
dwell in the most gentle. In the commencement the
character of Isabella Lorraine, the heroine, is conspicu-
ous for sincerity and earnestness, and forms a bright
contrast to the cunning and intriguing dispositions of her
friends or rivals. It is in the latter part that the full
beauty of her character is displayed. She is full of love
and self-devotion—two qualities most calculated to ex•
cite interest and sympathy ; she not only suffers, but-
fi els; her passions are ardent and her sorrows bitter;
yet she is resolved to endure, and she does endure, the
bitterest trials—she is forsaken by her friends, suspected
by him she loves. and called upon to saci ifice all her
hopes and joys. The struggle is hard, but she obeys, and
sacrifices even love itself for duty—
" And leaves a lover's for a father's arms."
The tender and devoted character of Isabella will render
her a general favourite ; all must sympathise with I,er
sufferings, and admire her fortitude. Thomo who love
romance, and sorrow, nnd pathos, and who like to see

" The coarse of true love ne'rr run smooth,"
will be deli:,,ltted with the latter portions of these volumes;
while those who read only to be amused—pour passu le
temps—will find entertainment in the light conversa-
tions and variety of trifling incidents in which the whole
work abounds. Some of the more serious conversations
may be of advantage to many; one in particular, on the
power of pleasing, and the best means of gaining the af-
fection of friends and companitms; iN ill be found useful
to all whom it interests—and who does it not? On the
whole, this novel is one which can scare ly do any harm
t.) whosoever reads it ; one which may touch the heart
or impr( ye the temper, but which must afford both in-
terest and amusement.

JACK. HORNET; or the March of Intellect. By the
Author of " The Adventures of an Irish Gentleman."
3 vols.

This is a novel of the humorous &ass, yet it presents
a strange compound of exaggeration and good sense. It
is certainly a clever work, and the author is evidently
one shrewd enough to penetrate beneath the outward
mask of society, and read the secret motives which in-
spire many, apparently, great and good actions. The
hero, Jack Hornet, is a Welsh Widical—a regular re-
former—who arrives in London with the intention of
regenerating the country on the most approvt d Chartist
and agrarian principles. From the exaggerated descrip-
tion of this character, we should imagine that the author
wished to turn all reformers into ridicule, did not many
of his own observations prove that he himself belongs to
that numerous and daily increasing class. As it is, his
intention is evidently not to ridicule reform itself, but to
check the career of those who, styling themselves
" friends of the people, regenerators, and reformers,"
are ever ready to blame the rich, yet the last to assist
the poor—who long for equality, not for the sake of
raising their inferiors, but in order to abase those above
them to their own level. This intention is laudable
enough; there is too much talkative philanthropy abroad;
there are many who love to speak of the" wrongs of the
poor," the " rights- of the people," &c., but we sba:l
tind, on inquiry, that most of these, some perhaps uncon-
sciously, are acting according to the very rules which
they are the loudest in blaming. Full many a " village
Hampden" would, had he the opportunity, prove an-
other Charles, and this was the case with our hero,

" Jack Hornet." We are told that
" He hated the wealthy, not because he was poor, for lie
took pride in his poverty; but he felt convinced that their
wealth must have been acquired by nefarious means. His
heart was excellent, yet he suspected every one who ap-
proached bins of obduracy and want of feeling. He hated
mankind, yet he liked society ; and while he shunned the
world, solitude was irksome; while the whole universe made
him wretched, his greatest pride and boast was his utter
carelessness of its_ opinion. In every re-pect Jack Hornet
was an anomaly. He sighed for the happy days of the
golden age, when men ate acorns—yet, to a certain extent
he was an epicure. He affected great simplicity in his dress
—yet he was most difficult to please in the cut of his coat,
and abominated tailors, whom he called 'living testimonies
of the original sin.' He pretended to scorn the assistance of
domestics, who were the type of slavery—yet he expected
the most assiduous attendance. Like many persons upon
whom fortune has not smiled, he attributed his present posi-
tion to the injustice and ingratitude of society, and blind to
his follies and absurdities, he did pot consider that he him-
self had been the greatest enemy he ever could have had."
This strange individual comes to London, intending to
reform the country, his chief ohject being to improve
the relative positions of the " two nations" of rich and
poor. His constant quarrels and c:nnplaints, his strange
ideas, and his still stranger actions, occivion numerous
extraordinary adventures. At one time he disguises
himself as a beggar, and accosts a nobleman in the
street; he is given in charge to a policeman, and he
being a beggar and his opponent a lord, he is of course
" locked up." Then he declares that he is himself an
earl disguised for a freak; his assertion is believed, and
the tables are turned. At another time, being wounded
in the leg in one of his skirmishes, he is attended by a
doctor, who charges a guinea a day, and who declares,
that if he moves, he will lose the limb. But nothing
can deter his love of inquiry; he is resolved to know the
difference between medicine for the rich and the poor.
He resumes his beggar's dress, and calls on his phy-
sician, who happens to be doctor for the dispensary of
the poor. He shows the wounded leg, which cost a
guinea a day, and which was to be destroyed if he
moved, and all the medicine he gets is the following:—
" Get about your business, you lazy vagabond; nothing
ails you ; a walk of ten miles, or a hornpipe on the
tread-mill for a day or two, would soon set you to
rights." All this is (we hope) exaggerated, but it is
amusing, and if it makes people think betides making
them laugh, it will not be read in vain. At length our
reformer gets an opportunity for trying his powers of
improvement. He is given the management of a little
country estate, and there be essays his agricultural
science. He lectures the peasants under pretence of
teaching them; he tyrannises over them in order to
make them " free and happy." The result is, as might
be expected, a total failure; and our ultra-Liberal,
in his anger and disappointment, becomes a " red• hot
Tory." Such is the history of "Jack Hornet;" at
least, such is a brief outline of his interesting and ex-
traordinary adventures He is accompanied by a Welsh
friend, a Sir Thomas Green, who has just succeeded to
a baronetcy and a fortune. He is a specimen of country
simplicity and vanity; he is taken in Charge by some
clever knaves, who kindly instruct him in the tortuous
paths of London life, till he finds himself minus his
fortune, and then, of course, he can dispense with
their aid.

THE POTATO DISEASE; its Origin, Nature,
and Preveition. By G. Phillips, of the Excise, and
Member of the London Chemical Soeitig.
This little pamphlet is the best treatise on the potato
disease which has yet appeared. The author, in order
to ascertain the nature of the disease, begins by making
a quantitative analysis of a sound and of a diseased
tuber. The results of these analyses are given, and the
effect produced on the potato by the acting of various
re-agents are described. The great differences between
the healthy and diseased tuber seems to be that the
latter contains 1330142 water and more gum, but less al-
bumen, less potateine, than the healthy tuber, which
also contains sugar, of which none found in the dis-
eased tuber. The author then gi.vs a minute descrip-
tion of the appearances presented by the various parts
of a potato plant when sribj-cted to microscopical ex-
amination. With regard to the indications of the ex-
istence of the disease, Mr. Phillips tells us
" The outward appearance of a tuber is no indication of its
soundness, for the disease invariably commences in the cuticle
of th 3 string or pendulum at the part where it joins the tuber.
If a po' lac. be diseased at all (unless by some ext,rnal in-
jury), it may be known by cutting a transverse section at
and perpendicular to the pendulum. The cutting should be
made immediately below the bark or outward skin, and if
the tuber be diseased, a brown spot will be seen, snore or less
extended, according to the severity of the disease, and the
length of its duration."
Although the starch in diseased tubers is at present
still existing, yet Mr. Phillips thinks it probable that
after a lengthened attack of the disease, that, too, might
disappear, and therefore he recommends that it should
be secured as soon as possible after the disease has made
its appearance. He ascribes the origin of the disease
entirely to the wetness of the season, which gorged the
plant with water and prestrated its powers ; and he
considers that the disease might have been prevented
by trenching the ground to the depth of twelve or four-
teen inches, so as to have drained off from the plant its
superfluous moisture. The following directions for
storing the tubers for winter use are well worthy of
attention :--
"In storing tubers for winter use, certain conditions should
be observed, or the tubers may decay before the disease is
outwardly perceptible.
" These conditions are—
" First. Absence of moisture.
"Secondly. Plenty of air—a current passing between the
tubers is the most efficacious, as it dries their surfaces.
" It is of no moment in what way these conditions are
complied with, so long as they are observed and maintained
in some form. I would recommend that the tubers be laid in
layers, placing between each layer straw and wood, or any
other substance by which a current of air may be passed
thr. ugh the layers and between the tubers. I would have
extended heaps rather than thick ones, and avoid a doze
atmosphere. The tubers ought not to be placed in pits, and
covered with earth, or shut out from the atmosphere. Pota-
toes of this season are not to be trusted to pits, or to any of
the old modes of storing, for the outward appearance is de-
ceptive and no criterion of soundness.
" Sand, lime, and other substances have been recom-
mended to be used as a medium in which to store tubers, but
I would say, avoid them and trust to the atmosphere. A
current of air will always carry off moisture from a damp or
wet substance, but sand and lime will not do so; on the
contrary they will, although dried bef .re use, soon absorb
and retain a portion of moisture natural to them when ex-
posed to the atmosphere at certain temperatures. But the
evil rests not there; they prevent the escape of water from
the tubers, and maintain a temperature around them favour-
able to the spread of the evil they were intended to preent.
" Stored potatoes should be frequently examined, because
although the putrefactive fermentation may be checked by
the means suggested, yet decay silently proceeds in another
form if the tuber be diseased."
With regard to seed potatoes, he says :
"In selecting tubers for seed, great care should be ob-
served, all the bruised and brown skinned ones should be re-
jected, and those only taken that are clean and healthy in
appearance. If cuttings be used, all that have brown spots
in them are to be refused, and if a suspicious or doubtful one
presents itself, cut it open and -examine it. The examinl-
Ulm will occupy time, but it will afford security and imps r.

knowledge that will be useful and important to the possessor
of it.
"In sel.eting cuttings take none that have the slightest
brown speck in them, or that are stained beneath the skin
of a brown colour, and if cuttings must be taken from a
diseased or suspicious tuber through necessity, cut the brown
part away with at least half an inch, if possible, of the white
and sound part of the tuber with it. The sooner the seed is
selected the better, and where cuttings are made, dip the cut
parts immediately the cutting is made into dry plaster of
paris, which will unite with the water that issues from the
cells, and form a dry coating over the surface of the potato,
that will tend much to preserve it from decay."

Mr. Phillips does not consider the present as at all a
new disease, and does not believe that it has been pro-
duced by either fungi or insects. The work con-
cludes with minute directions for laying out potato-
fields so as to avoid a recurrence of the disease. The
work is illustrated by plates, showing the structure of
the potato plant, and the appearances produced in it by
the disease.

NEW SYSTEM OF LOCOMOTION.

A system of loComotion on railways, altogether d►ferent
from any hitherto invented. has recently been pat forth ; and,
whatever may be its merits or demerits when applied on a
working scale, it is important as evidence that there is still a
wide field for discovery in the application of power to pro-
pulsion on railways. We witnessed on Saturday the action
of a working model of the new plan, in a large room at
Messrs. Keene and Nickelle's saw-mills, in the York-roan,
near Westminster-bridge; but, before we describe the appa-
ratus, we will insert the account given by Messrs. Keene and
Nickells themselves of the wonders to be achieved by their
ingenious mode of applying the power of compressed air to
propel carriages on railways
"They can now confidently state that, in addition to the
general advantages possessed by competing systems, they
may subjoin the following as peculiarly characterising their
invention :
"1. Perfect safety. 2. Great economy, in construction, in
simplicity, in motive power, in reparation, in facility of
adaptation. 3. Less oscillation. 4. Less vibration. 5.
Steeper gradients overcome. 6. No leakage or loss of power
beyond the actual amount required for working. 7. Absence
of piston, wheels, racks, pinions, and longitudinal valves.
8. Most. perfect control."
With the exception of the seventh characteristic feature,
the working model affords no test whatever whether the ex-
traordinary advantages held forth will be realised. It is
quite true, however, that without travelling piston and
longitudinal valve, as in the Clegg and Samuda Atmos-
pheric Railway, and without racks and. pinions, as in Pit_
brow's invention, the cal-tinge is propelled by the pressure
of air with great velocity, and a tractive power is attained
superior to that of the working models on the same scale of
either the atmospheric railways. We will endeavour to ex-
plain how this is done, though without drawings we fear the
dexription will not be perfectly intelligible. Between the
two rails there is laid down, as in the atmospheric rail-
ways, a pipe to contain the air which acts as the
moving power; but instead of being a circular rigid iron
pipe, it is square, and on each side of this square pipe there
is a flat flexible tube, through which the propelling cm-
pressed air passes. Two small wooden wheels fixed upon
vertical axles press against these flexible tubes, or air pas-
sages, so tightly as to arrest the progress of the air along
them. The wheels are fixed to the body of the carriage,
which is mounted on flanged wheels, as in ordinary railway
carriages ; no part of the weight resting on the two wooden
wheels, which serve merely as propellers. When the com-
pressed air is admitted into the elastic tubei, they become
instantly inflated, and the air presses against the wooden
wheels, and forces them onward. It is really extraordinary
to witness the force with which the compressed air acts when
applied in this manner, like a wedge, and apparently at great
disadvantage. Compressed air, with an acting pressure of
forty pounds to the square inch, admitted through a pipe not
more than one inch and a half in diameter, propelled a car-
riage holding four persons with great velocity ; and the
tractive power was so great, that a gentleman standing on
the ground could not hold it back. The material of which
the flexible tubes are made is a peculiar composition, adapted
for the purpose, and the external part, which presses against
the wooden wheels, is nearly a quarter of an inch thick, and
seems well protected against abrasion.
The experiment was perfectly successfnl, and the tractive
force of the compressed air so applied, is very much greater
than would, on a first inspection of the apparatus, be supposed
possible. The mode by which a train in motion is to be con-
trolled was not explained, as the inventors do not wish at
present to make known the whole of their plans, but we were
assured that the most perfect control may be attained.

TUESDAY NIGHT'S GAZETIE
OFFICE OF. ORDNANCE, Nov. 14, 1845.,
.Royal Regiment of Artillery—First Lieutenant. W. B.
Gardner to be Second Captain, vice Airey, deceased ' • Second
Lieutenant L. G. Paget to be First Lieutenant, vice Gardner,
Oct. 29.
Commission by the Lord-Lieutenant of Gloucestershire.
R. R. Coxwell, Esq., to be Deputy-Lieutenant, Oct. 25.
COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH.
Michaelmas Term.-9th Victoria.
17th November, 1845.
This Court will, on Wednesday the 3d, Thursday the 4th,
Friday the 'sth, 'Saturday the 6th, Monday the Bth of De-
cember next, and the three next following days, hold sit-
tings, and will proceed in disposing of the business in the
Special Paper and New Trial Paper, and in giving judgment
in cases that may then be pending.
By the Court.
COURT OF EXCHEQUER.
Michaelmas Term.-9th Victoria.
Monday, Nov. 17, 1845.
This Court will, on Monday, the Ist day of December next,
hold sittings, and will proceed in disposing of the business
then pending in the Special Paper on t'se said Ist day of
December r ext, and on the five following days, being the
2d, 3d, 4th, sth, and 6th days of December next.
By the Court.
Read in open Court, Elywo. BENNETT.
WHITEHALL, Ocr. 23.
The Right Hon. Sir Nicolas Conyngham Tindal, Knt.,
Lord Chief Justice of he. Majesty's Court of Common Pleas, has
appointed Edward SwinborneChalk, of Chelmsford, in the
county of Essex. Gent., to be one of the Perpetual Com•
missioners fer taking the acknowle4gments of deeds to be
executed by married women under the Act passed for the
abolition of fines and recoveries, and for the substitution of
snore simple modes Gf assurance, in and for the county of
Essex.

WHITEHALL, Nov. 14.
The Lord Chancellor has appointed Alfred Henderson, of
the city of Bristol, Gent., to be a Master Extraordinary in
the High Court of Chancery.
DECLARATION- OF INSOLVENCY.
James Pearce, licensed victualler Uxbridge.
BANKRUPTS.

Thomas Wilkinson. ironmonger, Quadrant, Regent-street,
to surrender Nov. 28 and Jan. 3, at twelve. at the Court of
Bankruptcy. Follett, official assignee, Sambrook-court, Ba-
singball-street ; Dod and Wray, reat Marlborough-street.
Johh Scul t horp, colourm:4n. brick-bill-lane, Upper Th ames-
street, Nov. 25, at half past eleven, and Dec. 31, at one, at the
Court of Bankruptcy. Johnson, official assignee, Basinghall-
street ; Robinson, Queen-street-place, Southwark-bridge.
William Vickers, bill broker, Carter-street, Walworth-
road, Nov. 26, at two, and Dec. 31, at twelve, at the Court
of Bankruptcy. Bell, official assignee, Coleman-street-
buildings ' • Rodgers, King-street, Cheapside.
James Crane, malster, Crooked-lane, City, Nov. 28, at
half-past two, and Dec. 23, at half-past one, at the Court of
Bankruptcy. Groom, official assignee, Abchurch-lane ; Ran-
dell, Birchin-lane.
William Absalom Darby, builder, Charles-street, West-
bourne-terrace, Paddington, Dec. 2, at half-past twelve, and
Dec. 23, at two, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Edwards, offi-
cial assignee, Frederick's-place, Old Jewry; Robinson, Or-
chard-street, Portman-square.
Benjamin Purnell, vinegar dealer, Stepney, Nov. 28; at
two, and Dec. 23, at one, at the CoUrt of Bankruptcy.
Groom, official rssignee. Al:church-lane ; Henderson, Man-
sell-street, Goodman's-fields.
John Lovegrove, barge builder, Rotherhithe-street, Ro-
therhithe. Nov. 25, at one, and Dec. 30, at half-past eleven,
at the Court of Bankruptcy. Graham, official assignee,
Coleman-street; Freeman and Co., Coleman street.
Benjamin Wade, tailor, Strand, Nov. 28, at eleven, and
,Tan. 3, at one, at the Court of Bankruptcy. Green, official
assignee, Aldermanbury ; Lloyd, 3lilk-street, Cheapside.

THE ARMY.

CAVALRY.

2d Dragoon Guards, Royal Barracks, Dublin—A party of
1 corporal and 1 private, and 2 troop horses, will arrive at
Liverpool, from Maidstone Cavalry Depot, on the 20th of
November. there to embark, per steam-vessel, for Dublin, to
join head-quarters.
3d Dragoon Guards, Ballincollig—A party of 1 corporal
and 1 private, and 2 troop horses, arrived at Bristol, on the
14th of November, from Maidstone Cavalry Depot, there
to embark, per steam-vessel, for Cork, en route to Join head-
quarters. Lieut.-Colonel Arthur is on leave of absence to
the 31st of January. Maj,m. Campbell is commanding. Re-
cruiting : 1 sergeant and 1 private.
Ist Royal Dragoons, Dundalk—A troop is held in readi-
ness to march from Belturbet and join head-quarters at
Dundalk, leaving one troop at Belturbet.
11th (Prince Albert's Own) Hussars, Newbridge—Lieut.-
Colonel the Eatl of Cardigan has joined head-quarters,
having purchased 20 remount chargers for this corps in
England. A party of 1 sergeant and 2 privates are now at
Liverpool, to embark the troop horses, per steam-vessel, for
Dublin, en route to Newbridge.
Captain Dickson's troop 13th Light Dragoons has arrived
at Clonmel from Cahir, and Captain Hamilton's has returned
to Cahir, head-quarters.

and who have evinced capabilities and talents elicited by that
education worthy of encouragement. Is it not,eeally painful
to see the son of a gentleman seventeen years a surveyor
of the navy, and who entered the service upon
the faith of a solemn compact with the Govern-
ment, kept down in a subordiate situation, after thirty
years' service, upon no fair pretence whatever, but
merely to suit the purposes of party political views, and
gratify the prejudices of certain interested persons; whilst
men of little or no claim to consideration as men of educa-
tion and professional attainment, have been promoted over
his head? verily, the Reform Admiralty of 1831 have much
to answer for. This was reforming abuses with a vengeance.
It was, however, understood, from a statement made in the
Devonport Yard lay a certain leading man at Somerset
House, that not one of those gentlemen would be promoted
whilst a joint of the surveyor's tail remained in power;
but nous verrons We consider such an abuse as this a blot
on the escutcheon of the Admiralty, which we scarcely think
the present Board will like to see remain.
" We need only refer to the report of the Commissioners
of Naval Revision, to show in what a wretched low state
the education and attainments of the old class of ship-
wrights, who fancy themselves qualified for the highest de-
partments of the service, generally rests; and hence, as
stated by those same Commissioners, it is imperative to
put an end to that want of foresight which may lead to se
much danger to the country.' Will any one believe if such
men as Creuze, Bonnycastle, Parsons, and others, who have
been fairly driven out of the service by disappointment, had
been allowed to have taken their fair place in the ship-
building department of the Government. as guaranteed to
them, the Admiralty would have experienced the vexatious
expense and failure's they have encountered in the construe
lion and armament of its ships and steamers? Should
we have had various ships set up in batches, at a ruinous
cut to the country, without a good scientific determine-
ti n c f. the merits of one of their class, and a sound know-
ledge of what was requisite to ensure perfection in all the
others? We had only a short time since no less than six
iron steamers built in private yards, from drawings furnished
by the surveyor's department of the Admiralty, not one
of which has realised the intended design. No sooner
were the first of them in the water and tried, then they
were found to be complete failures, and they underwent all
sorts of changes—one was paid off in despair. Never was
suck tinkering—all sorts of people were consulted. We
believe the cutting down the masts of the Jackall and Blood-
hound, and substituting short pole gear with four and aft
sails, was recommended by the Queen's .Harbour-Master
Mr. Walker, When this state of affairs became public, the
surveyor's department threw the blame on the Admiralty,
and en Messrs. Ditchburn and Mare, the contractors, and
pleaded as an excuse that they were only asked for hand-
seme lady-like drawings, without reference to particular
weights : this, however, was evidently an excuse. Certain,
however, it is, that no less than six steam-vessels were buil,
by the Government, of little or no use to the country, whose
Treasury paid the piper, to the tune of at least 50,0001. For
this expenditure no one appears responSible, the surveyor',
department •having, like the scuttle-fish, when disturbed,
thrown out a cloud of dark inky matter, and run off in the
midst of its own confounded confusion. Now, if we had a
good Board of Naval Construction and Revision, composed of
properly educated and qualified men, such monstrous absur
ditties could not occur, and the Treasury would be richer by
hundreds of thousands a year."—ltforning Herald
Captain Henry Byam Martin, C. 8., seal of Admiial Sim
Byam Martin, has been appointed to the command of the
noble 50-gun frigate the Grampus, razeed at Woolwich ley
Mr. Oliver Lang, the master shipwright. She will have a
complement of 500 men, and when ready will proceed to
the Pacific to join the squadron under Rear-Admiral Sir
George Seymour. Captain Martin was posted in 1828, for
his services at Navarino, in which battle he commanded the
Musquito sloop. The pendant has been hoisted on board.
We were sure that a young and smart officer would have
this splendid ship.
Mr. Thomas Pidcock, clerk in charge of the Lizard, has
been appointed acting paymaster and purser of the Alecto
steam-sloop.
The Retribution steam-frigate, Captain Lushington, will
most probably, when ready, proceed to the Pacific, to join
the squadron under the orders of Rear-Admiral Sir G.
Seymour.

THE RUSSIAN MEN OF WAR AT PLYMOUTIL—The Inger-
mannland line-of-battle sbip, with the flag of Vice-Ad-
iniral Lulka, with the 30-gun corvette Prince of Warsaw.
have arrived at Plymouth, with the Grand Duke Constan-
tine. The 80-gun ship remains in the Sound, but the cor-
vette has gone into Barnpool. - They have suffered much ie
the passage from Cronstadt. The corvette is large for the
name; she has no poop, but a flush deck. She has been
examined by the dockyard officer, and her defects
have been found so numerous that they will occup.%
a month repairing. It was proposed to take the liner from
the Sound into Hamoaze, alongside a hulk, to facilitate
her repairs, and hoys were sent out to take out her
powder. according to the established rules of the port; but
the Russians obstinately refuse to part with their powder, so
if they do not alter their decision they will remain where
they are. Many of the seamen have been ashore, but their
appearance and their habits do not recommend them.
The Netley tender has arrived at Devonport from Ports-
mouth.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THE 310111CING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
. TIMES.—It was perfectly natural that the Anti-Corn-law
League should take advantage of the present crisis to im-
press its own views more strongly on the public mind. No
ne then will have been surprised to hear of the free-trade
meeting convened last week at Birmingham ostensibly to do
honour to Mr. Charles Villiers, but in reality to make a de-
monstration against the existence of a corn-law in the pre-
sent state of the country. Surprise will perhaps rather bo
felt that at a meeting of this kind, collected under these cir-
cumstances, and by the authority of men who have never
been distinguished for their tact and moderation, there should
have been so little acrimony and asperity on.the part of the
different speakers. The speeches on this occasion were, in
the main, temperate and appropriate; but there remained a
sad everplus of those stock niaiseries which usance has
made the dramatic property of the League, and which
have subjected it to ridicule in quarters where it ought
to have been influential. Mr. Cobden talked in a
strain of puerile exaggeration about the redundance of
cheap bread which would result from a repeal of the corn-
laws, just. as if the experience of this very year had not
proved what all 'previous information had suggested—viz.,
that there is neither in Europe nor in America that abundant
supply of food which can, in the most propitious times, over-
stock the markets of any one country'. The great object ion
to the existing corn-law is, that it prevents that equable
distribution of food which the aggregate average of the corn
harvests throughout the world is calculated to promote. A
notion that its repeal would inundate us with a vast influx of
foreign wheat is contrary both to all experience of foreign
harvests, and, in a greater degree, to common sense. No
-me could teach us better than a political economist (and all
free traders are, ex vi termini, political economists) how im-
possible it would be for the people of any nation to con-
tinue producing oheap wheat for foreign exporta-
tion. The corn-law contravenes the operation of a
natural law, and embarrasses the mechanism of com-
merce. If it were repealed to-morrow, bread would
not, on an average, be 2d. a loaf cheaper, nor the value of
any tolerably good land be diminished even at first as much
as ten per cent. in value. Mr. Cobden should be cautious in
making these grossly coloured misrepresentations. Again,
there was, ns usual, some Utopian declamation about the
coming time when the navy of the country shall be em-
ployed,' not in fighting the country's battles, or guarding its
coasts and colonies, but in conveying and re-conveying cot-
ton goods and other manufactures all over the world. Of
course, this traditional sentiment was cheered by those pre-
sent, as any absurdity will always be by a great collection of
persons who have met together for the furtherance of one
common object and with the desire of preserving the appear-
ance of unanimity. But it might be suggested to such senti-
mental gentlemen that the intrusion of nonsense is alwas s of
vast disadvantage to the interests of a party ; and there is
hardly a man throughout the country, with eyes and brains
in his head, who is not aware that the greatness of England
and the greatness of English commerce are indebted as much
to the prowess of our naval and military services, as to the.
ingenuity and industry :of our manufacturers and merchants.
Nor would it be difficult to indicate countries, which are com-
paratively ignorant of our manufacturing skill, but which are
perfectly familiar with the quality of our three-deckers, and
he calibre of our seamen. The fact is, that as long as human
nature remains what it is (and we see no reason for expecting
-hat Messrs. Cobden and Bright are destined to change it),
i country will be respected in proportion to its power, and its
sower will depend upon its military resources. When our
navy becomes a great carrying instrument, and our sailors
mere factors, bailees, it requires no gift of prophecy to foretell
hat from that moment we shall lose all our power, and half
stir commerce. But it is curious to observe how far men will
suffer themselves to be possessed with one idea to the exclu-
sion of every other. Only they should recollect that, how-
ever monideal themselves, they have to address their dec-
lines to a world, which, in order to be converted, must not
he shocked by impracticable promises, nor provoked be specu-
lative crotchets. One other instance of this one -thoughted style
if dealing with important matters; Mr. Cobden says,
." Open the ports, and there will be no necessity for voting
oecuniary relief to Ireland." Indeed! Where did Mr.
Cobden learn this? Mr. Cobden is a Member of Parlia-
ment, and ought to know something of Ireland. Where did
he learn that the Irish are in the habit of consuming Wheat ?
If they are to consume it this year, it will be for the first
time; and we suspect that he does not intend that they
should get it without paying for it. If they do pay for it,
the money must come from England; if they don't pay for
it, or if we don't buy it for them. they will go without it, and
wheat will be less dear in the English markets. So much
for Mr. Cobden's argument about opening the ports. The
aroposition mooted, however, was not to vote an indiscrimi-
nate sum of money to the Irish, but to vote a sum of money
ror tin express purpose of giving them employment in some
national works—a proposition which may hereafter occupy
the attention of the Legislature as being involved in the vexed
question of Irish grievances and their remedies ; but which the
!gentry of the League may think entirely beneath their notice.
This conies again of having but one idea. But there is one
thing which, if we may infer from their professions, the
Leaguers have already been taught by past experience—viz.,
to disclaim all party connexions and obligations. It would
have been well for them if they had learned this some two or
three years ago. They would have gained both influence
and popularity by pursuing a course diametrically the re-
verse of that which they have pursued. And it is question-
able whether they might not have succeeded better than they
have in propagating their opinions. As it is, the latter have
thriven better than their authors. Free trade opinions are
gaining strength, the League is losing it. Nor is it difficult to
understand the reason of this. The League was eminently
sectarian ; it was also eminently dictatorial. It dealt in the
most virulent invectives, the most shameful inuendoes, and
the most despotic imperiousness. It proclaimed all dissen-
tients enemies to their country ; it denounced the agricul-
turists as pillagers and plunderers; it attacked the Church
and the aristocracy, if not in direct terms, at least
by implication. No wonder, therefore, that it was regarded
by many as a Jacobin club in disguise, No wonder that
many moderate persons, who, for commercial reasons, wished
to see an alteration made in the present corn-law, kept aloof
from that which seemed a combination of radicalism and
destructiveness; no wonder, also, that many persons who
were utterly indifferent to the corn-law hied themselves to
the League as the best vehicle for their own violent and in-
flammatory doctrines. Thus a great question affecting the
commercial relations of England with the rest of the world,
and demanding coolness of intellect with moderation of pur-
pose, was turned into a subject of party agitation, and ban-
aied about between two sets of men with all the heat and fury
of some trumpery party contest. The League seems to have
become partially aware of its past errors. It now has a noble
opportunity. for repairing them. A great crisis is coming on,
which requires not exaggeration, nor calumny, nor invec-
tive, nor anything from the. magazines of mercenary elo-
quence—but the knowle Ige, sagacity, and ability of men
deeply versed and deeply interested in the commercial trans-
actions of the country ; a ct isis, not attributable in its origin
to any Parliamentary enactment, though Increased in its in-
tensity and disposed to a recurrence by a law which it must
soon be the care of every statesman to review and modify. ,
Let the League carry out its professed intention of embody-
ing the opinions and expressing the wishes of the most in-
telligent and the most moderate among the commercial
classes, without spleen, acrimony, and irrelevancy—it will
then surely succeed in settling this momentous question, and
staving off future perils like those which now threaten us ;
but, let it return to its original character of an one-sided,
monideal,sectarian,clique, and it will do as much to obstruct
the success of a good cause as under better auspices it might
do to advance it..
CHRONICLE.—In the Chronicle of yesterday we gave an
extract from a leading article in Sunday's Observer, of which
the purport was to apprise the public that Ministers con-
' templated a further change in the corn-laws, without, how-
ever, abolishing protection or adopting a fixed duty. What-
' ever change is to be made is to be made his the principle
of the sliding-scale; but the scale itself is to be modified so
as to lower duties, while the mode of taking the averages is
so to be altered as, by excluding the coarser qualities of
wheat from the calculation to regulate the admission of
foreign grain by the prices fetched at any time by the finer
qualities, and so, in effect, to secure us always
lower rates of duties than those which would be fixed
according to the present mode of taking the aver-
sues. As the Observer gives itself out as an organ of the
Ministry (of this, as well as of the last), the article
in question excited some little sensation in the clubs; and
some idle gentlemen went about during the afternoon specu-
lating on this supposed explanation of the Ministerial policy.
We shall do no such thing. The thing is too preposterous to
be reasoned about as if there were one iota of truth in it. We
are not apt to err by supposing that Sir R. Peel and his col-
, leagues must of necessity act in a straightforward manner,
or on a large view of the necessities and feelings of the country.
But they are not idiots after all ; they know that the country
is in no humour to be fooled with insignificant changes, or
juggled by palpable frauds. If the corn-laws can be upheld,
they well know that they must be upheld in their present
state ; if abandoned, that it will not be possible to deceive
any one as to the extent of the change to be made.
Sir Robert knows well enough that he has tinkered the
sliding-scale to the utmost extent consistent with its
existence; and that the squires would be as impatient
at any further reduction of a pivot, which they look upon as
too low, or at any more rapid diminution of duties, which
they regard as insufficient, as they would be at the proposal
of a fixed duty, or perhaps even of free trade. As for the
proposed alteration of the mode of taking the averages, no
doubt it would meet the present just outcry against regu-
lating importation by the price of a quantity of inferior
wheat, hardly fit for human food. But if you effect your
purpose by excluding the inferior qualities from the averages,
you in truth lower the existing protection as effectually as
if you lowered the pivot. If you get at the average that
regulates importation by taking into consideration only the
higher-priced qualities, you ensure that average being higher
than it would be under the present law at the same rate of
prices in our markets. Upon the same quantity of corn sold
for which the average now returned is 505., the average taken
on the finer qualities alone would, very probably, be
60s. When we consider the habitual amount of difference
between the highest and lowest prices of wheat in the same
market, we feel confident that this is not over-rating the dif-
ference likely to result from taking the average in the pro-
posed manner. Where, therefore, under the present law the
maximum duty of U. attaches, under such a system there
would be a duty of only lls ; and where under the present
law the average would be estimated at 635., and the ditty
be 95., under the proposed plan the average would probably
be taken at 735., and there would be a shilling duty. This
no doubt would, as the Observer says, "prove a most ma-
terial relaxatis n of the present system." But would it not
be too obviously so from the possibility even of country
gentlemen's mistaking its tendency ? And if they are likely
to consent to such a relaxation, why not let them have the
credit of consenting to free tradeopenly and without disguise ?
The existence of the corn-laws has surely been one of shams
and pretences enough, to spare us the necessity of con-
structing a fresh fabric of fraud for their tomb- We are per-
suaded that the Observer has in this case been unwittingly
made the exponent, not of a ministerial plan, but of the de-
vice of some subordinate Tape or Tadpole. It is just such a
device as would suggest itself to those whose great aim in life
is "keeping their party together;" who have a great dread
of public opinion, without any comprehensionwho have
a lively faith in the gullibility of all manner of men, and es-
pecially of country gentlemen and farmers
theyd who think
that by such pretences as these may escape
the pressure from without, while they retain a
sufficient semblance of adhering to the principles
and interests of their party. Such shifts as these are
ever suggested in the last throes of expiring abuses.
Sir Robert Peel may have determined or consented to make
a stand in behalf of the sliding scale. He may have apprised
his colleagues, or been induced by them to admit that, though
the corn-laws must be repealed, he cannot as Minister pro-
pose the repeal; or—what we believe to be much more near
the truth—he may have made up his mind to give up the
corn-laws, have got the subject started in the Cabinet, and
have put off announcing his policy until circumstances
shall have made out a stronger case against the sliding
scale. Whatever he may have 'done, or may intend to
do, the corn-laws will rot last many mouths longer.
Public opinion has doomed them. Ail who disapprove
of them are determined that the mischief *hall last no
longer. The supporters of them have avowedly resounced
all hope of maintainidg them. Some, like Mr. Escott and
Lord Ashley. have publicly declared such a conviction. The
` Morning Herald has got to deprecate a "precipitate" repeal.
And those who, like the Morning Post, still remain staunch
to the cause of monopoly, regard themselves as betrayed, and
tacitly admit their inability to dehnd their . cause. The

events of the last few weeks have added an overwhelming
force to the stream that was before setting against the corn-
laws. How the result is to be brought about—whose is to be
the honour of being the prominent agent in the last scene—
whether the repeal of the corn-laws is to be effected by Peel's
deserting his party, or by a portion of his party deserting
Peel, or by both being scared by some manifestation of public
feeling, no one can pretend to see. But that the result will
speedily be brought about, we have not the slightest doubt;
fir never did so strong and general a public opinion exist,
without finding some way or other of achieving its object.
POST.—It seems to be now generally supposed that Par-
liament will meet some three weeks earlier than it generally
does, in order to deliberate upon the various important and
ietercsting subjects which call for its consideration. We
think it a good resolution—in default of some better method
communicating with the public—to call the Parliament to-
gether as soon as that can be conveniently managed. We
have no very great confidence either in the wisdom or the
virtue cf Parliament, but in anxious times there ought to be
some way by which the Government and the public may have
some sort dcorrinumication with each other, and by which the
talkers of nonsense about what the Government twill and must
do may be put down. Unfortunately there is in this coun-
try no such thing as confidence in the good will and toffee-
tinnate feeling of the Government towards the people.
We do not find any one trusting that the Government
will certainly do what is best fur the comfort and happiness
of the people. Anxiety cannot be got rid of in that way.
Some persons believe that the Government will uphold the
corn-laws for the sake of certain rich people who have an
interest in them, though it is quite clear, as they assert, that
thousands of the people will thereby suffer starvation. Hun-
dreds of intelhgent, educated people, profess to believe this,
end some of them write it and have it printed, and distributed
to the public, yet the very men who do this regard the Minis-
ters not as fiends, but as rather respectable gentlemen, front
whom an invitation to dinner would be no insult. Such is
the jumble of belief and feeling about great personages who
compose the Government. Surely if any man were really
and thoroughly impressed with the conviction that they who
rule over him and his fellow citizens are capable of
such abominable inhumanity, they would take. some
strong measures to throw oft' such a yoke. Because
they do nothing of the kind, we have the utmost doubt
of the sincerity of their professions. Others believe that
Ministers chiefly concerto themeelyea about obtaining majo-
titles in the House of Commons, and so continuing to ba
Ministers, and do not much allow their minds to dwell upon
the condition of the people at large. Others, again, are of
opinion that Ministers think only how they may promote
traffic and give opportunities to persons who devote capital to
traffic to make profits thereon and to increase their store.
All seem to come to the conclusion that they who have the
reins of Government in their bands have regard merely to
some personal or party object, or the realisation of some poli-
tical theory, or the warding off some danger which threatens
their own position as a Government. No one seems
to dream, even for a moment, of Ministers being
actuated by an affection of solicitude for the great
'body whom they have been appointed to govern.
The political care of the people, then, devolving
upon themselves (the Ministers being occupied with inter-
mediate interests between the peop leand the Government), it
is very natural the people should look for the proceedings of
Parliament, where they can at least hear something of what
is going on. But we fear that the character of Parliament
must be much charged before it will be a trustworthy en-
gine of popular Government. The change of 1832 seems to
have been a change, not from bad to good, nor from good to
bad, but a change float bad to worse. Under the old system,
of the great proprietors nominating a large portion of the
Lower House, a trust was reposed in the great proprietors,
which they either abused or did not attend to with such care
as they ought. They did not take the pains which they
ought-to have taken to exercise their powers of nomination
in favour of sense and virtue, awl patriotism. In
the place of this system we have got another
which, failing to produce the occasional good effects
of the nomination system, has nothing of a counterbalancing
kind in which the great body of the people either can con-
fide or ought to confide. Granted that the House of Com-
mons has in it, under the new system, fewer fops of fashion
and idle young gentlemen, or of more staid persons, who
never thought of exercising an independent judgment in
voting. This may be, but what have we in their room?
Have we men distinguished for public virtue, or eloquence,
or patriotism? Have we men whose conduct as representa-
tives of the people elevates the British Parliament in the
eyes of this country and of the world, and gives to all civi-
lised nations a bright example of what may be achieved by
acting upon the principles of British liberty and justice?
Alas: no, We have a crowd of clever loquacious jobbers.
When the revolution of 1832 first took place, it was supposed
by those who most feared it, that the House of Commons
would become ultra. Democratic—that it would represent, not
the national interests, but the passions of the mob. That was a
wrong calculation, It was not wrong in so far as it was sup-
posed that the national interests would thenceforth be inade-
qaately represented ; but the representation actually created
has not been of the passions of the mob, but of the selfishness
of traffic. The national interests are not merely the interests
of men as proprietors of menu, or of stock in trade, or of
land, or of mines. These are neglected by men who are con-
sidering what they may do to make wages cheaper that ma-
nufactured goods may be sent at a less price into foreign
markets, or in perfecting schemes of internal communication,
not fur the sake of giving employment to the people and
facilitating their improvement, but in order to invest capital
at a greater advantage. These are the schemes which en-
gage the minds of men who ought to be consideriug the
national interests—meo who, for the sake of present advan-
tage, do not scruple to engage the mass of the people in cir-
cumstances of feverish activity, without the slightest re-
flection uppn the question, " what is to become of these
people when the works in which they are now engaged shall
hare been completed ?"

LORD Jour' RUSSELL.—The Lord Prevost had
the honour of entertaining Lord John Russell to dinner, at his
house, on Thursday evening, when a number of noblemtu
ani gentlemen were invited to be present.—Scotsman.
EASTERN COUNTIES RAILWAY.—Since the com-
mencement of the month the directors have set apart a car-
rilve in each train for the accommodation of ladies travelling
bythemselvev.—Essex Hera'd,

The utility of the electric telegraph, which is
brought down the London and South-Western Railway into
the victualling-yard at Gosport, was fully exemplified on
Sunday :—The detention of the President frigate by the ac-
cident to her capstan; the arrival of the Thalia with freight
from South America, and the Admiralty orders for her to be
paid off at Portsmouth ' • and the departure of the Geyser,
were all communicated by this telegraph in the short period
of a few minutes, notwithstanding the messages had to be
carried to and fro by a boat—the weather preventing the
Semaphore telegraph being used.
TUE LORD CUANCELLOR.—We deeply regret to
bear that his Lordship still remains much indisposed, though
Dr. Locock has returned to town from Turville Park, where
be has been staying for two or three days past, for the pur-
pose of affording his professional assistance. The attack
under which the Chancellor suffers is understood to be of a
nature from which great weakness and prostration may be
expected, even after the disorder itself shall have been over-
come ; and it is not therefore improbable that the Noble and
Learned Lord may be prevented for some considerable time
from resuming the exercise of the arduous daties which he
has hitherto so ably discharged. If this unfortunate circum-
stance should occur, it is said that the great seal will be put
into commission ; and Sir Edward Sugden, Mr. Baron.
Parke, and Mr. Baron Alderson. are spoken of as likely to be
entrusted with the performance, ad intenm, of the functions
of the Lord Chancellor.—Post.

ROYAL ARTILLERY.—WOOLWICII, Nov. 17.--
Major Armstrong's company, for Ireland, and Captain Thorn-
dike's company, from Scotland, both of the 4th battalion,
assembled on the guard mounting parade, at ono o'clock.
r.si., to-day, in heavy marching order, fur the commandant's
inspection. His Lordship inspected the men and their ap-
pointments very minutely, and expressed himself highly
pleased with their soldierlike appearance. His Lordship was
attended by Brigade-Major Cuppage, Major Elgee cOrn•
mantling the battalion, and Captain and Adjutant Nedham.
Captain Benn's company (.3d battalion) will relieve Major
Armstong's company from field battery duty to-morrow, and,
on the following day ('Wednesday) Major Armstrong's com-
pany will embark at two o'clock, A.m., at Roff's wharf, for
conveyance to London, to proceed by railway from the Ens-
ton-square terminus to Liverpool, en route to Dublin, to re-
lieve Captain d'Arley's company (Ist battalion), under orders
to return to head-quarters.

GAMBLING IN THE ARMY.—The following garrison
order has been issued by General Sir Robert Wilson, Gover-
nor of Gibraltar, in consequence of the loss of near 3,0001. by
one officer in the garrison at play :—" Town Major's-office,
Gibraltar, October 25. The Governor has had the mortifica-
tion to find several officers of this garrison, in disobedience of
the most express orders of the Sovereign, and to the great
prejudice of the service, have been engaged in gaming tran-
sactions, which have brought ruin in their train upon one of
the party. It is a vice of such a pernicious nature—a pest in
a garrison, so destructive of discipline, personal welfare, and
that good feeling which should pervade brother officers, in-
stead of making a prey of one another, as to render the seve-
rest condemnation imperative. The Governor having ordered
a court of inquiry to investigate the particulars, has found
the allegations so well established that he is under the neces-
sity of transmitting a statement of the proceedings to his
Grace the Commander-in-Chief; but he will also have the
satisfaction to report one of the officers concerned as having
been so sensible of his fault as spontaneously to have made
the most disinterested reparation in his power to mitigate its
mischief and exercise a salutary influence. D. Falls, Colonel,
Town Major."
THE KING OF TIE FRENCH AND THE CORPORA-
TION or Losnox.—The worthy citizens of London will be
delighted to find the flattering reception a portion of their
body has received from the King of the French. His Ma-
jesty having been informed that three of the aldermen
were at Paris who were upon the deputation with the
address of the Corporation which his Majesty received at
Windsor—viz., Sir William Magnay, Sir George Carrol,
b.r3l .PUI also Mr. Pilcher, ex-Sheriff,
the Palace of St. Cloud, on
invitedAlderm theman H ut
omap
reception
Monday
at half-past eight, and presented them to
the
and '
several members of the Royal Family, by
Queen evening,
whom they were received with the greatest cordiality. The
next morning these gentlemen were honoured by an invi-
tation to dinner at six o'clock, and on their arrival at St.
Cloud they were received in the billiard-room by his Ma.
jesty, and then passed on to the Queen's apartment, and
where a reception awaited them no less flattering than that
bestowed by the King. The dinner party consisted of the
royal family only, and their suite, which made the compliment
more marked. During dinner every courtesy of polished
life was shown to the visitors, and afterwards the party
were ushered to the theatre. Nine members of the Royal
Family occupied the front places, and the four visitors were
placed in chairs immediately behind the Royal Family.
When the Queen retired to take refreshment, his Majesty
again marked by his attention the kindness and cordiality of
his feelings, and said that he should never forget the great
kindness he had experienced from the Corporation during the
mayoralty of Harvey Combe.—Atlas.
DEATH OF THE DOWAGER LADY HOLLAND.—
We have the painful duty to announce the death of the
Dowager Lady Holland, who expired at two o'clock on Mon-
day morning, at her Ladyship's residence in South-street.
The deceased was taken seriously ill on Sunday se'nnight,
and since that day has gradually sunk under the attack.
Dr. Babington has been in constant attendance on her,Lady-
ship, but from Wednesday last he gave no hopes of her reco-
very. Her Ladyship, who was the daughter and heir of Mr.
Richard Vassal!, of Jamaica, was in her seventy-sixth year.
She married the late Sir Godfrey Webster, Bart., of Battle
Abbey, Sussex, but that marriage was dissolved by Act of
l
Parliament, when, on the 9th July, 1797, she married the
Lord Holland, by whom she leaves issue—Lord Holland
(our Minister at the Court of Tuscany), Lady Lilford, Sze.
Colonel and Lady Mary Fox, and several families of rank,
are placed in mourning by her death.
IBRAHIM PACILA.—The last adv'ces receiver] from
Florence, in date of the 9th instant, state that his Highness
will leave Leghorn on the 13th, on board the Nile steam
frigate, for Genoa. After visit in, that town Ibrahim Paella
will proceed to Toulon, the arsenal' of which he has a great
desire to see. He will arrive at Marseilles about the end of
the present month, an after a short sojourn at this town,
he will proceed to the baths of Vernet, where, iris supposed
he will pass the winter months.

...-emok.a.
IMPORTANT TO RAILWAY
‘WRVEYORS.
CIiNVICTIoN OF Six Sußvs;vons FoR WILFUL DAUAGE.
—On Monday, Mr. William Jones, of No. 28, Jermyn-street,
Regent-street ; Mr. Henry Fuller, of No. 15, Alfred-place,
Bedford-square ; Mr. Thomas Skettle, of No. 14, Francis-
street, lia,kney ; Mr. James Keene, of High-street, Isling-
ton ; Mr. Charles Clair, of No. 11, Queen-street, Golden-
ogre ; and Mr. William Langley, of No. 56, St. John's-
treet, Smithfield, all described on the police-sheet as sur-
veyors, appeared in discharge of their bail before Mr. G.
Baillie (chairman), and Messrs. B. J. Armstrong, J. Frere,
Roe, and Bidwell, the sitting magistrates at the Brent-
ford Petty. Sessions, on a charge of having been found on
the grounds of Mr. John Wilmot, the well-known, fruit-
grower, in the parish of Isleworth, "supposed for an unlaw-
ful purpose."
The case excited the greatest interest throughout the sur-
rounding district, and the large room of the Three Pigeons
Inn, at which the Petty Sessions are held, was crowded to
Mess.
Policeman John Sweeney, T 135 deposed that about a
quarter-past two o'clock on the morning of Saturday last,
while on duty in Quaker's-lane, in the parish of Isleworth,
when near Mr. Wilmot's grounds, he heard a rustling in
that gentleman's garden, and on getting over the hedge to
see who was there, he saw some persons with bull's-eyed
lanterns in their hands. Witness then said nothing to them,
but went immediately and called up Mr. Norris, Mr. Wil-
mot's foreman. Sergeant Cuishan, T 15, was with witness
at the time. Mr. Norris accompanied witness and Sergeant
Cuishan to Mr. Wilmot, who on being informed that there
were trespassers in the grounds, gave directions that the
police should take the offending parties into custody. Ser-
geant Cuishan, witness, and Mr. Norris, then returned up
into the gardens, and found all the defendants there. The
defendants were measuring the grounds with a tape mea-
sure. Sergeant Cuishan and witness on going up to the de-
fendants told them they ware our prisoners, and Mr. Norris
said he gave them in charge. Witness and Sergeant Cuishan
then took them in charge.
The defendant Skettle, who was spokesman of the party,
proceeded to question the witness, who further stated that
he saw the party leave the Coach and Horses public-house,
kept by Mr Blackwell, which adjoins Syon-park, about
eleven o'clock, and that one of them, as they passed him,
said, " We can show bull's-eyes as well as you." Deiendants
did not say where they were going, and that t'.ey had to
work night and day, as they were behind; it was not in con-
sequence of defendants so telling witness that he knew where
to come upon them. Witness did say that he was very
glad that he had met them coming out of the Coach and
Horses, as, but fir that, he should perhaps have been blamed.
When he first went into the garden he saw two lamps, but
saw no persons.
Sergeant C ishan, T 15, deposed that he wentlo Mr. Wil-
mot's grounds with the last witness, and found two of the
defendants in the gardens, and the others in the park. The
two in the gardens had lamps and a tape measure, with
which they were measuring. Witness went up to them and
asked what they were doing there, when they said they were
measuring, and were obliged to work day and night. On
coming out of the gardens witness and the others crossed an
open lane (Quaker's-lane), and on Mr. Norris opening the
gate of the park, they found four other defendants there.
The latter had been planting iron pegs. They were measur-
ing, and were ahead of the other two.
The police here produced a large bundle of iron wires and
pegs, and several bull's-eye lanterns.
'Mr. Joseph Norris deposed that he was foreman to Mr.
Wilmot. He accompanied the police that morning, and
traced the defendants across upwards of twenty acres of
highly cultivated ground. Witness found that currant
bn"hes and gooseberry bushes were broken. Part of an in-
cline bank had been broken down, and a considerable por-
tion spoiled. The defendants had likewise passed through
and made a gap in a holly hedge. They had not cut it, but
had made a gap so that witness could see where they had
got through. He then traced them to within forty yards
of where they were taken into custody, which was a piece
of cabbages. They were also injured. He also observed a
gap in the Quaker's-lane hedge, in a straight line with
where the defendants were found, and the arras top rail of
the fence of the park was broken off, and thirty-nine head of
cattle, which were in the park, might have got out and gone
into Mr. Chapman's garden, and have done infinite damage.
Witness had, at five o'clock on the previous afternoon, driven
the defendants, Jones and Skettle, off Mr. Wilmot's grounds,
telling them that Mr. Wilmot had had a peremptory order
from his Grace the Duke of Northumberland not to admit
surveyors upon his grounds under any circumstances.
The defendant Skettle, on the part of himself and friends,
then addressed the Bench, and said that with regard to their
being on the defendant's grounds measuring by night, the
30th of November was so near that they were obliged to work
both day and night to get the plans ready. The projected
undertaking on which they were engaged was a watercourse
or tunnel, between Colebrook and Hampstead, for a large
public company. He could not say what the company was
called, as they were engaged by an eminent surveyor in town.
They had only further to say -that they had not done more
damage than they could help, and they were not aware that
they were doing wrong.
Mr. Armstrong said that railway and other companies
must recollect that they had not yet got their Acts of Parlia-
ment to authorise them to go upon other persons' grounds
without permission.
Mr. Wilmot declared that he had to contend with about
ten lots of such persons a day, and he was actually obliged to
keep a man absolutely for the sole purpose of warniag them
off. His orders from the Duke of Northumberland were pe-
remptory on the subject, and he had therefore directed that
the defendants should be given into custody, in order to show
them that the private property of individuals was not to be
invaded in that way.
Mr. Skettle said that both himself and his colleagues were
very sorry that in the discharge of their duties they should
have given offence to any one, and trusted that having been
takeninto custody, and prevented continuing their survey,
which would be a great loss to them, they had been suffi-
ciently punished. To show how anxious they had been not
to do damage, he would mention that they had used a tape
measure, which was a most inconvenient one to them, instead
of the chain, which was likely to catch and break things.
The Bench then conferred together for a considerable time,
when,
The Chairman said the defendants were each convicted of
wilful damage to the amount of ss. ; and, in addition they
must each pay a penalty of 10s. and ss. costs, or be com-
mitted for twenty-one days ; and if they were again found
under similar circumstances, without permission being first
obtained, the highest penalty of Si. each would be imposed.
The amount of damage, &c., 61., was immediately paid.

•
THE ALLEGED MUTINIES AND
MURDERS ON BOARD THE TORY.
On Monday Mr. Clarkson, counsel for the prosecution in the
case of the men charged with piracy and murder on board
the ship Tory, accompanied by Mr. Hawley, clerk to Messrs.
Crowdor and Maynard, solicitors, came to the Thames
Police•court in great haste, and while a night charge was
being heard the learned counsel, who was seated under the
Bench, arranged his papers, and it was announced that he
would make an important application relating to the case.
After the case had terminated, however, he made some com-
munication to Mr. Broderip, the sitting magistrate, and, ac-
companied by Mr. Symons, the chief clerk, and Mr. Hawley,
retired to the magistrate's private room, where they were
closeted for some time. Ultimately Mr. Clarkson left the
building without making any application to the magistrate.
Directly after the conference had terminated, Mr. James
Evans, junior, inspector of Thames police, was sent for, and
received some directions from Mr. Symons. The greatest
secrecy was observed by all parties, and the inspector,
after a very short interview with the chief clerk, left the
Court in great haste. Whether Captain Johnstone was
arrested at that time we are unable to learn, but he was
taken into custody in the course of the day, and lodged in the
Thames Police station-hotoe, The cause which led to this
extraordinary but not unexpected measure, was, that Capt.
Johnstone was making preparations to leave England. The
inspector, in pursuance of directions from Mr. Broderip, had
looked very closely after the captain since he gave such ex-
traordinary evidence on Wednesday last, and also caused him
to be examined by a surgeon, who found a very slight scar
or scratch behind one of his ears, and a mark on the calf of

his leg.
It will be recollected that Captain Johnstone, in his evi-
dence, said that Mars, the second mate (who was afterwards
murdered on board), inflicted a wound upon his head with a
bayonet, and that he struck Mars in return with a cutlass,
and forced him out of the cabin. He also stated, that when
off Plymouth there was a rush aft, that French (one of the
prisoners) sang out " Mutiny," and that several men entered
the cabin and extinguished the lights, and that he received
a wound in the calf of his leg from a bayonet, and another,
as if from a knife, above the jugular. What motive the sea-
men could have had to get up a disturbance off an English
port, where immediate aid could have been obtained, was
never explained by him. It appears, however, that he has
received a wound in the calf of his leg, but an extremely
slight one. Cone,Gair, and the other wounded men have been
examined by Mr. Davis, the surgeon of the Westminster
Bridewell, who will make a report to the magistrate on the
next examination. It, is believed that an application will
be made by Mr. Clarkson to-morrow, when the 15 seamen
will come up for re-examination, for the discharge of some,
if not all of them, that they may be enabled to give evidence
against Captain Johnstone. Mr. Pelham, solicitor, who is
conducting the defence for the prisoners gratuitously' has re-
tained Mr. Ballantine, jun., barrister,on their behalf, and he
has been instructed to apply for the discharge of the men,
and to accuse the captain of the wilful murder of Rambert and
Mars, the first and second mates, and Reason, a seaman. He
Las also been instructed to charge the captain with cutting
and wounding several other men. The most extaordinary
disclosures will be made on the next examination. The news
of the ;arrest and detention of Captain Johnstone became
universally known last evening in the eastern part of the
metropolis, and created a considerable sensation.
Joseph Morris, a seaman, who received a pistol-shot in his
leg on board the Tory, still remains in the Dreadnought
.hospital-ship in a very precarious condition.

ALARMING FIRES.
Yeetprdavy looming, soon after one o'clock, an alarming and
deAructive fire broke out in the extensive saw mills belong-
ing to Mr. William Little, situate inNorway-place, Hackney-
road. The first discovery was made by police-constable
11 52. Smoke and sparks mounting over the roofs of the
front dwellings made him aware of the alarming fact.
Without a moment's loss of time the officer raised an alarm,
and having procured additional assistance he dispatched a
messenger for the engines. Owing, however, to the large
quantity of timber and other equally inflammable articles
upon the premises, the fire spread with such amazing ra-
pidity, that it broke through the roof of the building. The
engines of the brigade from Whitecrose-street, Jeffrey and
Wellclose-squares, Watling-street, and Southwark. bridge-
road, with Mr. Braidwood, the superintendent, ar-
rived ; these were followed by others from Farringdon-
street, and the West of England and the County Fire-
offices, with Messrs. Connorton and Garwood. As
quickly as possibly the engines were got to work, from
the most commanding positions, but by the time the
first one could be called into action, the flames had obtained
possession of the greater portion of the spacious mills. These
contained, beside an immense quantity of wood, a valuable
lasiortment of machinery. The exertions of the firemen
were, therefore, directed to save, if possible, the contents of
the building • in that, however, they were unsuccessful, and
in less than half an hour after the first outbreak the de-
istrective element had extended from end to end of the mills,
and had communicated to the front premises of Mr, Clerk,
tobacconist, and at the backs of several other housea. Seeing
the great danger to which the adjoining property was ex-
posed, the firemen speedily shifted their quarters, and brought
the branches of their engines to bear upon the houses
ainnd the
main road. This happily was crowned with success, by
atrenuous exertions the firemen succeeded by three o'clock
ht ;wresting, the further progress of the flames. The damage
doneot is needless to state, is very considerable. At one
period it was truly distressing to see the inhabitants of the
contiguous dwellings rushing f e•th into the street almost in
a state of nudity, carrying with them what little property
they mulct lay hold of, which they deposited, for protection
from the flames in the open street. As to the origin of the
fire; or whether or not the parties are insured, we were unable
to learn during the excitement which prevailed.
The psemises of Messrs. Cuthberts and Archers, the ex•
tensive tallow melters, situate in Paternoster-row, just oppo-
site to the passage leading to Newgate•market, had a narrow
escape from being destroyed by Are on Monday morning. It