The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-20 00:00:00

No. 15,6-1&. LONDON, THURSDAY "CORNING SUN OCTOBER 20, 1842.

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•. - -

MR. ORDE'S MARE BEESWING.
Preparing for Publication.
A PORTRAIT of this celebrated MARE,
painted by express desire of Mr. ORDE, by J. F. HER-
RING, Sen., and engraved by CHARLES HUNT ; size of
the Print, 20 by 15, to be coloured after the Original Picture,
price 1/, Is.. _ .

EXTRACTS FROM THE " INQUIRY
IND> THE SANITARY CONDITION OF THE
LABOURING POPULATION OF GREAT
BRITAIN."—(CoNmicEn.)
An example is presented in Manchester of the
practicability of obtaining supplies for the com-
mon benefit of a town without the agency of,pri-
vate companies. In that town gas has for some
years past been supplied from works erected and
conducted not by the municipality but by a body
appointed under a local Act by an elected com-
mittee of the ratepayers. This mode of sup-
plying the town was, it appears, violently
opposed by private interests; but I am informed
that the supplies of gas are of as good or even
of a better quality, and cheaper than those oh-
tained from private companies m adjacent towns;
that improvements in the manutacture of the
gas are more speedily adopted than in
.private as-
sociations, and the profits are reserved as a pub-
lic fund for the improvement of the town. Out
of this fund a fine Town-hall has been erected,
whole streets have been widened, and various
large improvements have been made ; and the
i
income now available for the further improve-
ment of the town exceeds 10,0001. per annum,
after providing for the expense of management
and the interest of the sinking fund on the
money borrowed.—Page 76.
It has been shown that the Isle of Ely was at
one period in a desolate state, being frequently
inundated by the upland waters, and destitute of
adequate means of drainage ; the lower parts be-
came a wilderness of stagnant pools, the exhala-
tions from which loaded the air with pestiferous
vapours and fogs; now, by the improvements
which have from time to time been made, and
particularly within the last fifty years, an altera-
tion has taken place which may appear to be the
effect of magic. By the labour, industry, and
spirit of the inhabitants, a forlorn waste has been
converted into pleasant and fertile pastures, and
they themselves have been rewarded by bounte-
ous harvests. Drainage, embankments, engines,
and enclosures have given stability to the soil
(which in its nature is as rich as the Delta of
Egypt) as well as salubrity to the air. These
very considerable improvements, though carried
on at a great expense, have at last turned to a
double account, both in reclaiming much ground
and improving the rest, and in contributing to
the healthiness of the inhabitants. Works of
modern refinement have given a totally different
face and character to this once neglected spot;
much has been performed, much yet remains to
be accomplished by the rising generation. The
demand for labour produced by drainage is in-
calculable, but when it is stated that where sedge
and rushes were but a few years since, we now have
fields of waving oats and even wheat, it must be
evident that it is very great.—Page 80.
A medical gentleman of great experience at
Boston, in Lincolnshire, and who is considerably
advanced in life, has frequently observed to me,
that intermittents are so much diminished in his
circuit, that an ounce of the cinchona goes fur-
ther at this time in the treatment of agues than
a pound of- it did within his own recollection.
During his father's practice at Boston, they were
still more obstinate and severe. For my own
part, I have declared, for several years, in vari-
ous companies, that marsh miasmata are the
cause of both agues and the rot. And as mias-
mata are admitted, by the concurring testimonies
of medical practitioners in every part of the
globe, to be produced by the action of the sun
upon low, swampy grounds, I hope this interest-
ing- subject will be fully investigated, and effec•
tual plans carried into execution, for the pre-
servation of man, and of the animals which are so
useful to him.—Page 85.
The sanitary effects of road cleansing, to which
house drainage and road drainage is auxiliary, it
appears is not confined to the streets in towns
and the roads in villages, but extends over the
roads at a distance from habitations on which
there is traffic. Dr. Harrison, whose testimony
has been cited on the subject of the analogy of
the diseases of animals to those which affect the
human constitution, in treating of the prevention
of fever or the rot am migst sheep, warns the
shepherd that, even afterprovidingdrained pasture
and avoiding " rotting-places" in the fields, all
his care may be frustrated if he do not avoid,
with equal care, leading the sheep over wet and
miry roads with stagnant ditches, which are as
pernicious as the places in the fields designated
as " rotting-places." He is solicitous to impress
the fact that the rot, i. e., the typhus fever, has
been contracted in ten minutes, that sheep can at
" any time be tainted in a quarter of an hour,
while the land retains its moisture and the wea-
ther is hot and sultry." He gives the following
instance, amongst others, of the danger of tra-
versing badly drained roads. " A gentleman re-
moved ninety sheep from a considerable distance to
his own residence. On coming near to a bridge,
which is thrown over the Barling's.river, one of
the drove fell into a ditch and fractured its leg.
The shepherd immediately took it in his arms to
a neighbouring house, and set the limb. During
this time, which did not occupy more than one
hour, the remainder were left to graze in the
ditches and lane. The flock were then driven
home, and a month afterwards the other sheep
joined its companions. The shepherd soon dis-
covered that all had contracted the rot; except
the lame sheep ; and as they were never sepa-
rated on any other occasion, it is reasonable to
conclude that the disorder was acquired by feed-
ing in the road and ditch bottoms." The precau-
tions applicable to the sheep and cattle Will be
deemed equally applicable to the labouring po-
pulation who traverse such roads.—Pages 88, 89.
The histories of other cities, and particularly
of Paris, afford illustrations of the effects of the
neglect of public cleansing, which begin in the
ignorance and carelessness of the superiorofficers,
and continue in the predominance of ignorance
and obscure interests of a multitude in the pre-
sent day :—" For several years the suppression
of an enormous cesspool at Paris near the Bar-.
riere des Fourneaux was implored by the inha-
bitants. Placed under the predominant winds, it
was a permanent cause of annoyance to the
quarters of St. Germain and St. Jacques. But
all petitions were in vain. A singular occur-
rence brought about the event for which the
people had prayed more than fifty years. In a
hunting party, the Prince of Conde was carried
by a fiery horse towards this same cesspool ; find-
ing it impossible to turn the animal,. the Prince
had the presence of mind to throw himself on the
ground, but the horse darted forward into the
cesspool and disappeared. The next day an
order was issued from Versailles, enjoining M.
Lenoir, the Lieutenant of Police, to fill up the
cesspool, which was accordingly done." A par-
ticular evil had attracted the attention of an able
Minister, who had recourse to the expedient
which we have seen recently re-discovered and
introduced into practice into one section of the
sewerage of London ;—" The great sewer of
Montmartre being uncovered, and the fall ex-
ceedingly small, it was easily choked, and spread
infection through all the neighbourhood. Tur-
got thought that the best method to obtain a
sANe,arsvotoi
ffic• eoqnutea cn r raebnot
a ready flow for the muddy waters it received
r,"c'ttaSphabltleb3o ut 22Amvoast remea-
sures 'of water, was, in consequence, established
at the opening of the sewer, opposite the Rue
des Fdles-du-Calvaire. The waters of Belle-
ville were conducted there, together with those
of two wells dug in the vicinity. This volume of
water was, on certain days, let into the main
sewer by means of flood-gates, which could be
opened at pleasure. The scouring of the sewer
by a current of living water attracted
the public
attention, and produced the most bapcP rut Shortly the people could dwell on the Y
fies
onnesl of
this ancient ditch without fear of dangerous l -
halations. The quarters of the Faubourg Moelt. martre, of the Chaussee-d'Antin, of the Vide:
l'Eveque, and of the Faubourg St. Honore, h came populated. At length the land was so
valu-
able in these different quarters that the pos-
sessors of the banks of the sewer demanded and
obtained the permission to cover it over at their'
own expense."—Pages 91, 92.

parrots, and sneaking hypocrites, that us(
good words to cajole their superiors, may be
fbrmed thereby ; but not intelligently pion:
and moral members of the community. Perhaps.
too, some of the roughest young rascals in till
school may be manufactured into the sort of
churchman which the devoutToryism of our day
seems to desiderate. If religion is really to be
promoted, the Sunday of the pauper, and espe-
cially of the pauper child, should be made so
welcome a day to his feelings that he will look
forward to it through the week with heartfelt
and glad expectancy. His religious lessons
should be lightened and varied, that they may
lay hold upon his mind and excite his interest.
The little that will sink into his soul, should be
preferred to the much that will only dull his
sense. Religion cannot be instilled by the Rule
of Three. Four repetitions of the Liturgy will
not make a boy four times as devout as if he
only heard it once. The Lord's Prayer is short ;
but not for the purpose of being multiplied
every Sunday by twelve or twenty repe-
titions. The spiritual dietary of aworkhouse need
not be precisely the reverse of its physical dietary.
Cramming is as bad for the mental as for the
bodily digestion. And word-cramming, in reli-
gion or in anything else, is the most unwhole-
some treatment to which youthful intellect can
be subjected. While the object, then, is steadily
kept in sight, of cultivating the moral sense and
ciie•ishin 'religious feeling in those whom their
parents' misfortunes throw upon the parish for
what early training they are likely to receive, it
will be well if the means be more wisely chosen.
Let them not be such as to defeat their own
purpose. In the instance that has occasioned
these remarks they manifestly are so. The au-
thority most reverenced might be cited, were it
needful, against " vain repetitions." And, surely
no repetitions can be vainer than those which
disgust the poor boy with his Sunday, his Bible,
his Prayer-book, and his Church; and thus tend
to render him permanently irreligious by the
unwise employment of religious forms.
GLOBE—Two sovereigns have been sent us
for " the service" of Alice Lowe, the girl against
whom Lord Frankfort has brought his extraor-
dinary charge of felony. The writer says, "he
knows how difficult it is for the weak and de-
fenceless to struggle against the powerful," and
that he has no doubt "many will be found
anxious to come forward with a trifle to aid a
weak unfriended girl against so vicious a titled
profligate." We entirely sympathise with the
feeling by which this communication has been
prompted; and we have not the slightest doubt
that it will make itself known more widely.
We cannot, however, undertake to receive and
apply subscriptions for the service of any per-
son ; though we shall take care to transmit the
sum received to the Governor of Newgate for the
prisoner. As for the " struggle against the
powerful," which this case is supposed to exhibit,
we are happy to think that the imbecile and con-
temptible profligate, who has brought it forward,
is one of the most powerless of beings in a country
governed by laws, and the law of opinion. If he
had any property worth looking after, we doubt
whether he would now be at large; but nobody
seems to think him worth looking after, except
that small number of persons to be found in every
large capital, by titled, or untitled proffigates,who
will purchase their services. The peculiarity of
Lord Frankfort's case is the impotent folly of his
whole personal self-exposure—imbecility so ex-
treme (as in his former scuffle with an Italian
organ-boy) as to render probable the construction
put by the opposite counsel upon his whole con-
duct. Ina previous examination, Mr. Adolphns
said " his object had been to show that the state
of his Lordship's mind was such as to render it
highly probable that he might have given the
whole of the property freely to the prisoner, and
have lost all recollection of having so done."
We can find no other (we do not say excuse,
fbr we seek to find none) but explanation of
Lord Frankfort's imbecile profligacy than that
alluded to above. It is difficult to conceive

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.
FROM THE DAILY PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
HERALD.—Sir Charles Bagot's conduct in
Canada has assuredly made a very deep impres-
sion on public opinion. It is occasionally excused,
but nowhere justified. Ordinary people cannot
comprehend the necessity to govern through the
agency of quondam rebels, and seditious and dis-
affected agitators. The Governor-General of
Canada, it is urged, had no alternative but to call
Mr. Lafontaine to his councils. The Provincial
Legislature, it is said, had not confidence in his
Cabinet, and therefore he sought the aid of those
in whom the Legislature would repose trust.
This reasoning is quite inadmissible, because it is
regardless of facts. The Parliament of Canada
had come to no such decision as is meant to be
thereby conveyed. All that the House did was
to debate most furiously over the address; but
it had not recorded any vote adverse to the Ad-
ministration. True, it was suspected that the Ad-
ministration, as constituted, had not strength
in the House to conduct the public busi-
ness of the session, because it had previously
been damnified by Sir Charles Begot
himself, and it was very probable that Sir
Charles Bagot's Ministry might have found itself
in a minority on the Address. But it was the
duty, as well as the interest of the Queen's
representative, to have stood aloof while the con-
test was going on. When the exigency requiring_
a change of advisers had actually arisen, Sir
Charles Bagot mighthave profitably interposed,
and called to his aid the moderate and reasonable
from all quarters. Instead of waiting with the
dignity and self-reliance demanded by his po-
sition and office, until the Provincial Legislature
had agreed on a hostile vote, the Governor pre-
cipitated the fate of part of his own Cabinet, and
entered into premature and voluntary negotiations
with the most bitter opponents of the advisers in
whom he professed to have confidence, and to
resign with regret,—with men whom a pre-
decessor had proclaimed as disaffected and dan-
gerous subjects. If the opinions of the majority
of the Canadian representatives were adverse to
the provincial Ministry as constituted, those
opinions should have been tested by a divi-
sion, and it would have been time enough to
have looked about for other advisers when
legislative confidence was thus publicly with-
drawn from those who still possessed the Gover-
nor's trust. Such would have been the consti-
tutional course of conduct—such was the line of
policy most befitting responsible Governments.
This objection to the mode in which Sir Charles
Bagot called Mr. Lafontaine and his friends to
his councils is not one of mere formality; the
haste with which Sir Charles acted is indicative
of a foregone conclusion, and of his having pur-
sued the course be has followed tinder peremp-
tory instructions from home. The change which
has taken place in the Canadian Administration
is, it must be recollected, only partial; but pre-
parations, it is clear, had been made some months
ago for this change by the admission of a Mr.
Hinckes, a rabid Radical politician of Upper
Canada, into the Cabinet. The adoption of that
person, who had previously been the conductor
of a violent Opposition journal at Toronto, by Sir
Charles Bagot, amounted to little short of a de-
claration of hostility by the Queen's representa-
tive against that portion of the loyal inhabitants
of the Upper Province who rescued it from the
rebellion and treason of Mr. Hinckes' clients ;
and so it was received by the gallant Sir Allen
M'Nab, Dr. Dunlop, and the other firm sup-
porters of the British dominion there.
POST.—The argument of Mr. Webster on the
subject of the impressment of
British seamen
from American merchantmen,
which forms part
of his recent correspondence with Lord Ash-
burton, might have been permitted to descend
into oblivion as a piece of abstract and specula-
tive reasoning, wholly inapplicable to existing
circumstances, had not some of our Contempo-
raries thought fit to give it a prominence and an
importance to which it seems scarcely entitled,
by founding on it dissertations on the right and
policy of impressment as a means of developing
the resources of our country in naval
warfare.
It must always, no doubt, be important to Great
Britain, when engaged in hostility with any of
her continental neighbours, to abstain, if
possi-
ble, from the adoption of any line of conduct,
however justifiable upon the principles of inter-
national law, of which the practical tendency
would be to enrol the United States of America
on the side of her European foes. But
it must
be recollected that the question 'of impressment
is not the only one which renders the
maintenance of' pacific relations between Great
Britain and the United States, on the occurrence
of a war of any considerable duration
between
the former and any other European Power, ex-
ceedingly difficult, precarious, and, we may add,
improbable. The doctrine that free vessels make
free goods—a doctrine subversive of the essential
commercial policy of Great Britain whenever she
is in the situation of a belligerent, no less than it
is repugnant to the established law of nations in
which all civilised Powers, unless when warped
by palpable self-interest have uniformly acqui-
esced—is one upon which the United States and
Great Britain are as much at issue as upon that
of impressment, and in connection with which
the right of visitation would be as strenuously
repelled by America. From this view of the
subject the opinion seems naturally to spring that
it would be useless and imprudent on the
part of Great Britain to concede any thing to
America in derogation of her own right to claim,
wherever they can be found, her own subjects—
toeration
subject them to the operation of her own
laws—and to exact from them such services as
they are peculiarly qualified to render, the
nper-
formance of which, when required by the State,
being
obligationthe
of allegiance. The question whether it would be
a p d Pe
and
advantageous
r tle g
practice of the British Government, or whether
justice and humanity• towards the neople of
included
alteration eera
n
England require such a change, to abolish the
system of impressment, is, it must be remarked,
an English domestic question exclusively, with
which neither Mr. Webster, nor the President,
nor the Congress of the United States, can be
allowed, or probably would Wish, to interfere.
Nothing can be better established in natural
reason, or in public law, than the right of a
State to claim and to compel the services, in
war or in peace, of the whole or any part of
its subjects, whenever the general safety and
welfare of the community render the exer-
cise of this right a matter of necessity
—of which necessity the rulers of the State,
ex necessitate rei, must be regarded as the infal-
liblejudges. The right ofimpressinent is the le-
gitimate consequence of this principle, It is not
confined to seamen otherwise than by the effect
of those peculiar circumstances in the condition
of England, which make the services of seamen
in special emergencies, and in numbers
, greater
than voluntary enlistment would Probably afford
at the necessary moment, a paramount and vital
interest of the State. It would be equally, that
is, perfectly, justifiable, upon Principle, to com-
pel the services, if they were of a nature that
could be compelled, and were not offered in suf-
ficient abundance to meet any national exigency,
of physicians, barristers, doctors of divinity, or
landed gentlemen of 5,000/, a year. Nor, when
the matter is properly considered, is there any
hardship towards the seaman who is impressed,
since he must have entered, and must have re-
mained in maritime life, with a perfect know-
ledge of the established policy and practice of
the State of which lie is a member, to avail it-
self in certain circumstances of the services of
its sea-faring subjects, by the exercise of com-
pulsion:
HONlCLlt.—Whatever may be the worth
of the investigation conducted by Messrs. Tre-
menhere and Allen, into the management of
the Pauper School of St. Pancras, there is one
point which we are disposed incidentally to no.
tice, though probably it presents nothing pecu-
liar to this school—we allude to the mode in
which the poor children pass their Sundays. It
consists of an unbroken and monotonous routine
of religious services, so dove-tailed and continue
ous as to be much more likely to include a
weariness and mental nausea in the child,
ren
that will last them all • ►,en• lives, than to open
their hens,-
to any of t
he truth and beauty of
religion. That the pauper boys should, if pos-
sible, as religious as their
be made religion
betters, or very much more
80, 18 a proposition
ur It •
is,
indeed, be-
in which we heartily ctiliP 5...
that proposition that we object
eausp we ennenrint •
system practised in St.
to the' prayer-grinding -,, g
ood can come of it.
Pancras workhouse. No .
A. truly religious • result is not in the nature
of .things. Sectafian
chatterers,
orthodox

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
TIMES.—To-day the alteration in the hour of at-
tendance on 'Change commenced, and though some of
the merchants, not aware of the circumstance, attended
at the customary hour of four, the principal walks
were filled at three o'clock, and, in about an hour
afterwards, the leading firms took their departure, the
money and exchange brokers having wholly concluded
their business.
The premium on gold at Paris is 9 per tale,
which, at the English Mint price of 31. 17s.
10411. per ounce for standard gold, gives an ex-
change of 25 37A-, and the exchange at Paris on Lon-
don at short being 25 624-, it follows that gold is
1 per cent. dearer in London than in Paris.
By advices from Hamburgh, the price of gold is
433 i per mark, which, at the English ?dint price of
31. 17s. Mid. per ounce for standard gold, gives an
exchange of 13 91 and the exchange at Hamburgh on
London at short being 13 101, it follows that gold is
0.46 per cent. dearer in London than in Hamburgh.
The course of exchange at New York on London
is 1081 per cent., and the par of exchange between
England and America being 109 23-40 per cent., it
follows that the exchange is 1.33 per cent. against
England ; but the quoted exchange at New York
being for bills at 60 days' sight, the interest must
be deducted from the above difference.
The portion of Mr. Webster's speech at Boston
relating to the fashionable doctrine of " repudiation "
is of great interest, as it is the complete echo of the
sentiments so often expressed in this country, and so
often blamed as too violent. The London capitalists
have frequently desired that some great public de-
monstration should be made in America of the an-
tipathy of the whole nation to the dishonesty of a
few States; for at present, while " repudiation "
assumes a bold aspect on the one side, and there
is no counter-manifestation on the other, it is
not to be wondered at that, in spite of the
distinction between the indsvidual States and the
Federal Government, the Europeans should be dis-
posed to look upon American credit as generally
unsound. Mr. Webster feels the necessity of some
national movement to clear away this stain, and very
justly desires that " all the people of the country
should address themselves soberly and sincerely to the
work of eradicating the disease." The absence of all
distinction between the States and the Government
among the European capitalists is acutely touched on
by Mr. Webster, whose remark is to the effect that
this is not a mere error. " The same people," says
Mr. Webster, " constitute the States individually and
the United States," and although the same person as
a citizen of his own State, and a citizen of the Federal
Government, appears in two distinct characters,
legally speaking, yet as he is really the same person,
the question as to his moral disposition becomes an
important one ; and the capitalists, who observe a
large portion of the Union totally regardless of public
credit, cannot help feeling that the same animus may,
sooner or later, be displayed throughout the entire
Union.
Mr. Webster is the more bound to take up the
cause of the creditors of the American States, as the
letter which he addressed to Messrs. Baring on the
16th of October, 1839, induced many persons to be-
come holders of State securities, who would other-
wise have avoided them sedulously.
POST.—The Government broker continues his
purchases. He has to-day invested 10,0001. more in
stock of the East India Annuity Fund. This is the
fourth purchase made, and the sum understood to
have formed the amount to be invested, 40,0001.,
being absorbed, there is little probability of these
transactions proceeding any further.
The business done in the foreign exchanges was to
a moderate extent. The merchants and brokers at-
tended at an earlier hour than usual, many of the
number having been brought to 'Change before the
ordinary time under the impression that the altera-
tion recommended had its commencement to-day.
The bills offering on the leading continental cities, of
which there was a pretty good supply, were done
at rates comparatively higher.
At the sales in Mincing-lane to-day the opportunity
was taken by Mr. James Cook, of the house of
Trueman and Cook, the produce brokers, to advert
to the new arrangement proposed with respect to the
attendance on 'Change. Mr. Cook, in pursuance of
the plan laid down for the observance of the
trading interest, suggested the propriety of fixing
on an earlier hour for bringing forward the mer-
chandise to be disposed. of. The interests of Mr.
Cook, as a broker engaged in the sale of goods by
auction, clash, of course, with those of the brokers
engaged in the sale of the produce of the British
colonies. He was therefore opposed 'by the latter
body, on behalf of whom Mr. Simpson, of the firm of
Webster, Simpson, and Scott, who, as brokers, do
business largely in West India Sugars, demurred in a
marked manner to any further encroachment upon
the hours dedicated to the market for such property.
Mr. Simpson had no objection to the introduction of
the sales of foreign sugar, and other commodities
bought for exportation, but nevertheless insisted upon
the retention of the privileges properly belonging to
the colonial interest. The correctness of the views of
Mr. Simpson in this matter is not to be denied, and in
giving expression to them in the prompt manner he
did to-day he is entitled to the commendation of his
principals. It is said that the Committee appointed
to carry into effect the resolutions passed yesterday
have the intention of devoting specific days to the sale
of particular goods, with the view of obviating all dif-
ficulty or inconvenience ; and that, in furtherance of
this object, they have put themselves in communica-
tion with the Board of Excise, who have assured them
of their readiness to examine into the power vested in
them, preliminary to any positive abandonment of the
present regulations.

The Original Painting may be seen for a short time at the
Publishers prior to being sent for Exhibition at Newcastle-
tipon-Tyne.
The following Letter of Mr. Orde's Trainer, will, no doubt,
satisfy the Subscribers

" Tupgill, Oct. 15, 1842.
" Mr. Herring has been here tl take a Picture of Beeswing,
which I con■ider to be a true and faithful likeness of the mare.

(Signed)

" ROBERT JOHNSON, Trainer.'

The SPORTING ALAIANACK, and Oracle of Rural
Life for 1843, with Twelve Beautiful Plates, will be published
early in November.

BAILEY'S RACING REGISTER, from 1709 to 1842,
will positively be published in May 1843, in two thick vo-
lumes, Bvo.

The WINNERS of the GREAT DONCASTER ST.
LEGER, from 1836 to 1843, beautifully painted by J. F. Her-
ring, Sen., and sold in handsome Gilt Frames, at 6/. 6s. each.
A. H. Bally and Co., Sporting Library, 83, Cornhi9, London.

in any man, who retains the command of reason,
such senselessness in abandonment, and such
apathy in his self-exposure. It appears to us
impossible that any Jury can convict the girl
Lowe ; and we regret that any Magistrate should
have thought it his duty to send her to trial. The
security of property would be in no degree hurt-
fully affected by the judicial recognition that
there was no security for it when thus handled;
and if this recklessness proceeded from something
more than the usual insanity of vice, then the
blame of its consequences rest, with those whom
private or public duty may have entitled to guard
against them. In any case, Lord Frankfort
comes with anything but clean hands into
court ; he has given too much evidence against
himself to convict another by his evidence; and
the best we can hope for his own sake (we say
nothing of the order to which he belongs ; we
will not commit the unfairness of treating his
conduct as characteristic of a class)—is that far-

ther proceedings will prove that his evidence
ought not, at present, to be taken against any-
body. What a feast for foreign and American
journalists will be the doings of thiS thing, bear-
ing the name of a Lord !
STANDARD.—The Examiner of last Sunday
has a long article upon the new Corn-law and
the Tariff, fuller of contradictions and inconse-
quences than any article of equal length we
remember to have seen. It might be thought
such an article could be safely left to do justice
upon itself; but this would be an error. Many
people—nay, most people—in this reading age,
not contented with generally reading only such
writing as they expect to coincide with their
own opinions, take care to remember of what
they read only just as much as pleases them.
With such readers the grossest contradictions no-
thing mar the effect of any argument—they find
something in it to please; and for the rest, they
skip it, as boys say they skip the hard words in
their lessons. N9.IY it is necessary to bring such
readers to book, to forte them to see the contra-
dictions of their favourite instructor, whether
they will or no, and to lea.C, them without ex-
cuse when they willingly yield to a deception.
Let us, with this view, show the ineo,:sisteucy of
the Examiner's reasoning—inconsistene; tha!
would be absolutely incredible in an acute a._ a
able writer, were it not that he is well aware
how easy it is to impose upon men who love the
cheat. Speaking of the Tariff and Corn-law, this

JOINT-STOCK BANKING,
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

SlR—Having perused with considerable interest
the proceedings of the annual meeting of Proprietors
of the Bank of Manchester, held on Friday last, I beg
to trouble you with a few observations.
Nothing could be less surprssing than that such an
announcement of disaster and loss of property should
elicit the strongest expressions of disapprobation to-
wards those individuals in whom the administration
of the affairs of so important an institution reposed ;
but, allow me to suggest, whether on taking a more
searching view of the subject, the cause of this, and
other similar catastrophes, may not be found more
deeply seated ; to be, in fact, rather the error of sys-
tem than the effect of unsoundness, a want of inte-
-14 .
--ity in individuals, many of whom have been well-
• •
inteh:loned persons, unlortunatelv for themselves,
placed oh :cm at the head of such
' 3 affairs in adverse
times. _ _

writer says:—
" The farmers who, reckoning from a bad autumn
and an indifferent spring, calculated art getting 70s.
a quarter for their wheat, may now be thankful if
they get 505., and thus on the whole consumption of
wheat alone, to say nothing of other kinds of grain,
they will be minus their estimate at least fifteen
millions ! The corn merchant, it is said, will lose at

~............
This Bank, it. 1 am rightly informed, IV:AS one of
the first northern barks of magnitude, whicil com-
menced operations abort the period when the mahli-
facturing prosperity of its cilstrict was at its zenith,
and consequently adopted a system which had in
former and more prosperous times led other private
banking establishments to fame and fortune. But as
the current of prosperity turned, every- reflecting
mind must perceive it would inevitably be fraught
with that ruin which has, in fact, marked the career
of this and similar Joint-stock Banks of a more re-
cent date. These establishments have commenced by
issuing a certain number of shares, on which an
amount of capital has been subscribed, sufficient in it-
self, under a judicious system, to command ample
means and credit for all its legitimate banking pur-
poses—the fullest security to its Depositors and re-
muneration to its Proprietors. But mark its progress
—lt is apparent that the infatuation of some of these
last hag led them to take upon themselves heavy re-
sponsibility, for the sake of making such a moderate
rate of interest as might, after all, be only reasonably
=looked for from an equal investment in their own trade
or calling; but it is now evident that this single ob-
ject has not been the only inducement to embark in
such undertakings.
To return to the system. It has in each case com-
menced in error by the lure of advancing to Proprie-
tors half the value of their shares, thus neutralizing
otte moiety of the amount of the subscribed capital,
before they are supposed to enter upon their legi-
timate operations. In addition to this, it has beenithentheoßnanthke.
customary to grant on each current accountct an
t n
e advancegro s
sequal
annual to
return
open
nperw
aoinveorudnratveriof
nur
Assuming, therefore, a holder of 200 shares of 101.
each, to open an account and make a return with the
Bank of 50,0001. per annum, he at
"Bee becomes
in-
stead of a shareholder supplying the
capi-
tal to the extent of 2,0001., a Bank with
recipient from it to the
amount of 6,0001., in most cases without either re-
presentation or security, subject
ment, if good times,
successfulindeed to repay-
trading, and probity,
permit.
Can it then, Sir, be a matter
of surprise, that dur-
ing a period of almost unparalleled depreciation and
commercial difficulty, such as the past seven years
have exhibited, such •
disastrous results should have
sprung out of so
fallacious a system, and that without
imputing ,either :want of capacity or a illtearit7 to
l a ,

least Bs. on every quarter of foreign wheat which he
imports, and as this, along with flour, but independent
of other corn, will be near three millions of quarters,
the result is, that the means of furntsliitvg cheap
bread to the nation are, exclusive of the loss ot all
other kinds of grain, literally swamped to the value,
of 1,200,0001. If Sir Robert had enacted a law

which commanded the destruction of a certain

amount of the shipping, coasting craft, barges,
wagons, and horses, employed in carrying corn, he
could not more effectually have secured a supply of
dear and uncertain bread than by this proceeding."
Dear bread, with wheat at 50s. the quarter !
But let us take a few lines further on :

nufe:icYnheerqd:as:lt.
_
hrao prosperityyt
a, t whichoes
ano
ftah this
aod yearie ovi
thfa s,tiv
lotbuhelm
ide been ah havesfic
quality, is
ynteitt,
" There is no sale for agricultural produce. The
not fetch 3/. a ton, while in a similar season, in the
r
a large one, are selling at 49, fitY melt, instead of is.,
Bs., and 9s. Between the price of ftittter and oxen
this, and even last year, there is a fall equal to ernx-
fifth part of the value. Fresh butter, which in thriv-
ing times sold at 14d. a pound, will hardly bringpd.
Cheese, worth last year 80s. a cwt., sells for 60s.
Here, then, is the effect of a means to secure
a dear and uncertain supply of bread—wheat at
60s. a quarter, and all agricultural produce ex-
ceeding the demand to an extent to be abso-
lutely unsaleable. Will any one reconcile these
propositions?

The Italian Opera season has opened at Paris but
languidly. Donnizetti, however, has arrived, or is
hourly expected there, to bring out his " Linda de
Chamouny," and Madame Viardot Garcia is engaged.
Lablache has been dangerously ill ; sickness, too '
overtaken his great German compeer, Staud:-,
the Vienna papers express most dish--
whether that admirable art;-'
turn to the stage.
for the r• •

The Leipzig Gazette says :—" It has been observed
that there were no French officers at Saarbruek and
ding popferisrussia to pay
Saartorois when the King of Prussia visited those
two cities, but what is more extraordinary, there was
not any superior civil officer to compliment the King.
The French Government had shown this mark of re-
spect to the King of Holland, when he was at Lux-
emburgh. There seems, therefore, to be some founda-
tirrionitafteaor tahte
therepo rert,fasthaaltoLf otuhies
I visit to the Tuilleries."

and
—.rtening doubts
will ever be able to re,

.tinother of the novelties promised
—"Laing: Parisian Opera season, which we may
nardly look for on this side of the channel, is the
"461
" isiabucadonosor" of Verdi.—Athenmum,

..

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AN . 434/ ' 44'' '.. :
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.

THE BANK OF MAN-CHEST,
, The reports prevalent for several years past
of the instability of this Bank, and which, not-
withstanding
twelve
months,
oa th s the, :
had
d attemptss o far preparedm ade at
the
ee
public last
d
i to
expect
meeting t
tohseh
event,
I t, that
thtaht eiyt
its
actual
tr
ue
aunfounded,
position
h haveas
created gra-
dually gained more and more credence during the last
' but a, slight sensation.
It was reported that 700,000/. (nearly the
amount of the paid-up capital) had been sunk
in different failures since the commencement of the
Bank, independently of the losses sustained through
the culpability of the absconded manager ; and giving
a colour to these representations, a letter signed " A
Fellow-Sufferer and a Shareholder" (and calling for
a thorough investigation of the affairs) was handed
about in not very private circles, from which we ex-
tract the following passages :
" DEAR FELLOW-SUFFERERS,—If it be not too
late, I beg to call your attention to our present posi-
tion as Shareholders of this mismanaged Company.
For some time past we have received no dividend,
and the shares upon which 101. has been paid have
become unsaleable at 31. There is also much reason
to fear, from very recent tremendous losses, that they
have now become entirely valueless. It is quite im-
possible to conceive how the Directors, who ought to
be active, industrious, and experienced men of busi-
ness, could sanction such a monstrous advance as
170,000/. to such a firm as that of Joseph Raleigh
and Co., who have just become bankrupts, with little
or no assets—consequently nearly the whole of which
is a loss ; and it must be evident to all reflecting men
that such a reckless system cannot last ; and it behoves
us to take decisive measures at the approaching annual
meeting, to rescue ourselves from the present ma-
nagement, as it is impossible any longer to place con-
fidence in persons who have consented to our capital
being squandered in such an unwarrantable manner.
A moment's reflection on the following list, which
forms only a small portion of the losses publicly
known to have been sustained, must compel the
Shareholders to interfere :
Raleigh and Co .. £170,000
Heron and Sons. 30,000
120,000
PHhililtiopnGaanrde.sco
80,000 •
J. J. and S. Potter 40,000
Douglas and Co 20,000
Bancks and Co 20,000
W. G. Seed 19,000
James Bakevvell... ••• 18,000
S. Stocks 13,000
W. Beeson • • • • •
Smith, Edgley, and Co 12,000
Gerrard and Son
James Leigh ... 5,000
E. Norris.
T. Hoyland 3,000
Thirteen others, estimated at lOO,OOO
_

A sum very little short of 700,000/. ; and to this
must be added many other bad debts, which are known
only to the managers, and perhaps a few of the Di-
rectors."
The Bank of Manchester was the first Joint-Stock
Bank formed in this district. The prospectuses were
issued some time in the autumn of 1828. The capital
of the Company was to be 2,000,0001. in 20,000
Shares of 1001. each. The first general meeting of
the Proprietors was held on the Ist of December,
1838, for the purpose of appointing Directors, and
the following gentlemen were chosen, viz. :—Messrs.
John Barlow, Edward Baxter, John Brown, James
Burt, Emanuel Cantrell, J. C. Dyer, James Holt
Heron, Alexander Henry, James Oughton, Samuel
Smith, and John Smith. Previous to the Bank com-
mencing business, an instalment of 101. per Share
was raid, and at different periods subsequently three
calls of 51. each were made by the Directors, making
the amount paid upon each Share 251., and the whole
paid• up capital 500,000/. This was the capital of the
Bank in 183 G.

In the month of May, 1836, an alteration was
made in the number and value of the Shares, and an
addition made to the capital. The .20,000 Shares of
257. each were altered into 50,0001. of 101. each; an
additional 30,000 Shares were created, upon which
101. per share was to be paid ; and these were to be
disposed of by the Directors at such premium as they
should think best for the interest of the Company,
and the premium placed to the credit of the " Re-
served Surplus Fund." Of these latter shares about
24,000 were sold at a premium of 51. per share, mak-
ing an addition of 240,0007., and to the " Reserved
Surplus Fund" of 120,0001.
At the general meeting in October last year, it was
stated in the Report, that the bad debts had all been
written oft, and that the "Reserved Surplus Fund "
was thereby reduced to 19,000/., leaving the capital
of 741,0001. unimpaired. The correctness of this Re-
port was vouched for by the Chairman of the meeting
and several other Directors. In the authorised re-
port of the meeting the Chairman is made to say—
" The figures that have been read to you are carefully
and honestly deduced from the accounts of the bank.
—(Hear, hear, and applause.) I know it, Gentlemen ;
and I am quite certain that you would not of your
own accord dispute it; but that carefully looking at
the twelve gentlemen who compose the Board of
Directors, you must certainly be convinced that they
would not pledge their characters to a false statement
before you.—(Hear, hear.)"
At the meeting held yesterday, the Chairman, though
a Director, was not culpable of dishonesty in making
this statement, though it was entirely fallacious, but
that false figures and garbled statements had been
placed before him by the management. The bank has
hopelessly sunk its whole capital, and though the
weight of the ruin has been averted in some degree as
regards the public, yet there are heart-rending cases
of individual hardship among the deluded shareholders
as well as among the great body of the not-less de-
luded Directors.

Mr. Burdekin's flight was sudden and unexpected.
Those who are acquainted with his recent position at
the bank knew well that he was involved in great
pecuniary difficulties, and that his retirement from
it, even if it could weather the storm, was certain. On
Monday he passed the whole of the day at the bank, and
in the evening did not return to his house at Burnage,
but slept at the Club llouse, whence, by the early
train on the following (Tuesday) morning, he pro-
ceeded to Liverpool, and at once secured berths for
himself and a lady on board the Britannia, North
American packet, which sailed from Liverpool the
same day. There have been various rumours afloat
respecting his private conduct; but with that, as public
journalists, we do not consider we have anything to
do ; and equally numerous statements have been made
as to the sum of money he has carried away with
him. On this latter point we believe that no accurate
knowledge exists, and probably the amount of moneys
he has abstracted will never be correctly ascertained.
Some surprise has been expressed that, in the official
notice of his departure, no reward was offered for his
apprehension. The peculiar position held in theßrae.
ind ren-
der such
Bank
by Mr. Burdekin, as Managing would Director, n
Bank, would have contributed little,any, advantage
to the shareholders.—Manchester Times.
sgclhan adc, course
underurse difficult thee ;
tandxra o
i probably l y his
failure
o f detention
the
if

contract at 40,0001.
-----------
MR. GEORGE. TROUPSON.—n7-7-7- e understand that
lsipchaiutecdtiobniddin
g,
isle
wL
George Thompson, Esq., the eloquent lecturer, is to
accompany Bev() Dwarkanauth Tagore to India, and
that he will take his departure in a few weeks.—Tyne
Mercury.
GREAT WBSTERN STEAMER.-IVe copy the fol-
lowing paragraphs from the Shz:pping Gazett4 of Tues..
day :
was
BRISTOL, Om 17.—The Great Western steam-
shipthis 'day,
a
—A report has prevailed in the city this morning that
the Great W leave estern steam-ship would not for
• I\ e,
New York on the 22d instant as advertised
have reason to believe there is no foundation toa .'sc o'clock,
;ought ooiTcilenc, r
to
od and,
bf
be sold
afterolsdsale
l by
oyn l:
some very
private apb
for such
report. We learn from our Bristol correspondent,
this morning, that steam tenders to convey
on board the Great Western will leave Passangers
Basin precisely at nine o'clock A Cumberland
and the ship will start the .m., of the 22d inst.,
instant the
arrives •n board, which will be north mail
boat, on account of the tide. conveyed by a row.

SERIOUS ACCIDENT.-0 n Tuesday night, about a
quarter past eight, a horse, which was drawing a cab,
containing its driver ana a gentleman, made off at a
furious rate down Waterloo-place. On reaching th•
bottom, the cab was fortunately stopped by coming in
o
contact with the lamp-post at the top of the steps,
andtier
of on
steps,tlt
e ri
,hhterehaintd
laysidea
of the York column,
but the horse made a tremendous leap, carrying
part of the cab with it, to the bottom of the second
' cabman, who was violently precipitated
received serious injuries on the forehead, which bled
profusely, and was immediately assisted to Charing.
arently
t lo ifetlhee ss.
gr Theund
cross Hospital. The gentleman received no other in-
jury than a violent shock. The horse recovered itself
so much as to return up over the steps, but it is sup-
posed to be of little value.
Monday evening an attempt was made in Bakewell
churchyard by two men to disinter a corpse lately
buried. They had succeeded so far in their revolting
design,but were discovered just as they got to the
coffin. The guilty parties are Joshua Birley, the
assistant sexton, and a man named Robertson. Mr.
Owen, a respectable cordwainer, has his residence
near to the graveyard, and was the first to give the
alarm, his family being disturbed by the noise made
by the resurrectionists. They both fled, but have
since been taken into custody. On Wednesday morn-
ing Birley was interrogated by the Vicar, when he
confessed it was their intention to steal the body, as
they had already disposed of it to two respectable
t tradesmen in Bakewell, who intended to forward it
tR
gdiliburgli.-.-Derby Chronicle.