The Sun.
London, England, 1820-02-29 00:00:00

11) 44. IR IA. MEN 1.

HOUSE OF LORDS, FEB 28.

-----
About 3 o'clock the LOUD CHANCELLOR., the
Archbishop of CANTERBURY, the Earl of HAR-
MONBY, the Earl of Lrvgaroot, and the Bari of
WarrsioatAND, took their seats in front of tl:c
throne as Commissioners.
-fire Commons, in consequence of the usual
summons, having come to the bar, the Royal. as-
sent was riven to the annual Indemnity Bill, the
Mutiny Bill, the Expiring Laws' Bill. the Irish
Election Bill, and five local and private Bills.
A second Commission was then read, authoriz-
ing the Lords therein named to Prorogue the Par.
li.ment, and the LORD CHANCELLOR read the fol-
lowing Speech :
" lily Lords a'ud Gentlemen, •
" We are commanded by his MAJESTY to in.

- _
form you, that it is a great disappointment to his
MAJFSTY, that on this first and solemn occasion
be is p evented by indisposition from meeting you

111 etSOll.

" It would have been to consolation to his M
3 STV give utterance' in this "lace to chose
'ftelioes with which his MAJRSTY, and the nation

alike deplore: the loss of a Sovereign, ►he common
Father of all his people.
'C The KING comm.intls na ►o inform yon that

in determining :o•call ‘sithout delay the new Par-
liament, his ivIsJEsTY has I►een infinenced by the
consideriv ion of what is most expedient for public
business, as well as most conducive to general

Convenignce

Genttown If the House of Commons,
gWe are directed by MAJESTY to thank
you_ for the plovision %/Odell you have made for
the several branches of the piiblic service, from
the commencement of the present year., R')( dur-
ing he ioterviil which must elapse before a pew
Pailiamvnt con he 'Assembled.

. " 3f9. Lords and Gentle-men,
'' %%re are commanded to inform you, that in
taking leave of the present Parliament, his -MA-
ESTN cannot refrain from conveying to .yun his
warmr. st assurances of t sense %N biS MA-
JESTY entertains of the important services which
you have rendered the country•
" Deeply ors his MAJESTY lamented that de-
sitztis awl practices loch as those witch you have
heed recently called upon to repress, should have
existed in this free and happy country, he cannot
sufficiently commend the prudence and firmness
'with whith you directed your attention to the
measures of counteracting them.
" if any doubt had remained as to the nature
of those principles by which the peace and happi-
ness of the nation were so seriously menaced, or
of the excesses to. avhich they were.likely to lead,
the flagraut and sAnguijary conspiracy which has
Well/ been detected, must open the eyes of the
most incredulous, and most vineicate to the whole
world the justice and expediency of those.mea-
sures to which you judged it necessary to resort
in defence of lite Laws and Constitution of the

Kmgdont."
' Then a Commission for prompting the Par H-
a was read ; after which the LiniD CHAN-

CELL%itt

" My Lords and Gentlemen,
" By virtue of his Majesty's Commission under the Grea
Seal, to us and other Lords directed, and now read, we do, in
his Majesty's name, and in obedience to his commands, pro-
rogue .this ParliaMent to Monday, the 13th day of March
next, to be then here holden; and 'this
,Parliament is ac
coi•dingly prorogued to Monday, the 13th day of March next."

•- • _
HOUSE OF. COMMONS..
The SpEAKett was summoned to the Peers, to
bear the Commissi.n read for giringthe Royal
Assent to certain Bills, and for proroguing the
Ntliament to the 13th of March. He rettuned
at half-past 3, and, collecting the Members round
the table, he read to them the speech delivered by
the Lords Commissioners to both Houses. .The
'Members then separated.

Tat ELECTIONS.

That State alone is free, wherein the Aiiito.

cracy governs.
do not intend this term in the common (ft-
finition, which limits it to one of its particular
classes. 1 argue upon it as predicated of its
general and original interpretation.
The Aristocracy, then, or Government bti the
best, must he of family, of wealth, or of talent.
Let no man plume himself upon the, correction,
by telling me of the Aristocracy of virtue ; which,
unless as beloneing•to one of the former three, is
not very likely to exist fOr any public profit,- it
indeed it exists at all. ,
Where there is not a positive despotism, every
quality must lied its level. The claims of supe-
tioeity mill not rest 'in an inferior station.. Be
that supetiority of what hind it may, the very na-
ture of man and of things allots its due place. It
riatot and settles therein, even without effort ;
what it does not assuine, is conceded ; what
is
not conceded, it assumes. It can neither fall
short, nor pass beyond.
I speak only of pee States. In such, this pri-
vilege, or rather this necessity, is the best e"b-
setprence of their freedom.• IH the tyranny of •
one person or- of many, in, sinzalar or in plural
despotisM, it cannot exist. By a usurper or a
mob it is suppressed altogether.
In Great Britain, it has an existence, more extensed -
aml More eminent than to any other State.
The • Aristocracy of family, the Aristocracy of
.wealtli, and the Aristocracy of talent, all attain
and retain in our Country their just place. Each
has its equal and concurrent power.
The might of our- House of Commons will not
,be argued hack upon me, when I say that this
co-equal Aristocracy is provided and placed
therein by the Constitution. To revert to' that
origin, would be to contend as Coensarr conteed-
edin his Loyardays—that the Parliament belongs
eutitely to the King. I ant better satisfied with
our present arrangement, .pan with that ancient
practice, which filled the House of Commons
with the Soveraien's nominations. Let us not be
Rediceled and Reformed back into despotism.
The quality of the Members in that House is
well apportiouett. The Knights, who represent
the Counties of the Empire, are elected by the
Freeholders of its Land : and are generally chosen'
from among the most exteosive possessors of Ore
soil. This, by the Laws of Dr scent and-Inheri-
tance, has become the principal test of ancient
birth ; and, as such persons are presumed to be
most oeeply inteiested in the common-welfare of
the,State, and in the particular welfare of their
own County—most strongly bound also by early
connexions, original education, and ancestral ex-
amplee—they are most frequently entrusted by
their fellow-freeholders with the great charge of
Legislation.
The Citizens, who represent nor Cities, are'
elected by their Corporators.----These are men,
who have acquired the Electoral Franchise by the
profits of their commercial industry; and w leo
naturally prefer as :heir Representatives the more t
eminent of their Own class, who have successtelly
trod the sense coot se of diligence, enterprise;
and integrity. Here also operates the concurrent
motive of chusiog Members having the deepest
stake in the commercial interests, nett only of their
own immediate City, but of the general Empire ;
and with this added reason, that the wealth which
we have ourselves acquired implies, if not more'
hot'our, certainly more experience, then that which
has descended upon us from omaancesfors. is
possible, though barely possible, that a man of
moderate rank may have .large interest in the
welfare of the Land;--but a, mats of modarate
fortune cannot have a large interest, in the wel-
fare of commerce. Such a tnan cannot possess
extended connexions, extended views, ter extend-
ed experience. •
thet
Aid the relative • opulence of City and of
its merchants- must he coosidered.• If its rank,
and its wealth, tied its intelligence be great, so
likewise should. he the elevation of its chroice.
None but. a commercial man can adetinately repre•
sent a commet cial !thee. commerce, too,
should be of the most liberal and dignified
.sort :
dignified, I repeat, and of that dignity wherein
oar Empire ,abOttuds. The least of our cities can-
not be respectably or serviceably represented by a
retail dealer ; not merely because het Rapreseeta-
live is supposed Co be her most eminent and most
experienced Citizen, taut • because his habits and
prospects take from him that independence which
becomes a Legislator, and is essential to his cha-

racter.
A merchant commands business, —a shopkeeper
begs it. This.man, who has been all day measur-
ing cambric, is as unfit ,to be a Senator, as t'other
man, who has employed the same time in pound-
ing blue gentian. No matter whether he snips it
off in person or by deputy ; his business is, to
how at the counter to his customers, to advertise
for their favour by every possible contrivance...—
Sorely, surely, a Speech in the House would be
his most effectual adverrisetuent—but the most
degrading, and the most dangerous.
My meaning is this.—Not that he would cab rry
into the Legislature the servility of his shop, at
that he would carry into his shop the influence of
the Le.gi,latore. In a word, that he woulduse
his Senatorial functions tor his ell.wide pr .
I correct mrelf :—This would be the worlt of
servilities. Our Parliament., would become like
the Revolutionary Convention of France ; where-
in the Members spoke to and for the mob of the
Galleries. The English shopkeeper would ha-
rangue for the increase.,of his 'Ledger, and make
his patriotism the spew-board of his veritable
Cashmeres :—A reproach tar beyond that of the
French Patriots ;—they spoke and spouted for
applause, or for power ; while he would strain his
throat for the stretching of his custom.
But the MeittHANT is above this petty pedlar-
log. Ills mind has placed him above it. lie bat
no retail habits. He has not bowed at a counter,
nor smiiked at every purchaser of a penny tape—
string. His education has been something more
than yard-wide.
For our Cities then, and especially for, oar Me-
tropolis, their Merchants are their fittest Repre-
sentatives. They are emphatically our Citizens.
London n'ould be as improperly and Ladtquately

represented bf an extensive T.,,Lillt,4tler as b'y a'
Muslin-measurer or a Quassia-pounder. - Her'
chosen, Members interests should be identifivd
with hers ; in no wise variant, having one com-
mon origin, and one common ot)kct •
The men at whom, upon this principle,
1 have
pointed, describe themselves. I shall neither call
them from behind "their empire's:nor advertise
their commodnies.‘ Whena ItadiCal can submit
to increase the revenue, their speeches have in-
-structed him where to rig out hi witeand to me-
.dieate his. beer. If HUNT and CnntseTT
complete the quartetto, we should know also by
the debates in Parliament, where to plovide our

coffee and to order our newspaper.
Turn we then from this degrading prospect.
Without any reference to the PARTY.of those in-
dependent and enlightened CITIZRNs. 1 say that
our Metropolis will be most effectively and most.
honourably represented by the LORD M Aston and
by Sir WILLIAM ctIRTI9. I look to their. inte-
grity, their opulence, and their intellect :—to
none other quality or inducement. 1 prefer them,
because they are -the exact reverse of those persons
whom 1 have not 'named.
Without reference, again I say, to their Irty.
For in the same honourable rank I place. Mr.
WiLsoN, anti would cheetiolly give toy fourth
vote to any Merchant of the same political prin-
ciples and -of equal eminence. Mr. Ttroars will
understand, that I allude to HIM neither positively
,nor negatively. I leave him, where every body
leaves him, in his middle predi-ausent, equally
safe from praise or censure. How he slides out,
.will be as little talked of as bow he slided in.
The third
,class of Representatives7—the Bur-
gesses--I ought to have delineated in their order.
These are elected, according to divers chatters,
and tenures„aud customs, for Barough,; riot per-
haps very considerable in either wealth or pUpu-
lation. Whether ovigiaally intended-50.., matters
very little ; hut they :tre' svA odapted i 3 sk.r if
byes our Legislature the Aricocracy of raL:ot.
There is not any necessity that the Represeuta-
live of a Borough should possess either extended
lands or mercantile wealth. ‘Vahout eithet of
these claims, he may thus find, and ought to fitol,
his road into the Legislature, aided by his talent
alone: always understanding that it is coupled
with his integrity.
Sometimes, perhaps, this avenue is travelled by
adventurers of the Bar, whose professional sharp-
Della is mistaken for a better qualification. Such,
men do wrong to an hotiourable profession, in
making any other than its 'Own legitimate pm.-
suits subsidiary to its ambition.—Ambition !—I
recall the word—subsidiary,to its profit.
For it is as easy to advet tine one's tongue as
one's tape. Somewhat . less creditable:---{lure
the former scheme degrades a most honottrlhle
calling ; while the latter only helps, on a profitable
occupation. A Birri,ter ought tint to t-tvgt:t his
due sorrow for a national calamity. in the chance
which it affotds him of disturbing a County;
though a haberdasher may cbuckle.at arty oppor-
tunity of getting off bis black bombasiiies. The
" sincere congratnlatiou" of the one is detestable,
of the other, it is excusable.
We may hope, however, that integrity and ta-
, lent ale not sis incompatible, but that our Bo-
roughs may find Repret;entatives both capable and
Iritiest. Vie Lex et Consnetudo Parliamenti oblige
us to be cpufident as well as hopetul. We are
not, however, • required to_wish these men of ta-
lent, though never so hiltie4t, returned for our
Counties and Cities, unless they have a deep stake.,
in the soil or in the commerce of Britain. 'Cer-
tain I am, that a Lawyer Should produce some
more binding pledge than his briefs, before he
assumes to represent a County ; and a Shopkeeper,
some more responsible surety than his small-
wares, before be arrogates the representation of
a Ci.y—of the wealthiest, the greAtest, the noblest
1 Ci•y in the world.

TEN AX.

LONPON i(WIINALS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF TINS DAY.

[Morning Herald.]
We are inforined that a vessel ready to sail
from Portsmouth bas been detaind by attboritY
of Government. The particulars have not yet
But the circumstances were simit

reached us.

that it wAs Fopposed the deteistinn of the vessel

was connected wish the recent conspiracy.

[New Times.]

N,V e ninleistand that before the assembling of
the nit•enlirely new Royal Throne,
worthy•of the empire.-- will supersede the present.
State Chair in the Llonsc of Lords. Partictilar
directions have been givvn for i:simmediate con-
struction. The design is very elegant, and will
certainly throw fresh splendour round the upper
end of the present House.

[The Times
It appears, by the sobjoitted article from the.
City, tititt :be. Snani,b insurrection remtlins
it
~ndiminislied lover. The." Constitutional Army"

is said to have been receiving reinforcements trona
all quarters, by the jopetion of various divisions
of the Royal troops ; and the strength, of the in+
surgen•s, in the lila de Leon and about Gibraltar,
was estima,e4l, on the sth Febrtthry at foorteert,
thousand well-disciplined men. An expknation is.
at the &ante time offered of the inactivity which has
been ascribed, whether truly or otherwise, to the •
insurgent forces,whose leaders have, it is tosertety,
declared their intention to retrain tromattacking t r
comthitting any violence against their countrymen,
anti to confine their exertions .to self-defence,
lltis forbearance is undoubtedly calculated to pro-
!. cure them the good wishes of many Spaniards,
whom a more active and offensive system of ope-
-1 rations a4ainsl even an unpopnlar Government
mig,hteexasvrate ; and it wilt afford ftll opporto-
nity, to the tricrids of the " Constitutional Army,"
civil as well as military, to arrange and conthini
I their measures of co-Operation in support of the

common cause.
" Letters front Gibraltar, dated the sth of Fe
brnaiy, state, that .sitice i)e occupation of Alge-
sires by itit• Constitutionl Army, the port has
been deilared,onder blockade by the Spanish Go-
vernment, and several men of war were then
ernisini; near it. e Constitutionalists conti-
toted to receive strong reinforcements by the junc-
tion nf different divisions of the Royal Army, and.
their force in the Isle of Leon, and the neighbour-
hood nt Gibraltar, .was estimated at 14,000 well-
disciplined ITICSI. The Constitioionalists declare
'that it it not their intention to make any attack
sr commit violence against their countrymen ; but
they are determined to defend themselves ro tiLces-.
sary, and stand by each other to the last."
Since writing the above, we have received a
variety' of interesting intelligence from Spain,
appears that, althouels the forms of absolute re-
hel;inn against the Government may be confined
4be districts in the neighbourhood of Cadiz,
the spirit in Which the insimec;ion of the troops
originated has dis:dayed itself in .the very streets
of Maria. The first. time King Ferdinand w`"
seen in public, since the commencement of the
disturbances, lie was received
,by the populace
with hisses and groans. Each succeeding account
adds something to the force of the insurgent'
troops, and indicates the increasing cOnfie
deuce and magnitude of 'their operations. The
bridge on the San Pedro :was said at first
to have been broken down by the insurgentsi
to prevent a surprise from the Royal ttoops
but it is now alleged to have been d?stroyea
by the latter, on taking possession of Port St.
Mary, to secure thtsir own. weakness against the
" Constitutional Army." It is further asserted,
that the insurgents have got upon the flank at(l
rear of the enemy, and that the flop-Ilk's We.
declined a battle. It is announced that the evilly
of Quiroga, instead of being obliged to surrend-rc
front a short supply. of provisions or ammunition,
have, provisions tor a ear, and ammunition Or
half a century." It is stated that the force ttt
the Isla de Leon, and in other pl,iees occnnied
the Insurgents, is bet,,eeti 15. and 16.000 met] ;
that they have 4 ships of war, and 14 gitn-boats'
and it is added, that another Insurrection h"5
broken out in Almeria, on the coast of Grenada,
and, we believe, at least 100 stiles from Cadiz.

A subscription has been opened,-in utdcr to re'
ward the Police Officers for their-zeal," activiiY,
and bravery, in breaking into the hay-loft, and
apprehending the Conspirators in Cato,street.""°
We trust that those of our countrymen who 0°
iiable to be seduced to evil councils will from (04
transaction' learn to estimate the difference be'
tween a had cause and a good one in inspiriogi
courage. The sr% retches who were assembled hat'
arms sufficient to sack a city, and yet they onti
fought for safety ; but the conduct of the office°
who dared to attack so many -mote than the.ol;
seven is •noti-ots that account, the less commen
able, for a conibmant is equally liable to &Inge"
whether the desperation of, his antagonist pro,
cards from the wish to conquer or to eseall
The subscription, the erfore, hist our sincere 114
commendation..:;,We hear also that Goverfuovief
mean to .settle an. annbily
,upon. the widow' 16
poor Smithers, the murdered Man ; and we 11°!:s
Oar, in.tbe distribution; the extreme age Of Ito
surviving father anti mother will be taken
to
consideration.—(lbitt)

• .
CAUTION TO SCH3OOI.S.-0o Saturclay Se'Orliget
AS the mils of the Rev. J. NV ARNFo. RD, of Alicl°•
ham, near 1 we.4brking, Surrey, tre amusing tlleglit;i
selves wi!h the various sports of the play-gr6"l,l;iro
an arrow, neither bolted nor .barbed, was rite •
fully aimed at a lad named NIosELY (only sn" 1)
gentleman of that name, re,iding at Leathetb-,J
and struck him below the knee; he was onserio
to look extremely, ill, and was carried into lie
!rouse, when it appeared that a nrrye had beet) ill
.lured, by which a lock-jaw was almost ill
produced, and, notwithstanding the most en'iv ‘;,'4
medical assibtance, be expired in less tl'''),ool
hours. The grief of ilia parents COD be bettcv '
i ceivcd than described,

''..'.....,.

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