The Sun.
London, England, 1842-04-18 00:00:00

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exaggerated accounts of their own population ; they
reckon their population by houses ; to Patan, their
largest town, they assign 24,000 houses, to Bhatzong
22,003, and to Catmandoo, 18,000. This would give a
population of 64,000. There are besides, many large
villages and towns scattered about Kirtee-poor, contain-
ing 12,000 houses, besides a multitude of others contain-
ing from 4,000 to 6,000 houses, all within the valley of
Nepaul. But this gives a population that sets proba-
bility at defiance. Kirkpatrick's estimate lowers the
population of Nepaul to half a million of souls.
With regard to the military, the whole of the people are
subject to service in times of danger, though they are
not regularly traineel. But there is a standing army
dispersed over the country, besides a large force always
in the capital, amounting to 30,000 or 35,000 troops :
these are regularly trained, and officered like European
troops, and affect their dress, and arms. The Govern-
ment of Nepaul is essentially a despotism, and is good
or bad according to the character of the reigning prince.
The public revenue is derived from land rents, customs,
fines of various sorts, and from mines. According to an
observant traveler, however, and who speaks from good
authority, the revenue actually remitted to Catmandoo
never exceeded 30 Lacs of rupees (35,0001.), but it some-
times fell to 25 lass. The trade must be stated as far
from extensive, but would be so if conducted under proper
regulations.

IMAMATE.

The Burmese territories, according to their settlement
since recent conquests, may be estimated at an extent in
breadth of about 350 miles, and in length of nearly 700.
The area of the country is conjectured to contain 184,000
square miles ; that portion of the kingdom farthest re-
moved from the capital is divided into provinces or
royalties, but of the extent or power of their rulers little
is known. Another and more common division is into
myos or townships, of which, according to native state-
ments, 4,600 are contained within the limits of the Bur-
mese empire ; but the truest conjecture, perhaps, is that
which reduces the number of townships to 163, and the
villages to 1,300. The Burmese territory is watered by
four great streams, namely, the Irrawaddy ; the
oSfetatnhge, clarllraedwoadltsiy.o. the Lokiang ; the Saluem, called
also the Pegn ; and the Kyea-dwen, a tributary
is the only lyinglow•
this tract extends alone. the Indian Ocean about 240
miles, from Cape Negrais to the new British settlement
he
portion tract
of the along
Bmes the
e ter sea-coast
of Amherst, near Martaban, and at the mouth of the
river Saluem. All this coast is low, marshy, and broken
by at least twenty channels of rivers, or arms of the sea,
but these are choked by sand-banks, and cannot be en-
tered by any vessel of burden ; hence there are only on
the coast the three harbours of Martaban, Rangoon, and
Bassein. The most considerable tribes of Burmah are the
proper Burmans, the Peguans, and Talains, the Shans, or
people of Lao, the Cassay or Katlic, the Zubaing, the
harms, the K
Yens, the Yo‘rated by the ignorance of
anti the Laira. The popu-
lation has been grossly exEuropeans, who have raised it to 17,000,000, 19,000,000,
and even 33,000,000; on the best data, however, it appears
reasonable to infer the true number to be 2,414,000. The
taxes from which the public revenue arises are in general
rude and ill-contrived expedients for extortion: one of the
most common is a house-tax on the cultivation of the
soil. The internal trade of the country centres chiefly
in Ave, the capital, and the seaports of Rangoon, Tongo,
and Bassein. One of the most important branches is
that carried on with the Chinese province of Yunan, in a
course of annual fairs, the chief of which is held at
Bhamo : the yearly value of this trade is estimated to be
from 400,000/. to 700,0061. sterling. The foreign trade
of the kingdom, carried on chiefly through the central
port of Rangoon, is with Chittagong, Dacca, and Cal-
cutta, in Bengal ; the Nicobar Islands and Penang ;
also occasionally with Bombay, and with the Persian and
Arabian Gulf. Gold and silver, among the exports, espe-
cially from Bassein and by the overland route of Arra-
can, amount to the annual value of 65,0001.
The principal imports are cotton piece goods. The in-

GH

tory, which may be divided under the names of the
eastern, middle, and western mountain roads.
THE EASTERN MOUNTAIN ROAD.—This high-road
of Asia begins at the harbour of Bender Abassi or Gam-
broon, near the entrance of the Gulf of Persia, and leads
northward to Kirman, the ancient Karamania, situated on
the cool table-land, on a spot which abounds with springs
and fruit-trees, but surrounded by desert plains, in which,
Oasis-like, it lies in the midst of the Lybian Sahara.
From Gambroon a road also leads past Ear to Shiraz.
THE MIDDLE MOUNTAIN ROAD.--This road begins
at the town of Bushire, on the shores of the Persian
Gulf, and leads first over a lower ridge to Kazrun, near
Shahpoor, the residence of the Sassanidm (of King Sapor
1., A.D. 240,) which is situated in the first valley; from this
point it passes over a rocky mountain to Shiraz, once the
residence of the Arabian Caliphs, which is built in a wider
and richer valley ; farther, through winding mountain
roads and narrow ravines, to the valley in which the
ruins of Persepolis still excite our admiration. From
these ruins the road, in a northern direction, again tra-
verses some narrow passes, through high rocks, which
are full of monuments of the early ages of Persia, till at
last it issues out of the mountain region, and enters the
extensive table-land on which Ispahan is built, the re-
sidence of the Sufi dynasty. The residence towns of
these different dynasties have been built on the fields
of battle, where signal victories were obtained,
and are placed at the openings of the most difficult
mountain passes, full of narrow defiles. The Arabs
were obliged to pass this difficult road on their way to
Persepolis, and this has likewise been the route of
modern travellers who have entered the-inland provinces
of Persia from the Persian Gulf. The Macedonians,
under Alexander, and after them Timour, made their
way from the banks of the Karoon to Persepolis, up the
valley of the Jerahi, and by the pass of Kalat-i-Sefid.
THE WESTERN MOUNTAIN ROAD.—This road, which
lies to the north-west of the former, may be called the
Median, in opposition to the Persian, which passes
through Persepolis. Beginning at or near the modern
Bagdad, it passes through the Medico Pylm of the moun-
tain range called Zagros, runs by Kermanshaw, Besit-
toon, and the remains of the temple at Kungavur, and
terminates at Hamadan, the ancient Ectabana in Media.
This road, like the precedulg, presents many historical
monuments, and it crosses the upper course of the rivers
"nisi* flow through the low lands of Susiana.

fl DIAN TIRADE or PERSIA.
Persia exports to India specie, dried fruits, dates, to-
bacco, wine, drugs, raw silk, carpets, swords, combs, &c.
Horses form a considerable article of export to India.
They are sent by sea from Bushire, whore they are collected
from the breeding districts in the southern provinces of
Persia, and from I(horassan and the north-eastern dis-
tricts by land through Affghanistan and the Punjab ;
and they serve for mounting the Indian cavalry,
and supplying the great private demand for riding
horses by the British in India. Tanhde
inimnapolinrtas,
from
India are cottonm,
3fo goods,uhan,
ixc h n chintzes,o,v,
Futtighur, Delhi,
and other places. Persia receives from India indigo,
which comes chiefly by sea, by the way of Bushire, or
by land through Affghanistan, or Balk, to Bultharia,
' and thence by Herat to Persia. Spices are also amongst
the Indian imports, as well as sugar and sugar-candy,
the import of which forms one of the most important
branches of trade between the two countries. The
province of Mazanderaa yields a coarse sugar, and there
are many parts of Persia fitted for the growth of this
article, yet the country depends chiefly on India for its
supply.

- maximum roams OP PERSIA.
There is no regular body of trained soldiers in Persia,
but merely irregular levies, fitted for the species of war-
fare in which they are generally engaged. Every pro-
vince ought to maintain a certain number of men, armed
and mounted, and ready to take the field ; this is the na-
tional force of Persia. The number of the registered
militia is estimated at 150,000 men. The Persians assert
that of the chiefs of tribes the King can command the

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but
a
services of 80,000 of their irregular troops, will),
assertion is barely borne out by fact. Some P. sOf
famed for their irregular troops, serve as nursep,iti 10,
army. The land-tax of Mazanderan is chiefly Aistrobso,
military service, and this province, including ors r°
maintains nominally 12,000 foot and 4,0010,1.
ready at a call. The only permanently embodies 6000
however, is the body-guard of the King. or to A,
laums ; their number amounts to from 3,lotch-1067
men ; they are mounted, and armed with 10
and swords.

CA-UI3UL.
Ant °lll ---4il
POPULATION or THE 82/410••-• - '''
The different nationCisAillvhnotrilare. sp.read °ver ['Or:
the .l.
mense tract of country known as the kingdom of:'-'cii co'
tributeam oupßneetri,t:ooioanetnihlsteeh(ee
populationNvh ol( ~ to i anbtohuet
flotoinwiinllgionps;op`ovrh;jozs
Affghans 4,300,0v ~
Tartars of all descriptions ., „Ao ...,
isincuce, ri,,, unit s
300,00 u
.•
Miscellaneous tribeg
EOUNDAMIEIS or THE EINGZIOI4 •
odeeteldnrl isatmnrtiihetsseserionvf Caubul are difficult to fix, but 5 w/1 ic"-
C A VII IT L . doPtilif
itcti
hhoo
enernTsctmhiest made use of by the Asiatics themselYes'_.,er tu
illKing'sliled
hi
ws oi
thev e'ir'Ke i git'll.
in.okeot iriKaai snogiel xai
ttepnad:lrr'its2ll°°(:):itv:°°:,°°:eoili
thignPig..tud!
read, and the money coin d • h' none'
kingdom extends from thee westln ofisllerat, in If—folor
62 'deg., to the eastern boundary of Cashmere, ,°lO, in
tude 77 deg. east, and from the mouth of the l'hu TV
lat. 24 deg., to the Oxus, in lat. 37 deg. "rli-01l the
kingdom is bounded on the east by Hinaostall ; desert
south it has the Persian Gulf ; and on the west frontier
n idae
raxeertnyeacnlitdsahosteuarirnleeocfnloougfrdmtoehudeerd‘%lb.wholelatest
stinht of
emft
haot hpexes
,ufir. westernme t,oiii
necrepsor.
partre
dltsien ngo of rt,thf
theif
r'k,,,:bni ;-.
is formed by the mountains of the Eastern Calleashu; boll
Bisatalkil,alnvdithSe
tCi
oann doafha
Lahore,
, S ci nd e
andatnhde Cashmere h ads I" aP.
Firosktaanr,eswt•aituhnpaanr(ti ofciliinhnor;asan and ,ratibine...l
Kuttore, ~.--a ei
, ~1 _ ~,,,.
CITY OraeteAr . 30
Ca ,
the
Caubul, the chief city of the province of 40,00, .
name, is the capital of Afghanistan ; it i;_i'vstereo'
on the river Caubul, in a large we' d it (4.1'..
plain, filled with villages : low hills surroun .5 the
part of ether with
;)•'
three sides, on one of which, to the north!„sol4;
King's palace. Also, on another hill near the cgLdigl'
tomb of the Einneror Baber, surrounded by large übed..,-
flowers, and commanding a noble prospect. MullYted for
tiful gardens surround the town, which is celebra olio
its fine climate, though the proximity of the nt__°l,l,eifili'
causes great variety of temperature. The tow,:l'e, to
not large, but handsome and compact, and the 17_, are,,
avoid the consequences of the frequent earth
_ic,e'aegi
mostly built of wood. Caubul lies in haitudo 3i
10. mm. east, lon. 71 deg. 43 rain. el of the!
This city is about 6,000 feet above the level
c,.. en,
sea, and lies in a triangular gorge. The hills wicill "_lO.,
, an roc ",
cotapass it on three sides are steep, wire, c :5 car
and are crowned with a long line of wall, wilt 0 ' ,
tied up their sides, summits, and across the narrow
trance which lies between them ; this wall wit;ajlen into' -
as a defence against the Ghilzies, but it has
but weoc
ruin. The city itself is surrounded by a high on 0
I wall, and has no ditch ; above thef•ortress,
rather
eminence, is the citadel, and within this fort a_enrior
of Dost Mahomed built a palace, which he ca.11.:114;e1
lah-i-Feringhee, or the European fiat, and wha.a is3o,
curiously became, durinc, the British occupation
ill i caw,
the hospital of the 13th Light Infantry. Aron 1..,,, re,
cou.o)lart 004-
bn], and .indeed throughout the Affghan
scattered castled houses, the seats of the ?
iPriini niiich aid
of the Country, who from the insecurity -II ' , .
live, have all their dwellings strongly forti&d.
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