The Sun.
London, England, 1842-12-27 00:00:00

THE MESSAGE.

TO THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF RE-
PRESENTATIVES OF THE UNITED
STATES.
We have continued reason to express our profound
gratitude to the great Creator of all things for num-
berless benefits conferred upon us as a people. Blessed
with genial seasons, the husbandman has his garners
filled with abundance, and the necessaries of life, not
to speak or its luxuries, abound in every direction.
While in some other nations steady and industrious
labour can hardly find the means of subsistence, the
greatest evil which we have to encounter is a surplus
of production beyond the home demand, which seeks,
and with difficulty finds, a partial market in other
regions. The health of the country, with partial ex-
ceptions, has for the past year been well preserved ;
and under their free and wise institutions, the United
States are rapidly advancing towards the consum-
mation of the high destiny which an overruling Pro-
vidence seems to have marked out for them. Exempt
from domestic -convulsion, and At peace with the
world, we are left free to consult as to the best means
of securing and advancing the happiness of the people.
Such are the circumstances under which you now
assemble in your respective Chambers, and which
should lead us to unite in praise and thanksgiving to
that great Being who made us, and who preserves us
as a nation.

I congratulate you, fellow-citizens, on the happy
change in the aspect of our foreign affairs since my
last annual message. Causes of complaint at that time
existed between the United States and Great Britain,
which, attended by irritating circumstances, threat-
ened most seriously the public peace. The difficulty
of adjusting amicably the questions at issue between
the two countries was in no small degree augmented
by the lapse of time since they had their origin. The
opinions entertained by the Executive on several of
the leading topics in dispute were frankly set forth in
the Message at the opening of your late session. The
appointment of a special Minister by Great Britain to
the United States with power to negotiate upon most
of the points of difference, indicated a desire on her
part amicably to adjust them, and that Minister was
met by the Executive in the same spirit which had
dictated his mission. The treaty consequent thereon,
having been duly ratified by the two Governments, a
copy, together with the correspondence which accom-
panied it, is herewith communicated. I trust that
whilst you may see in it nothing objectionable, it may
be the means of preserving, for an indefinite period, the
amicable relations happily existing between the two
Governments. The questions of peace or war between
the United States and Great Britain, is a question of
the deepest interest, not only to themselves, but to
the civilized world, since it is scarcely possible that a
war could exist between them without endangering
the peace of Christendom. The immediate effect
of the treaty upon ourselves will be felt in the
security afforded to mercantile .enterprise, which,
no longer apprehensive of interruption, adventures its
speculations in the most distant sea; and freighted
with the diversified productions of every land, returns
to bless our own. There is nothing in the treaty,
which, in the slightest degree, compromises the ho-
nour or dignity of either nation. Next•to the settle-
ment of the boundary line, which must always be a
matter of difficulty between States as individuals, the
question which seemed to threaten the greatest em-
barrassment, was that connected with the African
slave trade.

By the 10th article of the Treaty of Ghent it was
expressly declared that " whereas the traffic in slaves
is irreconcileable with the principles of humanity and
justice; and whereas both his Majesty and the United
States are desirous of continuing their efforts to pro-
mote its entire abolition, it is hereby agreed that both
the contracting parties shall use their best endeavours
to accomplish so desirable an object:! In the enforce-
ment of the laws and treaty stipulations of Great Bri-
tain, a practice had threatened to grow up on the part
of its cruisers, of subjecting to visitation ships sailing
under the American flag, which, while it seriously
involved our maritime rights, would subject to vexa-
tion a branch of our trade which was daily in-
creasing, and which required the fostering care of
the Government. And although Lord Aberdeen,
in his correspondence with the American Envoys
at London, expressly disclaimed all right to de-
tain an American ship on the high seas, even if
found with a cargo of slaves on board, and
restricted the British pretensions to a mere claim to
visit and inquire, yet it could not well be discerned
by the Executive of the United States how such visit
and inquiry could be made without detention on the
voyage, and consequently interruption to the trade.
It was regarded as the right of search, presented only
in a new form, and expressed in different words ; and
I therefore felt it to be my duty distinctly to declare,
in my annual message to Congress, that no such con-
cession could be made, and that the United States
had both the will and the ability to enforce their own
laws, and to protect their flag from being used for
purposes wholly forbidden by those laws, and ob-
noxious to the moral censure of the world. Taking
the Message as his letter of instructions, our then
Minister at Paris felt himself required to assume the
same ground in a remonstrance which he felt it to be
his duty to present to M. Guizot, and through him
to the King of the French, against what has been
called the Quintuple treaty; and his conduct in this
respect met with the approval of this Government.
In close conformity with these views the eighth
article of the treaty was framed, which provides that
" each nation shall keep afloat in the African seas a
force of not less than eighty guns, to act separately
and apart, under instructions from their respective
Governments, and for the enforcement of their respec-
tive laws and obligations. From this it will be sgen
that the ground assumed in the Message has been
fully] maintained, at the same time that the stipula-
tions of the Treaty of Ghent are to be carried out in
good faith by the two countries, and that all pretence
is removed for interference with our commerce for
any purpose whatever by a foreign Government.
, While, therefore, the United States have been stand-
; ing up for the freedom of the seas, they have not
thought proper to make that a pretext for avoiding a
fulfilment of their treaty stipulations, or a ground for
giving countenance to a trade reprobated by our laws.
A similar arrangement by the other great Powers
could not fail to sweep from the ocean the slave trade,
without the interpolation of any new principle into the
maritime code. We may be permitted to hope that the
example thus set will be followed by some, if not all
of them. We thereby also afford suitable protection
to the fair trader in those seas, thus fulfilling at the

same time the dictates of a sound policy, and com-
plying with the claims of justice and humanity.
It would have furnished additional cause for con -
gratulation, if the treaty could have embraced all
subjects calculated in future to lead to a misunder-
standing between the two Governments. The terri-
tory of the United States,. commonly called the Oregon
territory, lying on the Pacific Ocean, north'of the 42d
degree of latitude, to a portion of .which Great
Britan lays claim, begins to attract the attention of
our fellow-citizens, and the tide of population, which
has reclaimed what was so lately an unbroken wilder-
ness, in more contiguous regions, is preparing to
flow over those vast districts which stretch from the
Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean. In advance
of the acquirement of individual rights to these lands,
sound policy dictates that every effort should be re-
sorted to by the two Governments to settle their re-
spective claims. It became manifest at an early hour
of the late negotiations, that any attempt for the time
being satisfactorily to determine those rights, would
lead to a protracted discussion, which might embrace
in 'its failure other more pressing matters, and the
Executive did not regard it as proper to waive all the
advantages of an honourable adjustment of other diffi-
culties of great magnitude and importance, because
this, not so immediately pressing, stood in the way.
Although the difficulty referred to may not for seve-
ral years to come involve the peace of the two coun-
tries, yet I shall not delay to urge on Great Britain
the importance of its early settlement. Nor will
other matters of commercial importance to the two
'countries be overlooked ; and I have good reason to
believe that •it will comport with the policy of Eng-
land, as it does with that of the United States, to
seize upon this moment, when most of the causes of
irritation have passed away, to cement the peace and
unity of the two countries by wisely removing all
grounds of probable future collision.
With the other Powers of Europe our relations
continue on the most amicable footing. Treaties
now existing with them should be rigidly observed,
and every opportunity compatible with the interests
of the United States should be seized upon to enlarge
the basis of commercial intercourse. ' Peace with all
the world is the true foundation of our policy, which ,
caa only be rendered permanent by the practice of
equal and impartial justice to all. Our great desire
should be to enter only into that rivalry which looks to
the general good, in the cultivation of the sciences, the
enlargement of the field for the exercise of the mecha-
nical arts, and the spread of commerce—that great
civiliser—to every land and sea. Carefully abstaining
from interference in all questions exclusively refer-
ring themselves to the political interests ofEurope, we
may be permitted to hope an equal exemption from
the interference of European Governments in what
relates to the States of the American continent.
On the 23d of April last, the Commissioners on the
part of the United States, under the convention with
the Mexican Republic, of the 11th of April, 1839,
made to the proper department a final report in re-
lation to the proceedings of the Commission.
From this it appears that the total amount awarded
to the claimants by the Commissioners and the um-
pire appointed under that Convention, was two mil-
lions twenty-six thousand and seventy-nine dollars
and sixty-eight cents. The arbiter having considered
that his functions were required by the Convention
to terminate at the same time with those of the Com-
missioners, returned to the Board, undecided for want
of time, claims which had been allowed by the Ame-
rican Commissioners, to the amount of nine hundred
and twenty-eight thousand six hundred and twenty
dollars and eighty-eight cents. Other claims, in
which the amount sought to be recovered was three
millions three hundred and thirty-six thousand eight
hundred and thirty-seven dollars and five cents, were
submitted to the Board too late for its consideration.
The Minister of the United States at Mexico has
been duly authorised to make demand for the pay-
ment of the awards according to the terms of the
Convention, and the provisions of the Act of Con-
gress of the 12th of June, 1840. He has also been
instructed to communicate to that Government the
expectations of the Government of the United States
in relation to those claims which were not disposed of
according to the provisions of the Convention, and all
others of citizens of the United States against the
Mexican Government.
He had also been furnished with other instructions
to be followed by him in case the Government of
Mexico should not find itself in a condition to make
present payment of the amount of the awards, in
specie or its equivalent.
I am happy to be able to say that information which
is esteemed favourable, both to a just satisfaction of
the awards, and a reasonable provision for other claims,
has been recently received from Mr. Thompson, the
Minister of the United States, who has promptly and
efficiently executed the instructions of his Govern-
ment in regard to this important subject.
The citizens of the United States who accompanied
the late Texan expedition to Santa Fe, and who were
wrongfully taken and held as prisoners of war in
Mexico, have all been liberated.

A correspondence has taken place between the de-
partment of State and the Mexican Minister of
Foreign Affairs, upon the complaint of Mexico, that
citizens of the United States were permitted to give
aid to the inhabitants of Texas in the war existing
between her and that Republic. Copies of this cor-
respondence are herewith communicated to Congress,
together with copies of letters on the same subject,
addressed to the diplomatic corps at Mexico by the
American Minister and the Mexican Secretary of State.
Mexico has thought proper to reciprocate the mis-
sion of the United States to that Government by ac-
crediting to this a Minister in the same rank as that
of the Representative of the United States in Mexico.
From the circumstances connected with his mission,
favourable results are anticipated from it. It is so
obviously for the interest of both countries as neigh-
bours and friends that all just causes of mutual dissa-
tisfaction should be removed, that it is to be hoped
neither will omit or delay the employment of any
practicable and honourable means to accomplish that
end.

The affairs pending between this Government and
several others of the States of this hemisphere for-
merly under the domihion of Spain, have again, within
the past year, been materially obstructed by the mili-
tary revolutions and conflicts in those countries.
The ratifications of the treaty between the United
States and the Republic of Ecuador, of the 13th of
June, 1839, have been exchanged, and that instru-
ment has been duly promulgated on the part of this
Government. Copies are now communicated to Con-
gress, with a view to enable that body to make such
changes in the laws applicable to our intercourse with
that Republic as may be deemed requisite.
Provision has been made by the Government of
Chile for the payment of the claim on account of the
illegal detention of the brig 'Warrior at Coquimbo, in
1820. The Government has reason to expect that
other claims of our citizens against Chile will be has-
tened to a final and satisfactory close.
The empire of Brazil has not been altogether ex-
empt from those convulsions which so constantly af-
flict the neighbouring Republics. Disturbances which
recently broke out are, however, now understood to
be quieted. But these occurrences, by threatening
the stability of the Governments, or by causing in-
cessant and violent changes in them, in tlie r-
!ons who administer them, tend
greatly o
tor retard
visions for a just indemnity for losses pPero
and injuries -suf-
fered by individual subjects or citizens of other States.
The Government of the United States will feel it to
be its duty, however, to consent to no delay, not un-
avoidable, in making
satisfaction for wrongs and in-
juries sustained by its own citizens. Many years
having, in some cases, elapsed, a decisive and effec-
tual course of proceeding will be demanded of the re-
spective Governments against whom claims have been
preferred.
The vexatious, harassing, and expensive war which
so long prevailed with the Indian tribes inhabiting
the peninsula of Florida, has happily been terminated ;
whereby our army has been relieved of a service of
the most disagreeable character, and the Treasury
from a large expenditure. Some casual outbreaks may
occur, such as are incidental to the close proximity of
border settlers and the Indians • but these in all other
cases, may be left to the care of the local authorities,
aided, when occasion may require, by the forces
of the United States. A sufficient number of
troops will be maintained in Florida, so long as the
remotest apprehensions of danger shall exist, yet
their duties shall be limited rather to the garri-
soning of the necessary posts, than to the maintenance
of active hostilities. It is to be hoped that a territory
so long retarded in its growth, will now speedily re-
cover from the evils incident to a protracted war,
exhibiting, in the increased amount of its rich pro-
ductions, true evidences of returning wealth and
prosperity. By the practice of rigid justice towards
the numerous Indian tribes residing within our terri-
torial limits, and the exercise of a parental vigilance
over their interests, protecting them against fraud and
intrusion, and at the same time using every proper
expedient to introduce among them the arts of civi-
lised life, we may fondly hope not only to wean them
from their love of war, but to inspire them with a
love for peace and all its avocations. 'With several of
the tribes great progress in civilising them has already
been made. The schoolmaster and the missionary
are found side by side, and the remnants of what
were once numerous and powerful nations may yet
be preserved ai the builders up of a new name for
themselves and their posterity.

The balance in thee Treasury on the Ist of January
1842 (exclusive of the amount deposited with the
States, Trnst Funds, and Indemnities), was
230,483d01. 68c. The receipts into the Treasury during
the three quarters of the present. year, .from all
sources, amount to 16,616,593 dollars 78c. ; of which
more than fourteen millions were received from cus-
toms and about one million from the public lands.
The receipts for the fourth quarter are estimated at
nearly eight millions; of which four millions are ex-
pected from Customs, and three millions and a half
from Loans and Treasury notes. The expenditures

c of the first three quarters of the present year exceed
twenty-six millions; and those estimated for the
fourth quarter amount to about eight millions ; and it
is anticipated there will be a deficiency of half a mil-
lion on the Ist ofJanuary next—but that the amount
of outstanding warrants (estimated at 800,000 dollars)
will leave an actual balance of about 225,000 dollars
in the Treasury, Among the expenditures of the
year are more than eight millions for the public debt,
and 600,000 dollars on account of the distribution to
the States of the proceeds of the public lands.
The present tariff of duties was somewhat hastily
and hurriedly passed near the close of the late session
of Congress. That it should have defects can,
therefore, be surprising to no one. To remedy such
defects as may be found to exist in many of its nu-
merous provisions, will not fail to claim your serious
attention. It may well merit inquiry, whether the
exaction of all duties in cash does not call for the in-
troduction of a system which has proved highly bene-
ficial in countries where it has been adopted. I
refer to the warehousing system. The first and
most prominent effect which it would produce would
be to protect the market alike 'against redundant or
defficient supplies of foreign fabrics—both of which,
in the long run are injurious as well to the manufac-
turer as the importer. The quantity of goods in store
being at all times readily known, it would enable the
importer, with an approach to accuracy, to ascertain
the actual wants of the market, and to regulate him-
self accordingly. If, however, he should fall into
error, by importing an excess above the public wants,
he could readily correct its evils by availing himself
of the benefits and advantages of the system thus es-
tablished. In the storehouse the goods imported
would await the demands of the market, and their
issues would be governed by the fixed principle of
demand and supply. Thus an approximation would
be made to a steadiness and uniformity of price, which,
if attainable, would conduce to the decided advantage
of mercantile and mechanical operations.
The apprehension may be well entertained that
without something to ameliorate the rigour of cash
payments, the entire import trade may fall into the
hands of a few wealthy capitalists in this country, and
in Europe. The small importer, who requires all the
money he can raise for investments abroad, and who
can but ill afford to pay the lowest duty, would have
, to subduct in advance a portion of his funds in order
Ito pay the duties, and would lose the interest upon the
amount thus paid for all the time the goods might
remain unsold, which might absorb his profits. The
rich capitalist abroad, as well as at home, would thus
possess, after a short time, an almost exclusive mo-
nopoly of the import trade, and laws designed for
the benefit of all, would thus operate for the benefit
of the few—a result wholly uncongenial with the
spirit of our institutions, and anti-republican in all its
tendencies. The warehousing system would enable
the importer to watch the market, and to select his
own time for offering his goods for sale. A profitable
portion of the carrying trade in articles entered for
the benefit of drawback must also be most seriously
affected, without the adoption of some expedient to
relieve the cash system. The warehousing system
would afford that relief, since the carrier would have
a safe recourse to the public storehouses, and might,
without advancing the duty, reship within some
reasonable period to foreign ports. A further effect
of the measure would be to supersede the system of
drawbacks, thereby effectually protecting the Go-
vernment against fraud, as the right of debenture
would not attach to goods after their withdrawal from
the public stores. _ _

In revising the existing tariff of duties, should you
deem it proper to do so at your present session, I can
only repeat the suggestions and recommendations
which, upon several occasions, I have heretofore felt
it to be my duty to offer to Congress. The great,
primary, and controlling interest of the American
people is union—union not only in the mere forms of
Government, forms which may be broken—but union
founded in an attachment of States and individuals
for each other. This union in sentiment and feeling
can only be preserved by the adoption of that course
of policy which, neither giving exclusive benefits to
some, nor imposing unnecessary burdens upon others,
shall consult the interests of all by pursuing a course
of moderation; thereby seeking to harmonize public
opinion, and causing the people everywhere to feel
and to know that the Government is careful of the
interests of all alike. Nor is there any subject in
regard to which moderation, connected with a wise
discrimination, is more necessary than in the imposi-
tion of duties on imports. Whether reference be had
to revenue, the primary object in the imposition of
taxes, or to the incidents which necessarily flow from
their imposition, this is entirely true. Extravagant
duties defeat their end and object, not only by ex-
citing in the public mind an hostility to the manu-
facturing interests, but by inducing a system of
smuggling on an extensive scale, and the practice of
every manner of fraud upon the revenue, which the
utmost vigilance of Government cannot actually sup.
press.

An opposite course of policy would be attended by
results essentially die °rent, of which every interest
of society, and none more than those of the manu-
facturer, would reap important advantages. Among
the most striking of its benefits would be that derived
from the general acquiescence of the country in its
support, and the consequent permanency and stability
which would be given to all the operations of industry.
It cannot be too often repeated, that no system of le-
gislation can be wise which is fluctuating and uncer-
tain. No interest can thrive under it. The prudent
capitalist will never adventure his capital in manufac-
turing establishments, or in any other leading pursuit
of life, if there exist a state of uncertainty as to
whether the Government will repeal to-morrow what
it has enacted to-day. Fitful profits, however high,
if threatened with a ruinous deduction by a vacil-
lating policy on the part of Government, will scarcely
tempt him to trust the money which he has acquired
by a life of labour upon the uncertain adventure. I,
therefore, in the spirit of conciliation, and influenced
by no other desire than to rescue the great interests
of the country from the vortex of political contention,
and in the discharge of the high and solemn duties of
the place which I now occupy, recommend moderate
duties imposed with a wise discrimination as to their
several objects, as being not only most likely to be
durable, but most advantageous to every interest of
society.
The report of the Secretary of the War Depart-
ment exhibits a very full and satisfactory account of
the various and important interests Mmmitted to the
charge of that officer. It is particularly gratifying
to find that the expenditures for the military service
are greatly reduced in amount—that a strict system
of economy has been introduced into the service, and the
abuses of pastyears greatly reformed. The fortifications
on our maritime frontier have been prosecuted with
much vigour, and at many points our defences are in
a very considerable state of forwardness. The sug-
gestions in reference to the establishment of means of
communication with our territories on the Pacific,
and to the surveys so essential to a knowledge of the
resources of the intermediate country, are entitled to
the most favourable consideration. While I would
propose nothing inconsistent with friendly negotia-
tions to settle the extent of our claims in that region,
d eans tinforecast
enable pomut points otuot tmh ea
inn et
ac
ins s
ourity orfi
gsuch
.
31Tleletlaesaauprrrreausngements made for preserving our neutral
relations on the boundary between us and Texas, and
keeping in check the Indians in that quarter, will be
maintained so long as circumstances may require.
For several years angry contentions have grown
out of the disposition directed by law to be made of
the mineral lands held by the Government in several
of the States. The Government is constituted the
landlord, and the citizens of the States wherein lie the
lands are its tenants. The relation is an unwise one,
and it would be much more conducive of the public
interest that a sale of the lands should be made, than
that they should remain in their present condition.
The supply of the ore would be more abundantly and
certainly furnished when to be drawn from the enter.
prise and the industry of the proprietor, than under
the present system.
The recommendation of the Secretary in regard to
the improvements in the western waters and certain
prominent harbours on the lakes, merit, anal doubt not
will receive, your serious attention. The great im-
portance of these subjects to the prosperity :of the
extensive region referred to, and the security of the
whole country in the time of war cannot escape ob-
servation. The losses of life and property which
annually occur in the neighbourhood of the Missis-
sippi alone, because of the dangerous obstructions in
the river, make a loud demand upon Congress for the
adoption of efficient measures for their removal.
The report of the Secretary of the Navy will bring,
you acquainted with that important branch of the pub-
lie defences. Considering the already vast and daily
increasing commerce of the country, apart from this
exposure to hostile inroad of an extended seaboard, all
that relates to the navy is calculated to excite peculiar
attention. Whatever tends to add to its efficiency,
without entailing unnecessary charges upon the Trea-
sury, is well worthy your serious consideration. It
will be seen that while an appropriation exceeding by
less thari a million the appropriations of the present
u ber
•
year, is asked by the Secretary, yet that in this sum
is in:,heh, whenluided4oo onceexpended,
,
" dollarsfor
will the p
annually reimbursed by the sale of the clothes, and
hapsreop oofsed to
clothing, be
will thus constitute a perpetual fund, without any
new appropriation to the same object. To this may
also be added 50,000 dollars, asked to cover the aver-
ages of past years, and 250,000 dollars, in order to
maintain a competent squadron on the coast of Africa;
all of which, when deducted, will reduce the expendi.
tures to nearly within the limits of those of the cur-
rent year. While, however, the expenditures will
thus remain very nearly the same as of the antecedent
year, it is proprosed to add greatly to the operations
of the Marine, and in lieu of only 25 ships in commis-
sion, and but little in the way of building, to keep,
with the same expenditure, 41 vessels afloat, and to
build twelve ships of a small class.

A strict system of accountability is established, and
great pains are taken to insure industry, fidelity, and
economy, in every department of duty. Experiments
have been instituted to test the quality of various
materials, particularly copper, iron, and coal, so as to
prevent fraud and imposition.
It will appear by the report of the Postmaster-
General that the great point which, for several years,
has been so much desired, has, during the current
year, been fully accomplished ; the expenditure of
the department for the current year have been
brought within its income without lessening its
general usefulness. There has been an increase of
revenue equal to 5,166,000 dols. for the year 1842,
over that of 1841, without, as it is believed, any addi-
tion having been made to the number of letters and
newspapers transmitted through the mails. The
Post-office laws have been honestly administered, and
fidelity has been observed in accounting for, and pay-
ing over by the subordinates of the department, the
moneys which have been received. For the details of
the service, I refer you to the report.
I flatter myself that the exhibition thus made of
the condition of the public administration will serve
to convince you that every proper attention has been
paid to the interests of the country by those who have
been called to the heads of the different departments.
The reduction in the annual expenditures of the Go-
vernment already accomplished furnishes a sure evi-
dence that economy in the application of the public
moneys is regarded as a paramount duty.
At peace with all the world, the personal liberty of
the citizen sacredly maintained, and his rights secured
under political institutions, deriving all their autho-
rity from the direct sanction of the people—with a
soil fertile almost beyond example, and a country
blessed with every diversity of climate and produc-
tion, what remains to be done in order to advance the
happiness and prosperity of such a people ? Under
ordinary circumstances this inquiry could readily be
answered. The best that probably could be done for
a people inhabiting such a country, would be to for-
tify their peace and security in the prosecution of their
various pursuits, by guarding them against invasion
from without and violence from within. The rest, for
the greater part, might be left to their own energy and
enterprise. The chief embarrassments which at the
moment exhibit themselves have arisen from over
action ; and the most difficult task which remains to be
accomplished is that of correcting and overcoming its
effects. Between the years 1833 and 1838, additions
were made to bank capital and bank issues, in the
form of notes designed for circulation, to an extent
enormously great. The question seemed to be, not
how the best currency could be provided, but in what
manner the greatest amount of bank paper could be
pat in circulation. Thus a vast amount of what was
called money—since, for the time being, it answered
the purposes of money—was thrown upon the coun-
try ; an over issue which was attended, as a necessary
consequence, by an extravagant increase of the prices
of all articles of property, th spread of a speculative
mania all over the country, and has finally ended in a
general indebtedness on the part of States and indi-
viduals, the prostration of public and private credit, a
depreciation in the market value of real and personal
estate, and has left large districts of country almost
entirely without any circulating medium. In view of
the fact that, in 1830, the whole bank-note circula•
tion within the United States amounted to but
61,323,898 dols., according to the Treasury state-
ments, and that an addition had been made
thereto of the enormous sum of 88,000,000 dols.
in seven years (the circulation on the Ist
of January, 1837, being stated at 149,185,890
dols.), aided by the great facilities afforded in obtain-
ing loans from European capitalists, who were seized
with the same speculative mania which prevailed in
the United States—and the large importation of funds
from abroad, the result of stock sales and loans—no
one can be surprised at the apparent, but unsubstan-
tial state of prosperity which everywhere prevailed
over the land ; and while little cause of surprise
should be felt at the present prostration of everything,
and the ruin which has befallen so many of our fel-
low-citizens in the sudden withdrawal from circula-
tion of so large an amount of bank issues, since 1837
—exceeding, as is believed, the amount added to the
paper currency for a similar period antecedent to
1837, it ceases to be a matter of astonishment that
such extensive shipwreck should have been made of
private fortunes, or that difficulties should exist in
meeting their engagements on the part of the debtor
States. Apart from which, if there be taken into ac-
count the immense losses sustained in the dishonour of
numerous banks, it is less a matter of surprise that in-
solvency should have visited many of our fellow-
citizens, than that so many should have escaped the
blighting influences of the times.
In the solemn conviction of these truths, and with
an ardent desire to meet the pressing necessities of
the country, I felt it to be my duty to cause to be
submitted to you, at the commencement of your late
session, the plan of an Exchequer, the whole power
and duty of maintaining which, in purity and vigour,
was to be exercised by the representatives of the
people and the States, and, therefore, virtually by the
people themselves. It was proposed to place it under
the control and direction of a Treasury board, to con-
sist of three Commissioners, whose duty it should be
to see that the law of its creation was faithfully
executed, and that the great end of supplying a proper
medium of exchange, at all times convertible into
gold and silver, should be attained. The board thus
constituted was given as much permanency as could
be imparted to it, without endangering the proper
share of responsibility which should attach to all
public agents. In order to insure all the advantages
of a well-matured experience, the Commissioners were
to hold their offices for the respective periods of two,
four, and six years, thereby securing at all times in
the management of the Exchequer, the service of two
men of experience ; and to place them in a condition
to exercise perfect independence of mind and action,
it was provided that their removal should only take
place for actual incapacity or infidelity to the trust,
and to be followed by the President with an exposi-
tion of the causes of such removal, should it occur.
It was proposed to establish subordinate boards in
each of the States, under the same restrictions and
limitations of the power of removal, which, with the
central board, should receive, safely keep, and dis-
burse the public moneys; and in order to furnish a
sound paper medium of exchange, the Exchequer
should retain of the revenues of the Government a sum
not to exceed 5,000,000 dollars in specie, to be set
apart as required by its operations, and to pay the
public creditor at his own option, either in specie or
Treasury notes, of denominations not less than five,
nor exceeding one hundred dollars, which notes should
be redeemed at the several places of issue, and to be
receivable at all times and everywhere in payment of
Government dues; with a restraint upon such issue of
bills that the same should not exceed the maximum of
150,000 dollars. In order to guard against, all the
hazards incident to fluctuations in trade, the Secretary
of the Treasury was invested with authority to issue
5,000,000 dollars of Government Stock, should the
same at any time be regarded as necessary, in order to
place beyond hazard the prompt redemption of
the bills which might be thrown into cir-
culation. Thus, in fact, making the issue d
15,000,000 dollars of Exchequer Bills rest substanti-
ally on 10,000,000 dollars ; and keeping in circulation
never more than one and one-half dollars for every
dollar in specie. When to this it is added that the
bills are not only everywhere receivable in Govern-
ment dues, but that the Government itself would be
bound for their ultimate redemption, no rational donbt
can exist that the paper which the Exchequer would
furnish, would readily enter into general circulation,
and be maintained at all times at or above par with
gold and silver; thereby realising the great want of
the age, and fulfilling the wishes of the people.
In order to reimburse the Government the expenses
of the plan, it was proposed to invest the Exchequer
with the limited authority to deal in bills of exchange,
unless prohibited by the State in which an agency
might be situated, having only thirty days to run, and
resting on a fair and bona fide basis. The Legisla-
tive will on this point might be so plainly announced
as to avoid all pretext for partiality or favouritism.
It was furthermore proposed to invest this Trea-
sury agent with authority to receive on deposit,
to a limited amount, the specie funds of individuals,
and to grant certificates, therefore, to be redeemed on
presentation, under the idea which is believed to be
well-founded, that such certificates would come in aid
of Exchequer-bills in supplying a safe and ample
paper circulation. Or, if in place of the contemplated
dealings in exchange, the Exchequer should be autho-
rised not only to exchange its bills for actual deposits
of specie, but for specie or its equivalent to sell drafts,
charging therefore a small but reasonable premium, I
cannot doubt but that the benefits of the law would be
speedily manifested in the revival of the credit, trade,
and business of the whole country. Entertaining this
opinion, it becomes my duty to urge its adoption upon
Congress, by reference to the strongest considerations
of the public interests, with such alteration in its de-
tails as Congress may in its wisdom see fit to make.
am well aware that this proposed alteration and
amendment of the laws establishing the Treasury
department has encountered various objections,
and that among others it has been proclaimed a
Government bank of fearful and dangerous import. It
is proposed to confer upon it no extraordinary powers.
It purports to do more than pay the debts of the
Government with the redeemable paper of the Go-1
vernment—in which respect it accomplishes precisely
what the Treasury does daily at this time, in issuing
to the public creditors the Treasury notes which,
under law, it is authorised to issue. It has no re-
semblance, to an ordinary bank, as it furnishes no
profits to private stockholders, and lends no capital to
individuals. If it be objected to as a Government
bank; and the objection be available—then should all
the laws, in relation to the Treasury be repealed,
and the capacity of the Government to collect what is
due to it, or pay what it owes, be abrogated.
This is the chief purpose of the proposed Exche-
quer; and surely if, in the accomplishment of a pur-

I cannot forego the occasion to urge its importance
to the credit of the Government in a financial point
of view. The great necessity of resorting to every
proper and becoming expedient in order to place the
Treasury on a footing of the highest respectability,
is entirely obvious. The credit of the Government
may be regarded as the very soul of the Govern-
ment itself—a principle of vitality without which all
its movements are languid and all its operations em-
barrassed. In this spirit, the Executive felt itself
bound by the most imperative sense of duty to sub-
mit to Congress, at its last session, the propriety of
making a specific pledge of the land fund, and as
the basis for the negotiation of the loans authorised
to be contracted. I then thought that such an
application of the public domain would, without
doubt, have placed it the command of the Go-
vernment ample funds to relieve the Treasury
from the temporary emlarrassments under which
it laboured. American credit has suffered a con-
siderable shock in Europe, from the large indebted-
ness of the: States and the temporary inability of
some of them to meet the interest on their debts. The
utter and disastrous prostration of the United State
Bank of Pennsylvania had contributed largely to in-
crease the sentiment of distrust by reason of the loss
and ruin sustained by the holders of its stock, a large
portion of whom were foreigners, and many of whom
were alike ignorant of our political organization, and
of our actual responsibilities. It was the anxious de-
sire of the Executive that in the effort to negotiate
the loan abroad, the American negotiator might he
able to point the money lender to the fund mortgaged
for the redemption of the principal and interest of any
loan he might contract, and thereby vindicate the
Government from all suspicion of bad faith or inabi-
lity to meet its engagements. Congress differed from
the Executive in this view of the subject. It be-
came, nevertheless, the duty of the Executive to re-
sort to every expedient in its power to negotiate the
authorised loan. After a failure to do so in the
American market, a citizen of high character and
talent was sent to Europe with no better success ;
and thus the mortifying spectacle has been pre-
sented of the inability of this Government to
obtain a loan so small as not in the whole to
amount to more than one-fourth of its ordi-
nary annual income ; at a time when the Govern-
ments of Europe, although involved in debt, and with
subjects heavily burdened with taxation, readily ob-
tains loans to any amount at a greatly reduced rate
of interest. It would be unprofitable to look further
into this anomalous state of things, but I cannot con-
clude without adding, that for a Government which
has paid off its debts of two wars with the largest
maritime Power of Europe,' and now owing a debt
which is almost next to nothing when compared with
its boundless resources—a Government the strongest
in the world, because emanating from the popular
will, and firmly rooted in the affections of a great and
free people, and whose fidelity to its engagements has
never been questioned ; for such a Government to have
tendered to the capitalists of other countries an op-
portunity for a small investment of its stock, and yet
to have failed, implies either the most unfounded dis-
trust in its good faith, or a purpose, to obtain- which,
the course pursued is the most fatal which could have
been adopted.
It has now become obvious to all men that the Go-
vernment must look to its own means for supplying
its wants, and it is consoling to know that these means
are altogether adequate for the object. The Exche-
quer, if adopted, will greatly aid in bringing about
this result. Upon what I regard as a well-founded
supposition that its bills would be readily sought for
by the public creditors, and that the issue would, in
a short
i time, reach the maximum of 15,000,000 dol-
lars, t is obvious that 10,000,000 dollars would
thereby be added to the available means of the Trea-
tshue great
ryN Vlth;nudt
beneficialeostorl effects
whichargeN
oreawnolulfd b
ailteo uprrgee_
duced in aid of all the active pursuits of life. Its ef-
fects upon the solvent State banks, while it would
force into liquidation those of an opposite character
through its weekly settlements, would be highly be-
neficial ; and with the advantages of a sound currency,
the restoration of confidence and credit would follow,
with a numerous train of blessings. My convictions
are most strong that these benefits would flow from
the adoption of this measure ; but if the result should
be adverse, there is this security in connection with it,
that the law creating it may be repealed at the plea-
sure of the Legislature, without the slightest implica-
tion of its good faith.
I recommend to Congress to take into consideration
the propriety_ of reimbursing a fine imposed on Gen.
Jackson at New Orleans, at the time of the attack
and defence of the city, and paid by him. Without
designing any reflection on the judicial tribunal which
imposed the fine, the remission at this day may be re-
garded as not unjust or inexpedient. The voice of
the civil authority was heard amidst the glitter of
arms, and obeyed by those who held the sword, thereby
giving additional lustre to a memorable military
achievement. If the laws were offended, their majesty
was fully vindicated ; and although the penalty incurred
and paid is worthy of little regard in a pecuniary
point of view, it can hardly be doubted that it would
be gratifying to the war-worn veteran, now in re-
tirement and in the winter of his days, to be relieved
from the circumstances in which that judgment
placed him. There are cases in which public func-
tionaries may be called on to weigh the public interest
against their own personal hazards, and if the civil
law be violated from praiseworthy motives, or an
overruling sense of public danger and public necessity,
punishment may well be restrained within that limit
which asserts and maintains the authority of the
law, and the subjection of the military to the civil
power. The defence of New Orleans, while it saved
the city from the hands of an enemy, placed the name
of General Jackson among those of the greatest cap-
tains of the age, and illustrated one of the brightest
pages of our history. Now that the causes of excite-
ment existing at the time have ceased to operate, it
is believed that the remission of this fine, and what-
ever of gratification that, remission might cause the
eminent man who incurred and paid it, would be in
accordance with the general feelings and wishes of
the Ameiican people.
I have thus, fellow-citizens, acquitted myself of my
duty under the Constitution, by laying before you, as
succinctly as I have been able, the state of the Union,
and by inviting your attention to measures of much
importance to the country. The Executive will most
zealously unite its efforts with those of the Legisla-
tive department in the accomplishment of all that is

The sloop-of-war Falmouth, Capt. Mackintosh, is
now the only United States Government vessel at
Vera Cruz. She was expected to leave shortly for
New Orleans, with 250,000 dols. in specie.
We have not been able to learn the character of the
dispatches brought by Mr. Southall, says the New
Orleans Picayune, but from private letters based upon
the reports which were in circulation in Mexico,
upon good authority, prior to the departure of the
Missouri, we have reason to believe that all our pend-
ing difficulties in relation to claims of American citi-
zens will be most satisfactorily arranged upon terms
compatible with the honour and interest of our coun-
try ; and tile Philadelphia Gazette states that a private
letter of the Bth of Nov., from Mexico, to a gentleman
of that city, interested in the claims against Mexico,
states that a treaty had just been concluded between
the Mexican Government and our Minister, General
Waddy Thompson, for the payment of the awards
made by the late Convention at Washington. The
paymetts to be made in instalments of one-twentieth
every three months, and the proceeds of the Mexican
Custom-house, and of some of the taxes, are pledged
to the American Government for the fulfilment of the
treaty. _ _

General Santa Anna, as we had already learned,
had retired from the capital to his estate in Manga
de Clavo, leaving in his stead General Bravo, as pro-
visional President of the Republic. It was under-
derstood that Santa Anna took this step in conse-
quence of failing health, and designed soon to return
to the capital. Those who saw him shortly before
his departure state that he never looked better. The
flower of the army had been either sent to Yucatan,
or to such points in the department of Vera Cruz as
would enable General Santa Anna to avail himself of
the power of well-trained troops if the occasion re-
quired.

- On the arrival of the news at the city of Mexico of
the taking of San Antonio, and the capture of Van
Ness, Fitzgerald, and others belonging to the Santa
Fe expedition, it is said that an order was sent on to
shoot all such re-captured prisoners on the spot.
Through the interference of General Tornel, however,
this order was countermanded, and Van Ness, Fitz-
gerald, and such others as were known to have been
in the expedition above-mentioned, have had their
sentence commuted to ten years' imprisonment in the
Castle of Perote, one of the coldest and most disagree-
able places in the country.
There was no authentic news at the time of the
Missouri's departure from Vera Cruz, from Yucatan.
The report that the Mexicans had been defeated some
time before was positively contradicted.
The opinion of one of the most int:lligent corre-
spondents of the Picayune, in relation to Yucatan
affairs is, that Campeachy would surrender without
firing a gun. Another gentleman who is well versed
in Mexican affairs, is strongly of the opinion that
there will be a battle, and that it will result in the
entire defeat of Santa Anna's forces. The Mexican
et a rah ocl e h
as
r story.
0 0
d, of the iron
troops commenced their march from Seba Playa to-
wards Campeachy on the 6th inst. The next arrival
willu pprtoobatbhley give
12th, Causthp
steamer Guadaloupe, had not arrived at Vera Cruz,
and was consequently ignorant of his recal by his
Government. Report says that the Mexican Govern-
ment is about to make him an offer of 7,000/. to in-
duce him to throw up his commission in the British
navy, but it is said he will not accede to anything of
the kind.

George S. Curson, Esq., bearer of dispatches to
General Thompson, was met at Perote on the evening
of the 10th inst., on his way to the city of Mexico
in the mail stage.
The English brig-of-war Ringdove has been re-
maining some time at Vera Cruz, waiting for money
to take home. The English Government has a vault
in the Custom-house at Vera Cruz, and takes one-
sixth of all the customs collected. Whenever an
amount sufficient to ship is collected, a vessel is sent
home with it.

11 45 M
6 30E
8 12
daily at
only.

A friend to Astro-Meteorology states his opinion
" that this winter will not only be much more severe
than any we have had of late years, but that the cold
weather will commence soon after the new moon, if
not before. The year will pass out with sharp
weather, whilst from the Ist to the 11th of January
we are likely to experience the lowest temperature for
the next year. About the 3d and 7th days will be
extremely rigorous, with much snow and probabl
win d."—Hampshire Advertiser
DRAYTON MANOR.—The circle assembled at the
seat of Sir It. and Lady Peel separated on Thursday
last, with the exception of Viscount and Viscountess
Villiers. The party comprised Baron Nieumann,
Mr. Everett, Chevalier Bunsen, Earl of Aberdeen,
Earl of Ripon, Lord Fitzgerald, Sir Thomas Fre-
mantle, Bart., and the Right Hon. H. Goulburn.
TORQUAY.—The veteran Reformer, Alderman Sir
Matthew Wood, &c., arrived here for the winter on
Saturday last.— Western Times.

DOWN TRAINS UP TRAINS
Frain Birmingham. Fro:n Gloucester.
Leaves Arrives Arrives
iWor. Chel- at Glob- at Chel. Wor Birmint
-
cester. tenhara. caste-. tenham nester. ham.
/2 4.4 231 250 314 530 6 1 815 940
310 457 522 540 815 835 10 8 11
8451030 11 12 11 25 11 15 11 35 1 4 2 0
P.M.
12 15 158 226 937 1 0 120 247 336
245 434 5 2 515 4 0 420 522 645
715 9 9 942 955 715 735 9 1 945
3 740 9 0 920 10 40 11 30
530 815 926 945 415 450 ... 9 0

TILE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 27, 1842.
_ - - - -
pose so essential, it affords a sound circulating required to relieve the wants of a common constitu- GENERAL RAILWAY INFORMA-
GREAT WESTERN.
I medium to the country and facilities to trade, it ency, or elevate the destiny of a beloved country. TION. OPEN TO TAUNTON.
should be regarded as no slight recommendation of it Washington, Dec. 1842. JOHN TYLER. _______...o._. ; STATIONS, with their Distances from Paddingt m.
to public consideration. Properly guarded by the pro- N.B. in the following Tables M signifies before Noon, and PADDINGTON, Ealing si, Harwell 71, Southall 9, West
The following is the commercial report from the E after it. visions of law, it can run into no dangerous evil, nor Drayton 13, SLOUGH 18, MAIDENHEAD 221, TwyforA 30/,
, BEADING 35/, Pangbourne 41*. Goring 44i, Wallingford
Courier and Enquirer :- ..o.
can any abuse arise under it but such as the Legisla- , Road 471, STEYENTON 56*, Farringdon Road 634, • Shriven •
A better feeling was manifested at the Stock Ex- LONDON AND BIRMINGHAM.
tore itself will be answerable for, if it be tolerated;
change this morning • the sales were large, at a general STATIONS, with their Distances from London. ham 714, SWINDON 77 (Junction with the Cheltenham Rail.
since it is but the creature of the law, and is suscep- ' way), WDOTON BASSET 824, CHIPPENHAM 934, Corsham
LONDON, Harrow 111, WATFORD 174, King's Langley 21, 9B*, Box 1914, BATH 1064, Twerton 108*,
claelvtefodrodn 111 i ki
improvement in prices. States Sevens advanced 3,
table at all times of modification, amendment, or re-
Ohio Sixes i, Illinois it, Indisna .3-, Bank of Com- 13Ro xi
Gm oo r 241, B_F!ekthe aFn p sat enaddB,
FennyT ao
Stratford 311
4A61 1 e
iliviuorlyv4l3ll.l: 1 Kmeyinshranlwl2,lß337STwOLElsTlBol,l NsauilpsEeatt 16* ,
peal at the pleasure of Congress. I know that it has MERE 1364, High-
been -41, Mohawk Railroad -4-, Harlem Railroad 1, and 5n2 riot NR4019,4.13e 1 hls
been objected that the system would be liable to be TON 60, BLIswoRTHS2I, Weedon '691, Crick j briase 1454, BRIDGEWATER 1514-, TAUNTON 1621.
Utica Railroad -I per cent. and Welton 751, RUGBY (Midland Counties Junction) 83,
abused by the Legislature, by whom alone it could Departure Arrival at Arrival at
Southern exchanges were in fair demand, but from Swindon their .be abused, in the party conflicts of the day ; that Brandon 89, COVENTRY 94, Hampton (Derby Junction) 103, DOWN TRAINS
Daily, except Sundays. Paddington. Junction. Destination.
such abuse would manifest itself in a change of the bills were unusually scarce. A moderate business BIRMINGHAM 1121.
Goods Train to Taunton .... 430 Al 10 0 M 855 E
was done. •
Departure Arrival A:rival law which would authorise an excessive issue of paper To Taunton ... . ......... .... 6 0 835 12 35
At the opening of the market foreign exchange was DOWN TRAINS. from at at
for the purpose of inflating prices and winning popu- London. Rugby. Birmingham Ditto .
flat-a reaction however, took place, when an active
-- - Short Train to Mai,:*.shea:?, 9 0
lay favour. To that it may be answered, that the --
business was d'one, closing firm at 1061 to 106 i on 1 OE 4 JOE
ascription of such a motive to Congress is altogether Mixed, to Birmingham ... 6 0 M 930 M 11 15 AI MAIL, to Taunton _ ..' ' .... 10 15
London, and 545t0 5 4')/ on France. Third Class, ditto
gratuitous and inadmissible. The theory of our in-8
0 11 5631 1 45 To Taunton l2 Noon 2 58 6 35 E
Sufficient time has not elapsed since the receipt of Mixed, ditto
the European news per Columbia, to note its effect ..
But a perfect security against a proceeding so reek- Mixed, to Rugby
less, would be found to exist in the very nature of upon our markets. *MAIL, First Class
b have
l Severa sales been things. The political party which should be so blind Cotton remains as before. Mixed, to Birmingham ... 11 0 243 430 To Bristol
closed at the prices offered yesterday. Ditto ditto
to the true interests of the country, as to resort to
such an expedient, would inevitably meet with final
The weather having again assumed a milder aspect, Ditto, to Aylesbury ..... '. 3 0
Ti)O Swindon
has been in but little demand. A few parcels of Ditto, to Biriiingha m... 5 0 838 10 15 MAIL, to Taunton ..........8 55 1135 255 AI
overthrow in the fact that, the moment the paper 6 0 Goods Train to Taunton .... 930 215 AI 10 45
Ohio and Genesee were taken for the eastern markets
ceased to be convertible into specie, or otherwise and city trade, at 4 dolls. 94c. to 5 dolls. Michigan 4,4l‘titto,
AtolixWedolverton
8 30 11 68 1 30 M
SUNDAY DOWN TR AINS. I
promptly redeemed, it would become worthless, and is held at 4 dolls. 84c. to 4 dolls. 87c.,i with small .
*MALL; to York, by Rugby 9 0 12 15 AI
Short Train to Slough
918 M
would, in the end, dishonour the Government, involve sales ; Troy, 4 dolls. 93 c. to 5 dolls.; Pennsylvania, Departure Depar- Arrival To Reading
the people in ruin and such political party in hope- 4 dolls. 75c. to 4 dolls. 871c.-200 barrels sold at UP TRAINS. from ture from at
sinninghana Rugby. London. Short Train to Slough . .... 930
less disgrace. Al the same time, such a view in- MAIL, to Taunton . ...... .. 10 15 10 E 430 E
4 dolls. 75c.; Georgetown, 4 dolls. 87ic.; Baltimore -
volves the utter impossibility of furnishing any cur-
Howard-street, 4 dolls. 873 c. to 5 dolls.; ditto City *Mixed, from Wolverton
-• 939 A''' Short Train to Vaidenhead 5 0
rency other than that of the precious metals, for, if Mills, 4 dolls. 75c. • Alexandria, 4 dolls. 621 c. to Ditto ditto ......
the Government itself cannot forego the temptation of 4 dolls. 75c ; Peters'burgli, 4 dolls. 68 c. to 4 dolls. Ditto from Birmingham... 70 M 823M12 45 E i
A Ail., to Taunton
excessive paper issues, what reliance can be placed Ditto, from Aylesbury
75c. Rye 'Flour, 3 dolls. 12ic. to 3 dolls. 37ic.; and *MAIL, First Class
in corporations upon whom the temptations of indi- UP TRAINS Time I Leave Arrival
Corn Meal, 2 dolls. 56ic. to 2 dolls. 75c. Ashes are Mixed, from Birmingham 10 0 11 17 315 of Swindon at
vidual aggrandisement would most strongly operate? Daily, except Sundays. Starting. Junction. Paddington.
dull at 5 dolls. 37c.i for Pots, and 6 dolls. for Pearls. Ditto ditto l2 Noon 123 E 6 0
The people would have to blame none but themselves Ditto ditto... ll5 E 235 630 Short Train from Reading... 730 M ...........8 55 AI
(From the Courier and Enquirer.)
for any injury that might arise from a course so reek- 1 Ditto, from Rugby ... 4 0 745 Ditto from Slough.... 9 0 ... 945
NEW ORLEANS, Nov. 24, 1842.-The United Third Class, from Birming. 220 413 10 0 From Swindon
less, since their agents would be the wrong-doers, and States' war steam-ship Missouri touched at the Ba- 4 0 517 915
AS=
,Tir:r.ofmrolltildc.i.n.l.7.l. 115
4105
From Bristol
10 28
they the passive spectators.
line on the 22d inst., last from Vera Cruz. Mr. P. Alined,FirstClass, ditto
ditto. 6 0 7 18 11 15
There can be but three kinds of public currency. A. Southall bearer of dispatches from our Minister *MAIL, Mixed. ditto l2 Night 123 M 5 30M 110
Ist, gold and silver ; 2d, the paper of State institu- at Mexico, came by this opportunity, and proceeds *Mixed, from,lthuegby
Sunday Trains are markleds*. 5 0 Short Tr. from Maidenhead 345 E
Goods Train from Taunton.. 730 M 540 E 12 0
tions ;or 3d, a representative of the precious metals, this morning to 'Washington. The nature of the From Taunton
In addition to those marked, there is a Mixed Train leaves
provided by the general Government, or under its intelligence which he conveys, as a matter of course, Ditto
Birmingham on Sundays at 130 E, calling at all the Stations, authority. The Sub-Treasury system rejected the has not transpired, but from the tenor of letters re- and arriving in London at 730 E. From Taunton .. l2 30 E 420 7 5
last in any form; and, as it was believed that no re- Short Tr. from Maidenhead 8 0 ... ... 9 0
ceived from Mexico, I am inclined to believe that -
fiance could be placed on the issues of local institu- From Taunton
the two Governments will come to an amicable ar- BIRMINGHAM AND DERBY.
tions, for the purposes of general circulation, it ne- MAIL, from Taunton
rangement in relation to the disputed points at issue.
cessarily and unavoidably adopted specie as the ex- The Missouri brought 14,000 dols. in specie, and I DOWN. UP.
elusive currency for its own use. And this must learn that the United States sloop of war Falmouth Departure' Arrival i Departure Arrival SUNDAY UP TRAINS.
ever be the case unless one of the other kinds be used. was to leave Vera Cruz towards the end of the monthat fir. Short Train from Slough 8 0 AITRAINS, from. Bir. at TRAINS.
rtl'errmbny.
in.ng. 3
.... 8 4531
The choice, in the present state of public sentiment, with about 300,000 dols. for this city. This morning's - mingham. Derby. I , hm• From Swindon
lies between an exclusive specie currency on the one Picayune contains some further items of news, to *MAIL .... 12 3031 215 M *Mixed,.. 820Al10 20 AI MAIL, from Taunton
Short Train from Slough
hand, and Government issues of some kind on the which I would call your attention. *Mixed,- 7 0 850 I Ditto... 11 45 145 E From Taunton . •12 30 420 E 7 20
other. That these issues cannot be made by a char- In commercial matters some changes have occurred 2d 10 30 12 15 E 1 Ditto.._. 130 E 3_
2200
Di Tr. 7 30
Short from Maidenhead
tered institution, is supposed to be conclusively set- I stCtss 125 E 315 Ist &2d ... 430 Oi
since I last addressed you ; the cotton market within Trains 4 0 554 *MAIL ...11 0 12 45 AI tto from Reading .... 9 0
tied. They must be made, then, directly by Govern- the last few days has been very inactive, . and prices Mixed 615 815 i i MAIL, from Taunton ....... 11 15 235 AI 5 233,11
ment agents. For several years they have been thus The Short Trains stop at all the intervening Stations-
of middling qualities have given way ic• to ic. The The Trains marked * run on Sundays, in addition to which
made in the form of Treasury notes, and have an • sales yesterday reached 1,800 bales. I quote midd- Trains leave Birmingham and Derby at 530 E, and arrive at
swered a valuable purpose. Their usefulness has lings sic. to 6c. • middling fair, 61c. to 6.1 c. either place at 715 E. SOUTH WESTERN.
been limited by their being transient and temporary ; ...................... STATIONS, with their Distances from Nine Elms.
There is a good demand for Snow, but it is more of
their ceasing to bear interest at given periods notes- MIDLAND COUNTIES. NINE Elms, Wandsworth 3, Wimbledon 6, KINGSTON 10,
a speculative nature, very little having changed hands Esher and Hampton Court 13, Walton 151, Weybridge 171,
sarily causes their speed return, and thus restricts for shipment. I quote 3c. to Sc. as the extreme of STATIONS, with their Distances from Rugby. WosiNo 23, Farnborough 311, Winchfield 38, .BA SlNG-
their range of circulation rand being used only in the
wroxE 46, Andover Road 56, WINCHESTER 64, Bishopstoke
the market. RUGBY, ULLESTHORPE 74, Broughton-Astley 11, Wig-
disbursements of Government, they cannot reach those stonl6l, LEICESTER 20, SYSTON 244, Sileby 274, Barrow 30, (Gosport Junction) 72, SOU'PHAMPTON 77, Bottley 77, Fare-
In flour there is scarcely anything doing; the LOUGHBOROUGH 321, Kegworth (Nottingham Junction) 37*, points where they are most required. By renderingham 82, GOSPORT 87.
their use permanent receipts continue small, and prices are in consequence Sawley 42*, Borrowash 45*, DERBY 49i.
,to the moderate extent already sustained at 3 dols. 75c. for superfine; choice bakers'
mentioned, by offering no inducement for their re •DOWN
brands 3 duls. 871 c. The sales are merely in retail. I UP. DOWN TRAINS. from Southamp- at
turn, and by exchanging them for coin and other va- - Nine Elms. ton. Gosport.
Exchange has again declined, as I anticipated in my Departure Arrival Departure Arrival ------
lues, they will constitute, to a certain extent, the TRAINS. t m t TRAINS. from at Mixed Train 7O M 10 20 M I 0 45 M
former communications, and sixty day bills on your R.urogliy. Derbya 1 Derby. Rugby. Ditto ...... ........ .. 9 0 12 .50 E 10 E
general currency so much needed to maintain the city were sold yesterday at 3f per. cent. discount. ______ ____
______ _____ ....__ _______ Fast Train ... ll 0 2 0 225
internal trade of the country. And this is the ex- Ist
Slight checks 1 per cent discount. Sterling is diffi-
chequer plan, so far as it may operate in furnishing a 945 12 10 E; 2d
cult of sale at 21 to 21 per cent. premium. Francs 3d2d --- Fast Train
currency. _
ardi nf r. c.S Thn Inrs+.., .-st' .1-..-. TT.:,-... 0:4.... .......1 ri 12 50 E 315 11 3d

rtonlOi, LEICESTER :::1.1, YSTON -24-*, nneoy Zit, narrow 30, (GosportJunction) 72, SOU'THAMPTON 77, Boliley. 77,5"; e:
In flour there is scarcely anything doing ; the LOUGHBOROUGH 32i, Kegworth (Nottingham Junction) 37*,ham82, GOSPORT 87.
G
receipts continue small, and prices are in consequence Sawley 42*, Borrowash 45*, DERBY 49*•
sustained at 3 dols. 75c. for superfine; choice bakers'
DOWN
r - at
brands 3 dols. 87f c. The sales are merely in retail. - Nine Elms. ton. Gosport.
Exchange has again declined, as I anticipated in my TRAINS.fr Departure Arrival Departure Arrival -------- -
Deform at TRAINS. from Mixed Tram 7O M 10 20 M IO 45 M
former communications, and sixty day bills on your Rugby. Derby 1 Derby. Rugby, Ditto ...... ........
city were sold yesterday at 3f per. cent. discount. - --. -.......-. -- -- -- Fast Train .... ll 0 2 8 225
Ist
Slight checks 1 per cent discount. Sterling is dia.
2d ...... 945 12 10 E,' 2d
cult of sale at 2i to 21 per cent. premium. Francs 3d
Mixed Train 3 0
50 6 0
8 30 6 5.5
9 0
dull at 5 55. The notes of the Union, City, and Corn- 4th 250 530 E 1 4th ......4 40 7 0 MAIL 't
30 11 57 N. 32 M
mercial Banks are now redeemed in specie at their re- sth ll 45 10 50 il sth 730 10 0 Goods Train
spective counters, and on the sth proximo they will 6th Mail 12 20 M 249 M , 6th Mail 10 40 12 50 M Mixed
e.aNnDAYS.
10 0 M 1 45 E 2 10 E
ON SUNDAYS. Ditto
resume on ail their liabilities.
The weather continues very cold; this morning 21sdt ...... 730 M 10 OM Ist ...... 645 M 930 E MAIL
8 20
12 15 E 230 E 2d
at 24, 414, and 554
there was a severe hoar frost. Yours L. 34
The prize fighters were sentenced yesterday in 4th
Westchester county, by Judge Ruggles, as follows : The times of arriving at and departing from Nottingham and Denarture Departure Arrival
-Sullivan, two years at hard labour in the State Derby are nearly the same. UP TRAINS. from from South. at
Gosport. amptan. Nine Elms. ~.. ..
Prison ; M ...‘.
.Cleester, eight months in the County Jail, NORTH MIDLAND. -
and to pay a fine of 500 dollars ; and Kensett, four
(IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE MIDLAND COUN- Mixed Train 630 7 0 10 30 MAIL
months in the County Jail, and to pay a fine of 200
8 15 9 15 3 15 E
dollars. TERTIES,ANDBIR M ISNRGEHF AF ikl
El
LADN,D
MANCHESTER DER BY , A! A N.. CHA EN SD-
mGo:(todirrTariranaiinn
8 30
10 30 9 0
11 0 12 30
2 0
BANK FAILURE.--The Macon (Geo.) Messenger of LEEDS, HULL AND SELBY, AND THE GREAT Mixed Train l2 30 E 10 E 430
the 25th of November announces the failure of the NORTH OF ENGLAND.) Fast Train 2 311 3 8 6 0
Ocmulgee Bank, at that lace. Mixed Train 530 6 0 9 15
pace. A letter from Macon DOWN TRAINS. Goods Train
speaking of the event, says, " This will no doubt Departure from 1 Arrival at
MAIL SUNDAYS,
. 1 35 Al 2 15 M 5 25 M
prove a bad failure, and the public will have to pocket
I
Ditto
the loss of about 100,000 dollars." Dab, Sheffield. Sheffielill Leeds. Man Darling-York.cheste.r. ton. Short Trains leave Woking daily4ar 7Zllf, 1145, 50%Eand 714 iF.4.5 Sun-
LATER FROM MEXICO. 3 1 51
7 25M
The United States steam-frigate Missouri, Captain 6158 45 19'3011 ... •••••
Newton, arrived at Balize on Monday night last, and 930 10 45 'll 45 1 15E 50E2 OE 5 15E STATIONS, with their Distances from London Bridge.
after landing several passengers, proceeded to Pensa- 12 45E 2 OE 2 45E 4 0 635 445 7 0 .
LONDON, New Cross 3, CROYDON 10/, Godstone Road 13i,
cola. The Missouri left Vera Cruz on the 14th inst., 345 430 530 7 0 845 745 Stoat's Nest 14i, Merstham 19i, RED HILL 21*, Herley 2.5 i
4 0 530 630 815 10 0
THREE BRIDGES 29i, Balcombe 33i, HaYwAan's HEATH
experiencing very heavy weather and a severe gale on
her passage, but rode it out in admirable style, and 0 730 815 945 374, Hassock's Gate 43i, BRIGHTON 50i.
SUNDAYS.
has proved herself an excellent sea vessel. 3 19E
7 15E 930 8 OE
12 Neon DOWN. London. Brighton. UP. Brighton. London.
Among the passengers who landed at the Balize,
37 OM
4S
3045 EM
are Brantz Mayer, Esq., United States Secretary ofMixed . .... 745 M 10 15 M From Croy.
MAIL. First 9 30
Legation at Mexico; P. A. Southall, Esq., bearer of os• The Down Trains arrive at Hull in about tics hours Class
595
30456EEM 1161
11591%El 1 OE
ToCroydon 10 45 ,First Class 0 0 11 0
",------------------ -------._._----!------x Mixed ..., 11 45 215 E (Mixed
By the Missouri also came passengers, six of the TJP TRAINS. Ditto
Santa Fe prisoners. Ditto
First Class 450 630 First Class 33U 530
The sloop-of-war Falmouth, Capt. Mackintosh, is Departure from Arrival at Mixed ..... 6 0 S3O Mixed 6 0 830
~, now the only United States Government vessel at D i _ ___
,'
f Goods 9 0 12 SO M , Goods 9 0 12 30 31
Vera Cruz. She was expected to leave shortly for atronin.g. York.
chests-i l i
Leeds. Sheffield. Sheffield. Derby. ToCroydonsu9 30
NDAYS. i
From SUNDAYS.
New Orleans, with 250,000 dols. in specie. ._ .... .. 6 OM 7 3531 8 1531 10 15M Mixed
45M 7 OM 930 10 45 ,11 45 12 45E
,I Croydon
.7 30 11 45 i 9 30 11 15 Ditto
We have not been able to learn the character of the
dispatches brought by Mr. Southall, says the New 96 115511112$ Noon 10 01OE2 OE I 2 45E 415 ToCroydon 10 0 Ditto 6 0 820 1
Orleans Picayune, but from private letters based upon 12 15E 3OE 1 10E 405 30 630 li 15 SitilaOuißLEillyi hat BRANCH.-Mixed Tartaills leave Brighton for Shore_ ,
the reports which were in circulation in Mexico, 330 619 445 7 9 fl 2 845 10 9 . On Sundays at 9 OM, and at 2 15, 3 45, 5 15, and 6 45E.
upon good authority, prior to the departure of the SUNDAYS, From Shoreham for Brighton at 11 30 and 1030 M, and at 10, 331,
Missouri, we have reason to believe that all our pend-
sSus;oldpay,,st aatillOtat:trgn2v 4k
e 4 il?;stlAasans 1T tii.a t LE.s
ing difficulties in relation to claims of American citi-
3 30E 6 19E1 798129 0 10 9 ' 91:::=X=iziii=.1:13111111C zens will be most satisfactorily arranged upon terms •.• Trains leave Hull for Derby daily at 6* and 11M, and LONDON AND DOVER.
compatible with the honour and interest of our coun- at 2* and SE. On Sundays at 5E only. OPEN TO A RIIVOI2II CT a TIAN

DOWN '
Departure from
London.

9 30 M
11 30
1 30 E
4 0
5 30

SUN]
9 nM
1 30 k:
6 0

UP TI
Departure from
Ashford.

.AI NS.
Arrival in
London.

9 45 111
1 0 E
3 39
7 15
10 20

,AYS,
10 50 M
4 50 E
0 20