The Sun.
London, England, 1842-12-01 00:00:00

.hsolit

LONDON :
THURSDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 1, 1842.

The war with China being now brought to an
honourable and satisfactory conclusion, we pre-
sent our readers this day with a comprehensive
account of the country, and varied details of the
late, operations, together with a map, in which
are laid down all the principal rivers and cities
of that vast empire, and the five ports opened
to British commerce. The origin of the war is
well known, and it is therefore needless to refer
to that subject. What distinguishes it from all
other contests with different nations is, the uni-
form SUCCC99 which in every encounter with the
Chinese followed the British arms. From
the capture of Canton, to signing the treaty of
peace off Nankin, not the slightest defeat has
been sustained, and, with only one exception, the
determined stand made by the Tartars at Chin-
keang-foo, the English met with little or no re-
sistance. As a natural consequence, the loss of
life among the British troops has been equally
small. Though the war has been continued for
nearly three years, we had fewer men killed
during that period, in the course of ten or twelve
engagements, then sometimes fell one obscure
battle in the Peninsula. Indeed, the onil;" real
fighting took place at Woo-sung, and in the
Yang-tze-keang River, when the Tartar troops
made their last desperate and nnsuccessful
effort. If the cost has been small, the results
are great almost beyond conception. The En-
glish have a line of coast thrown open to them
from Canton to Shanghae, a distance of from a
thousand to fifteen hundred miles, with five ex-
cellent harbours, fit emporiums of trade for the
adjoining districts and tile numerous islands in
the Chinese seas. They are to be placed on a
footing with the subjects of the EMPEROR; Con-
suls are to be appointed at each place to watch
over British interests; and, in addition to all
these important concessions, complete compen-
sation is to be made for the expenses of the
war and the wanton destruction of property.
With,these advantages, so different from what
England ever enjoyed in China, we may reason-
ably expect a great increase of trade both as
regards imports and exports. Tea may be ob-
tained cheaper, a new field for the silk trade
will be opened up, and it is not therefore to be
wondered at that the commercial circles of Eng-
land hail With hope the prospect afforded to
them by the proposed new channels of trade
with China. China seems to have been
a inply supplied by nature with every
requisite for clothing but wool. The pecu-
liar husbandry of the Chinese prevents their
breeding either horned cattle or sheep, and
hence, although amply supplied with silk, the
inhabitants of the northern provinces shield
themselves from the inclemencies of the winter
months by wearing the richer, expensive, and
rare, and the poorer classes cheaper—kinds
fur. The great trade of Russia with China is
fur in exchange for silk. What a field
thus opens for British commerce ! The
vast plains of Australia can produce an unli-
mited supply of wool, and the power-loom ma-
chinery of England can weave and supply wool•
len fabrics at a price less than any nation in the
world. If we refer to the statistics of the East
India Company's trade we shall find that their
principal trade has been in woollen cloths ; and
as the Zollverein are excluding these manufac-
tures, not only for the protection of their own
trade, but also because the manufacturers of
England supply themselves with wool from

_
Australia, instead of using the fleeces
grown upon the fields of the German States, this
new market will employ our mills and thousands
of our operatives. Again, France has hitherto,
from the raw material supplied to her from
the silk-growing States of the Mediterranean,
had a large trade in manufactured silks ; and the
Russians receive large supplies of silk, both raw
and manufactured, through Kiateha. and Mait-

nuiehoui. ilinerieant; are also jm.
NlttaS of manufactured silk but when
Great Britain !!‘ ctitiiblished pore; tat
Ning-po illlcl Ftunitlidlif Mitt§ silliattd in
the centre of the silk,growing eistows
Tche-Keang, it is but 4 rar illroooet, thikkoi ertith
past eVehts) that it vviii he cheaper for the Itu&=
sians to supply themselves in the Markets of
England, than to intuP the heavy eXpense
1,000 miles of land an 4 a.; we ~ce•' •
that the steam machinery of _England CiAit C(nit-
pete with the cheap labour of India, and lin
driven the cheap native 'manufacturer of cotton
cloths froM his native coirkets, the day may not
be very far distant when the silks of China will
be exported to England, and the ma nufaciured
product sold in the China market heloi,v theprices
at which the Cl::iiese can warmth( In-
deed, the ,silh zpanufacture alone o!,1 ens vat
field to .hnglish enterprise. Millis s oney
•

were paid to Great Britain during the last thirty
years for her manufactured cottons; but as the
world has advanced in luxury and civilisation, the
consumption of silk has much increased, and the
coarser, cotton fabrics find a market only in the
poorer States. or States little advanced in civilisa-
Jim ; and as the, circle of manufactured cottons is
narrowed, and as America advances in the ma-
nufacture of her own staple, a new market may
be about to open to our mill-owners for the more
costly manufacture, and Great Britain may, as
she has hitherto done, take the lead in manufac-
tures adapted to the advance of the age, and the
silk trade of China become as great as the cotton
trade with America.

The Chinese market has demanded large sup-
plies of our metallic produce. Copper has always
sold well ; and, as a long period tnust elapse be-
fore other nations will be able to compete with
us in the supply of smelted metals, Eng-
land, by availing herself of her present position,
will secure to herself alone the sterling com-
merce derivable from this important and ex-
tensive trade.

The City people are beginning to discuss the pro-
bability of abolishing the Bank Charter, and they
state confidently that some measure will be intro-
duced by the PEEL Administration to place the
currency on a sound footing. We hope that
the advice of other persons than City money
dealers will be taken before any new measure
shall be passed affecting all the property of the
empire. For thirty years has the subject of the
Currency teen incessantly agitated without pro-
ducing a unanimity of opinion even on its prin-
ciples. For a much longer period have succes-
sive Administrations tinkered at the currency,
acting in the darkest ignorance of all known
principles, or wilfully setting them and setting
honesty at defiance. The results have been a
prodigious number of unreadable blue books, and
countless pamphlets; with great confusion and
misery, from 'successive arbitrary, changes in the
standard of value. No subject is more im-
portant or more delicate, and the public will
require that it be most tendeiqy and cautiously
handled.

A Tory scribe has the shamelessness, in ad.
verting to this question, to speak of the Whigs as
having been unable to deal justly and properly
with it, because they were exposed to a pressure
from without, and to boast of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S
power as enabling the Tories to settle this and
every other question as sound 'policy dictates,
without regard to any other considerations. At
the same time we are reminded that the bank-
ing system ofSeotland is an exception to the ge-
neral system. Is it possible that the Tories of
the present day have lost all recollection of
what occurred in 1826 ? At that period, when
their power was greatest, they were completely
defeated in an attempt to abrogate the Scotch
system, and the bankers north of the Tweed,
aided by SirW. SCOTT, writing under the signature
of " MALAGROWTHER," completely defeated the
EarIofLIVERPOOL'S Administration. Mr. CROKER
tried sundry tilts with the Novelist, and was as
often cast to the ground. We make no objections
to the Scotch system; but, be it good or bad, it
exists in spite of the Tories, who would fain
have destroyed it in 1826, and were obliged to
allow it to remain. Till this day it exists, a mo-
nument of their inability to put down a powerful
interest, which they said was inimical to the
public welfare.

That, however, was neither the first nor the
last instance of their being compelled to do what
they disliked. Before that they had been forced,
contrary to their declared opinion, to amend our
sanguinary criminal code; and after that, in 1828,
they were obliged, against their inclination, to sa-
crifice the Test and Corporation Acts. In 1829
they yielded Catholic Emancipation to gentle
pressure; and in 1832, when restored for a mo-
ment to office, it was on a condition which they
accepted, that they should grant Parliamentary
Reform, though they had opposed it all their
lives. Again in office, dgain they are proposing,
from the compulsion of circumstances, the very
measures they took office to resist. A more
squeezable set of gentlemen, in fact, than your
high-minded Tories, and men less to be relied on
to follow out a policy they have advocated, never
had possession of the Treasury; and we shall
take care never to mock ourselves and the public
by calling them a Government. They area mere
Administration, and the not-wanted Income-tax
with which they have plagued society, is a proof
that they are a very bad Administration.

Accounts have been received from Madrid of
the 22d instant, and from Barcelona to the 25th.
The bombardment, which was to commence on
the 24th, had been suspended, and negotiations
had commenced between General VAN HALED;
and the Junta. Foreigners generally bad gone
ou hoard the vessels in the harbour, but the
EnglisL and French Consuls still remained in the
city. CA AIPIt f.DON had recognised the Junta
The REGENT, betb:e leaving Madrid, reviewed
the National Guards, ah:.d was received both by
them and the citizens gene: ally with great en-
thusiasm. The Cortes had been prorogued till
his return, in order, no doubt, to preveLlt seditious
harangues respecting the, insurrection at: Bar-
celona. Previous to the prorogation, CALATRAYA
laid before the Chambers, by order of the RE..
GEN T, a
,succinct account of the national debt,
with the proposed means for meeting the defi-
ciences of the revenue. It would be difficult,
however, to give a satisfactory outline of his
speech, and we shall, therefore, give it entire on
the first opportunity, merely stating that if the
proposed plans were carried into effect there
would remain a deficit of only 42,000,000 reals.
The Three per Cents. were done at 21t for cash,
and 22 at 60 days, with i•premiurn, for 2,200,000
reals; and the Five per Cents. at 251 for cash, and
261 1 k 3-16 at 60 days, for 36,200,000 reals.

The articles in the Paris papers relate almost
entirely to the election of a Deputy for the first
arrondissement, and the affairs of Barcelona. The
election was to commence yesterday, and close
this days The contest was between General
JACQUEMINOT and M. PORTALIS, all the other
candidates having retired. It was generally be-
lieved that the fbrmer would be elected. In al-
luding to the insurrection at Barcelona, the Na-
tional says, that, whatever may be the origin of
the outbreak, the Chriitinos are trying to turn it
to their own profit. They predominate in the
Junta, as three-fourths of the men on the list,
are known to belong to the moderate party, and
these are openly devoted to MARIA CHRISTINA.
BOURSE---PARIS, MONDAY, NOVEMBER 28.
First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French Five per Cents. 118 95... 119 ... 118 90... 118 90
Pour per Cents. 101 50... 101 50.. 101 50... 101 50
• 3 per Cents.... 89 40... 80 40... 80 25... 80 25
Bank of France 3300 —.3302 50...3300 .. UM 50
LAIR° Bank 0,000f...5080 .•.5080 ..5080
Belgian Bank
Belgian Fives
1840 lO4 ... 104 i ... 104 ... 104
Spanish Active 23 23 ... 23 ... 23
Passive ...... 3; „, Si ... 3i ... a'
Portuguese Fives
... 6;; 31* 31
Neapolitan
Roman, ... 104 i 10.111 104 ... 104
RAILWAY SHARES.
St. Germain .. . 825 ... 828 4.. 825 ... 825
Versailles, L.B B7 50... 87 60.., 87 50... 87 50
Rouen
Orleans. 5BB 75... 588 75... 587 50.„ 587 50
Strasburg to Bale 202 50... 202 50... 201 25... 201 25

DUTCH FUND.—AMSTERDAM, Nov. 2F.
Aloney. HUM.
Actual Delt, '23y per Cent a% 52%
Jitto, ditto 5 per cent
Anion Syndic, 434 per cent 9 ;71 nu r 44
•2

JAto, ditto, ag, per cost mu .... 1754
Commercial Company, 4,' Fer cent 133% ,34,
Loan lei 37, 5 per cent. '2
, .„.. 1,9% 101 k
ZxcNtile en London, One month ......
....
.h
'''
12 !
s
Two month .. ..... I.
• Rambla:ff. One month O5 tn.,:
es*lllenths .... A d 434
Dutch Papers, Nov. 0,
11410V11.•Pti DORSEN lIALLE, Nov. QS.
• 131118. Money'
Atistilaft t I:e't Ghi4. — 110
/Valli tireg.,...e...,....... 1620
4flgt4,._.±kotoi kt 0...,, ................ .. ..... : . /eBs6 108%
liussian ,51..,r Cent, ISt stiles, Certificate. ..... 103%
tis..!lipti.an, ISt EetiOA .......... . ...................... 193
Thassian 5 per Cent. Hope gird Co., 04 and 4th
PletieS.. ............. ......... .................
aildla Certificates .............................. .
New- per ~:ent. (154 q).... ...... ....
I
Dutch Actual Oeht.s •..];4, per Cent. ......... .....„ 51 'Ai 51
Ditto • per Cent. —
Polish Bonds
New Tickets —
A.nglo.llanish Loan, 3 per Cent. Bl B.lli
Spanish, New 5 p:T Cents,
EXCHANGES ON LONDON'.
14 fe cc.
...... .....
HANIIIMIGH, Nov. 25-13 9, Two months 13 r4n.,
PETERSBIJKO Nov, 13.—Three months, 37
MIGIA, 1•19 Y. '9.,•Thlee Months, 3 .
pRUSSIAN FUNDS.—Bytturt, Nov. 24.
1
St. SAulki Sch., 4 per cent. . ...... ..... ... 1041%. tfly
Prussian English Bonds, 1630, 1 per cent I1!2%1 4%
Exchange on LendOn
Prussian Stale Gootte 5
• Nov.. •