The Sun.
London, England, 1842-01-29 00:00:00

7tHE LOI4DOisr, SATUADAt JAVLIAM 201 1842.

pealers with some modification of the existing
system, and he may even have recourse to the
Whigs to enable him to carry a fixed duty.
Our friends must be prepared to resist all coax-
ing compromising schemes, and, in order to carry
the people with them, must stand up for justice
—nothing less, and nothing more, than justice.
They must set a good example, and they will
very soon have the bulk of the nation for followers.

In a few days, the plans which the stupendous
wisdom of all the wise men in office have devised
for remedying the national evils, will be laid
before the public. The disease is violent, and
trifling remedies will not cure it. If the great
Physician be not prepared with comprehensive
and just measures, he will soon be hooted out of
place, and, where he expects a triumph, he
will meet only shame, derision, and mortifica-
tion. We believe that such will be his fate; and
the same blow which extinguishes the Corn-
laws, will extinguish him as a statesman, and
extinguish Toryism for ever.

Madrid papers of the 17th and 18th inst. have
reached us. In the Senate, on those days, the
debates on the project of address in reply to the
REGENT'S speech had commenced. The discus-
sion in the Deputies was to begin on the 20th.
Senor CAMPUZANO opened the debate in the
Senate on the 17th. Senor MARLIANI made
a very long speech, to prove the connection
between Louts PHILIPPE and the Christino in.
surrection, for the purpose of placing one of his
sons on the Spanish throne. He added that he
was convinced that there were more conspiracies
than ever now going on in Paris. He stated a
curious fact, if true, which went to establish that

M. PAGEOT, the French Charge d'Affaires, was
aware of the attempt on the Royal Palace, on
the night of October 7, before it was made. Senor
MARLIANI also contended that M. DE SALVANDY
had been sent to Madrid as Ambassador, not by
the appointment of M. GUIZOT, but by the de-
Sire of the King of the FRENCH, to answer his
dynastic objects. The speech of Senor MAR-
LIANI produced a great sensation.
Senor GVNZALES, President of the Council and
Minister for Foreign Affairs, followed Senor
MARLIANI. The Minister argued that the Cortes
would take care that no foreign Prince came
to the Spanish Throne without the legislative
consent, for Queen ISA LELLA could not marry
without that authority. The Madrid Cabinet,
he said, could not enter into what might be
the intentions at the Tuileries, when there were
no facts or documents existing ; but he would
declare, that only the general interests of the
country should be regarded when the question of
the Royal marriage should be brought forward
at its proper period. He declined, for the pre-
sent to accede to Senor MARLIANI'S demand
for the production of the correspondence relative
to the credentials of M. BE SALVANDY. He,
however, would state, in reply to the preceding
orator, that the French Ambassador had declared
to him that be had no private instructions
from his Government, and that France had no
intention to interfere with the internal affairs of
Spain. The situation of affairs arising from
the misunderstanding was grave and delicate,
but no unnecessary alarm ought to be spread on
the subject. Senor HEROS next spoke, and took
the .same view as Senor MARLIANI in respect to
the conduct of Louis PHILIPPE. The debate
was then adjourned, and resumed on the 18th
by Senor CORDONIN and Senor HEnos. The
Senate voted eight paragraphs, without amend-
ments. The debate was adjourned till the 19th,
when it was expected to close.
On the Madrid Bourse, on the 18th, five 'bar-
gains for four millions were done in the Threes,
at 221, and j, with k p. for 60 days; twenty-one
bargains for 12,204,000 reals in the Fives, at 32k,
33 for cash, 33;1 4, for 60 days.

The Paris Journals of Tuesday,' delayed by the
stormy state of the weather, together with the
whole of Wednesday's Journals, have been re-
ceived. Tuesday's Journals differ considerably
upon the character of the vote of the Chamber
of Deputies adopting M. JACQUES LEFEBRE'S
amendment upon the fourth paragraph of
the Address, the text of which is given in
our foreign summary. In order that the
question may be better understood by the
general reader, we may remark that three
amendments upon this paragraph, more or less
censuring the Right of Search Treaty, were
proposed to the Chamber. These appeared too
decided in their tone to please the supporters of
the Government, and M. LEFEBRE then hit upon
a fourth, recommending caution in the execution
of the Treaty, to which all parties assented. The
vote, in point of fact, is a plain demonstration of
the opinion of the Chamber that great prudence
is necessary, and some suspicion warrantable,' on
the part of France, as regards the motives which
have induced the British Government to propose
a reciprocation of the right of maritime search in
connection with the proceedings against the slave
trade. M. GUIZOT on Monday made a very able
speech upon this question, in answer to the one
delivered by M. BERRYER. The Royalist De-
puty having said that the ratification of a
right of search treaty would be tantamount
to a declaration of war on the part of Eng.
land against the United States, as the Eng-
lish armed with such a treaty would execute it
by force, M. GUIZOT in reply said :—" I wish it
were in my power to induce the United States to
become a party to the Convention, for my suc-
cess would do honour to my country, and render
a great service to humanity. But GOD forbid that
the slightest constraint should be used in order
to compel any nation to become a party to the
treaty. The United States are free and will
remain so. On the day when they shall have
conceded to the Convention they will have per-
formed a noble work, for they will then have ac-
complished the abolition of the trade in the
whole world. But do not let it be:imagined for
a moment that a freedbm of the-seas will be in-
volved in this cryntion. That will remain as it was.
The slave-fLude has no connection with the
question of the freedom of the seas, for, like pi-
rac,i, this traffic is excluded from all common
right. It has been assimilated also to the recog-
' nised right which exists in the case of the ,
contraband of war. Are you willing that
the" traffic in human flesh should be treated
with the rigour which in the case of the
(
contraband trade of war is admitted by all the
world? And does this exception to the great
principle of the freedom of the seas affect that
principle? No, Gentlemen, on the contrary ; the
principle is rendered more sacred by the excep-
tion." M. GUIZOT then alluded to his duty
to the Crown. He said that, although he did
not regard the ratification of the treaty as a
mere formality, and felt himself bound to pay
' respectful attention to the opinions of the Cham-
ber he must not for a moment leave it to be
imagined that the right of the Crown to ratify,
or not ratify, could be affected by any pro-
ceedings elsewhere. There was nothing, he
said, more serious than for a Government
to say to Powers with which it had friendly
relations—" What we proposed to you three
years .
'll not ratify now." This was no
ag
we
wi

only serious as regarded the Government, bu

also as regarded the honour of the country. M.
GUIZOT concluded by saying that the rights of
the Crown would remain entire, and that when

the Chamber should have expressed its opinion,
the Government would decide upon its own re-

spousibility.

The following interesting debate on the Span-
ish etiquette question, on which we shall have
something to say hereafter, is reported in the
Journals of Wednesday :
CHAMBER OF DEPUTIES, JAN. 25.
The President took the chair at Half-past One.
The Order of the Day was the adjourneddiscussion on
the address.

M. Gustave de Beaumont proposed the following ad-
ditional paragraph to stand as paragraph 7 :---
"She (France) hopes that the differences which have
unhappily arisen between the Governments of France
and Spain will not seriously derange the union of the
two countries, and that; recalling to mind the great in-
ti,•rests which connect them, and the .eominon principle
of their institutions, they will put'a speedy end to.diar-
(aces which are without any deep or national cause,"
M. Gustavede Beaumont began by expressing his as-

tonishment at the silence maintained by the speech from
the throne, and the address on the Spanish question, and
said that, whilst he admitted the propriety of diplomatic
reserve in all cases where danger and inconveeletice
were to be apprehended from disclosures, he could
not refrain from calling the attention of the Cham-
ber to facts which were no longer a secret to the
world, but with respect to which there was reason
to fear that an incorrect view had been taken by
the Cabinet. He could easily understand that the French
Government was, after what had passed, in bad odour
with that of Spain ; but such as the relations between
the two Governments were, he could see nothing in
them of sufficient gravity to warrant a rupture between
the two countries.—(Applause from the Left.) The
Honourable Deputy inquired why, considering the pecu-
liar position of the Regent of Spain, and the desire of the
French Government as to the mode of accrediting. an
Ambassador, a simple Charge d'Affaires had not been
sent to Spain. The Governmentmust have known that the
distinction between a Charge d'Affaires and an Ambassa-
dor consisted, in the fact, ehat the relationssef a Minister
Plenipotentiary are simply with the Government, whereas
an Ambassador has the right of establishing relations
with the Royal personages at the head of the Govern-
ment ; consequently, the appointment of an Ambas-
sador is a mark of respect towards the head of the Go-
vernment. If it was not intended to pay this re-
spect to the Government of Spain, why was an A4as-
seder appointed in this case ? He did not believe that it
was predetermined to create difficulty and embarassment
on a question of etiquette ; but it was not the less
true that the difficulty had been created. The French
Cabinet ought to have reflected that the first and grand
object was to draw closer the relations between the two
Governments, and he must be permitted to observe that
the way to do this was not to deny the character of the
person who was at the head of affairs in Spain. The
lion. Deputy repeated that the struggle for dignity,
which had been made in the affair ofM. de Salvandy by the
French Government, was wholly founded in error, for
no indignity could have arisen from the presenting of his
letters of credence to the Regent. In vain, said M.
Gustave de Beaumont, in conclusion, would Spain seek
to ally itself with a more disinterested nation than
France ; in vain would France seek for a more safe ally
than Spain.
M. Guizot—l ought, perhaps, to refuse to enter upon
the discussion called for by- the Honourable Deputy who
has just spoken, for his observations turn upon a question
which is still pending, and which may from one moment
to another assume a different complexion. But fearing
lest my silence should be made a pretext to deceive, and
lead the Spanish nation into error, I have made up my
mind to speak. The amendment which has been pro-
posed to you appears to me to be full of inconvenience as
regards the French Government, Spain, and the %am-
ber itself. The Chamber will recal to mind at what pe-
riod the Cabinet of the 29th October entered into relations
with the Spanish Government; it was just after the revo-
lution of September. The Chamber knows that anti-French
movements accompanied this revolution. I could reveal
the causes of them,. but I will not do so; I shall confine
myself to the bare fact. The policy of the Government
has been to keep up friendly relations with the Spanish
Government, and to convince Spain of two things; first,
that we would refrain from exercising any influence in
the internal affairs of the country, or mixing ourselves
up in the slightest degree with the Government ; and,
secondly, that we would not regard Spain as an arena
for struggles or rivalry with any other Power, whatever
it might be. We were moderate and patient, and by
degrees we gained some ground ; the relations be-
came more friendly ; the Anti-French feeling result-
ing from the revolution of September gradually
ceased. A Spanish Minister came to Paris. A circum-
stance which was of importance as to our position with
Spain occurred ; the British Ministry was changed. All
these things were of a nature to induce us to send an Am-
bassador to Spain. At the moment when this decision
had been come to, the insurrection of the frontier took
place in Spain. You will know what accusations have
been brought against the French Government on this
subject. I affirm to you most positively that these ac-
cusations were totally unfounded, totally undeserved.
We bad already and for some time past been giving the
most friendly notice to Spain of what was passing on
her frontiers. We had informed her of our having
discovered expeditions of arms and munitions.
Notice was given of this to the Spanish Con-
sul at Bayonne. We had said to Spain
" Take care 1 " The Spanish Minister in Paris
required that the Spanish refugees, who were crowded
on the French frontier, should be sent into the interior.
This application was immediately complied with. He
addressed another application to the French Govern.
ment, which was on the instant and peremptorily refused.
I need not say what that application was.-e(Applause.)
Such, Gentlemen, was the conduct of France as regarded
the insurrection in Spain. Everybody knows that there
resulted from this movement an anti-French feeling on
several points of the frontier. Our subjects were threatened,
as were even our ships in the port of Barcelona. From the
moment, when order appeared to be restored in Spain,
it was the duty and interest of France to resume her old
relations with that country, and to dispel the transitory
Clouds of dissension which had shown themselves. It
must have been evident to Spain that this was the feel=
ing of the French Government, when an eminent Mail
Was seen to leave France as Ambassador, animated with
feelings of Conciliation, and, above all, of respect for
the young Queen, over whom France was anxious to
throw the protection which a great nation could offVr to
a friendly country in the existing circumstances of Spain.
Such were the intentions which influenced the Govern-
ment when the Ambassador was appointed—such were
the instructions that he received. When the French
Ambassador to Spain left for Madrid he had been
already appointed several months. There had been
plenty of time for it to be known in Spain to WhOni lit:
was accredited. It was known that he was accredited
to Queen Isabella:--no mistake was possible on this head.
When he had arrived in Madrid, in his second, not
his first, interview with the Minister Of FUreigli
Affairs arose the questitin of which so much has
been said. On this question France has conducted
herself -according to the regulations of the Spanish
Monarchy, and according to the international law of
Europe. An Ambassador was to be sent to the Queen of
Spain ; he could not deliver his letters of cfedein'e tO aii
accredited minister ot that Queen. He could only de-
liver them into her own hands. This is the con-
firmed practice. A recent and striking instance of
this practice may be mentioned. The Regent • ti£
Brazil had set up a pretension to receive per-
sonally the letters of credence addressed to the young
Sovereign. All the States of Europe refused to recognise
this pretension, and he was obliged to give way. The
question is not one of pure etiquette. It is the monar-
chical principle, that in cases of minority all that apper-
tains to honour and etiquette belongs to the person of
the Sovereign; all power and authority belong to the Re=
gent. The minority of a Sovereign is not a total eclipse of
Royalty. It must show itself on all proper occasions, and
in which there is only homage to receive and no power
to be exercised. These are not vain formalities ; it is by
them that monarchical principles are kept up in the
minds of the people ; if there is to be monarchy, there
must also be the observance of these forms.—(Applause.)
In answer to what I have said, the declaration of the
Cortes against the course adopted by the French Go-
vernment may- be mentioned. Spain, Gentlemen, has an
undoubted right to interpret the articles of her constitu-
tion in her own way ; but her right is not our right; her
opinion is not our opinions and I feel it proper to say at
once that we do hot think we can with advantage to
Spain and ourselves, have an Ambassador in Spain, on
conditions such as Spain has laid down.
A Deputy, on the left of the Chamber, said, " Then
why did you send one ?'•
Guizot—l have already said why we sent an Ambas-
sador. We have no reason to suppose that any difference of
the nature of that which has taken place would arise, and
we had no reason to withhold from Spain the service and
friendship of France. Spain has not appreciated the
services which France was willing to render, and this,
be assured, she has been told by her best friends. If the
Speech from the Throne has been silent on this question
it was because the French Government thought that
the greatest service which it could render to Spain,
iri existing circumstances, was in not being the first to
talk of it to the world. The question now is whether
the Chamber, whilst in discussion on the Address in
reply to the Speech from the Throne, will really make
its Address an echo of that of the Cortes of Madrid.—
(Applause.) Yes, Gentlemen, you are by the amendment
which is now submitted to you, really called- tipoii to
put into your Address an answer to the paragraph of the
Address 9£ the Spanish COrteS.—(Sensation.) Is that
hat you are desirous of doing ?---(Cries of "No, no.")
I hope that as this question is still pending, the Cham-
ber will not substitute one diplomacyfor another, and in-
sert in the Address to the King a reply to the Spanish
Cortes.—(Cries of " No, no," and " Aux voix.")
M. Odilon /3arrot ascended the tribune, but so great
was the agitation which prevailed in the Chamber, and
the apparent impression produced by the speech of ;IL
Guizot, that ten minutes elapsed before he 41kitilti Pa 4"e
himself heard, and several Dtaiuties bad already quitted
the Chamber, and proceeded to the Salle des Oons
fertnees, He said that he would nOt eeek to embittet
the question, but would imitate the reserve df the li=
nister for Foreign Affairs, and, 'aboveatt, the Conduct
of the Spanish Cortes, which`had on this occasion main-
tained great reserve. He would merely observe that
the Queen of Spain being a minor, and the Regent up=
pointed by the country being charged with the exfreise
of the Royal authority, he had acted properly in refusing
cede any of the dignity
b r
longing
to h e delivered his office. The
Ministry sent an Ambassador to Soain and although
refused
precedingsed
tovdeliver
his Ambassadorlettletters
h creden-
tials to the Queen Regent, M. do Salvandy had
gent. 'Bic sense
of the Constitution on this point had been interpreted
eti
by the Cortes, which had declared their determination
to uphold the pretensions of the Regent. Ministers of
a
ll to
evd his
France, said M. Barrot, have the courage to demand a
similar adhesion from this Chatnber.—(Applause froth
the left.) You will not d o so, for you know that the
Chamber will not admit this distinction of a Regent by
right of birth, and of a Regent by right of election. You
wish to preserve silence. leis° would be silent if my silence
could aid the solution of this affair, but it would not,
and there is no incoavenience in allowing the voice of
France to be heard. And what moment have you chosen
for this pusillanimous silence ? A moment when all our
alliances arc at an end. There remained to France
only one friendly Power whose Government was founded
on the same principle as our own, and now for a vain
question of etiquette you have just separated us from
that Government.--(Applause from the left.) See what
progress we have made since the period when we wished
our revolution to extend beyond the Pyrenees, and sent
proclamations and emissaries into Spain. We are now
come to draw distinctions between Regents of birth and
Regents of election. For a national and revolutionary
policy we have substituted a policy of persons and eti-
quette... It is time to put a. stop to proceedin
So .atai
to liberty and to government.—(Applause from the left.)
M. Mauguin said, that he should regret exceedingly
to indulge in any(observations which could widen the

breach between two countries whose interest and honour
it was to draw closer and closer the relations which
existed between them. He could not, however, refrain
from 6ityhig that ht the 'course which the French. Go-
vernment had adopted, it had overlooked what was due
to Spain. It was evident that according to the Spanish
Constitution the powers of Royalty were exercised by
the Regent, and, therefore, if an Ambassador was sent
to Madrid, it was proper that his credentials should be
delivered to the Regent. All nations had a right to
make their own Constitutions, and Governinents which
sought alliance with them could not expect to succceed,
if they overlooked the constitutional rights held by the
person at the head of the State.
M. Durand (de Romorantin), amid loud calls for the
cloture, said he had heard it asserted that M. de Sal-
vandy had been driven out of Spain by the influence of
England. He wished M. de Salvandy to state what were
the facts on the subject.—(Loud cries of " No, no.")

The amendment Was then put to the vote and rejected.
Paragraph 7 was then read—
Faithful to the promises which she has made, France
demands with perseverance the accomplishment of the
promises which she has received. The Chamber reminds
Europe of the rights of the Polish nation, so positively
stipulated by treaty."
This was adopted without discussion.
Paragraph 8 was then adopted without discussion.
Paragraph 9 was then put to the vote and adopted.
M. Lestiboudois proposed to add the following to pa-
ragraph 9 :-

" Amongst these bills we shill place in the first rank
Oat which should render perfect the legislation as to
the census of property liable to taxation, and guarantee
all the rights of the public treasury, by securing the re-
gular co-operation of the municipal authorities."
It being now six o'clock, the consideration. of this
amendment was postponed, and the Chamber adjourned.
The Sr

one Second Chamber of the btates of Hanover has
rejected a proposition for authorising marriages between
Jews and Christians on condition of the children being
brought up in the Christian religion, or, at least, to de-
clare valid such marriages made in foreign countries
without any intention of evading the laws of Hanover.
The King of Bavaria has authorised the publication
in the Augsburg Gazette of a letter from his Majesty,
expressing his satisfaction at that journal having warmly
advocated the agricultural and manufacturing interests
of Germany against those of foreign countries.
The Belgian Consul at.,, Charlestown has acquaiated
the Government that the law of the United States re-
specting the Customs, requires that the invoices of goods
sent from foreign countries shall be signed (visees)
by the Consular agent of the United States in the
port from which they • are exported. This formality
is so essential, that goods which arrive without invoices
CO certified are sequestrated in the warehouses till the
proprietors produce the necessary certificate (visa) or
give security to produce it within three Months.
This is an important fact, which seems to have es-
caped the notice of some Belgian merchants, for the
Consul of Charlestown says, that goods from Antwerp
had arrived in that town, which were not provided with
the paperg•required by the American laws, and that great
inconvenience had arisen in consequence of this omission.