The Sun.
London, England, 1842-08-13 00:00:00

Ott :*-641,n.

LONDON:
SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 13, 1842.

Sir ROBERT PEEL, yesterday, happily conducted
the first session of the Tory Parliament to a close:
It would he alike unjust to him, and unfair towards
our readers, were we to allow that event to pass by
without delivering our opinion of his merits. We
know that we speak the language of his most de-
cided political opponents, when we say that his cour-
tesy, throughout the session, to all persons, even to
the meanest Members of that House, has been un-
failing. His temper, however severely tried, seems
never to have forsaken him. He has been unwearied
in his attention to bUsiness, and has mastered it with
a fullness and completeness of detail, which has never
before been equalled. His opponents are great men
in the estimation of mankind, but, in the House of
Commons, he has shown himself immeasurably their
superior. He has been not the nominal, but the real
leader of that assembly, and has conducted all its de-
liberations to the ends ile-has had in view.

All his measures have passed. His success has
been equal to his consummate skill. The Corn-
keeping-out=law is his—the Income-tax is his—
the Tariff is his—every legislative object he
has proposed has been obtained. In spite, how-
ever, of his unwearied industry, and his equal
urbanity—in spite of the plaudits he has won .
from both sides of the House—in spite of his
great skill, and his great success, he prorogues
the Parliament in the midst of growing discontent
and deepening gloom. Nature seems almost to have
come to his aid, but in spite of a very early and
abundant harvest, the funds are falling, and alarm is
spreading through the land. We read only of the
movements of a distressed population, and of the
military harrassed to look after them. Our towns,
planted with parks of artillery, appear in a state
of siege; and our citizens, instead of prosecuting their
industry in peace, are called on,. though they pav an
immense army of defenders, to perform the duties
of plicemen, and are • obliged to organise and arm
themselves for the protection of their persons and
property. 'Sir ROBERT PEEL has been successful
beyond example in Parliament, and he has com-
pletely failed in the country.
What is the explanation of. this ? He has com-
prehended the whole 'mechanism of the House of
Commons, but not of society. IVe dispute not his
honesty of purpose, we throw no doubt on his inte-.
grity ; we believe he meant to promote the' public wel-
fi ire—but unquestionably he his failed. After this skilful
man has held power. for nearly a year, and has been
unthwarted in its exercise, the affairs of the people,
which are the public affairs, are worse than when he
took them in hand. Wages are lower, discontent is
increased, and someth;ng that looks very like wide-
spread sedition prevails. In England poverty, and in
Ireland offences against the law, have increased. The
latent hatred between the middle and lower classes
which existed when he took office, has widened
into an open rupture, and the movements of
troops indicate, on the part of the Government, much
apprehension for the continuance of public tranquil-
lity. These fatal consequences of his policy arise from
his being much more ignorant of the laws which regu-
late society, than of the means by which the House of
;Commons is swayed and governed.
He has no misgivings, apparently; of his own all-
sufficiency. He dismisses the Parliament as com-
placently as if trade 'iv'aS"Reurishing and the people
were prosperous and contented. He dictates to the
QUEED! language of praise for the labouring assiduity
which has led to no better results than those we have
described. He refers, through the mouth of the
QUEEN, to his own measures, as if the revenue from
the Income-tax was already collected, without a
murmur of discontent, and as if the tariff had already
given__ the people full einployment. He tells the
Houses of Parliament that they have been employed
with measures to provide for the welfare of all classes by
extending trade and stimulating the demand for labour;
he makes the Parliament, therefore, responsible for the
condition of trade and employment, and at tne same
time he knows that the demand for labour is so limited
as to provoke a general turn-out of the work-people,
and trade so bad that those who carry it on cannot
afford to pay adequate wages. He looks to the ex-
ample of those who have made the law to enforce
obedience to it, forgetting apparently that the source
of our evils, is class legislation. For the law-makers
the law may be good ; the complaint of the people is,
that for them it is evil. The example of the law-
makers in obeying a law which is for their benefit,
will not recommend obedience to those who declare
that the law is for their injory. Sir H. PEEL, how-
ever, has no other panacea for our woes. Instead of
making just. laws, he enforces obedience to laws that
are unjust. The Members of. Parliament are to help
the soldiery, and the soldiery are to help the Members
of Parliament, in preserving order and obedience.
The foundations of the public order are no longer laid
in the affections of the people; they rest on the sword
of the soldiery and the zeal of the Justice.
The truth is, the Legislature is in. fault. It has

passed laws to promote particular interests, and he;
made strife bet Ween those who ought to live in
brotherhood. The dispute between the landowners
and the manufacturers, and between the `capitalists
and labourers, is the result of laws intended to con-
ter advantages on the different classes. Even a mother
.may. mliuse her power, sojhat her children. 4AV
neither love nor respect her. The hand that
.a mastiff may yet so tyrannize over the,
beast that it shall hate its master. flow
much more, then, may a Legislature, , for which
a people have no children's love, and which feed::
thein not as a man feeds his hound, become, by mis-
using its powers, and tyrannising over the people,
contemned and hated ? Such is at present the -posi-
tion of that Parliament Sir R. 'PEEL haS just pro-
rogued; and yet he has no other reliance for preserv-
ing the peace of the empire than the military power,
and the example of Members of Parliament in en-
forcing obedience to the laWs they have made.

The reports from Manchester, Dudley, Glasgow,
and other manufacturing and raining districts, con-
tinue to be of a very gloomy description. From
South Staffordshire, we read that a body of colliers,
swelled by other large bodies as they advance&
marched into Dudley on Wednesday. " The utmost
anxiety," says the Correspondent of a Morning Paper,
" was felt as they approached the town, and to meet
any emergency that might arise, a troop of the
Yeomanry Cavalry, and of the Third Dragoons,
were put in immediate readiness to act. There was,
however, no necessity for their interference. The
men walked into the town, to the number of fourteen
thousand, and proceeded through High-street, in a
sort of dead but sulky silence. The hum and bus
of their conversation was the only indication of
their presence, and they were repeatedly charged
by their leader to observe order and silence. In this
manner they proceeded through the town and to the road
leading to Wednesbury, where the meeting was to
he held. On the road they were joined by thousands.
On arriving at the ground, there could not have been
lees than 23,000 men, women, and children, all of
whom were interested in the proceedings. The in-
terest was increased by delegates from the Scotch
mines, who have .now ;turned out. After several

speec4s had been made, the‘mretingr separated
in the most orderly. manner. • There can now
he no doubt of the fact, that a most
extensiVe'organisation has been effected between the
miners in England :and Scotland:" In the above
simple, and apparently unexaggerated 'description,
there are one or twnsignificant facts that must arrest
die attention of even the. most unreflecting. The
" dead but sulky silence" of fourteen thousand as-
sembled individuals, and their determinatiOn to pre-
serve order, as if impressed with :a. deep and fervent
conviction of the inherent justice of the cause that
had brought them.together ;—these facts, unimportant
as they may appear at first sight, are in reality of the
utmost moment, and indicate a spirit far different to
that which influenced the great majority of the work-
ing classes in the days of Hurvr and Peterloo. The pre-
sent movements would seem to be anything but
superficial ; they are not the outbreaks of mere brutal
ignorance, to be put down by the 'reading of a Riot
Act and the flourish of a few cavalry swords, but
bear evident tokens of design and premeditation.
Truly, Parliament breaks up under most auspicious
circumstances ! The very day which brings tidings
to the metropolis that the greater part of the North
of England is in commotion, 'and that the mining
districts of Scotland al3o are on the move—that day
is the one selected by Sir ROBERT PEEL to send the
People's Representatives about their business !
What a significant comment are the present
mining and manufacturing outbreaks on the efficacy
of the remedial measures which the Tory Ministers
promised the country, on their first taking office. It
is the working classes that are now fore Most in dis-
playing their discontent with the present state of
things ; but the Income-tax, we suspect, will ere long,
,produce a similar ferment among the middle classes.

We have just seen a letter from a manufacturer of
the highest standing, to a friend in London, written
on Thursday, from which we make the following

extract :

"The turn-out forces reached our premises at
eleven this morning, stopped everything, and let the
water cut of the boilers to prevent our starting again.
" They held a large meeting close to my gates.
Their speeches were not very violent.. They want
the wages of 1840, with ten hours labour per
day. They have no political knowledge, appa-
rently, and are ignorant of \Aar thq- should
strive for. All mills areit a stand in Rochdale-,the
shops are shut—and the whole neighbourhood is sud-
denly plunged into alarm and confusion."
" Peel, Graham, Famine, and . Co.; are re.spon-
sible for this; the end is hidden from us ; -a few days
will bring better or worse events to pass. We are at
a stand, and so I am writing to my friends to let them
know our position. It-is said Yorkshire is also dis-
turbed ; if so, I fear we shall have bad days, for a
time at least."

The Paris papers of Wednesday have reached us,
but they contain no news of importance. The fol-
lowing are the only extracts worthy of notice :

The Moniteur of the 10th of August has no official part.
There was a meeting of the Family Council yesterday
at Neuilly, at which the Chancellor, President of the
Chamber of Peers, presided- It consisted of the
Duke de Nemours and the Prince 'de Joinville, the
President of the Court of Cassation,-and the President
of the Court. of Accounts, and of M. Carchy, Secretary-
keeper of the Registers of the Chamber of Peers.
The Regency 13ill will be examined to-morrow in the
bureaux of the Chamber. It is generally believed. that
the Chamber will have finished all the buSiness before
them before the end of this month, and that the Council
General of the Department may meet between the sth
and the 10th of September. In all probability M. Dupin
will be appointed Reporter on the Regency Bill.—Le
Constitutionnel, Aug. 10.
.The Infant Don Francisco de Paula, with his whole
family, arrived at St. Sebastian on the 4th, at 10 o'clock
at night. Notwithstanding, the lateness of the hour,
their Royal Highnesses were received with all the
honours due to: their rank. , Tile; guns, of
.the fortress
fired -the usual Salute. General San Aliguel ticcoMpanied
their Royal Highnesses. •
The Pieria says that his Royal Highness, after taking
the waters, intends to make excursions into different
parts of the, interior.of the kingdom.
We rind the following paragraph in the Memorial
Bordelais of the Bth :—" As a proof of the favourable
sentiments which the Court of Madrid at present enter-
tain with respect to the French alliance, we learn from
Madrid that M. de Olozaga, Plenipotentiary *of her
Catholic.Majeaty toefaris, who was going on leave of
absence to Andalusia, had delayed his departure, it is
said by order of the Government, that he may shortly
return to his post, which he quitted last year in conse—
quence .of diplomatic differences between the two Courts."
'1 he Toulon Journal says that " the departure of
Admiral Hugon is again rut oft; it is said till Monday
next." 11' c learn that the CalypSo frigate, which has
sailed fur Brest, is.to go to the Brazils, and remain on
that'station.—Le commerce, Aug. 10.
BOURSE—Pais, WEDNESDAY, AUG. 10.

First liiiiheat Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price.. Price.
French 5 pet Cents -116 80... 118' 85:.?' 11g.80:.. 118 80
46 per Cents 106 ... 108 ... 106 ... 106
4 pi:r Cents 101 55... 101 55... 101 55... 101 55
3 per Cents 78 25... 78. 35... 78 25... 78 30
Bank of France 3250 —.3250 —.3250 .. 3250
Laftitte Bank 1,000f..,1025 ...1025
• 5,0X/f 5050 —.5050 ...5050
Belgian Bank .. 770 ... 775. . 775 775
Belgian Fives 1840 lO4 ... 102 i ... 1021 102
Spanish Active ... 22 ... 211
Neapolitan... lO5 80... 105 80... 105 50... lob 80
Rumen
„RAILWAY SHARES.
st. Germain 842 50... 42,60..' 842 50... 842 50
Versailles, 11.13 9l 25... 91 25... 91 25... 91 25
Rouen
Siga.%burg to Bale 202 50... 202 50... 202 50... 202 50

In preparing the ground for the railroad along the
left bank of the Rhine, discoveries interesting to natu-
ralists have been made. Near Otienburg, about thirty
feet below the surface, in a bed of marl, were found por-,
Lions of the skeleton of n mammoth, or antediluvian ele-
phant. They consist chiefly of a masticator, nearly per-
tect, and of two molar teeth, larger than any that have
hitherto been found in the valley of the Rhine. Each of
these is thirteen inches in length, and weighs nearly
eleven pounds. At the same time were turned up,a great
number of teeth belonging to a species of the horse,
which must have been an inhabitant of the valley in the
same remote ages as the mammoth.
FATAL DUEL.—The Journal des Debats states that
two rithcers of the 17th Light Infantry, commanded by
the Duke d'Aunitile, fought a duel with swords in the
Buis de Boulogne, at six o'clock on Sunday morning,
when one of them was mortally wounded. Some gens-
dartnes on duty, seeing the officers proceeding silently to
a remote part of the wood, followed them, but having
lost sight of them, they were too late. to prevent the ca.-
larnitous consequence. They found the two seconds en-
deavouring to assist their unfortunate comrade. They
took their names and forwarded a report to the compe-
tent authorities. •
If a man can't sleep, let him lie on his back in the
open air, and undertake to count the star*. Before beAtitfq
got half through l.e will be in a Comfortable snow:. 1

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