The Sun.
London, England, 1845-02-10 00:00:00

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FEBRUARY 101 1845.
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WE SUN RTIRRV MORNING at FIVEO'CLOCK, in Time for the EARLY TRAINS and TOWN ELI VERY ; a SECOND EDITION (Evening Sun) is Published in Time for the AFTERNOON TRAINiq
contnirning:p4RlMMENTAßY and all other NEWS in LONDON up to that flour.
AD and a THIRD EDITION at SEVEN O'CLOCK, for.POST,
BR TISEIII EN TS INSERTED in ALL THE TEREE PAPERS, 111"ning Noon' crud 14'!ightf there?, insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION, at ONE CHARGE.

_ . •
PARIS AND LYONS R AILWAY ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
ANNERON'S LINE). , A Subject of
Capital 160,000,000 fran(Gcs, or 6,400,0007., in Shares of 500 francs, or PHILLIPS'SNew in
PATENT FIRECHEMISTRY universal
ANNIHILATOR, illustratedinterest—
by
201. each (one-half to be subscribed for in each country). Dr. Ryan in his daily Lectures, and on the Evenings
,of
Deposit, 50 francs, or 21. per Share ;to he returned without deduction MONDAYS, WEDNESDAYS, and FRIDAYS. DURING LENT
should this Company not obtain the Lease. a Series of LECTURES on ASTRONOMY will be delivered by Pro-
raoVISIONAL COMMITTEE. fessor Bachh..finer, on the Moroing,s and Evenings of IMondays,
PrizsiDENT—Lleutenant-Generai le Comte Baudrand, Pair de France, Wednesdays, and Fridays. accompanied by Dr. Wallis on BRADY.,'
Gouverneur du Comte do Paris. CALOTONE, a newly invented Musical Instrument—KlTE'S PA-
Monsieur Adolphe Barret, Counsul General de France
Le Lieut:-General le Viscomte Borrelli, Pair de France TENT SMOKE-CURING and VENTILATING ROOF, 'and TAY-
LOR'S improN'ed domestic FIRE ESCAPE, are Interesting Novel-
Monsieur Cotelic, membre de la Chambre des Deputes, Maire do la ties. Two beautiful Pictures of the SHRINE of the NATIVITY are
Sixieme Arrondisement de Paris just added to the NEW DISSOLVING VIEWS. , CHILD'S CARD
Monsieur Adolphe de Milly, Proprictaire, Paris MATROPE. TILE PROTEOSCOPE. The PHYPIOSCOPE
Monsieur Lefevre, A.ssozie do la maisuu Ganneron et Compagnie, EXPERIMENTS by meansof the DIVING BELL and DIVER.
Banqui
Nivicr,, I.'roprietl,rn ers, Paris -
Le B The Music is' conducted 'by T. Wallis; MILS. Doc
aron
Monsieur Vacossin, N6gociant, Associe de M. Carez, President du Tri-
Admission, Is. ; Schools, Half-price
bunal de Commerce a Paris
Henry Bainbridge, Esq., Banker, London
Frederick Pratt Barlow, Esq., Directorof the Great Western Railway
George Lyall, Esq., M.P. for the City of London
William Little, Esq., Bishopsgate-street, London
Francis Mowatt, Esq., Vice-Chairman of the London and York
Railway
Francis Parker, Esq., of Manchester, Director of the Bristol and
Exeter Railway
Frederick Ricketts, Esq., Chairman of the Bristol and Exeter, an
Director of the' Great Western Railways
Capt. Sir Jaines Stirling, R.N.

With power to add to their number.
BANKERS.
M. M. li. Ganneron and Compagnie,'A Paris
MeSsrs. Smith, Payne, and Smiths, London
• COUNTRY BANKERS.
Leeds—The Leeds Bankb*,Company
Liverpool—The Manchester and. Liverpool District Bank
Manchester—The Manchester and Liverpool District Bank.
ENGINEERS—WiIIiam Cnbitt, &c.
Joseph Cubitt, Esq.
Application for Shares can only be received on the printed forms of
th 6 Company, which will be ready for distribution, and may be had
Upon application at the Company's temporary Offices, No. 7, Token-
house-yard, on and after Monday, the 10th February, between the
hours of Eleven and Three.
7, Token'aouse-yard, London, Feb. G, 1845.

PRESERVER FIRE, LIFE, AND FAMILY
ENDOWMENT OFFICE,
BOND-COURT HOUSE, WALBROOK.
As an Indemnity to the Assured, a Deed of Settlement has been
executed, whereby Property, producing upwards of Five Thou-
sond Pounls per Annum has been secured to Trustees for the
fulfilment of all engagements entered into at this Office.
The peculiar advantages offered over those of similar InstitutionS
are, amongst others—
TO ASSURE 'FROM LOSS BY FIRE EVERY DESCRIPTION
OF HOUSE, CHARITABLE, and CHURCH PROPERTY, Farm-
ing Stock, Goods, &c., at a considerable reduction from the charges
usually made. • • -
TO ASSURE THE LIVES OF INDIVIDUALS OF ALL AGES,
the payment of the printipal sum to be made EITHER ON THE
DEATH OF THE ASSURED, OR ON A FIXED DAY, IF HE
BE THEN LIVING. " •
ADVANCES 'OF MONEY FOR LIMITED PERIODS on the
deposit of Title Deeds, without the expense of Mortgage Securities.
LOANS TO NOBLEMEN AND GENTLEMEN of established
position, in conjunction with Life Assurances, upon their personal
responsibility alone.
The ASSURED MAY PASS FROM ONE COUNTRY TO AN-
OTHER without forfeiting their Policies, and MEDICAL EXAMI-
NATIONS are dispensed with.
*** Prospectuses and Tables, calculated with the greatest pre-
cision, may be had at the Office.

JOHN WIDOWSON, Secretary,

A'CIONAL LOAN FUND LIFE ASSUR-
ANCE SOCIETY,
26 CORNHILL, LONDON.
Capital £500,000.
Empowered by Act of Parliament
DIVISION OF PROFITS.
The steady success and increasing prosperity of the Society has
enabled the Directors, at the last annual investigation to declare a
second Bonus, averaging 60 per cent. on the amounts invested on each
Policy effected on the Profit scale.
EXAMPLES.

0 ,
7:i.47 84.1
.
p.- ,_ ,;(1 Bonus Bonus ill R 6 No
, mt , pc°
,:, 5 ',el,' "3. n added. Cash --04.* 5 Z - c'
r .
!
I =
o ; 44 g 74
--,
£ s d. X s. d. X s. d. Z s. d. X s. ds
1837 170 9 3 77 5 1 12 3 9 346 2 3
.01000 74 X 4 1838 144 2 2 64 5 6 9 16 4 296 13 4
1839 116 16 0 51 511 711 9 247 4 5

The c
'ember

livLsion of profit... 4 is annual.
of 'he present year.

Lnd the neat will he made in I►e-

This
+-ages si
The ass;
• ense of

insti.ution offers roans important and substantial advan-
rith respect both to Life Assurances and Deferred Annuities.
ured has, on all occasions, the power to borrow, without ex-
r forfeiture of the Policy, two-thirds of the premium paid,
le); also the option of selecting benefits, and the conversion
tterests to meet other convenionces .r necessity. Assurances
Le of years are granted on the lowest possible rates.
F. FTAGTTRON CAMHOUX, Ne.

GOOLE, DONCASTER, and SHEFFIELD
and MANCHESTER JUNCTION RAILWAY.
• Office, 12, Moorgate-street, London.
Capital £635,000, in Shares of £25 each.
Notice is hereby given, that the SHARES in this Company will be
ALLOTTED on MumDAY next, the 13th February instant.
By order, P. H. NEW ALL, Secretary.
12, Moorgate, Feb. 6, 1845.

RESHA M AVENUE ASSOCIATION.
PROVISIONALLY REGISTERED.
Capital 300,000/. in 3,000 Nominee Shares of 1001. each.
TRUSTEES under the Act 7 and 8 Vict.
Ambrose Moore, Esq., 12, Endsleigh•street, Tavistock-square.
William Shadboli, Esq., Croome's-hill, Greenwich.
PROVISIONAL COMMITTEE.
Thomas Kelly; Esq., Alderthan
John Humphery; Esq., Aldermau, M.P.
Thomas Fannon-Ih, Esq., Alderman
(quirks Burls, Esq.
Frederick William Caldwell, Esq.
Henry Charles Chilton, Esq.
• Nathaniel Gould, Esq.
John Howell, Esq.
John Wheelton, Esq.
Thomas Wilkinson, Esq.
BANKERS—The London Joint-Stock Bank.
SOLICITORS—Messrs. Bischoff and Coxe, 19, Coleman-street.
ARCHITECT AND SURVEYOR—Mr. WilLam Barnes, Church-court,
Old Jewry.
Temporary Offices, 30, Bucklersbury.
Notice.—The Provisional Committee will receive APPLICATIONS
for SHARES until MONDAY, the 17th instant.
Prospectuses may be had at the Offices, No. 30, Bucklersbury,
where plans may be seen and further information obtained.
February 3, 1845.

late Government passed, the penny postage he con-
sidered to be the most valuable. It constituted the
greatest boon that ever was conferred by any minister
upon the people of this country.—(hear, hear.)—And
now to return to soap. Although he had been in
business in that city upwards of thirty years, that he
thought was the first public meeting in which he had
taken any active part, but, on being called upon, he could
not refrain from giving his humble assistance to the ob-
ject of that meeting, which he considered to be one of
the greatest importance to the well-being of the people
of this country, and more particularly to the working
classes. He quite agreed in the opinion that had been
expressed, that the tax was objectionable on account of
its inquisitorial character, and the many facilities it af-
forded for fraud. There were degrees in all things, but he
thought the soap tax was the worst of all taxes. The
tax on gin, for example, something might be said in
favour of it. It might be said that the tax on gin
was a tax on intemperance, but no such argument
could be adduced in favour of the tax on soap. The
tax upon soap was not a tax upon any vice, but it was
a tax upon many virtues. It was a tax upon cleanliness,
it was a tax upon clean faces, and a tax upon clean
shirts. It had been justly said, that it fell heaviest
upon the common description of soap, and hence, it cost
the poor man nearly-double to wash his face or his shirt'
than it did the Duke of Buckingham or Sir R. Peel.
In the resolution whiehilutd. been placed in his hands,
reference was made to the article of palm oil. Now, it
would be known to some of them, that palm oil was an
article exclusively imported from the coast of Africa,
and chiefly in large quantities. It would be imported
in still much larger quantities if, by taking off this
tax, they were to extend the consumption of soap. Now,
Sir Robert Peel talked occasionally of his great ab-
horrence of the slave-trade ; indeed, he did it so fre-
quently, that he was rather surprised that any man of his
station should think it was necessary, at this time of day,
to declare himself an enemy to the slave trade, because
he should like to see the man now who was not.—
(Hear, hear.) He should be glad if Sir Robert Peel
would give them a little more substantial proof of his
hostility to this trade than mere words. He thought he
could point out to him a way in which he could effect
this. Let him take off the duty on soap, by which he
would increase the consumption of palm oil, an article
produced by the labour and industry of the natives of the
coast of Africa. The country expended many millions
in the employment of armed forces on the coast
of Africa for the suppression of the slave
trade, but this had proved a complete failure ;
nay, in many cases, it had aggravated the hor-
rors of the traffic. But, at all events, it could be only a
temporary remedy. Now, by extending the trade of the
coast of Africa, and giving employment to the natives at
home, they would permanently suppress the trade at
about one-eighth the sum at present expended for the
purpose. In addition to palm oil, there was an article
which had latterly sprung up on the coast yielding oil,
which had been employed largely in the manufacture of
soap. It was called ground nut, and produced a very
excellent oil. He established a mill for the purpose of
crushing the imported ground nuts ; but he was sorry to
say the want of encouragement in the sale of the oil in
this country had rendered the undertaking a compara-
tive failure. But what was the case with reference to
France ? France now took nearly the whole of these
ground nuts from Africa, amounting to many tons a
year, but instead of its being crushed in London, it was
now sent direct to France from the coast. Now, he had
some reason to think that, were it not for the tax on
soap in this country, which discouraged experiments and
improvements, the soap manufacturers of England would
be enabled to rival the manufacturers of France in the
production of soap from that article. The Hon. Gentle-
man concluded by moving a resolution, declaring the
soap tax to be injurious to the country, inasmuch as it
lessened the consumption of the raw material, and gave
the foreigner an advantage over the British menu-
fact urer.

4111CMCMIli
ILSON'S SCOTTISH ENTERTAIN-
m E NTS.
SEASON 1845.
STORE-STlt EET, SEDFORD-SQUARE. TIIIS EVENING, February 114aat Eight o'clock,
Mr. WILSON will resume his Eliktalinnents on the
SONGS OF' SCOTLAND. •
PART I.—The smiling Spring canes ill rejoicing—The Birks of
Aberfeldy—Tam Glen—Mary -Morison-Aide ye yet—My Spouse
Nancy.--John o' Badenyou-.--Saw ye my me Thing." PART 11.—Whiill he King'but Charlie?'—Charlie is my Darling—
The Women are a' gave me 'lhr Prince Charlie—Woo'd
and married and a'—Tak your auld Cloak *oot ye.
Piano-forte—Mr.- LAND.
Tickets, 2s. • Reserved Seats, 2s. ca. Private Boxes for Six, 158. ;
for Eight persons, 1/.'

MESMERISM AN AIRVOYANCE. •
DEMONSTRATIONS of MESMERISM and
CLAIRVOYANCE, every TUESDAY, THURSDAY, and SATUR-
DAY, by Mr. W. J. VERNON, at the Institute of Mesmerism and
Phrenology, 27; Duke-street, Mancliester-square. With ADOLPIIE
the celebrated Sonmambult de Paris, brother of Alexis, and other
Somnambules. • ' -
Morning Seances, at Two ('Clock, Tickets, ss. each.
.Evening Seances, at Eight o'clock, Tickets, 2s. 6d. each.
Consultations Somnarnbuliques every WED:ix-4E4y, from Twelve to
Three o'Clock.
CAses of Disease, or for Surgical Operations, mesmerically attended.

EXCISE DUTy ON. SOAP.
On Saturday afternoon, a meeting of merchants and
others interested in the manufacture of. soar, was held
at the London Tavern, in Bi,shlsgate-street, for the
purpose of considering ie beif nee-ans td be adopted to
procure the repeal of the duty imposed on that neces-
sary article of domestic use.
The meeting was very numerously attended, and ably
presided over by Mr. William Hawes.
Amongst ths influential gentlemen present were Mr.
J. Hume, M.P., Mr. J. Paulson, M.P., Mr. T. J. Eger-
ton, M.P., Mr. T. A. Mitchell, M.P., Mr. M. Foster,
M.P., Mr. B. Hawes, M.P., and Mr. Alderman
Humphrey, M.P., besides several distinguished members
of the commercial world.
The CHAIRMAN in opening the business of the meet-
ing said, when the Committee of soap manufacturers
took upon themselves the responsibility of calling a public
meeting in the. City, to consider the operation of the
excise duties on soap upon their trade, they little antici-
pated that an announcement in the speech of her Ma-
jesty would give theta so much cause for activity and
encouragement ; nor did they either anticipate that
her Majesty's Ministers would bring forward the budget
so early as they intended to do. But as it was, they had
little time to carry into effect the measures they might
think it proper to adopt. The duty imposed on soap
varied from 50 to 110 per cent. The first was placed
upon the better quality of soap, and the latter upon the
more common. Now they must be all aware that the
poorer classes of society were most interested in this
question, because from the general nature of their occu-
pations, it made it necessary that they should require a
Liege quantity of soap. Was it not, then, to be deplored
that they were compelled to pay from 110 to 111 per
cent. for their soap, while the more affluent only
had to pay from 60 to 80 per cent. ? Cleanliness
promoted the comfort of man, and the moral welfare of
the poor; but owing to these Excise dutiee, the poor, in
many instances, were debarred from the use of soap at
all. A celebrated German professor, in some of his
published letters, had declared that the extent of morality
and civilisation of a nation might be tested by the amount
of soap it consumed, and no doubt was an exceedingly
good criterion on which to form a correct Opinion. The
most moral and the mast civilised, it was reasonable to
suppose, would consume the most soap. Now, with this
reasoning before them, they had endeavoured to ascertain
the consumption of soap in those countries where there
was no duty at all. In Jersey and the Isle of Man,
where the manufacture of a small quantity of the article
was confined to one or two individuals, and the rest sup-
plied by importation, the comparison would be seen. In
Jersey the amount was Nibs. per head, the population
consistin; of one-fourth English visitors, and the rest of
agriculturalists. In the Isle of Man the consumption was
91bs. per head, the population being principally employed
in mines and fisheries. Until within the last year or two
the consumption in England had never exceeded six
pounds per head. This afforded them sufficient proof
of the effect of the duty, and a conclusive argument
against its continuance. This, however, was not the
only objection to the tax. From the facilities it affords
6)r the committal of fraud upon the revenue, it had a
natural tendency to encourage demoralisation in this re-
spect. Looking at the aggregate quantity consumed in
this country, it was impossible to prove that more than
five-fourths, or five sixths, paid the duty. Calculations
to prove this, as well as to show that the great mass of
the labouring population used no soap at all, but an in-
jurious substitute for it, had been submitted to Mr.
M•Culloch, who was a good authority upon such a mat-
ter, because he was an advocate for the continuance of
this duty. But advocating this duty as he did, he says
the estimates of fraud were underrated; and even the
Chairman of the Excise himself, admitted that it was
quite impossible to prevent the commission of fraud in
an article so easily manufactured as soap. Since the
reign of Qeeen Anne little or no improvement had been
introduced in the manufacture of soap, owing to the ex-
istence of this duty; hut if they looked to other
articles of consumption which had been relieved from
the duty, they would find that the reverse had been
the case. He might particularly instance the article of
candles, in the mannfacture of which improvements were
being made every day. It was on those grounds, there-
fore, that they asked to be relieved.
Mr. T. A. MITCHELL, M.P., in moving the first re-
solution, remarked that, in the Queen's speech, the
attention of the Legislature was directed to the sanatory
condition of the poorer classes of this country ; and he
thought nothing would tend so much to advance this ob-
ject as cheap soap. From the statement they had heard
made by the Chairman, it would be seen that thepoor paid
nearly double what the rich did fur their soap. Now all
must admit that this one fact alone made manifest the
gross injustice of the soap-tax. The mover of the
address in reply to the speech from the Throne drew the
particular attention not only of those around him, but of
gentlemen of all classes, to the benevolent associations
which were now being formed fur improving the condition
of the working classes. Among them the Honourable
Mover alluded more particularly to one which originated
in Scotland, and was afterwards followed up in the me-
tropolis. He need hardly tell them it was the society
for furnishing the poorer classes with baths and wash-
houses. When Mr. Charteris drew attention to this
subject, he heard the Prime Minister most emphati-
cally cheer him, thereby giving
his sanction to the
ed
sentiment that was expressed byby Mr. Char-
tens. Now he thought they had, therefore, strong
grounds to call upon the Prime Minister to contribute
his quantum towards carrying out that object. If the
Right Hon. Baronet considered it was an object of such
importance, let him contribute to it by taking off the
duty on soap, and thereby reducing, by one-half, the
price of one of the most necessary articles of life. That
was the strongest ground which they could take against
this tax. There was a surplus in the t evenue of
3,300,0001.; the duty on soap, he believed, did not bring
in more than a fourth of the sum placed at the disposal
of the Government. They all contributed largely to-
wards placing the revenue in this satisfactory state, in
the shape of an income-tax ; and if it were to be conti-
nued, at any rate they ought to have the gratification of
knowing that the poor of the country derived some
benefit, in return for the sacrifices they were making
themselves. Ile concluded by moving a resolution, in
effect declaring the soap duty to be impolitic and unjust.
Mr. HUBBARD seconded the resolution. When he
was first asked to attend that meeting, he did not con-
sent without first giving deliberate consideration to the
subject, because he felt that a large degree of responsi-
bility attached to persons who sought for the removal
of a tax which contributed so much to make np the
required revenue of the country. lee confessed,
however, that this responsibility appeared to be very
little felt by the community at large, for there was
hardly a tax producing any amount of revenue, the abo-
lition of which had not been recently proposed. Tallow,
tea, coffee, and sugar, had been amongst the list of arti•
ales for which the Minister of the Crown had been re-
quired to make concessions, and within a very recent
period, meetings had been held to ask for a repeal of
the duties imposed on raw cotton, paper, the window-
tax, and the malt-tax, all bringing to the exchequer an
aggregate sum of 7,500,0001. Now, it trust be quite ob-
vious that in the present state of the public revenue,
only one of these taxes could be conceded. They knew
indeed that the income-tax was now announced to be
continued for a limited period, but he could not conceive
that this period would extend beyond that originally
mentionel—namely, five years. But, then, the
10,000,0001. which would be produced from this tax
would be very easily absorbed by the expenses the Go
vernment had promised to incur for the benefit of the
country. It was their intention, he believed, to form
harbours of refuge on the coast, one of which, it was
estimated, would cost from two to three millions ster-
ling. It appeared, th• refore, that unless tee income-tax
was to be perpetuated, it was utterly hopeless to expect
any large remission of the taxes he had named. With
these facts before him, he would not have risen to second
the resolution, had he not been persuaded that they had
a paramount claim upon the consideration of the Go-
vernment. The deficiency might be made up by
doubling the amount of postage. The penny postage
e, as certainly an excellent thing, but he did not think an
increase to twopence would be productive of any harm.
—(Cries of " Question, question," " Soap, soap.") At
all events, in the present state of their fiscal regulations,
they could not take off one duty without providing for it
in another way. Ireland was without a soap tax, and
perhaps this would open a field for gathering the des
ticiency.
The resolution was then put and carried unanimously.
Mr. M. FOSTER, M. P., quite agreed with the meet-
ing in thinking they must stick to soap.—(Laughter.)
At all events, he hoped Sir Robert Peel would not take
the hint e hich had just been thrown oat with referenpe
to the penny postage. --(Hear, hear.)—Of all the mea.
sures that were passed by the late Government, the most
poi tag,e_ ( I fear, beneficial was the penny hear.)—And
if they had passed that measure alone, it would have been
sufficient to entitle them to the eternal gratitude of this
country ; and he repeated, of all the pleasures which the

TO FARMERS AND MARKET GARDENERS.
GAS-LIME MANURE,
This Manure, recommended for Agricultural purposes, by M
Liebeg and Professor Johnston, may now be had, with printed di-
rections for using it, at the Stations of the Gas Light and Coke Com-
pany, Horseferry-road, Westminster; and Brick-lane, Old-s#reet,
London.

Address to the Superintendent of either Station

CIGARS AND CHEROOTS.
MESSRS. TOSSWILL and CO.. Commission
Agents, ;lid Importers and Manufacurers of Cigars and
Cheroots, beg to inform dealers and others that they will at all times
find on SALE, at their extensive warehouses, one of the largest and
hest selected STOCKS in London of the above articles, the quality
of which will be guaranteed by their own brand or mark, at the fol-
lowing low prices :—Cheroots, 6s. ; ambrosial ditto, 7s. ; Mexicans,
7s. 6d. ; Cuba Cigars, 7s. ; Yara Cubas, 9s. 6d. ; Havannahs, 7s. Gd. ;
Regalias, Bs. Gd. ; Principes, 9s. Gd. ; genuine foreign cigars, from
17s. 6d. upwards, in boxes, with the most tasty labels, of 11b., 21b.,
41b., Mb., and 121 b. ; and In cases of 301 b., 501 b., 1001 b., and 2001 b-
. Budge-row, Watling-street, Cheapside.

General agency business transacted, and every accommodation Or
warehousing goods on the premises in any quantity.

;See tabl
mf his in'
or term,

PRIVATE BELLS.
HOUSE OF COMMONS, FEB. 7, 1845.
Resolved—That this House will not receive any peti-
Pthreiv2asteth Bdailyl,
of
ftthheirs then
instanta February. Railway Bill
attioteurfForridaz
Resolved—That no Private Pill, other than a Rail-
way Bill, be read the first time after Friday, the 4th day
of April next. - -7aWN
Resolved—That this House will not receive the Re-
port of any Private Bill, other than a Railway Bill,
after Friday, the 30th day of May next.
Resolved-What this House will not receive any peti•
ti
on fir any Rear; ay Bill,- later than the twenty-first
day after the day on which the Report for the Railway
Department of the Board of Trade, with reference to
such Railway, has been laid on the table of the House.
Resolved—That no Railway Bill shall be read the
first time later than the twenty•eighth day after the
day on which the Report from the Railway Department
of the. Board of Trade, with reference to such railway,
has been laid on the table of the House.
Resolved—That this House will not receive the Re-
port of any Railway Bill, later than the eighty-fourth
day after the day OR which the Report from the
Railway Department of the Board of Trade, with refe-
rence to such railway, has been laid on the table of the
House.
prdered-:-That on , every petition presented to this •
Muse, relating to any Private Bill before the House, the
name or short title by which such Bill is entered in the
Votes, be written at the beginning thereof.
Ordered—That the said Resolutions and Order be
printed. J. IL LEY, Cl. Dom. Com.

STOPPAGE OF THE MILLS AT
HEYWOOD.
The hands at all the mills in Heywood left their work
last night, the terms of arrangement offered by the
masters having been rejected. The masters have posted
large placards throughout the town and neighbourhood,
of which the following is a copy :—" Many erroneous
reports having been circulated relative to the earnings of
the weavers late in the employ of Messrs. John Hilton
Kay and Son, the Committee of the Mill-owners' Asso-
ciation think it necessary, in justice to those gentlemen,
to lay before the public a statement of such earnings,
as copied from the wage books for the fortnight ending
the 22d of November last (being what may be called the
last full fortnight previous to the turn-out.) The fol-
lowing are the averages :—for 58 two- loom weavers,
per fortnight, 19s. Id., per week, 9s. W.; for 56 three-
loom weavers, average per fortnight, IL Bs. Bd. ; per
week, 14a. 4d. ; for 23 four-loom weavers, 11. ss. sd. ;
per week, 12s. Bd. N.B. There are no abatements
from the above, except for spoiled work, and the whole
deductions on that day amounted to only 1L Bs. 9d.
The earnings, as stated above, were obtained at the
prices per cut paid previously to the weavers
turning out ; and from the amount, the public
will be able to judge whether such a step
was justifiable or not. Since the turn-out, however, the
Messrs. Kay, wishing to put an end to such a state of
things, and also to prevent a more general stoppage of
mills in the neighbourhood on their account, have made
several attempts to come to terms with their weavers,
but hitherto without success." Friday Evening.—The
turn-outs have posted copies of a placard throughout
the town this afternoon, intended as a reply to the
statements of the masters. It gives the amount of
wages paid by Messrs. Hilton, Kay, and Son,
for the fortnight ending the 17th Dec. as for 59 two-loom
weavers, average Bs. Id. per week ' • and 41 three loom
weavers, average 12s. 84d. per week. According to the
masters, however, this was net a full fortnight, and
hence the difference. About five o'clock last night a
number of the county police from Bury arrived, and are
to be stationed in the town during the strike. When
our reporter left Heywood last evening, the magistrates
were assembled at the Queen Anne Inn, and had just
determined against swearing in special constables, which
had been previously arranged. There is every prospect
of things going on quietly, and there is some hope that
things may be arranged before Monday. The notorious
Pilling, of Ashton, is to address the turn-outs this (Sa-
tin-day) evening.— 11anchester Guardian.

BURGESS' ESSENCE of ANCHOVIES,
Warehouse, Hi 7, STRAND, corner of the Savoy-steps, London.
JOHN BURGESS and SON, being apprised of the numerous en-
deavours made by many persons to impose a spurious article for their
make, feel it incumbent on them to request the attention of the
public, in purchasing what they conceive to be the original to ob-
.erve the Name and Address correspond with the above. The gene-
ral appearance of the spurious descriptions will deceive the un-
truarded ; and, for their detection, J. B. and Son, submit the following
cautions:—Some are in appearance at first sight, " the genuine," but
without name or address ; some " Burgess's Essence of Anchovies,"
and others " Burgiss's ;" and many more without address. John
Burgess and Son, having been many years honoured with such dis-
tinguished approbation, feel every sentiment of respect towards the
public, and earnestly solicit them to Inspect the labels previous to
purchasing what they conceive to be of their make, which they hope
will prevent many disappointments.
BURGESS' NEW SAUCE, for general purposes, having given such
eYeat satisfaction, continues to be prepared by them, and is recom-
mended as a moat usethl and convenient sauce ; will keep good in all
climates.

Warehouse, 107, STRAND, corner of the Savoy-steps, London,
The Original Fish-sauce Warehouse.

T " TWO POSTMEN
An Anecdote for St. Valentine's Day.
Two postmen, whose duties you alt understand,
Were chatting one d ty in St. Martin's-le-Grand ;
And ladies, no doubt, will rejoice when we say,
That the theme of their chat was " St. Valentine's Day."
" I say," said the first, in the Post-office yard,
" Our duties just now are remarkably hard ;
I wish that St. Valentine's season wer 3 over,
For it plays a sad game with a Post-office rover.
'Tie all very well for the feminine beauties,
But as tor the postmen, it trebles their duties.
I really have so many letters to carry,
That I wish it were out of the fashion to marry."
" Well done !" said the other poor postman, " well done
But what do you say about MOSES and SON?
The additional duties which press en us so,
May all be imputed to MOSES, I know,
The astonishing charms which attend on their dress,
Give a lovely appea ance to all, more or less.
Yes—the cloth, and the cut, and the heautiffil stitching
Ara such as make gentlemen truly bewitching.
And then, as a consequence, ladies are smitten,
And that's why so many epistles are written;
Were I to assume such charming costume,
I should very soon hear from some feminine bloom."
" I perceive," said his mate, " I perceive how you reason
Concerning the Valentines' written this season ;
These duties would never have had to he done,
If we'd never hear I tell of E. MOSES and SON."
IMPORTANT ANNOUCEMENT !
The Public are specially informed that, during the re-erection of
E. MOSES and SON'S premises in Aldgate, the entrance to their
Establishment is only at 154, Minories.
A new work, entitled " THE COMMERCIAL PHENOMENON,"
with full directions for Self-Measurement, on application, will be
forwarded post free.

Mr. Toast seconded the resolution in a few words, re-
marking that the subject had been so well " washed,"
that he was afraid he should only mangle it if he detained
the meeting longer.
Mr. J. HUME, M.P., spoke to the resolution.—He said
that invited as he had been by the Committee to attend
there, he could not refuse his assent, although he had
been otherwise particularly engaged for that day. But,
as it was a subject to which he had directed a good deal
of attention, and as he had laboured long, and anxiously
waited for the period when effect was to be given to the
principles he had all his life advocated, he was more
than usually anxious to be present on that occasion, in
order to give his opinion as to this tax, and the measures
which ought to be taken to obtain its repeal. He could
not help thinking that if the soap manufacturers had
adopted the recommendation he gave them twenty years
ago, they would have had this tax taken off long ago.
One of the speakers who had gone before him had advo-
cated indirect taxation. Now he held quite a contrary
opinion, for he could not see the justice of the principle
which increased the price of a commodity the nearer it
approached the consumer. He had lived to see some,
and he still expected to see more, of the restrictions
imposed on the industry of the country entirely
removed. In 1821, being then a comparatively young
Member, he brcught forward in the House of Commons
a plan of finance, which he humbly submitted to the Go-
vernment as an improvement upon their fiscal regulations,
which at the time pressed with great injustice epon the
industry of the nation. Since then he had had the plea-
sure of seeing the tax on candles, the tax on salt, and
the tax on leather, once three of the heaviest burdens on
the people, taken off. The tax on soap in that day
amounted to 932,0001., on leather to 588,0004 on candles
to 380,000/., and on salt to 152,9001. Now he had seen
all these taken off with the exception of the soap tax,
which in 1833 was reduced from 28s. to 145., and this he
thought was enough to encourage the meeting to go on in
the work they had commenced. Immediately after these
reductions were made, the City of London met to ex-
press their thanks to him for the steps he had taken in
1821 ; but, he regretted to say, the soap manufacturers
neglected anufacturers
neglected to come forward, although the agitation in re-
spect of the other articles of manufacture he had
men-
tioned became general. It had been said that they
took off one tax they must find another to replace it. He
could not agree in this reasoning, and he was satisfied,
if the Excise department were abolished altogether, and
only two taxes allowed to remain, and those on malt and
spirits, the country would sustain no injury from the step.
The Government were in a position, at the present mo-
ment, to take off all the taxes that pressed upon the
manufacturer, and the course he was anxious should be
taken was this, that the soap manufacturer should not
fight against the glass, nor the glass against the soap,
he paper against either, but that they should all unite to
obtain a removal of the restrictions imposed on them, on
the ground that they were indirect taxes. No workmen
deserved so much encouragement as those of England.
There was not a more persevering or pains-taking class
of men on the face of the earth, and, from the highest to
the lowest, the industry they evinced entitled them to
success. What right, then, had the Government to place
restrictions on their labour ? Let them be epee and free
to compete with any and every labour-market in the
world, and not make them pay more for the common
necessaries of life than the French, or any other
It was on ese grounds
tats wld en-
courage them to go on. Without agonou in this
country nothing could be done, and therefore it was he
called upon them to redouble their efforts. Let them not
look upon the paper-makers as their enemies, but join
with them in seeking a common object, and that object
direct, instead of indirect taxation. They were now in
a different situation to what they were in 1821, and if
they went on there was every reason to believe they
would free themselves from the persecutions imposed on
them by the working of the Excise laws. Let them
attain this grand object, and they would find their soap
carrried even to America, who was their principal oppo-
nent in the foreign market.
The resolution was then put and carried unanimously.
A petition to Parliament against the tax was then
agreed to, on the motion of Mr. W. GLADSTONE, se-
conded by Mr. CATLEY, and the petition was directed
to be entrusted for presentation to Mr. J. Masterman,
M.P., and Lord John Russell, and the other City Mem-
bers requested to support it.
Mr. J. PATTISON, M.P., in moving a vote of thanks to
the Chairman, promised to give the petition his support.
The motion was seconded by Mr. HunnEno, and
carried by acclamation.
The CHAIRMAN briefly acknowledged the compliment,
and the meeting broke up.

FATAL AND WICKED CARE

natio

LESSNESS.
On Tuesday an inquest was held at the Commercial
Inn, Burnley, on the body of Patrick Markey, hatter,
who came by his death under the following circum-
stances :—lt appears that during the preceding week he
felt rather unwell, and not sufficiently recovering, had
been recommended to try arrowroot and milk as a
remedy. Accordingly on Saturday last, about two
o'clock, he sent his 1% ite to Mr. Heaton's, chemist and
druggist, Goodham Hill, Burnley, fur a quantity of the
powdered root. Mr. Heaton, jun., and the assistant,
being both absent, and there not being any arrowroot in
the drawer in which it was usually kept town stairs,
Mr. Heaton, senior, took the scoop out of the drawer,
and proceeded upstairs to a tub in which he supposed
the arrowroot was, and brought some arsenic out of the
tub down in the scoop, asking the shop-boy if he thought
that was arrowroot. The boy, having tasted it, said he
thought not, as it appeared to be too gritty for arrow-
root. Mr. Heaton, having also tasted it, replied that he
thought it was arrowr ) of an inferior description, kept
by his son to sell at the small shops. Eventually the
woman was served with two ounces of arsenic. About
the same time two other persons, one named Parley, of
Huncoat, were served with small quantities of the same
poison. On the return of Mr. Hopwood, the assistant,
the mistake was discovered and the utmost dispatch used
to recover the deadly mixtures. They were successful
in two of the cases, but unfortunately the deceased had
swallowed nearly an ounce of the poison about five
minutes before the messenger arrived at his residence.
Medical assistance was immediately called in and the
stomach pump and other remedies applied, but in vain,
and he lingered in excruciating agony until about six in
the evening, when he expired. A verdict of " Man-
slaughter" was returned against William Heaton, and
John Curl, the shop-boy.—Blackburn Standard.

CAPTURE OF TWO DASHING
SWINDLERS.
A few days ago the inhabitants of Tonbridge, Kent,
were visited by two fashionably-dressed persons, under
the assumed names of the Hon. Captain and Lady
Stewart. They took up their abode at the Queen's Arms
Hotel, and had not been long there before they called at
different tradesmen's shops and gave extensive orders for
valuable jewellery and clothes of the very best descrip-
tion. The dress and appearance of the strangers were
well calculated to lull suspicion as to their real characters,
and they succeeded in obtaining two gold watches,
chains, rings, and pins, of various descriptions, which
were paid for with checks on the London and
County Bank (a check-book of which the " gentle
man " carried in his pocket), and filled up in
the presence of the unsuspecting tradesmen, from whom
he generally obtained five or ten pounds, the balance
of the amount of the check. They carried on their de-
predations with great success until Thursday morning
last, when several boxes were removed to the railway
station, addressed to Mr. Dittmar, London, to be left at
the terminus at London until called for. The removal
of so many boxes caused some suspicion, and inquiries
were instantly sent to London respecting the checks,
when it was ascertained that the party was known there
only as a swindler, several applications having arrived at
the bank from various parts of the country respecting
them. On the return of the messenger from London it
was discovered that the parties had absconded. An
officer was dispatched by the railway after the fugitives,
who had walked a short distance from Tonbridge, where
they had a conveyance in waiting, and in which they
were driven off to London. Yesterday Moy and Blad-
ford, of tho M division, secured the prisoners at the rail-
way terminus, where they had arrived to carry away
their luggage. The whole of the boxes were seized
by the police, and found to contain jewellery and dresses
worth between 2001. and 3001. On the male prisoner
was found a gold watch and chain, a blank cheque-book
of the London and County Bank, and thirty sovereigns.
On the female was also found another gold watch and
chain. They were taken into custody by an officer from
Tonbridge, and conveyed back by railway to that place,
where they will undergo an examination on Monday.

THREE YEARS IN CONSTANTINOPLE ; OR, DO-
MESTIC MANNERS 0F THE TURKS. BY CHARLES
WRITE, ESQ.—Mr. White resided long enough in Con-
stantinople to make himself familiar, not only with the
outward features of the city, but with the domestic
lives, customs, prejudices, and modes of thought of its
inhabitants. His book is, therefore, to be taken as the
production of one having authority. He had abundant
opportunities of studying the people among whom he
was thrown, and he has used them with great diligence,
pPrseverance, and intelligence. These " Three Years in
Constantinople" may, indeed, be safely taken as a text-
book with respect to Turkey, its people, and its man-
ners. The very amplitude and minuteness of detail with
which it abounds constitute much of the value of a work
professing to give a full and complete view of Constanti-
nople as it exists—of its inhabitants, in their streets, in
their bazaars, and in their homes. Mr. White's useful
work is well worthy of the attentive study of all who
would know Tur:.ey as it is. Full, searching, oomplete,
it will dissipate many prejudices, dispel many- vague no-
tions popularly entertained of the much maligned
Turks.—Morning Chronicle.
PRINCE PUCK LER MUSKAU'S " EGYPT."-,7-We are
requested to state that Mr, Colhußls edition of this
work is translated by Evans Lloyd, Esq., and that it
eqqtaiii4 about i pages of the German original, not to
he fin in any other translation, Ttlpp Daps cola
prise the very interesting journey of the Prince into
upper Egypt, in company with Mehemet Ali, the Voy-
age on the Nile, and the Visit to the Pyramid's.
Mr. Wickham, Chairman of the Stamps and Taxes,
and Mr. John Wood, Chairman of the Excise, had an
interview with Sir Robert Peel on Saturday,

Lumley has returned from Paris, and has suc-
ceeded in engaging the thirty-six children who are now
astonishing the Parisians at the Academie Royale by
their extraordinary dancing. Their graceful movements,
finished style, and classical grouping, cast all similar
effiirts in the shade. It is positively arranged that her
Majesty's Theatre will commence its season with a ballet
written expressly for these Viennese wonders. Of the
troupe dansante, Lucile Grai', Louise Weiss, and M.
Gosselin, the second ballet-master, have arrived. M.
Perrot is expected to. day. The rehearsals of the chorea
have commenced. New scenery is in a state of forward-
neFs, and all gives token of busy preparation for the
approaching season. The direction of the " Teatro
della Cruce," at Madrid, have offered large sums to
induce Mr. Lumley to rescind Moriani's engagement,
but which, we are glad to be able to add, have been at
once refused.

DEPARTURE OF FOREIGN MAILS.
The next mails for Malta, Greece, the lonian Islands,
Egypt, Ceylon, and India, via Southampton, will be dis-
patched hence on the morning of the 20th inst.
The next mail for Ceylon, India, and China, via Mar-
seilles, will be dispatched hence on the evening of the 24th
inst., in addition to the mails for India forwarded through
France on the 7th of the month, owing to fresh arrangements
having been made.
The next mails for the West Indies, &c., will be dispatched
hence on the morning of the 17th inst. The steamer Forth is
appointed to take them out. .
Fhe next mails to America will be dispatched from Liver-
pool on the 4th of March, by the steamer Cambria. Leto
.ers
in time on the evening of the 3d.
The next mails for Madeira, Brazil, and Bllenos Ayres will
be dispatched hence on Tuesday, tli§ 4t., of March.
The Bussorah Merchant, with tie Sydney mails of the
31st ult., left the Downs on rridgy, the 7th inst.

1 [ADVERTISEMENT.] —A POOR MAN'S LIFE SAVED
aboutßY HoLLOWAriI P/LLS.—Jeretniah Laughlin, a porter
the quays of Dublin, was afflicted for years with
shortness ot' breath, spitting of phlegm, night perspira-
tions, and general we of body, a want of appetite,
sick head-aches, besides suffering much from the liver.
This man was in the second stage of consumption, and
r.,,;; pected to live three months, when he commenced
the use of Holloway's wonderful Pills, and, by their
means alone, ho is now as strong, as hale, and as well as
ever bp waa in his life.—Sold (also Holloway s Oint-
mat) at the Establishment of Professor Holloway,
244, Strand (where advice may be had gratis), and by
almost all respectable vendors of medicine throughout
the civilised world.
ABERYSTWYTH.—On the 27th ult., a small
.. tad!'
this l "lonia."
aernarvon Herald.
ground
barrel, and on fire 28th, a vessel's heaq w board,
as
low letters or, ty black
- II Iwo Wiles south of p ace.
klttp, ipieikfiedYup

FOOT-BALL AT KINGSTON.—This old Englith
sport, which has from time immemorial been carried on
in the ancient town of Kingston, was this year exhibited
on Shrove Tuesday, with, if possible, increased spirit,
and not only nearly the whole of the labouring classes~
but most of the principal tradesmen and several of the
gentry of the neighbourhood joined in the sport. The
hour fixed for the commencement of the game
*I -a % eleven
o'clock, and shortly before that hour a band of music
ae.
companied by a number of flags and banners, and fol-
lowed by the players, paraded the t
was carried "ll'
The ball, which
was handsomely gilt,
before the procession,
which stopped in the Market-place, and, upon the
report of a pistol, the ball was kicked off by T.
Frecker, Esq., thQ ro '
having divideri ' .test inhabitant, and the players
, themselves into two bodies, Thames.
street and '
_Lown s end, the game commenced, amid loud
huz7- -
..i.s. Both parties exerted themselves to the utmost,
acid numerous kicks, bumps, thumps, and falls, were re-
ciAved by the players, some of whom also had the ad-
vantage of being ducked in the creek, in their struggle
to get possession of the balL The game continued until
five o'clock-, and the party in whose possession the ball
remains when the clock strikes is considered the victor.
On this occasion the honour was awarded to Thames.
street. The band then paraded the town again, after
which those of the labouring classes who had joined in
the game received refreshment tickets, which were pro-
vided by subscriptions of the gentry. The town of King-
ston, on these occasions, presents a very singular ap-
pearance, all the shops being closed, and the windows
barricaded. In fact, it is a complete holiday, and "foot-
ball day" is quite an event in• Kingston.
TUE ATTORNEY-GENERAL.—Letters were received
at the residence of Sir W. Follett, in Park-street, on Stnifady
morning, stating that the Learned Attorney-General,N' lesontle 28th
of and family, intended to sail from ~ p
acted to arrive ill
of last month, and that they might be exp _ ,
to
' of next week. We are happy
England the beginning
hear that these accounts also state that this distinguished
from his tour, and
advocate has derived the greatest benefit
is now in the enjoyment of good health.
DANGEROUS TRICKS ON RAILWAYS.— Two lads,
were on Monday committed for trial for placing Borne bars atrOU
the railroad, near the Tiverton station, which were driven Off by
the engine.—Sherbonic Journal

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Of all the republics of South America which have
shaken off the tyrannic yoke of Spain, that of Chili is
the least known in Europe, in consequence of its dis-
tance round Cape Horn. The natural resources of this
fine country in the South Pacific are eatirely unknown
to the generality of Europeans, whose knowledge of
America does not extend beyond Mexieo, Columbia,
Brazils, and Buenos Ayres—the Atlantic side of that
part of the new world ; whilst the South has been till
lately but little frequented, and particularly Chili, which
is, without exception, one of the most fertile and most
productive parts of that vast continent. The mountains,
or cordilleras, abound with mines of gold, silver, pietism,
iron, copper, tin, lead, and other valuable metals, which
only require the enterprising hand of Europeans to ex-
plore, to render it one of the most profitable speculations
in a commercial point of view. Its plains and verdant
valleys produce corn and every description of grain, and
fruits in abundance; and in the southern districts are
inexhaustible forests of most useful trees, for building,
&c. The breeding of horned cattle, horses, and sheep is
at present the principal resource of its hard-working and
industrious peasantry; but the introduction of European
machinery is wauting to reap the golden harvest now
hidden and lost.
It is worthy of remark, that notwithstanding the in-
testine civil wars which have raged for years throughout
the whole of South America, Mexico, and Buenos
Ayres, the republic of Chili has been iu a state of the
most happy tranquillity for the last fifteen years,
governed by prudent and sihatebitious patriots, supported
uy a peaceful and industrious population, and is, per-
haps, the only one of the republics that has kept its faith
to the merchants of this country, by duly honouring the
loans she has contracted, and which has kept up her
credit in the money-market or stock exchange.
We are happy to learn that the Government of that
country have commissioned one of their first engineers,
and Director-general of Public Work s, lion Hilario
a most scientific officer, to examine the different improve-
ments in public roads, machinery, hydraulics, mining,
manufactures, &c., that have taken place of late years in
Europe, so as to make a full report thereon, to enable his
Government to adopt those that will be most advantageous
and beneficial to the country. To carry this grand pro-
ject into effect, Senor Hilitrio Puliui has lately visited_-
the different iron foundries and machineries at Liver-
pool, Manchester, Birmingham, Sheffield, and the mining
districts, with the object of introducing machinery, rail-
roads, and other British inventions applicable to the re-
sources offered by Chili, and for the working of her rich
mines. One principal project is tocstablish a railway
from the port of Valparaiso, passing by the towns of
Guillota, San Felipe de Aconcagua, to Santiago, the
capital, a distance of 44 leagues, or 135 miles, which
will be performed in five hours instead of twenty-
four to thirty hours by the usual conveyance;
thereby opening a quick communication between one of
the most flourishing seaports in the South Pacific and
the interior. To carry this grand project into effect the
above-named engineer has, by special order, made a very
minute survey of a line for rails, of the different points,
&c., and he has found that there will be no difficulty in
accomplishing it, a 9 one part of the line will be along the
sea coast, and the other folloyving the river De Aconca-
gua, thereby avoiding two mountains that were consi-
dered a fatal obstacle. The scientific knowledge and
perseverance of this engineer have now insured the ac-
complishment of this important undertaking, which will
be of the greatest advantage to that country. We are
informed that several respectable parties in London and
Liverpool have made very advantageous offers to form a
company to carry this important project into effect, under
the auspices of the Government, which will be happy to
render every assistance towards its completion by granting
every concession. The Agricultural Society of this Re-
public,
some time ago, formed a subscription to establish
a society under the title of " Society of Industry and Colo-
nisation," for the southern part ; but they were not able
to realise what they wanted for this object by the issuing
of shares; since which, however, several individuals in this
country have offered to advance fends at a moderate
interest.
The great drawback to the prosperity of this influen-
tial Republic is, that the interior of it, and its topogra-
phical and statistical resources are not generally known
for the want of a correct map of that part of the State,
so as to be able to judge of the prolificness of
its soil, and the advantages offered ; and this neces-
sity being daily more felt, it is to be hoped
that that enlightened Government will have a general
survey of the country taken, on the return of this engi-
neer. As he will have to make various surveys for the
extension of the roads and canals, a map of the whole
country could be taken at a small expense, as the pro-
perties are not much divided, and it is to be desired that
the railway company, when established, will appropriate
a small sum annually for the completion of this im-
portant undertaking. In doing which, a geological sur-
vey of its mineral riches might be made, as it abounds in
riches, which at present are in virgin ground that has
never been explored, and the interior of which is un-
known. Its agriculture is one of the most prosperous,
giving 40 to tio per cent. Copper, flax, hides, gold, and
silver, are the staple commodities lei exportation, Senor
Pulini has had ne little treuble in compiling a series or reports on the public buildings, prisons, hospitals, and
manufactories of this country, and particularising those
that will be most alepted to Chili, which have been the
result of the greatest labour. This Commission having
be :.,n confided to him, there is no doubt of great improve-
ments being made by his intelligent Government on his
return, and it is pleasing to find that they have such art experienced officer in that part of the southern hemis-
phere to advance the prosperity of his country and its
inhabitants. He has eommueicated, since his stay in
England, some very important problems on different
subjects hitherto undissolved in Europe, one respecting
observations made by the barometer, which must be
four inches longer than in this country to be exact in
America, and rendering the needle of the compass cor-
rect in South America, which is not expressed in any
tables published, as well as its inclination. In taking
levels no proper distinction has been made between the
true and the apparent, and the refreeton of lieht, &0.,
which have hitherto been incomprehensible. These he
has been able to expound by remedying all these phe-
nomena, and raising his plans with the greatest correct-
ness, and no doubt his operations will be duly appre-
ciated by his Government on his return to Chili, so that
he may give those informations for the welfare of his
country.
The progress of emigration in Chili has been most
extraordinary since that Republic has been firmly estab-
lished and had an uninterrupted peace for the last fifteen
years. Formerly the vessels only used to bring ten,
twenty, or thirty passengers per annum, but last year
there were no less than 500 emigrants arrived from New. South Wales in four ships, all experienced English arti-
sans or mechanics, who immediately obtained employ-
ment. The revenues of the Government since that
period have more than doubled, and its credit has ad-
vanced with a most extraordinary rapidity in Europe.
In London at present, its bonds are at 105, which every
one knows are punctually paid. Tho liberty and se-
curity of its subjects is observed in the strictest manner,
and although the religion of the State is Roman Catholic,
those of a different creed are unmolested in their wor.
ship. Wheat is at four to five shillings per cwt ; pota-
toes two shillings ; beef, &c. at twopence per lb.; poul-
try, fish, fruit, and every description of vegetables, ex-
tremely cheap. It is only necessary to know the moun-
tains or cordilleras to discover its mineral riches, which
are most extensive, and are at present unexplored, and
any enterprising speculators could easily obtain, at an
expenditure of 3,0001. to 4,0001., a correct survey of this valuable range of mineral treasure, gold, silver, platina,
iron, copper, &c., now buried in the earth, as every
facility would be given by the Government to work the
mines. The Pacific Steam Navigation Company at Val-
paraiso has proved an excellent speculation, and two
more steamers are being built in this country for that
station, and when 'the railway is established from that
port to Santiago, the advantages to English enterprise
for mining will be immense.
Mr