The Sun.
London, England, 1845-07-07 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, MONDAY EVENING, JULY 7,
_1845.

THE WEATHER.-Sux OFFICE, JULY 7.

THERMOMETER, Lowest, 55 ; Highest, '75 ; Noon, 78.

BAROMETER, 30.08.-WIND, W.

NoTr.—The figures which follow the words "Lowest" and
" Highest" denote the lowest and highest state of the
Taermometer during the preceding twenty-four hours. All
the other observations are made at noon.

HIGH WATER AT LONDON-BRIDGE TIIIS DAY.
Morning .. 29 minutes after 3 1 Evening .. 47 minutes after 3

reception of lunaVcs, and to appoint visitors," we 1
have no such confidence in the wisdom or sagacity of
our assize jurisprudence, as not to deprecate this
wholesale delegation of a most dangerous and delicate
authority to the uncontrolled exercise of those who
so frequently astonish mankind in their administration
of that jurisprudence. Great care is taken to enact
that " every visitor, being a physician, surgeon, or
apothecary, shall be remunerated," but it is loosely
enough declared that so important an office as that
of the " clerk to the visitor"—technically speaking,
but virtually and practically, assessor to the whole
Commission,—shall be discharged by " the clerk of
the peace or some other person." We must again
remark on the heedless manner in which clause 24
has been drawn. "No licence to include more than
one house, but detached buildings, in certain cases,
to be considered part of a house." Everybody who
knows anything of the interior management of pri-
vate lunatic reception houses must know, that where
a detestable tyranny is to be exercised, a cruel system
of coercion to be practised, a refractory patient to be
punished, in short, any abuse or illegality to be prac-
tised, it is in these " detached buildings," from a
laundry to a dog-kennel, that those offences against
humanity and the law have hitherto been practised by
the native, or the paid brutality of masters and
keepers. What is to secure the fact that such " build-
ings" will all be faithfully described, or noticed at all,
in the " notice, plan, and statement" required by the
terms of this clause to be given ?
But we pass on at once to clause 44, which is in
these terms :

" And be it enacted, that no person (not a pauper),
whether represented to be a lunatic, or to be only a
boarder or lodger, or otherwise, shall be received into or
or detained in any licensed house, and no person (not a
pauper) shall be received into or detained as a lunatic
in any hospital, without an order under the hand of some
person, according to the form, and stating the particu-
lars required in schedule (B) annexed to this Act, nor
without the medical certificates, according to the form in
schedule (C) annexed to this Act, of two physicians,
surgeons or apothecaries, who shall not bo in partnpr.
snip, and each of -whom shall separately from the other
have personally examined the person to whom it relates,
not more than seven clear days previously to the recep-
tion of such person into such house or hospital, and
shall have signed and dated the same on the day on
which such person shall have been so examined ; and
every person who shall receive or detain any person in
any such house or hospital as aforesaid without such
order and medical certificates as aforesaid shall be guilty
of a misdemeanour."

If the framers of this Bill imagine that these terms
provide any security for the sane against the disabili-
ties and penalties enforced against the insane; any
protection of rightful heirs against grasping guar-
dians, expectants in reversion, and those other rela-
tions and connexions of husbands, wives, &c., to
whom we alluded in our last article on this Bill;
they must have strangely forgotten the past history
of these " asylums," in the occasional disclosures that
have been made to the public of the manner in which
they are supplied, sometimes, with their best, that is,
their heavily paid-for patients. They must have for-
gotten the frequent experiences we have of snapped-
up commissions " De Lunatico," granted on purely
" exparte statements" in the Court of Chancery.
They must be willing to continue that frightful
liability to sudden seizure, to the being dragged,
under circumstances calculated to " drive wise men
mad," before magistrates at any unexpected moment,
to be examined on allegations of insanity in their
conduct at no moment expected by them, and corn-
' mitted, without opportunity of disproof of charges, or
cross-examination of witnesses, to the horrors of a

lunatic " asylum." When Sir JAMES GRAIIAM'S
Bill for the regulation of the practice of General
Practitioners came before the House of Commons, we
denounced it as unjust and injurious to a very meri-
torious body of men. But if it be supposed that

thus presented to the monotony of his daily laborious
employments. Infinite associations, too, of the mos t gene -
rous and refining character,:may connect the poor man
with the well-remembered haunts of his infancy, or his
boyhood, by ties as powerful as any which ever can bind
the rich to any favourite locality of theirs. Of such
scenes the poor man himself, and his fathers before
him, have been the free denizens, at liberty to wander
unchallenged and uninterrupted. Does Lord:LiNcorzi
imagine it is nothing to this poor man to deprive him
of so valued a privilege ? Or does he really suppose
it is anything short of mockery, after so successfully
experimenting on the poor man's indigence as to carry
on such a Bill, in spite of all his protests and his de-
precations against its principle, to talk to him about
the value of a detail which will allow of his establish-
ing his rights at a " small cost," forsooth, who has
not been able previously to command money enough
to prevent those rights from being attacked ? Since
the Commons have allowed the Bill, (which, as if
further condemnation were needed for it, is stigma-

the certificates of two of the body, not connected in
partnership, and each of whom shall have separately
examined the patient, be any mutual or universal
security against the malpractices, the collusions, and
conspiracies, that have been practised under the exist-
ing state of the law; they who can believe in such a
result must be imbued with a simplicity of good
faith, and an easiness of credulity, that should qualify
them for the very first order of committal to be made
out by the new Commissioners.

The apathy with which the House of Commons
has hitherto regarded the rapid progress of the
" Wastes and Commons" Inclosure Bill, supplies a
most instructive lesson to the people. It is a signal
evidence of the utter selfishness which actuates a
vast proportion of those who call themselves their re-
presentatives—but who, in truth, consider only the
local interests by which they are immediately re-
turned—not the general community of which those
interests are but one element. Now, generally
speaking, the constituents of those who are returned
to Parliament are not the class of people to whom the
reservation of waste lands in waste, and commons in
common, is of the vital importance and even necessity
which we have so often been called upon to demon-
strate. The poor labourer in husbandry and
agriculture, the toil-spent artizan in towns, the
factory child, who even in its tender infancy is
harnessed.to that ponderous machine of human labour
which in some shape or other, but in general at a
maturer period of existence, it is the lot of nine-
tenths of our race to be compelled to draw—the in-
digent sick, whose only chance of recovery is the
moving about in the fresh air in quiet and undis-
turbed liberty ; it is to these that the unrestrained
ramble, the manly exercise, the pure invigorating
atmosphere, the tranquil excitement, and the healthful
ramble "far away," are "dear as the ruddy drops
that visit their sad hearts" at all other times. But
they, poor creatures, have no Member to return
whom they can bind, by pledges, to the advocacy of
this measure, or the rejection of that. They have
no immediate representative whom they can keep
straight in the path of his duty, or hold to compliance
with their wishes, by the controlling prospects of
an approaching or a pending election. And for this
very reason their remonstrances, their protests against
the present Bill are feebly heard within the walls of
the Hdlise of Commons. The " returned Member"
pays attention only to the particular views and ob-
jects of his own supporters in the borough or county
which he may happen to represent; and between the
comparative competency of its electoral body—their
connexion with mercantile pursuits, or with some
local staple or manufacture—and the proverbial disin-
clination of any body to put himself forward in look-
ing after that which is every body's business; the
rights of the poor to their ancient enjoyment of com-
mon and waste stand little chance of being vindi-
cated or even remembered. The fourteen or fifteen
Members who, last week, in common with Mr. HUME,
made a manful stand against the Earl of LINCOLN'S
Bill (for such we hold ourselves at liberty to con..
cider it)—that crafty, uncalled-for, and most iniquit-
able Bill—cannot long make head against such
a majority as that which disposed of the
amendment for postponing the going into Commit-
tee on the Bill for three months: On the
occasion to which we refer, Lord WORSLEY appeared
to act as sponsor for this ill-favoured bantling ; and
this was no matter of surprise to us, who had, about this
time last year, pointed out the repulsive features of its
predecessor and very near kinsman, Lord WoßnEr's
own progeny. But that Lord WORSLEY, who is a
man of considerable Parliamentary experience and
judgment, should have so committed himself to the
cause of a Bill which is a pet measure with Lord
LINCOLN, who has not yet acquired the former, and
never possessed the latter, surpasses our comprehen-
sion. We might marvel at finding a man like Lord
WORSLEY countenancing such a scheme as that
really one-sided one which is provided for the work-
ing of the measure. It throws all opportunities
into the way of the landed proprietor fo cheaply ex-
tending his domain, but professes to be especially
intended for the benefit of the poor ; ( ! ! ) and
Lord Ltric mg afterwards boasted that there
was no other inclosure measure, under
which the poor man (being minded, in the
first place, observe, to part with or exchange his com-
mon right in one locality for some allotment in an-
other) could do so at so trifling an expense. But this
is not the question. We ask, why is the poor man to
be subjected to this needless interference with his
comforts—this total bereavement of the limited means
still left him and his family for innocent relaxation
from his incessant toils, for renovating and renewing,
as it were, his exhausted spirits and strength ; and
in the contemplation of those scenes in which even
he can commune with the ever freshening beauties
and the peaceful aspect of nature, derive pleasure,
health, and moral improvement,even from the contrast

tized by the warm support of Sir JAMES GRA-
HAM)—since the Commons have allowed the.
Bill to go into Committee, we must hope that the
Lords will not neglect the case of the unrepresented
poor, but signalise themselves by discharging that
duty towards a class which the Commons appear to
be so much disposed to neglect. In the meantime,
we should really like to see in the House of the latter
some of these Noble, Right Honourable, and Honour-
able Legislators, who, on other occasions, somewhat
obtrusively and pharisaically, put forward their pre-
tensions to be considered the especial champions of a
cheap abstract humanity, come forward and declare
themselves on this question of a practical grievance,
by arresting, even at this late hour, the further pro-
gress of the Bill, and kicking it out of that House,
which ought never to have permitted it to proceed to
the stage which it has reached.
Lord LINCOLN'S championship of such a Bill seems
to us in perfect keeping with that fidgetty desire to be
fining which is common to men so young when
called to offices of high respectability. He would
rather commit an injury on a most interesting,
though humble order of society, than not exercise his
official jurisdiction. Not to originate ex officio Bills,
be their scope and objects never so invidious, appears
to be more objectionable,linhis view, than to set in mo-
tion the functions of his office, even though their
ac-
tion be to prejudice and extinguish the poor man's
rights of common and waste. How much it is to be
lamented, looking to the quarters which project and
conduct these Inclosure Bills, that the voice of no
manly aristocrat, like that of a WYNDHAM, survives

in the Commons to shame and banish from within its
walls this pitiful petty-larceny sort of legislation
against the old rights of the poor—incidental rights,
if you please, for, whether they be or be not absolute,
we care not one rush. Their force and character are
as clear under the prescription of centuries
as any title of the PELHAMS, and FIEN-
NESES, and CLINTONS, among all the parchments
in their muniment chests. It is melancholy, how-
ever, to see the heir of the house of Newcastle iden-
tifying himself with legislative efforts as little to be
commended for their constitutional or equitable cha-
racter as the " Public Works," especially within the
same jurisdiction in Trafalgar-square, which associate
a foreigner's notions of British taste and magnificence
in the adornment of a grand site for national display
with all that is paltry in conception, contemptible in
art, scandalous in execution, and ludicrous in effect.
Pigmy fountains, not allowed to play at night, for
fear of the derangements incident to the night air ;
colossal basins, in which the granite dolphins, and
basins and all, seem to be swimming about, like
atomic wreck, " ingurgite vasto," and a pavement, or
platform, which, in point of material, would disgrace
the inner court of a prison, or the works of a mock
asphaltum company. The Earl of LINCOLN should
be advised to strike into some new line. He will
derive no more credit from his attempts at commons'
inclosure legislation than he is destined to reap from
the preposterous failures that have attended the
mouse• producing inclosure of Trafalgar-square.

The Peninsular mail brings intelligence from Lisbon
to the 30th. Preparations were going on there with
great activity for the ensuing elections, and the Oppo-
sition party professed to be confident of success. From
all accounts, however, the Ministry are too powerful for
them, and seem determined to leave no scheme un-
tried to accomplish their purpose. The elections com-
mence on the 3d of August. The railway projects re-
mained in nearly the same state, though it is said the
plan proposed by General BACON for a line to the
Spanish frontier, had been favourably entertained by the
Government.

Madrid journals of the 29th ult. have been received. On
he previous day a report prevailed that a Carlist insurrec-
tion had broken out at Astorga, and the troops of the gar-
rison were in consequence kept under arms during the night.
The report being unfounded, the precautionary measures next
day were discontinued. The names of several officers ex-
pelled from the QUEEN'S regiment, on account of Carlist
opinions, had been published in the bulletins of the army.
On the 28th the Three per Cents. closed at 311/., for cash,
and 321 A for the 10th of August ; the Five per Cents., at
20% for cash, and at 2114 at 60 days, and the Coupons at
25 9-16 at 60 days.

The French Chamber of Deputies have passed the
budget of receipts—the last business of the session—and
their labours are therefore brought to a close. They
adjourned for some days, in order to give the Peers time
to pass certain Bills sent to the Upper Chamber, and in
all probability the prorogation will take place towards
the end of the present week. In that Chamber, on the
discussion of the army estimates, Count DE CASTELLANI
complained of the large sums of money swallowed up by
the colony of Algeria. Far from the country being con-
quered, the tribes had lately revolted, and cost the lives
of many brave soldiers of France. Even the Committee
had declared itself against the manner in which the
colonisation of Algeria was conducted. Baron DUPIN
declared that though great expenses were incurred, they
were not unproductive, and that ultimately the colony
would become a source of revenue to the mother country.
Even at present national property had been created in Al-
geria which gave a return of not less than three millions a
year, and the other revenues amounted to at least fifteen
millions. The Noble Peer defended the razzias as indipens-
able. The Prince DE MoscowA agreed with Baron DUPIN
as to the military operations, and believed that a complete
pacification would soon be achieved. Marshal SOULT
defended the course pursued in Algeria. Razzias were
an evil inherent in the species of war that was neces-
sarily carried on in that country. The vote was agreed
to by a vast majority.
According to the Presse, Louis PIIILIPPE has been
completely successful with the Court of Rome in refer-
ence to the Jesuits in France. That journal says :
" We had not relied too much on the profound political
sense, and high wisdom of the Court of Rome. The
mission of M. Rossi has been crowned with complete
success. The Superior of the Order of Jesuits has en-
joined all the houses of that Society now existing in
France to dissolve themselves, renounce all noviciates,
and proceed to the sale of their real property."

The Duke DE RIANZARES, Queen CHRISTINA'S hus-
band, has arrived at Paris, and alighted at the Hotel
de Courcelles, where all was prepared for his reception.
The following picture of the state of political parties
in Spain appears in the National:—

" It appears that affairs beyond the Pyrenees have become most
singularly embroiled. All parties are expecting an explosion which
may burst, no one can tell in what manner or where, and which may
end nobody can tell how. The Moderados are tearing each other
to pieces—the Carlists are beginning to agitate again, while the
Progressists remain in quiet observation of what is going on.
Christina, with all the zeal of a repentant sinner, adheres to the
marriage of her daughter with the son of Don Carlos. Narvaez,
on the contrary, opposes to this project an indomitable resistance.
Christina is anxious that her daughter should visit the Basque
provinces. Narvaez, who with good reason dreads some Carlist
matrimonial conjuration, wishes the young Queen to return direct
to Madrid from Saragossa. Christina brings forward the physicians,
who declare that her Majesty will be lost if she does not take cer-
tain mineral waters of incomparable efficacy, and which, let it be
observed, are only to be found in Navarre. Narvaez replies that
physicians are not infallible, and that sea baths are worth all the
mineral waters to be found in all Spain. Christina insists. Nar-
vaez loses all temper, and begins to find that Mme. Munoz is too
difficult for him to manage, and that things will never go well in
Spain until she has joined her husband in France. The situation of
the present dictator in Spain is singular. The rival of Espartero,
he is reduced to copy him whom he has overthrown. Espartero
ingratiated himself with the army, and, by its means, raised himself
and maintained his power until the day of his fall. It was by the
army that Narvaez obtained the government ; that he has kept,
and will keep it, in spite of all the aversion of which he is the ob-
ject. Espartero, who, by his sword, so long supported the re-
gency of Christina, found himself at last constrained to abandon
her, and drive her away into France. Narvaez, after having re-
called Christina, and, in effect, restored her to her former position,
both political and pecuniary, is probably on the point of finding
himself compelled to use violence and exptl this ambitious and
turbulent woman again from Spain, into which she returned only
through him."
The Three per Cents. closed on Saturday at 83f. 25c. ; the
New Loan, at 83f. 45c. ; the Five per Cents. at 121 f. 35c. ;
Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,140 f. ; Rouen, 1,027 f. 50c. ;
Vierzon, 742 f. 50c.; Havre, 830 f. ; Avignon, 970 f. ; Basle,
; 247 f. 50c. ; Spanish Actives, 37%8 ; Spanish Passives, 7%
Old Deferred Stock, 74.
The following are the quotations for the new lines :
Orleans and Bordeaux, 175 f. premium ; Boulogne, 112 f. 50c. ;
ditto Troyes and Montanan, 20f. ; Paris and Lyons

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