The Sun.
London, England, 1842-07-07 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAY EVENING, JULY 7, 842:

tcllto. pauperism existing in that parish. A pres,sitien
:ililN.:ai tie_de'that- her Alaj,..sty's Gisvecitment ieshould
'.l,•PiAls,ta',.e'the,e matters nit° their serous cea,i !era-
;,,,,,,'t'w•• Should devise *seine means for reli•-•nig the dis-
- -'''''"es 'or the coil !:rv. It was now twelve inot,ths
41,2`.'e., the Right Honourable Baronet had taken
'''"e•e• • He • had, at that time, asked for time to
tconsider the measures he might deem it right to pro-
se ; and now, after twelve months' considemion
would ask the Right litm. Baronet what measure he
t•:‘,3o
.prepared to propose to relieve the distresses of the
~,,Uiltertty. There was one subject which showed the dis-
erss
h.. state of the metropolis. Ile had had an oppor-
d ay- of seeing One of the largest pawnbrokers in Lon-
„?,11.• who stated that such was the demand for money,
',alit laklay
of the pawnbrokers had refused to advance
*ICY for goods, as their capital was nearly exhausted.
thu_eY used to advance 3d. a yard on cotton goods, nowtaewould not advance even ld., because they could buy
this goods at 9d. a yard. It was not only the poorer
I,lf 48 WIM were suffering distress— the shopkeepers also
I,lt distress severely. They said there never was a thne
Q-2,.en there was Si little money, in circulation, or when
I'l t.,i were so unpunctually paid for. Persons who had
Zret tofore been, in a good line of business were note in
3,,', "s, and looked forward to. the ensuing winter with
Z9st painful feelings. They were not likely to have a !to`etiful harvest, and if, as he believed, not more than tmr thirds the corn had been sown this year that had
do sown last, he was at a loss to imagine how any
r, could result from any measure which did not in-
-I,,eue animporettion of foreign corn into the country.
14,1Pristti •inereased as the price of corn increased,
14'.' respect to the late alteration in the Corn-laws, he
it that the principal advantage to be hoped from
~,zs, that it would open the -way for a still larger mea-
*6 ":f reform. He hoped that the time would conic
tiler '4 110 duty would be levied upon foreign corn, except
ja.tely nominal one for purposes of revenue. The changes
at'a tariff migh t perhaps ultimately produce some benefit;
sed,,lheY could not, for the present at least, cause any
.41`.`ife•eti°11 in meat, butter, or the other great necessaries
se34 ! The only other great law that had passed this
(:_n Was the Income-tax ; and that was a measure
the ea. would only tend to aggravate the evils under which
lipuntry suffered.
ti t 74 13ROTHERTON said that he could bear his tes-
thPY. to the distress which prevailed in Manchester
bev'eSS.lford, the seats of the cotton manufacture. There
Its "3 such general distress among the working
esil,P as at present. Letters which he had recently re-
-4471. informed him that workmen in almost every
ealpie,:` of manufacture were constantly thrown cut of
of ti;Ymerlt, Instead of being employed, many
derai; People were in a state of starvation, quite
4
%lee, ,-"yen of the means of emigrating to an-
ii4 eoUritry where they might find employment.
d 046 regard to improvements in machinery, he had no
taitrifr'g• Was a cause of throwing persons out of employ-
%%Z s '`III seventy-five establishments in Manchester the
Ite7:o•44inber of mills which, in 1e29, employed 2,650
Vota. !I', in 1841 employed only half that number. It
Ittt,.!tisa said that joint-stock banks caused the distress.
fe.,Lt was the dearness of food which induced the mann-
.torers to have recourse to machinery, and do every-
ai,rtg. Which would lessen the cost of production; and the
kiitat '
'ksPreailed where there were no ;oint-stock banks,
thit 7'''tat.tOtild not be the cause of it. The cause was
elestated by the Hon. Member for Leeds. It was the
vti:ess of food. The cost of' bread from 1838 to 1841 ,
Ivitlit'°°o,oool. dearer than from 1833 to 1836, and the
ttakc.Wal of 20,000,0001. a year from trade must do
the `,,•tg, cause the distress. When the food was cheap
deer price of wages was kept up, and when it was
tsaiicie'nPloyment fell off.—(Hear, hear.) Prosperity
183 c;. ' OnlY be insured by cheap food ; in 1834,
teiitt'.,alld 1836, there was a surplus in the public re-
itii„'e' in 1837 1838 and 18:39, there was a deficiency;
, ~
teartilir,red, therefore, that the revenue was in a mere
teptk? state in cheap years. It had been asked would a
try; h of the Cern-laws stimulate the trade of the coun-
tkle.,:keelievetrit would. The Right Hon. Baronet had
there-3,4141s -surprise that in such a state of distress
tilittivgnciild be new mills in the course of erection; why
Iteiia irki be the case under any circumstances, as there
eilibiesWaYs" improvements going on in machinery, which
to
ruler those who possessed the latest improvements
Niihee,r •
into further competition with those already esta-
NI, At the present time he believed that such
kese:Yera9uts were going on. There might also be an
tr the -so in the amount oesf exports, but it was sent out
As coUntry at less profit. He found, by reference to
eothrPulation of five of the principal agricultural
tis 7!, eqUal to that of Lancashire, that the amount
,thitt 1,,•74 by the former in the savings' banks was double
`tekiit-i,stil population of Lancashire. That was stif-
heiltit:"". show that the constitution of the agricultural
itehlri ton was superior to the condition of the manu-
tellh, ton
Population ; and such a result could only have
14 e 4 from the injustice of class legislation. He gave
tlic,',overnment some credit for the commercial changes
h lief 44,1 introduced ; but he was persuaded that if their
f e3'
etbo. ad been still more liberal, they would have con••
%pc, ?lir greater benefit on the country at large. He
~,,liet!'ii,suPported the motion then before the House.
,`lttl.i,: ,•4-MES was not an advocate for the total repeal
'qv ,-- "Pit-laws, although he thought that an Bs. fixed
1/4,'twould be preferable to the present system. He did
Ite,ra.•".helieve that the inquiry moved for by the Hon.
Ilier ,for Greenock could be attended with the
4441.4 beneficial effect, and he should, therefore, vote
te.t, the motion of the Hon. Gentleman.
laaitiPl ;110W,ICK was not prepared to vote for the
tieZithen before the House, although he felt much in-
beett7 to , the Hon. Member for Greenock for having
tha,,Qt -it forward. He thought it an advantage that
the' klc or the* country should have been submitted to
,_thi iC!Sligeration of Parliament ; but he did not
,17 ‘,94At the proposed inquiry could lead
N
,wi't
.14, iilioneficial result.—(Hear.) He was aware
~,-dPhalii.l4lkent had the power of introducing measures
s„,-4iiess-,,ut relieve thUprevag distress ; but it was
14;Ittaatuiat the house. had made up its mind as to the
la Otto, 14 ehrinn•es which they were disposed to adopt
gai,k,'.Afulsent session. He had no wish, therefore, that
-111 t '`"/Ig3should be longed . but lie did hope that,
„., a 44;
Ctitert
idle
continued after Parliament had been pro-
eirea'',,L4 Government would call them together again,
t-,Ma of the present year. He trusted that, if
>,'llf tii','„nanges in our commercial policy proved ineffec-
„,7 kiovernment would be ready to adopt, as a last
441 ti lo,_ , that policy recommended by their predecessors,
t'3,, ""u all - that they would be ready to introduce a
etilihn' Yea, le change in their new Corn-faw. The - pre-
I, Ittniu
.distress could not be effectually met by the
ttllliii•ions of charity ; an increase of employment
:1- tbelii,tluStrions classes, manifestly. the only remedy
titi.l), "I.!S under which the country at present, so
The argument of the Bight Hon. Gen-
ttl;ll,i.a.'":l7:ll;Viee-President of the Board of Trade, in
4ev.erzi4`4* alterations introduced in their tariff by the
„N.C.-lent, Was, that any increase in the impo:tations
rNinu...'`-'l't!igli countries must be accompanied by a corms-
aet -Kite.
Arad increase in the exportation of the goods mane•
this Comer • But the same principle applied
lip ell' oth • 3.
esil;'ti • or article as well as to the iinporta.tion of fo-
ssd eattle, In one way or the other, by legitimate or
1ki(%..1:4T.11,e, trade, it. wasabsolutely' certain that whatever
Am t hc," o: place in importationsfrom foreign countries.
hti 4 !net by increased exportation from the country.
l'e4;L;(l:eillsed exportation of our manufactures would
ttilho- toe amount of employment for our labourers.
~ey ,elrvi.he would a-k, under these circumstances, could
fq fo, ;ia to 'allow of the importation of foreign cattle
of sugar, and abOve all, the great staple article
a, I Ist%, ~,lib believed that the period the new Corn-lam
I:,..sfla* 'A Operation had been sufficient to show that it
104.ae''., snited to meet the purposes for which it had
;lii)7'zgacli• Tice present law had not, any more than
tt-!..rilli(h it superseded, caused large importations
.'st en corn at the. ime when such importations were
tile- esi e
it -toti„,tavle, namely,- when the price was rising in
,hibi.b..,,ry. .
Corn was still kept back in the. hopes that
404 Ila Z„,,,,t Ilter a time be introduced at the minimum duty.
A t itnow'ilyv had, besides this. disadvantage, that it did
b,l/larie any considerable importation of corn from
-1440' • That was a most ruinous evil. The best
4,?4,,,titi5f this country' was America ; and under the pre-
IMII)te of our commercial legislation, every monetary
41 to
in the United States was severely felt in
iti litl /e,
ikA,,, --'0 doubt, the late monetary derangements
~,9a . men
could not be attributed solely to our Corn-
),"!sii '•i;11,14. he was persuaded that the English Corn-laws
01' lEo.4eie- measure the source of the evil. In the
impulse
ksl,B,tivevri°, and for some years..falloewing,lagreatefthe United
ttia,(ast e.._toi the entFrprise.ot th
„'ert,,tkgtia s and railways, and ethpeerogicecat works, werend
hilli h ell in that country ; and English capital a
Ztitifx'L;SnOds 'were rmitted to America for the corn-
' r "'''"tiloie ln return for these remittances,
Ivit• iasi, , works.
s,Lltli .--unotbing but paper money, the payment of
ta'uitt,,i,lve never could count upon. The last return
.111104 e-could receive from America in return for our
-4 tures
14,, thit would be their agricultural produce,
a Nut . . return could not be made under our
ttht fel:Cern-laws. He believed that a fixed duty
I,ati he etilgli cern, even though it „ere greater in amount
ha. 414. pruenght it would be prudent it should be made,
tij,,l_enr7llee a benefiCial effect by placing on a sound
kwaitii„,,' 'trade with our best customers, the people of
411 t had States. Every argument which the Govern-
013ted used in justification of the proposal they had
°IN telativo to the importation of foreign meat,
4sK iluitif
stb„ t tn.„3 the adoption of a similar course with
"34 -"" Importation of foreign corn. He was per-
cAkit. That 'is
I- the • allowed the importation of corn from
kttet theirsusli ')'
4 ~,, ''s, such a measure would not. materially
a,,:• 'he interests of the British agriculturists.
of Iti,led that this country did not. now
we/Ilsli'inh-abllloount of corn sufficient for the wants
1%,.," to )cants ; and it was his conviction that if they
o),'"kii. ri,,7Peal the Corn-laws, that step would be fol-
t'astifrot •:4`..° much by a decree' se in price, as by an in-
le,,,,ffid onsumption. He was persuaded that the
kt "rih,llittin4 foreign corn now would be, not to
on
giveprise b .
the - • but to increase consumption. It would
hat',ner,i„,er°l4oyment to those engaged in producing
th,,,tne nres which that corn would be paid for in ;
se-95.: aCntages of this would be far from stopping
iti:y diteetip)resvnt they reduced their expenditure in
to !Lse theirs' but as they got employment they would
kenota and oPenditure, which would give an impetus
ki.iti dee intnerce of every description. Under the
ti.„s"tkaacre.ssion the shopkeepers had been econo-
hetteal 09th they and the master-manufacturers, by
Nt•to lef1?°! 4 lion and re-action, would partake the be-
'.
Illgritletlirtdrig prosperity. He was sure that
W4r i '114)11
tuti. lies, , • liarimet was aware that he
lit;"•cile„sest3tin•`' any clap-trap or exaggeration
tkt'ed thiii. • tit'itl,r these circumstances he still be-
4,,i,(tvaa4,foticirt;tlaxation in the laws regulating the impor-
atiPtiai4 • 7its the one practical remedy for the pre-
e.l4l,-i7tetlalto,sn.iljt,ftltlleet_
-413 erasion • people. He could not look without
people.
In the political cir-
te tut read
t, the country the maintenance of these.laws
110 r *ti s'ithe.niost frightful results. A very different
n,, to ~,, ..,,,sition was spreading than a-hat had
eheunsAte:v.,rliled• The opinions of the most violent
IhZthan what
sPreading among a higher grade of so-
rtl friu• "at had f'errned vile bulk of Chartist meet-
' - TZ::IYas- a, feeling abroad in favour of great
'';'• . I.' i*- ,',..t..:4-.1141.' izo:-.- ... -.1. •-- . . .

constitutional changes. Ardently ttS he desired to see
the Government apply itself w1:11 boldness to the remedy,
lie sear,ely expecti d it ; !ill: this at least they inieit .x-
-peci, that if the distres, continuecb the Government woUld
not allow the year to cloe Without advising her Majesty
to summon Parliallient, that some remedy might be ap-
pliud Ity kithers, if the Government was not prepared to
wil'iny one itself.
Mr. MORRISON said he recollected many periods
of distress, but none so aggravated as the present, He
believed that, as soon as the tariff question was settled,
this would do some good ; and deplorable as was their
situation, he did not dcsptilr. Had their veins of coal
been exhausted of their capital wasted, he should have
feared their condition was without a remedy. There
were few parts of the world which would not take more
of our manufactures than they did at present ; the only,
difficulty was to find the equivalent which we could
take in exchange for them. He went through a
variety of details of the woollen and silk trade, to prove
that the present distress was not caused by competition
with other countries, but from the fact that they were
not able to purchase more from us, while our system ex-
chided their produce.—(Hear, hear.) In speaking of
the present distress it was necessary to bear in mind
that the manufacturing population were the best ens-
tomers for articles of manufacturing skill, so that when
they were distressed the effect was inure perceptible than
if' the suffering prevailed among the same number of
the agricultural population. The distress of America
had not arisen from her being deluded by philo-
sophers of the new school, but of the opposite one.
There was no means of extending our commerce with America,
but by taking their corn and provisions in exchange for our
manufactures. Besides the condition of our trade with America
there were other causes of our commercial distress. There
was our position in India, and the withdrawal of capital from
trade and its application to the purposes of war in that
country. Then, too, there was the war with China. Whe-
ther the manner in which our relations with that people would
be ultimately settled would improve our commerce with them
remained to he seen. With respect to the measures of the
Government—the Income-tax and the tariff—the former coal
but injure trade, and the latter would benefit it but

very slightly. The only advantage, indeed, derivable
from the latter measure was it showing the tendency of the
Right Hon. Baronet towards liheral measures. With respect
to the Corn-laws, he thought it matter of regret that the
fixed duty proposed by his Noble Friend had not been adopted.
It was far preferable to the sliding scale, and would ultimate.y,
he had no doubt, be made the law of the land. As for the pro •
position of a free trade in corn, he did not think there was any
ground for the fears entertained of its proving ruinous to the
farmers. The price of corn under a free trade would never be
in wer than 50s. per quarter. There was then no reason to .appre-
hand such ruinous results from free trade. Similar apprehensions
had been entertained formerly with respect to lowering the
duty on wool, and yet experience had shown that the diminished
duty had worked beneficially to the agriculturist. If they
would return to the old principles on which the code was for-
merly founded, they would lop off two or three millions of the
population of the country. The population had within a short
period increased by a million, and if employment were not. ob-
tained for those people, they would be compelled to abandon,
tot only their sliding scale, but all agricultural protection
whatever. Even at the present time the farmers were convinced
that the present change in the Corn-laws was but temporary.
Mr. G. PALMER was of opinion that it was nut the price
of corn which caused the present distress, but our vicious system
of trade, which excluded our manufactures from almost every
market in the world. The lion. Gentleman went on to show

that the exports of cotton goods and other manufactures had
increased, and therefore it was not from wanting a market that
the distress arose. He believed it proceeded rather from a
vicious system of accepting the bills of the manufacturers,
whether in Liverpool or elsewhere. The home market
was the most important to them. It constituted six-
sevenths of the whole trade of the country, and they
ought not to sacrifice it for the other one-seventh.
The Hon. Gentleman who spoke last alluded to population, and
expressed his fears that it would increase more rapidly than the
food which was to supply it. In the year 1796, when the
p Isolation was not near so much as it was at present, the peo-
ple were in the utmost distress and destitutim. It ought to be
recollected that God never sent more mouths into the world
than it would be able to feed.—( Opposition cheers.) But
that food must be produced at home, and they were not to
look to other nations for it. Her Majesty's Ministers knew the
state of the country, and would legislate for It accordingly. He
did not therefore see the object of the present discussion.
Mr. E. ELLICE said that the House would not regret the
motion of the Hon. Member for Greenock, if it only occasioned
the excellent speech of the Hon. Member for Inverness.—.
He agreed with the Hon. Member who last spoke, that God
never sent mouths into the world without sending food to supply
them ; but if that was the case, why were they now
suffering so much distress when the rest of the world was teem-
ing with what would supply them 7—(Cheers. ) What was it
but an unwise interference with the bountiful providence of
God ?—( Hear.) He agreed with his Hon. Friend that one
great cause of distress was the decrease of the American trade.
Hut what was the cause of it ? He thought it was to be
found at home. He considered it was partly occasioned by the
measure passed with regard to the currency. He would not
allude to this if he did not see symptoms of the same kind at
present. After the year 1819 the distress became very great.
In 1825 a collapse came—they had exported all their gold.
From 1822 to 1825 they gave a stimulus to increased credit,
and consequently to increased production, and then came the
crisis of 1825. Subsequently to 1825—he believed in 104—they
did the same thing. They made an offer of a million of money
to South America, the consequence of which was that they
had a large trade with America, which being founded
on a vicious and insecure basis, could not be permanent.
The same thing had taken place in every part of the world.
This was one of the main causes of the present distress. While
they attacked North America as the main cause of the present
distress, they should not forget that the original cause had been
in this country. In the depth of the present distress, he saw
preparations making for a similar revulsion. In one month the
Ban of England had added two millions to the circulation.
Had there been no tampering with the currency? There had
been no increase in the circulation of the country banks during
the same period. If there were to be another issue of paper,
the country would be hardly able to recover from the collapse
which would be the consequence. He thought the Right Hon.
Gentleman did well to keep the subject of the circula-
tion in his own keeping until the time of the renewal
of the Bank Charter. He looked with jealousy to the
administration of the currency by the Bank of England.
He would rather have it administered by Government ;
but most of all he should like to see a currency regulating itself.
At all events, nothing could be worse than a currency adminis-
tered by a Government and a Bank together. He thought the
measures with regard to the currency had occasioned a great
deal of the present distress. He believed the Right Hon Gen-
tleman had been driven to a Property-tax by necessity; much
as he disapproved of a tax upon property. As far as the tariff
took off the duty from articles of consumption and raw material,
he thought it was an excellent measure. The Right Hon.
Gentleman had, in fact, carried out the measures of his (Mr.
Ellice's) friends. With regard to reducing the duties on
manufactured articles, he doubted if it was right to attack
the glover, the shoemaker, and his (Mr. Ellice's) constituents
the silk weavers—( Cheers)—while they were not permitted to
have food at the same moderate rate as those with whom they
were called on to compete. He thought it most safe to begin
with raw materials and with provisions, and then go on to mann.
factored articles. He was not so zealous a free-trader as to dis-
regard what other nations did towards us, more particularly as
related to manufactured articles. Feeling the pressure unsler
which the industrious classes were suffering, and believing they
had a right to have the cause inquired into, he should vote for
the motion.

Sir CHAS. NAPIER said the distress had extended itself
to the capital itself, as had been shown by his Honour.
able Colleague. The shipping interest of the country was
in as great distress as the manufacturing interest. He
knew how much the House disliked to hear an y details
regarding the shipping interest, but he could assure them
that the shipping interest was suffering the deepest distress.
The number of seamen employed, both in the foreign and
coasting trade, had greatly diminished. The shipping interest
attributed the distress under which they laboured entirely to
the reciprocity laws, and he (Sir C. Napier) entertained the
same opinion. He had always been of opinion that such must
be the inevitable operation of the reciprocity treaties. Ile did
not blame either the late or the present Government for the
existing distress—it had been gradually growing upon us for
years. The war in China was one cause, and the sooner the
Right Hon. Baronet put an end to that war the better. The
Chinese were not destitute of courage—all they wanted was
experience.—(Cheers.) He was opposed to going into the
interior of tho country, but lie thought we ouo,ht to retain
possession of those places we held, and tell the Chinese that we
should continue to hold them until they chose to behave them-
selves.—(Loud cheers.) He thought the last rarliament was
wrong in rejecting the measures proposed by the Noble Lord.
The country had rejected them, and he thought the country
was wrong in so doing. At all events, no blame attached to
the Noble Lord—he had proposed his remedy, which had not
been accepted. The Right Hon. Baronet et hen came into
office, and ho had proposed three remedies. The Right Hon.
Baronet had reduced, as he had stated, the duty upon corn by
one half. But the Right Hon. Baronet had produced very_
little good by the alteration in the Corn-laws which he had
effected ; and the new measure was as effectual as the old one
in keeping out foreign corn. He believed that would ever be
the inevitable result of a sliding scale, which left the corn
trade in the hands of a few speculators. He felt assured, for
his own part, that the present monopoly could not be maintained,
and that the growing wants of the people would compel any
Government to repeal it. With respect to the tariff of the
present Ministry, he should observe that the measure could do
very little goad to the poor ; a high duty had still been kept
up upon - corn, sugar, butter, cheese, and other important
articles. The new tariff would be utterly inadequate to meet
the present. national distress. The Government had lately
passed an Income-tax which would press severly on all classes
of the community.
Captain LAYARD said, that however great might be the
sufferings of the people of England, the inhabitants of Ireland
were exposed to at least equal distress. In the borough of
Carlow, which he represented, the number of the destitute
poor was greater than it had ever been known to be, and their
sufferings were unprecedented in intensity. The higher
classes in this country possessed immense wealth, and it was
their duty to afford some relief for the suffering people. He
should feel it his duty to vote for the motion of the Hon Mem-
ber for Greenock.
Mr. SCHOLEFIELD said that the distress in the town
of Birmingham, which he had the honour to represent,
was unprecedented ; and he should further say, that
he saw no present prospect of improvement.—(Hear.)
As a proof of the distress prevailing in Birmingham, he might
mention that a number of the pawnbrokers there had informed
him that they could not take any mere pledges, as their shops
were already crowded and their money exhausted.—( The Hon.
Gentleman then proceeded to read several communications on
the subject of the deep and general distress of the traders and
operatives of Birmingham.) He believed that the condition of
the other manufacturing towns was equally calamitous ; and it
did appear to him that Parliament should not separate without
endeavouring to devise a remedy to meet the evil. They must
either reduce the price of corn to the means of the labourer, or
they must raise the wages of the artisan so as to enable bins to
procure a proper quantity of corn.
Mr. S. CRAWFORD was anxious to address a few obser-
vations to the House on this important subject, as he thought
it right, as a representative of a manufacturing district,
to lay before the House a statement of the condition of the
borough with which he was connected. Rochdale was not
quite in such a distressed condition as some other neighbour-
ing towns, but still much distress prevailed, some details of
which he should read to the House. These would prove what
was the general depressed state of the country. As the bo-
rough of Belfast was at present without representatives in the
House, he thought it important that the state of this borough
also should be laid before the House. He maintained there
was no surplus population ; and if the people were allowed to
occupy the land, and support themselves, there would be no rea-
son to entertain any apprehensions from an increa, e of population.
There must be at all times a struggle between the capitalist
and "the poor man, in which the latter must be the sufferer,
unless furnished with something like independence from
occupying some land. To furtash the poor Min with Such
means of independence measures ought to be adopted by the
Legislature. While ho maintained the excellence of the
system of small holdings of land, he was ready to admit that
great abuses existed in the management of those small holdings,
a particularly in Ireland, But that formed no reason for an

hniversal condemnation of the system. Haying stated his
tiens on the subject, it only remained for him to declare his
intentkin df voting for the motion of the Hon. Member for
Ulteeneeks
Lord PALMERS7'ON said that he tegretted he could not
vote for the resolutions of his Hon. Friend. tic voted not
vete for those resolutions, for the reasons stated by his Noble
Friend the Member for Lendon (Lord John Russell), because
he thought the motion co broad, as worded, that it was open
to considerable objection. But he would assure the Hon. Gen-
tleman and the House that if he could not vote for the motion
it Was not that he was insensible to the distress to which it re.
lated, nor incredulous as to the extent to which that distr.; ss
prevailed. It was impossible for any Member who had
listened to the statements made in the course of the present
debate, or who had attended to the facts brought before his
eyes and to his ears, to deny that there did exist in
the manufactui log districts of the country greater and
more severe and extensive pressure from distress at
the present time than, perhaps, at any former period.
There was no person more anxious to alleviate that distress
than he. But he • expected the Government would have stated
some views of applying a remedy to the distress, and not have
confined themselves to praises of the people for their patient
endurance.--( Hear.) Were they to go arid enjoy their luxu-
ries in a few weeks, and prepare for the partridge shooting,
without affording any relief to the people?—(Cheers.) But it
might be said that the Government were trusting to the coming
harvest. If so, he could tell them they were trusting to a
broken reed:—( Hear, hear.) The summer sun would not
compensate for the rains of autumn, by which the produce of
many a seed was lost.--( Hear, hear.) It might he said that the
tariff would produce relief—that charitable contributions would
relieve the distress; but these would not and could
not always continue. —( Hear, hear.) A grant fenn
the public funds would not give permanent relief.
What then would give it ? They proposed remedies last year
which would mitigate the present destitution of the country.
The channels of commerce were choked up. Clear those chan-
nels, and prosperity would flow in their eourse.—(Cheers. )
The trade with North America had been alluded to, and great
distress was produced in consequence of the people of America
not being able to meet their engagements with this country.
But America had plenty of corn to pay them if they would only
allow it. to enter the country.—(Hear, hear.) The late Go.
vernment had proposed to deal with the duties on sugar, and on
this subject he heard of some mysterious negotiations carrying
on with the Brazils respecting the slave trade. There were
treaties already in existence between the Brazils and this coun-
try, which, if faithfully executed, would put an end to the slave
trade; and if the Government found that the Brazils would not
listen to their remonstrances and violate the faith of treaties, they
could point to the case of Portugal, and show that Parliament
was ready to give power for the purpose of enforcing them.
He had always admitted that a duty might be levied upon
corn and sugar, which would afford a revenue, while, at the
same time, it would leave trade free and unfettered. Those
were the remedies which they proposed to the Government,
and the Government ought to explain before Parliament sepa-
rated what their intentions were, whether they intended to
propose some measures to relieve the distress, or to leave
things to take their course until the distress should have
reached to a still deeper extent. The distress originated in
causes within our control, and the removal of those causes would
restore us to our former state of prosperity. At the same time
he did not think our commerce with the Continent of Europe
would unuctgo any great alterations. Political jealousies would
prevent nations so situated from acting on sound commercial
principles. Gentlemen who complained of the non-ratification
of the French commercial treaty were little aware of die power
of commercial jealousy in France. Those feelings had produced
a great effect during the Administration of Count Mole, and
recent events had shown that those feelings had not diminished.
Our Corn-laws had raised up manufactures in Germany ; and
it was to distant nations—the nations of America—that we
must look for a revival of our commerce ; but in
North America they were met by the Corn-laws, and in South
America by the Sugar-laws. 'They should look to Arica, to
India, and China. Notwithstanding what had fallen from an
Hon. Gentleman opposite he ( Lord P.) contended that the
measures of the late Government had produced beneficial
effects on the commerce of the country. The measures adopted
with regard to Affghanistan had opened a vast field of commerce
into countries watered by the Indus—.(Cheers)—and in Central
Asia, and if the present Government did not, by their weak-
ness—(Much cheering)—abandon that position which the late
Government had obtained for them—(Great cheering anti
counter cheering)—those countries would be found to be of the
greatest commercial importance to this country.
( Cheering and counter cheering.) But he did not think
the present Government Would abandon that position, or
that policy—(Ckieering, and counter cheerirg)—and he
thought so, because surely the present Government would not
have requested Lord Auckland to continue as Governor-
General of India, if they had not approved of his conduct,
and had not determined to continue his policy.—(Expression
of dissent from Sir R. Peel.) Did the Right Hon. Baronet
dispute that? He (Lord Palmerston) again asserted, that in
the month of September last, the then President of the Board
of Control had written to Lord Auckland, requesting him to
continue in office.—(Loud Opposition cheers.) Now, that
offer could not have been made if the Government had not
approved of his policy. He (Lord Palmerston) could not sup-
pose that they would ask Lord Auckland to continue in office in
September merely to dismiss him in December.—( Cheers )
Those who spoke of India in the spirit in which those taunting
cheers had been given, could know but very little of the sub-
ject ; and he contended that the late Government had,
by their policy in Central Asia, opened a great field for
the commercial exertions of this country,—( Great cheering.)
Our operations in China were also calculated to lead to ex-
tended commercial relations with that country. The Right
Hon. Baronet, the Secretary of State for the Home Depart-
ment, had told them of the dangers of declaring war against an
empire containing 300,000,000 men ; from all that had been
seen of those 300,000,000 he thought they were more likely to
attract our attention as probable consumers of our manufac-
tures than to be dreaded as enemies in iwar. The only dif-
ficulty we had hitherto encountered in China was in finding
troops sufficient to garrison our conquests.—(Cheers and
counter cheers.) Last year a merchant had showed him (Lord
P.) a piece of printed cotton, which had been purchased in(
Chusan, and he assured him that cotton of superior quality could
be manufactured in this country, sent out to Chusan, and sold at
half the price.—(Cheeis ) What a field was thus opened for
the development of our commerce ?—(Cheers.) Those who
derided those advantages were little qualified to judge on the
subject (Cheers)—aud could have little feeling for the distress
of the country, which could only be alleviated by opening fresh
markets for the product of its industry. The distress was ur-
gent, and some remedy must be applied; he conjured the Go-
vernment, therefore, not to adhere to the laws so recently
passed, if better remedies could be devised. Something must
be done before the approaching winter, and if measures of
remedy were proposed by any party whatever, he would not
withhold his support from them.—( Cheers.)
Lord STANLEY assured the House that he did not, at
that hour of the night, intend to detain the House with any
lengthened observations. But if the Noble Lord believed that
her Majesty's Government were going to fold their arms and
look on the coming harVest with indifference, he took a very
different view of the state of things which had been left to them
by the Noble Lord and his colleagues than the Government
did.—( Hear, hear.) There was much in the present distress
beyond the reach of human legislathm.—(" No, no.") What !
would any man tell him that their distress was not greatly aggra-
vated by the deficient harvests of the last two years?—(" No,
no, the Corn-laws.") He would not be tempted to enter upon
a question that had been discussed over and over again. The
most perfect freedom of trade would not ;have made up for
the effects of these deficient harvests. But the Govern-
ment did look forward with hope to an earlier
and more abundant harvest in the present year.
The Government did look forward with more of hope and less
of despondency than the Noble Lord appeared anxious to infuse
into the people, to the relief to be expected from an early and
abundant harvest. As to the policy of the Noble Lord, he
every where found British commerce paralyzed by it.—
(Cheers.) The Noble Lord had told them with truth, that
we must not look to any great extension of our commerce with
the continent of Europe, but that we must look to foreign coun-
tries. Why, in America our efforts to extend our com-
merce were met by jealousies andquarrels, engendered under the
administration of the Noble Lord. In South America—in the
States bordering on the snores of the Atlantic and the Pacific,
difficulties and embarrassments were experienced from the
Noble Lord's interference. In China, too, so far from having
commercial prosperity we were engaged in a war, the end of
which it was difficult to foresee. In India, the only result of
the Noble Lord's policy was, to leave to the present
Government the task of remedying the evils which
that meddling policy had entailed upon this country.
He joined with him in deprecating the motion of the Hon.
Me.nber for Greenock as one which, in the present state of the
country, could lead to definite result. Various causes had been
assigned for the distress of the country, and as fit subjects for
inquiry by different Hon. Gentlemen. The Corn-laws, the
Poor-lows, the currency, the increase of machinery, the mone-
tary distress of the United States, the war in China, the war in
India, the increase of population, the tarif; commercial
treaties, large farms, reciprocity treaties, free trade, want
of education, want of emigration, the timber duties, were
assigned by different speakers during the debate as
the causes of the present distress of the country. Now
it was required to ascertain whether each or all of them
contributed to this distress. The Hon. Members for Inverness
and Coventry attributed a great portion of the distress to the
monetary derangements between this country and America. It
would be imrossible for the Government to go over the whole
of those causes, but after what had fallen from the Noble Lord
as to what had been done by him and those with whom he was
connected, to give increased energy to the commerce of the
country, to endanger which would exhibit the greatest imbeei-
lily on the part of the Government, he could not help rising,
when, on every side, he saw the danger that ensued from the
individual policy of the Noble Lord.—(Cheers.)
Mr. ELLICE said the Noble Lord had misunderstood him
n nut thinking that he attributed much of the distress of the
country to the Corn-laws.

L, amidst loud cries of "Divide, divide,"
moved the adjournment of the debate.
Sir R. PEEL hoped the discussion would be brought to a
close this evening.
Mr. O'CONNELL said the people were starving; under such
circumstances, no point of courtesy ought to be permitted to
prevent them doing theirduty. The people were starving with-
out hope of relief.
The question having been put,
Mr. HUME hoped the Right Hon. Baronet would give
way. There were 20 gentlemen ready to speak on that side,
and there was no chance of the debate being concluded to-
night, notwithstanding the attempts which had been made to
prevent gentlemen from speaking. He had seen the Hon.
Member for Knaresborough about to rise—( A laugh)—and
had hoped to have heard his opinions, but he had seen that
after some conversation with an Hon. Gentleman, the Hon.
Member had sat down.—( Cheers and laughter. )
Mr. FERRAND was about to rise to tell the Hon. Gen-
tlemen opposite that. this debate had been raised merely to
throw impedinterts in the way of the Government, and that
the working classes looked upon them as the veriest humbugs
in the world.—( Cheers.) It was true that he had been re-
quested not to speak, as it might tend to create delay.
Mr. HAWES begged to tell the Hon. Gentleman who had
made use of terms so unparliamentary that they were undaunted
by his menaces, and determined that the debate should be
adjourned. If the, Government was so anxious for supply,
why did they not make a House on Monday night?—( Cheers. )
On what ground did the Hon. Mentber make the attack he
had done, and in language so very unparliamentary ?
( Hear, hear.) He (Mr. Hawes) had intended to address
the House to-night; but he had not had an opportunity, and
until the Noble Lord rose and elicited the indiscreet speech of
the Noble Lord, the Secretary for the Colonies, not a single
Member of the Government had risen to state the opinions of
the Government on the subject. Could he forget the conduct
Pursued by the Government when in opposition, to prevent their
opponents getting a Committee of Supply?
Mr. FERRAND wished to knew whether the Speaker or
the Hon. Member for Lambeth was the proper judge of what
was, or what was not, unparliamentary language ?
Mr. C. BULLER said, as the authority of the Speaker had
been appealed to, he should wish him to decide whether this was
the only assembly of gentlemen where one Member could get
up and call all opposed to him a « set of humbug's ?"
Mr. CRIPPS regretted that the Member for Lambeth had
taunted the Government with not making a House on Monday.
nor should he be suspected of a factious op-
Mr. MUNTZ had no fear of being moldered a humbug by
the''sv'e Right Hon. Baronet would consent to the
Government or the nom service. He there-
afptoreho
jesoiwturwi
00.1nrsklitidneaog.tgGs
.
Sir ROBERT PEEL sad that the inpression ti et the
prtvent 'a Housebeenmade on
Government had intolferecl

Monday was quite erroneous; all the Members of the Govern-
ment were engaged in investigating the charge of the last scan-
dalous and cow Ardly attack on her -Majesty. They heard that
there was no House with great regret, as it was a serious
injury to the public service,_( Hear.) They had thought
from the number of Committees sitting, that they could trust to
them to make a Houso. He should certainly take the sense of
the House on the question, and if the adjournment should be
necessary, he trus'ed the House would consent to its being fixed
for to-morrow, and that it should have precedence of all other
business.

After a few words from Mr. BARING,
General JOHNSON said, he believed that the estimate the
Ministers were so anxious to bring on in the Committee of
Su, ply, was only that for their own pay.—( Hear, hear.)
The House then divided. The numbers were—
For the adjournment ................. 84
Against it
Majority against the adjournment —B9
On our entrairze tato the gallery,
Mr. HUME was addressing the House, and moved its ad-
journment.
The question having been put,
Sir R. PEEL said that the sense of the House was sufficiently
indicated by the decision to which it had come ; but he would
not persevere in continuing a profitless discussion. He hoped,
however, that those who had motions for to-morrow would give
way. He aho hoped that the Hon. Gentleman would not press
his motion for the adjournment of the House.
Mr. H E consented.
The motion for the adjournment of the House was then put
and negatived, and,
On the motion of Mr. O'CONNELL, the debate was ad-
journed to this day.
LONDON-BRIDGE APPROACHES FUND BILL.
The London-bridge Approaches Fund Bill passed through
Committee.
DEAN FOREST ECCLESIASTICAL DISTRICTS

VATIONAL DISTRESS.—On Friday Eiening-
-k- (TO-MORROW) the Bth instant, a PUBLICMEET-
ING of Ministers, and Members of their Congregations, in
London and its vicinity, will be held in Finsbury Chapel (the
Rev. Alexander Fletcher's), when a statement will be made
respecting the present deeply alarming condi'ion of the labour-
ing classes throughout the country, and resolutions submitted
for consideration and adoption.
The Chair will be taken at Six o'Clock.
A number of Deputies n,w in town will attend.

LATE EDITIONS of " THE SUN" in the CHI'.
MR. JOSEPH' THOMAS, of No. 1 FINCH-
LANE, CORNHILL, has made arrangements by
which the Public and the Trade may be supplied with a
THIRD EDITION of " THE SUN"
EVERY EVENING at HALF-PAST SEVEN O'CLOCK

And Stibsequent Editions when Published.
The THIRD EDITION of " THE SUN" contains the
PROCEEDINGS of both HOUSES of PARLIAMENT
up to SEVEN O'CLOCK, and all other important in-
formation accessible to that hour.

On TUESDAYS and FRIDA;; a full Abstract of the " Lon-
don Gazette"—Bankrupteies, Promotions in the Army and
Navy, &e. &c., will be found in this Edition, the importance
3f which will be appreciated by AIERCHAN I'S and
BANKERS for their FOREIGN CORRESPONDENCE.

- - - ---
Advertisements and Orders for " The Sun" received by Mr.
Thomas, No. I, Finch-lane, Cornhill ; where also may be
)htained Every Morning, before Eight o'Clock,

" THE MORNING SUN."

TO NEWSPAPER PROPRIETORS, PRINTSELLERS
&c., &c.
rpo BE SOLD, a great bargain, TWENTY-
J TWO FIRST-RATE STEEL ENGRAVINGS, of
CELEBRATED REFORMERS, the original cost of each of
which ranged from Twenty to Thirty Guineas.
Impressions of the Plates (from some of which very few
impressions have been taken) may be seen at No. 14, Alders-
gate-street, London, where further particulars may be obtained;
cr by letter, prepaid, addressed to Mr. J. Darkin, as above.
They are well adapted for presentation with a Liberal News-
paper, or other Periodical.

THEODORE HOOK'S NEW NOVEL.
p EREGRINE BUNCE.
Or, SETTLED AT LAST.
By the Author of " Sayings and Doings," " Jack Brag," &c.
In 3 vols. post Bvo.,
IS NOW READY.
Richard Bentley, New Burlington-street.
*** To be had at all the Libraries.

13, Great Marlborough-street.
THE MARQUESS OF LONDONDERRY'S
TRAVELS TO CONSTANTINOPLE; &c. •
Will be ready for delivery early Next Week.
Orders received by all Booksellers.
Henry Colburn' Publisher, 13, Great Marlborough-street.
Agents : for Scotland, Bell and Bradfute, Edinburgh ; for
Ireland, John Cumming, Dublin.

OAN of the GRAND DUKE of BADEN, in
_A the Year 1841 Capital Five Millions of Florins, to be
redeemed with Nine Millions, Thirty-four Thousand, and Fifty-,
five Florins. The Third Distribution will take place on the
Ist of August, 1842, when the following considerable sums may
be obtained :-1 of 40,000 11. ; 1 of 10,000 8. ; 1 of 5,00011. ;
1 of 3,000 fl. ; 2 of 1,500 fl. ; 4 of 1,000 8. ; 10 of 250 8. ; 20
of 125 fl; 30 of 100 11. ; 330 of 65 fl.—One bond, 10s. Twelve
bonds,sl. Twenty-six bonds, 101. An Official Bulletin of the
result will be forwarded to the Sharehalders.

For further particulars, and to obtain Bonds, apply to J. A.
STRAUS, Banker, Frankfort-on-the-Maine; or to JOHN
SCHULZE, Foreign Agent, 32, Villiers-street, Strand,
London.

HAMBURGH, JULY, 1842.
HIS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of
AUSTRIA,
AND HIS MAJESTY THE EMPEROR OF RUSSIA,
having AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED several DIS-
TRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, by which
LARGE FORTUNES may be obtained. HEINE BRO-
THERS, at HAMBURGH, are now Selling Genuine and
4.RRANTED SELECTED

BONDS for the saidDlSiitiltTFlONS.
Persons desirous to purchase may re:eive. PREVIOUS
to giving any order, the PROSPECTUS with full PARTI-
CULARS, uron addressing, WITHOUT DELAY, a line to
HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH.

As we receive frequently applications for CERTIFICATES,
we trust beg to observe, that a CERTIFICATE is QUITE
DIFFERENT from a BOND, and that there is a great dif-
ferenee again between BONDS and SELECTED BONDS
—the SELECTED BONDS ONLY TAKING PART IN
THE DISTRIBUTION WHICH FOLLOWS THE SE-
LECTION, and which should never be •verlooked, being of
the greatest importance. -

THEATRE-ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE.
THIS EVENING, JULY 7.
The Performances will commence with the New Drama, called
THE LONE HUM Principal Characters by Messss. 0. Smith,
Diddear, W. H. Bland, and Harley, Miss Murray, Miss Crisp, and
Miss Faucit.
To he followed by th, New Burletta, entitled THE WATER
WITCHES, in which Mersa .1, Vining, Oxberry, Barker, Misses
Murray, Crisp, Pincott, and Hughes, will appear.
After which, THE ILLUSTRIOUS SfßANGEß.—Bowbell,
Mr. Harley; Azar, Mr. Barter; Niza. M s. Hughes
To conclude with the Farce of A DAY WELL SPENT.—BoIt,
Mr. J. Vining; Mizzle, Mi. Oxberry.
Boxes, 4r. Pit, •2s. Gallery, Is. Doors open at Half-past Six;
commence at Seven; Half-price, a Quarter before Nine.
Private Boxes to he had of Mr. Grogan, at the Private Box.office ;
and of Messrs. Andrews, Mitchell, Sams, and Bally, at their Libraries.

ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
THIS EVENING, JULY 7.
Will be acted Auber's celebrated o;era of FRA DI AVOLO...
Yra Liavolo; Mr. W. Harrison; Lord Allcash, Mr. J. Webster;
Lorenzo, Mr. Walton; Beppo, Mr. O. Stansbury; Giacomo, Mr.
Leffler ; Zerlina, Miss Rom:II-Lady Allcash, Mrs. Serle.
After which, THE ARTFUL DOULlE.—Artful Dodge, Mr. G.
Wild.
To conclu,e with a Drama callAl THE CROWN PRINCE; er
the ItUCKLE OF DIAMONDS, in which Mr. J. Webster will aks.
war.
Places and Private 3oxes may be +ad of Mr. J. Kerschner, at the
lox Office, from Eleven till Four daily: •

All Advertisements of a Disgusting Character,
or Immoral Tendency, are excluded from
the Columns of "The pun."

•,.o\l c%,,Nt -
' j • _ ,4.1140, ,
,
, v
, s
0 • - -