The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-29 00:00:00

TALLOW TRADE IN PARIS.

An important case relative to a monopoly of the
tallow trade in Paris is described in some of the
French papers. The defendant, M. Riom, a dealer in
tallow, was cited before the Correctional Police by
three butchers, named Purget, Bellamy, and Dar-
delle. In the course of the year 1836, according to
the plaintiffs' case, M. Riom entered into a contract
with the Parisian butchers, for the purchase of tal-
low, and the contract was executed in an irreproach-
able manner for several years. Afterwards M. Riom,
on the plea that he. had incurred great losses, com-
plained of the contract, and asked for certain indem-
nities, which were refused by the parties. The report
then spread abroad that M. Riom had agreed with the
tallow-melters of Paris, reserving to himself the
monopoly of the article of tallow, of the trade in
which he had already absorbed two-thirds. Com-
plaints were made to the butchers on the part of the
consumers of tallow, who, from the scarcity cf the
raw material exposed to sale, were unable to make
their purchases. The butchers wrote to the brokers
to obtain an explanation, and, on their authority,
posted up bills, stating that the quotations for tallow
were not correct. Being at last convinced that M.
Riom had deceived them, they instituted proceedings
against him. Re admitted the existence of the con-
tract, but contended, that as according to its terms he
was bound to furnish weekly a large quantity of tal-
low, and as out of 500 butchers in Paris only 42 had
signed it, he was always forced to buy tallow wherever
he could procure it, and thus had no interest in raising
or depressing the market: The tallow-chandlers
complained that he had sold his tallow too dear; while
as to the charge of exposing but a small quantity of
tallow for sale, he said that he was at perfect liberty
to expose what quantity he pleased. The judgment
of the Court against M. Riom was, that as, having
become the principal holder, he had agreed with the
other rnelters that they should only buy through him,
so that there was in fact but only one seller in the
market ; as he had compelled the chandlers to buy at
a price above that of the bourse, or find the article re-
fused altogether under an exorbitant price ; as he,
being thus ruler of the market, had only sold small
quantities on the bourse by means of his brokers, the
months,uld pay
b
rest being sold at another price ;as he had thus created
h e fictitious
imprisoned pr prices, sfr h
four
o should , aefisnidees pa
yin
damages to the three plaintiffs.

PARIS.-It is said that there has not been for many
years past so few English residents in Paris as during
the present summer. The hotel-keepers complain bit-
terly of the absence of their best customers, and
many of the shopkeepers have no cause for rejoicing.
The improved facilities for travelling on the continent
cause tourists to explore Germany and the Rhine in
preference to France, and the " war fever" caused by
M. Thiers has not yet subsided sufficiently to induce
the English to make Paris their abode as of old. The
absence of our countrymen is, however, in some de-
gree supplied by the Russians, of whom there are
great numbers in the French capital. They are not,
however, very popular with the Parisians, their habits
and customs being so widely different to those of our
gay neighbours.

"It was known to the people that many abuses had
been committed by the late Government,/against which
the Sublime Porte protested, and respecting which
the Senate often, verbally and in writing, remonstrated
with the Prince ; but, as he paid no attention to either;
the Porte despatched once more the Councillor of State,
the noble Shekib Effendi, to Belgrade, to inquire into
the matter. When this became known to the people,
it desired to rise in a mass and come hither, in order
to lay its complaints before him and the Prince, to
which end those persons were summoned who were
well known and enjoyed the confidence of the people,
in order to serve as leaders. The people began to as-
semble, with the intent to come hither, and when the
Prince heard of this he assembled troops to oppose
them. It came to a battle ; and when the Prince
was convinced that he could not prevent the people
from coming he fled to Semlin, and took with him
some chiefs and ministers, leaving the land without
a head. In order that the country be not longer
kept without a head and a Government, the Pri-
mates of the people here present have, by common
consent, organised a Provisional Government by the
deed annexed (A), which has received the approba-
tion and sanction of the representatives of his High-
ness the Sultan, his Excellency Kiamil Pacha, and
his Excellency Shekib Effendi, in the deed marked B.
The Provisional Government will, in consequence of
this a it, and in all things,..proceed in conformity with
the Ustay.' By the present proclamation, therefore, all
the temporal and clerical authori▪ ties and the whole
people of Servia are acquainted that from this day all
'natters relating to the Government are to be
transacted with the President, Chevalier Abraham
Petroniewicz, and Colonel Chevalier• Thomas Vuczicz
13ericzicz ; everybody is warned in future to obey
implicitly this Provisional Government in all State
matters, as all authorities and branches of
the
Public service are desired to address them-
selves to the 3ame, that it may be respected as the
legal power ad interim. The Provisional Government
seizes this opportunity to recommend to all authori-
ties and tote people to watch over the maintenance
of tranquillitv, peace, and order in the land.
" Chevalier ABRAHAM yETRONIEWICZ,
President of the newly-organized Provisional
Government.
" Colonel Chevalier THOMAS
VIJCZICZ PE-

RICZICZ.
" Belgrade, Sept. 9."

(A.
"TO THEIR EXCELLENCIES KI) AMIL PACKA'
GOVERNOR
OF BELGRADE OF THE SUB-
AND THE COMMISSARY

LIME PORTE, SIIEKIB EFFENDI.
" Under the present circumstances, when this prin-
cipality is without a Government, because the Prince,
with some of the members of his Senate and the Mi-
nisters, has left his country and his people, who
wished to approach him with written petitions, and
has gone over to the Austrian territories, the under-
signed chiefs here present, desiring that the country
and public business may not be abandoned in the
manner they now are, and that the public tranquillity,
which has been disturbed, may be restored, have re-
solved by common consent, and in the name of the
whole people here assembled, to create a Provisional
Government, to consist of the undersigned,
and which
shall conduct all the branches of the Government.
All acts proceeding from this Provisional authority,
shall be signed by Abraham Petroniewicz, as President,
and by Thomas V
uezict Periczicz, as leader of the
people, and respected by all the constituted authorities,
the public officers, and the whole people.
" In bringing this resolution to the knowledge of
your Excellencies, as the representatives of his High-
ness our most gracious Sultan, the obedient under-
signed beg for your approbation, that they may the
more speedily proceed to assume the government and
to the dispatch of business.

" :GRAHAM PETRONIEWICZ, formerly Represen-
tative and Councillor.
" THOMAS VUczlcz PERICZICZ, Councillor and
Colonel.
" ALEXANDER Simi
cz, formerly Finance Mi-
nister and Colonel.
" PAUL STANICZICZ, Minister of the Finances.
" MILOS AM SDRAWROWICZ, Senator and Colonel.
" S. STo.toNEwicz, Senator and Lieut.-Colonel.
" JANIKIN GTURICII, Senator and Lieut.-Colonel.
" STANKO JURICZICZ, Senator and Major.
" S. IvANowicz.
4‘ J. WELKowicz.

" Belgrade, Aug. 27 (Sept. 4,,
(B.)
"We the undersigned Commissioners of the Su-
Mime Porte, here present, to whom the chiefs above-
named have submitted their resolution, signed and
sealed by them, for our approval, because the people
of Servia is subject to the Sublime Porte, whose con-
ptant wish is, that this people shall enjoy legal order,
tranquillity, peace, and security, and in order that pub-
lic business may be carried on without interruption,
and convinced, from the rights granted by the
oSfulbteaningtoghr a demand is deserving
Porte i considering, too, the
necessity of the speedy erection of 'a Provisional Go-
isanredol3ll)e;
vernment, do consent that such a Government be
composed of the primates of the people here named.
We therefore proclaim that all authorities,. and the
Servian, people, have to acknowledge this Provisional
Government, and to obey the orders issued by it, land
the
eat such I
signed by Abraham Petroniewicz and Thomas Vue-
zicz Periczicz. On the 4th Shahan, in the year 1258.
6, MBIIIVIED RIAMIL,
Governor of the Fortress of Belgrade.
• " MEIIMED siiEKTB,
Imperial Special Commissary for Servia."

improvement in the works are the
and the ..--.71--------_, ..
ty i
Tpiriorsitp.e—ctsTroarnquillls pert tee restored here,
all-absorbing topics. One furnace is to be put in bias I
ne was
at Penydarren, and three at Cyfarthfa, including the two
at Ynysfach, with as little delay as possible.-211onmouth-
shire Merlin.
EXTRAORDINARY DEER:—We understand that J
11. Mackenzie, Esq., of Cromertie, who is at present
enjoying the pleasures of his forest at Iftahtidoornrochhis,
killed on Friday week the most extraordinary deer
rpteirmhpa,psoveeVrerasseuernfainee
ot t
this. cernctrh
s, i2i inches
deep, and, on an average, was one inch deep over the
had also a very
whole of his back and sides, as far as the neck.
dlargreo.rorl
This plump
Carlos, so many
on both sides,
n.---- Inch Paper.
satniltaeloonfditthieond.eer kind, in a wasffoorreesstt,erseen in
although
obtei
gaicll, b
ye elegy en emn
epanoisnatsv,ela)nr
Spanish priests took refuge in I ranee that it became
impossible for them all to be supplied with sufficient
After the ultimate defeat
.of Don
maintenance. Consequently, the . French hierarchy
has been obliged to have recourse to foreign assistance.
The cure Pfund de Grendebrich was commissioned to
make a collection in Germany. He first applied to
the King of Bavaria, who at once subscribed 1,000
florins himself, and authorised a collection to be made
in the several dioceses of his dominions, which pro-
duced, including his Majesty's donation, 36,570 f,
which have been distributed.

TURN-OUT.
(From the Stockport Chronicle.)
Now that the whole of the turn-out operatives
have returned to work, it may not be amiss to put on
record the probable amount of loss which this borough
-has stestained-by.tha..strike.: furnish matter for
serious consideration for thinking ineriCif every trade
and class, and may prove a salutary warning, for the
future, to those who have been deluded into the de-
mand of " a fair day's wages for a fair day's work,"
without any regard to the state of the markets for the
produce of their labour, and the existence of oppres-
sive and grinding monopolists, which are fast ruining
every branch of manufacturing industry.
All history does not, perhaps, record a similar in-
stance of a cessation of labour so extensive, simulta-
neous, and protracted as this turn-out ; certainly not
where so much manufacturing capital and inanimate
power, as well as hunian labour. was rendered unpro-
ductive. Earthquakes, fires, floods, hurricanes, pes-
tilence, and the ravages of war, have razed cities, and
desolated whole provinces ; but we doubt if so much
injury was ever before self-inflicted in the same space
of time, by and upon a similar population as that
which this populous and important section of the
kingdom has sustained.
We are not enabled to give exactly the precise
number of different descriptions of hands in this bo-
rough, who for the space of full five weeks performed .
no labour, and received no wages ; but we can state
pretty confidently, that those employed in 'the cotton
manufactories alone, all of whom were out, receive
at present rates about 9,0001. per week ; so that the
direct loss, in this respect, is about 45,0001. But in our
population of about 50,000 souls, something like a
thousand families constitute the distributive class—as
corn-dealers, bakers, grocers, drapers, butchers, pub-
licans, milkmen, &c. &c.; and about the same num-
ber the various trades which are carried on in all our
town communities, as shoemakers, tailors, joiners,
smiths, brewers, carters, porters, &c. &c., and the loss
to these, from the stoppage of the whole stapla trade
of the town, cannot have been less than than 3,0001.
rer week, or, in the whole, 15,0001. And if the ma-
nufacturers are making only very trifling profits, con-
sidering their large capitals, they must have lost in
the aggregate not less than 30,0001. more. Thus
the whole loss of the borough may be said to be
somewhere about 75,000/. !
To impress more forcibly upon minds of every
order of intellect the proper estimate of the real mag-
nitude of this tremendous loss, we give below the fol-
lowing lots of different commodities, any one of which
might have been purchased with 75,0001.:—
Thirty-six thousand sacks of flour, a quantity suf-
ficient for this town for six months ; 375,000 loads of
potatoes (at present prices) plenty for the same for
five years ; 3,000,000 pecks of apples, or 25,000,000
quarts of plums, at last Friday's prices; 1,125,000
gallons of beer, at Is. 4d. per gallon ; 150,000 tons of
coals ; 150,000 men's hats • .300,000 pairs of shoes of
nil sizes , 1,000,000 pairs Of hose, at ls. 6d. per pair ;
or would have g:ven 71. 10i. worth of clothing, bed-
lug, and furniture, to every fami;y in the borough; or
it would have paid the whole rental of the town for one
year ; or the whole poor and other rates for three
years ; or have maintained the police establishment
for two generations. It would have supported all the
Sunday schools of the borough for a whole generation,
or have given a day school education to the whole of
its youth for ten years. It would have erected a ma-
nufactory equal to any in the borough ; or five work-
houses equal to that on Shawheath ; or have bought
and laid out, in the vicinity of the town, a pleasure-
park or promenade of several hundred acres, for the
use of the inhabitants for ever.

The above enumeration of the different commodi-
ties which might have been purchased, things done,
or objects accomplished by the 75,0001. which the
borough has apparently directly lost, places that loss
in a very prominent point of view ; but whether it is
so much actual dead loss is not so easy to determine,
because we cannot yet form an opinion how far still
further reductions of the profits of capital and the
wages of labour in the cotton trade may in future be
prevented by so extensive a cessation of production.
The lessening of the consumption of cotton wool to
the amount, perhaps, of 16,000,0001b5., at a time
when redundant capital was seeking it as a temporary
speculative investment, and the non-production to a
corresponding amount of cloth, when stocks were
heavy and prices low, must have a serious effect upon
the general market, greatly to the advantage of the
whole capital and labour engaged in the cotton manu-
facture, however those manufacturers and their ope-
ratives, who have been involved in the struggle, may
have suffered up to the present moment, or may
ultimately suffer, as compared with the remainder of
the trade.

In addition to the above is the expense entailed
upon the country (including the boroughs) by the
measures rendered necessary for the security of pro-
perty, and the maintenance of public tranquillity.
It would not be difficult to prove that the inhabi-
tants of Stockport have, by means of high-priced pro-
visions, reduced wages and profits, closed manufac-
tories and short time, and non-payment of rental,
been defrauded since 1836 of above a million of money
by the Corn-laws. Can this terrible scourge last
much longer ?

THE NEW DEAN OF WESTMINSTER.—Dr. Tur-
ton was Senior Wrangler in the
?year 1805, and
was equal as Smith's Prizeman with the Second
Wrangler, Professor Christie. Previously to his ap-
pointment as Dean of Peterborough in 1830 (having
succeeded Dr. Monk, the present Bishop of Glouces-
ter and Bristol), Dr. Turton was Fellow and Tutor
of St. Catharine's Hall, and in 1827 he succeeded Dr.
Kave, Bishop of Lincoln, as Regius Professor of Di-
vinity. At present we have heard but one name men-
tioned as likely to be that of Dr. Turton's successor,
the Rev. John Graham, D.D., Master of Christ's
College, and Chaplain to his Royal Highness Prince
Alhert.--Cambridge Aduertiser.
COLBURN'S NEW MONTHLY MAGAZINE FOR OC-
TOBER.—The amusing editor of the New Monthly
Magazine, Thomas Hood, has been, we are glad to
see, even more liberal than usual in his contributions
this month. The first being a humorous poem, in the
style of George Colman, entitled " More Hullah-
halo();, which is followed by an epigram " On a late
Cattle Show in Smithfield," a third poem called " The
Season," a prose jest with the title of " Horse and
Foot," and an excellent paper on " Shakspeare."
Horace Smith continues his " Short Rides in an
Author's Omnibus," besides contributing a clever
poem called "The Sun's Eclipse," and Mrs. Trollope
proceeds with the "Barnabys in America" with in-
creased. effect. In addition we find an interesting
story by Miss Youatt, with the title of "The Student
of Louvain ;" another clever narrative called " The
Curate of Mossbury," from the pen of the author of
"Peter Priggins," and a startling chapter from the
ReMiniscences of a Medical Student entitled "A Con-
fession." Of pleasant reading there is even more
than the usual average ; Laman Blanchard affording
one capital• specimen concerning " PerF.ons whom
every body has seen," and others may be found with
the titles "Contributions to a Fashionable Vocabu
lary," " Some Account of the Macaronick Poets,"
" Philomelopliagy," and " Settlements and Settlers."
Tim IRON TRADE.—We are happy to bear that tit
price of iron has advanced I/. per ton.—Carmarthe
Journal
FuoNie.—Notwitlistanding accounts from all quar-
ters represent the game this year to be unusually
abundant, we have heard of nothing in this neigh-
bourhood to beat the performance of Mr. Fortescue
Horner and Mr. Tudway, who on the 9th of this
month, on the manor of Coleford, killed 25 brace,
besides hares and landrails ; and this in despite of a
heavy rain Which fell during g part of the day, and
over ground on which but a few days before 24race
had been brought to bag. We understand thi tb "
the
bag" at Mells, on the first day, was much larger, but
there were then four guns contributing to the slaughter.
—Salisbury Herald.

Mr. Marr, for the Conservatives, asked Mr. llarmer
whether, when he said he resided in the house by his
servants, he meant domestic servants, or the persons
employed by him on the establishment of the Dispatch
newspaper ? Mr. Harmer replied that he did not
mean domestic servants. The house was occupied by
the sub-editor and publisher of the Dispatch news-
paper ; but he, as proprietor, had the power of re-
moving them—their occupation was merely permissive.
Mr. Marr argued that the occupation was not suf-
ficient. The Reform Act required, according to
Judge Bailey's decision, an occupation either by the
party himself, by his family, or by his domeStic servants.
Mr. MCIERISTIE being of a similar opinion, ex-
punged the name.
Mr. M'Clutiszin then gave judgment in a case
which had stood over for the purpose. lie said that
to the name of Francis Collisson, described in the
list as of Size-lane, a freeman and liveryman of th
Grocers' Company, an objection was taken by Mr.
Marr to his name being retained on the list.
Mr. Mart- stated that his name had been expunged
from the list last year in consequence of his
absence from this country. Nevertheless, his
name had been again inserted in the Company's
list made by them this year, and delivered ac-
cording to the Act to the returning-officer, which
is now before me. Mr. Marr proved that he had
served notice of objection on the 18th of August last,
at No. 6, Skinner's-place, Size-lane. The witness
who served the notice stated that he there saw a
gentleman who called himself Francis Collisson, the
freeman and liveryman of this Company, and that he
informed him that his brother, after whom the witness
inquired, had been abroad for exactly two years on
that very day, that his return was uncertain, but that
his family still lived there. The clerk of the Grocers'
Company swore that he believed him to have been
abroad for upwards of a year, and that he had not
attended the hall for some time. By the 32d section
of the,Reform Act it is provided that no freeman and
liveryman of any borough shall be registered unless
" he shall have resided six calendar months next pre-
vious to the last day of July in such year" in
which he shall be registered 'within the city or the
borough, or seven statute miles from the place where
the poll shall have been taken ; and by the 48th
section it is enacted that any person objecting to
another shall " give to such other person, or leav
at his usual place of abode, a notice in writing" of
his objection, according to the form there pre-
scribed. Mr. Wansey's first objection was, that here the
notice of objection had not been duly served, and he
considered that objection to cut both ways. First, if
Size-lane was not Mr. Collisson's usual place of abode,
then, within the meaning of the Act, there had been
no service at all ; and next, if this were to be taken
as a service at his usual place of abode, then that it
could not be said he had not abided there during the
six months previous to July. Further, Mr Wansey
contended, that upon all the decisions come to, and in
all the dicta laid down upon this question by the su-
per;or tribunals, and admitting that this gentleman
had been personally abroad for two years, his family
having continued to reside here, he could not be dis-
franchised on the ground of absence. Nothing was
offered whatever, showing the ground or reason why
his name was struck off the list last year. Since 1
was here on Saturday I have looked into some of the
authorities, and in all I have had time to consult, I
have found the Learned Judges striving against dis-
franchisement. Rex v. Mitchell, 10 East 50, the
return of a common councilman depended upon the
validity of the votes of four freemen of the city of
Norwich. They were substitutes in the militia,
and their regiment was quartered at Colchester,
but they all had dwelling-houses at Norwich,
in which their families resided, and to which,
at times, they themselves resorted on furlough,
within the six months preceding the elections.
Now, I think there can be no doubt whatever, upon
reading the details of this case, that these men neither
did enter nor ever would have entered the city of
Norwich within the prescribed time for the purpose
of voting., but they had houses there, and their fami-
lies resided there, though they themselves personally
resided elsewhere. And though their case may ap-
pear to be a little different to the one we are now
dealing with, from the circumstance of their having
been in the militia, yet the opinions expressed by the
Learned Judges for holding them to be inhabitants of
Norwich do not seem to me to have proceeded so far
(if at all) upon their personal appearance once or
twice in the town, as upon the facts of their having
houses there, and their families residing there. Lord
Ellenborough,i Chief Justice, said, in giving judg-
ment, "The Act required, and ought to receive a
reasonable construction. The Act meant to secure
the right of voting for corporate offices to the free-
men, bona fide inhabitants of the city for a cer-
tain period before the election, and is therefore sa-
tisfied by a bona fide inhabitancy. The Norwich men
were bona fide inhabitants of the city." Mr. Justice
Grose, Mr. Justice Le Blanc, and Mr. Justice Bay-
ley concurred with this view. In the case of Rex v.
John Sargent, 5 T.R., 466, the defendant having
prior connexions with a borough town previous to his
election to the office of bailiff, for which "residence"
was a necessary qualification, took a house for one
year, and slept there one night before the election, and
did not return again for nearly a month afterwards,
when he stayed two days, but retained possession of
the house under his lease the whole time. The takinr,
of the house appearing to the Court to be bona fide, ,
that was held to be a sufficient " legal residence" to
satisfy the qualification required, " residence" having
been that required qualification. On the one hand,
it was contended that it was a bona fide " resi-
dence ;" on the other, that it was merely colourable.
Lord Chief Justice Kenyon, Mr. (Justice Ashurst,
Mr. Justice Buller and Mr. Justice Grove concurred,
considering him to have been at the time of the
election a bona file inhabitant. Lord Coke says,
" If a man dwelleth in a foreign shire, riding,
city, or town corporate or keypeth a house and
servants in another shire, riding, city, or town
corporate, he is an inhabitant in such shire, riding,
city, or town corporate." By a decision of a Commit-
tee of the House of Commons, it was agreed that
two persons of the name of Tilden by the common
law of England are such inhabitants of Winchilsea
as ought to have voices at the election, their said
n m-residence notwithstanding, because it appeareth
not that they removed to dwell elsewhere with
purpose there to settle, and never to return to
Winchilsea again, and that they kept no servants
or family at Winchelsea, yet they kept their houses
in their own hands, and might return at pleasure. '
In another case, upon the question of residence, Air
Justice Baley says, " The question is what is the
meaning of the word resides ? Italie it that that word,
where there is nothing to show that it is used in a
more extensive sense, denotes the place where an. in-
dividual eats, drinks, or sleeps, or where, his ramii y
or
his servants eat, drink, and sleep.i
Andn 1832,
upon a discussion in the House oc,Commons upon the
meaning of the word " residence, the present Lora
Chief Justice of the Queen's Bench considered that a
resident was one who, if lie were to sail to the East
Indies, yet leave his family in the occupation of a
house in Westminster, he would not by such absence
be deprived of his vote. ' Now, in these eases the
law upon residence, through the medium, as Mr;
y, s family,
'
Justice Bayley says, of a man although he
himself personally may be absent and have gone to
the East Indies, is laid down so distinctly and so ex-
tensively, that in the absence of all authority showing
that in any one instance that law hasi been repealed or
altered, I am bound to follow it.have had no evi-
dence here that Mr. Collissen is under any legal in-
capacity to return, or that he will not,9r that he in-
tends not, to return to his house, his home, and to
his family—all being now, as theyt °
have been, here;
and, therefore, though the. service . of the notice was
good, yet the objection being ,invalid his name must
be retained on the inserted.
Mr. M'Christie, the Revising Barrister, took his
seat in Court at ten o'clock yesterday morning-
A case Caine before the C
which the Revising Court on Friday- last, in
Barrister reserved his decision till

It appeared that there were several persons in the
parish who rejoiced in the cognomens of " William
Jones" and " Samuel Smith," and that the notice of
objection to these parties did not distinguish, by
stating the residence or qualification of the parties
objected to, as is the usual way, which of the William
Joneses, or which of the Samuel Smiths, was intended.
In this dilemma the overseers were not able to pub-
lish the residence of the parties in their printed lists,
and the consequence was that the real Simons Pure,
not being aware that they were objected to, did not
appear to support their votes.
The REVISING RA. ER ISTER said, the difficulty
which presented itself to his mind in these cases was
whether or not he should at once expunge the names
of the parties, as they had not appeared to support
their votes. Such a proceeding would, no doubt, be
hard upon them, as they could not be aware that they
were the persons objected-, to. Blame could not
attach to them, nor could it to the overseers, or to
the person making the objection, for the overseers
not knowing which of the William Joneses, or wlde‘i
of the Samuel Smiths was intended, could not do
more than publish the names without any residence or
qualification. Nor did it appear that the notice of
objection was informal, for all that the Act required
was—" I object to the name of on the register ,•"
not a word was said about residence or qualifica-
tion. Under these circumstances he should not ex-
punge the names ; but. he thought that the parties
objecting should give notice to the persons objected
to, that they might attend to uphold their rights, and
in future when the overseers found themselves placed
in a similar position, by far the best thing they could
do would be to publish the names of every person of
the name objected to, and then there could be no
mistake.
Mr. Trott, as the objecting party, at once assented
to send and inform the real William Jones and the
real Samuel Smith that they were objected to; and
their cases were subsequently gone into.

POLICE.IN EUROPE AND GO-
VERNMENT IN AMERICA.
At a meeting of the Birmingham Anti-Corn-law
Association, held on Thursday last, Mr. James Bald-
win quoted a small card, which had been published,
which he considered ought to be republished in every
shape and form throughout the town, showing the ex-
pense of the borough police-force of Birmingham, as
compared with the entire expense of maintaining the
Government of America. The following were the
contents of the card :

COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE ANNUAL EXPEUSE
OF THE POLICE FORCE OF BIRMINGHAM AND THE

GOVERNMENT OF AMERICA.
BIRMINGHAM POLICE-PER ANNUM.

1 Chief Commissioner 7OO
1 Chief Superintendent 3OO
4 Superintendents, 150/. each 6OO
10 Inspectors. 1001. each l,OOO

12 Sub• Inspectors, 701. each B4O
12 Sergeants, 601. each 720
12 Corn. Sergeants, 521. 10s, each 530
8 Horse Patrol, with accoutrements, &c l,OOO
320 Privates, 40/. 16s. each 13.056
11,000
Contingent expenses

£29,846
*UNITED STATES OF AMERICA -PER ANNUM.
Dollats
25,000
5,000
6,000
6,000
............... 6,000
6,000
30,000

President of America
Vice-President
Secretary of State
Secretary of War
Secretary of Navy
A Chief Justice ...................
Six Judges ......................

90,000

Being in English Money £20,812
. q ,
" Excess of the Birmingham police force over the en-
tire charge of the civil Government of the whole of the
United States of America, 9,0341. ! !
Tlwithollt is statement
is stritkhinegprivates
enough,
and e'
uaterns of
the exaggeration contained in it. The account of the
s:n
expense of the American Government does notbi include
i
the army and navy, nor
the executive Governmellt. The account of the Bir-
mingham pollee embraces the whole
expense. That
the officers only of the Birmingham
third as much as the principal officers police cost, one
the cited ex
States is a good Government of the lin'j and Judgeem-
s of
plifieation of our - o l frcl •al
economy.extravagance and their
1

it is currently reported in Dublin that Mr. Shaw
is to be the new ilia: ter in Chancery. In this case
there will be another vacancy in the representation of
the College, and an opportunity of more likelihood
well offe7 itself for providing Mr. Smith with the
wished-for seat in Parliament.
COOPER, TIIE CUARTIST.—Some friends of Thomas
eCzepeetri g
the late Chartist hinder, have been for some time
money towards the cost of his defence. The
roru4roto have
i,esluihoused him when it suited their perpre,
contributed liberally ; instead of this, two
(if no more) cruelly told the collectors they would uil-
lingly subscribe for a rope to hang him. It was reserved,
however, for one who had most actively co-operated with
him in disturbing public meetings, &c., to treat hitn the
worst ; for this fellow, we are informed, collected money
professedly fbr Cooper's defence, and approprintpd it to
his own use. Cooper's friends have consequently is lied
bills cautioning the public
_against unauthorised collee-
tors.----Leicestershire Aro-cur/1.

C.tsimury. .-- \l'e
regret to learn that an ag-
gravated and fatal case of assault, if not a case of
murder, took place in Calton on Wednesday last. It
appears that on the.day in question, two men, named
Robert Campbell and William Smith, in the employ-
ment of Peter Neil, nailer, in Main-street, Calton,
had had some difference or quarrel, when Campbell
seized the red-hot rod of iron with which he was
working, and, by thrusting it against the abdomen of
Smith, iQflicted several severe wounds or burns. In
consequence of this assault, the unfortunate man died
on Thursday afternoon. Campbell has been appre-
lielided.—Glasgow Argus.

LONDON:
tY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 29, 1842.

_+----

The American tariff continues to excite the
alarm of our manufacturers. At the meeting of
the Glasgow Anti-Corn-law Association, held on
Thursday last, a Mr. GRAHAM said, speaking of
that tariff--
A feeling of dismay at the consummation of this
measure was now very generally diffused through the

the manufacturing interests of the country ; and it
only required that a fuller conception of the ruinous
consequences likely to follow should be obtained, in
'order that this feeling should be still more widely
extended. It had been stated by one gentleman, in-
timately acquainted with the American trade, that our
exports to that country would be reduced from eleven
to two millions. Now, if they took nine millions
out of our present exports, they might easily figure
what would be the consequence ? Why, our produc-
tion would rise upon us like an inundation and drown
us. Even the half of that amount taken from our ex-
ports would produce consequences which it was im-
possible to calculate.—(Hear.) It appeared to him
that the public feeling was so strong upon this sub-
ject, that it ought to be taken advantage of—that a
movement for a public meeting should instantly take
place, specially calling the attention of the Legislature
to the American tariff, and urging upon them
make an approach to the American Government
wi
an offer for the reception of their agricultural pit
duce, on such terms es it ought to be admitted in o
this country ; and he had no doubt that, if such a
proposal was made by our own Government, the new
tariff would be repealed in America.—(Cheers.)
Councillor Anderson, as a manufacturer to some
extent connected with the trade to the United States,
could bear his testimony to the enormous evil which
would be inflicted on this country by the new Ame-
rican tariff. Those not versant with the matter could
not be aware to what extent the working people of
this country depended on that market for employ-
ment. For several years past, but for the trade with
the United States, we would have had comparatively
little to do in the winter months. During last winter
we were accustomed to congratulate ourselves in
Glasgow that we were not in so bad a position as
Paisley ; but he was satisfied that, had it not been for
the trade with the United States market, Glasgow
would have been in a condition worse than even that
of Paisley; and he looked forward with considerable
alarm to the approaching winter, in consequence of
the operation of the American tariff. If anything
could be done to rouse the public mind on this sub-
ject it should be instantly adopted, for he was satis-
fied that no adequate idea was entertained of the im-
portance of the question. He agreed with Mr. Gra-
ham that a public meeting should be got up, and Go-
vernment appealed to without delay.
What steps will be taken in consequence, we
will not pretend to imagine ; but we are well con-
vinced that the bulk of the middle and manu-
facturing classes are, by an unfortunate series of
circumstances, so entangled between their deep re-
spect for the landed aristocracy, their protbund
admiration for the system of Government which.
it has framed and administers, and their dread of
the lower classes—of late greatly augmented by
Chartist violence and Chartist Turn-outs—that
they will not take any energetic and bold mea-
sures to save themselves from the ruin which
threatens both them and the working-classes.
They will go on, we are afraid, submitting to the
landlords' misrule, and bearing the consequence
with Chinese servility, till it will be impossible to
restore prosperity. One demonstration of hos-
tility to our own restrictive system, if it be felt
by the bulk of the manufacturing and monied
capitalists, would be sufficient to put it down ;
but that demonstration will not be made, because
in fact the hostility is only felt, in sincerity and
intensity, by the comparatively few persons who
constitute the Anti-Corn-law League. The only
way to ensure the favourable revision of the Ame-
rican tariff is to put an end to our own barbarous
restrictions on the food-trade with America, and
to that the landlords will not consent as long as
the middle classes are indifferent on the subject.
So thought and so said, at the Glasgow meeting,
a Mr. WILLIAM GRAY, whose words we quote firr
the encouragement of others :
The proper policy of this country was not to wait
upon the Americans giving us relief, but to urge upon
our own Government the necessity of an immediate
relief from the tax on corn and other necessaries. Ile
hoped that Mr. Graham and other gentlemen, moving
on this question, would urge that, instead of taking
measures of retaliation on the one hand, or waiting
for relief from other countries on the other, we should
be at once freed from every tax not absolutely re-
quired for the payment of the national debt. This
was the only course by which relief could be given
to the people of this country.
With reference to the absurd and wicked plan
advocated by a London Contemporary, of in-
creasing the tax on American cotton, Mr.
GRAHAM said, we believe, truly and justly—
He might here refer to a most absurd proposal,
which hau appeared in the papers of that day, that,
in retaliation, we should put 2d. a lb. on the importa-
tion of American cotton. This impost was not even
proposed to be relieved by a drawback ; it would be
an annihilation of the export trade of this country,
and would enable every foreign country to compete
with us in the market. Even the Portuguese and the
Spaniards, if we gave the:n a bonus of 2d. a lb. on
cotton, would beat us in all the markets of the world.
It was the most unheard of proposal than any person
could suppose.
But between that absurd plan, in conjunction
with the re-imposition of the prohibitory duties
on cattle, together with the extension and sharp-
ening of the restrictive system, as advocated by
the Tory journals, and the abolition of restric-
tions, there is no choice. The country cannot
halt midway between good and evil. One of
these systems must be good, and the other evil ;
either restrictions on commerce are the mode of
securing the national prosperity, or freed'om of
commerce is the mode. Both cannot be good,
and both cannot long co-exist. The middle
classes must make up their minds, therefore, to
submit entirely to the landlorda' so-called protec-
tive system, or get up an earnest and serious
demonstration against it. The longer they de-
lay, the more they will drive raembers of the
middle classes, as they begin to suffer and feel
the pressure of PEEL'S new taxes, into the ranks
of the Chartists. At this Glasgow meeting, Mr.
THOMAS DAVIDSON, the chairman, said—
This was simply an Anti-Corn-law Association,
and hitherto they had refrained from having any con-
nexion with party politics ; but it was thought proper,
on the present occasion, to introduce in a general way,
in common with similar institutions throughout the
country, an expression of their desire that the repre-
sentation of the country should be placed on such a pot-
ing as would give to all classes and interests a fair share
of influence in the affairs of the Government—such
an influence as would protect the interests of all, se-
curing to property its just rights, on the condition of
its performing its proper duties.—(Cheers.)
If the influential, monied, and other capitalists,
then, continue to stand aloof from Corn-law
Repeal, all the Anti-Corn-law Associations in
the country will become associations for the ex-
tension of the suffrage. Then they will be cor-
dially supported by the bulk of the working-
classes; and then our barbarous restrictions, which
have been maintained in spite of justice, will be
sacrificed to fear. We doubt if even the great
advantage of a most abundant harvest will com-
pensate the effects of the American tariff.

The Tory journals have made much of the po-
litical article in the last number of the Quarterly
Review, and have eagerly quoted its statements
to prove that the alteration made in the Corn-
law by Sir ROBEi.T PEEI has worked marvel-
lously well. A rival Review, the Westminster,
thus replies to some of the Quarterly's statements:

The singularly satisfactory results upon which the
Quarterly Reviewer dwells with complacency, are, that
the New Corn Bill, instead of supplying food in un-
limited quantities to a starving people, maintained,
when the distress was greatest, the price of wheat 3s.
per quarter higher than the average of the last four-
teen years, and enabled the Government to realise by
a bread tax the enormous sum of one million sterling
within the Short period of eighteen weeks.
Thus we see (says the Quarterly) that from the
28th of April to the 3d of September, the latest pos-
sible date, the importation of foreign wheat and flour
at ten principal ports has been no less than 2,457,931
quarters, being considerably more than was imported
in all Great Britain in any whole year (except 1839)
of the existence of the late law ; and be it observed
that this importation has been made in the face of a
most promising harvest, and with less irregularity
than in any corresponding period.
If it be true that this importation was in the face
of a most promising harvest, what would have been
rejoicing
Tree l extent of importation if the crops had proved
(eeant tyhebelow the average ? And what would not have
had - raised the of the Quarterly if a famine season
singu-
larly satisfactory produce of the bread tax from one mil-
lion sterling to
€f threeresuoirt
results" remind
of t Thesehe "e
qual
13,
captain, whose
singular cause satisfation on the part of the Turkish 1
large sum of gratificationbzateepincognhsiisstEedgypintiacnleparriinsogna-
ers on board moneyshortof r, and selling it to the richest
among them at an extravagant price, when the poorer
were perishing with thirst,
people have
The Reviewer, it is true, has the grace to include
among his singularly satisfactory results, the supply
of food which the
3.13
unusualil obtained, but he is in
quantity imported amounted to 2,457 931
It seems
error in representing it
indeed natural to assume that if witTlinareigh.teen weeks
the , quarters,

the quantity for the whole of the present year must be I
extraordinarily great, but the fact is that the eighteen
weeks referred to by the Reviewer embrace nearly the
whole of the importing season, for under a sliding
scale of duties a large importation can rarely take
place at any other period of the year, and the quantity
imported at other ports than the ten referred to is
always inconsiderable.
A sliding scale of duties has a necessary tendency
toconfine importation to the time when, our own
stocks being nearly exhausted, the duty is expected to
be the lowest; and this is generally in September, in
the middle of harvest, before the new wheat has een
thrashed and brought to market.
This year the harvest was unusually early, and as
the new wheats were certain to prevent any further
immediate rise of prices, the bonded corn had to be
released in August, and accordingly we find that, be-
tween the 4th and 18th, duties were paid upon the
great bulk of the whole ; the quantity then entered
fOr home consumption being 1,718,870 quarters, upon
which the duties amounted to 672,926/.1

This fact would be decisive against the principle of
a sliding scale, if the farmers and landowners under-
stood their own interest, for, next to the exclusion of
all foreign corn, their object, it might be supposed,
would be to prevent any considerable sudden influx,
which, by overwhelming the markets, would at once
bring down prices to a low level, from which they
would but slowly recover. This has happened in the
present instance, prices having fallen since the article
in the Quarterly was written, from 625. id. to 535. 3d.
In another place the Reviewer shows that of fifteen
millions of quarters imported between 1828 and 1841,
eleven and a half millions paid duties below those of
the present year, viz,
6,392,258 quarters ls. Od. duty.
3,177,016 „ 2s. Bd. „
2,175,666 6s. Bd.
We have, then, asked 'for bread and received a stone.

The measure of relief to the people for which the
present Government claims credit amounts to the ad •
mission of the same quantity of foreign corn as in the
last four years—perhaps a little more—but at higher
duties; by which the importers have been ruined, and
the revenue benefited to the extent of a million sterling.
This is but a sorry theme for boasting. The same
figures which represent the duty paid by corn impor-
ters indicate also the corresponding quantities which
those duties have kept out of the market : and this is
the true light in which the return should be viewed.
One million sterling paid in a tax upon food is a bet-
ter test than averages of & severe amount of privation,
and a proof that the people have been fraudulently
deprived of the relief which might have been afforded
by the importation of some additional millions of
quarters, which could not be introduced into this
country subject to the present high fiscal burdens.
Having placed these statements before our
readers, we shall wait some time longer to see
the effects of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S measures betbre
we make any further remarks of our own. The
season has been singularly propitious, and there
ought to be no distress in the land. If there be
distress now, what would have been its amount
had the harvest been short ? And should there
now be distress, who will measure the blame due
to the Ministers ?

It is universally admitted, and the admission
is practically acted on, that something important
is now required to be done for the nation by the
Ministers, in proposing new taxes and new tariffs ;
by the Puseyites, in propounding a new creed;
by the Evangelicals, in demanding more churches
and a reform in the morals of the people ; by
the Philanthropists, in proposing colliery regula-
tions, ten hours' Bills, improved education, and
better sewerage; by the League, in requiring the
repeal of the Corn-laws ; by the Chartists, in
asking for the Charter ; and by all classes, as re-
quiring some new regulation, if not for them-
selves, at least for others. " What shall we du
to be saved ?" may be said, therefore, to be a
question which is very generally asked, and very
generally answered. The following extract from
" Some Passages in the Life of a Radical," by
SAMUEL BAMFORD, places this question in a new
light; and while it shows, perhaps, a new ground
for apprehension, wisely teaches us to find a re-
medy in our own resolves:—

What, then, " shall we do to be saved ?" We must
look our difficulties in the face like men. The times
which have been, never will return ; we cannot re-
cal that which has departed, and is still going ; we
cannot, any more than we can still the ocean, prevent
our manufactures from being set up in other nations.
We have read them too profound .a lesson for that.
We have exhibited the spectacle of a small commu-
nity combating the world, and buying, or beating it
all round. We have shown the secret of our strength,
of all warlike strength ; and they will act upon it.
We have shown them how, our manufactures pro-
duced commerce—which produced wealth—which
created credit—which supplied taxes and loans il-
limitable, and enabled us to wield with tremendous
effect all the resources of our vast navy, and our
numerous armies; beating those we encountered, and
subsidising the remainder, until we either had time to
beat them ourselves, or could get others to beat them.
And will not the nations lay hold of this wonderful
power, and try to render it available to their own
interest ? Most certainly they will. The novelty of
the thing itself would be a great temptation ; and,
though no one nation may manufacture to the extent
:hat we have done, they may manufacture for them-
selves, and they will do so. America, with its cotton
fields, and its teeming population, will spin its own
yarn, and weave its own cloth, whether we will or no,
and the nations of the Continent will do, are doing,
the same. They have nothing else to do in peace nor
can any thing be more natural than that they should
do so. We cannot, must not, always be spinners and
weavers for the world ; and, if we could, 1 do not see
that it is desirable we should. Let these truths be
impressed on our minds ; and let us, like a commu-
nity of sensible men, calculate all our disadvantages,
and prepare for the worst.
Whether or not we shall he prepared, depends on
the exertions of the wise and good of all classes. If
no preparations are made, we may be a suffering fa-
milv ; but we shall be a united one, and half our evils
will be obviated. Those we must endure will be
borne in a noble spirit; whilst those we surmount,
and they may be many, will be subjects for our com-
mon triumph.

It is undoubtedly true that we cannot prevent
other nations from profiting by our teaching,
nor is it desirable that we should. Knowledge,
to be improved and extended, must be imparted,
and, like money and manure, it does no good till
it is spread. But because other nations may lay
hold of the wonderful power of manufacturing
we are not to let it go. It will serve both and all.
Within a few years we have burrowed from
France some great improvements in the silk-
loom ; who can tell what other improvements
other nations may make on our inventions, re-
turning to us with tenfold increase the skill they
borrow from us. Though other nations may
and must come up to us, and may possibly sur-
pass us, that is no reason why we should lose a
particle of our skill, a particle of our power, or
should be retarded in the course of progressive
improvement. As they improve we shall benefit
by their improvement; as they increase in wealth
some of it will overflow on us, and their progress
will not retard, it will accelerate ours. Have not
all the nations of the world benefited by our in-
ventions? and why should we not, in turn, bene-
fit by theirs? We see no reason whatever, there-
fore, for despair, but rather for hope in their
progress. To go ahead of them is not what we
want, but to he well provided at home.
Dissenting from the desponding
view taken by
Mr. BAMFORD, we agree with him that it is
necessary to look our difficulties in the face;
that the " community, like sensible men, should
calculate its disadvantages; and prepare for the
worst," and that if proper preparation be made
" we may be a suffering but shall be a united
family." His counsel appears familiar, it is like
a repetition of our own thoughts; it wears the air
of common-place, but it is nevertheless true
wisdom. The exertions of the wise and good of
all.classes are required to make the people happy
and contented, not to keep far in advance of
other nations.

To accomplish this, sacrifices may be required
of all. The worst feature at present in our con-
dition is, that each class insists on the other

bearing all the burdens, and will bear as little as
possible itself. Each class throws its fair share
un the class below it, and so, generally, all the
burdens fall on the lowest. It might be, and
ought to be, expected, that the upper classes
should set a better example, and that they should
overflow with patriotism instead of selfishness.
It is not so, however. If tht happiness of a
people can be better insured by manners than
laws, it is high time to look for the cure of the
public disorders, and to expect the salvation of
the nation from a reformation in the manners
and morals of the aristocracy.

We have given an extract from the Devon-
port Independent relative to Municipal Elections