The Sun.
London, England, 1842-01-11 00:00:00

1839 9 '1

1840 8 a

8 0

Taking these facts along with others into consideration,
no reasonable man would doubt that a change of a most
portentous nature was coming over the staple trade of
Forfarshire and Fifeshire ; and, as it was shown that a
similar revolution was occurring in the other great
branches of British industry, it appeared to him that a
case was made out well calculated to disturb the repose,
not merely of those more immediately engaged in or de-
pendent-on-manufactures, but of all who had any stake
in the country.
The Rev. Mr. Low, of Forfar, in seconding the mo-
tion, stated that, in order to ascertain the state or the
working classes, the town was divided into eighteen dis-
tricts ; and the Provost, some or the Magistrates, minis-
ters, and other respectable individuals, undertook the
charge of investigating the several districts. The informa-
tion obtained by this means, after the most careful and
minute inquiry was this :—There were visited 1,402 fami-
lies, comprising 5,122, which is within about 2,800 of
the whole population within the Parliamentary boundary.
Of these 5,122, there were only 139 %t h o had frem 6d. to
9d. a day 193 from sd, to_slll. ; 386 from 4d. to 41d. ;
851 from 3d. to 31d. ; 1;533 from 2d. to 24d. ; 1,691
from Id. to lid. ; 231, 4d. and under ; and 118 who had
no income whatever, and are dependent on charity ;
empty houses, 93. it must be reinarked that the few
who have about 6d. a day are young stout unmarried
individuals, or cases when there are a man and his
wife without family, and even here it cannot
be called riotous living for an adult to have only
3s. 6d. to 4s. with which to purchase every necessary of
lire—for luxuries, it must be admitted, he can have few
or none. But look to those cases where there is only
from Id. to lid. fowthe support of each individual of
a family for the day ; and this class was by far the
largest in the list—suppose a man and his wife, with
five or six children. It is as much as the wife and
the oldest of the children can do to make out to wind
the husband's pirns—it is as much as he can do with
the scant watery diet on which he is necessitated to
exist, to make out his web of osnaburg in the week, for
which the whole week's gain in the family is only 7s. 6d.
Now, talle from this the rent of the robin or hovel in which
they live, the rent of the loom-stance, and the cost of the
light for the many long dreary hours it is required to
wind and to work out the web, and the glimmering fire
around which the shivering children crowd, crying for
food—and what have you left ? Why 4s. Gd. or ss.
for the whole week's provisions for seven or eight in-
dividuals, where the hungry children will actually eat
more than the health-broken, heart-broken father and
mother, who, in the poverty and misery to which they
are reduced, must, in violation of all natural feeling,
dread an increase of their family as only an augmenta-
tion of their woes. Now, this case we have sup-
posed is a faithful representation of the real state and
condition of hundreds of families in Forfar at the
present time. Mr. Low here gave an instance of a man
who had been in the employment of one master for
about twenty years, who has a wife and four or five
children. his earnings per week, taken from his mas-
ter's books, deducting winding, &c., were—in • 18,29,
Us. 6d.; 1836, 10s. ; 1841, 6s. 6d. This, then, was a
real case of a man who had been working the same
amount for twenty years, but with a greater waste of
physical strength, having less food to support it. Hi
amily had increased—his income had decreased. The
prices of provisions had increased ; and, according to
ghe Tory hypothesis of dear food and high wages always
oing hand in hand, this man's whges should have been
much better now than in 1836. With regard to clothing,_
the case of the man referred to was an illustration in re-
gard to a very great part of the weaving population. He
was an industrious man, of sober habits, and of excel-
lent character.—(Cheers.) The time was when he could
have appeared in any society in clothing befitting his
station, and now he is going perfectly in rags. Talk of
people going to churches ! why, how can they ? The
last blush of virtuous shame has not yet fled from the
cheek of the poor man, although the last rag of his once
church going coat has nigh fled from his back.—(Cheers.)
The wages of masons from 1836 to 1839 were 18s. a
week, and for 1840 and 1841 only 15s.—work had gra-
dually decreased, till now there was none to be had, and
no prospects whatever of it reviving ; and this was the
case with trade all over the country. He had thus
shown, on evidence Which would stand the most strict
scrutiny, that the present condition of the labouring
classes of Forfar was miserable—that their wages
had declined while the price of food had been rising—
that they had not half the means of support they had at
and before 1836--that their clothing was almost gone,
and no means of replacing it—their children growing
up without means of education—disease spreading, and
ruin staring them in the face. But that was not all :
Wherever a people were starving, and destitute of food
and clothing, crime increased in a corresponding degree.
In 1836 the number of criminal trials at Forfar WAS 90 ;
in 1841 the number reached 202, twin more than
doubled—rising and falling, in fact, with the price of
the loaf. The year had, indeed, opened upon thein with
' prospects more gloomy than any of them.had ever wit-
nessed,—threatening to reduce the middle classes to tn.
gary, 4114 PINOgO thP decker in
distress.

Air. J. G. STUART moved the fourth resolution.
Mr. JAMES ANGUS, of Kirriemuir, seconded the re-
solutipn. . . .
Mr. DAVID LANB, of Brechin, moved the fifth reso-
lution.

Mr. JOHN DARTER, li2of Blairgowrie, seccoptiTd the re 7
S9llltiQui

- • 4 • - • -
Mr. W. Nnixrr, of Logie6almond, Moved an Address to
the Queen. ►
Mr. A. D. .YOUNG seconded the motion; iAieh was
unanimously carried.
Mr, BUTCIIART, of Arbroath, moved a petition to-both
Houses of Parliament for the total and immediate repeal
of the Corn and ProviSion-lawa:
- Mr. ALEX. Low seconded' the motion, which was,
uranimously carried.
After.a vote of thanks to the Chairman, the Meeting
separated. '

VICTORIA!TBEATRE;
Perfected by a week's reheirsttW theChristmasyieces,
k on their nightly re-apPeai'anee,'-'hoiV- pass of with im-
proved rapidity and 'eclat Before a erowded gathering
of merry, juveniles; who:abounded in- 'gay looks and'
laughters, Gerolfline; or the Mini Orphans of St. Pre
led the- van of last evening's. entertainments: -Little
brilliances of attitude and surprising positions—mica-
pected developments that produce a- •" syncope and
. pause "—so vary the 'Scenes of this domestic drama-, that
excited interest was sustained throughout. In the-
hamlet of St. Pre, reside a brOther and his fair-haired,
sister. A.Very village,queen for beauty, ti4-i6ers soOn"
aspire. to the hand of
but the successful' suitnr is Edgar ' Hunting-
don; a dashing Englishman whirling' on ''pleasure
through France, and who, with the art and array'Of the
cavalry officer, wins the sweet girl's affections, arid then
flings her, like a weed, away. RighteOus indignation
takes possession of her brother's breast. Armed with.
weapons of vengeance, he sets out in pursuit of the
seducer. They meet in encounter, bitt the-interposition
of Geraldine prevents, in this instance, a fatal issue ; a
second conflict proves deadly, and, contrary to all moral
laws, the innocent brother falls; and in passion Edgar
strangles his sister, and flies. Five years elapse, and
Edgar Huntingdon has entered into' possession of the
Hose-court estates, but, regarding himself as the mur-
derer of St. Clair and his. sister, dreams haunt per-
petually his nocturnal rest, and gold and pomp avail no-
thing to quiet his disturbed spirit. Geraldine,
meanwhile,. miraculously recovers, and, in the. guise
of an abbess, still hovers round his steps, and
acts as his preserver ; and when Larole, her brother's
friend, tracks the seducer to his, estates to slay :him,,
she throws herself in the poniard's. way, and receives
the death-wound dealt at Edgar. Ex4ellent as is
,the
piece for representation, the moral aimed at is undoubt-
edly strained, and of a false school. The notion that
Geraldine, having received in her own person the deepest
injury of which human nature can be susceptible, should
still with unswerving firmness of purppse so cling with
her -first love to her seducer as to anew:the sacrifice of,
her own avenging- brother and his friend, is uncoun-
tenanced by any canons of moralsriticism. However,
this objection is not over-palpable to play-goers.
Gardner, in Jemmy Jottle, and 'Paul, in Davy Glib,
sustained the conucalities scatterer "throughout, with
great naivete and humour ; the logic of the former was
highly flavoured with the spice of the Epicurean school,
and his syllogisms were truly savoury. Miss. Vincent,
as Geraldine, threw all the customary sweetness and
pathos which she is so accomplished a mistress, of, into
those parts that fitly required them. Her first costume
has too much prudery about it ; but her second dra-
peries of mourning, and her thrd of white, suited her
gracefully. The pantomime of Peter Wilkins, with, its
bright silver-winged aerials, and floating forms,- opened
charmingly its display. Having noticed it on its first night,
it is only necessary recapitulatively to remark, that
practice has made its interminable variety of trick,
masquerade, and knavery, perfect in their changes.
Among its sly sarcasms, was that of an Irishman's
blessing, in wishing fdt a benison on a child, that
" every hair of its head might become a mould candle,
to light her up to glory." The dissolving Diordma
was admirable ; the advance and retrogression' of
a bright scene or portrait, now obtruding itself
close upon the view, and now retiring so appa-
rently remote as to seem like a lucid star, was managed
with great adroitness. 'What with the merry din of the
music, the posturings of the silver-boddiced Columbine
and Harlequin, and the fulsoma dazzle of the szens,
the audience is warmed with gratification. The infinitely
amusing drama of the Illastrioas Stranger wound up the
evening, with its broad burlesque -and humour.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
Sia—l beg leave to correct a statement which ap-
peared in your Paper of Saturday laSt, respecting the
time of the arrival of the fire-engines at the fire which
took place in Amphitheatre-row,Stangate, on the Fri-
day preceding. -
It appears that some person has furnished you with
very erroneous report, as:the •engines arrived at the fire
within twenty minutes after it
.was discovered, and ten
minutes befbre a supply of water could be obtained.
I refer you for the accuracy of this statement to Tho-
mas Jobson, P. C. 128, L division of Police, who called
the engines ; Mr. Fachney, plumber, No. 26, and Mr.
Barnsley, No. 20, Amphitheatre-Kow.---I am, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
• JAMES' BRAIDWOOD,
Superintendant of the London -Fire Establishment.
68, Watling-street, Jan. 10, 1842.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR—In your Journal of saturdaf evening you ,
ap-
pend the Leamington Spa Chronicle to some "Likelihoods'
which you will find in the Comic Almanac& for thepre-
sent year. I mention this knowing i:that you like to
" render unto el'esar the things which are Czusar's.”
Your's, &c. E RITA s.
January 10.

[We are obliged to.our cuiTeapOntlent for calling our
attention to the piracy. We cannot read everyllpulilica-
tion, and, trusting to the editord the Leanangton. Spa
Chronicle, we gave it as-his own piodUction. • This 'gen-
tleman, who lives. im A very religious, district, might to
obey the commands of Scripture, one of which,is," Thou
shalt not steal."]

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE,
The St. Leger for 1843 has closed with
,142405ei
TATTER S A Ll.."S—ATt.s7ly.t:,nA.Y,..,„ v,
THE DERBY:—Or the few horses` Mentioned below,
the Joanna colt alone was in 'any deinaiirl,' 5.0481 Was
taken in two quarters, -and from, 'the stibse,
qnently mtigie by other parties, thereVall Auto cloubt
that had th ayers been disposed to go on. at -the,'sanie'
price there wou'd have been ni) lack of *kers.
.200 to:
50 was laid on the field against the two faVourites ; '25 to
1 to 50, agst Ballinkeele, 26, 27, 4nd,28 to,l'agst,Robert de
Gorham ; 1,000 to 30!agst Wiseacre,: 40,t0 3,2, or 3'
agst Auckland ; 50 to 1 to 501 agst Artful Dodger,
Latest • ..,), •
Latcstpriees
4to l ori the field h t two—taken
25 to 1 agst Mr. Maher's' Ballinkeele
27 to 1. agst Lord 17,4Tularn's Robert de Gorham
33 to 1 agst Mr. Wreford's Wiseacre
40 to' agst Lord Westinirister's Auckland
50 id lingst Lord :Jersey's joanna colt—taken
40 in,t.agst Mr. W. Scott's The Artful Dodger
68 to 1 agst Mr. Cooke's Palinurus
1600 to 25 agst Duke of Grafton'S Canadian—taken
1000 to'lo agst Sir G. Heathcote's lot—taken -
INTELLIGENCE EXTRA.
HIPPODROME SECOND MEETING, 1842.
SECOND DAY.—NOMinatiOHS for a Two-yrs-old Sweep-
stakes of 10 Sots. each, and 100 added :—c by Camel,
out of Westeria—f by Camel; out of Wadastra—c by
Uncle Toby, out of Dinah—The Handmaiden—Vitula
—Miss Polly Testy—Bastille—Prospero—Seringo -----
Trueboy—What—James (late Bacon)—Brother to Pe-
loponnesus—Bossu—King of Trumps.
DONCASTER, 1842.
MONDAY.--Nominations for the Champagne Stakes:—
Napier—Marquise—Zora—Black-drop—A British Yeo-
man—c by Uncle Toby, out of Dinah—Auld Lang-
,lne—Prizefighter--Sister to Barbara—Philip—c by
Emilius, out of Variation—What Peggy Aris-
tides 2Bother'em —Bashaw—c by Muley Moloch,
out of l'Hirondelle Colocynth--- Deerslayer Old
May Day—•,The -by. Velocipede, out of
Her Highness—c by Velocipede, out of Bird-lime—The
Orphan Boy—Cheviot--c by The. Mole, out of The
Mystery—Ebenezer—Lady Skipsey—f by Physician, out
of Sweet-pea•-.--Brother to Peloponnesus Winter—
Aquila—Maria Day—Sister to Satirist—e by Camel,
out of Monimia.

TnuasnAY-7--Nominations for the Two Yrs-old Stakes
—Pharsalia,4Napier—Marquise—Winesour—A British
Yeoman—Baldersale—Pharaoh—c by Uncle, Toby, out
of •Dinah—Judith.— The Ara—c by Emilius,
out of Variation—Truebor—c by Bay Middleton, out
of Mermaid—Prince •of Wales—Bother'em—Sir Abs-
trans Ante Dickens, Larry WlTale The
Caster—c by - Velopocide, out of Her Highness--
c by Velocipede out of Bird-lime, Cawood Castle-
-0 -by-The Mold, -out mt;the Mystery—The Orphan-
boy-Cheviot—,Lady iSkipsey—c the .11.ule, out of
Teresa—f by Physictaniionrof Fly--Sweet-peaL—Bro. to
Pelopomasus —Winter--Mary of Burgundy-•--c by Emi-
lius, out of Veloqipede.'s dainitterry Andrew—Maria
Day, Sister to Satirist—c by Jereed, out= of Ganymede •
—Squireen. - •
•Nominations for Ahe Gascoigne States—Attila—
Lord of .llolderness—Tharold—William de Portihus—
Prince Edward. •
,Nominations for the Scarborough Stakes—
Attila—Williani le Gros-,-Master: Thomas—Foxberry
—e
.by:Yelocipede, :out of Bathsheba—Bro. to Garland
—Chatham--Miss .Trooper—Wllliam de - Fortibus—
Prince Edward. .

THE UNEMPLOYED.—It will be seen, by the
following official Report, that the number of unemployed
is still on the increase in all the districts named. The
gi o
Less
thaw
Happily our kind friends in all parts
of the country are sending in their aid with a liberal
s number in
Ithe three places named amounts to not
-
hand : PAISLEY.
Males 1,970
Dependents..
Females
Dependents.. .... ................... .

Total...
KILBARCHAN.

......... 12,703

Ma1e5................................... 198
Dependents . . ............................ 579-777
Females. ................................. 81
Dependents ..... 118-199

Total .................. 976
BARRIIEAD.

Ma1e5............................... 83 •
Dependents..... ......................... 265---348
Females .... . ............................ 32
Dependent 5.............. . 76-108

Total .. . ............... 456

—Paisley Advertiser.
CHIPPENIIAM.--IS the Corn-law (or dear
bread either) a benefit to-the Agrietdtural labourer ?In
our neighbourhood several of the farmers hav6`lo-ivered
their labourers' wages to Ss• per week, thus adding
another to the many proofs that dear bread causes low
and. ne4 w.a.v;;—ficit Justitia ifiltshire Inde-
pendent,

FROM THE FRENCH PAPERS.

In tietiiber last the Polie-51*-inittinSe seized a consi-
derable number of poinard-kniVes, and cited the cutlers
who sold them before the Correctional ,Tribunal. They
were; however, all acquitted, on the ground that their
kuives,theiigh sharp; opening with a spring, and having
a guard like a poniard; had'only'one edge. The Procu-
rour du Roi-appealed to' the Cour Royale, which decided
that. these knives came within the. Royal Ordonnauce of
23d March, 1728, and Artiele 1, of the Law of 24th May,
1834, and therefore condemned the cutlers to pay a fine
of If. each, with all the costs of the prosecution, and to
forfeit all the knives seized. This is contrary to 4 deci-
sion given some time ago by the Cour Royale of Paris,
which declared such knives not to come Within the terms
of the law. -

A tariff has been issued 'at St. Petersburgh of a more
rigorous kind than the old one. It is said that many
articles, especially woollen goods, hare now to pay the
double duty. 'The UkaSe for effecting their modification,
the details of which are not yet known, declares that
certain duties shall be augmented; others diminished, and
some prohibitions taken off. . The additional duty of 12i
per. cent. is Maintained as a general and absolute regu:
lation ; but the mode of levying it is changed, the addi-
tional duty and the quarantine duty being added to the
fundamental castoins duty.
A whale, - up.vards of 60 feet long, and 40 feet in cir-
cumference, was found at Berck, near Montreuil, on the
29th ult. It was killed,
.and was to, be sold on the Ist
inst. Immense numbers of persons flocked from the
neighbouring districts to see it.
The Gazette de. France states that the Duke de Bor-
deaux is to pass the whole of the winter at Vienna. The
Marquis de Pastoret has left Paris on a visit to his Royal
Highness.

A letter from Vienna, in the Swabian Mercury, says :
—" The Emperor has written to Baron de Kubek, Direc-
tor of Railroads, and to the President of the Aulic
Council of War, urging them to expedite the comple-
tion of these undertakings. From this it is inferred
that soldiers will be employed upon them, and some
persons say that 20,000 men will be put upon the Prague
line."

A Toulon letter states that the two corvettes ordered
for the South, Seas were kept in sight of the mouth of
the harbour during part of the preceding day, in conse-
quence of telegraphic orders from Paris. The Com-
manders have got sealed orders, which they are not to
open until they are outside the Straits of Gibraltar. It
was said in Toulon that they would touch at eight or
pipe particular places on their voyage.
The Government of the Swiss canton of Tessino, imi-
tititlg that of Argau, has just suppressed a convent of
COTrdeHers.

The, Swabian Mercury states that the authorities of
the city of Cassel have published the following curious
Clause from the will of the late Electress :—" I bequeath
lo:,.the. town of Cassel the portrait of my son between two
Hessian peasants, which I had painted in commemora-
tioa, of the reception given to us when we returned to
our country, in 18 13 ; also. a small silver hammer, which
wras used in nailing the flac, of the Burgher Guard ; and
likewise the arm-chair embroidered. by thirty young ladies
of Cassel, and presented to me on the 52d anniversary of
my birth-day.", The Princess also left 1,000 crowns to
the" poor fund. . . .
Orr Sunday last, a man entered the house of the cure of
Neylen, in Belgium, during' Divine service; intending to
rob the house, and thinking- that the cure was at church.
The cure,-however, being unwell, was at home, having got
a friend to officiate for him. . A struggle ensued between
the cure and the ruffian, who struck him several times on
the head with a hatchet. In endeavouring to protect his
head, the cure had three of his fingers cut off, and, would
have been murdered, if his cries had not brought some
peasants to his aid, who secured the assailant.
The Post-office has published a notice that the mail
with the letters sent from Paris to St. Petersburg on the
23d, 24th, and 25th November, has been lost between
Riga and-the Russian capital, and that all efforts of the
Russian Government to find it have hitherto been un-
successful. •

The Quimperois, the journal of the chief town of the
Finisterre, after noticing the application reported to
have been made to the English Government for the ap-
pointment of professors at the Universities of Oxford
and Cambridge in- the Celtic language and literature,
says :—" We ourselves have lone ago made a similar
F
demand for Brittany, and for the aculty of Letters at
Ronnes. How desirable it is that the ancient language
of the Celts, which two or three departments in Brittany
as well as Wales have preserved, should. not be lost.
The Council-Ge.teral of the Fonts et Chaussees had
yesterday to decide between three plans for a railroad
between Marseilles and the Rhone. Those lines which
were proposed to run along the Valley, of the Rhone,
being considered as too difficult of execution, if not im-
practicable, the third, presented by M. do Moutrich et
Lancon, which will unite Marseilles with Avignon, and
cross the Valley of the Durance, with a branch to Beau-
caire, was almost unanimously adopted by the Council.
M. Henry Herz, the eminent pianist and composer,*
has just been married to a young 'foreign lady of dis 7
tinction

A vol a l'Americaine was practised, the day before yes-
terday, on a collecting clerk,. of the house of Delamarre.
The usual expedient of getting the victim into a wine—
shop; and leaving him there, 'while the. confederates
wentout to verify the silver ho had ,given for the sup-
poced rouleaux of Napoleons, was practised with 'per-
fect suc.eess; but the robbers had not only carried, off
the :silver, they had also abstracted from: his note-
book a bill of exchange, payable that day, and duly re-
ceipted. On becoming aware of this, the, victim has-
tened off to the house by which the bill was to be paid,
'and fortiMately arriving there befdre the- thieves, was
secreted until one of them made his appearance with the
bill; and was thus the means of having him immediately,
apprehended. The rogue o•
thus caught has been
.reco-.
nised as one of a gam, of depredators in this line, but he
pcn;ists in not impeaching his associates.
A suicide attended with some curious circumstances of
:determination was committed the clay before yesterday in
the Passage de Tivoli by a imiddle-a;ed man in a re-
spectable station of life. He - had insulted in the most
unpardonable manner a young girl, his brother's child,
and on being Warmly reproached for it determined to
destroy himself. He wrote to his brother more than
once to announce his intention of so doing, but his let-
ters were considered as mere bravados ; at length, how-
ever, the Jat',;er N7.ellt to his residence, and tried to get in
at his door, which was fast shut. Just as an entrance
was being' forced, he shot himself through the head with
a horse pistol,- and the brother on making his way in, as
soon as the report was heard, found his corpse lying on
the ground with the head dreadfully disfigured. The
furniture- was all arranged in particular order, several
letters to his brother were found, and on a plan of the
room was traced out the 'figure of a man lying prostrate
with the head represented as divided into two parts, and
,which gave an exact idea of the manner in which his
body was discovered, as soon as the fatal shot had taken
eifeet. It appears that he had carefully studied the
manner in which his body would fall before committing
the act of "self-destruction.

Several females were detected on Sunday last, in the
Church of St. Roch, stealing handkerchiefs, purses, &c.,
from the congregation. On their lodgings being searched
a considerabl quantity of articles thus obtained were
fournL They have been committed for trial.'
The following details, from Odessa, on the autumn
campaign of the Russians against the Circassians, are
given by the Moniteur Parisien :—" The diseases which
put the Russian troops collected at Adler out of condi-
tion to march, added to an insurrection in the Gurial,
prevented General Aurepp from undertaking the expe=
dition which had been projected for September. The
tribe of the Djiguettes, lying between the river Kami-
cheliar and Gagra, seeing the weakness of the Russians,
did not keep the treaty it had entered into with them,
but remained neuter. In the first fortnight of October,
General Aurepp, having received fresh reinforcements,
and a portion of his sick being recovered, left Adler
with about 12,000 men, with the purpose of fighting the
Babouiches between the Kamicheliar and Pchad ; but
being attacked on the sea-shore during his march, in a
narrow path shut in by alzhost impenetrable wooded
mountains, the column was decimated, and the rest had
great difficulty in reaching the fortress of Jatcha. It is
affirmed that 500 men, 27 of whom were officers, fell by
the hands of the Circassians. During the campaign, the
Russians have lost between 6,000 and 8,000 men, most of
them carried off by disease. The hospitalls of the Crimoa
are so crowded, that 300' sick have beeh transferred to
Odessa, and 400• riiore'weie expected. General Zast has
not been more fortunate in the Kuban and the Laha."

,
PATENT CANDLESTICKe--Mne,;Of,the' most
ingenious and useful inventions of the dayi.ittis been: re..
eeiitly brought out by a house in Birminghittikn'lt is a,
simple mechanical contrivance, for th6.pirpose, WI Super-
ceding the use of those domestic discotinforts,slides and
save-ails, and is called the Soho Patent Candlestick. By
merely turning round the nozzle of the candlestick, the:
candle is raised or depressed as occasion may require,
and the very last particle consumed without the neces-
sity of soiling a 'finger. • Nor is it less convenient in
other respects, as the nozzle takes out easily, and is
effectually cleaned by a short immersion •in hot water..
In point, therefore, of economy, cleanliness, and utility-7-
for it can be manufactured in every description of Mate-
rial—the invention is invaluable. We understand that
the nature of this improvement was originally'suggested
•;by Mr. Lee Stevens, whose scientific utility Tis pretty
generally known.

ANSTRUTHER EASTER.--laur•worthy pastor
gave notice on Sunday the 26th ultimo • that he would
(in compliance with Mr. Hamilton's circular, we suppose)
meet with hiS parishioners on Monday the gnii, to ex-
plain to them the' nature of a Church-defence Associa-
tion, and to prepare their minds the better to comprehend
the speeches which were to be delivered by two reverend
gentlemen, on Tuesday, at a Church4efence meeting.
AccOrdingly, we attended at the hour appointed, and were
not a little amused at the way he illustrated his subject.
He compared the Kirk of Scotland to a boy at school,
very much afflicted with sore eyes, who was under the care
of a most eminent physician (the Lord Jesus Christ), and
who, among other remedies, advised the boy to take a
pinch of snuff ; but he no sooner began to exhibit his
snuff-box at school, to the no small edification of the
other boys, than the assistant-teacher (the Court of
Session) took it from him, observing that this illegal
practice could not be tolerated in any well-governed
seminary. The boy, not satisfied with tli &cislon,
however, appealed to the principal tiateher (the House
of Lords), who, in place of ordering hack the invaluable
snuff=box, confirmed the sentence of the assistant, and
dismissed the appeal. We are not aware how far Mr,
Ferrie succeeded in convincing his hearers of theitmt.:
ness of the Kirk's claims by the abow *ilia of
this we are certain, that it 140 draivi forth some very
severe cemmtAts.--4'ile herald.
,

CHRISTENING OF THE PRINCE OF WALES.
—(From a Correspondent.)—We understand that it is
now definitely settled that the solemn and imposing Ore-.
mony of christening -tlikn I.lgit., Apparent to • the British
Throne is to take place in St. Qoarge's Chapel=-Windsor,
on Wedneklq, the 26th inst.

IRELAND.

THE ELECTION.

DUBLIN, JAN. 7.—Tne -Deputation to England have
returned, and their " journey.to London" in quest of a
candidate has been, as ivas anticipated it would be, so
much finis-spent time. Mr. AttwOod declined the honour
which was proffered for his acceptance, on the ground
that all his future -energies Would be directed towards
the strengthening his position as candidate for. the
"great metropolis" on the next 'occasion Or a vacancy ;
and the idea-of soliciting Mr. Colepthonti to stand in the_.
breach was abandoned-by the Deputies -froth Dublin as
one altogether hopeless:- -
Such is the present: position of the Conservatives.
With discord and division within the camp, and a com-
bined, determined, and experienced foe without, their
prospects are far, very far indeed, from flattering. It is
said, whether truly or not remains to be seen, that a sec-
tion of the
.Conservative party is for accepting the offer
-of N.-ince, who in the early stage of the proceedings -pro-
po.sed to advance 3,0001. towards the expenses of trie con-
test, the Society undertaking to make up the deficiency,
and guarantee the cost of a petition—for ti petition is new
their only hope. This %Nits regarded as a very shabby
pr 4 on -the part of Vance, and hence the dispatch
• of a Deputation to London in search of a candidate.
Another section of the Conservatives are for accepting the
•offer of a Mr. Gregory, who volunteered to Jay down
5,0001., provided the Society would either guarantee his
return tor that sum, or the reimbursement of the money
in the event of defeat. Which of the two parties will
prevail I cannot say; but opinion inclines towards the
Gregory's. In the meantime Lord Morpeth's friends
are exerting themselves with unexampled energy and
perseverance. •An active canvass of the religious por-
tion of the Conservatives—on whom Lord Morpeth's
high moral character and munificent charities are known
to have made a most favourable impression—was com-
menced this morning by a Committee appointed for that
purpose, and I have just heard that several of that class
of electors have promised either to vote for his Lordship
or to abstain from voting altogether.
The Committee have issued the following address to
the electors :

" Lord Morpeth has been put in nomination,—first,
by a meeting of influential persons, held in Charlemont
House; and again by one of the most numerous, united,
and enthusiastic public assemblies ever convened in the
Irish metropolis.
" His Lordship is absent—and, at such a distance as
precludes the possibility of communication with him--
but those who. have undertaken to conduct his election
do not, on that account, less confidently claim for him
thesutfrages of their felloW-citizens.

" He has been known to you as a stanch friend to
liberty through the whole course of his public career.
As Member of Parliament and as Minister, in opposition
and in office, he has battled for free institutions with con-
sistency and determination.

"He is the advocate of freedom of conscience, and the
enemy of all exclusion and intolerance.
" He is the foremost amongst the assailants of those
monopolies which cramp the energy, and blight the com-
mercial prosperity of the nation.
" But, above all, he is the friend of Ireland. He was
one of the best Members of the best Ministry we have
ever seen. • He was one of the Executive which first
dared to be just to our country ; and for the benefits
which we derived from that Executive, much, very much
of our lasting gratitude is due to him.
"He has been practically, as well as politically, the
friend of Ireland, promoting every measure which contri-
cuted to the development of her resources and the in-
crease of her happiness, and fostering every institution
which could accelerate her intellectual and industrial
progress.

- "Of his personal character—his high talents, and
great acquirements—his generous and.manly spirit—his
ample charities, which knew no distinction of creed or
class-his cordial affability of demeanour, and unaf-
fected kindliness of heart, which won for him the attach-
ment of all men of all parties who approached him during
his sojourn amongst us—it cannot be necessary to speak
to the citizens ofllublin. What establishment for the
alleviation of the sufferings of the poor of the metropolis
did not receive his prompt protection and munificent sup=
port? What claim upon his liberality for the relief of
individual misfortune was ever made in vain ? .To what
effort, for the elevation of the physical or moral condi-
tion of our countrymen, was his co-operation solicited
cnd refused? •

" Differences of political opinion will always exist,
and no man's political conduct can be regarded with the
same sentiments by all ; but there can be only one judg-
ment as to the pure integrity, the high moral principle,
the perfect honesty of purpose, and the noble benevo-
lence of nature, which have illustrated Lord Morpeth's
public and private life, and won for him his almost un-
exampled popularity.
" Citizens of Dublin, such is the man for whom we
claim your suffrages. On his behalf, we ask you to rally
together, and combine your strength—to forget partial
differences of sentiment, for the attainment of a great
common good—and insure the return of Lord Morpeth
by- a generous and cordial unity of action.
Bv order of the Committee, •
, . ~
. 4 GEORGE ROE, Chairman.
'irff • . " THOMAS R. SYMES,
~-
lc, , '.; .3 " THOMAS O'HAGAN,. .SeVelarie.,.
" JOHN R. BERWICK,
" Committee-Rooms, No. 12, Fleet-street, Jan. 7."
TILE MURDER AT PEMBROKE-ROAD.-ARRAIGN.MENT OF •

DET.AHIJNT FOR THE MURDER.
• A true bill having been found! against John Delahunt;'
for the murder of the boy Maguire, the prisoner was
caned to the bar, when the. greatest curiosity
.and in-
terest prevailed in. the Court, whiCh was crowded to
excess. The prisoner was slightly flushed on taking
hisli!ace at the bar, but in a few seconds his face be-
came deadly pale ; he looked round him-with a scruti-•
nizing glance, and then held down his head. In his
personal appearance he is considerably altered since the
Coroner's inquest on the body ; his 'countenance is -
meagre, and his complexion livid ; in fact, he looked
like a person emaciated by hunger. During the time be
remained at the bar he did not betray any emotion, and
he appeared to regard the Situation in which he stood
with the utmost indifference. No day has been 'fixed
for the trial.

THE ABBE LAMENN &IS, AND

THE STUDENTS OF PARIS.
(From Galignani's•)llessenaer of Saturday.)
On Thursday morning and yesterday, at an early.
hour, manuscript placards were found affixed to the walls
of the Schools of Medicine and Law, inviting the stu-
dents to make a manifestation on occasion of M. de
Lamennais coming out of prison. These placards were
removed by order of the authorities. Yesterday, about
one o'clock, from 200 to 300 individuals, including
many students, met on the Place du Pantheon, and
went to the Place de l'Ecole de Medecin, where an-
other assemblage of about 200 was waiting fol. them,
The crowd thus formed went by the Pont-Neuf, the
Quays, the Place du Palais-Royal, the Rue St, Honore,
and the Boulevard des Italiens towards the residence of
M. de Lamennais, in the Rue Trenchet. On passing
before the Ministry of Foreign Affairs the mob cried a
bas Guizot I a Las le Ministre de l'Etranger ! and when
they had arrived opposite the house of M. de Lemon-
nais, they halted, and four delegates proceeded to his
apartment. M. de Lamennais shortly afterwards pre=
seated himself at the balcony, and was saluted by cries
of Vile Lamennais! At this momenta detaohment of
troops of the line,' headed by two Commissaries of Po-
lice, made its appearance, and the mob resumed its
march, on its return to the neighbOurhood of the schools.
In passing again in front of the Ministry of Foreign
Affairs the assemblage again shottted A bits Guizot
and then proceeded, to the Rue du Croissant, where it
stopped for a moment in front of the office of. the
Journal du Peupb,'slibuting, Vice Dupety! On reach
ing the Chamber of Peers the. perturbators shouted
several times A Las les Paint; Vieux habits; Vieni-
galms Having returned. to the Place du
Pantheon, they appeared inclined, to remain
.there,
and began to sing the Afarsettlaisel. but a de-
tachment of -the Municipal Guard,- -headed by a
Commissary of Police, immediately tame up, and dis-
persed them. Several persons, ,ptudenpi and w,irknieu,
who were in the assemblage, aNta who bail made titem-
selves prominent by their stionVAnd'titibulence, were
arrested at various points,:tindeOtite-Yed to prison. The
population on the entire line, 'traversed by the Assem-
blage evinced no sympathy with this demonstratio.a., jn
the evening everything was quiet in the capiFit/.
The National having stated that 6 Conflict hnd taken
place on Sunday last, at .the Barrier° de l'Ecole Mill-
taire, between;2,ooo men, , part belonging to_the 2d Re-
kiriteet of light infantry, and part to the 59th of the
lifilirbb4eeti=i4oin a misunderstanding previously ex-
istektulding exaggerated details, which represented the
scene of action as bearing the aspect of a regular field
of battle, the Monitar Pariden remarks :—" It would
be difficult to persuade the public that a fight could have
taken place betwwn 2,000 men, and have remained five
days unhi-Own to the whole of Paris, and that an oc-
currence -of a nature so serious should first be an-
nounced to the inhabitants of the city through an ar-
ticle in a Journal. The fact- is, that a few soldiers of
the-two regiments mentioned did quarrel at the barrier,
and came to blow's, the salmi having been used on both
,sides,. and thatwhen they were parted, and peace estab-
lished, bath regiments were confined to their respective
barracks.. It is, in fact, nothing more than an affair of
military police, and so it is hoped it will remain without
any further consequences." The Messager says—" The
National has ridiculously distorted the facts. No colli-
sion took place on Soy last between the soldiers of
the 2d Light • litilintry and the 59th Regiment of the
line. it was with some soldiers of the 11th Regiment
of the line that some soldiers of the 2d Light Infantry
had a quarrel on that day, but it was of such little im-
portance that the arrival of a single piquet sufficed to
quell it. Not a wound wo inflicted, and consequently
no person was coawyed to the hospital. Every necessary
measure has been adopted to maintain harmony between
the ,gyps of the garrison of Paris, and since the affair in
question this harmony has not been interrupted."
The National publishes the address, which was pre-
sented yesterday to M. de Lamennais by the students who
went to his residence, 'this document, which is by no
means reutartiable tbr elegance of diction or deptlr of
thought, expresses the respect of the students for the
eourage, patience, and public and private virtues of the
Abbe ; and assures him that the majority of their body
are preparing themselves by " study and labour" for
public life
_; that they receive the Abbe's doctrines with
avidity t4LO they have full confidence in the social and
I,wlOrating principles which he professes ; and that
they " look on him as the prophet of the future, whom
they will follow as their guide and torch."—M. de La-
mennais, in reply, declared, that he did not deserve so
flattering an lidayes,s ; but that the cause to which he
had devoted himself was sacred to him, and that he was
h4ppyibat the students had come to express their senti-
ments. Tie added that they ought to prepare themselves
for theirtiturg cartn• by deep study and by habits of
4dlscillllll9-, and recommended them to show as much
.aniness in their opinions as calmness in their manifes-

_`lll4-ORN-ING SUN

tations ; since, withont:order and calmness, the Abbe
obServed, it w.as .didioult that there should be any con-
stancy in opinions, or any continued progress. The
Nationa: estimates th number of persons who went to
the Rue Tronchet at 1,20.

PENINSULAR BONDS.
In answer to several applications from the
country respecting.the payment of the half-years'
dividend on Port uel;itcse and.. Spanish Bonds, we
regret to say the I:Alurvin3- is the only informa-
tion we can at present furnish. The Portuguese
Dividend (only of what is due) fixed by the
November decree, is in ciourse of payment in
London at present, but the limited hours for re-
ceiving it are sadly complained of. The money
is paid by the finance.agency of Portugal. The
dividends, though really due in December, were
not tube paid, according to the new arrangement,
till the Ist January. Respecting the twu haw_
years' dividends expected to he paid oit the
capitalised coupons of Spanish Bond., we can
state absolutely notluing certain; and we eau only
advise the bondholders, who have had so many,
disappointments front that quarter, to mistrust
every statement till their broker informs them
that be bas received their dividends.

DREADFUL ACCIDENT AND EX-
TENSIVE LOSS OF LIFE.

We have this moment received the following
letter :

" TO THE EDITOR OF THE AIORNING POST.

" am directed by the office to let you
• know that a tremendous and most singular oc-
curmiee has just taken place in the immediate
neighbourhood of our city. In the confusion
which prevails I cannot, of course, be expected
to transmit particulars with anything like accu-
racy ; but rather than delay, I send you a gene-
ral statement, conceiving that the earliest pos-
sible notice will be interesting to the public
through the medium of your popular Journal.
Between four and five o'clock this evening, and
when almost twilight, the entire surface of a very
large piece of ground more than seven acres, at
Contbe Down, gave way, owing to the work-
men having conducted their excavations in a
stone quarry flu- beneath an angle, or rather
street, of that populous village, of which above
eighteen houses, with its beautiful new church,
school-house, &c., were thus completely un-
dermined, and have been, by the instantaneous
subsiding of their foundations, involved in
ruin; and multitudes in the buildings and.
accidentally assembled on the spot have perished.
" Though late when I write, the various ave-
nues in the outlets of the city are thronged with.
anxious thousands crowding- towards the scene of
desolation. The bells of the Abbey and other
churches are ringing violently, and the authori-
ties are hastening to Coinbe to render what as-
sistance they can to the surviving- sufferers.
Nothing like truth can be obtained as to the loss
of human life and property by this strange cala-
mity. Report speaks of hundreds slain and.mu-
tilated.

" This hurried account shall be speedily fol-
lowed by a less confused detail of what has hap-
pened. I am, Sir, &c., "A. SISSON.
" Wardea Office, 53, Milsom -street, Bath,
Sunday, January 9.
" P.S. Our paper is published on Wednesdays
only."—Morning Post.

..C.VIESBUI.IN UNION. '
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.
SIR-I have been informed, on indubitable
authority, that some time since a very high pa.
negyric appeared in your paper, on the conduct
and management of the Amesbury Union and
house.

As an ex-officio Guardian of that Union, I am
intimately acquttinted with all its transactions,
and must beg leave to contradict any assertion as
to its very superior merits. I must honestly un-
deceive the pubic by sayinp-, that in its conduct
and managentetA I consider it inferior to the
majority of the 'Unions in the kingdom.
I am, Sir,'your obedient servant,
EDWARD DUKE.
Lake House, Wilts, Jan. 7.
. [Will our Correspondent inform us wh,ert the
Panegyric on this Union appeared ?]

BIRMINGII4I-314 JAN. .9.
A WIFE SHOT Dr /L ER Ift:SUANUe---i dreadful oc-
currence took place in Birmingham on the evening of
_Friday last.' The circumstance :1 as far as our rertorter
is i tistifiedin giving' them," are ;hese :—A man named
Ezra Steapenha who is either beadle or sexton at St.
Matthew's Church, ahnut a month ago, round a gun, as
he stated, and a few day; after he was showing. it to a
frienk stating that it was 'Unloaded ; his wife, Bassilesa,
SteapenhilL w theltyresent, and, in joke, pulled the
trigger over lis'Aofilder, and it Went off, shattering the
clock cr,s, to tlIov; On Frkilay evening he was clean-
ing the same gun a.:d, most unfortunately, did so whilst
it was heaVily loaded and capped. His wife was sitting
at the end of the table pn
.which the gun rested, and
',Alen in the act of rublnng the lock it went off, and the
contents, unhappily, entered the the it of the unfortunate.
creature, and she dropped down a lifeless corpse : slot
was about thirty years (:),.f' ftg.e,' and- was by
,birth art
Hanoverian.
_.l great serisatton exists in the neighbour-
hood where the tragedy_ Wok ' place. The husband is
under the surveillance, of the police. Au inquest will be.
held to-morrow.
THREE BOYS I)IZOWNED.—WhiIst it number o:' boys
were amusing themselves on'a cool of water in, ravel s-
street, Birmingham, this afternoon, the ice gave way,
and three of them sank tr, rise 'no more alive. The
awful event has prodn-ced the greatest grief and conster-
nation in that w.'•r, of the town. About the same hour
a young n...a;i, twenty years of age, named Crowley, a
gild-beater by trade, fell through the ice of Edgbaston
POol, and after struggling in vain a considerable time he
was drowned in the presence of a number of people, who
could render him no assistance. A young man was
drowned under precisely similar circumstances, on Sun-
day fortnight, in the same pool.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS•

FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
GLOBE.--The Dahlia Tories are at their wits'-
ends. The deputation sent by the Dawson-street
Orange Club (the Carbon of Dublin) to this country
in search of a candidate his failed in accomplishing the
object of its mission. Of the numerous aspirants to the
honour of a scat in Parliament, no one has been found
sufficien4 destitute of brains to commit himself to the
consequences of a contest, with such fearful odds against
success, when conne3ted with a compliance with the pre-
liminary clause in the agreement, of placing the formidable
sum of 6,0001. at the discretional power of the Club.
All this was bad enough. To learn that their depu-
tation had been received with cold formality, instead of
beeing greeted with cordiality, and the object of its miss
sion hailed with delight by thole to whom they pre-
sented their credentials, was sufficiently mortifying to
the overweening hopes of the always-sufficiently-inflated
Dublin Tories. Poor Alderman Boyce and Commie-
sioner Carey, in their report, told a melancholy tale tsE
what they bad heard, and seen, and felt, in their pro-
gress from one great luau's house to another in !dirt her-
ance.of their ample instructions. How they were bowed
out of one presence and refused audience by another
.person,--from whom they expected very different kind
of treatment. How the Carlton Club itself cast cold
water upon their hopes, and refused to advance cash for
their purposes. All this was narrated with appropriate
amplification and illustrations, and heard with indigna-
tioefeOted in execrations both loud and deep, by the
conclave assikrnbled to learn the result. The measure
of mortification was not yet filled. Just as the Dawson.
street conclave was making a virtue of necessity, and
were engaged in close consultation. as to what was best
to be done under the heavy blow and discouragement to
which they had been subjected—just as they had detet-
mined to fall back upon such choice as was yet wilisin
their power—although bad was the best which remained
out of which to make a selection—a new embarrass-
ment arose. An article of fearful import appeared in
the columns of the Evening Mail—one of their own
Journals. Instead of sympathy, there was censure. In
place of consolation under calamity, there was reproach,
administered in terms of biting sarcasm. The oracle
uttered sounds prophetic of approaching defeat—and,
what was yet worse, exulted in the prospect.
STANDARD.—'The interviews which have lately
passed between her Majesty's Ministers and the dele-
gates upon the Ten Hours Factory Bill have obtained
already a large share of public attention, and they merit
even more than they have obtained. Such immediate
communications between the members of the Executive
and the humble labouring classes of the community open
a new chapter in our social history, and are rendered
more auspicious by the good feeling which it has mani-
festly inspired in the less elevated party. The examples
of Sir R. Peel,. the Duke of Buckingham, Lord Lynd-
hurst, and others, the most distinguished men by genius,
rank, and birth which the country possesses, cannot
fail to afford a useful lesson, on one aide, as to theinan-
ner in which our fellow-subjects of all conditions ought.
to be received by gentlemen and wise men, while the
courtesy and candour with which the representatives
of the labouring c!ass have been met, cannot fail
to inspire gratitude for the present (as we see it
has done), and for the future that self-respect
which, in nil men, is the best human guarantee
for good conduct. The benefit of the lesson
will not be confined to England. It will teach
-
to the Ministers of Monarchies the policy,
of affability and an accessible habit—to repu!o-
-t he
that
they
licans, the benefit of' good manners. It is quite plaids
that with all the Ministers the factory delegates have
succeeded to a great extent, with
length of their objects. The only
some
objectionsto
matism of the now happily expiring system of polit,ted
have bad to encounter are theoretical, part of the do
a
economy constructed by Mr.,Malthus and his coAtem.
remember the opposed from lA, first pro_
mulgation, and when; it numbered
almr,st tho
ppororuardie tos andre fellow labourers= system whie'o we are
country among its disciples. whole

MORNING SUN

MONEY MARKET and CITY NEWS.

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.

TIMES.—The mercantile circu'ar of Messrs. True-
man and Cook, of London, and the mercantile circular
of Messrs. Buchanan and Co., of Liverpool, in review-
ing the state of trade during the past year, agree in
most points as to the causes which have made it one
of so little profit to those engaged in business. Bath
ficms appear to carry their observation back to the
date of the establishment of joint-stock banks, and the
redgandancy in circulation created by their reckless
advances of monies as one of the chief causes which
have produced the late extreme depression of trade.
These advances, they say, called into existence mills
and machinery to an extent which carried production
far beyond reasonable bound. A. succession of bad
harvests is also quoted as having bad a powerful in-
fluence in bringing about so much derangement ; for
the quantities of foreign wheat and flour on which duty
has oeen paid for consumption in the United Kingdom
were, in 1838, equal to 1,834,453 quarters ; in 1839,
2,681,390 quarters ; in 1840, 2,436,665 quarters ; in
1841, '1,413016 quarters ; making together 9,365,724
quarters in four years, for which little short of
00 000,000/. sterling were paid to export.ng countries,
whereas in the four preceding years the amount in
value was not more than 500,0001. Reference is also
stfongly and pointedly made to the suspension by the
American States, and the failure of houses in that
trade, which, having a large amount of capital locked
up on the other side of the Atlantic, have been re-
duced_to the necessity of winding up till the derange-
ment in trade has passed ; while also the state of our
foreign relations is indicated as having pressed heavily
on business in all departments. With respect to the
future, Messrs. Trueman and Cook write—" It is
highly satisfactory to observe, in regard to the position
of our monetary affairs, upon which a return to prospe-
rity much depends, that the year commences with a
change for the better, so decided as to form quite a con-
trast to what has been long experienced. The Bank
of England was never more at ease, for bullion is flow-
ing in from all quarters ; and their stock in about two
or three months has increased 2,000,000, being now
6,000,000, and even allowing for some check from fur-
ther imports of corn, it is not unreasonable to expect
that by the month of April the accumulation will have
reached at least 7,000,000.

Messrs. Buchanan and Co. take much the same view
of the tffect of the late large influx of specie upon the
stock of bullion in the Bank, although they hardly g-ve
so high an estimate of the amount by nearly 1,000,0004,
and form a similar opinion as to a favourable return in
business, if it is followed with prudence and caution.
03 the subject of foreign investments they stat.—
" Previous to this period (alluding to about 11 years
ago, which was the period when the dispOsition sprang
up to seek a new system for the employment of capital)
surplus money had been very generally lodged in the
hands of experienced private bankers at a moderate in-
terest, and was employed by them with prudence and
judgment, tl.e more so because. it was loaned on their
individual responsibility. So soon however as the vari-
ous foreign and domestic joint•stock projections began
to come in favour with the British public, more parti-
cularly those of the United States of America, then
these deposits were gradually wi:hdrawn, and invested
from time to time, together with constant and
enormous annual accumulations, in undertakings ren-
dered temptieg, not, as it should have been, by the
reasonable prospect of ultimate success, because based
on solid foundations, but by the temptation afforded in
the shape of high interest or a quick premium: This
a;.ecies of gambling in time produced reflection on the
part of some, and mo e correct itiformation of the real
state of affiirs on the part of others, induced the initi-
ated, from 002 or the other of these motives, to pock, t
tLe early bonuses, and leave the unwary in the lurch
Ruinous as many of our local schemes have been, in the
tra.t. :d States of America, where a very large amount
of British money was invested, the results are disastrous
in :1e extreme. Tue absolute extinction of capital by
many of these projections is enormous, and the buoy-
eney of trade and commerce necessarily crippled there-
by. These remarks, though applying to the monied
interest generally, do particularly so to business men
liavieg moderate surplus means, and a class of people
not conearnA with trade.

ADVEItTISER.—Our private letters from Ports-
mouth mention that the freight of specie brought by
her 'Majesty's ship Conway, from Chins, forming part
of the sum guaranteed to Captain Elliot as the ran-
som for Canton, consi.ts of Sycee silver, and not of
Spanish dollars, as has been stated. The freight con-
sitts of sixty-two tons of silver, and is worth .550,000/.
It must have been a scurce of infinite pain to Cie
Emperor of Cnina and his I-I;gh Commissioner, to
lava parted with this the first instalment of the
amount of the ransom, in a metal, to retain which
within the. empire has always been a source of the
greatest anxiety to the authorities. In fact, bad not
ilia opium trade .a direct teadency to drain China
of the Sycee silver, there might, perhaps, not have been
a ban placed upon it. If we reao:lect right': ,in sonic •
of the earlier pr.-;clamations against the opium trade,
the morals of the people received but slight considera-
tien the great reason why the drug should be pro-
hibited being that it tended to cause large exportations
of this precious metal in favour of eta barbarians.
'There is no precedent for such a large amount of Sycee
silver being receive,: into this country. The coffers of
the II ink of -ragland will next week receive this valu-
able consignercot. The value of this, the favourite and
much cherished metal of the Celestial Government, is
intrinsically greater than that of B:itisb silver. Direr
consignments are expected to teach this country soon
on the same account.

RUSSIA AND POLAND.
(From the Journal deg Debuts.)
The lust news from Poland announces that the system
for uniting this unfortunate country with the Russian
i-inpire haa, reached its last period. The Germanpapers
have already published the measures relative to the
union of language and of currency in the two countries.
The Augsburg Gazette of the 27th of November con-
reins au article which shows the opposition which exists
. - lestween the policy .of the l'i;ng of Prussia and that of
he Emperor with respect to the Polish provinces. A
decree inserted in the Official Gazette of St. Petersburg,
'suppressing the Supreme Court and Council of State of
that. ancient kingdom, which it replaces by two sections
palled departments of the Russian Senate, has peoved the
last and final blow to Polish nationality. The Senate in
Russia is not, as is believed, an aristocratic. Chamber, an
independent pi ever, intermediate between the throne and
the nation. The real Russian aristocracy, the territorial
aristocracy, lives at Moscow, or on its lande, exercising
no influence over the affairs of the country. The Senate is
compfisedofie iurtiers and generals,the mostpart foreigners ;
it forms a superior tribunal, which, although it is not a
tribunal of upped, is in some sort at the disposal of the
Minister of !Justice, who acts as its Attorney-General.
The Senate is at present composed of ten sections, six Of
which are at St. Petersburgh, the seventh and eighth at
Moscow, and the ninth and tenth at Wursaw. The first
ssetion is destined to register and preserve the ukases of
other sections are kinds of tribunals
jeileing all civil attains unanimously. It is a stransre
end, - rstnarkahle fact that the famous liberuni veto of
Poierel, which distal-bed so many political assemblies, is
feuel in the Russian Senate to diSturri private affairs.
oppositionsof a single member or a section is sulli-
„ cient to annul a judgment ; it is then sent to the Gene-
ral Assembly of all the sections together, which judges
theee
.questions by the majority of votes. Nevertheless,
afEer judged bv,the Senate in the sections and in the
isaessi Assembly is not ended; -on the appeal of the
.ii ,e-te•r eneetir-Generalit may be sent into the Bu-
ie isss hisit eeve their advice ; from thence, it is .trans-
atr,rre l-tea the emeneil of the Empire, composed of all the..
ei i n is tors, theilignitariee of the C 4 mreand the oldest gene-
rs Is. where 'it is again judged ; hut thiS is not yet all.
Is is ninnitted at last, to the decision of the Emperor.
i ie.ee %sill is above the law. let the affair is not always
thatompreme thrm, for it often happens that tine
:-Ic..ft,;Bilioviir, when occapied with more serious affitirs, sends
-,,iltsterrilts. nilmnal of the First Instance. This
wont has to the characteristic Russian pro-
verb, "All :Clair is never so near being won as when it
is ism" it_may he said that in Russia tri-
' bunals mertee exist for form ; all is judged in the Ca-
Meet of the Minister and of the Senators by obscure
end ignorant people. It is easy to see what a. door re-
mains-open to corruption with such a system and such
tribunals, judging according to indecipherable laws.
These laws, which the Emperor Nicholas has united,
forin sixty-seven volumes in quarto. The extracts of
these laws containing the laws called obligatory. laws,
which serve as a code fur the judgment of causes, is corn-
peed of twenty volumes, which are increased each year,
With an appendix; containing the orders of the Emperor in
the coarse of the year, and which have the force of laws.
The two sectioes of the Senate of Warsaw differ from_
the others, in that one judges criminal affairs and the
other civil affairs. According to the last letters from
Warsaw, the Code •of Napoleon, which the inhabitants.
were already accustomed is about to be replaced by
a legislative digest, made under the inspiration of cen-
tral power at St. Petersburgh. The territorial tax will
be replaced by the capitation, such as exists in Russia.
This tax is paid by the proprietor, who answers to the
State for his peasants and serfs. The abolition of the
line of custom-houses in the two countries will be put
in execution. It is the only measure good for Po-
shut up between Russia and Prussia,
could .not exr, wt. its natural pt.-since, nor its manu-
factured produce towards Asia, especially towns cis
"Ina, it; ~j0:11 would he sure of an advan-
tageous sale. The national and confiscated goals
and lands of emigrants have a'l been made over to the
Warsaw bank. All these lands, which form alm'mst one-
third of the country, are to he sold, bat the money which
comes from it will enter into the Imperial Tressdry ; for,
alcording to the last decrees of the Emperor, the Bank is
to send in• b eistiees and surplus of its funds to
Treasury. The other imasures, such as the instalment
of the .s rshici! tneilra I at Warsaw• the enrolling of *Jews
in tl e army, the in reduction of the Rusiean language
into the acts of almnistration, and into all the colleges,
the obligation of wearing the Russian-uniform, the trans-
.
formation into a public establishment of the Sybyllii of
Pulawy, a t mple consecrated to the Polish nationality
s
—all these measures are the complement of that level-
ling system, the aim of which is 'to destroy every vestige
of Polish nationality.
PI X4f _ Resides, the Russian Gtwernment, no doubt fearing
to increase the authority, of the territorial proprietors
in Peland, has just decided that the officers of the army,
wilt:. Amide occupy almost all the civil functions, will
Cctlred to thefunction4 of Mayor in the country places.
VI • 4 .ttt
•
•,,
,
4 11

But here the calculations of despotism are at fault. The
officers who have no immovable property in the country,
and whose pay is insufficient, will .he obliged to depend
on those they are placed to- watch,. and will thus
imbibe ideas from which they would have been pre-
served, if they had kept their. military function. It is
well known what answer was given by a Governor of
a province, accused of too much mildness towards the
Poles. " There is," said he, "something in the at-
mosphere which modifies the nature and the cha-
racter of man, and if the Emperor were in Poland, he
would become a Pole." The Grand Duke Constantine,
eldest brother of the Emperor Nicholas, after a few
years' stay in Warsaw, wishel rather to abandon the
throne than renounce Poland, where he had married the
daughter of a simple citizen. 'What, then, is that magic
influence, that hidden power, which acts with so much
force upon the'Russians in Poland ? It is civilization,
the spirit of progress, which all the efforts of despotism
-cannot root out, and which will show itself sooner or
later among theßussians.

The Poles until now have only fought in the name of
their nationality and their independence ; but if they
would keep their flag till happier times, and then begin a
struggle in the name of that civilization which is so un-
worthily outraged, one of. those commotions of which
Russia has already felt the fatal effect might take place.
Poland has - always been the scarecrow of Russia ; the
Russian philosophers and liberals, full of hatred and na-
tional rivality, repulseil all that came from that part,
laws, customs, and liberties ; they thought it better to
seek models in the Grecian and Roman annals or the
American Constitution. Now that simple Polish Consti-
tution, which one of their Sovereigns promulgated in a
moment of inspiration, has given to politics principles,
to society better laws ; and these new dogmas will not
want ardent disciples to propagate that. The Russian
empire is, no doubt, imposing by its ensemble and its ex-
tent. All classes are linked one to the other by a mili-
tary hierarchy, and by an iron discipline which directs
them at its will. But if a single spring of this vast ma-
chine gets out of its place, the whole is likely to fall,
leaving the field free for the 'old spirit of municipal free-
dom, and to ardent populations impelled in divers ways
by sentiments of nationality."

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

INSOLVENT DEBTORS' COURT, Jan. 10.

IN RE WM. STEWART MORGAN.

The insolvent in this case described himself as a lite-
rary writer, and was opposed by Mr. WOODROFFE, on
behalf of Henry Chute, the proprietor of the Cambrian
Coffee-house, Russell-street, Covent-garden.

It appeared that the insolvent, his—wife, four children,
and a female friend, had taken up their abode at the
house of the opposing creditor, where a bill was run up,
which the defendant was unable to pay.
Several other debts having been read from his balance
sheet,
Mr. Commissioner BOWEN said he considered that the
insolvent had contracted the debt with Mr. Chute with-
out any reasonable expectation of paying it. As he had
been already three months in prison, the judgment of the
Court was, that he be further confined for seven months.