The Sun.
London, England, 1829-11-03 00:00:00

SPIRIT OP TIM PUBLIC JOURNALS.

The most afflicting circumstance connected
with the assassination trials, now or recently
under progress at Cork, seems to be their hav-
ing originated in causes which would bespeak a
repetition or extension of similar atrocities. The
old Irish enmity, between conqueror and van-
quished, has been modernized into that between
proprietor and occupant, or rather between terri-
torial usurer and his debtor,—him'who will not
lend his land but at an interest which he, who
is compelled to borrow it, can in many cases
perish more easily than pay. The frequency of
this result to leases of small amount in Ireland,
which -constitute by far the most numerous leases
is one—and a prolific one—of those poisoned
fountains out of which has flowed the bitter-
ness of the pauper tenant against the
landed proprietor, who have ceased to be
to each other like lord and vassal, in so far as
unfeeling scorn and rapacity on one side, and on
the other profound and rancorous hatred, have
succeeded to those mutual impulses of
kindness and reverence which formed the
cement in former centuries, of the savage,
though not heartless, relationship between
rich and poor. Men, it is true, of easy condi-
tion, though of peasant race and habits, have
been implicated in these conspiracies for the de-
struction of Irish gentlemen ; one who has heels
convicted we may name—John Leary ; and the
probable explanation is, that he had imbibed the
the instincts of his caste, and espoused from
public spirit (for such we have no doubt he con•
sidered it) a quarrel, to which no personal want
or interest had provoked him. What a revolting
picture does this one fact present to us of the
effects produced by law, in a country where the
law was not made for, but against the people f It
is a fashion of long standing amongst flippant
gentlemen and ladies from Ireland, to call the
peasants " deceitful, ungrateful, and incorrigible."
Persecuted slaves are always " deceitful." Men
who are generally (we do not say universally)
treated with harshness, and spurned with on
tempt when they murmur, will be apt to enter.
tain habitual feelings towards their superiors,
which a solitary or unaccustomed act of mercy
may not all at once displace ; and as for the
" incorrigibility" of Irish peasants, what pre-
tence have they to complain whose only instru-
ment of correction is the police-man, the lash,
roi
ihnet
acnoci
em t ph r i
ts
en ?,
oNrVere'cltaosos, olflalvreisslTeNaN%
k(i
on
oo
rw from s
and
di
nthose
doors—in
havesv—trts
trust,
known t
excluded
! e ' ois t
fromt of
it—on duty, and freed from its obligation. s, as beg-
gars, labourers, servants, soldiers; and from such -
knowledge we can conscientiously affirm our belief;
that the instances have been rare in which they have
been found to be unworthy of confidence, dis-
trustful of their friends, insensible to kindness,
untouched by gratitude, or incapable of strong
and steady attachment to those who thought the
hearts of the poor worth winning. But the
truth, we fear, has been for the most part, that
their affections in their own country arc wrung,
by those who have the best means of winning
them, not from individual temper, but from a
sort of conventional necessity : the needy land-
lord yields to the mad competition of the pea,
sentry for his worn-out acres, as reckless of fu-
turity, his station considered, as the most frantic
bidder who besets him for a potato-field. The
squire accepts the promise of the highest rent,
and shuts his eyes to the impossibility of payment.
The rest is insolvency—the sheriff's officer—des-
peration—vengeance—and the gallows. What
is, or can be devised a cure for this horrible
system ? The system must have a systematic
remedy. The administration of the laws must
be taken away from one faction, that the other
faction may not be justified in considering the
law as an instrument in the hands of its enemies.
There must be a code of poor laws established
for Ireland, that the landed proprietors may not
henceforth be enabled to make paupers with im-
punity, but that the rich may have a direct selfish
interest in promoting the poor man's comforts.
The vices of the Church establishment of Ire-
land must no longer be confounded with the
means of upholding the Reformed religion in
that country ; but the working Clergy must be
better remunerated for their diligence at the
expense of the idle, who deserve no remune-
ration. The revenues of the Irish Bishops are a
reproach to the Church, and an incubus upon the
state : yet they come now, like Bishop Elling-
ton, whining about the " first fruits," and the
want of parish churches. The first fruits, as
originally intended, were one year's income of
each preferment—we believe of each Bishopric
also,—which the new Bishop or incumbent was
bound by law to pay for general purposes, of
which the building or repair of glebes and
churches was one. But the first fruits, as va-
lued centuries ago, are no longer a tithe of what
they ought to be, in proportion to the modern
income of Bishoprics and livings : yet, when-
ever one word is said about a new valuation, so
as to make the thing correspond with the name,
and to raise from the riches of the church itself,
a fund which might answer the objects of the
law, and be equivalent to one real year's in-
come of the clergy, an outcry is raised as if
the Protestant faith was in danger, aed the
establishment about to be subverted. This must
undergo a reform,—a " revolution," if Dr. El-
rington so pleases. Something, in spite of his
Holy Alliance politics, must be taken from the
ministers of corruption, and given to those of
religion. Something more must be done. All
attempts to organize anew the Cumberland con-
spiracy for defeating the operation of a law
which the members of the conspiracy could not
frustrate in its passage through the legislature,
must be narrowly watched and vigorously
crushed, or Ireland is lost a second time. What
business has Lord Talbot now in Ireland,—the
man under whose absurd administration the
whole of Munster was thrown into open re-
bellion ? What business, we say, has this cast-
off badge of the old Orange tyranny again in
the neighbourhood of Dublin. Will
he trust himself there now that the ditches
• are filled up, and the palisades levelled ? Yet
there lie is reported to be—closeted with Mr.
Gregory, a well-known personage, within a how-
shot of the Duke of Northumberland and Lord
Francis Gower ; and an ill-omened apparition
his Lordship may be assured he is, to every
man who knows what Ireland suffered when that
system was in its plenitude, of which Lord
Talbot was the last, and most appropriate, vice.
regal representative.
iNnosht ample What
tamission has Lord
Talbot received from the Duke of Cumberland ?
is
pub-
licly questionasked
an
dwwhei which
recommendeve have
it
t loetallredic inghe
8
oughtPri e t Minister, I in
obtainis te
theas a fit V
subject
l on i
which e
information.
If Mr. Gregory is to be retained in office, let
him be rigidly confined to business purely offi-
cial. He is at best an anomaly in the construc-
tion of the present Irish Government ; and, un-
exceptionable as he may be in private life, his po-

Litical odour has . always- been offensive to the
tuition. To the desiderata for a perfect Go-
vernment m IMAM, we must add a liberal dis-
pensation of patronage among respectable mem-
bers of the Catholic community. If they are
excluded as a sect from the looked-for con-
sequences of emancipation, they will still
band themselves together as a discontented
sect, and we shall all in that case feel that
the policy of the Executive has not supported
that of the Legislature. So far, indeed, as de-
pends on the local administration, there is little to
fear on this head ; hut such a thing as an over-
strict controul has, ere now, been exerted from
head-quarters. In the mean time, it will be
seen that the third Cork trial has ended in an
acquittal of two prisoners who were the subjects
of it. Some heat appears to have arisen be-
tween the Counsel on both sides, a conse-
quence almost inevitable in prosecutions affect-
ing the political state of the country, where the
lives of men are in peril. The character of the
witnesses has here told for more titan their testi-
mony, and it is probable, that unless further cor-
roborations can be found in the remaining cases
than those which have hitherto propped up the
narratives of Sheehan, Daly, Nowlan, &c., the
accused will have little to fear.—Times.
The trials at Cork have taken a turn which
few could have anticipated. Our readers will
see two men tried on Thursday, Burke and
Shine, have been found not guilty, the evidence
having been the same as on the former trials.
We have now, therefore, on the same evidence,
Ist, four men found guilty ; 2d, one man ac-
quitted, and three men left on account of the
disagreement of the Jury for trial at the Assizes;
and, 3d, two men found not guilty. It appears
that some of the witnesses have, in their evi-
dence, varied materially from the statements in
the sworn informations. One of them, Daly, is
distinctly charged with having sworn at the
Castle, that lie saw a large quantity of pikes
forging ; that 1001. were to be given for the job
and that all the priests in the neighbourhood
of Doneraile were mixed up with the conspiracy.
The Solicitor-General was, of course, too good
a tactician to ask questions, the answers to which
would shake the credibility of his own witness ;
and not a word was said about the pikes or the
priest at the trial. But this is not the only im-
peachment of Daly's testimony. It is stated by
the Cork Southern Reporter, that, during the
examination of Daly, Baron Pennefather called
Mr. O'Connell to him, and conversed with him
for a few minutes, and then gave him the in-
formation sworn by the witness the day after
the alleged occurrences in the tent at Kildor-
rery fair, and they did not contain a syllable re-
lative to the paper, which, he said, in his evi-
dence on the trials, was handed about by Leary,
of of the men convicted on Friday. The
account of the cross-examination of Mr. O'Con-
nell, touching these cross-examinations, is
curious :—" He said he swore them the day
after the meeting in the tent, and that he told
the Magistrate the truth ; he did not know, lie
next said, whether he told lies or truth, but he
told what he said and who signed the paper.
He gave the
informations before Col. Hill and Mr. Creagh,
immediately after the transactions in the tent."
The information was identified by Mr. Creagh,
who swore to the signature being that of Daly.
There is no doubt that attacks of a murderous
'nature were made against several individuals.
The difficulty is to discover the real nature of
their acts. They might originate in a great con-
spiracy, or they might be unconnected. Where
witnesses to whom suspicion naturally attaches are
not borne out by other evidence, and are, besides,
found to give different statements at different
times, the separation of what is true from what
is false is a task involving no slight responsibi-
lity. If we could suppose the statement of the
Solicitor-General to be true, that the class of
gentry and the rest of the population have no
sympathy with each other, and that intimidation
is carried so far, that the lower orders may be
described as in one great conspiracy against the
higher, it would be vain to look for any other
evidence than such as is produced on these
trials. But then we have no other evidence
for this conspiracy than the very men who
are naturally looked on with suspicion. How-
ever this may be, it must be allowed that in
a country like Ireland, in which .the law
has little efficacy, to procure witnesses to
hazard their lives by giving evidence, from
any less powerful motive than saving their
own lives, must in most cases be next to an im-
possibility. Where witnesses of a bad descrip-
tion can only be obtained, it would be dangerous
to say that no credit shall be given to them. A
number of them may agree in such a manner as
to certain particulars as to place them beyond
doubt, while one or two of the witnesses may
state other particulars which rest on their sepa-
rate credit, and are therefore not so much en-
titled to be believed. In India, according to
the accounts of the most experienced Magis-
trates, there is hardly a witness sworn who does
not mix up falsehood with truth. Were a wit-
ness, because lie is discovered in falsehood, to
be utterly discredited, it would be impossible
to administer justice at all. The first impres-
sion of a Magistrate from Europe is to dis-
credit the testimony altogether; but he soon
finds that he must exercise hisingenuity in endea-
vowing to disentangle the truth from the falsehood.
If there be any foundation for the alleged conspiracy
the operation of these trials must be exceedingly
mischievous. It will serve to encourage the guilty
minded, and to intimidate those from whom
evidence can alone be expected. Even as it is,
the witnesses in these trials must all be removed
from the country, because, to expose men who
have given evidence to destruction, would give
hereafter impunity to outrage. As it is, the
charge to the county for the witnesses, including
their future safety, must be enormous. Sup-
posing some of the witnesses had not been dis-
covered to be unworthy of credit, there would
always have been a chance of an acquittal out of
a number of trials. In what a light does an ac-
quittal of one party, even out of several, where
the evidence and the transactions are the same,
exhibit justice ?—Morning Chronicle.
We should look upon Mr. Huskisson's re-
turn to office at this particular juncture as one
of the greatest additional calamities which could
befall the country. 11Ir. Huskisson must now
return to office either with his principles or
`without his character : if with his principles, he
can only, by persisting in them, accomplish the
ruin they have already well-nigh produced ;
while, if he abandons his principles for the sake
of place, the history of every politician who has
done so will tell him, in characters of awful
warning, that in such a return to office he will
be able neither effectually to serve his country
nor, in the end, himself. We do not deny Mr.
Huskisson's talents, though we think they have
been more misapplied than those of any
public man within our recollection ; and we

.hall thinit more highly of them if we see
that he has the honesty and the courage man-
fully to acknowledge his errors, now that they are
proved to be such by melancholy and instructive
experience. The country requires no humiliating
retraction from Mr. Huskisson ; but, to carry
with it the air of sincerity and self-conviction, it
must be without that imputation of motive which
common minds, at least, will assign to it, if a
return to place be the consideration of his re-
pentance. No ; if Mr. Huskisson's object be
to serve his country, and, at the same time, to
vindicate his own character for political sincerity,
both those objects may be more effectually ob-
tained at this time out of office than in. Let
Mr. Huskisson, in his place in Parliament, can-
didly avow his errors; let him give every assist-
ance in his power towards repairing the vast
mischief which he has caused. Then, hav-
ing done so, if the country wants Mr. Huskis-
son's services, it will be time enough to have
them ; though we confess that we have our
doubts whether the time will ever come when
the country in general will be cordially reconciled
to one whose mistaken policy, though renounced,
must leave behind it the sting of a pai,•ful recol-
lection. And what, we would next ask, can the
Duke of Wellington hope to gain by a reunion
with Mr. Huskisson ? To the latter it may af-
ford a triumph, while in the Duke it will be a
tacit acknowledgment that Mr. Huskisson ought
never to have been dismissed. But a leader of
the House of Commons is wanted, Mr. Peel
having confessedly failed in that capacity—
and no man, it would seem, is fit to take
that station but Mr. Huskisson ! If such
were really the case, the country, indeed,
must be in a sad condition, and had
much better deplore the retrograde of intelle,t,
than boast, as it does, of its march. But the
truth is, there are persons enough quite as well
qualified to take the lead of the House of Com-
mons as Mr. Huskisson. It is a trick of trade
(for politics are, after all, we fear, but a trade)
to have the world believe that no tact for office
is to be found out of its existing pale. On the
contrary, the country, we believe, is tired of the
hacks of office, especially since so many of them
have shown a much greater disposition to gib
than to improve their straightforward pace. Be-
sides, the Duke of Wellington, we should think,
must be anxious that his representative in the
House of Commons should be a person every
way identified with the Government, and in full
possession of its views and confidence ; but
what real cordiality, or what, indeed, beyond a
hollow truce, can be supposed on a sudden to
exist between his Grace and a gentleman whom
he only the other day dismissed from office with
as little ceremony as he would have discharged
his footman ?—Morning Herald.

' Notwithstanding the feelers which were put
forth about a month ago, and the vauntings in
which some of our cotemporaries have since in-
dulged, respecting a revival of trade, it does not
appear, either from actual observation, or from
the accounts which reach us from the city or the
country, that any improvement has taken place
either in our external, or internal, trade, beyond
what might have been expected from the season
of the year, and the demands which it invariably
brings along with it. Now is the time when the
manufacturer is always busy in preparing the
fabrics which are in demand during the winter,
and the merchant in laying in a stock of them
for his customers during the same period ; and
as both these 'classes, since the panic of 1825,
have cautiously avoided every thing in the shape
of speculation, and limited, the one the amount
of his produce, and the other the amount of his
purchases, as nearly as each could guess to the
amount of consumption—and farther, as the
stocks held by both have thus been extremely
small, and only unavoidable purchases made
while any of the former remained on hand—it
was naturally to be expected, under such a state
of things, that in every instance when the season
of demand came, it would be as brisk as it would
be temporary and unprofitable. And such ap-
parently has been the case now, with this un-
favourable exception, however, that the demand
far autumn and winter goods has by no means
been so brisk as, from the reduced state of the
stocks on hand, might have been anticipated.
Morning Advertiser.

Woodcocks have already made their appear-
ance in this county. In Worcestershire, Cheshire, and
Monmouthshire, several have been shot.—Staffordshire
Mercury.

A woodcock—the first this season that has
been seen in the neighbourhood—was shot on Monday last
by Mr. R. C. EnstoNos, of Ilagsend, South Petherton.
—Hants Advertiser.

The thought has often struck us, in consider-
ing the many difficulties in the way of fixing a minimum
of wages, to preserve to those persons whose labour has
created the whole wealth of the community a fair portion
of the produce of their toil, that the reduction of wages,
below the rate which is necessary for the comfortable sub-
sistence of the labourer, might be prevented, by the for-
mation of a fund, out of the taxes, the county rates, or
the poor rates, for the carrying on of some great work of
public utility, at which employment might be found when -
ever the general rate of wages fell below a certain point.
If, for instance, :a great read from the metropolis to the
northern extremity of Scotland were commenced, and the
rate of wages to those employed in making it was such
that an unskilled labourer might earn eight shillings a
week, it would, in periods of distress, not only offer the
means of present relief to all who were unable to earn that
amount in their ordinary occupations, but it would remove
that competition of the working manufacturers, which is
always greatest at the periods when it is most injurious,
and would prevent accumulations of stocks of manufac-
tured goods, at periods when accumulation only adds to the
existing evil. In our speculations upon this subject we
have thought, that as present advantage would be com-
bined with ultimate utility, ordinary obstacles to the for-
mation of a direct course of road, ought not to he re-
garded, and that mountains should be levelled, and val-
lies filled up, so that the great public way should pre-
sent one grand undeviating line. We were far from
thinking with CASTLEREAGH, that it was useful to employ
men to dig boles one day and to fill them up the next;
but our objection to the seeming waste of labour in over-
coming the obstacles to the preservation of an almost
straight line, was removed by the consideration, that the
work would proceed only when expenditure upon it would
absolutely be charity to the suffering people. Our views
of the practicability, as well as of the great present and
ultimate advantages of such an undeitaking, have been
materially strengthened, by observing the extraordinary
power of the locomotive engines on the railway in remov-
ing materials from excavations to form embankments. The
engine employed to convey the earth from the excavation
between Eccles and the River Irwell, to the embankment
forming over Chat Mess, propels waggons, containing forty
tons of clay, at the rate of seven miles an hour ; and Mr.
STEVENSON'S Rocket bas recently propelled twenty tons at
the rate of twenty miles an hour. An engine, of power
like this, removing earth to the distance of a mile at the
rate of two hundred tons an hour, would level hills and
fill up vallies with almost inconceivable rapidity ; and ob-
stacles insurmountable in the olden time would now be as
an ant-hill in the course of an elephant. Such being the
facilities- with which
,the great national work we have
mentioned might he carried into effect, we trust that the
public mind will be directed to it, not only in the light of
profitable investment of capital, if undertaken by a com-
pany, and with the view to its immense ultimate utility,
but as the means of providing present subsistence to our
distressed countrymen, without bringing their labour into
injurious competition with existing employments.—Mast-
eh/NW Times. - _

rOREIGN INTELLIGENCE.

FRENCH PAPERS.
(From the Gazettede France, dated Saturday.)
LIES OF THE DAY.

PARIS, OCT. 30.—Le Temps—M. de Chabrol is ti
!►e Minister of the Interior ; M. Roi, of Finance ; M. de
ta Ferronays, Foreign Affairs ; General Ambrugeac, Minis-
ter of War; M. de la Polignac, President of the Council.
Le Constitutionnel-1 he seizure of the contraband
goods addressed to Lord Stuart, confirmed by M. Roi, has
been taken off by order of his successor, and the goods have
been restored to the Ambassador, upon condition of their
being re exported.
As the Journal des Debats has joined the liberal jour-
nals to deny the Comae Directeur, we think it useful to
call to mind what M. de Chateaubriand, or the Conserva
tear, said in 1819 on these committees.
" Frenchmen,—The honest men whom you ought to
choose to represent you are those Royalists who have already
merited your suffrages. These men du not intrigue ; the)
are not designated by Comae Directeurs."
The Gazette quotes other passages, in which the exist-
ence of the Comae Directeur is strongly asserted.
The Gazette quotes at full length the Act of the British
Parliament of the 39th George 111., chap. '79, against
" Various dangerous societies, such as the Correspondinv
Society of London. and others," in order to show that in
England, in one of the greatest dangers to which the Bri-
tish Constitution ever was exposed, the public liberties
and the royal prerogative were saved by parliamentary
measures.

(Neither the Gazette nor the Messager and 3foniteur
of Friday contain any news relative to the affairs of the
East.)

(From the Messager des Chambres of Saturday.)
(SECOND EDITION.)

FRONTIERS OF WALLACHIA, OCT. s.—No military
movement has yet taken place, but it is affirmed that the
corps of Count Pahlen will occupy Wallachia, and that of
General Kisselew, Moldavia. The Commissariat at Bu-
charest is already taking the necessary steps to provide for
its subsistence.

According to information communicated to the Divan, a
corps of reserve of 4,000 men will arrive here from Russia
by way of Reinnick by the 13th of October. The conti-
nual passage of military stores proves that Russia is using
all its efforts to secure for a long time the po'ilession of the
Principalities. The Russian engineers have been em-
ployed for some days in collecting statistical information
respecting the inhabitants and their property.
We are still uncertain with regard to all future relations
with the Porte, but it is affirmed that the Divan of Wal-
lachia has bad a secret corresposulence on the subject with
Gen. Diebitsch.

According to accounts from Krajowa, a handful of Turks
had committed all kinds of excesses, and pillaged between
Widdin and Orsowa, notwithstanding the publication of
the treaty of peace.
'1 he cases of plague become less and less frequent in our
part of the country; but it is said that the disorder still
rages at Krajowa.
LEGHORN, OCT. 6.—(From the Florence Gazette.)—
According to letters from Egina ol the 20th, and from
Navarin of the 26th of September, it seems that Count
Capo d'lstria intends to convoke a new National Assem-
bly, in consequence of the treaty of peace. Meantime he
causes the operations to be continued agains' the fortresses
and the continent of Greece, which are still in the hands
of the Turks. Admiral Miattlis is now blockading Pre•
vesa with the Elas frigate, while Admiral Sacchiny, with
six men of war, blockades the Gulf of Salonichi. Count
Augustin Capo &Istria has left Missolonghi, with a body
of troops, intending to march against Athens. Prince
Dem. Arius, with another corps, is going to Eubea, and a
third is marching to Epirus. According to letters from
Corfu, Epirus is in a most melancholy situation. The
greatest anarchy every where prevail.. Eight thousand
Albanians support the Pacha against the Sultan ; and as
they have not received any pay for several months, the in-
habitants, both Christians and Mahometans, are subject to
all kinds of extortion.

(From the Gazette de France.)

PARIS, OCT. 30.—Their Sicilian Majesties arrived at
Turin on the 22,1 of October. The King of Sardinia
went a stage to meet them, and brought them directly to
his country seat at Aglie.
The Grand Duchess of Hesse Darmstadt died on the
24th Mat, at the Castle of Anerbach. The health of this
Princess had long been in a precarious state, but it was
not supposed that she was so near her end.
(From the Allgemeine Zeitung of Oct. 27.)

VIENNA, Ocr. 22.—Metalliques, 1021 ; Bank Shares,
1234.

GERMAN PAPERS.

BERLIN, OCT. 16.—The frequent exchange of couriers
between St. Petersburgh, Paris, and London, gives reason
to suppose that important negotiations are on foot between
the three Courts, and that the affairs of the East still oc-
cupy all their attention. It seems that the Russian Ca-
binet is apprehensive of many difficulties in the execution
of various points respecting Greece, agreed upon at Lon-
don and Adrianople, and thinks its interest will he affected
unless the greatest precaution is used in the foundation of
the Greek State. But it also appears that Russia takes
the interest of the Greek nation much to heart,- and will
have it placed in a situation which shall give no reason to
fear its falling again under the yoke now thrown off, but
shall promise a rapid advance of civilization. The French
Court is thereby placed in a difficult situation ; it partici-
pates in the wishes of Russia for the future prosperity of
Greece, but would not willingly oppose the English Ca-
binet, and therefore proceeds with much caution. The
negociations at LOndon will therefore soon claim undi-
vided attention.

CRACOW, (►CT. 13.—According to several letters from
the interior of Russia, the military preparations are con-
tinued with as much activity as if peace hail net been con-
cluded. Hence it is inferred that many difficult points
will have to he arranged before a firm and durable peace
can be said to he attained ; and that the Russian Govern-
ment is resolved to be prepared against every contingency.
We also learn that the equipment of ships is continued
with great activity in the ports of the Baltic and the
Euxine. Whether these accounts indicate any great po-
litical plan of the Russian Cabinet, or are the result of
former orders not yet revoked, or merely measures of
precaution rendered advisable by circumstances, time
will show. By remitting the amount of twelve
millions of rubles in Bank notes of the military con-
tribution imposed on Persia, and by extending the
time agreed upon for the payment, the Russian Emperor
has given another proof of the moderation with which he
takes advantage of .tlie success of his arms and treats a
conquered enemy ;—it is known too that in victory he al-
ways offered peace, which he sincerely desires for the good
of humanity. But, with the sincerest love of peace, the
constant maintenance of a formidable military force must
secure the advantages of the peace which have been
gained. In Warsaw it is still hoped that the Emperor
will come and open the D;et in person, though the season
is so far advanced that it may be reasonably doubted.
VIENNA, OCT. 19.—A Russian Courier has passed
through here, on his way from St. Petersburgh to Naples.
A Prussian Courier has lately been dispatched to Berlin,
and an Austrian to Constantinople. It is said that the
loan of 25 millions has been contracted for at t 35 per cent.
with houses in the city.
TRIESTE, OCT. 18.—The damage done by the late
inundations is not so great as was at first thought. The
magazines of colonial produce have chiefly suffered. The
commerce with the Levant and Egypt revives, and many'
consignments are made to Smyrna and Alexandria. A ship
with cotton arrived from the latter port two days ago, by
which we learn that Boghos Jussuf, the Pacha's Minister,
whose brother has established a great house here, is by no
means removed from public business, but still enjoys the
whole confidence of the Pacha. It is also confirmed that
the armaments by land and sea are actively prosecuted in
Egypt, and th it every body believed Mehemet Ali would
soon declare himself independent.

VIENNA, OCT. 20.—iletall.ques 1031; Bank Shares,
1243.—Allyemeine Zeitung, Oct. 25.
The Austrian Observer of the 20th contains the Ma-
nifesto of the Emperor of Russia, and that of the 21 st the
Treaty of Peace, already published in other journal., but
no additional information.
STOCKHOLM, OCT. 13.—A journal says, under the head
St. Peteisburgh, that Prince ChoMrew's mission has pro-
cured for his grandfather, the Scholl, a reduction in the mili-
tary contribution. A fifth part of the whole still remained to
be paid, of which the Emperor is said to have transmitted
one half, and to have granted five years delay for the pay-
ment of the other half. On enquiry the Count Bjorn-
stierna did not state that treaties of commerce with Mexico
and Colombia bad been actually concluded in London, but
that he had commenced negociations for that purpose with
the Ministers of these Powers, which were interrupted by
his deputure from London.

Whatever trade may be declining, that of li-
tigation is not. The number of writs taken out this va-
cation, preparatory to the ensuing Term, is 11,000 more
than were issued previously to the preceding Term, and
6,000 more than were taken out during the corresponding
period of last year.,

LAW tiquaLiatxtt.

COURT OF CHANCERY.—Nov. 2.
IN RE COTTON.-MALICIOUS CONDUCT.

Mr. Kwicwr held in his hand a petition in this matter,
which was one of bankruptcy, notice of which had been
served, but which had not been answered ; therefore he
was enable regularly to ask hr an order upon it. It re-
ferred to the trial of an action, which stool for Wednes-
day next, for maliciously issuing the commissinn that had
since been superseded, and was for an order directing the
delivering up to the Secretary, in his Lordship's Bankrupt-
office, the Commission, and proceedings thereon, on affi-
davit, that they might be produced at the trial. There
were precedents which would show this application to be
quite of course, and consequently the extent of the pre-
sent application was, that the petition might be imme-
diately answered, so that the petition might be heard to
morrow.—Granted.

COURT OF KING'S BENCH, Nov. 2.
FROND AND ANOTHER V. STILLARD.

This was an action for an attorney's bill. It was
suggested that the plaintiffs could not recover, be-
cause the bill delivered was not written in words at
length. The Statute of 2 Geo. 11., c. 23, required
that attornies bills should be written in words at
length, except times and sums. A subsequent Sta-
tute allowed " such abbreviations as were commonly
used in the English language." The abbreviations
objected in the present case, were " Instrons" (in-
structions) ; " attg" (attending) ; " afft" (affida-
vit) ; " confce" (conference) ; " adoion" (adminis-
tration); " declon" (declaration); " Ffo" (folio) ;
" co" (copy.)
Ihe ATTORNEY.GENERAL thought it was suffi-
cient if the items were written in such words as were
intelligible to professional men.
Lord TENTERDEN was of the same opinion.
Verdict for the plaintiff for 99/. 141. 4d., the
amount of the bill.