The Sun.
London, England, 1827-01-19 00:00:00

been carried into effect, in 'all probability the promise of Mr. Pitt
to the Irish Romans would have been performed.
F.? The Pope and Popery, or Romanism, are to the Protestant,
r,, like a man in the dark. His fears or suspicions conceive him to
4 be a giant, a tremendous giant; whilst the Roman would hive it
I% believed ; that he is a little harmless and inoffensive personage.
4:•:; Both may be wrong ; but the delusion is kept up by the Roman
not showing him out, and bringing him to the light ; or, when
detected, disowning him. There is no sound principle in mystery
of human creation—it induces fear or superstition, and restrains
the intellectual faculties.
Nit the Church of Rome goes beyond. She declares herself
the only true Church ; unchanged—unchangeable—divinely con-
stituted—supreme. The Douay Bible contains this note on St.
Matthew, cap. vi., v. 24, " Two Religions—God and Baal,
Christ and Calvin, Mass and Communion, the Catholic Church
and heretical Conventicles."

In the Roman Catechism, the young are thus taught :
Q. Believest thou, that the holy Catholic and Apostolical
church is the one true church, in which the one baptism is given,
and the true remission of all sins ?
A. I believe.
Q. Moreover, lost thou accurie every heresy which lifteth
itself up against the church ?
A. I accurse them.

It is thus that the Romans in their early years are tutored to
'accurse every other church than their own ; and therefore, con-
clude, that the difference between the two churches is this—that
the unworthy, or insincere, or hypocritical of the Protestant
church, who prof'ss the faith, but believe it not, are condemned.
But the language of the church of Rome is this—" Here is my
faith—out of it there is no salvation ; if ye believe it not ye are
accursed, and cannot be saved.
The Church of England does not presume to condemn and ana-
themire that of Rome. It consider. her forms overstrained and
unnecessary ; and impelled and influenced by an excess of zeal,
rather than a want of piety, or of religious feeling. The mem •
bars of the Church of England are volunteers—those of the
Church of Rome are not; " Belong to me, for any other enlist•
ment is disloyal,." is the principle of its recruiting.

My firm opinion is—that no sooner shall Catholic Consolida-
tion be grafted on the Constitution, than many noble families will
turn from the Church of England to the Communion of Rome ;
and I rely more upon the untitled and industrious classes of so-
ciety for the maintenance of Protestant ascendancy, than I do upon
the descendants of the Barons of Runnimede. I strongly suspect
misty Protestant noblemen to be Catholics at heart ; and who, but
for their seats in Parliament, would attend the Romish Mass to-
morrow ; and I fear, that but for the Bench of Bishops, my asser-
tion would not remain long unproved.
The principles being the same, unchanged and declared to he un-
changeable, even in the belief to this day of the performance of mi-
racles by Roman priests ; Ido not think it impossible that many
disastrous events may arise again out of a religion in no wise al
'tend. It is said, that all fears may now be dismissed, since the
race of the ill-fated and ill-advised Stuarts is no more ; and since
'no one can appear at the Coronation with a right to impugn the
succession of my august family to the throne of England.—
Granted !—But suppose I am not found wrong in my
strong suspicions, that many ancient and noble families will
return to Romanism, when by so doing they will not lose
their Parliamentary privileges. Will the example stop?—
' Will the contagion approaching so near the throne, and
among the King's hereditary counsellors, be stayed at such a point?
Suppose the case of a weak prince near the throne, becoming a
convert to the Roman religion ? Suppose by deaths he come in
turn to succeed to the throne? His chance is cut off; he cannot
reign. Why ?—Because of his religion. Suppose him at the
time to be a married man, and to have children brought up in
the faith of the prince their father ; and at the time remaining so ;
but, that after a Protestant prince shall have succeeded, (having
also children to inherit,) one of the sons of the formerly disqua-
lified prince shall retrace his steps, and return to the Protestant
faith, the tool, perhaps, of some foreign power? If no preten-
der exists now—may not in such a case (a case by no means of
difficult conception) a pretender arise? I put the question for
consideration—for serious consideration.

There is (I believe) no man yet bold enough to bring forward
a measure for Catholic consolidation, which is not accompanied
by a protection of the Protestant principle—of, in fact, Protestant
~Ascendancy—and, for this purpose, certain Great Officers of
State, and the Monarch, must be Protestant. Now, in my
:Simple way of arguing, where protection is considered necessary,
dani-er is apprehended and to be feared—and yet the attempt is,
to.adnait the danger with a view to contend against or crush it.
1 say, roll the barrel into Parliament, when you are satisfied that
it contains no gura-powder. If you do not, there will be an ex-
plosion, however small the train.
I have rested my objections upon several grounds.-1. That
the Roman will not allow a Protestant Parliament, or Protestant
Church, to interfere with his religion. I have proved that posi-
tion, by referring to the theological judgment circulated among the
Peers of Parliament, on the first attempt to pass Mr. Plunkett's
two bills.-2. That on the several occasions, when measures have
been pressed upon Parliament, the parties on whose behalf
such measures were brought forward, were decidedly at variance
upon the policy of such measures.-3. That the Roman
Bishops, on the prospect of the Union between England
sisal Ireland, had come to certain measures of accommo-
dation and arrangement, which they subsequently retracted, not
only ht the most unequivocal, but in the most opposed manner, as
regarded their former dispositions.-4. That any parliamentary
measure would be contravened by the Roman priesthood, if inter-
fering with their ahurch discipline.--5. That the authority of the
gee of Rome is brought forward as the reason of such dissent.-6.
That religion is part and parcel of the law of the land, and is em-
bodied in the Constitution ; that the admission, therefore, into
the Constitution af a party who considers its religious branch as
heretical and accursed, is an anomaly of the most extraordinary
,nature.....-7. That the assertion so boldly made, that—by admit-
the Roman into the Protestant Constitution—the former
would abandon his creed and his principles, is mere assertion ;
, than any sound position whereon
and is rather a satire upon him
to found apolitical measure.-9. That the answers of the Catho-
lic Universitien to the questions propounded to them by the Bri-
tish Catholics, at the desire of Mr. Pitt, are mere opinions, and
of no authority whatever in the canons of the Roman Church.-
9. That some legislative declaration or compact should be entered
into, in acknowledgment of the titles of the Protestant hierarchy
to its sees and possessions ; which should precede Catholic conso-
' lidation.-10. That where protection is required as part of a le-
gilative measure, danger is to be apprehended.-1 1 . That the case
of a pretender may arise.
These are, I believe, the several grounds in which I Lave con-
licienti„,lseopposed myself to further concession to the Romans.
They are not t;se results of early prejudices, or unexamined his-
tory ; but of my sincere and hearty conviction. I may not have
it in my power, in any other situation, to prove that my declaration
was ram verbiage. But et this solemn and serious moment, I
wish to give strength to my farther pledge ; and to confirm it, as
far as I can, by this voluntary explanation—l again repeat, that
" Security," nothing but " Security," must be taken ; and, as yet,
none has been offered, none shown, which even the weakest judg-
ment could areept.
Fronahislevelopement of my candid and honest sentiments, it
may be said that I am the enemy of the Romans; that had I lived
I would have cut them off from all hope, and have left them, as to
the future, a prey to despair. Nay, that I should have preferred
to see the " Fair Green Isle" deluged with the hlnod of the Ro-
man and the Protestant, in order to maintain the ascendancy of
the latter, and vindicate my own principles.
Gad forbid ! and forgive those who have attributed such false
intentious to me!
I never would, certainly, under any circumstances, have signed
the heath-warrant of the Protestant Constitution. Never would
,I' tiLder,_ any circausatances, have given my authority to a Bill for
'''`t"'"` Emancipation. No !--not even with the rebels' sword at
my throat.
The historian of my family has said—" Thirty-three genera-
tions, and a thousand yea, occupy
most certainly a small space
even in the historical Period of the world ;
but all greatness is
relative; and it may be added, that there is not one family in
Europe which can establish, by ric i
,er and contemporary proofs, a
similar antiquity. The house of Guelph appear as Sovereign Princes
&pm the earliest period of their history. If,
therefore, an-
tiquity and illustrious birth are entitled to en, degree of respect,
Great Britain may be proud of her present goaereian ; I
and al-
though , George the First' owed the Crown more immediately to
his female parent, yet he was the only lineal descendant of the
Plantagenet stem.—The blood which warmed the heart of Bruce
flawed also in the veins of the Elector of Hanover. It cannot
fail ea be remarked in the history of this familyi; that while its
A its
;I tans acquired wealth anti honours by their union with the daugh-
ters of Emperors and Kings, the daughters adorned the throne of
the greatest potentates in Europe and Asia.
" Could the conjectural evidence of the German antiquaries be
admitted, not less than five centuries might be added to the period
of our history, and fifteen generations more of probable anceetors.
But the highest ambition of human pride may be satisfied with
what is certain in the pedigree of the House of Guelph. There is
1m Sovereign House iri, Europe, ancient or modern, that has not
been connected with, and sprung from some branch of this family."
Succeeding, theri, as my family did, to the Protestant Throne
of England, and qualified as it was to succeed by the profes-
sionof the Protestant religion ; it should never have been said

of me, that in the fourth generation, such sacred qualification had
been neutralized and betrayed by the Duke of York.
But, though I express myself thus strongly and decidedly, and
undissimulatingly ; my country may feel surprise, when I declare
myself the staunch friend of " Catholic Consolicfation."
Catholic Consolidation will produce Emancipation.
And as I am ready to admit, that England cannot he too warmly-
the friend of Ireland ; that nothing can tend so much to a mutual
repose, a mutual confidence, and a mutual greatness, than the set-
tlement of this great question ; I will now briefly explain what I
mean by " Catholic Consolidation ;" and my opinion, that it will
produce " Catholic Emancipation."
We have heard much of the Slave trade ; in olden days, how-
ever, the Irish were accustomed to buy British children as domestic
slaves; yet Ireland subsequently became subject to England as a
conquest ; and now the great object is, to unite both, so that they
may form, in heart, but one kingdom and one country.
I may make myself more clearly understood, by stating, that I
look for the effecting of Catholic Emancipation from the merging
of the great mass of the Roman Irish into Protestantism ; by
which, a consummation will be brought about:without the neces'-
sity of any legislative measures. This is what I mean by the
term, Catholic Consolidation.

If the Roman priests do not fear a comparison, or do not dread
that an opportunity should be afforded for the free circulation of
the Scriptures ; if the Roman priests are so confident of the supe-
rior truth of their own divinely constituted church ; they would
promote a comparison and an opportunity, which ought, according
to their doctrines, to ensure to them the victory.
Here, then, I offer another ground for Catholic Consolidation
—namely, that Ireland generally has been, from various causes,
obstructed in the knowledge of that which rendered perfect " the
Reformation in England ;" and that when time enough has elap-
sed, to make up for this delay, the same result may be reasonably
expected.
I have alluded to the sums levied by a demagogue influence, and
seconded by the priesthood, under the head of "Catholic Rent."
The payment may seem to be voluntary, because no legislative
power exists to compel it; hut if no legislative power, there is a
spiritual influence exercised, of more efficiency—of much more
efficiency—and the Roman, who having the means, refuses to con-
tribute, becomes a marked man—and yet notwithstanding all this
machinery, I think it no mean proof of the torpidity of the great
body of the people ; that complaints of the insufficiency of these col-
leCtions are constantly made at the meetings of the association ;
and any contributions are received with much acclamation.
Whatever may be my suspicions, (and I do not profess to
fathom into the mode of expenditure), I cannot well ima-
gine to what legitimate purpose such a collection can he ap-
plied, unless to bury their secretaries, who are permitted in their
lifetime to starve upon the honour of gratuitous services. A
great conscientious question, such as Emancipation ought to
be to the Irish Roman, surely should he conducted by vo-
lunteer exertions of mind and body. But the orator who sets
a value upon his lost time, and missed briefs ; and the scribbler
who values the columns of his journal, are not very inaccessible
to bribery. The best pay being on such occasion the best cause.
Here, then, is another feature in the management and getting
up of Catholic Emancipation, which may lead to Catholic Con-
solidation. The cause which depends upon the purse wears
out soonest--people do not allow patriotism to make holes in their
pockets.
Another piece of mechanism in this important measure, is the
counting of heads, in which with difficulty, the pig is omitted
from the score. I know the motives of the census may be taken
two ways ; first, as chewing the numbers affected, or to be affected
by the measure; and next, as a means of threat. I wish I could
bring myself to think, that this census was only intended as a
means of showing the comparative or relative proportion of the
population, as divided into Roman and Protestant. But when,
in the proceedings of the Roman Parliament, I have read of
allusions to foreign fleets, and foreign connections ; of pro-
ceedings little short of attempts at alliance; and of the syrn-
pathiea of foreign states in the degraded condition of Ireland.
When, again, I find from accounts in foreign journals such
allusions caught up, and Ireland unhesitatingly alluded to,
as the vulnerable part of Great Britain ; where, when an
attack is to be made, it will be made—l must confess,
that I am tempted to believe that Romanism has as exten-
sive a language as Jacobinism—and as intelligible. I recog-
nize in these expressions and allusions, that system of threat
which I do not trace in other bodies—in other numerous
bodies excluded from some participations in public office or public
honour. But I owe it to Ireland to declare, that little or no ap-
parent impression has been made by these demagogues on her
loyalty ; and, I think, these violent allusions have recoiled upon
the authors of them.

I argue then, that this absence of all disposition to insurrection,
when so repeatedly goaded ; and of all traitorism, when so often
hinted at ; will secure peace to Ireland, till the many beneficial
measures progressing in her favour shall have had time to produce
their efficacy and their benefit.

By such a delay as this, Catholic Consolidation may also be
promoted.
Among the arguments in favour of " Catholic Emancipation,"
none has appeared to me so full of contradiction, chicane, and in-
consistency, as its advocacy on the ground of " civil and religious
liberty." Had I come to the Throne, I should have considered
myself as thereon seated in virtue of the Revolution which took
place, bottomed as it was upon a determication to support civil
and religious liberty. The Revolution did not take place in op-
position to a Pretender to the Throne ; hut because, in violation
of his coronation oath, James 11. had attempted to destroy the
Constitution; and with it, the enjoyment of civil and religi-
ous liberty. For the blind obedience required to the priest,
transfers itself into arbitrary power, when applied to ci-
vil matters. Romanian was banished from this coun-
try, because, in principle, it is opposed to all religious
liberty, which is not of its sort, of its own grant or
creation ; and, because, a Roman Catholic Monarch is sub-
servient to the Pope as to ecclesiastical jurisdiCtion, or derives
it from his authority ; the Pope being also both a spiritual and
temporal prince.
The favourite argument, or rather the apology made by the ad-
vocates of " civil and religious liberty," for their support to the
Romans, is grounded (I believe) upon an assumed right to wor-
ship God according to individual conscientiousness or conviction.
The Church of England is not against any such principle. She
only claims the power of protecting and preserving herself; and
throws open wide the door of admission, upon terms free to be ac-
cepted, and as free to be objected to; and there is hardly any
one subject upon which there is more general misconception (not
to say ignorance in many), than the supposition, that the
Church of England is a Church of exclusion. A Quaker is no
longer a Quaker, when he ceases to adhere to the rules and tenets
of his Society—an Unitarian ceases to be an Unitarian, when he
ceases to disavow the Divinity of Christ. Thus, a member of the
Church of England ceases to be one, when he does not acquiesce
in the articles of faith propounded by that Church. The Church
of England claims a liberty for her communicants to believe in her
faith and doctrines; and denies it not to any differing communi-
cant. This, I, as a well-meaning man, with a so-so head, and a
good heart, submit as the very essence, or position of civil
and religious liberty ; and it is not the Church herself, but
the laws of the country, sanctioned and made by a vast
majority, which have created such Church to be the " Na-
tional Church." In Scotland, the same church exists, but
not as a national church. But does the Presbyterian com-
plain that he is accursed, because lie is not a communicant of such
church ? Upon any other ground then, than upon the plea of
" civil and religious liberty," would the advocacy of Catholic
Emancipation he more consistently conducted : for it is to re-in-
troduce a system which has been rejected " at the Reformation,"
and expelled " at the Revolution," because of its enmity to civil
and religious liberty ;" which enmity it embodies to this very day.
Look at Spain, as a proof.
I think, therefore—that when the delusion of the principle, and
the singular anomaly shall become apparent,—of bringing again
into existence, upon the ground of civil and religious liberty, their
own inherent and interminable enemy ;—that another step will be
accomplished towards Catholic Consolidation. No other Church
but that of Rome accurses her neighbour.
Notwithstanding my so-so head ; I have really looked into Mr.
Butler's book of the Roman Catholic Church, which has convinced
me more than ever, that I am right in proclaiming myself to be
" a true Protestant Prince ;" and I leave him full liberty to re-
main a " good Roman." I could not, however, but smile at the
mode which Mr. Butler takes to substantiate his arguments ; re-
ferring not a little to a former book of his own writing—to the
works of Dr. Lingard and Mr. Sharon, or Aaron Turner, (I for-
get which), both which gentlemen lie calls his mutual friends;
and to (I presume) a relation of his own, one Mr. Alban Butler,
whom he prodigiously praises. Most of his other autho-
rities are Romans—all Romans. I should have thought, that
the right way to convince, would have been—to have detected
the errors and falsehoods of Protestant writers, and not prop
up his own church out of her own bricks and mortar. The Rev.
George Townsend iu his " Accusations of History," has done
something towards a reply to Mr. Butler, which, as far as it goes,
is good, and at all times fair and candid; but of much too timid and
polite a temper.
I have referred to 'Mr. Butler's " Book of the Roman Catholic
Church" because of one chapter in it, which helps to cirri, on my
plan of Catholic Consolidation, or " future merging into Protes..
tantism." In this (which is the 10th Letter), Mr. Butler gives
an account of the Transalpine and Cisalpine doctrines, respecting

the power of the. Pope ; stating, that formerly the Trans-
alpixes admitted his right to dethrone Kings by temporal power,
in order to carry into effect spiritual objects; yet that such
power was denied by the Cisalpines ; but that now, no difference
exists between the two opposing patio. Mr. Butler does not,
however, give any authority for this assertion, or produce any
canoe or council to corroborate his statement, but proceeds
thus :

" But though, on this important point; both parties are at last
agreed, the`• still differ on others.
"In spiritual concerns, the TAmsalpine opinions ascribe to the
Pope a superiority and controlling power over the whole church,
should she chance to oppose his decrees; and consequently,
over a general council, her representative ; and the same
superiority and controlling power over the canons of the
universal church. They describe the Pope as the fountain of
all ecclesiastical order; jurisdiction, and dignity. They as-
sign to him the power of judging all persons in spiritual con-
cerns ; of calling all spiritual causes to his cognizance ; of con-
stituting, suspending, and deposing Bishops ; of conferring all
ecclesiastical dignities and benefices, in or out of dominions, by
paramount authority ; of exempting individuals an►l communi-
ties from the jurisdiction of their prelates ; of evoking to him-
self, or to judges appointed by him, any cause actually pending
in an ecclesiastical court ; and of receiving immediate appeals
from all sentences of ecclesiastical courts, though they be inferior
courts, from which there is a regular appeal to an intermediate
superior court. They further ascribe to the Pope, the extraor-
dinary prerogative of personal infallibility, when he undertakes to
issue a solemn decision on any point of faith.

" The Cisalpines affirm, that in spirituals the Pope is subject
in doctrine and discipline, to the church, and to a general council
representing her ; that he is subject to the canons of the church,
and cannot, except in extreme case, dispense with them ; that
even in such ca.ses dispensation is subject to the judgment of the
church ; that the Bishops derive their jurisdiction from God hint-
self, immediately, and not derivatively through the Pope ; that he
has no right to confer Bishoprics, or other spiritual benefices of
any kind, the patronage of which by common right, prescription,
concordat, or any other general rule of the church, is vested in
another. They admit that an appeal lies to the Pope from the
sentence of the Metropolitan ; hut assert, that no appeal lies to
the Pope, and that he can evoke no cause to himself during the in
process. They affirm, that a general council may without,
and even against the Pope's consent, reform the Church. They
deny his personal infallibility, and hold, that he may be deposed
by the church or a.general council for heresy or schism; and
they admit, that in an extreme case, where there is a great divi-
sion of opinion, an appeal lies from the Pope to a future general
council."

It does not appear to me, of what " the Church" consists.
It is not the Pope; it is not a general council, because both are
spoken of as distinct from the Church ; and yet to the Church
Mr. Butler attributes power ; unless, therefore, it is the abstract
brick and mortar, and timber and paint of St. Peter's, I cannot
define the Church of Rome.

But the question is-Are the priesthood of Ireland Transalpine
Cisalpine?or I suspect them strongly to be of the former. If
so, there is ample latitude for most important changes u re-
gards their connexion with, and obedience to the Roman Pon-
tiff. They may, on becoming Cisalpine, elect their own
bishops in their own chapters, without leave of the Pope; and,
possibly, they may present the elected to their own Sovereign for
his approbation. Certainly, however, the spread of the Cisalpine
doctrines is calculated to create so complete a schism in the Roman
Church, and so completely to shear the Pope of his honours, his
powers, his interference, and his infallibility.; that he may come
soon to be a mere ecce signora. I must confess myself not aware
that there were two such complete sets of Romans—the one quite
Papistical, and the other all but Protestant, as far as papal allegi-
ance is concerned.

I think, therefore, the schism which Mr. Butler has disclosed
to public view, requires only to be widened a little and a little by
degrees; and that from such division will spring another seed of
Catholic Consolidation.

There is but one other point to which 1 will allude, or my
countrymen will say that " York grows tedious." In times of
public commotion, nations are seen to run from one extreme to
the other. Look at France now, and as in the hour of revolution.
She once banished her priests, shut up their places of divine
worship, and substituted the goddess of reason in their place.—
Now she is approaching to a priest-ridden condition—Spain is
entirely so; and what is there which tends to a suspicion of the
Cabinet of France; The good understanding between the
priests of the two countries ! And how is this effected ? I
cannot but think, that, as in the Court of Rome, the Pope is
a sovereign not only in spiritual matters as regards other
countries, but is himself a temporal prince ; and since spiritual
matters would bring to his temporal court, ambassadors from all
countries but our own; the Pope becomes thereby master of all
the intrigues of Europe, and negatively gives an impulse to the
councils of Roman Catholic countries. And yet it is to this same
influence, which the British politician ridicules or opposes, under the
term of apostolical ; that the object is, to give resuscitated power
at home.

Possibly this last consideration, duly weighed, may also lead to
an objection to Catholic EmanCipation ; and every objection
which gains time, and admits of the growth of an increased pro-
sperity in the temporal affairs of Ireland, tends to the establish-
ment of my principle of Catholic Consolidation—or merging into
Protestantism.

I now propose, as regards Ireland, three golden rules—
ENRICH LIER!

GIVE HER. THE BIBLE!
LAUGH ♦T HEB. DEMAGOGUES !

With these rules I conclude this legacy of my opinions—my
firm belief being, that no legislative measure can effect Emanci-
pation, which requires to be accompanied with securities and ex-
clusions—it is but to confer power on a party not yet five from
cause of suspicion. If it be of no consequence, abstractedly—
whether a people be heathens, idolators, Turks, Jews, or Chris-
tians, provided they are rich and powerful, and great among the
nations of the earth; then—grant Emancipation. But if our fore-
fathers have shed their blood, and, from a small band of deter-
mined men, have, by their brave example, made us a nation of
Protestants; and if the present generation is bound to the coin.
try as Protestant ; then the characteristics must be perpetuated,
and throe principles avoided, which, to become Protestants, our
ancestors rejected upon trial and examination—and I think, ton—
that to find a way for the renovation of the Roman religion, is to
revert back to the era of the Heathen mythology, between whose
household Gods, and earthly-made Saints, there appears not a
very great shade of difference.
I had thought to have concluded this branch of my letter ; but
there yet remains one brief remark, which I beg to make,
and in which I trust to escape the imputation of improper
motives.

Many Protestant Noblemen and Gentlemen, resident in Eng-
land, treat their most extensive Irish possessions more upon a
Colonial policy, than consider them situated in a country which,
since the Union, may be admitted to be as much England as any
one of the home counties.—Such persons, through the repreaen--
tations of their agents, are led to think, that Catholic Eniaricipa-
lion only is wanting to secure the peace of Ireland ; that this
granted, the population will settle down into habits of steady in-
dustry; awl that laud will increase in value, and rents be more
regularly remitted. Acted upon by such reports, many who
would reject the measure as one not at all necessary in England,
or which, if confined to England, would be perfectly harmless
and unimportant, look upon it, being an Irish measure, as one
really connected with the best interests of the " fair green Isle."
I have stated, that from the year 1790 Ireland has been increas-
ing in wealth, in population, in agriculture and manufactures ;
and that in all this time vain have proved the attempts to subvert
" Protestant Ascendancy."
I warn such reasoner' upon such grounds, of what I cannot but
fear will prove erroneous ; and am of opinion, that danger may arise
from advantages held out as certainly to accrue from some specific
measure, but which may prove fallacious altogether. The trou-
bles of Ireland arise from the hatreds and feuds of clanship. The
intellectual and political value of Catholic Emancipation is, I fear,
of too refined a nature for a calculator of the price of !patter, pigs,
and potatoes.

I expect that my letter will occasion differences, and be dis-
pleasing to those who consider every thing from Honest York
must be the antipode of Romanism, men who, having well con-
sidered the principles in which they have been brought up, and
connecting them with the Constitution, must be opposed to, and
have enemies among those, who would seek to destroy such Con-
stitution.

Could I resolve to pats into the grave as one convinced of
error; or who, had he lived, might have found some convenient
pivot on which to turn round upon his former sentiments ; .1
bad not cared to perpetuate the spirit of York. May, then, those
who thought with me in my life-time, remember this my last
memorial ! and may it hind them more firmly than ever,
and as one family, in the defence and preservation of the
principles we mutually professed ! These may possibly
tend to induce many who differed from me (from the
effect, perhap, of prejudices stronger than those attributed to my-
self) to examine further the reasons of such dissent. Perhaps I
may impart strength to the weak, and decision. to the wavering.
To those who remain conscientiously my opponents, I deny not the
character of good and honourable men ; nor, lit my life-time, did
I withhold from such my personal esteem.
There yet remains one subject of some personal importance to

myself, but of far less estimation than the vital question into
which I have se fully entered.
My enemies, when I am no more, may fasten upon my errors
as a man subject to human infirmities; let them, however, do jus-
tice to me as a Prince.

My reverend King and Father relinquished the hereditary revenues
of the Crown, which are now applied to the general service of the State,
and by_ the constitutional and annual grant of the civil list, the King
and Princes of the empire are dependents upon the public bounty.
I dispute not or object to this.arrangement. But there are ad-
Vantages derived from the landed revenues of the nobility, which
enable them to meet difficulties, and make provision for honour-
able or just engagements, into which folly or fashion, or inexpe-
rience, or imprudence may occasionally betray the wisest and the
boldest. The Princes of England, in point of temporal wealth,
are placed much below numerous branches of the nobility, and of
more commoners.

Should, then, the question come before the country,—whether
imprudent, but Honest York is to rest discredited in his grave—
-1 trust the question will be considered by the country, not as a
British one merely, but as one of international policy.—The eyes
of Europe will watch the decision.
York dies at his post! Forty-seven years a soldier, and thirty
as Commander-in-Chief, in the service of his King and country !
Ask the army, over which I presided, how I did my duty?
Enquire of the generals, who have won for their country such un-
fading and perpetual laurels, the quality of the troops placed under
them by my anxious care? Ask the soldier, whether each was
not to me as a son? Ask your enemies, the estimation in which
the British army is now held ?
You may possibly learn some good account of one, now on a
lingering bed of certain death ; and who, expecting soon to resign
his soul to the King of Kings, bequeaths the care of his honour to
the kind and serious conUideration of the country—not to be dealt
with, according to the merits or demerits of York—but to he pro-
tected by the powerful shield of England !
Adieu, my beloved Countrymen ! Honoured King, most be-
loved brother, farewell ! Princes of our Royal House;, we shall
meet (I trust) in happy immortality. Protestants! be firm, united,
true, and conciliating without the abandonment of principle !
And may the dews of God's beneficent Providence fall kindly upon
my caentry, of England, Ireland, and Scotland !
FREDERICK.

NAVAL INTELLIGENCE.
(From th• Plymouth Journal.)

On Thursday Captain Simeon (Commander in 11316) took
the command of his Majesty's ship Alligator, of PS guns.—Lieu-
tenant John Townshend is appointed to, and has joined the same
ship, which is fitting at this port, for foreign service.
The Netley tender arrived on Saturday from Cork, with new
raised men.

The Starling cutter, Lieut. Robert Stuart, arrived on Satur-
day from Portsmouth, with money for the Dock Yard, and re-
turned again on Tuesday.
The Redpole packet, Mr. Bullock. commander, Game in on
Friday night, having left Falmouth on the II th instant, with
the North American mails. She was driven in here by stress of
weather, and to repair the damages she sustained in the gales
since she left Falmouth. She sailed on Tuesday for that port.

The Skylark, 10, was commissioned on Saturday by Lieut. B.
Aplin, for the packet service.
The Ringdove, 18, Capt. E. L. Thornbrough, sailed on Mon-
day for Bermuda.
In Hamone.—Britannia, Thetis, Alligator, Satellite, Rifleman,
Vigilant, Skylark.
At the Island.—Royalist, Netley.
In the Sound.—Leveret tender, and Lord Cochrane and John
Bushman transports, with troops for Lisbon.
Lieut. George Hales is appointed to the Preventive service at
Weymouth ; Lieut. W. F. Young to the Raleigh ; Mr. Porteous,
Surgeon, to the Sapphire.
The appointment of Admiralty Midshipmen, which has here-
tofore been confined to petty officers who passed for Lieutenants,
prior to the year 1822, has recently been extended, and young
gentlemen who passed in 1822 are now eligible.
Mr. Charles Clayton M'Lean has been proinoteno the rank of
Lieutenant. This gentleman was one of the individuals saved
from his Majesty's schooner Magpie, which was lost some months
since off the Island of Cuba, in the West Indies.

His Majesty's ship Espeigle, Capt. Yates, has met with very
boisterous weather off the Havannah. Between the 16th and 22d
of Nov. Capt. Yates fell in with several American vessels in great
distress, which he relieved as far as was in his power.

PORTSMOUTH, JAN. 18.—Wind N.E.—At neon sailed his
Majesty's ship Aracime, for Carthagena and Vera Cruz. his
Majesty's ship Asia bent sails yesterday, and it is believed will go
out of harbour to-morrow. It is reported here, that a squadron
of ships of the line (supposed to be those which lately conveyed
the troops to Lisbon), were yesterday seen beating up Channel, by
a steam vessel ; and they are of course hourly expected at Spithead.
The Wellesley is ordered to be paid off—all standing for recom-
missioning, on her arrival at this Port, from Lisbon.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.

LLOYD'S.--(THis DAY.)

DEAL, JAN. 18.—Wind E.S.E. Fine.—Arrived the British
Tar, from Shields and Sunderland, for Jamaica. The Britannia
brig passed from the westward, apparently bound for the River.
The Netherlands brig of war Zualuso, from Curacoa fur Helvoet,
remains.

PORTSDIOUTii, JAN. 18.—Wind E.—Arrived the General
Palmer, Truscott, for Madras and Bengal ; Leonidas, Anderson,
for Malta; Marshal, Burch, Duke of Richmond, Metcalf, Eclipse,
Cummins, and Malta, for ditto. Passed by, the Zealander Dutch
man of war, for Batavia. Sailed the Christiana, Whyte, for
Jamaica ; and his Majesty's ship Arachne, from Vera Cruz.
LIVERPOOL, JAN. 17.—Wind S. to S.S.E.—His Majesty's
brigs Nimrod and Parthia, from New York, are lost at Holy-
head, crews saved. Arrived the Higginson, Banks, at Barba-
does ; Atlantic, Black, at Vera Cruz, sailed Nov. 27; the
Sophia, Wright, at St. Andrews, New Brunswick ; the Derne-
r:eurat,f
Courier,re
Leghorn;Gev e n
thea t
ActiveClrto .
and AFr Arrived the
cßroethue2br,sst,Hh
Godi
gb-
h-
son, Sicily, all traders, from St. Michal's ; the Lavinia,
from Demerara, is lost near Troone, crew saved.
FALUOUTH, JAN. 17.—Wind N. no more breezes and cloudy—
Arrived the Venus, Poland, from Ancona in 64 days, with loss
ofon bohearts,
beam
mwaernkds bulwarks, sails,twic twice,
during.&c
&c. very leaky,passaze
;spokehr
having been thrown
De-
cember, off Cape de Gort, the Flora of Poole, from Leghorn, and
intended to put into Gibraltar, having met with damage; and in
lat. 45. long. 46. the ship Broom, of Greenock, for New York,
and chip Frederick, Duke, eight days from Liverpool, for New
York. Sailed the Flushing, Kemp, for Lisbon.
PLYMOUTH, JAN. 17.—Wind E.N.E.—The outward bound
vessels that put back yesterday sailed again to-day, together with
the Ifaytian, Ifezlagin, for Port-au-Prince.
MARGATE, JAN. 18.-Landed last night an anchor and cable,
marked 7 cwt. on the shank, and with remark-ably large wood
blocks to it.

DOVER, JAN. N.N. W. and blowing.—Arrived
His 3laje6ty's packets King George, from Wm.; ; Henry IV.
and Fury, from Calais.
GaayasaNn.—Arrived the Effort, Wood, from Teneriffe ; the
John, Dale, from Honduras ; the Speculation, Hart, from Saint
Michael, Mangrove Bay, and Demerara ; the Margaret, Hall, from
ditto; the Lynx, Hiern ; the La Guayra, London packet, Mackie,
from Antwerp.

MARY's, Arnica, DEC. 14.—The Enterprise, Payne,
arrived on the 2d instant, and the Gambia on the 3d, both from
JeHev, and detained for smuggling.

ASSAULT ON MR. O'CONNELL.

The Magistrates in attendance were, Alderman Fleming and
Sir Garrett Neville.
After some preliminary matters were adjusted,
Mr. O'Connell came forward, and, after being sworn, detailed
the circumstances of the assault, as stated in our yesterday's paper.
Mr. Sheehan said Mr. O'Connell had stated, iu a speech of his!
last 'Saturday, what was false and slanderous--aye, he would say
false, for be said he was a renegade. lie never was a renegade,
nor his brother either, who owned the Evening Mail. They
were both Protestants.

Mr. O'Connell—Aye ; but although you are a Protestant, as
you say, you are not to beat U 9 poor Papists.—(Laughter.)—l
submit there ha* been an assault committed without legal provo-
cation.

Mr. Sheehan—Aye, I did it with all my heart and soul, and I
would do it again under the same circumstances.
(Here Mr. O'Connell looked down very significantly at his as-
sailant, who is not of Brobdinagian stature, although he valorously
made this threat.)
Mr. Sheehan resumed, and entered into a drienCe. of Ilk act.
Mr. O'Connell wished that Mr. Sheehan should be bound ge-
nerally to keep the peace, as well as to abide his trial.
The Magistrates din not think themselves called upon to require
general recognizances to keep the peace, and Mr. O'Connell at
length having waved the point, his informations were taken, he
being hound over to prosecute at the Sessions.—Dublin Morning
Register.

FOREIGN INTELLI GENCE.

FRENCH PAPERS.
(From the Etoile, dated Wednesday, Jan. 11.)
LIES OF TUE DAY.

" THE COURRIER FRANCAIS.—The Cabinet of Madrid has
followed the counsels of that of the Tuilleries ; the latter has given
to the Spanish Government the most formal assurance, that the
smallest aggression made by the Anglo-Portuguese troops on the
Spanish territory, would be considered as a violation of the treaties,
and that France would declare war against England. The Cabi-
nets of the great Powers have adhered to this declaration.
" THE COURRIER AGAIN.--M. de Villele experienced a check
on Saturday, in the Chamber of Deputies 4.
" THE JOURNAL DES DERATS.--Mr. Lamb has demanded im-
mediate explanations respecting the march of the Spanish troops
towards the frontiers of Portugal. It was believed that the Eng-
lish Ambassador would demand his passports.
" THE JOURNAL DES DEBATS AGAIN.—The English Govern-
ment has been officially informed by Mr. Lamb, that the Court
of France has acted the principal part in the invasion of Portugal.
" THE CONSTITUTIONNEL.—Fifty thousand men are going to
be assembled on the frontiers of Portugal. It is affirmed that the
Government of the Apostolic party has just despatched three Ex-
traordinary Couriers, one to Mont Rouge, St. Petersburgh, and
Rome.

"TEE QUOTIDIENNE.—Mr. Lamb and the Charge d'Affaires
of France have sent to King Ferdinand Gen. d'Arhaud Jonques,
who is much esteemed by his Majesty. It is said that the Ge-
neral, in acquitting himself of his mission, chiefly insisted that
the troops sent to the frontiers of Portugal should be ieduced to
4,000 men.

"THE JOURNAL Ds CO3I3IERCR. —The reasons assigned for
the abrupt departure of Prince Polignac from London, acquire
greater probability.
" France will then be reduced to exhaust its blood and its re-
sources to maintain in Spain the system of the Spanish Govern-
ment.

THE JOURNAL TIE COMMERCE AGAIN.—" M. Lamb has in-
tercepted a correspondence which proved that M. de Polignac and
M. de Moustiers obeyed the secret instructions. These docu-
ments having been transmitted to Mr. Canning, that Minister
required an explanation from the French Ambassador, who, in-
stead of giving it, set off for Paris. It is in contemplation to give
M. de Polignac either a great office at Court, or as extraordi-
nary embassy to Madrid."
say—" Two English
Sa'great number of trawl-
,lanjulandding of the troops commen-
cedp shipsor‘ocnchoot
hafuvneetth:a
Ise
trf
already
aety, h Lisbon,
several va
licore
arrived.
Ia frig aTt
htde:

" The Portuguese Government has placed garrisons in Goora-
monte, Estremos, Portalepe, and Santo Combadzo.
" General Azeredo was, on the 29th of December, at Ne/las,
and had beaten the insurgents at the bridge of Alcafache, on the
Duo (Duero ?).
" The Count de Villa Flor was at Poldatrosa, pursuing the
Marquess de Chaves, who was retreating on Celorico. The in-
surgents occupied Cea and Pinbacos."
The Swiss brigade, which was at Madrid, was to set out on the
11th, to return to France.

The Service for Louis XVI. and 11aria Antoinette will he ce-
lebrated at St. Denis on Saturday the 20th instant.
(From the Quotidienne of Wednesday, Jan. 17.)

ive
~ireLhirsalivoeNr,ec
jelzdsf.r_omTlsblieiQon the followingueeni‘iot iieret
islstterri•(..;
guarded
( Gardee ci vue) by the English ; and the Royalists of Lisbon,
closely watched by the Constitutionalists, and treated with great
rigour. The English have also a police ; and this, as you may
believe, is insupportable to all parties. On the Ist of January
several persons were arrested. The distrust of the ConstituCon-
alias and of the English is so much the greater, as they are certain
that the major part of the troops of the garrison are only waiting
for a favourable opportunity to declare in favour of the King Don
Miguel. The discontent is general, and already several Liberals,
out of hatred to the English, have joined the Royalists.
" The only partisans that England retains here are in the mid-
dling class, among the ardent Liberals, whose number is very li-
mited ; and in the higher Nobility, among those who fear the
Queen Mother. Among the latter are reckoned the Souza.. Be-
sides, there are among these Nobles, persons who affect to appear
Constitutionalists only because they have larger estates in Brazil.
There are few families in this situation.

" Every body is concerned here that M. de Palmella exerts all
his efforts at London to oppress his country ; but those members
of his family who are here, are hastening to send to England their
moat valuable effects, which proves that they do not expect a fa•
vourable result of their projects.
" The ladies of Lisbon are remarked for an implacable hatred to
the English, especially since the severity sliewn towards the Queen
Mother. In spite of the efforts of the police to conceal it, it is
known that five English have already been attacked by assassins;
two are dead, and three dangerously wounded.
" In general it is not known at Lisbon where the Royal Army
is ; but to judge by the measures of the Anglo-Portuguese police/
it cannot be very far from the capital.
tt PARIS, Jr.A 16.—We hasten to lay before our readers
further details which have been sent us from Madrid respecting
the extraordinary movement of troops which is taking place in
Spain, and on the composition and force of the army which is as-
sembling iu the provinces adjacent to Portugal.
" The regiments which have arrived on the frontier, or which
were on the march on the 6th of January to proceed thither, are
the sth of light infantry, which left Madrid on the sth ; the Ist
of the line (which
odrigo), the Ist regiment of cavalry of tins
and t'he 3d of infantry
lanhiandsea4(rwtrhihviledcighhahttains innCiudaatrrdcyhhed from Benevente), the 2d ditto (which
marched from Logrogno.)
.6 The lancers of the guard were to leave Madrid from the stb
to the 7th of Jan., to proceed to Talaveira de la Reim. The
chasseurs, on horseback, of the Guard, have already arrived in
Extremadura, coming
lancers,
cso o tdh at
regiment his brigade g
ofa de i
nfan will t
r bye
ocf o ntthpe l e teTii.
The n
from Medina-del-Campo. General Sextir
who commands this brigade of light cavalry, was to set out witb
the
Guard stationed at
Ballecas has taken the road to Talaveira tle la Reins, except one
battalion, which is going to Andalusia, probably to the camp of
St. Roch.

" The Brigade of provincial Grenadiers of the Guard is cony
mended by Major General Rodil, and that of the infantry of the
Guard by General O'Neill.
" A battery of light Artillery of the Guard had received °Edell
on the 4th to set out for Talaveira. Two companies of Field At'
tillery set out from Seville on the 24th December, for Badajos.-""
Several carriages with ammunitiou and muskets were sent ft-0
the same city to the same destination.
" In all parts of the Peninsula troops have been set in motion/
and are approaching the frontiers. The active army will for!'
a total of 33,000 infantry, and 3,000 cavalry, besides the ree
site artillery.
" The General who is to command in chief is not yet appointed,
but it is nearly certain that his Majesty's choice will fall upo9
General Sarsfield or General Espana.
o It is affirmed that the General of Engineers, Don Gasport!'
Goicotchea, will have the post of Chief of the General Staff.
The troops which are assembling at Talaveira de Is Reins
will form, it is said, a corps of reserve, the command of which
Thein Municipalityortiet tn facilitate
of
the speedy departure will be given to the Infant Don Carlos. It is certain that M. dr
Zambrano has had several conferences with that Prince.
, Madridha
has
furnished
o f the op
ae nt
ioder: b
sum{or
the frontiers. The regiments which have marched from Ntiv'
drid, and those which have passed through it--for instance, tbs'
sth of light infantry—have received their pay and their expence.
on the road.

" Letters from Valladolid, received at Madrid on 'the sth .104
,
announce that General Longs had just arrived there. Ile 04%
that the affairs of the Portuguese Royalists were in the be'
possible state, and that, before long, a result very favotrable
their cause Would he seen.
"M. D'Ofalia, having received an autograph note from
King, has determined to accept the Embassy to London, in WI
room of M. Alcudia. _ _

(From the Etoile, of Thursday, Jan. ls.)
PARIS. JAN. 17.--7 Yesterday, before Mass, hie Excellea,4
Viscount Granville, Ambass•tdor Extraordinary from his Maier',
the King of Great Britain, presented to the King, in a prifil:
audience, the letter of his Sovereign, announcing the death of I);
Royal Highness Frederick Duke of York, brother of his Britantil•
Majesty.
The French Academy, in his sitting yesterday, decided
a respectful petition should be presented to the King, accordi°4
to the proposal made in a previous sitting, by M. Lacretelle.
This proposal was carried by a majority of eighteen.
(From the Courrier Francais, Jan. 17.)
" PARIS, JAN. 16.--The Funds have continued to fall to-d4'
it was said that the news from Spain was of an unfavourable Pt
tare. What most struck the speculators was, the refusal said
have bean made by the English Legation to be present at the
diplomatic dinner given yesterday by M. de Damas.
" In general a great discouragement is observed, which rear„. •
from the uncertain course that our Cabinet follows, and the re"i
that it is excited by the intrigues of our Apostolic party—intrig°.,
which cannot fail to drag France into a war, from which toll'
merce has every thing to fear."
4. •
A strange dheck for a Minister of Finance to be exposea"
receive more money than he asked.—Note of the Etoile.