The Sun.
London, England, 1845-12-16 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, TUES'DA'Y ErENJ N

governing on false pretences. This system could
not go on for ever. The anger of the de-
ceived—the shocks given to public opinion by
the continual contradictions between the practice
of the Ministers and the principles which made them
a Ministry—must, in time, be too much for them;
lyet they could not go on without doing, and they
could not do without betraying. The potato blight
and short harvest have accelerated their fate. Sir R.
PEEL has found the limit of his power, and, by re-
signing, confessed that he can carry on his system
no longer. _ _ _

Now, then, or never, has Sir R. PEEL the oppor-
tunity of redeeming, by an open course, past
conduct, and of rallying round him the affec-
tions of the honest-hearted people of this country,
by an independent support of Lord JOHN RUSSELL in
a free-trade policy. Now or never must Sir ROBERT
PEEL abandon the tactics which have hitherto
characterised his course. He has a good opportunity
now before him. A few days will show whether he
means to use it ; for, if Lord Join; RUSSELL forms a
Government, we take it for granted that it will be
after receiving assurances from Sir ROBERT PEEL, but
for which he would put the agriculturists to Mr.
COBDEN'S reductio ad absurdum of a RICHMOND-
TYRREL- SIBTHORP Administration.

There is one point connected with the present
crisis on which we cannot but think there is a great
mistake in the public mind. We see no likelihood of
an immediate dissolution. Lord JOHN RUSSELL
would of course try what he could do with the pre-
sent Parliament ; and if he could do nothing with
them, he would be in not a whit worse posi-
tion than he is now—and could then dis-
solve ? But we hope and believe he will
not undertake the formation of a Ministry without
such explanations from his predecessor as would give
every probability of his being able to get through a
session of the present Parliament. And if Sir ROBERT
PEEL were to come back, would he dissolve ? Sir
ROBERT will "let well alone." We believe, then, there
will be no dissolution in any case at present; and this
is obviously a matter of great importance to the parties
interested in the many projected railway schemes.
The injury to innumerable private interests and to
the money market, of a further locking-up of the
large amount of capital invested in railway projects,
would necessarily be a most powerful argument with
either Lord JOHN RUSSELL or Sir ROBERT PEEL
against a dissolution.

It has long been our firm conviction that the oppo-
sition made by landlords and tenants to the repeal
of the corn-laws has arisen entirely from ignorance.
Persons who have considered this subject carefully,
and who have viewed it calmly and without preju-
dice, have never had any doubt on the point ; but,
unfortunately, the great majority of landowners have
not been among that class. They have taken only
a one• sided view of the question : they had become so
accustomed to high rents during the war, arising as
much from a change in the currency as from all other
causes together, and were so terrified by the sudden fall
which took place after the peace, and on the return
to cash payments, that very few of them ever since
have been able to hope for security from any other
means than high protective duties. For thirty 3 ears
these have been tried in every possible shape, and have
uniformly failed. At one time it was fully believed
that land could not be cultivated profitably unless
between 70s. and 80s. per quarter could be obtained
for wheat. That was found impossible. Various new

schemes were tried. The Duke of WELLINGTON tried

his hand to reform the law, which would not bear the
test of experience ; and Sir R. PEEL, in order to please
those who had placed him power, made another expe-
riment equally futile, and which he was probably
convinced at the time would break down like all its
predecessors. Protection in favour of any produc-
tion or manufacture, which amounts, like the sliding-
scale, as nearly as possible to prohibition, has been
found ruinous to industry and invention, and has
only increased the evils which its advocates wished
to avoid. Never was the fact more fully proved than
by the operation of the corn-laws. There has been a
constant fluctuation in prices, varying from 40s. to
80s. and 90s. the quarter for wheat, and when the
high prices came, the farmers and the labourers
suffered alike, and the profits vent into the pockets of
corn-factors and speculators. These facts have long

been manifest to the great body of Scotch farmers,
and we believe a general feeling prevails throughout
the whole of the North that the total abolition of the
protective system would be of the greatest benefit
both to tenants and landlords. Some years since the
Marquis of TWEEDDALE astonished the English pro-
tectionists, at a meeting held in Freemasons' Ta vern,
by asserting this doctrine in the most unequivocal lan-
guage, because he not only was convinced of its
truth from personal conviction, but from the ge-
neral sentiments of his countrymen. But we
have a still higher authority in a letter from Lord
KINNAIRD, published in another part of The Sun,
which contains in a brief space the very best refuta-
tion we have yet seen of the absurd and mischievous
doctrines maintained by the RICHMONDS, the BUCK -
INGHAM, and the TYRRELLS. It is highly honour-
able to the Scotch nobility, many of them large landed
proprietors, to find them leading the way in such a
cause, and endeavouring to convince their brethren of

the South that all their fears are imaginary,
and that they never can reckon upon security,
or obtain the rents to which they are legitimately en-
titled, till the whole scheme of the corn-laws be
erased from the statute-book. " The present un-
certainty," says his Lordship, "is the greatest
bar to the improvement of the land in England.
which improvement is capable of being carried to a
very great extent, for I am satisfied that not only
the produce but, in many instances, the rent also,
might be greatly increased ; and in this I am borne
out by the °pillion of many practical agri-
culturists, as well as by my own observa-

tion." Lord KINNAIRD is entitled to be heard
on such a question, and has a right to appeal to the
authority of his neighbours, for possibly throughout
the whole of Scotland there are not so good farmers
as in Perthihire and Forfarshire, and the neigh-
bouring districts, to which he refers. It is need-
less to refer to the other points adverted to in
this excellent letter, because it will be studied
carefully by every man interested in this vital ques-
tion. It cannot escape notice, and the arguments are
so sound and unanswerable, that we are much mis-
taken if it does not produce a most salutary effect
even in the camp of the enemy. The closing para-
graph we recommend to the attention of humane and
upright men' like the Dukes of RICHMOND and
BUCCLEUCH

" As to the labourers, the condition of this class speaks
fur itself, notwithstanding the farce carried on at the
dinners given to them by those who, by their own ad-
mission, and it is a fearful one for any man deliberately
and after mature inquiry to make, that corn could be
sold at a much cheaper rate in this country, and thus evi-
dently compelling the poor and industrious workmen,
and their own labourers among the number, to expend a
large proportion of their hard-earned gains for the fan-
cied protection of what is called the agricultural in-
terest,' besides directly interfering with that wise and
beneficent system ordained by the goodness of Provi-
dence, whereby one country is made to abound in one
commodity and another in another—all more or less ser-
viceable to the necessities and comforts of human life.
These short-sighted protectionists would render trade and
commerce a curse rather than a blessing to mankind."

London has pronounced, both by herself and by
her representatives, against the corn-laws. As a
city she has done her duty nobly, and a duty now de-
volves on each individual citizen, from the per-
formance of which there must be no shrinking. We
are within a week of St. Thomas's-day, and at the
present crisis it is absolutely requisite that the
citizens should show the stuff they are made of. Not
a single monopolist should be returned at the next
election as a Common Councilman for the City of
London. We are glad to find that ii some of the
wards this subject is put prominently forward by
several of the candidates. We extract the following.
from Mr. BENNOCK'S address to the Ward of Crip-
plegate Within :

"-As a commercial man, I would break every chain
that fetters the freedom of the commerce of nations.
With an insufficiency of corn and a disastrous disease
in the potato—the prospect of famine, trade paralysed,
and the almost certainty of a severe winter aggravating
the sufferings of the masses of the people—l would
abrogate first, and instantly, that most unrighteous of all
laws, the existing corn-law.
" The shelves of our manufacturers, merchants, and
warehousemen, are groaning under the pressure of
accumulated stock, while our brethren of America
have a superabundance of corn and flour. They
are willing to take our manufactures, if we
in will take their corn ; yet our
wise exchange will
by a monstrous cupidity, have ,

determined that they in America shall be deprived
of the means of physical warmth and comfort, and the
people of England denied the bread of life. For the
maintenance of an absurd and crotchety sliding-scale, the
inhabitants of the one country, as well as the inhabitants
of the other, are to be condemned to sickness, sufferirg,
disease, and death : therefore, I advocate unmanacled
trade."

If the electors of Cripplegate Within do their duty
they will not only return this gentleman at the head
of the poll, but they will give him for colleagues none
but men who are prepared to say " Ditto " to Mr.
BENNOCK.

The intelligence from Madrid is to the Bth inst.
but it is without interest. Monday being the teas
of the Conception, the Bourse was closed.

The Paris papers continue their remarks on the
present state of parties in England. The Ministerial
journals view the late change without apprehension,
while the Republican party, represented by the
National, rejoice in the event, as it is considered
the certain forerunner of GUIZOT'S downfal. We
give an extract to show what spirit animates
the party :—" The unforeseen return of the Whigs
has made the deepest impression at the Palace. M.
GUIZOT was twice summoned to St. Cloud yesterday,
and has even returned thither today. An extraor•
dinary courier has been forthwith dispatched to
England, and it is hoped that he has arrived in time
to prevent the appointment of that Lord PALMER..
STON, who is an enemy to our family.' Unfortu-
nately, external influences are of little weight in the
internal politics of Great Britain, and the insolent
PALMERSTON occupies among the Whigs a station im-
portant enough not to be easily driven from it.
He must, therefore, be put up with, and we advise M.
GUIZOT to submit to his return to office. He must,
besides, be tired enough, he is not well, his health re-
quires rest, and he has an excellent opportunity of
retiring. Let him, therefore, pack up his luggage,
rejoicing at having raised France to the degree of
splendour and glory in which we behold her. He
will carry away with him all our regrets; but his
destiny must be accomplished ; it was the foreigner
that created, and it is the foreigner that will
destroy him." The Epoque, supposed to be
under the guidance of M. GUIZOT, takes of
course a different view, and says :—" As regards
France, it is certainly to be regretted that the Tory
Cabinet should have quitted affairs, first on account
of the Conservative principles which are applicable
everywhere, and which exist in consequence of the
long relations which exist between that Cabinet and
the present Cabinet in France. But we believe that
it is an error to suppose that this change in the
British Cabinet will diminish the cordial relations
between the two countries. When the Tories arrived
at power, our Opposition foresaw and presaged the
most insurmountable difficulties, and it is now to be
seen upon how little foundation such predictions were
founded. It is very probable that the same Calchas
will still make use of the same oracle, but it is not
the less probable that the oracle will this time again
be false."

The accounts from Africa continue very unfavour-
able. In addition to the difficulties caused by the
operations of ABD•EL-FADER, discord has arisen in
the French camp, and if s e are to believe the corre-
spondent of the Presse, BUGEAUD and LAMORICIERE
are at open war with each other. The report is
extremely probable. We are only astonished that
BUGEAUD had been allowed to go on so long in his
mad career without exciting the opposition of the
more prudent of his generals. The following letter,
dated Algiers, Dec. 4, appears in the Presse

" Discord has invaded our camp. There is a quarrel,
and war is almost declared between Marshal Bugeaud
and some of his lieutenants ; it is the Commandant of
the province of Oran, Lieutenant-General de Lamori -
core, who is the subject of the feud. The latter has
kindled the jealousy of the Marshal by laying claim to
a large part of the military successes, the whole merit of
which Marshal Bugeaud had the presumption to claim
for himself. Some acts of resistance on General
Lamoricia:e's part, among others, the system of cle-
mency he displayed at the debilt of the present cam-
paign, and a certain passage of a report to the Minis-
ter of War, in which he praises that system in such a
way as to protest against the Dahra grotto's execu-
tion, have given the utmost displeasure to the Governor.
General. From that moment the Marshal's ill-humour
has been vented in bitter reproaches ; he no
longer spares his young rival, and he has him anathe-
matised everywhere. The Marshal's friends and con-
fidens vie in censuring the audacious rival of his glory,
whom they call an ambitious pretender, a brouil/on in
epaulets, &c. But General Lamoriciare's cause lacks
not defenders. In the army as well as among the civil
population he has won a good deal of sympathy ; his
prospects are thought well of, and it is supposed, per-
haps with some reason, that the Government secretly
encourages him to maintain himself in the position he
has assumed, were it but to keep the Marshal in due
respect, by giving him umbrage, and letting him see that
there is a successor ready to take his place. Be this as it
may, it is certain that a noyau of partisans has formed
about him. This coterie is called the Oran party,
in opposition to the Governor's coterie, which is
called the Algiers party. This accounts fm the
seemingly inexplicable attitude of the various personages
co-operating in the present western expedition. The Go-
vernor-General keeps isolated, as if to leave the chief of
the Oran party in difficulties. He seems to strive to pre-
vent any communications with him impossible, and to re-
duce them to the impossibility of acting efficiently. The
latter, on the other hand, remain l'arme au bras, and are
not sorry to testify, by their inaction, the incapacity or ill-
will of the direction they are subjected to. Thus confu-
sion prevails in all the operations, and produces the
splendid results you hare beheld since the opening of the
campaign. Discord, however, has invaded not only in the
army, but the administration likewise. At Algiers the
principal authorities are at daggers drawn. In short, we
are in a state of complete anarchy, and our Government
of Africa cannot be better compared than with the Court
of King Petaud."

Owing to the news from England, and probably
also the very unsatisfactory accounts from Algiers,
the French Funds on Sunday were greatly depressed,
and the Three-per- Cents., which closed on Saturday
at 81f. 20c., fell to 80f. 80c.; they afterwards rallied
a little, and closed at 80f. 90c.

BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, DEe. 15.
Anglo-Belgian 3 Madrid and Valencia...
Barba does
Boulogne and Amiens.. 71/2 , Namur and Liege —
Bordeaux &Mediterran North Jamaica ...
Bordeaux and Toulouse Orleans and Vierzon
Do. & Cette (Espeleta) I% , Orleans and Boideaux 10
Do. ( Mackenzie's) .. !Over Yssel •••
Callao, Lima, and Pa- Paris & Lyons (Laffitte) 21/2
chic Coast ...... ...... Ditto (Ganneron's). 3

Central of Spain
Ceylon .
Demerara
Dendre Valley
Dutch Rhenish
Dieppe & Paris Junct —
Dijon and Mulhouse
East Indian
Fampoux & Hazebrouk
Grt Northern of France
Constituted l2
Do. Pepin la Halleur —
Great Paris and Lyons 2
Great Western Bengal
Great Western Canada 3
Jam aica S. Mid. Junction
Do. North Midland —
Do. Extension
Jersey
Louvain and Jemappe l3/4
Lyons and Avignon....
Luxembourg

Ditto (Calon's)....
Ditto (Sud Est) --
Paris and Orleans...— —
Paris and Rouen 36
Paris and Strasburg
(Ganneron's)
Do. (Comps de L'Est) 1;i
Do. (AynaariPs) —
Paris and St. Quentin —
Rouen and Havre —
Royal North of Spain —
;Sambre and Mena .L —
Strasburg and Baste
Tournay,Jurbise, Lan-
den, and Hasselt ...
Tours and Nantes
(Mackenzie's) —
Do. (Lefebvre's) —
Ds. (O'Neill's) —
Trinidad —
Verona and Ancona —
West Flanders —

DREADFUL EXPLOSION OF A
STEAM-BOILER, AND PART OF A FACTORY
BLOWN UP. •

BOLTON, DEC. 15.—A little after one o'clock this
afternoon, as the hands in the cotton-mill of Messrs.
Rothwell and Kitts, situate in Black Horse-street,
Great Bolton, were about to resume work, after the
dinner hour, an explosion of one of the boilers took
place, which being situate under the building, the
consequences are most disastrous. The mill is six
stories high, and one end of it was entirely blown up
by the explosion, spreading the utmost terror
throughout the neighbourhood. When the post left,
Mr. Rothwell, nephew of the late Mrs. Rothwell, Mr.
King, the manager, and one or two others, had been
taken out dead, and a number seriously injured.
Mr. Kitts was in the engine-room when the explosion
took place, and was much scalded. Every exertion
is being made to save some who can be heard under
the ruins; and we are led to hope that the loss of
life will not be so great as might have been expected
under the circumstances.

IMPERIAL PARLIAMENT
(THIS DAY.)

HOUSE OF LORDS.

Parliament was further formally prorogued to-day, to
to Tuesday, the 30th of the present month.
Shortly after two o'clock the Lord Chancellor, the
Earl of Aberdeen, and the Earl of Haddington, took their
seats at the foot of the Throne, as Lords Commissioners,
when Mr. Pulman, the Yeoman Usher of the Black Rod,
was commanded by the Lord Chancellor to summon the
House of Commons to the bar of the House of
Lords, to hear the Commission read. After the lapse
of a few minutes, Mr. W. Ley, the Second Clerk of the
House of Commons, attended by several officers, but
not a single Member, appeared at the bar, when the
Commission having been read by the Clerk at the table,
The LORD CHANCELLOR, in her Majesty's name
and by her command, declared the present Parliament
prorogued to Tuesday, the 30th of tho present month of
December.

The Lord Chancellor, who appeared in much better
health, came to town, we understand, for the purpose
of acting as one of the Lords Commissioners. Lady
Lyndhurst was also present during the ceremony.

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.
CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.
The sales of Cotton at Liverpool yesterday were 3,000
bales, at previous rates. On Friday 10,000 bales Egyptian
are to be offered publicly.—Shares were in but little request,
and prices declined.
The proceedings at the Guildhall of the first commercial
City in the known world, which took place yesterday, have
been the subject of very general conversation in all public
and private circles, and to the Third Edition of The Sun last
evening many hundreds of private individuals, as well
as the clubs of the City, are indebted for a full report of the
speeches delivered on the occasion. It is not
our province to speak of west-end matters, but
still we cannot omit to remark, that the same facilities
were afforded to clubs, west of Temple. bar, for reading the
speeches delivered in the Guildhall on the now all important
topic of the repeal of the corn-laws.

On ;Change yesterday afternoon the City meeting was
almost the sole topic of conversation. Merchants and traders
hold the opinion that meetings such as that of yesterday must
give a doubly increased impetus to the movement, and to the
final settlement of the corn-law question. Bright prospects
are looked for in commerce and in trade, when from the
statute-book shall be expunged the odious corn-laws.
As the Halifax steamers may now be said to be full due,
our advices are daily looked for, and with increased anxiety.
American merchants here think a war on the Oregon ques •
tion very improbable.

The glorious state of the weather, time of year considered,
is expected to prove of material advantage to the potatoes,
but we regret to find that the price has again been very de-
cidedly advanced. Whether the large consumption begins
to sell upon the supply it is not in our power positively to
say, but in one respect advanced prices must check this, for
many are already restricting themselves in the enjoyment
of this nutritious article of food.

The public securities have been again rather buoyant,
and at the opening brought fully yesterday's advance, though
just now they are slightly lower. For time the bargains
have been at 921/2 3/4, and the prices now are 92% %. The
New Three-and-a-Quarter per Cents. have realised 94% to
1/2, and are now 941,E to %, and the Three per Cents. 92% %.
Bank Stock is worth 200%. On Exchequer-bills the pre-
mium is 225. to 19s.

The Foreign Bonds are steady, and in some respects firmer
than they have been for the last two or three days. Spanish
Three per Cents. have been marked 381/2. Mexican Bonds
have been at 30 to 29%, Colombian at 16%, and Peruvian
at 35. Dutch Two •and-a-Half per Cents. are worth 59% to
60, and Belgian 95%.
For Shares the inquiry is dull, but prices are firm again.

ONE CLOSING
PRICES OF BRITISH FUNDS. O'CLOCK. PRICES
sank Stock -- ....20014 2001,
3 per Cent. Reduced 92%f4 021/2
3 per Cent. Annuities, 1726 ...... 94% 111,1/21% 941
il,ongAnnuities to expire Jan.lB6o 10% 5-16 10 5-16
India Bonds, 1,0001
Ditto under 1,0001... .
Consols for Account - ... . . .... 1/24(
92%%
Exchequer Bills, 1,000/., 11,0 2O 22 19
Ditto 5001.
Ditto Small

32
921
pm. 19
pm. 19
pm. 23

oXE CLOSING
PRICES OF FOREIGN FUNDS. O'CLOCK PRICES
Brazilian Bonds
Columbian Bonds, ex Venezuela. 16% 16%
Equador Bonds
Mexican, 5 per Cent. 1837 ......
Peruvian Bonds, 6 per Cents 35 35
Spanish 5 per Cent. 1840.
Ditto. 3 per Cent
Ditto, Account — 38%
Dividends on the above payable in London.
Belgian 4% per Cent.
Dutch, 2% per Cent .
Ditto. Account...., ... ..... .
Ditto. 4 per Cent. Certificates 93% 93 93
Ditto, Account — 931

PRICES OF
PAID. BUSINESS DONE CLOSING
RAILWAY SHARES AT ONE O'CLOCK. PRICES.
Aberdeen
Aberdeen, Banff, & Elgin 2%
Armagh, Coleraine, and
Portrush l%
Aylesbury and Thame., 1%
.....
Belfast & County Down 21/2 ...
Bideford andTavistock.„ ix ... _
Birmin. and Gloucester. 100
Ditto New 17%
Birmingham and Ox-
ford Junction
Birmingham & Leicester
Direct 425....... •••
Boston, Stamfd, & 8irrn.12025.....,.. .. .. .
Bridgewater& blinehead 425.... ..
Bristol and Exeter
Brf:tiottioa,nNd 70 ..
eGwloucester 3210
...........
15-52211::,13
Bristol and Liver. June . 2%..... _ ••
Buckinghamshire
Caledonian
Ditto Extension
.. 3 •• ••••••
Cambrian & Grand June 42s .... _
tiambridge and Lincoln 1%...... 3Niii
Do. New
Cambridge and Oxford l% ...... —.
Canterbury and Dover.. 1 le, ...... _.

5
51

Central Kent 2y,,,,...
Chelmsford and Bury - • 1%
Chester and Holyhead... 15
Chester and Manchester 425.
Cheltenham and Oxford 2
... ...
Clydesdale Junction ..... 5
Cork Blackrock, and a
Passages
Cork and Waterford ... 1% 1 ............ ...
Cornwall
Coventry, Nuneaton, Bir.
and Leicester... .- ..... 14 - ...............
Dartmouth, Torbay, and
Exeter
l'erby and Crewe
Derby,orea
Great GGraiimnssbbry°.'.' .......... 1% .............. .
..
Derby, Uttoxeter, and
Stafford 2y8...... ..............
Direct Manchester
( Remington's)
...... 1 %...... .........
Ditto (Ras trick's) 5,4P
•••••• ...............
Direct Northern
Direct Norwich
Dublin and Armagh 1%...... ..............
Dublin and BelfastJunc
Dublin, Belfast, and
Coleraine
Dublin and Galway..... 4
Dudley, Madely, and
Broseley
Dundalk & Enniskillen 2% — .............
Eastern Counties 141. 165....... l9;ki 3/4 20
... 20%
Ditto New 61. 16a.
Ditto Perpetual, 5 per
Cent, No. 1. 6/. 135.4 d — ...............
Ditto ditto, No. 2... 41. 136, 4d — ...............
EastDereh'in andNor'ch 1 -
Eastern Union 25 .. ... ...
Ditto, Quarter Shares 33; - ............... -
Ditto Extension -
Do. Ipswich and Bury 4
Do. Exten'n to Norw'h 2%
Do., Camb. and Ely.. 2%
East Lincolnshire - ...............
East & West of England 1,1 •••••• ...............
Edinburgh and Glasgow 50 •••••• ...............
Ditto, Quarter Shares 121/1, •••••• ••••••••••..•..
Ditto, New ... 7% — ••• ...........
Edinburgh & Northern.. 1-4 — ••• ......... •••
Edinburgh and Perth... 1%•••••• 234 ...... .. ....
Ely and Huntingdon ... 5
Enniskillen and Sligo ... 2% — ...............
Essex and Suffolk .. ... 1% — •.•............
Exeter, Dorchester, and
Weymouth
Exeter,Yeovil,& Dorset 23/4
Glouc.,Aberystwith,and
Central of Wales 1,6•••••• •••
Goole and Doncaster .. 425•
Grand Junction ...100 ......
Ditto Half Shares 5O ••••••
Ditto Quarters 25
••
Grand Union ll, . •• • .." ........
Great Eastern &Western 2g...... - ......... ••• ••
GreatGrimsby and She-
ffield
&sworn

-
431

2

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