The Sun.
London, England, 1829-11-10 00:00:00

of conscience :

" PARIS, NOV. 7.

" It was stated in the Quotidienne of yesterday,
as a rumour at the Tuilleries, that Don Miguel had

been recognised by France as King of Portugal. It
must have been observed that the Quotidienne has
always been favourable to the pretensions of Don
Miguel, and on this occasion it adds, Our presen-
" timents did not deceive us; we know that the
" ' example of the recognition of the King of Por-
" tugal by the Pope would be followed by all the
g" Sovereigns of Europe. His Majesty, it is added,
" ' is about to marry a sister of the August mother
" ' of the Due de Bordeaux.' The evening official
Journal, the Gazette, reports the article in the Quoti-
dienne as an error of its demi-official contemporary,
and adds, that the Pope has not recognized Don
" ' Miguel. The Papal Nuncio was authorised to
" ' establish diplomatic relations with the Court of
" Lisbon, as 80011 as another Power should have
" recognized Don Miguel as King. This was
" done by the Nuncie immediately after the
" Spanish Minister had delivered his credentials.'
" It is perfectly understood that the French Court
is at present divided into two distinct parties;
the one having been the means of creating the pre-
sent Ministry, it continues to support it; while the
other does not conceal its dissatisfaction, and hav-
ing openly declared against it, is loud in its expres-
sions of discontent. The leaders of the first party
tire the Cardinal de Latil, who has raised himself
from an obscure situation to the Archbishopric of
'Rheims,' and the dignity of a Cardinal. As a pre-
late he is said to lie proud and haughty in his de-
meanour, with but a moderate share of talent ; his
character being formed on the model of those priests
who figured in the French annals in the fifteenth
and sixteenth centuries. The other leader of this
section of the Court is the Duc de Damas, the Go-
vernor of the Duc de Bordeaux, whose character is
distinguished for honour and loyalty, but whose
intellect is even more narrow and limited than that
of the Cardinal, being one of those men who are
easily made the tools of an abler intriguer, and who
devote themselves to the purposes of religious
ambition, when it presents itself with all those
splendid attractions with which the Catholic Faith
is surrounded. It was at the house of the Duc de
Damas that all the conferences were held which pre-
ceded the formation of the present Ministry ; it was
from his saloon that the great impulse was given,
and it is still there that deliberations are held as to
the means of supporting M. de la Bourdonnaye in
his place in the Cabinet, on whom it cannot be con-
cealed that the hopes of the new Ministry are
placed. The other party at Court have for their
leaders the Dukes de Fitzjames and de Guiche, and
M. de Alaielle, who are all men of known talent and
experience, and having passed the ordeal of a long
revolution, are probably not disposed to expose
thetnselves and their fortunes in support of a Minis-
try which cannot be of long duration. The repeated
rumours of changes in the Cabinet are, no doubt,
industriously circulated with the view of weakening
their influence,and if there wereevenless ground than
there is for believing their footing insecure, there

cmbe no doubt, that such rumours would always
have a tendency to detach that feeble and irresolute
class olsociety, which is found in every country
and is uniformly ranged on the side of strength and
stability. The Ministerial party, however, would
have us believe that there is no chance of a change,
and they say, that, as in England we have pro-
verbially one year of Whigs and ten of Tories, so in
France they will have a similar proportion in the
durability of their Royalist to that of their Liberal
Administration.

" La Victorieusc sloop of war lately arrived from
Navarin, announces that Admiral de Rigny will
shortly return to France, on board his flag ship Le
Conquerant.
. _ . .

" Disastrous intelligence is daily expected from
the Mediterranean, in consequence of accounts which
have arrived from Barcelona of a tremendous tempest
which had visited that city, and done immense
damage."

In another part of our paper will be found a
detailed Report made to the King of FRANCE,
by the KEEPER Of the SEALS, on the State of
the Criminal and Civil Jurisprudence of that
country, for the last year. The number of the ac-
cused amounts to 7,396, of whom 5,970 are
men, making the number of the women about
19 per cent.; whereas in former years they
amounted to only 18 per cent. ,The number of
unmarried persons is in tire proportion of 59
per cent., and those belonging to the depart-
ment in which thei were condemned are at the
rate of 72 per cent. Of the 7,396 who were
prosecuted, 2,845 have been acquitted ; while
4,551 have been condemned,—viz. 114 to
death, 268 to labour for life, 1,112 to labour
for a limited period, 1,223 to imprisonment, 11
to the pillory, 1 to banishment, 1,739 to cor-
poral punishment, and 53, who were under 16
years of age, to detention and superintendence
for limited periods. Of 114 capital condemna-
tions 75 were executed, and one committed sui-
cide in prison ; the others had their sen-
tences variously commuted by the Royal
clemency. For offences against the press,
162 persons were implicated in 116 pro-
ceedings, of whom 72 were acquitted, and 90
condemned ; 28 to fines, and 62 to fine and im-
prisonment. The number of the accused who
had relapsed into crime after former convictions
is 1,182, of whom 1,009 were men, and 173
women ; in 1826 there were only 756, and in

1827, 893. But it is to be observed, that the
increase is almost entirely in those who had suf-
fered corporal punishment; while in those con-
demned to hard labour, there is an actual dimi-
nution from 179 to 152 ; and in cases of sim-
ple imprisonment there is no material change.
Theft is the crime most generally committed by
those who have been liberated after condemna-

tion. Of 1,182 who had sustained a second
conviction for theft, 967 had been condemned

in the previous year; but in offences against the
person, the number of second convictions is only
twelve per cent., although in former years they
amounted to 21 per cent. Involuntary homi-
cides, arising from the improper driving of car-
riages, amount to 291 ; in these 348 persons
were implicated, 93 being acquitted, and 255
condemned ; 127 of the accidents and 158 of
the parties belong to the department of the
Seine. In the last year the number of acciden-
tal deaths was 4,855 ; the number of suicides,
1744 ; and of duels, 86 ; 29 of which were at-
tended with fatal consequences.

Our Paris Correspondent this day resumes his
observations upon the Commerce of France, and
the very laudable desire manifested by our neigh-
bours to make Paris a seaport—or rather to give
it all the commercial advantages which its insular
position will permit.

" PARIS, NOV. 8.

" In one or two of my former letters I alluded to
the anxiety which exists on this side of France, to
make Paris a great commercial depot, and to give
it, as far as possible, the advantages of a seaport by
improvin its water communications with the coast.

I took a view also of the external commerce of
France, and exhibited in a short abstract a compara-
tive statement of the exports in the year preceding
the Revolution and in 1827. I may now add, that
in 1787 France consumed 27,000,000 of kilo-
grammes of sugar, each kilogramme being equal to
about two English pounds and a quarter, and in the
same year re-exported 42,000,000 of kilogrammes.
In 1827 she consumed 60,000,000, and re-exported
nothing. In coffee, cotton, and other articles of
West India produce the differences are equally re-
markable, and it may in general be said, that the
amount of the consumpts of 1827 are equal to the
aggregate of the consumpts and re-exportations of
1787 ; so that the deficiency created by the loss of
the external trade has in a great measure been re-
paired by the increase of their domestic wants. I
may also observe, that although the peace has not
restored its foreign trade to France, it has fully
doubled its coasting trade, as appears from the ab-
stract in my former letter. It thus appears that the
ordinary course of commerce in France is materially
different now to what it was forty years ago. For-
merly it was chiefly concerned with the affairs of
' nations who at present supply themselves, while
now its efforts are exclusively directed to supply the
wants of home consumption. It is contended,
by the advocates for the improvement of the port
of Paris, the construction of wet-docks, and the
enlargement of the navigation, that in the natural
order of things each great seaport should supply
the wants of the basin to which it naturally belongs
At the period of the peace the inhabitants of the
basin of the Seine were more generally engaged in
manufactures than in any other district of France,
while at the same time they were more than others
deprived of their former mercantile connections.
Until more direct means were established their sup-
plies of colonial produce and foreign merchandize
were consequently drawn from the ports of other
districts; and it is to these new establishments, and
to the improvements which have already taken place
in the means of communication, that the port of
Havre owes its present prosperity, and, I might
almost say, its existense.

" When the port• of i'Lance were opened by the

peace, Bordeaux, Nantes, and Marseilles expected to
see their Pittner prosperity restored, and for sever►l
years theymaintained their supremacy, continuing
in a great measure to supply the wants of Paris,
and the district of the Seine. But this was a state

of things which could not long continue; the
competition of Havre ►vas soon,declared, and in
a short time became too strong to be successfully
resisted. A struggle, ho►vever, ►ras attempted
but as soon as its issue was perceived
a number of mercantile establishments at Nante
and Bordeaux formed connections at Havre, ►where
several of them ►sere after►vards concentrated on

heir finding it their interest to suppress their.origi-

nal establishments. Havre in fact presents much
of the appearance of some of the new towns or new
states of North America, where the constantly in-
creasing population is not indigenous, but is the ac_
cumulated tribute of the whole federation. The
rapidity of its increase was scarcely expected by
those who had not reflected on the changes which

had taken place in the industry of the different dis-
tricts of France, with reference to each other,
although it is certain that those changes had made
the improvement inevitable. It is natural that the
merchants of Nantes, Bordeaux, and Marseilles
should be disappointed at the result, and when they
see the market for sugar established at Park, for
cotton at Quentin and in Al-ace, and coffee trans-
mitted through Germany in place of the former
channels, as they hoped, when they awakened at
the peace, full of the recollections of their former
prosperity, it is not surprising that they should
ascribe the change to the accumulation of wealth in
the capital, to luxury, stock-jobbing, and popula-
tion, or, in fact, to any other cause but the true and
obvious one, that foreign products, where trade is
unrestricted, find their nearest and cheapest road to
the consumer. The clearing of the other ports of
France is not fairly imputable to the influence of
Paris, but rather to the general freedom of trade,
and the rapid increase of Havre is to be ascribed to
this cause also in some degree, but in a great measure
likewise to the general increase in the wealth and
population of the district, including the towns of
Rouen, St. Quentin, Lille, Troys, Mulhouse, Metz,
and Strasbourg. The losses sustained by Bor-
deaux, Nantes, and Marseilles, consist, in a great
measure, in their re-exportations, and in the carrying
trade, in which they formerly participated. As the
ports of France provide at present only for the wants
of home consumption, the old seaports have suffered
by improvements in internal communications, the
objects of which are to abridge the time and the dis-
tance of transport, which, in fact, is the great
problem incessantly pursued by all mercantile nations.

THE FUNDS.-(THIS DAY.)

CITY. TrvELrE o' CLocr.

The Washington Telegraph, received yesterday, says,
in relation to France, instructions have been given to our
Minister to leave no effort unemployed by which redress
may be obtained for the spoliatiens in our commerce, and
in relation to England • the President is earnestly desirous
and has sincerely undertaken to arrange the difficulties be-
tween that Government and ours, as may be mutually
agreeable and advantageous, and lay a foundation of lasting
concord between them.