The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-12 00:00:00

4.
,i

placed him above suspicion of wrong doing. On the
other hand, the story told 'by the complainantleas
consistent in all its parts, and corroborated by the
production of the rest of the new sovereigns. She
had acted, too, throughout, like a person who was
' positive as to the fact that both her sovereigns were
new and of the present reign, and that the sovereign
of George IV. was not one of the two she had pre-
sented. She immediately said she would seek re.
dress when her husband came home, and then she
sought relief from the Magistrate. In the absence of
more positive evidence, however, he was unwilling to
give a more decided opinion, but he trusted that in
future the money taken at the window would be
tested in the view of the public, and so prevent such
mistakes for the future.—The case was then dismissed.
Edith Rouse, the female servant who was charged
by her master and mistress with stealing three
diamond rings, was discharged.
BOW-STREET.
William Jfoncas was charged with stealing a watch
value 205., from Edward O'Rooke.
The complainant, about fifteen years of age, stated
that he first knew the prisoner about a month ago; he
represented himself to witness as a watchmaker, and
prevailed on him to let him have his watch to clean.
IFitness gave him the watch for that purpose, and he
had not seen it since, except once when he evaded him.
Yesterday he met him at a public-house in Soho,
when he gave him into custody.
The prisoner said he had given the watch to his
brother to be cleaned.

Mr. TwrroaD said he could not commit. the pri-
soner for stealing the watch, but he could commit
him for unlawfully disposing of it; he, therefore
ordered him to pay 40s. for the misdemeanor, and
20s. the value of the watch, or in default go to prison
for six weeki.—The prisoner was removed in custody.
James Samuel Brown, who was remanded from
yesterday, for the attendance of the Postmaster of
Caine, in order to complete the last two cases of
forgery of Post-office orders against him, was this day'
again placed at the bar before Mr. Twyford ; and the
postmaster having given evidence similar to that'
given by the other postmasters, as already detailed
in our reports, the prisoner was fully committed to
take his trial at the next Old Bailey Sessions, on four
distinct charges of forgery.
QUEEN-SQUARE.
A tall, athletic-looking man, who stated his name
to be Joseph Watson, was placed at the bar, on the
charge of burglariously entering the house of Mr.
Thomas Beck 'Walters, of No. 17, Victoria-road,
Pimlico, and stealing therefrom a quantity of shawls.
From the joint evidence of William Ham and
police-constable 27 B, it appeared that the prisoner
broke through a skylight at the back of the prose- •
cutor's premises at five o'clock this morning, and
haying stolen the articles named, was about making
his escape by the same way, when his foot slipped,
and he fell to the ground, making such a noise as to
awaken some of the clerks. An alarm was theft
given, and the policeman, after a sharp chase, suc-
ceedea in taking him into custody, after he threw the
shawls into an area. When searched at the station-
house, a large stick, with an iron hook and spike at
the top, which was capable of 'being used as a most
deadly weapon, and a knife, were found upon him.
The prisoner, who refused to say anything at pre-
sent, was fully committed on the charge of burglary,
and the witnesses bound over to prosecute.

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.
je:RAND EVENING FETES, THIS DAY, and I'HURSDAY
NEXT, with the fo lowing matchless combination of uniq e attrac-
tions :
The celebrated MENAGERIE, recently enriched by several Zoo-
logical rarities.
The stupendous TYPO R A M IC MODEL ALFRESCO of ROME
trona the left bank of the Tiber.
thePROMENADES .11 uSICALE,3 by the unrivalled Bind of
Wind Instruments, eoneucted by Mr. Godfrey including Overture
and Marche Trioinphale—Quadrilies, " Le Voleur," and " Prince
of Wales' "- Pot Pourris Jocko," " Fra Diavolo," " Melange de
Daisses," and " Em Strauss von Handel" —A new selectioq from
the works of ilandel—Grand Due " Dove Vai " from " Guillaume
Tell" preformed y Handley and Prospere—Glee Mynheer van
Dunes "—Spanish Dance—And Grand Papal State March.
After the Concert the Illumination of St. Peter's, and the Giran-
dot/ of Saint Angelo, with Southby's magoiticent Pyrotechnic Spec-
Extrsorrimary Aquatic Fireworks n the Lake, and Superb
cascade of Fire.
Admission to the whole of the Entertainments, One Shilling.
Open at Ten in the Morning.--Feeding at Five.—Concert at Half-
past Five.—Fireworks at Eight,
.10.noRaow, bu ides all the above unique Entertainments, a
superb FLOWER SHOW and magnificent Fireworks ! -Open at

facturing industry has many advantages besides
those of employing an increasing population, and
adding to the value of their estates. We refer I
to the subject again on this account, and should
be happy if we had any information of value on
this important subject to lay before our readers.
In fact, manufacturing industry, as it continu-
ally evolves new trades, is an ever new subject,
and neither its advantages nor disadvantages are
accurately known. It has been treated, too,
when examined and discussed, in the spirit of
partizanship. Factory Committees and Truck
Committees have looked only at one narrow
point, and the whole has been condemned on
very partial evidence. Dr. ÜBE and Dr. TAYLOR,
though his notes form an instructive and valuable
book, we regret to say have both exhibited a
partizan spirit, and make us suspect that they
have a purpose in view beyond establishing the
truth. All parties, as far as we are aware, have
failed to separate what is essential from what is
accidental to manufacturing industry, which has
there been made to bear the blame which pro-
perly belongs to a totally different system.
For example, it is well known that manufac-
turing industry m Switzerland is attended with
none of the disadvantages.which accompany it
in England. The reason of the difference is to
be found, we believe, in the prior condition of the
people, the different distribution of property
which prevails in the two countries, and the
legislation on food, which is a subject only indi-
rectly connected with manufacturing industry.
We shall advert at present only to the prior con-
dition of the people.
Our manufacturing districts are filled with
Irish, and the •descendants of Irish, and the
wretched prior condition of these people who itn-
ported their habits and manners into Liverpool
and Manchester, is the main cause of the
wretched condition of the manufacturing popu-
lation. Their competition with other labourers
necessarily tended to degrade all to their standard.
Nor was the prior condition of the agricultural
labourers of England much better. It is re-
corded, said Sir J. GRAHAM on June 17, "that in
the workhouses in Bedfordshire there were fifty
or sixty able-bodied men in close confinement,
desiring labour but obtaining none ; and even in
Sussex, what was the state of the labouring
classes there ? Why, that they were working in
gravel-pits, dragging their trucks like beasts of
burden." Some of these men,:aceustoined to live in
workhouses, and drag trucks like beasts of burden,
migrated, as is well known, to the manufacturing
districts, and carried their habits with them.
They improved there, as Sir JAMES GRAHAM
also stated :

It was at a very considerable time after that the
migration which has been spoken of took plty.,.e. He said
it was at a period of unexampled prosperity in the manu-
facturing districts. 1)r. Kay had himself an opportunity
of observing in the manufacturing districts the improved
condition of these people. For a time they worked well,
they shared the prosperity of the district, they were faith-
ful, and their condition was changed to this state from a
state of oppression under which they had suffered in the
agricultural districts, where the system of roundsrnen pre-
vailed, where they worked, not according to their own
wishes, but were reduced to take what they could get.
They changed their former unhappy condition for several
years of prosperity while the season of manufacturing
prosperity continued ; they had their cottages, and
ample wages ; they subsisted in comfort; and it was not
until the unhappy revulsion which occurred in those
districts, that they were reduced once again to reap the
fruits of comparative misery.

Our manufacturing industry, then, or factory
system, found men " suffering under oppression
in the agricultural districts of both England and
Ireland, obliged to take what they could get, and
glad to take the much better wages, though still
low, which.were offered them in the manufac-
turing districts." Now, when the factory owners
could obtain the services of the landlords' slaves
for very little more than the landlords gave them,
why should they give a greater sum ? The com-
petition of the labourers to get the good work
and wages they offered, would not allow
them to give more, and thus it was
the prior condition of the- agricultural labourers
in England and Ireland, which determined, in a
great measure, the wages in the manufacturing
districts, and gave into the hands of the factory
owners a mass of helpless labourers entirely
dependent on their will. They have not treated
them, probably; any better than the landlords,
Thus the degradation of the masses in the manu-
facturing districts is not the consequence of
the species of industry there practised, but of the
previcins'ConditiOn'of those who lived in a state
of oppression in the agricultural districts.
Remembering what. the Irish are at home,
and remembering, too, what the English agricul-
tural labourers are, we apprehend that there
must be something morally wholesome in
manufacturing 'industry, after all the revulsions
inflicted on it by legislation, to have saved these
people from destruction, and even to have ele-
vated them and improved their condition. It is
proved, beyond a doubt, that the manufacturing
population, recruited, as it has been, from
the English and Irish peasantry, is now far
above the level of either.

We have said enough, we believe, to show,
which is all we aim at, that the subject of ma-
nufacturing industry requires a much more ex-
tensive investigation than it has yet received, to
enable the public to form a correct opinion of
that peculiar, and, we think, most suspicious, part
of our social condition.

By the Bland, which left the Cape of Good
Hope on the 30th of June, and arrived at
Liverpool on Friday, the lbllowing intelligence
has reached us:—

"On Saturday evening, the 27th of June, an
anonymous dispatch was received in Cape Town
from Port Natal, via Graham's Town, stating
that Captain Smrrx's party had been it off to
a man, and that the Boers had taken possession
of the two schooners then lying in the Bay with
stores, &c., viz.—the Mazeppa and Louisa, and
some fears were apprehended for the Couch,
then on her way with a small number of troops
from Port Elizabeth.

" Her MAJESTY'S ship Isis sailed from Simon's
Bay the 28th June for Port Natal, and report
said • that the Fly and Bramble Were to follow
immediately.

" A person who was supercargo of a Dutch
schooner in Natal, some time ago, suPposed to
have been instigating the Boers to rebellion, is
now in prison in Cape Town."
It will be seen that this unpleasant intelligence
rests on no official or even sufficient authority.
At the same time the circumstances in which
Captain SMITH'S party was placed render it, we
regret to say, only too probable.

We learn from the Derby Reporter, that a
deputation frem six hundred of the municipal
electors had an interview with the Mayor and
Magistrates of that borough on Wednesday, rela-
tive to the suppression of Mr. VINCENT'S lecture
in the theatre, and arc happy to state that the
proceedings which took place at the meeting are
highly creditable to both parties. The electors, who,
front SOlll9 cause or another, were prevented front
assembling in the theatre, naturally supposed
that the police would not have pulled down the
expelled them from the theatre,
and committed some other acts of rather a
strong character, without the sanction of
the civic authorities ; and with becoming
spirit, therefore, resolved to ascertain from the
Magistrates themselves the real merits of the
case. The interview was willingly granted, and
an ample explanation given by Mr. D. Fox, fur
the rest of the body. This explanation a reve-
rend gentleman,. who spoke for the deputation,
considered satisfactory, and, before taking leave,
interview,
roirde,(aodndlyretsositniglatnikte Mayor), I
you, and the Magistrates
have now,
ge-
nerally,there-
fore,
for your cordial acquiescence in our
wish for this
and for the liberal and
courteous manner in which we have been re-
ceived." Now, without any wish to blame
any party, we think the misunderstanding
might have been avoided altogether, had not the
individual Magistrate alluded to in the address
at the very outset retnsed to hear any explana-
tion whatever. He could have stated then what
was-fully brought out at the interview, that the
handbills had been pulled down without their
knowledge; that they had no wish to interfere
with hiwitrl-Ohcr regtthuate exercise of the