The Sun.
London, England, 1845-11-21 00:00:00

i'qtrtning _7k-iltlt

LONDON, FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 21, 1845.

The wretched condition of from three millions to four mil-
lions of men, women, and children in Ireland, so disgraceful
to a Christian community, has often been described by casual
visitors to that country, or by professed book-makers; it has,
t eourse, made an impression on readers for a time, and ex-
cited wonder that so many human beings should exist under
the most eivilised Government of the world, and in a country
overflowing with wealth, and furnishing employment to
countless labourers by the most gigantic and daring schemes.
In England, but a few miles distant, labour finds a sufficient
demand, trade is in the most flourishing condition, the poor ge-
nerally can obtain work and bread enough to stop the cravings
of their children, and even the very farm labourer, amidst his
extreme poverty, is comfortably lodged, and can eke out his
existence with decent endurance on an income of 10s. a week.
The condition of the lower classes in Scotland, with the ex-
ception, perhaps, of some remote districts in the Highlands,
is still more favourable. Recourse is rarely and reluctantly
had tag parish relief; almost every one of the poorest class has
a decent suit, in which he can attend churches and fairs
without feeling shame in the presence of others in better
circumstances. But in Ireland there is only one uni-
versal scene of misery; families half starved, the father and
the mother half naked, and the children in many instances
with only a tattr to cover their nakedness, but utterly use-
eels either for protecting them from cold, or providing the
warmth necessary Apr their comfort and very existence. The
whole family, huddled together with the pig, or the cow, or
some domestic animal which their scanty means can
purchase, they appear to every observer but themselves in
the lowest stage of misery, and far inferior in condition to
the merest savages. But what renders the evil more in-
tolerable, there is no prospect whatever of improvement.
eicovnrnrnent can do little, and those who are bound in a
moral and religious point of view to mitigate such a
horrible state of suffering, the landlords and priests,
appear to do still less. We hear of the starved
cotter driven from his wretched abode by the middleman or
hie employer, or all his little stock seized for psyment of
mot; and we hear a great deal more about the piety of the
People, their reverence for their priests, and the sincere devo-
tion they display when in the most ungenial weather they
kneel before the crucifix, or at the observances of religious
rites in front of their district chapels, too small for the super-
abundant population; but we rarely or never hear of these
parties laying their heads together to improve the moral and
physical condition of the people, to teach them agriculture or
economy, or any arts by which civilised man is distinguished
from thp barbarian. Latterly another awful symptom
of their ilegtadation has manifested itself in many districts.
,The wretched beings, as if weary of HS,
have reiorted to as-
sassination—the assassination of the very men who should be
their natural -protectors. The crime is on the increase, and
how it is
,to `b(.: put down ne human being can tell. Mr.
ormescete seams to look to the constabulary force for pro-
tection, and blames the Government, who have such power -
fa' means in their bands, for not punishing the assassins
But in such a ease it is well known that the most powerful
.Gcrvernmeut cannot do much without the aid of the more
respectable residents. These criminals appear to be bound
together by secret oaths, or, at all events, by a spirit of clan_
ship, which prevents every trace of proof; even the more
honourable among them, who are shocked at such atrocities,
and might bo inclined to give evidence, are deterred by a
sense of self-preservation, for they reckon with certainty, and
they have but too good reason, that they would meet the
fate of the victim whose death they were anxious to avenge.
For this deplorable state of society we can see no hope of re-
medy at all so likely to effect a change as more activity and
watchfulness on the part of the Catholic clergy. The arm of
the raw is utterly powerless; the fear of priestly indignation
and punishment never was more prevalent among any people,
and the least thing the clergy can do is to make an experi-
ment and use their religious power in the cause of humanity and
good order, and for the sake of the people themselves. We
are firmly convinced that the will is not wanting on the part

of the priesthood, but only the means of carrying it into
effect. Let them combine together for the purpose ; they
have every means of intelligence, and the terror of their ven-
geance would do more in one year than all the constabulary
and all the military force of England. They are bound to
make the experiment for their own sakes. From all we can
learn, a more virtuous clergy does not exist than the Catholic
clergy of Ireland, and they would be the very last per-
sons in the world to wink at assassination; but they
ought to remember that stigmas are not easily wiped out,
and that many Protestants still believe that the policy of the
Court of Rome remains the same, and that assassination, or
any other atrocious means of destroying an enemy, is still sanc-
tioned, provided such crimes can advance the interests of the
Catholic Church. That such a policy at one time was in full
vigour, and met the hearty support of the unprincipled men
that occasionally filled the Pontifical chair, there can
be no manner of doubt. Proofs are so numerous
and palpable, that it is needless to cite one in-
stance. But let the Catholic priests remember, that though
the policy is changed, prejudices have not changed with it,
and that it becomes them in a crisis like this to show to the
world that they make use of their vast influence in the cause of
morality, and, above all, in saving their native land from utter
ruin. If a speedy end is not put to this system of assassina-
tion Ireland must decline every day in power and influence,
and reviving prosperity be banished from. the country. No a
capitalist will lend his money to such people ; no artisans
will teach them ; for Englishmen, brave and daring as they
are, will flee before assassins, and Ireland must be left to the
iron rule of the military power. As for repeal, if it were
accomplished to-morrow, it would only add to the evil. It
would drive capital entirely from the country ; it would not
restore order; England would be constantly harassed by
her nearest neighbour, and nothing but a second conquest
I could make her secure.

The following letter was addressed by the Secretary of
the Bombay Chamber of Commerce to Lieut. WAGILORN,
R.N., on consigning to him the dispatches from India, which
he brought overland, via Trieste :

"No. 88, of 1845.
" TO LIEUT. WAGHORN, R.N., ALEXANDRIA.
" Sir,—l am directed by the Committee of the Chamber
of Commerce to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of
the Ist August, proposing an experimental dispatch of letters
from India, with the view of enabling you to test, practi-
cally, the supposed superiority of the Trieste over the Mar-
seilles overland route. They desire me to intimate that they
have availed themselves of your obliging offer, and have dis-
patched, by the mail steamer of to-day, through your local
agents, Messrs. Spong and Turner, a tin box of letters,
weighing about 51bs., which will be delivered to you here-
with at Alexandria. In returning you their thanks for the
valuable opportunity thus afforded them, I am directed by
the Committee also thus to express their very high sense of
the zeal and energy displayed by you, on all occasions, in
facilitating and improving overland communication. You
have their most cordial wishes for the success of your pre-
sent undertaking. I have the honour to be, Sir, your most
obedient servant,

" T. G. H. SCOTT, Secretary C. C.

" Bombay Chamber of Commerce, Oct. 1, 1845."
It is satisfactory to know that the wishes of the Commit-
tee have not been disappointed. Lieut. WAGHORN, notwith-
standing the obstacles which have necessarily opposed his
progress over a new line of country, unused to the
" push along, keep moving " practice, managed to
beat the express by the old route, and the thanks
of the country are due to him therefore. Not only
has he rendered us independent of the French Post-office,
which has played tricks heretofore, which neither
gods nor men could tolerate, but he has opened to
us a new and nearer route, which would, in the event
of a war with France (the greatest curse that could
happen to the cams& of progress and civilization, and
which may GOD in his mercy forefend), or in the event
of any unforseen occurrences in that country, preserve to us
a speedy and safe communication with India. We hope that
the route via Marseilles will be maintained, and that the route
via Trieste will be permanently opened, as it is better to have
two strings to our bow. But for both these communications
we are to be indebted to Lieutenant WAGHORN, and, there-
fore, let all those who are interested in India or its inhabitants
show their gratitude by subscribing liberally to the testimo-
nial to be presented to the man who has brought the re-
motest parts of India within two months of England.

Madrid journals of the 13th inst. have been received. It
appears from some of them that General MAZZAREDO, Cap-
tain-General of Madrid, had resigned, and that both he and
General CORDOVA had given up their important offices on
account of the offensive conduct of NAivAEz. The Eco del
Comercio says, that at Saragossa not less than forty officers
had been dismissed in one day. We infer from these move-
ments, as well as from symptoms of mutiny in some of the
regiments, that NAUVAEZ is beginning to lose his hold of
the army, and that he is making every effort to recruit it
with men suited to his views. The accounts from Catalonia,
and especially the city of Barcelona, are rather alarming.
What with the conscription, the new income-tax, and the
wavering dispositions of the soldiers, and the reported at-
tempts of General Plum, affairs in that quarter begin to
wear a serious aspect.
On the 13th the Three per Cents. closed at 37i, at 60 days;
the Five per Cents., 24 at 60 days; and the Coupons, at
26i, at 60 day&

Several of the Paris journals contain comments on the cir-
cular issued by the Minister of Commerce and Agriculture,
to the prefects of departments relative to the quantity of
corn in the country. All the important parts of that docu-
ment appeared in The Sun of yesterday, and the remarks in
the journals furnish no additional facts. The National, how-
ever, wijl not believe what the Minister asserts, that alarm
prevails, and calls upon the Government to adopt measures
for preventing the exportation of provisions. With the ex-
ception of this discontented organ of the Republican party, we
find no other journal containing any article of the slightest
interest to Englishmen. In that paper, however,
•there is one relating to the entente cordial., which we give
a curiosity. We believe most of our readers will pr,reeive
that it contains twice as many falsehoods as truths, and it is
therefore needless to point them out. The writer takes for
his text the late dispatch of Lord ABERDETiN to Sir Enstexn
LYOXS, ironically points to that as a -proof of the entente cor-
diale, and then strings together ni'Amerous illustrations of his
doctrine. "The whole systere," says he, "of our foreign
policy, as is well known, is involved in a single principle, the
entente cordiale with England. This is the pivot e affairs,
the axis on which rolls all our diplomacy. It must be clung
to as to a buckler, with which we are defended against abso-
lutist Europe,. This has been repeated a hundred times.
What, therefore, Is the meaning of the ill-humour eof th
Daata Why has it been so imprudent •is to
svoid the conduct of Lord ABERDEEN in his rela-
tions with Greece? The British Cabinet throws every
kind of obstacle in the way of the CoLETri Ministry, and de-
mands in sharp terms that the Greek Budget shall apply its
surplus to the payment of its debt. England is not a cre-
ditor little sueeptible about events. It would be better if she
left the Greek Government time to liquidate its arrears, and to
extricate itself, by means of a good administration, from the
embarrassments which the past has created. It is thus that
France wishes to act, but it is precisely for that reason that
England pursues other designs. It is, therefore, the first time
that the entente cordiale has been manifested under these ap-
pearances? Since the last revolution in Greece, have the
struggles between the diplomacy of the two nations been a
secret for any one? Is there anything in the world so cor-
dial as the antipathy of MM. LYONS and PISCATORY ? Is there
any one ignorant of the manner in which our Ambassador has
been treated in the House of Commons, without Sir R. PxEL
making any remark to the contrary? But Greece is only one
point, and opposition has shown itself there alone; it might
be said that the entente cordiale does not suffer from it, and
that the most attached lovers are sometimes liable to little
disputes. Look through the whole East, and show a single
point where the two Powers are found to agree. Is it in the
Libanus? We protect the Maronites, of whom the Druses
are the mortal enemies, and the Druses are under the pa-
tronage of England. Is it at Constantinople ? The
struggle between M. DE BOURQUENEY and Sir S. CANNING
has been more than once as notorious as it is between
Mr. LYONS and M. PISCATORY. Is it in Egypt ? We
have done everything to thwart the projects of the
English in that country, and their rancour does not take
the trouble of concealing itself. Where then is that
cordiality of the two Governments ? The East is for them
a theatre of discord. It is perhaps the West which beholds
them embracing each other. Do we not, in fact, agree on
the principal questions of western policy ? It is evident that
in Spain, for instance, France and England act together. A
great subject of discussion exists in that country—the
QUEEN'S marriage ; the entente cordiale presents a single
competitor for her hand. The same union is evidenced in
our material interests. We only aim in the Peninsula at
carrying into effect the commercial treaty so long solicited by
England. We have both the same means of influencing
NARVAEZ and CHRISTINA, and the same sentiments ! As to
Belgium, which at present is endeavouring to extend her
exchanges of goods, it is very evident that if Franco
desires a customs' union with that country, England shares
that wish, and endeavours to effect it ! And lastly, this
mutual tenderness appears in particular in what relates
to Algeria ; it is to serve our interests that Gibraltar
furnishes ABD-EL-KADER with all possible assistance ; it
is to prove her kind intentions that England has twice
caused the failure of the treaties with Morocco. Our excel-
lent friend sees that our African possessions cost us much
gold and many men. She regrets the blood that has been
spilt, and the money fruitlessly expended, and she does all
she can to induis us to abandon this territory! Sincere
friendship ought To be marked with this seventy I It is,
however, unfortunate that this severity manifests itself
wherever we have interests to defend, and we defy any one
to show us a point of Europe where the British Cabinet does
not oppose our most legitimate desires for increasing our in-
fluence and commercial development. Need we call to mind
the unworthy disputes about POMARE, the Marquesas, and
New Zealand? If, in fine La Plata be excepted, where
common interests have called forth a community of action,
antagonism is perceptible everywhere, and everywhere at our
exThpenese.fo'llowing are the only other extracts from the papers
of the least interest :

" The King came to Paris on Tuesday, and held a Cabinet Coun-
cil, at which Marshal Soult was present.
~ M. Mandeville, the Chargé d'Affaires of England at the
Argentine Republic, is in Paris, says one of the journals, and has
had a private audience of M. Guizot.

"The Railroad Commission, of which the Minister of Public
Works is president, has commenced its sittings, for the purpos. of
examining the documents which have been sent in by companies
offering themselves for the execution of the Paris and Strasbourg
and Tours and Nantee line.. The kenqt will be made kndwst op

Monday next, being the eve of the day fixed lot the adjudication
of these two lines.

" Colonel Voisin, implicated In the landing of Prince Louis Na.
poleon at Boulogne, and who received permission to pass in a
maison de sante the imprisonment to which he was condemned,
has just had remitted the remainder of his punishment, and been
set at liberty.
" The Journal du Havre states that the weather at sea has beeli
for two days so bad, that several vessels have been obliged to put
into that port from the damages they have sustained. The Newcastle
collier Alexandrina, in coming in on Monday, got on the low piles
to the south.east of the jetty. Every endeavour was made to wharp
her off, but the cables broke, and she was of necessity left to her
fate after saving the crew. She sank in the night.

The Prague Gazette, in annonncing the death of a M. LEM-
KAUER, an Israclitish merchant, at the age of Feventy-one,
states that about fifty years ago he arrived in that city on
foot without money, but by force of industry and economy
had since acquired a fortune of nearly 6,000,000 f., the greater
part of which he has bequeathed for the encouragement of
the arts and sciences, and commerce and manufactures, and
for the relief of the unfortunate of all nations. About
2,500,000 f. have fallen to the benevolent institutions of the
principal towns of Bohemia.
Another panic in a small way took place on the
Paris Bourse on Wednesday, attributed by some to the
failure :of two brokers who carried on much
business, and by others to unfavourable news from America,
and by a third party to the belief that several important
lines would be announced for adjudication, and thereby throw
more shares into the market. The fall was chiefly in the
Share Market. After some fluctuation, Northern Shares fell
18%f. ; Orleans fell 16%f.; Rouen fell 20f. ; Bordeaux fell
10f. ; Havre fell 151. ; Fampoux fell 15f. under par.
The Three per Cents. closed at 82f. 450.; the Five per
Cents., 117 f. 75c. ; the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,140 f.;
Konen, 960 f. ; Northern, 7071. 50c. ; Havre, 760 f. ;
Avignon, 910 f. ; Vierzon, 760 f. ; Bordeaux, 612 f. 50c. ;
Boulogne, 525 f. ; Troyes and Monterean, 460 f. ; Basle,
246 f. 25c.; Northern, 707 f. 50c.; Spanish Three per Cents.,
39; Ditto, Passives, 6/.
The following are the quotations for other lines :-
Paris and Lyons Railroad (Lints), 121. 50c. premium;
ditto (Calon), 21. 50c. ; ditto (Ganneron), 3f.; ditto (Lapin
sonniere), If. ; Paris and Strasburg (Ganneron), sf. ;
ditto (Hinguerlot), 21. 50c.; ditto, Avmard, 4f. 50c. ' • Tours
and Nantes (Mackenzie), 51.; ditto (Drouillard), 31.; ditto
(O'Neill), 4f. ; ditto (Lefsvre), 31. • Lyons and Avignon (Ta-
labot), 171. 50c.; ditto (Lecoints),'2f. 50c.; ditto (Compagnie
Meridionale), par; Bordeaux and Cette (Mackenzie), par;
ditto (Espeleta), 10f. ; Creil and St. Quentin (Carette),
3f. 50c. ; Dieppe (Sellieres) 4901.
Lroxs, Nov. 17.-Marseilles and Avignon, 940 f.; Paris
and Orleans, 1,1401.; Paris and Rouen,. 965 f.; Orleans and
Vierzon, 680 f. ; Northern, 7211. 25c.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THI
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, Nov. 20.
Anglo-Belgian - 'Mauritius
Boulogne and Amiens.. 914 Namur and Liege
Bordeaux &Mediterrau - North Jamaica ... -
Bordeaux aid Toulouse - Orleans and Vierzon
Do. & Cette (Espeleta) - Orleans and Bordeaux -
Do. ( Mackenzie's) - Over Tssel ....... -
Central of Spain - Paris& Lyons (La:lifts) 214
Ceylon. - Ditto (Ganneron's). 314
Demerara - Ditto (Caloa's).... - 2
Dendre Valley •• % Ditto (Sud Est)
Dutck Rhenish ... ...... 7% Paris and Orleans Orleans -
Dieppe & Paris Jima. - Paris and Rouen BB
Dijon and Mulhouse - Paris and Strasburg
East Indiaa ........ E (Ganneron's)
Fampoux & llazebrouk - Do. (Aymard's) -
Grt Northern of France Do. (Compte do L'Est) -
Constituted ls Paris and St. Quentin. -
Do. Pepin le Halleur - Rouen and Havre...... -
Great Paris and Lyons - Royal North of Spain,
Great Western Bengal - Sambre aid 5/4
Great Western Canada - Strasburg and Beebe
.4
Jamaica S. Mid. Junction - Tourn",Jurbise, Lau-
Do. Nortk Midland -
• Ant, and Hassolt... -
Do. Extension
Jersey (Mackenzie's) 4%
Louvain and Jemeppe.. Do. (Lefebvre's)
Lyons and Avignon.... Do. (O'Neill's)
Luxembourg -
Madrid and Valellaa... - West Flanders

THR MP:at-rms.—Lord Wharndiffe and other Cabinet
Ministers have left town. Sir Robert Peel remains at
Windsujr Castle, on a visit to ber Majesty. Lord Stanley has
not :arrived in towdrrom the north,
The Earl of Radnor has given a donation of ten pounds for
the forthcoming dinner in aid of the Metropolitan Benefit
Societies' Asylum, with permission to add his Lordship's
name for a Vice-Patron. Dr. Bowring, M.P., has also sent a
donation, and promised to attend the dinner; as well as
Thos. Wakley, Esq., M.P.

DEEP SiA FIEIHING.—A letter addressed by Mr. Demp
ster, to th• editor of the Edinburgh Advertiser, on this subject,
appears in another column. It appears to us that Mr.
Dempster has well met the objections which have been made
to the project for organising companies for the prosecution of
deep sea fishing. It is of the utmost importance that means
should be adopted without delay, to provide for the defi-
ciency of the potato crop. A cheap and good supply of fish
would go far to make that provision. We trust, therefore,
that these companies will be organised forthwith.