The Sun.
London, England, 1845-11-03 00:00:00

meat for the construction of any line of railway shall deposit
in the Junta of Public Credit, as a pledge of the completion
1 of their contract, in Portuguese Consolidated Funds of 4 or 5
I per cent., a sum corresponding to the number of leagues con-
taine'l in the proposed road, at the rate of 12 contos of reis
er leauue.
17. No proposal for the construction of railways will be
admitted without its capability being proved by authentic
document,, or 17 the immediate formation of a company
or companies which by their credit shall guarantee the end
proposed.
18. Proposals to be presented at the office of the Secretary
of State for the Home Department within the term of six
months, counted from the present date.

NAVAL TRIAL CRUISES.
(From the Morning Herald.)
THE TRIALS UNDER ADMIRAL BOWLES IN 1844.
In the diagrams referred to in Rear-Admiral Bowles's re-
port of the sailings between the St. Vincent, 120, Captain
Lord Hardwicke ; the Caledonia, 120, Captain Alexander
Milne; the Queen, 110, Captain W. F. Martin; and the
Albion, 90, Captain N. Lockyer, C. 8., it is stated :
" OFF THE WIND.'—On the 24th of Oct., 7 30 a.m., trial
commenced by signal. Wind N.E. fresh. Ships uner all
starboard studding sails and royals. Rate of going eight
knots. As the former advanced, the wind freshening, haul-
ing forward at the same time. At nine the wind was NNE.,
when lower studdingsail was taken in. At noon the wind
was N. All studdingsails in. A heavy swell from NW.
At once the Queen carried away her foretopgallant mast, and
trial ceased.
" At the conclusion of the trial, St. Vincent had gained on
the Caledonia 443 miles, and on the Queen 345 miles. The
distances run were as follows :—Caledonia 42 75, Queen
43 74, St. Vincent 47 17 miles.
"'By THE WIND.'—On the 26th October, 7 40 a.m., trial
commenced, ships under single reefed topsails, topgallant
sail, jib and driver. Water pretty smooth; wind steady,
SW by S. At 10 the wind had freshened considerably, with
a cross sea running. At 10 30 took in] topgallant sails, and
second reef of topsails; sea increasing. At 12 breeze still
freshening, with a heavy swell from NW, and a short cross
sea from SSW. 1 25, trial ceased by signal. Noon, Queen
made the signal, carrying a turn lee helm, Caledonia and
St. Vincent helms amidships.
"At the conclusion of the trial Caledonia had weathered
on the Queen 0 53 of a mile; and on the St. Vincent 0 2 of
a mile. The distances run were—Caledonia 33 2 ; Queen.
30 67 ; St Vincent, 34 25 miles."
[On the Bth of November the Albion took part in the trials.l
" BY THE WIND,' under easy sail.—At 11 55 signal was
made to look out on the Admiral's weather beam. Wind
from WNW to NW, light, with signals, at times obliging the
ships to lower their topsails. Albion and Queen under single
reefed topsails, jib, and driver. St. Vincent flying jib and
royals at times. The rate of sailing of Caledonia from three
to four and a half knots. A long swell from NNW 315 trial
ended by signal.
"At the conclusion of the trial Albion had weathered on
the Queen 0 12 of a mile, and on the St. Vincent, 1 5 mile.
The distances run were Albion 17 85, Queen 17 2, St. Vin-
cent 16 5 miles."
[The Caledonia is not mentioned in this trial.]
" TRIAL OF SAILING BY THE WIND,' BETWEEN ALBION,
QUEEN, AND ST. VINCENT, ON Nov. 9.—A moderate breeze
from NW, with a heavy swell. The ships with single reefs,
St. Vincent with main royal and flying jib. The day was
not a favourable one for a trial, owing to the wind veering
from two to three points to the westward and then back
again. Caledonia under easy sail.
"At 2 40 Albion carried away her maintopsail-yard ; she
had then weathered on the Queen 1 78 mile, and on the St.
Vincent 1 45 mile. At 3 50, when trial ended, St. Vincent
had weathered on the Queen 018 of a mile. Distances run
—Albion 23 8, Queen 22 7, St. Vincent 24 3 miles.
"TRIAL OF SAILING BEFORE THE WIND,' ON THE 13TH
OF NOVEMBER.—The wind was light, veering from S to
SSE ; ships under royals and studdingsails on both sides,
with exception of Caledonia, she having only larboard ones
the whole time ; rate of sailing from three to four knots ;
water perfectly smooth. At 8 30 trial commenced, and
ceased by signal at 430 p.m. At the conclusion of trial
Albion had gained on Caledonia 5 8 miles, on Queen 437
miles, and on St. Vincent 0 75 of a mile. The distances
run—Caledonia 27 8, Albion 3 36, Queen 20 2, St. Vincent
32 85 miles.
"' TRIAL OF SAILING WITH THE WIND ABEAM,' ON THE
15TH NOVEMBER.—At 7 30 a.m., the first angles were taken,
ships then under whole topsails, royals, living jib, topmast,
and topgallant studdingsails. Wind SSW, latter drawing
aft to Sby W and S. During the last hour the ships ahead
seemed to have less wind, as Caledonia drew up with both
Albion and St. Vincent, previous to which they had gone
fast ahead of the Caledonia. There was a swell from the
westward ; rate of Caledonia's sailing five to six knots. At
the conclusion of the trial at 1 p.m. Albion had gained on
Caledonia 4m. 7th, on the Queen 4in. 14th, and on the St.
Vincent 2m. 93ths. At noon Albion was 02of a mile fur-
ther ahead of Caledonia. The distances run were Caledonia
31 5, Albion 36 2, Queen, 32 1, St. Vincent 33 3 miles.
"TRIAL OF SAILING BY THE WIND ON STARBOARD TACC.'
—At 715 first angles were taken. Ships under whole top-
sails, royals, and flying jib. Wind about SE by E, light, but
pretty steady ; water smooth ; rate of sailing from four to
four and a half knots. At 10 tacked together by signal ;
wind SE. Queen mistaking her signal preparative,' put
her helm down too soon, when discovering her mistake she
was obliged to box off, and it was some minutes before she
regained sufficient way to enable her to go round. At 12,
wind SE by S, tacked together by signal. 130 trial ceased
by signal. At the conclusion of the trial, Albion had wea-
thered on the St. Vincent 0 41 of a mile, on the Caledonia
189 mile, and on the Queen 246 miles. The distances ran
were—Caledonia 25 56, Albion, 30 17, Queen 24 28, St. Vin-
cent 27 3 miles.
"TRIAL OF SAILING BY THE WIND,' ON THE 19TH OF
NOVEMBER.—At 8 30, signal was made:—' Try rate of
sailing by the wind on starboard tack—make all possible
sail.' Ships immediately shook out their second reefs, and
with the exception of Caledonia, set royals and flying jib.
At 9 the first angles were taken ; wind then about W by
N, a moderate breeze, but very unsteady, and inclined to
fanlight. During the hour from 9to 10, wind had shifted
to WSW, ships not making a better course than S by W.
At 10, tacked together, wind very light, and again shifted
to SW, thus bringing Albion and Queen dead to leeward.
Caledonia set royals. At 11, wind had freshened to a royal
breeze, and became more steady. At this time only can
the trial be said to commence. At 11 30, Queen sprung
her main topgallant mast, took in her royals and flying jib,
lowered her main topsail, and shifted her topgallant mast.
At 12 30 she had her topgallant sail again set; and at
1 royals and flying jib, and at 240, Caledonia took in royals
and flying jib, and at 3 20 trial ceased, and Albion parted
company. At 9 a.m., when the first angles were taken, wind
was W. by N., and Albion 0 34 of a mile to windward of St.
Vincent, 0 37 to leeward of Caledonia, and 0 43 to leeward
of the Queen. At 11 the position of the ships, occasioned by
the change of wind, were—Albion. 0 4 of a mile to leeward
of St. Vincent, 0 55 to leeward of Caledonia, 0 4 to leeward
of the Queen. At 320 p.m., when trial ended, the Albion
had gained (commencing from 11 a.m.) 0 5 to windward of
St. Vincent, and 182 mile to windward of Caledonia. The
Queen being obliged to shorten sail, in consequence of spring-
ing, and then having to shift her maintopgallant mast, the
trial with her became void The distances run were—Cale-
donia 22 1, Albion 27 1, and St. Vincent 24 3 miles.
" Heel of the ships as shown by pendulum (on the trial
24th October)-9 a.m. Caledonia, 8 degrees; Queen, 4; St.
Vincent, 8. 30.-10 a.m. Caledonia, 9 ; Queen, 5 ; St. Vin-
cent, 10.-11 15. a.m. Caledonia, 9; Queen, 3; and St.
Vincent, 7 degrees 30 minutes.
" Heel 'of ships as shown by the pendulum at 1 15 p.m.,
having at the time royals and flying jib set (19th Nov.).—
Caledonia, 5 degrees; Albion, 2; Queen, 3. 30. ; St. Vin-
cent, 4.
[ln the above details of Admiral Bowles, it will be seen
the Gallant Admiral throughout is most anxious about the
Queen and Albion, as if the excellencies of those two ships
only were to be pointed out when they favourably contrast
with the others. The Admiral has given us the degrees of
inclination according to the " jerkometer" only twice • it
would have been equally interesting if the degree of pitching
and rolling of each ship had been published. The Admiral
has admitted, that on the Bth of November, in light and
squally weather. obliging ships to lower topsails, the Albion
and Queen under single-reefed topsails, jib, and driver, the
St. Vincent carried flying jib and royal ; thus she out-carried
the others, and no doubt her degree of inclination was
greater, whilst the others, having such immense lower sails,
preserved a greater stability, the pressure being- lowered.
We shall have something more to say to these diagrams.]
CAPTAIN CORRY'S REPORT OF THE EXPERI-
MENTAL BRIGS.
A Return of Masts, Spars, &c., Sprung or Carried Away,
Sails split, and other Losses on board the Experimental
Squadron, between the 21st of October and the Ist of
December, 1844; Remarks, &c.
TIIE OSPREY (Mr. BLAKE'S.)—Nov. s.—Flying-jib-boom
carried away, through boom-iron giving way in a moderate
breeze, iron being defective. Nov. 6.—Futtock-plate of
topmast rigging carried away, iron-work very defective ;
stern-davits much beat, iron-work defective, and davits
not high enough out of water; whiskers much bent, too
slight, and not securely filled. Nov. 12.—Iron stop of dead-
eye for foremost-backstav carried away; ironwork very
defective. Nov. 21.—Forelopmast-studdingsail-yard carried
away in hoisting, being much too slight. Nov. 23.—Foretop-
mast-studdingsail-boom carried away ; snapped in the boom-
iron when shortening sail. Nov. 28.—Jib-boom carried
away, through backrope-bolts drawing from the bows not
being properly secured,
THE FLYING FISH (SURVEYOR'S BRIG).—Oct. 29.—Fore-
royal-yard carried away through hoisting the sail too taut;
head-shoot washed away. Nov. B.—Jib-boom, flying jib-boom,
martingale, and larboard whisker carried away, owing to a
flaw in the shackle of the chain-martingale ; jibgear-halyards,
24 in. 15 fms.; guys, 3 in. 26 fins. ; backropes, 4 in. 40 fins. ;
downhaul, 2 in. 30 fms. ; sheets, 24 in. 39 fms ; pendants,
34 in. 5 fins. ; downhaul block, 6 in. 1; sheet ditto, 8 in. 2 ;
flying jibgear-halyard, 14 in. 16 fins. ; downhaul, 14 in. 28
fms.; sheets, 2 in. 30 fms.; blocks single, 5 in. 1; lost
when jib-boom was carried away by cutting to expedite
getting in wreck, signal to try rate of sailing not having
been annulled. Nov. 19.—Foretopmast studdingsail yard
carried away in a fresh breeze. Foretopmast studdingsail
boom from bracing forward and keeping the tack too much
in. Nov. 22.—Mainboom carried away, owing to her Ma-
jesty's brig Cruizer running foul of the brig while lying to.
Foretopmast studding sail boom sprung, through running
with the lower halyards. Main royal yard sprung, from
overhoisting the sail. Nov. 29.—Wings of figure-head car-
ried away, not having been properly fastened.
THE ESPIEGLE (MESSRS. READ, CHATFIELD, AND
CREUZE).—Oct. 30.—Carried away heel lashing of jib-boom.
when under trial. Nov. 10.—Starboard stern davit was
carried away by a sea striking the dingy; found a flaw in it
on examination. Nov. 19.—Topsail sheet carried away when
under trial, and has been found bad, and repaired often;
starboard stern davit carried away. Nov. 20.—Jib-boom
sprung; on examination about the bowsprit discovered the
jib-boom sprung in the cap ; eased it a foot in, fished it, and
have kept it out since. Topsail sheets several times gone ;
also the chain heel lashing of jib-boom, and the heel iron of
ditto. Ironwork about the vessel appearing very bad.
THE MUTINE (MR. Fiercifam's).—Oct. 22.—Carried away
chain-messenger in heaving up the anchor. Oct. 24.—Car-
ried away chain for hanging block at maintopmost head
from being bad ironwork. Oct. 25.—Lost two boats' oars,
some boat hooks, when dingy was lowered to pick up a man.
Oct 27.—Lost balance-pole of life-buoy, broken in letting the
life-buoy go. Oct. 28.—Carried away main-topsail lift;
blowing strong from SE ; carried away chain for han-
ing block at maintopmast head, from being bad iron-
work. Oct. 30.—Sprung jib-boom when trying rate of
sailing ; blowing strong ; the iron hand round bow-
sprit to which the clamp for heel of jib-boom
was attached, having broken, and in consequence the
jib- boom was sprung. Oct. 31.—Carried away another chain
for hanging-block; bad iron-work. Nov. 2.—Carried away
maintopmast tye ; light breezes; the rope, being decayed at
heart, broke short. Nov. 4.—Lost answering pendant ;
blown away in answering signals from the Firebrand. Nov.
7.—Carried away strop for clew garnet ; block-rope perished
at heart. Nov. B.—Carried away main truss strop-rope,
perished at heart. Nov. 10 —Sprung jib-boom in conse-
quence of the bobstay lanyards carrying away whilst pitch-
ing the jib and flying jib-boom in one. Nov. 17.—Carried
away main truss pendant rope, perished.. Nov. 21.—Carried
away port main truss strop; rope perished. Nov. 23.—Car-
ried away port foretopmast studdingsail boom, in consequence
of the gunmen mate not easing the topmaststuddingstuljack,