The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-21 00:00:00

markets. The peace with America, on which he
relies, and which he justly praises, is an excellent
measure ; but unfortunately for England it is ac-
companied by a tariff, which, he may learn from
yesterday's Sun, and from another part of our
present impression, will have a fatal effect on
our trade. The advices from the manufacturing
districts are held in the City to be very unfavour-
able. Not only does the continued turn-out
check consumption, but we are told that it in-
duces foreigners to withhold orders or carry
them elsewhere. The price of agricultural pro-
duce is likely, therefore, to sink still lower and
cause still more " gloomy and more miserable
times for the agricultural interest" than it now
experiences.
It is a somewhat curious coincidence that the
average rate of duty at which 2,457,931 qrs. of
wheat have been imported under the new scale
was Bs. 4or within Id. of the fixed duty pro-
posed by MiCiArhigs. Being brought in on the
eve of our thin harvest, which has turned out
almost infinitely better than the bad seed-time
experienced last year induced persons to ex-
pect, that quantity has brought agriculture into
its present " very gloomy and very miserable"
condition. Had the Whigs succeeded in carry-
ing their fixed duty, an equal, and probably a
greater, quantity of corn would have been im-
ported. It - might not have come all at once,
like the importation under the sliding scale ; some
of it would have been brought in before the
period when the duty under the present scale
sunk to Bs., and some of it the holders at that
period would have kept in bond, certain that they
ran no risk of not being able to enter it hereafter
at the same rate ofduty. The fixed duty, too, might
have given a greater impulse to our trade than
the sliding scale; but this would have been about
balanced in its effect on prices by the greater
quantity of corn imported. As the agriculturists
are suffering now and complaining, they would
have suffered under the Bs. fixed duty ; and the
Whigs, had they been successful, would have had
to bear the odium of ruining the agriculturists.
Their opponents would have made no allowance
for the harvest; all the blame of the reduced
prices would have been ascribed to their measure,
and they would have become ten times more
unpopular than at present. They may now be
thankful that they did not succeed, as we are,
for the blame of injuring the agriculturists can-
not now be shifted from the Corn-laws. That
the Whigs did not succeed has rescued them
from the unpopularity of ruining the poor agri-
culturists, which will now fall on the devoted
heads of their rivals.

the ground is to be cultivated on the fourfold
Essex system, or on the Scotch system ? Agri-
culture, like other arts, sprung up as society ad.
vanced, and it is trespassing tco much on our
credulity for the Parliament man to tell us that
our manufacturers must submit to be ruined by
his laws intended to promote agriculture, because
man is obliged to labour for his subsistence.
A Tory journalist found out yesterday that
agriculture was preferable to manufactures, be-
cause it was the parent of steady and regular
habits. Such an assertion must be made to
serve a purpose, for anything more contrary to
fact cannot well be conceived. The agricul-
turist has in winter little or nothing to do, and
he goes hunting or poaching, or would go if he
were allowed, because he has no occupation.
In other seasons he labours, as in hay time and
harvest, sixteen hours a day. His labours de-
pend, too, on the weather as well as the seasons,
and he sometimes begins his day by sowing, and
then the rain drives him into the barn to thrash.
If the barn-floor be occupied, he may make
hurdles ; and if there be no hurdles wanted, he
may go to sleep, or go to the alehouse. His oc-
cupations are neither continuous nor certain,
while the bulk of the artisans, excluding brick-
layers, stonemasons, &c., working under shelter,
go day after day to their labour by the cluck,
and leave off work as the clock strikes.

The machines on which artisans depend, are
models of regularity ; the weather, which forms
the habits of the agriculturists, is proverbially
uncertain. If the assertion that agriculture is
favourable to steady and regular habits, as con-
trasted with manufactures, be not made with a
view to deceive, it is the offspring of unobserving
ignorance. It is, however, on such grounds as
that it is man's first duty to cultivate the ground,
and that cultivating the ground gives steady
habits, that our manufacturers are to be malevo-
lently doomed to decay, by those who claim
respect and obedience from manufacturers as
their protectors and guardians.

We publish in another place a brief history,
written by an English officer, of the circum-
stances which led the Boers of Natal to leave
the colony of the Cape of Good Hope. It agrees
with much which we had previously heard, and
and is confirmed by the proclamation published
by the Boers themselves. From both documents
it appears that they left the colony after giving
notice of their intention, assigning their reasons
for their conduct, and receiving the sanction of
the Lieutenant-Governor of the colony. He
said, according to the Boers, that " it was an in..
dubitable right that a man, not satisfied with the,
administration of a Government, had liberty to
abandon it."

We cannot part company from Squire CON.
YERS, till we have directed the reader's attention
to his almost blasphemous alliteration : ".4s I
said to Sir R. PEEL, we have two P's—Provi.
dence and PEEL." In the mind of the Squire,
therefore, and probably in the minds of kin-
dred squires, PEEL and Providence were, some
months back, placed on the same level. They
were expected to be equally efficacious in saving
and aggrandising the agricultural state, and they
were equally honoured by the squires. The
flattery of the Frenchman, who placed
on the statue of BONAPARTE the inscription
" Voila mon Dieu," was a bold piece of impiety;
but it is nearly equalled, in all but its boldness,
by the sneaking impiety of Squire CONYERS.
An old and respectable officer, long since dead,
we believe, who used to say that nobody looked
after the Eurydice but GOD ALMIGHTY and
GEORGE LUMSDAIN, was considered a profane
man in times much less chary of speech than at
present ; and what then will be thought of a
squire—one of our pattern men—who can
flatter Sir R. PEEL by telling him that the
nation has two P's—Providence and PEEL ?
" Man-worship," said Mr. VINCENT, in a speech
delivered a few days ago, addressing the work-
ing classes, " has been your bane ;" and now
that man-worship has been scouted by the work-
ing classes, it is adopted by the squires.

LITERATURE.
QUARTERLY RE VIE W. No. XL. Murray, London.!
The question whether Mr. Pitt excelled in
written composition as well as in oratory, which '
has been often discussed, and on which no de-
cisive opinion has hitherto been pronounced,
has at length been set at rest,by the publication of
his official correspondence with the Duke of Rut-
land, who was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ire-
land in 1784, about a year or two after Pitt's first
accession to power. This correspondence, of
which an able notice appears in the Number
before us, exhibits the illustrious statesman quite
in a new light—namely, as a vigorous a d
graceful writer, whose style has all that suc-
cinctness and felicity ofexpression which is seldom
arrived at, except by continual practice. Among
his letters to the Duke is one, dated 1786,
wherein, alluding to a peerage which his Grace
requested him to bestow on a mutual friend, he
says :—" A variety of circumstauees have un-
avoidably led me to recommend a larger addition
to the Brilish peerage than I like, or than I
think quite creditable ; and I am on that account
very desirous not to increase it now farther than
is absolutely necessary." This passage is not a
little remarkable, when we bear in mind that it
was writteu by a Premier, who, at a subsequent
period, increased the peerage to a greater extent
than any two of his successors. " Pitt's inuso-
rooms" was a phrase of the day in every one's
mouth, and %%as strictly applicable to not a few
of his new creations, by whose means chiefly it
was that he carried his favourite project of the
Irish Union. From the above passage we see
that in recommending such a multiplication of
honours, he did considerable violence to his own
feelings, arid yielded only to the force of in-
exorable circumstances. Of' his correspondent,
the Duke of Rutland, little need be said. He
was no great politician, but, nevertheless, he
made a highly popular Lord-Lieutenant, being
possessed of many of those showy qualities
which the Irish like; his nature was frank and
social, his munificence and hospitality un-
bounded; his address was conciliatory to a
degree ; and his love of conviviality so great, that
he fell a victim to it at the early age of thirty-
three. If we remember rightly, Wraxall has
related many pleasant festive anecdotes of him
in his Memoirs; and his character shows to
great advantage in Crabbe's Life, prefixed
to the last edition of his poems. " Marshal
Blucher" is an interesting review of a bio-
graphical memoir of this veteran warrior, pub-
lished recently at Leipsig, from which it
appears that he was born in 1742, and served
through the latter part of the famous seven year's
war, under the Great Frederick. He was con-
sequently far advanced in life, when, on the
general rising in Germany against—TNapoleon's
despotism, he took the command of the Prussian
forces; but few, if any, among his younger
military contemporaries, exhibited more energy
and decision of character. He was brave as a
lion, an adroit and ready tactition, and, as Bona-
parte observed of the British soldiery, never
knew when lie was beaten. " His jests," says
the Reviewer, "frequently of a description ill
calculated for chaste ears, extorted grim smiles
from lips black with the cartridge, and sent
laughter through the column, while grape-shot
was tearing its ranks. When he checked his
horse in the hottest cannonades to light his pipe
at the linstock of the gunner, the piece was, pro-
bably not the worse served. Towards the close
of the campaign in France, the infirmities of age
at one moment almost induced him to contem-
plate the abandonment of his command, and to
retire into the Netherlands; but the spirit tri-
umphed over the flesh, and though unable to
remain in the saddle for the last attack on Mont-
martre, he gave his orders with calmness and
precision from a carriage. His appearance on
this occasion must have taxed the gravity of his
staff, for, to protect his eyes, then in a state of
violent inflammation, the grisly vetern had re-
placed his cocked-hat by a French lady's bonnet
and veil !" We quote an amusing extract, re-
specting Blucher and Wellington, while engaged
in the battle of Waterloo

But now, it is assumed in the contest with
them, that no man can throw off his allegiance
to a Government, and that once a slave, he
must for ever remain a slave. We think it be-
comes all men to protest against such a doctrine.
Weknow that it is fashionable—that it is insisted
on in the case of our seamen, but that does not
make it just. A Government is established for
the benefit of all the people, and if some of
them find that it is not fur their benefit, they
have, so the Lieutenant-Governor said, an in-
dubitable right to shake off its authority. The
contrary principle asserts that man is made for
government, not government for man. It is a
relic of the imperial despotism of old Rome,
which ought not to be tolerated amongst us; and
if, on this ground, Lord STANLEY has decided on
reducing the Boers to subjection, England has
allowed her Minister to engage her in a career
of injustice.

" The 18th saw Blucher again in the saddle. at the
head of BuloW's newly-arrived division, urging its
onward course, and his own, like Milton's griffin
through the wilderness, cheering the march-worn
troops till the defile of St. Lambert rang to his old
war-cry and soubriquet Forwards'—reminding them
of the rain which had spared so much powder at the
Katzbach, and telling them of the promise of assist-
ance which he stood pledged to redeem to the Eng-
lish. Nobly, indeed, was that promise redeemed, and
the utter ruin of the French army is to be ascribed
to that assistance. Ungrateful we should be not to
acknowledge such service, though we cannot subscribe
to the theories, whether French or Prussian, which
gave it the full merit of saving from destruction an
army which had, while as yet unsupported, repuised
every attack and annihilated the French cavalry.
We know that no thought of so disastrous a result
crossed the minds of those about the Duke's person,
and that officers of his staff who left the field wounded
towards the close of the action, did so with no other
feeling of anxiety than for the personal safety of him
they left behind. His servants, who, in the village of
'Waterloo, had the opportunity of witnessing the inci-
dents of the rear of such a battle—which try the
nerves more than those of the fray itself—knew their
master well. The manoeuvres of the kitchen were
conducted with as much precision as those of the
Foot-guards at St. James's. Reign what confusion
there might in the avenue of Soignies, there was none
in the service of the Duke's table, and the honour of
the Vattel of his establishment was preserved free
from stain as his own.

The opinions concerning the American tariff,
which we quoted yesterday from the Leeds
Mercury, are shared, we see, by the Glasgow
Argus. That journal says :

The new duties are, in point of fact, prohibitory
against numerous and important articles of British
trade, and they have given rise to the most serious
apprehensions, in regard to the future, both in Glas-
gow and Manchester. We know of one house in this
city that ship from 40,0001. to 50,0001. value every
spring and fall, who declare that they will be com-
pelled to abandon the trade, and only refrain from
doing so in the meantime because the provisions of
the tariff are so monstrous that the American Govern-
ment can scarcely persist in them permanently. An-
other house has cancelled orders to the extent of
15,000 pieces printed cottons and de-laines ; and we
have heard, also, of large orders for ginghams, and
other articles of manufacture, being in like manner
countermanded. These are specimens of the " benefits"
conferred by the new tariff upon Glasgow ; and we
might proceed to enumerate many others. We pre-
fer, however, to make way for the following letter,
which we have received from Mr. John Pattison, of
this city, a gentleman who is extensively engaged in
the trade with the United States, and whose views,
as being those of a practical merchant, are deserving
of attention.

From Mr. PATTISON'S letter we take two ex-

tracts :
To give you some idea how the new duties will
affect the manufacturing interests of Glasgow and
Paisley, I will shortly state, that printed muslins and
all moderate printed cottons, of which the great bulk
of the trade consisted, are virtually prohibited, such
cottons, twenty-four inch wide, now paying six cents
or three pence the yard duty ; Delaines, or cotton
and woollen mixed goods, pay same as cottons.
Ginghams, nine cents, or five pence the square yard;
Madras and Verona handkerchiefs, say 120 per cent.
to 150 per cent. duty ' • muslins, 71 cents, or 3.-',d..
square yard; silk goods, or of which silk is a compo-
nent part, two dollars and a half per lb. of 16 oz. ;
so that a Paisley silk and cotton shawl, which weighs
about a pound, and costs 6s. to 75., will pay a duty of
ten shillings ! Iron will now pay from 55 to 65 per
cent. To add to the severity of the law, all the duties
are to be paid cash down on entry. To sell, under
the old and moderate duties, if you got any profit, you
were compelled to give a credit of eight months ! I
cannot help thinking that this prohibitory measure
has been called forth by a spirit of RETALIATION,
springing FroFro
m t
hoeu ttaol
talent
nSti r
displayedß . Peel's
btariff.the
Presidenty
* in* his
Message on the Veto--the
moderathtieon and good
esent sense evinced by Mr. Webster—and
feel-
ing of the American people generally—there
no doubt that, had Sir Robert Peel proposed acanbe
mode-
ratefixed duty on bread stuffs, he would have obtained
a commercial treaty on the most fair and liberal terms
—an arrangement which would have proved highly
beneficial to the great landed interests of America—
east, west, and south—as well as of vast importance
to their mercantile marine—and it would have saved
our manufacturers from the ruin that threatens them.
The treaty of Lord Ashburton is all very well, and
no wise or good man can object to it; but frightful as
war is, it were better for our mercantile and manu-
facturing interest, in a pecuniary point of view, to be
so engaged, than to be thus shut out from a market
our necessities so loudly called for. Our friends in
Canada, however, have good cause to rejoice—they
will have a rich harvest to gather in supplying the
smugglers of the United States.
Whether the Tories meant to destroy our
trade with America or not, and, from what their
journals have said the world will give them credit
for meaning it, they are accomplishing that object.
Till Sir ROBERT PEEL took it into his head to
modify the tariff and the Corn-law, and modi-
fied them as if he had intended to keep out the
produce of the United States—for none of his
changes are beneficial to them—the American
Government and people might nourish some
hopes that English statesmen would consult the
best interests of their own country, which is also
the interest of America. Sir ROBERT PEEL'S
tariff
and Corn-law have put an end to all
those
hopes, and are the true parents of the
American tariff. Our trade was suffering before
front
our own legislation, and now it is doomed
to suffer still more
bahly have tl
? so that the Tories will pro-
le satisfaction of depopulating half
our manufacturing towns.
manufactures, th
To justify their
malevolent designs against
they ut forth some of the strangest
reasons imaginable.
re-
joices in represen,taintgulthe Essex agriculturists in
Parliament, said
A Mr. PALMER, who
day, that it is the firstedEutpypainngd
m thee e t
first
o n
labourF ri
imposed on man by the ALMTGRTY, •
d, a duty and a labour that '.hieshould cultivate the growl
of which man, in some stages of his existence,
PALMER mean that ,
has no conception. Does Mr.

The war seems, we deeply' regret to say,
likely to be carried on in a manner which the
whole civilized world will condemn. The arm-
ing the Indians during the American war has
always been held to be a disgrace to our country,
The Dutch Boers, say certain busy agents, are
instigating the Kafir tribes against us, either to
their own or our misfortune." Colonel CLOETE
says, in his dispatch, that the Kafirs would
plunder the Boers as soon as his troops with-
draw. In remonstrating against employing them
to make war on the Boers, he implies that em-
ploying them had been contemplated. To wage
a war against the emigrants, in order to compel
them to return under our dominion, and to carry
on that war by the aid and assistance of savages,
will be to inflict on Great Britain an indelible
disgrace.

" That he ever returned to eat the dinner so pre-
pared was certainly not due to any avoidance of per-
sonal exposure on his own part. Of Buonaparte's
conduct in that respect on this his last field-day we
have seen no account on which we could rely. We
have no doubt of his sang froid under fire ; but whe-
ther Waterloo witnessed its conspicuous display we
are ignorant. On divers celebrated occasions he is
known to have abundantly exposed himself; but in
general he would seem to have been as free as our
own commander from the vulgar ostentation of court-
ing danger, and in most of his greater battles there
was little call for it. We have heard that Bertrand,
at St. Helena, set much store by an opera glass
had discovered the English
We believe that neither the
through
General
Duke nor his staff succeeded at any moment of the
action in identifying the person or exact position of
his great opponent, though few great battles have
brought rival leaders so near. That our chief was
everywhere except in the rear is well known ; and the
casualties among his own staff, of whom many were
hit at his side, bespeak the hot service he went
through. Danger pursued him to the last. After
sixteen hours in the saddle, he was alighting at his
own quarters, when the spirited animal, long after-
wards a pensioner in the paddocks of strathfieldsaye,
as if conscious of the termination of his labours,
jerked out his heels in a faslion which a slight change
of direction might have made fatal to his late rider.
Such an exploit would have rendered poor Copen-
hagen rather more famous than the little gentleman in
black velvet, so often toasted in our Jacobite revels of
the last century."
In speaking incidentally of the battle of
Waterloo, the Reviewer takes the opportunity of
exposing some of Mr. Alison's mis-statements on
the subject, in his "History of the French Re-
volution," and in reference to his assertions that
the Duke occasionally threw himself into a
square, and, in consequence of the severe loss
amongthe day, i
to the . his staff, " was obliged, in the close of
casual assistance of a Portu-
guese, who stood near, to carry the most neces-
sary ordersr —in
reference to these assertions
the Reviewer observes, " We are able to assure
Mr. Alison that the story, however generally
current, of the Duke's occasionally flinging him-
self into a square, is a fiction. He never once
was in that position throughout the battle of the
18th. For Portuguese read Piedmontese. The
young gentleman in question was of the family
of De Sails, a subject of the Sardinian Govern-
ment, and in its service. The mission he under-
took was one of danger, for his uniform made
him liable to be taken for a Frenchman by
the brigade to which he carried the Duke's
order to advance. " Were you ever in battle
before ?" said the Duke. " No, sir." "Then you
are a lucky man, for you will never see such
another." The Reviewer next proceeds to com-
ment on the historian's statement that the Duke
of Wellington was surprised by Napoleon, and
proves, we think, quite satisfactorily, that the
statement is wholly withouttoundation. " Poems
by Alfred Tennyson" is a favourable notice of
the works of the most promising young poet of
the day, whose " Locksley Hall"—a production
full of original beauty—displays much of that
force of expression and fervor of emotion, which
we find in
N. of the minor poems of Lord
Byron. •L'ir- Tennyson has all the luxuriant
imagary
of •Reates, without any of his effemi-
nate sensibility, and wilful caprices of rhyme.
He feels strongly, ) and occasionally evinces much
subtle power of thought; but he_should beware
of dabbling in metaphysics, which is the rock on
which Coleridge split. The " Orestea of Eschy-
lus" is evidently the production of a sound clas-
sical scholar, and of one, too, -whose heart is in
his subject. "Policy of Sir Robert Peel" has
already been noticed in The Sun. It is unmea_
sured praise throughout, and even defends the
Income-Tax, on the grotintts of its "novelty,"
and "objectionable character." Objectionable
enough, it is, God knows; but as to its ," no-
velty," it is sg far from being novel, that it- is
neither more nor less than a State plagiarism
from the Whigs.

THE SUN, LONDON, WE EVENING, SEPTEMBER 2l, 1842.