The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-06 00:00:00

WHAT IS A NEWSPAPER ?

This is a question, though apparently simple, which
cannot be answered in a moment. The query might
be propounded a hundred times, and be replied to as
often, with as many different meanings, and yet with
perfect accuracy. A newspaper is a mirror which
reflects intelligence from all quarters of the globe, as
the first four letters of its name denote—N EW S—
(north, east, west, south). There is not an event which
does not, sooner or later, make its way, through a
variety of secret channels, to this reservoir of public
information. From the great occurrences of the wide
world, to the little incidents of private life, we are
made acquainted, by this notorious "tell-tale," of
what is passing. in the earth ; and nothing can be
more interesting, or exciting to our curiosity, than a
newspaper just published from the press. It is laid
upon the breakfast-table in a folded form; and while
we open its damp sheet, we are moved with a prying,
eager, and anxious anticipation, to which nothing but
the newspaper itself can afford satisfaction. There is
something innate with our very nature, which craves
so for information, that such a source of communica-
tion as a public journal, becomes sn object of un-
equalled interest; and history, biography, romance,
poetry, or any other species of literature, is almost in-
variably set aside, when this great literary informant
makes its entree. On opening it we find it to be a
cabinet of curiosities, in almost kaleidoscope variety.
So diversified, in fact, that unless our mind is fixed on
one particular feature, we become bewildered with its
diversity, and are as much perplexed in making a se-
lection as a child while culling the blossoms of a va-
riegated flower garden.
" Among its printed columns may be traced
A paragraph for each peculiar taste."
Whilst we are disposed to philosophy, divinity, poli-
tics, or what not, we are sure to be accommodated
with some " tit-bit," according to our fancy, and
seldom is it that a newspaper reader lays down the
" broad sheet" without sumo gratifications. A news-
paper (viewing it in another light) is an universal
critic on society. Whatever is produced is brought
under the inspection of this eagle-eyed scrutator.
Books, music, machinery, and indeed everything else,
natural or artificial, are made the objects of comment
by this great commentator ; and it is often an useful
sieve in separating the " chaff from the wheat"—the
good from the good for nothing." Nor is there a
man living (whatever his pretensions)—who does not
flinch and cringe beneath the castigating stripes of a
newspaper critique. A newspaper is often a spot of
ground on which talent and genius spring up and
blossom ; and, but for this fruitful soil—this culti-
vated bed—

" Full many a. flower were born to blush unseen,
And waste its sweetness in the desert air."
A newspaper (in another character) is the mighty ex-
poser and corrector of public abuses and offences.
Like the famed Argus, its eyes are ever on the watch ;
and few errors or delinquencies can escape their con-
stant vigilance. But to represent a public journal in
all its phases, would be an interminable task. What,
then, must be the nature of the operations by which
it is produced ! What diversity of gift—what won-
derful instruments of art—and what astonishing faci-
lity must be called forth to its accomplishment ! Were
it a vulgar detail of casualties, collected and commu-
nicated in a loose and imperfect style, we might re-
gard it as an object of less astonishment ; but when
we know it to be a source of almost ad infinitum intel-
ligence—presented in a correct and interesting form
of literature, we can scarcely be persuaded that so
vast a project is the accomplishment of four-and-
twenty hours.

THE LATE MARQUIS OE HERTFORD.—The per-
sonal property of the late Marquis or Hertford has bet n
sworn under 700,0001., the duty on which will amount
to 10,000/. It is stated, on the best authority, that the
report of the executors being about to commence a civil
action against Suisse is totally without foundation. It
was at one time thought that a dispute would arise with
respect to the property left by some of the codicils, in
consequence of their being without a date ; but all has
been amicably arranged. The executors are allowed by
law 12 months from the death of the late Marquis to pay
all or any of the respective bequests to the several per-
sons therein named ; but whether they will avail them-
selves of such a privilege in the case of Suisse is not at
'present known. It is said that he intends leaving a
power of attorney in this country to receive the amount,
and that he intends shortly leaving England to join his
wife. We have it from good authority, although we
cannot actually vouch for the fact, that the recent prose-
cution of Suisse was not with the consent or wish of the
present Marquis of Hertford, and that many extraordi-
nary facts in reference to this singular case were kept
from the. public eye.—Britannia.
Yesterday evening an accident occurred to a fine
lad, mimed Joshua Wardell, ten years of age, whose pa-
rents rtside at No. 20atoupell-street, Cornwall-road. It
appears that the lad had been sent on an errand by his
mother to the Borough Market, and, whilst crossing the
road in Park-street, he was run over by a cab. The
driver, who had previously called to the lad to get out
of the way, and who exhibited the greatest regret at the
occurrence, immediately stopped his horse, and the child
being placed in the cab, was conveyed to St. Thomas's
Hospital. The wheels had passed over his neck and
head, and considerable doubts are entertained of his
ultimate recovery. This is the sixth case of accident
(three of which have terminated fatally) in the family of
the lad, and three of theta having beets run over by
vehicles.

A man, 22 years of age, named Wattrelot, who
acted as assistant to his father-in-law, a farmer, named
Foutry, at Carvin-Epinoy, was tried before the Court tn.
Assizes of the Pas-de-Calais, on the 25th ult., for the
murder by poison of his father •in-law, mother-in-law,
and sister-in-law, the motive for his crime having been
to become more speedily in possession of the property,
which at their death would belong to him in right of his
wife. The father-in-law was murdered by mixing ar-
senic in his soup, and six days afterwards the murderer
adopte,l the same course with the two female victims.
He was found guilty by the Jury, .but (to the astonish-
ment of the Court) with extenuating circumstances. He
was, consequently, sentenced to imprisonment for life,
with hard labour and exposure in the pillory.
A letter from Alexandria, 22d ult, in the Sema-
phore of Marseilles, says—" It was supposed that the
Pacha had renounced the intention of sending out his
fleet, but the contrary appears to be the case, for, dur-
ing the last two days, the ships have been taking in
provisions, and Said Pacha has been sent for by his
father. This sudden determination has given rise to va-
rious conjectures. Some say that the fleet is about to
be sent on a secret mission ; while others assert that it
is to join the squadron of Admiral de la Susse. There
is reason to believe, however, that the Egyptian fleet
will not proceed to any distance from the coast, and
that the chief object in sending it out is for exercise and
rasuceuvres."

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAI( 114'0IRNING, SEPTEMBER 6, 1842

ROYAL VISIT TO SCOTLAND.
We have accounts from -Edinburgh up to Satur-
day, from which we are glad to learn that her Ma-
jesty and Prince Albert were in excellent health and
spirits, and were highly delighted with the romantic
scenery around that ancient city. Her Majesty had
quite recovered from the fatigue &the voyage, and,
with the Prince, was enjoying herself in visiting some
of the places in the neighbourhood. The city was
illuminated in grand style on Friday night. The
effact, particularly the view of the Old Town from
Prince's-street, with ten thousand. lights shining like
the starry firmament, excited great admiration.
On Friday' morning his Royal Highness Prince
Albert, accompanied by his Grace the Duke of Buc-
cleuch, set off. from Dalkeith Palace to visit Arthur
Seat, and to contemplate from its lofty summit the
unrivalled view around. After this spirited under-
taking his Royal Highness and his Noble host re-
turned to Dalkeith Palace.
Throughout the day the inhabitants of Dalkeith,
and the immense- concourse of visitors who were in
that-town, were in the expectation that her Majesty
would drive abroad. They were not disappointed, for
at a little past four o'clock, her Majesty and Prince
Albert were seen issuing from the Dalkeith gate, in
a carriage and four; opposite the Royal pair, sat the
Duchess of Buccleuch and the Duchess of Norfolk.
A carriage and four followed, containing several ladies
of the Royal suite. The Duke of Buccleuch and the
Honourable Colonel Bouverie rode by the side of the
Royal carriage. Her Majesty looked extremely well,
and repeatedly bowed in return to the enthusiastic
cheering which greeted the Royal party in riding
through Dalkeith.
The, Royal party drove in the direction of Dal.
housie and Melville Castles, and returned to Dalkeith
Palace in about an hour, entering by the Edin-
burgh gate.
The following are extracts 'froth letters and the
Edinburgh papers, giving accounts of the illumination
and the beacon fires kindled on the hills throughout
the country on Wednesday night.
THE ILLUMINATIONS.
On Friday night the whole ofthis great city was illu-
minated in honour of the Royal visit to Scotland, and
certainly a mor:! splendid sight was never witnessed
'I hose who have only seen a public illumination of
the streets of London can form no idea of the gran-
deur of the effect produced -by an illumination of
Edinburgh ; not but that the variety and brilliancy
of the devices exhibited on such an occasion in London
on the fronts of the club-houses and public offices far
exceeds in detail and piecemeal anything that was
exhibited last night in Edinburgh ; but then the
general effect in London is vastly inferior, because,
from the locality of the streets and the flatness of the
general surface which they occupy, only small
portions can be viewed at the same time and from
one point of view; but in Edinburgh, a line of
illuminated houses forming almost three sides of a
parallelogram, and extending at least three miles,
viz., the whole range of Prince's-street and
the line of the Old Town, stretching from the rock
on which the Castle is built, and running eastward
nearly a mile, can be seen at one view by a spectator
standing on the Mound, by which the two parts of
the city are joined. In addition to this, the immense
height of the houses in the Old Town, lit from top to
bottom in every window, and the height of the hill on
which they stand, afford a coup d'ceil which for gene-
ral splendour of effect was magnificent and imposing
beyond what can be well expressed by any descrip-
tion. There were, moreover, some very good speci-
mens of variegated lamps describing crowns, wreaths,
the letters V. and A., some brilliant illuminated gas
stars and crowns, &c., and some well designed allego-
rical transparencies. George-street was very
fine, and so was St. Andrew's-square. In the
old city, the Canongate, the Lawn-market, and '
Bank-street, were equally good. All the public
institutions were brilliant with oil or gas. The
Exchange, the College of Justice, the Theatre, the Re-
gister-office, the Post-office, &c., all vied with each
other in good taste and vivid light. The banks and
club and assembly rooms were also good, and so in-
deed was every large and public building. There was
scarcely a house which was not.lit up in every win-
dow, whilst every empty house had a man stationed
at the door with a lighted torch. The general effect
was increased by the lighting up of Nelson's Monu-
ment, which blazed from top to bottom, and stood a
pillar of light overlooking the whole city, and by the
firing of salvoes and discharging showers of rockets
from the Castle, the old tower and turrets of which
were occasionally lit up with blue and red fires,
spreading an almost magic light upon the battlements
and embrasures, which were rendered as distinct as if
it had been midday. The crowds of people in the
streets were immense ; it was a living stream of hu-
man beings, all in good humour, and all actuated and
brought together by the best feelings of veneration and
loyalty towards Queen Victoria.
THE BONFIRES ON WEDNESDAY NIGHT.
Among the numerous modes by which the Scottish
nation are testifying their loyalty and affection to
their beloved Sovereign, none has been so grand and
_
magnificent, or on such an extensive scale, as the
large fires on the summits of the mountains. These
fires. mere all preconcerted. throughout Scotland, and
so judiciously arranged, as to take place simulta-
neously last Wednesday night, by which time it had
been confidently believed that. her Majesty would
have landed in her Scottish dominions. from the
state of the wind, that event could • not take place
until early on Thursday mornins. But the large
fires on the hills had a most splendid effect during the
night of the Royal squadron heating up the Firth
of Forth, and illuminated the waters during the
night, all the fires being visible by the squadron for
about fifty miles around. Their effect is stated to have
been magnificent, as bonfire after bonfire blazed forth
in streams of light to cheer and welcome the Sovereign
during the night, and served to lighten up the Forth,
and pilot the Royal squadron to their moorings near
Inchkeith. These large fires, therefore, served both
to welcome her Majesty during the night along her
Scottish shores, and illuminated and guided her course
up the Firth of Forth, the effect of which was most
imposing from the ocean. It may not be known to
all our readers, that these beacon fires, in ancient
times, were invariably used to raise the Scottish war-
riors to assemble in arms during the fierce wars that
raged between England and Scotland. The numerous
beacon fires on Wednesday night were lighted up as tes-
timonies ofjoy, affection, and loyalty. That on the rugged
and craggy top of Arthur Seat, which is eight hundred
feet above the level of the sea, was sublime, and, from
the darkness of the night, shed a flood of light over
the whole surrounding romantic and picturesque
scenery of Salisbury Craggs, and also to a very great
distance. Arthur Seat beacon was got up by the
Earl of Haddington, as Keeper of the King's Park. The
Noble Earl caused to be prepared the most splendid
fire we ever have seen blaze forth on that romantic
peak. This fire was erected on a circular area or
base, of which the diameter was 40 feet, and the
height of the pile varying from eight to ten feet. It
was composed of about 180 tar barrels, besides those
of turpentine, l 5 tons of coals, about 40 cart loads of
wood, besides tarred canvass, yarn ropes, &c.,
and was
seen about fifty miles distant. His Lordship's beacon
was the signal to the whole mountains within sight,whch in their turn telegraphed to more distant hills,
and thus the beacon fires were simultaneously kindled
throughout Scotland. From Arthur's Seat and the
Calton-hill, above fifty beacons were seen lighted up
simultaneously from
all round, taking their signals
the romantic peak of the Scottish metropolis. To
enumerate all these would be impossible, but we
may record some on this memorable occasion,
while to mention those in the distant counties is
impracticable. In Mid Lothian • there were Car.
nethy-hill, otherwise called Loga„ House-hill,
nearly 1,800 feet high, Capelaw-hill, about 1,600 feet
high ; Caerkelaw Craig, another high summit, all
on the Pentland Hills, the Braid, Blackford, Car-
berry, and Soutra Hills, the latter 1,000 feet high,
and Dalmahoy-hill. In East Lothian and Ber-
wickshire, Lammerlaw and Lammerinuir range
of hills, from Dunglas and Coldingham
, to their
termination .at Soutra-hill ;
a:raprane Law,
North Berwick Law, ssport, Ninewar Black
Castle, Garleton, and the Moorfoot Hills. in Lin_
lithgowshire, Binny Craggs and Dichinont Hills. In
Fife there were Kelly Law, Largo Law, the west and
eastern Lomonds, the latter being 1,700 feet above
the level of the town of Falkland, which is situated
at its base—Dunearn, Raith, Dysart, W
---inghorn, Pet ty-
cur, Burntisland, Dunfermline, Caroline Hill,
Salini
Hill, and along the whole high grounds near the
southern shores of Fife, the latter reflecting g a bright
glare of, light on the Forth. In Clackmannanshire were
visible Tullibody,Tulliallan, and packmannan's ancient
Tower. In Perthshire and Kinross-shire the Ochil
Hills, Fossaway, and Tulliebole Hills; and in tha
latter county the Cleish Hills, while it
—enartie Moun-
tain blazed a torrent of light from its
high summit,
and an equally dazzling beacon was on the crest of
Dumbegloe. In Peeble4shire was seen the Black-
mount of Walston ; while in Lanarkshire Cul-
terfell, one thousand sevea hundred feet above the
level of the sea, and Tintock or
-Into, which is
Gaelic, and means a The Hill of Fire," and the
Cairn on the top of which is elevated 2,400-feet
above the level of the sea, were even discernible,
spreading the tidings over that important county.
The above is a very imperfect enumeration of the
beacons within sight of Arthur's Seat, but to which
must be added the small isles in the Frith of Forth,
the beasons upon which cast a broad bright glare
over the waters. These and many more beacons of
loyalty and welcome formed a splendid galaxy, a
luminous tract, a combined radiance, the effect of
which cannot be described ;" but we may venture to
assert, that an equal number of beacons, and of such
size and on such an extended scale, never occurred
simultaneously in her Majesty's Scottish dominions.
REPORTED SCAFFOLD ACCIDENT.
We have seen a letter from Edinburgh,_ dated Sa-
turday, givingan account of some fatal accidents by the
fall of a scaffold on the Queens entrance into the

the immense multitude, the band playing " God
save the Queen." On the route up the cheer-
ing continued with some animation, and her Majesty
seemed quite overcome with the warm greetings of
the populace. The Queen remained in the Castle
about half an hour, viewing all the interesting me •
mentos with which it abounds. She seemed especially
interested with Queen Mary's-room, and looked ex-
tremely thoughtful during her stay in it. The Royal
pirty returned through the most public portion of
the new town, and amid the same gratifying acclama-
tions of her people.
The enormous gun termed " Mons Meg," and
which was present at various sieges in Scotland,
seemed to attract much of the Royal attention. All
the various e*ensive views were remarked on with
spirit and mirth in her discourse with the Prince, and
toe attending officers. Her Majesty also surveyed
the regalia, which had been removed from its ordinary
place of keeping to the officers' mess room. Through-
out the whole time of the procession the weather
continued fair, but soon afterwards set in wet.
IVe regret to say a serious accident occurred by
the falling in of an erection, by which 10 or 12 per-
sons have been much injured. With this exception,
all has gone off well.

c'ty, but have no doubt the account is greatly
iexag-
gerated, as there is not a word respecting it in any
Edinburgh paper, or in the letters of correspondents.
The only other reference to it is in a Glasgow paper
of Saturday, which is to the following effect :
" During the Royal progress on Thursday the fall
of a scaffold,, which had been temporarily erected
within the railing that encloses the nursery in the
North Loch, in front of Prince's-street, took place.
The scaffolding was about fifty yards in length, and
perhaps five or six in depth. At the moment our eyes
lighted on it, it presented a most frightful aspect. A
mass of human beings were thrown together in the
wildest confusion. So far as we could learn, no per-
son was killed on the spot; but the broken bones,
bruises, and other injuries, must certainly be of the
most serious character—we likewise saw several wo-
men, and also men, but chiefly the former carried out
on shutters, to all appearance dead. Many others,
whose damage was slighter, were carried off in cabs
rind hackney coaches."
HER MAJESTY'S PROGRESS
THROUGH EDINBURGH.
EDINBURGH, Saturday Night.
To-day Edinburgh has been the scene of Joyous
loyalty and delight. The Queen and Prince Albert,
accompanied by the Ministers taking the tour with
them, have gone through the city in procession. They
have met the joyful acclamations of a loyal people,
and the whole afthir has passed off in the manifesta-
tion of that true loyalty and devotion which the
Scottish people have ever been foremost to observe.
Almost from day-break this morning the people be-
gan to be astir in taking up their positions so as to
obtain a good view of the cortege, and at eight
o clock the streets were completely lined with people.
Tens of thousands flocked forth in their gayest attire,
and it is impossible to imagine a more lively scene
than the whole city presented.
Her Majesty was announced to leave Dalkeith
Palace at 10 o'clock : she reached the neighbourhood
of Holyrood about half-past 10, entering what is
called the Duke's Walk, and thence proceeding on-
wards towards the old town of Edinburgh. Both
sides of the Royal carriage, in which was seated the
Queen, and on the right Prince Albert, were well
guarded by the Royal Archers in their very beautiful
and appropriate costume. The Dragoons were at
the head of the cavalcade, and another company
followed behind. About half-past eleven o'clock a
Royal salute from the Castle announced their ap-
proach, and at this time the scene was most brilliant
and exciting. The Royal Celtic Society of Scotland
had taken up their position in the High-street, some
distance below the Castle, and in their splendid cos-
tume gave a great additional interest to the spectacle.
The Duke of Leeds, Christopher Campbell, of Islay,
and also the Marquis of Lorn, were amongst the gal-
lant tribe in full costume, and excited universal ad-
miration.
As the Royal procession came up the Canongate
the cheering was most deafening, and especially at
the Cross, where the Celtic Society were posted, to-
gether with the Magistrates, and where the city keys
were presented. At a few minutes before twelve the
Queen reached the barrier, and, stopping close to
where the Magistrates were stationed, was presented
byj the Lord Provost with the keys. His Lordship
thus addressed her Majesty :
" May it please your Majesty,
" On the part of the Lord Provost, Magistrates,
and Council of the City of Edinburgh, I beg to con-
gratulate your Majesty on your auspicious entrance
into this ancient metropolis, now graced for the first
tune for ages with the presence of a Queen.
" These keys, committed to us by your prede-
cessors, have been fondly retained by us amongst
the vestiges of those warlike times when walls
and gates defended against hostile inroads. Under
the protection, however, of salutary laws, firmly
administered by a succession of illustrious Mo-
narchs, from whom your Majesty is sprung, we
no longer require such shelter. We have the
happiness to confide the security of this northern
capital to a brave and orderly population, united in
their allegiance to their beloved Queen, and dignified
by the possession of that pure and peaceable wisdom,
which is at once the ornament and bulwark of our times.
" And now, with all humility, I deliver into your
Majesty's hands the keys of our city."
Her Majesty returned the keys, graciously replying
that they could not be in better custody.
This ceremony concluded, the entire procession,
joined by the Royal Celtic Society, the Lord Pro-
vost and Magistrates, &c., &c., proceeded up-
wards towards the Castle, amid the shouts of