The Sun.
London, England, 1842-05-07 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR.

The Queen and Prince Albert left Buckingham Palace at
a quarter before one o'clock yesterday afternoon in a carriage
and four, escorted by a party of hussars for Claremont. Their
Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales, the Princess Royal,
and their attendants occupied another carriage. Two carriages
and four followed, in one were Colonel Arbuthnot, Equerry in
Waiting on the Queen, and Colonel Wylde, Equerry in Waiting
on Prince Albert ; and in the other the Dowager Lady Lyttel-
ton, Lady in Waiting, and Lord Byron, Lord in Waiting.
Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of Cam-
bridge, visited her Majesty the Queen Dowager yesterday
evening at Marlborough House. Their Royal Highnesses and
the Princess Augusta of Cambridge afterwards honoured the
Countess of Jersey with their company. at the Grand Ball,
given by her Ladyship at her residence in Berkeley-square.
The Duke of Sussex visited the Queen Dowager and the
Duchess Ida, of Saxe Weimar, yesterday, at Marlborough House.
His Royal Highness also visited the Duke and Duchess of
Cambridge, at Cambridge House.
The Duke and Duchess of Cambridge visited the Duchess
of Gloucester, yesterday, at Gloucester House. Their Royal
Highnesses, and the Princess Augusta of Cambridge, honoured
the Italian Opera with their presence on Thursday evening.
Mr. J. Corry, from Queen's Camel, Somersetshire, had an
interview with the Earl of Ripon, yesterday, at the office of the
Board of Trade.

Despatches from the Governor of the Mauritius, and also from
the Governor of New South Wales, were received yesterday; at
the Colonial Office.

ROYAL ARTILLERY.

Lieutenant-General Lord Bloomfield, G.C.B. and G. C. H.
having expressed his desire to obtain from Mr. Jeffrey, the in-
ventor of the new composition for caulking and strengthening
ships—with which the experiments were made a few days ago
in the Marshes—some details of the nature of the materials and
the experiments which had been previously made before it was
tried by the Ordnance Department—Mr. Jeffrey attended on
Thursday at the Observatory, near the Royal Military Repository,
Woolwich, and at one o'clock Lieutenant- Geneve% Lord Bloom•
field, Colonel Paterson, Colonel Lacy, Colonel Cleaveland, and
Colonel J. E. Jones, Assistant-Adjutant-General ; Lieutenant
Colonel Dancey, C. 8., Lieutenant-Colonel Blaahley, Lieute-
nant-Colonel Jackson, Lieutenant-Colonel the Hon. W. Ar •
bothnot, Lieutenant-Colonel Chalmer, Major Sandilands,
Major Vaughan, Major Hope, Major Anderson, and Brigade-
Major Cuppage, Captain Bloomfield, Royal Horse Artillery;.
Captain Bent, Captain Grant, and a great number of the
officers of the Royal Artillery, assembled in the large room to
hear the explanations relative to this important discovery.
Mr.' Jeffrey commenced his details by exhibiting pieces of
copper covered wiah the composition, to show that it was
equally applicable to the preservation of metals from the
effects of salt-water as it was to wood, preventing, when
mixed with certain materials, the adhesion of barnacles or
other shell-fish, so injurious to wood or to copper when not
properly prepared, or which may, from -some unexplained
cause, have lest its power of protection from the attacks of
marine insects and shell-fish. A block was next exhibited,
fixed together, composed of three pieces, having on one side
of the centre-piece about three-quarters of an inch of the
composition, and on the other side a similar thickness of the
substance at present generally used for vessels in the naval
and mercantile service. This block had been submitted to a
pressure of twenty-two tons, to show the effect that would be
produced in very cold climates. The new composition, under
that pressure, retained its softness, but 'the present caulking ,
materials became as brittle as rosin, and could be broken into
powder by the slightest strain or sharp blow upon it, which
would have no effect on the new composition.' The two pieces
of teak formerly referred to as having been joined together and
tested with a strain of twenty-one tons, by the hy.draulic ma-
chine in the dockyard, were then exhibited, and It was aston-
ishing to witness the strong and sound iron bolts of I-3,-inch in
diameter, which had broken without the least symptom of
Ole material wiih which the pieces were joined yielding to
the great power applied with the object of tearing them
asunder. Another block, formed of three piece, joined
together, so as to present angles which would be sure
to give great force against the joinings- in whatever posi-
tion it might fall to the ground, was exhibited to show that it
had received no injury, althoic.;h it had been thrown from the
top of the shears in the Dockyard, 76 feet high, on the hard
granite below: During the time Mr. Jeffrey was making these
explanations, in order to show the quickness with which the
new composition could be made available, he joined two pieces
of wood with it, and another pi ice he brake aid fixed again in
its rough state, and in about fifteen minut, s he submitted
them for the purpose of being broken, which could only be
effected' by- breaking with a hammer the solid wood on each
side. At half-past three o'clock the whole of the Royal Horse
Attillery assembled in review order, and continued exercising
until five o'clock, several of his Lordship's friends being pre-
sent on the oceision.

INFANT ORPHAN AsYftm.--LlVe beg to call the
attention of the benevolently disposed to the'anniversary dinner
of that. very excellent and unique charity, the only one in which
the helpless infant is received when bet eft of parental care. It
has been aptly enough remarked, that this is in reality the
nursery of chanties ; and when we state that nearly two hon•
dred children are at this moment reared in it, whose very ex•st-
,etice nii;ht be justly doubted but for the kind offices of this
institution, and that infants six weeks old have been received
into it, we need not say much more. The Stationers' Com-
pany deserve great praise for having afforded the use of their
spacious hall on this occasion, when his Grace the Duke of
Wellington presides. The small annual subscription renders
it a charity that almost all may aid, and the list of stewards in
anotliWr' column of The Sun will show that men of influence
and rank have not been slow to take the lead.

The following amusing anecdote is related by the
.t
7ndependerit of Brussels. One of the copying clerks in the
Belgian war-office, more remarkable for his manual dexter:ty
than for the strength of his intellect, was desired lately to
make a fair copy of the petition of a widow of a general
officer for a perston. On coming to that -part of the petition
in whieh, speaking of the disease of which the general died,
' she had used the words " devore par tut cancer," the clerk,
finding the letters ce in the last word to resemble an a, wrote
canar, instead of cancer. The Minister, having read the copy,
sent for the clerk, ar.d good-humouredly pointed out to him
the word canar. The latter full of contusion. but as far as
ever from discovering his real error, exclaimed, " I beg pardon
for my bad spelling; I sec I have omitted the letter d," and,
taken his pen, he made the addition, thus representing the
deceased general to have been " devere par en canard " (de-
.vourcd by a duck instead of a cancer ) He then withdrew
leaving the Minister convulsed with laughter.
The sale of Messrs. Wigney's household furniture,
except so much of it as was lately found in Mr. George Wig-
ney's vaults and other places (which still remains an the cus-
tody of the assignees) terminated yesterday ; and, from what
we are enabled to collect, the auctioneer's return must be
;most satisfactory to the creditors. From the day the sales were
published Mr. Ridley's office has been besieged by applicants
for " tickets to view" the effects, and we are .assured that up-
wards of 5,000 persons were accommodated ; indeed the
several premises were thronged during the hours set apart
for the exhibition, nor did excitement cease with the " view,"
for on. each day the sale room was crowded to excess with.
persons of the highest respectability, and the biddings never
flagged, but a liberal competition was kept up from first to last.
Mr. Isaac Wigncy's furniture, fixtures, carriages, and
horses, realised upwards of 2,0001. ; aid Mr. Clement
lyigney's about half that sum. There remains for sale (ac-
cording to the bankrupt's statement before the Commissioners)
the furniture of a residence in Brunswick-square, let to Sir H.
l'alliser ; also several houses and parts of houses in Regency-
square, Ship-street, tee. ; and what will doubtless attract more
notice than anything e!se, the " hidden treasures," or the
" reclaimed" property, including the celebrated candelabrum,
a harp, and other musical instruments, a quantity of plate and
furniture, costly fancy ball and court dresses, jewellery, trin-
kets, &c. &T.—Brighton Gazette.

As it is very possible that the friends of some of
the captives in tffghanistan, in Port Baderabad, Loughance
Valley, may not have heard directly (rum them, it will be gra-
tifying to such to know that we have been favoured with the
perusal of a letter, dated Calcutta, IBth March, from which we
, make the following extract ;—" Major Pottinger's last letter to
Government stated they were allowed every indulgence, and
as'happy and comfortable as they possibly could be in a state of
captivity. They have received a supply of clean clothes, which
they were in the utmost need of, having lost everything except
what they had otitheir backs.'!.

OPf OU.R FINANCIAL
DIFFICULI lES.

The following is the remedy propoSed by General
Sir Gebrge Cockburn, and submitted to Sir It. Peel
in August, 1841, to which we lately directed atten-
tion:

Sir,—On the subject of our financial difficulties we
must recollect as follows :

1. The great public or national debt.
2. The interest of it, and the expenses of our civil,
naval, and military establishments, requiring such
great taxation that it is impossible to push it further
without an Income or Property- tax, which at 10 per
cent. during t!_c late war only produced 10,000,0001.
a year, and, at 5 per cent, (a large demand in time of
peace), it might possibly' be estimated at 5,000,000/.
but if it produced that, those who had to pay it must
and would dimish their taxable expenses, in short,
would be obliged to do so, for I take it'as an axiom,
that taxation, including poor and county rates, &c., is
almost at a maximum.

3. Our expenses, from various causes, are every
year increasing, and our 'revenue diminishing.
4. The Government, or the nation, owe the
Bank of England £11,000,000
Bank of Ireland 3,000,000
Savings Banks...
Outstanding Exchequer Bills
The deficit legacy lef tby the Whigs 3,000,000

Total £30,000,000
We must now consider the paper money in circu-
lation, and payable on demand, or convertible into
g 01.4, viz. :
Bank of England £16,615,000
Ditto, private banks (England) .. 8,614,132
Ditto, joint stock (England)
Bank of Ireland
Private and joint-stock (Ireland) 3,000,000
Banks of all sorts in Scotland 4,000,000
The deposits also payable on demand
on the Banks of England and Ire-
land

Total £52.133,896
I must observe here, that in 1794, according to
Lord Hawkesbury's secretary, Mr. Chalmers, the cur-
rency is stated at '20,000,000/. gold and silver, and
bank notes payable on demand 60,000,0001. Total
in circulation, 80,000,0001. ; and, as Paine observed,
enough to overpower the credulity of the most stupid
man, for the banks could not pay even one half-crown
in the pound on one-third of that sum in hard cash.
The Bank of England return above is to the 25th of
May, 1841, pursuant to 3d and 4th William IV., and
the others from returns in 1836 ; and within the last
five years the coining of notes has much increased,
and therefore we may estimate the total paper circu
lotion in England, Ireland, and Scotland, at the fright-
ful fictitious circulation 50,000,0001. (mind, notes
only, not other liabilities) ; to deal with which,
By the return in May last, the Bank of
England had £4,921,000
The Bank of Ireland, and all other
banks, we may estimate as having, pos-
sibly,

1,500,000

Total £6,421,000
I have gone through two large volumes, viz. "Re-
ports of the Secret Committees, ordered by the House
of Commons," and before I proceed to my remedy, or
possibly only palliative, I beg to call your attention
to the following remarks of the said Committee:—
" It was under the consideration of your Committee
whether the law and the practice which they have de-
scribed did not require the interposition of the Legis-
lature during the present session ; they have been led
to decline pursuing this course, because their inquiries
are incomplete, and because they feared that more in-
convenience might have resulted from an imperfect
measure, than from allowing the evils of the present
system to continue.
..The right of the Legislature to
interfere, not only in respect to banks to be established
hereafter, but in respect to existing establishments
also, is a principle which your Committee are prepared
to assert in the strongest manner."
It is plain, from the above statement, that the na-
tion depends on millions of paper currency nominally
convertible into gold, but fortunately not asked for in
any considerable quantity, the public having still a
confidence in paper, notwithstanding its enormous
quantity and many failures.
Paper riches is a delusion which cannot last for
ever, and the amazing increase 'of the paper currency
now in circulation exposes England to a tremendous
bankruptcy, and has also the effect of banishing real
money.
If we touch on Bank deposits, and such liabilities,
I dare say they would say they had securities.to more
than the amount ; but the reply is, how much of them
could be realised, if the Bank were seriously called
on to pay in coin ?
As to any.evil from my remedy, it can only affect
monopolists ; and unless the Government deal with
the national debt as they ought, and with a master
hand, and with moral -and political courage, no re-
medy can save the nation, now so embarrassed, I may
say, in almost every point with difficulty.
The Government ought at once to dissolve its part-
nerships 'with the Banks of England and Ireland, and
the. Treasury ought to entirely manage all the money
concerns of the nation, and particularly as to coining
or making a legal currency, whether of gold, silver,
paper, or all. .To enable it to do this, it must pay the
debt due to these two Banks, and which amounts to
14;000,000/. sterling, and which I shall presently
show can be done ; next, as the Crown is constitu- •
tionally the coiner of the nation, if we must have
paper coin, it should be a national one, and not by
companies, who get all the profit instead of the Go-
vernment. Moreover, a national currency would be
safe, whereas that of bankers is very unsafe.
I propose, therefore, an Act of Parliament to make
Company whatever to issue
aitnyillenga for
otel
payable any an
on
nkg demand;
from and after a day to
be named ; and as . to all outstanding Bank of Eng-
land
that from and after
and penal to issue or
sixl nd
In oro
nI rt lsa ni dt
sib' ootnelsd,
bt
eo enact,
traffic with them, and the same as to all private banks
in four months. •
_ _

Next, to enable the Lords of the Treasury to issue
30,009,000/. of notes as follows, and to make them a
legal tender, and which would enable them to pay
their debts stated to the Banks of England and Ire-
land, and savings-bunks, and take up the 11,000,0001.
of Exchequer-bills out, and the Whig deficit legacy
of 3,000,0001., and this currency being made a legal
tender, the banks would so far pay their liabilities
with it.

It would, be taken for taxes, it would, in fact, be a
loan of the nation to itself without interest, and would
surely be preferred by any one to any banker's notes.
Of course there should be provision against any larger
issue without consent of Parliament, and there might
even be a bona fid,e sinking fund of 1,000,0001. a year,
not a humbug one to keep up the price of stocks, but
to bona fide pay oft so much every year. I would
issue as fellows—no note for len; than 5/.

:£. x.
Notes of - 5 Notes 0f...... 200
Ditto
Ditto
Ditto,
Ditto
Ditto
•

TheSe notes to be issued so as most convenient, and
making in all 30,000,0001., and those of 1,000/...0r
upwards to be on parchment.
At present, even with the quantity of paper 'money,
the complaint is that our circulation . is too small,
though I prove it to be a paper one of 55,000,0001. ;
and, if we prohibit all this by banks of all sorts, and
give it to the nation,
.it would be an issue of sound
paper; and if 20,000,0001. would not be sufficient,• as
the currency would be lowered by 20,000,000/., then,
to please Mr. Attwood, and others, let Government
issue 20,000,0001. more, and with it pay off' so much
of the debt ; thus the nation would de facto have
a large loan paid up in full, and no 60/. or 701. to re-
ceive 1001. and interest; and on this alone there is a
gain of 30 per cent, to the nation, and thus the nation
would be rolieved from so much taxation, and it is
vain to expect much higher.
As I have shown the circulation to be in England,
Ireland, and Scotland 44
were abolished, a
000,0001., if all other notes
but those issued by. Governmentcurrency of 30,
-,0,000i. might bethought too small,
and if so, it would
on
'be, easy to issue the 20,000,000/.
more, and pay off' so much of the debt. with the same,
but certainly not at par ; paid at 80 per cent.,• or
.
choice of reduced interest, it would clear 0ff30,000,000/.
at all events, and I contend that whatever paper money
is in circulation it
ought to he a national, one, i. a. by
the Government ; and whatever it is, it is equivalent
to a loan without interest, and one paid up in full.
No doubt, my remedy may appear to be a very bold
one,. but the times and circumstances of the' country
require such, and if we'go on (though badly) with a
very doubtful paper currency,
I ask would not a
strictly national one
be preferable ? I may be told
that this is coming again
what can I propose if every, one
legal tender ; and also,
one runs to the Treasury
for gold? I answer, as
.
they do not do so now to the
banks, as is notorious (though we have such a, paper
currency, and issued by 100 different companies, is it
to be believed that they would do so for a limited and
certain one of 30,000000/., or even 50,000,000/. of
Government paper ? Besides, though I would make
the notes legal tender, I would make the .51., or pos_
sibly the 101., to be paid in coin on demand, and if
(as we see) the Bank of England alone Can'mect the
demand of payment in gold for their 17,000,000/. of
paper out, which-bv law at present they must pay in.
cash if demanded, it would be strange indeed if they
would do so-to the Treasury.
I am now, as you will perceiVe, meeting objections.
Bankers are all paper monopoliSts, and very clan-
gerous ones • for, after all, who kno*S how much
they coin ? .
The Bank of Irel and, carries on thiS trade by steam,
and a very nice•machbiery it is, and a bank-note for
500/." or 1,0000/. is ks easily coined as a 11. note.

An outcry against my proposal will be as certain
as the sun's rising, but what of that ? We are to con-
sider the interests of the nation, and not that of indi-
viduals, and most of whom (private companies) never
paid one-third of their nominal capital, held out, in
truth, to.gull the people, and it may be called dis-
graceful and dishonest to permit such trading, and to
-such an extent, with a fictitious capital.
By a return made to the Stamp-office in 1836, there
were 89 joint-stock banks in England, and 24,915
partners in them. To prevent them and all banks
from issuing paper money any longer, is; after all,
only taking from theta the power of coining, which is
the prerogative of the Crown, and if they choose to
coin gold, making - the sovereign of only half valde,
they would be guilty of felony, although in issuing
such coin they might pay 10s. as 11., whereas they
now coin a thing and call it a, pound, that is in reality
of no value whatever. And if any one choose to
apply this to a real natiotial paper, such as I propose,
my answer is, it is as secure as the funds, whereas, in
point of fact, all the banks in England might become
bankrupt without the nation being in difficulty. If
the above-mentioned joint-stock partners and pro-
prietors of banks in England and Ireland amounted to
30,000 individuals, and were ruined by not being
allowed to coin in future, is that any reason why the
nation is to be ruined, to enable those persons to spe-
culate, to coin, and furnish fictitious money, in order
to keep up monopolies, and thus plunder the people ?
I say, no; and let those bankers be what they ought
to be, care-takers of deposits and discounters (but
with national money)---in short, what bankers were
fifty years ago, and as Messrs. Coutts, Snow, Child,
and very many hankers now are—real bankers, nut
coiners.

It would be cruel now to indict them as coiners,
and they are probably protected by some Act of Par-
liament or other yet coiners they are to all intents
and purposes, and of very base money.
It may be thought that if my plan were adopted,
or, in other words, in plain English, no paper money
allowed but that actually issued by the Government,
what will you do as to post-bills, with which they
might still inundate the country? I answer, under
strict regulations post-bills are an accommodation,
and could not well be done without ; but as to any
dangerous issue of them, if the Solicitor of the Trea-
sury does not know how to draw up an act to prevent
it, fie is very unfit for his situation, and there- are
plenty to be got who, no doubt, are as able as they
would be willing.
The nation requires a currency of far more than
can be supplied in metallic currency, and whatever
must be made in paper must be in future strictly
national, and only issued under the authority of the
Crown and Parliament, and by the Lords of the
Treasury, who are to be responsible. If it is con-
tended that in some measure my proposal is a return
to legal tender, the answer is plain :—The nation has
not gold and silver enough to carry on its trades,
&c. ; •of course some paper must be issued; then if
we must have one, is it not better it should be a
national one, than by companies or individuals ? and
such ought to be a legal tender, and if not made so
the bankers would declare a regular paper war against
the Treasury ; but the exchanges will also be brought
into the field by the opposers of a Government issue.
But I cannot see cause why a nationel issue of paper
should. affect them more than what I may call the
present private one does. And as to the nation pay-
in.. 30 000 0001. of its debt to the Bank, &c., as stated,
in paper, it must be recollected that the loan or ad-
vance was in paper, and the paper I would pay them
with would enable them so far to pay their debts to
others.

I now end as I began—no longer any partnership
between the Treasury and the Bank of England.
I am, Sir, your obedient servant,
G. COCKBURN.

DONATION TO UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE.

At the distribution of prizes to the 'students of the Faculty
of Medicine if University College, which took place on Satur-
day list, Lord Campbell, who presided, announced to the meet-
ing a donation by Lord Brougham, of above one hundred
books, printed by the Government press at. Cairo, which
had been presented to his Lordship by Mehemet Alt.
The letter of Lord Brougham, which accompanied the dona-
tion, and which, with the exception of the first sentence, was
read by Lord Campbell, was as follows :
"My dear Lord Campbell,—l am happy to find that you
have undertaken to preside at the University College to-
morrow. You have, indeed, from its foundation been a steady
and a useful friend to that Institution.

I take this opportunity of requesting that I may be allowed
to present to the College a collection of books which the
Bashaw of Egypt did me the honour to send me about
eighteen months ago. They are a set of the works, above
a hundred in number, which have been printed at the Go-
vernment press of Cairo ; and the catalogue of the greater
put of them, which you will receive to-morrow morning,
shown that they relate to various branches of the arts
and sciences, and letters. I feel assured that his Highness
will think I have employed his gracious kindness in the
manner most useful to us, and most honourable to him
when I make these volumes accessible to students who
can turn them to account. That Sovereign has always shown
strong disposition to cultivate a good understanding with this
country as far as our policy would allow him, and he has, I be-
lieve, without any exception, been favourable to a friendly in-
tercourse with our countrymen individually. That he stands
eminently distinguished among eastern princes by his exertions
for the ducation of his people, these works serve clearly to prove.
1 may add, that not more than six or seven appear, by the
translation of their titles, to relate to military subjects. Be..
heve me, ever sincerely yours, H. BROUGHAM.
" Grafton-street, April 29, 1842."

A JUMP FROM A RAILWAY TRAIN.—While a train
on the Glasgow and Ayr Railway was coming towards the latter
place one day last week, and when on the highest part of the
embankment between Kilw inning and Irvine, a man, who was
a passenger in one of the third-class carriages, asked a fellow
traveller when it was likely
.the train would arrive at Kilwin-
ming. He was told he had just passed it. " What ! past Kii7.
winning am I.! Glide faith, if that be the case, I'm land
eneugh here." So saying, he fastened his skull-cap firm on
his cranium, buttoned his coat, and, in spite of every remon-
strance, leaped over the side of the carriage, at the Steepest
part of the embankment, nearly forty feet, down which he
rolled like a ball, casting a series of not the mostgracsful
mersets, while the passengers in the train were in great terror
lest he had killed himself by his rashness. He, however,
found his level, v, here he was accosted by a labourer in the
adjoining field, who inquired if he was hurt. " Hurt! no an
inch o' me atwcel," and givinz his jacket a shake or two to de-
prive it of the dust which it had collected during his de cent,
he stet-wed off across the field, exclaiming as he went—alluding
to the train now in the distance, "'That wad be ago indeed!
You haulin' me on to Irvine, and me dressed and a' for our
weddin' at Kilwinnin."—Ayr Advertiser.
Last week, the'James Watt steamer, disembarked
at Havre a curious cow of the short-horned breed. It pre-
sents the remarkable p.culiarity of being without hair, and
having a covering similar to the skin of the elephant, with the,
forehead defended by a sort of horny substance. This animal
is a native of Sierra Leone, and has been purchased from the
Surrey Zoological gardens for the menagerie in the Jardin-des-
Plantes at Paris. One of the men belonging to this establish-
ment took charge of it on its arrival, as well as of a broad-
striped tiger cat and a kangaroo, which were sent at the
same time.

Our readers will remember, that about three
months back, there was.discovered in the ruins of a convent at
Madrid a body which, although interred two centuries ago, was
in so perfect a state from having undergone some process of
embalms sit, as to have been regarded by the owner of the
place in which it was found and by the piddle of Madrid as a
valuable curiosity. A person was placed to watch it, but it
suddenly disappeared, and a ridiculous rumour prevailed
that the man in charge of it had been bribed by the British
Ambassador to convey it to his residence, to be from thence
forwarded to England. We are now informed by the Madrid
papers that the missing treasure has been found in the posses-
sion of an old man and his family, in a house on the banks of
the river, Nervion, and that the intention of these per.ons, in
obtaining fraudulent possession of the body, was to take it to
England through France, showing it on the way to the curious
for money. It is stated that the lid of the coffin bears the
name of Dona blanca de Oliveros, who died in 1640.
NEW SALMON BILL.—The Bill introduced into
Parliament by Mr. Ellice, jun., provides, we utVerstand, for the
anomalous case of the rivers Ness, Shinn &c., where, owing
to the water proceeding from deep lakes, and b. info of a
warmer temperature, clean fish abound at a very early period
of the season. The best salinou we found in the river Ness
abount Christmas, yet we are not allowed to begin fishing before
February ! Mr. Ellice proposes to give the proprietors of the
fishiugs the power to regulate the period of fishing, provided
always that the close time shall be of a certain fixed duration,
to preserve the breed of salmon.—lnverness Courier.
AMERICAN COTTON TRADE. —A statistical table of
the cotton manufaetnres of the United States show an immense
increase in the period between 1831 and 1840: that in capital
having been 7,299,317 dollars ; that in factories 198 ; spindles
; yards of cloth, 182,668,129 ;, pounds of cotton,
45,095,824; value of manufactures, 18,2,30,143 dollars ; hands
employed, 4,589; and amount of wages paid, 857,912 dollars.
In the imports of cotton goods there had been a corresponding,
decrease ; the general result showed that they had not increased
with a decreasing and low tariff, while home manufacture had
increased 75 per cent., although the population had increased
but 33 per cent.
DINERS OUT, BEWARE !--111 •thc Court of tl
Jute-rle-Paix, last Monday, was heard rather a singular case,
in which plaintiff and defendant were both English. The
plaintiff had stood godfather to the defendant's sister, and was
on habits of intimacy with ,the whole family; the consequence
was he frequently dined, particularly on the Sunday, with
the defendant. In return, he sent vegetables and fruit
from his garden to the lady, and she and her young friends
visited sometimes the garden, and took tea there. The
old gentleman being gallant, and considered wealthy, no
doubt a codoca in his will might remunerate for dinners
or little attentions. In the meantime, however, the
lady could not wait for the will, and, by way of instal-
ment, borrowed 250 francs which were cheerfully lent.
'rime pass:d on, but there seemed to be no hurry to re.
turn the 250 francs, when the old gentleman having a bill to
pay, took the liberty of writing first and calling afterwards for
the money. His surprise may be imagined when the lady put
into his hand 200 francs and a bill for 50 sundry dinners, teas,
and glasses of brandy and wafer taken at her table. But the
gentleman had livrd too long in the world to be done in such a
manner ; remonstrance was useless, the lady was positive and
determined, therefore he summoned her before the Juge-de-
Paix, who, after hearing both sides, decided, as the lady neither
kept an hotel nor boarding-house, she must repay the 50 francs
and pay the expences.—Boulogne Gazette.
THE HARWICH ELECTION PETITION.—The petition
against the return of the two Tory Members for Harwich, on
the usual grounds of bribery, treating, &c., has been with-
drawn, under circumstances which, acquainted as we are with
many of the facts that would have been established in evidence
against the sitting Members, we greatly• regret, although we
can well understand the desire which the• petit loners would feel
to avoid the immense expense of prose using the petition. The
Tories were too well aware of the fate which awaited them to
allow the case to proceed. It is, we understand, arranged
that Major Beresford shall immediately accept the Chiltern
Hundreds, and Sir Denis Le Merchant be elected in his stead
without opposition.—Evening .Paper.

iirroittf')libition

SUN OFFICE Three o'clock.

The vast number of murders that have been committed
in the metropolis within the last few years, casts a great
stain on the country, and ought to teach humility to those
who boast of the superior civilisation of England, as
compared with all other nations. While slanders and
calumnies,'not twelve months ago, were heaped upon the
Irish people by certain writers in London, charging them
with murders and cruelties—and Spaniards and Italians
in the same spirit of national prejudice have
been stigmatised as assassins—deeds have • been'
committed here which make the blood run cold. As-
sassinations have become frequent, murders of the
deepest die have been pepetrated, one-third of
the murderers yet remaining undiscovered ; and what
shows their great cruelty, many of those atrocious
crimes have been committed against helpless women, by
the persons bound to protect them. This was the case
with GREENACRE, BLAKESLEY, GOOD, and several
others, showing a depravity and unmanly violence rarely
surpassed.. The case of the wretched man COOPER, now
in course of examination, is of a different kind, but it is
almost unexampled for reckless, wanton disregard of
human life. He murdered one fellow-creature on the spot,
seriously, and perhaps fatally, wounded another, and it
was from no want of will on his part that many more
did not fall victims to his savage disposition. These
are certainly ominous symptoms of the present state of
society, and, from whatever cause arising, inflict a great
disgrace on. the country. It singularly enough occurs,
too, at a time when.more noise is made. about Church ex-
tension, religious meetings, and Sunday travelling than
at any former period—when Sunday schools are held in
every village, and assemblages collect all over the country
at stated periods for humanizing and converting to the
Christian faith people of every clime. Enormous sums
are sent out of the country yearly for these purposes.
Might they not be better spent at home in encouraging
education, promoting industry, and preventing crime?
Something must be done to abate this great disgrace, or
England will become a reproach and a bye-word among
all nations.

Lord BROUGHAM has brought in a Bill to give pro-
tection to witnesses examined before Committees of the
two Houses of Parliament, respecting bribery at elec-
tions. The Noble and Learned Lord, like every person
who pays any regard to the corrupt state of the
representation of the country, is alarmed at the
frightful extent to . which this moral pestilence is
spreading. We have serious doubts, however, as to
the efficacy of his Lordship's Bill as a remedy for the
evil. We doubt whether any laws could be framed
which would check bribery under the present state
of the elective franchise. The incentives are
too great and the facilities too numerous for
legal hindrance. The best way to check bribery is
to begin by extending the franchise. Household
suffrage, or the adoption of a knowledge qualification,
would inflict a mortal blow upon bribery. The next
best step to be taken, but here Lord BROUGHA3.I does
not agree with us: would be to adopt the Ballot ; and
. finally make Parliaments triennial. Without these
there can be no end to bribery. As to Parliamentary
Committees, they are notoriously incompetent to act as
tribunals to decide upon election returns. It matters
little therefore, what protection they can give to wit-
nesses called before them.

M. TRIERS' organ, the Constitutionnel, declares that
much as France is benefited by peace with England
she would prefer war to the ratification of the right of
search treaty. If such be the case the treaty will never
be ratified, for we would rather abandon a thousand
such treaties than go to war about them. But why not
allow the whole question to drop ? The great bulk of
the people of both countries-know nothing whatever
about it. The longer discussion of it can only tend to
create a bad feeling between nations whose interest it is
to live in the most perfect amity. Besides, why is Eng-
land blamed about this treaty ? The National knows
that France was the first to propose it, that it was drawn
up in conjunction with her, and that she was as
earnest as England in wishing to obtain for
it the sanction of the other Great Powers.
For our own part we Speak the ' more freely
because, from the first, we doubted the policy of such a
treaty. More reflection has increased these doubts.

Right of search treaties never can put down the slave
trade, nor can such.search be enforced without inflicting
grievous injuries upon commerce. It is on this ground
alone that we are opposed to the right Of search. As
to the nonsense about the insult offered to the flags
of independent States, we diSmisS it at once with con-
tempt. Where the right is common there can be no
.insult in its exercise by any individual State, though
there may be great inquisitorial wrong. We would a
thousand times prefer seeing the treaty burric:d by the
hands of the common hangman, than hear of one life lost
in enforcing it.

The follewing extracts from the French journals in-
clude all that, they contain of any interest. Thursday
being the feast of the Ascension was observed as a holi-
day in all Catholic countries. There was therefore no
Bourse, But as there is no holiday for the newspapers,
they, of course, appeared as usual. SOLOMON says that
there is a time and a season for everything under
Heaven, save sin. Had newspapers been in circulation in
the days of the wise Monarch of Israel and Judah, we
have no doubt that he would have added that there was
neither time nor season for editors and printers of
daily papers knowing fatigue, and taking a holiday.
The firce quarrel between the French Church party
and the University has been re-kindled, by • the ad-
dresses to the KlNG—that of the Archbishop of PARIS
especially. The University party quote the KING'S
answer to their address, in which. his MAJESTY boasts of
having reared his sons at the common college. To this
.the Univers replies as follows :

We were amongst the 400 school- fellows of the young
Princes, and ran tell how equal and common was our lots. The
Princes came in the morning with their preceptor, in their car-
riages, to the luxurioucly furnished private rooms fitted up for
them at the college. There they learned their lessons. They
came down to class five minutes after the other school-boys, and
withdrew five minutes sooner, and always to their private
room. 'The Princes dined with us, but always on
dishes prepared and reserved exclusively for them,
acid which we envied prodigiously. The Princes very
seldom came to the play-ground; and, if they did, it was
only to take a turn znd be gone. And when they did,, the
twelve or fifteen boursiers, sent by the King gratuitously to
college, formed a little court around them, and kept off us pro-
fane. As to the common benches, on which M. Villemrin in
his speech places the King's sons, that is a figure of rhetoric.
The Princes were kept as much apart as possible. It was but'
the name of public education. As to the Duke of Orleans, he
has avowed, in a well-known letter to Beranger, that his only
Jessons in politics when a youth were derived from the poet's
songs.
The Semaphore of Marseilles contains the following from
Naples, April 28: —"'l he post -sffit e trt sty between France and
the '1 wo Sicilies only waits for the King's signature. The
Duke of Montebello will take it in a few days to Paris; the
ratifira inns will be exchanged in two months, rnd it will
be in full operation in October 1. The complaints made by
Holland and Belgium relative to the losses experienced by
different capitalists of these two nations in the affair of this
Tavoliere di Puglie, have been submitted to the mediation of
the Holy See. France also interpo'es, but only as a friend.
There is no doubt that this affair, wbich at first had a threaten-
ing aspect, will be arranged justly and satisfactorily.' The
marriage of the King's sister, the Princess Therese, with the
young Emperor of Brazil, is regarded as concluded. The
Count de Rayneval, first secretary of the French embassy at
Rome, has just left fur Sicily. After a tour of a fortnight cr
three weeks, he will resume his duties at Rome."

A letter from Constantinople, April 17, in the Sud of Mar-
seilles, says :—'• The customs of Constant;nople have been put
up to public competition. A friend of Izzet Bey, the Sultan's
present favourite, and the protector of the Gf and Vizier, offered
ten millions of piastres more than they yielded last year, under
the farmer-general Tahir Bey, one of the most influential
personages in the empire. Tahir Bey naturally could not
offer more than he had brought to the Treasury for this
branch of the revenue during the great number of years that
he has carried it on. It would have been owning himself
guilty either of extortion or of bad administration. The
struggle is still ,ffoing on, sod no person van say who will be
the victor ; but Tahir Bey is possessor of immense riches, and
it is thought that he will succeed through the influence of the

cat
du
cast).

Sultana Valide.- Riza Pacha pretends to be ind:sposed, and
goes rarely to the Palace. The influence of the Grand Vizier
continues to be great. The Sanitary Council is engaged in a-
dispute with the Grand Vizier. This latter ordered the laza-
retto to b 3 evacuated, in order to quarter some troops there.
fhe Ccuncil of Quarantine protested against this, and- it is not
yet known how the dispute will terminate."

DISFRANCHISING TARES.--Mr. T. Duncombe, with
that attention to the interests of the electors which dis-
tinguishes him, last night induced Sir Robert Peel to
give his consent to introducing a clause into the Pro.-
perty-tax Bill—if that shall be necessary—to prevent:
the Bill operating, on the score of not paying the taxes,
as any additional means of disqualifying the electors.
This is the beginning of that opposition which must arise
whenever the tyrannous measure comes into full opera-
tion on the decayed and decaying resources of the people.
Even Sir. Robert Peel was obliged to confess last night,
in the HOuse of Commons, that his hopes of the revival
of trade in the spring had been disappointed. On the
decaying resources of the people, he, however, is laying
additional burdens.

MEETING IN DEVONSHIRE.—A county meeting Will
be called in Devonshire to take the Members to task for
supporting Sir Robert Peel, and voting for the Income-.
tax. We have a hand-bill lying before us, signed " A
Devonshire Freeholder," which says, "our County Mem-
bers have most shamefully neglected our interests." It'
describes the Income-tax " as rascally and tyrannical,
imposed to keep up foreign wars ,in India." We
learn from a Correspondent in Exeter that the bulk of
the farmers in Devon are arrayed against the oppressive
measures of the Government. In Exeter, it is added,
passive resistance is rapidly organizing, and it is pro-
posed to defeat the intention of the Premier, by refusing
to make any returns, and allowing the bloodhounds to
distrain the goods. In that case, if put up to auction,
no one would buy, and, like John Hampden with the ship
money, passive resistance would dofcat the tyranny of
Government. A fund is to be established to repay the
losses of those who may suffer by this scheme, and ono
auctioneer has declared publicly that he will not soil
the goods distrained.

THE TARIFF.—The Customs Acts were read pro
forma last night in the House of Commons. and a Com-
mittee on them appointed for Tuesday, The Tariff will
then be discussed.

We have just seen a copy of Messrs. Longman's cata-
logue of books for the year 1842, which contains works
in all departments of English literature, classified; and
with a general alphabetical index. The full titles, sizes,
prices, and dates of the last editions are also given, so
that the Catalogue is as complete as a thing of the sort
could Possibly be.

MONEY and COM M_E R I. NEWS
CITY, QUARTER TO THREE.
The Bank broker has again been operating to-day, and the
prices of Consols have further declined, being 924 92 for
Money, and 923 for the Account. Three per Cents. Radueel
911; Three-and-a-Half per Cents. Reduced 99a; New Three-
and-a- Half per Cents. 1001 ; ,Bank Stock, 168 ; India Bonds
20 21, and Exchequer Bills 38 39 prem.
The only transactions in Foreign Securities,- have been' in
Dutch, Two-and-a-Half per Cent 5..53 ; the hive per. Cents:
101 i ; and Brazilian 78.
Railroad Shares are heavy, and with little doing. Edin-
burgh and Glasgow, 55 ; Manchester and Leeds-, 87;' Northern
and Eastern, 4a; South Eastern Scrip, 2* pram. ; South
Western, 63 ' • and Brighton, 364, the- Loan.notes, 8.
The Bonds and Buenos' Ayres, 23; Mexican, 333- ; Peru-
vian, 18119* ; Spanish Fives, 23k, and the Threes, 22i.
Papers four days later from the Mauritius have been re-
ceived, but contain no further information. c,

Accounts from New Zealand afford information relative to a
now settlement at Manukao. The first immigrants, principally
from Scotland, arrived there on the 27th of November, in
good heal4h; and, on landing, eitpressed themselves highly
delighted with the location which had been chosen. .The en-
trance to the port was found to be easy of, access, and in the
worst channel, by which she entered, the vessel beat through
with a foul wind, and found plenty of water. The inhabitants
of Auckland viewed this settlement with much satisfaction',
justly concluding that as it advanced so would their prosperity
increase.
A sale of Crown lands was to be held at the commencement
of February ; the lots would average one hundred acres each"
and be put up at 1/. per acre.
The intelligence from the island generally appeara to be very
favourable.
PRICES OF SHARES THIS DAY AT
RAILWAYS. raid. . Per Share. •
Cheltenham and Great Western. 724...... I to
Edinburgh and Glasgow
.50
London and Brighton
Ditto Loan Notes 74 8
London and Greenwich • 124..... oa to
London and South Western 385 63 to '
Manchester and Leeds
Manchester. and Birmingham ... 40
Northern and Eastern
South Eastern and Dover ... 50
Ditto Scrip 5 ...... 745 ... to
RICES OF IRISH STOCKS, DUBLIN, MAY 5.
3 per Cent. Consols
Three and Half Stock 994 ' Grand Canal Stock. ..... Ditto Reduced ...... Ditto Debs. 6 percent...
Ditto New 1830...
34 per Cent. Debs.
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET has been dull all the week.
and prices of the middling and lower qualities of American
about an eighth less ; in other respects there has been I)°
change. A fortnight since it was hoped that a permanen",
improvement had commenced, but this has, in a great measure'
disappeared, for the present at least. Speculators and exporters
are now doing but little, the latter havincr, taken 800
' Aone
rican and 200 Madras, and the former LA) American. „„i
sales for the week amount to 18,530 bales. ' The quantl
taken for consumption between the Ist of January and the the
of May in the present year, has been 371,500 bales; innaja
like period of 1841 it was 345,000 bales, of which East In the
has increased from 30,000 to 47,500 bales. The exportj The
same time of 1842 has been 27,300 agalnat. 8,600 in nd
quantity imported this year has been 667.100 bates,„l.„,
415,941 in 1841; and tae' stock on hand on the - 6th of
'I 'Jr
was computed at 597,500, an increase. of 170,000 bag, °v
1841.:The average weekly consumption shows an improvement
of 1,372 bales, being now 20,638 bales per week.
LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET closed heavily, with 'very littls
business having been done in any kind of stock. Eastern Coals"
ties have slightly declined,. the new shares being Si. 6s. Bd.'
Liverpool and Manchester, 1874 ; London and Birminghal
paid up 321. shares, 6051 North Midland Halves, sod
South Eastern new shares, 34.
1114,14clizszEit STOCK EXCHANGE, MAY 6.—We Cap -
:rtt
report any material alteration in our market. Manchester and,:
Leeds, 87-to 88; Ditto New, 384 so 39; Manchester and, Or'
mingham, 29 to 291; South Western; 64; South- Eistera.
(New)s34 to 4 premium.

LLOYD'S SHIPPING-(THIS
LONDON, MAY 7.—Wind this day at noon, Westerly. '
MARGATE,MAY6.--The Elizabeth, Btirnett, from Guernset
to London, .was assisted off Foreness Rock this morning, 3"..t,
brought into the harbour leaky, and with damage.
DEAL, MAY 6.--Wind W. S. W. fresh.—.Arrd. Tigrls'ot
Mauritius ; Silvia, Sierra Leone ; Thomas Henry, Churn',"
ward, Calcutta; Janet, Goldsmith, Cape ; Tropic, Clark.
Barbadoes. Arrd. from the River and sailed, Sultan, 11001/4A
Town ; Prince Albert, Cape. Remlins, The Lively, for ik1e1.,,,f
Bay. Put back, General Palmer, Ascension.
PORTSMOUTH, MAY 6 —Wind W. N. W. strong and squally''
—Arrd. Circassian, London, for Montreat;% Orbit; • ditto, fq,, •
Quebec. Sid. H. M. S. Benbow, Eastward. • Arrived v"
Isabella Blith, Lane, Mauritius.
COWES, MAY 6.—Arrd. Guernsey Lily, Le Bug, WO;
Dos Amigos, Rentina, Havannah.
OFF DARTMOUTH, MAY 2.—Yari, Mauritius ,
Hever, Johansen, Porto Rico, for Hamburgh ; Copernien't
Probst, Nevi Orleans, for Bremen; Brit'sh King, Hurton ,
New York.• fin. ditto ; Adelar, Smith, 'Batavia, fur -Hotter..
darn ; Vigilant, Eckert, Port au Prince, for Llamburgn
Washington, New 'York, for ditto.
BRISTOL, MAY 6.—Sid. Ann, Prince Elward's Island.
PLYMOUTH, MAY 6.—Wind N. W.—Arrd. Star, Sellervl
Messina ; Jane, Ancona. Arrd. off, Fortune, Sierra Leone.
STANGATE CREEK, MA y 5. —Arrd. Glengariff, Sullivan,
Jamaica; 'Eliza, Lawry, Mor)adore. ,r"
FALMOUTH, MAY s.—Wind W. S. W. to S. S. W,, fresh 4,
brdezes.—Aird. Ann Eliza, Cape Hayti; sailed 3d Ulf.
LIVERPOOL, MAY 6.—Wind W., moderate.—Arrd. Co-
rinha, Wilmot; C: lcutta ; Rushton, Arica ; Courier, ; !
Fisher, &Ake, sailed 30th March ; Enterprise, Duckin, .
Nevis; Carter, Rennie, St. Domingo; Mountaineer, Palestine,
Parthenon, and Mila, New Orleans; Hogarth, Ellen Nero,
Shlannon, itannia, and Ellen Bryson, Mobile ; Ninian,
Lindsay, Si. Joseph's; Glengarry,. Savannah; Alexander,
Edward, and Elizabeth, Charleston; Helena, Hoaker,.Halifas'• .0,
Sld. John tabby, China; Coolock and George Glen, 3101'
trail. Put back, Arctus, Valparaiso. The Swanton, front
• - !;#
Mobile, dia not arrive as reported. 1
OFF DOVER, MAY 6.—Gilbert Munro, Nicholson, Maori'
tins; Not ma, Robertson, Belize.
YARMOUTH, ISLE OF WIGHT, MAY 6.—Arrd. Inglis Ira"-
port, London, for Bombay.
WAIIisEA„ MAY 6.—Arrd. Sunbeam, Dury, Helen Hard)",
Smith, and Alexander Robertson, Harrison,
.Cuba.
DUBLIN, MAY 4 —Arrd. Hugh, Smallmen and Ellen,
Rots, Trinidad. '"

tivEnroot, MAY 6.—The Kestrel, arrived
,yesterdiy PO'
LiMa, brings about :).00,000 dollars on freight. . •
WORKINGTON, MAY 4.—The Philomela, Sprott, was.tq.retia:
froth Monte Video on or about the 16th ult., for the
Kigdom.
'rfosbi't
KINGSTOWN MAY 5. —Arrd. Thomas Dempsey, -
for Liverpool. •
Coax-, MAY s.—Arrd. Horsford, Byers, Buenos Ayres:
Henry Bell, Hood, Laguna ; Scipin, Henderson, diitosailed
2tqh March. Sld. Mary Caroline, St. John's, New 13runswiek.
Arid. off, William Glen Anderson, Giiles, Savannah and Ber-
muda, in 29 days ; Eur Ope, Honduras, and sailed for London.'

THE MARKETS.-(THIS 'DAY.)
i .. WHITECHAPEL MARKET. '
' he supply nas very moderate, with a good demand; little
l'
• ation in prices, except in beef, in which there was a decided ,-./
rovement....Beef, 2s. Bd. to 3s. Bd. ; _Mutton, 2s. &I. to
iVeal, 2s. 4d. to ss. ; York, 2s. Bd. to 4s. 6d. ; Lamb,
Sd. to 65..41.,C10ver, 2/. 7s. to 5/. Bs. ; Hay, 21, to 4/. 45.:
t.w, I/. 12s. to I/. 16s.
TEA MARKET.
le large public sales that are declared for next week
ied bu)ers to operate with caution ; and the market was
but prices were sustained. Company's Congou:ls. 944-1.,

. .
1 TALLOW MARKET. There was was a fair business transacted at full rates. EY'
Candle on the spot, 465. 3d. and 48s. 6d. for delivery in the
last three months of the year. .. ,
•
' • • SPlfitr MARKET.
There was little business transacted in the Rum Market, but
pries were sustained. Proof Leewards, 2s. 43d. to 21. sd•
Brandy firm, and wanted.
WOOL MARKET.
Prices had an upward tendency, and a good businesi vod
transacted in both English and foreign, at firm rates. Arrival':
come in slowly from all parts.

:.~
".ad

. ._.
, - ---------,- --- 1-
~j
GENERAL ELPHINSTONE. '
The follrea-ing is an extract from a letter written by Colonel •;i
oi
Cuieton, of the 10th Lancers, and dated Meerut, March IS :I- ofi
ll Through the kindness of a friend I have rein a confidential :off
letter containing an extract of a dispatch from the late EtlY°l,; "01
Major Pottinger, dated January 30, and which says, . You wi"-
,o,
be glad to learn, that so far from blaming Elphinstone for vfillit . ,1
has' occurred, he al ogether exonerates him :10
, and wishes thi9 ' I,1
fact to be made known to Government ; for the noble courage tit
and resignation with which the General bears himself undert,':o'
sue a load of mist rtune and physical suffering (an attack ,20 V 4.41
the unwic gout in the joints of each hand, and shot through the : '-,
but ork) nifike a mans heart bleed ?fir him that he shoula WI!
li
A cep fated to hold such a continent" when so incompetent from
disease.. and vvt,undort so badly.'
n " The above is an extract from Major Pottinger's lettert. ~-d
-;
the;' one communicating. it sa-ys, 'NMI can of course carnatuar
cat c what I give you rogarthirk ElphinitOne 'to •
hiS friend C';',l,
Cuteton, who I know has the General's credit greatly at lieatt.

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