The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-05 00:00:00

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LONDON :

MONDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 3, 1842.

INDIA AND CHINA.

By the Overland Mail from India received
on Saturday by Extraordinary Express from
Marseilles, we have received letters and papers
From Bombay of the nth July, from Calcutta of
the Bth, and from Ceylon of the Ist of the same
month ; from Candahar of the 19th, and from
Jellalabad of the 26th of June ; and from China
of the 27th of May. They afford a complete ex-
-position of the lying and dishonesty of the
officials connected with the workingathe French
telegraph. Instead of the news from Ai glian-
istan and China being most disastrous, as re-
presented for vile stock jobbing purposes by the
rench authorities, it is upon the whole exceed-
ingly avourable. If Lord ELLENBOROUGH ever
really intended to abandon Affghanistan in the
disgraceful way pointed out in the last over-
land dispatches, his Excellency has abandoned
that design, and has ordered an army of reserve
to co-operate with the force in Caubul, to be
formed in the district of Sirhind, under the im-
mediate command of Sir JASPER NICOLL, the
Commander-in-Chief. This army is to consist of
9-0,000 men, and to be well provided with stores,
ready to push at any moment wherever their ser-
vices are most required. General POLLOCK
remained at Jellalabad, waiting for the arri-
val of camels, which were on their way to him.
His men were suffering from heat, but not to the
dreadful extent reported. The troops were on
good terms with the natives, who supplied them
tolerably abundantly with provisions. Our ex-
tracts from letters from Jellalabad will show that
General POLLOCK was master of the country
for ten miles around, and that the detach-
ments sent out by him defeated the enemy in
every direction. The Affghans had made a
daring attack upon the fort of Khelat-i-Ghilzie,
but on the 21st of May they were gallantly re-
pulse dby Captain CRAIGIE. Their loss was con-
sidera Lble. Nevertheless, it was judged necessary
afterwards to evacuate that fort, in order to in-
crease General Noyes division at Candahar. •
On the 529th of May an immense rebel
force, under the command of several
chiefs, attempted to capture the city of
Candahar by surprise, knowing that the
garrison had been weakened by a detach-
ment, under Colonel Wymna, being sent to chas-
ti•oe the Ghilzies. The enemy were gallantly
autacked by General NOTT, who sallied out of
the city to meet them, and by whom they
w ere quickly dispersed, with great loss. Our
fly loss in Affghanistan is that of the Balla
issar, which is reported to have been stormed
at :d taken by AKBAR KHAN in person. In blow-
up the tower, by which an entrance was
erg 'acted, a great number of the KHAN'S followers
we. re killed, owing to their unskilfulness in firing
the trains. Another rumour stated that the
Ks•tN was made prisoner in the. town, which, if
true, would be of the utmost importance.

General PoLLock- was joined at Jellalabad by
a rt inforcenent of 7,000 Sikhs, sent by the Go-
vernanent of Lahore. This attests the good faith
of the Ruler of the Punjaub, and will add greatly
to the moral influence of our army in Affghanis-
tan. POLLOCK was meditating a march upon
the city of Caubul, the scene of our
sad reverses in November last. As the
distilce was only ninety miles he felt con-
vinced that he could accomplish it without
much difficulty. A simultaneous movement
from Jellalabad and Candahar could very well
be made with a certainty of success, and yet
leave in these cities garrisons strong enough to
defend them against any force at the disposal of
the Afghan chiefs. Such is the substance of the
news from Affghanistan, which, upon the whole,
is so favourable as to warrant the conviction that
our arms will yet be more triumphant in that
country than they have been at any moment
since. the accession of the unfortunate Shah
Soowt. In saying this, we but express what
we believe will prove a fact, without offering any
opiniol 2 as to the sound policy of the war from the
communcement. That is a different question
altogether.
We have more decidedly favourable news from
China. The British troops under the command
of Gen eral Sir H. Govan and Admiral Sir
W. P ARKER having, on the 10th of
March, defeated the Chinese army, com-
manded by General Yirl, and taken the city of
Chinl Lae., marched upon the city of Tsekee, near
which another Chinese force of from 8,000 to
10,000 m men were strongly posted on some hills,
commanded by Generals TwAx-Yuxo. YANG,
and Clio°. Arrangements were made for
an ELM( :k in three columns, two of which were
gall ant ly led by Sir H. GOUGH and Sir. W.
pAR;xx in person. Nothing could exceed

the bravery of the troops. They contrived 1
to surround the Chinese, and quite be-
wildered
them. The carnage was dreadful, i
being more a butchery than a battle. Ignorant
of the laws of civilized warfare the poor
creatures knew not how to surrender, and were
massacred. Not less than a thousand
of them, including a great number of
Mandarins, were killed, or drowned in
the canals ; whereas of the British troops
only three were killed and twenty-two wounded.
The encampments, and such of the buildings as
had been occupied by the enemy, were burned,
and the grain magazines thrown open to the po-
pulace, who speedily emptied them. On the
16th the force moved to the Changki Pass, in
the hopes of destroying the remaining divi-
sion of the enemy and capturing the treasure
chest. A three hours' march brought the column
to the foot of the hills, where they found the
position a remarkably strong one , dispositions
were made to attack it, but as they advanced
they perceived that the enemy had retreated,
taking with them their guns and treasure. The
works and neighbouring buildings were destroyed,
and after a two hours' halt the troops returned ,
to Tsekee, which they reached at night. All
the villages on the route were deserted. The
conduct of the troops is spoken of as most
orderly and forbearing throughout. On the 17th
the whole force returned to Ningpo. The Se-
sostris steamer had been despatched to Amoy to
bring up 300 men of the Royal Irish from thence.
It was currently reported at Canton that
the EMPEROR, rather than await a visit from
General Sir H. GOUGH and Admiral Sir
W. PARKER at his Palace at Pekin,
had preferred retiring beyond the Great
Wall with his family, considering himself to be
much safer in Tartary than in China. His
Celestial MAJESTY before going was graciously
pleased to command his loving subjects
to fight away, promising that if they killed all
the barbarians he would return and rule them
as before. Such Imperial condescension must
be very gratifying to them. We quote from the
Canton Press the latest news from China:—
FLIGHT OF THE EMPEROR.

We learn on good authority that the Emperor, appre-
hensive of a visit from the English to Pekin, has retired
into Tartary, and has, before his departure, magnani-
mously issued proclamations to his people, enjoining
them to defend themselves to the very utmost. We
wonder what the people will say to be forsaken by him
whose duty it is to protect them—such pusillanimity
deserves that the people should throw off their allegiance
to a Prince who seems so little deserving of it.
The transports Thames, Roberts, Percy, Maria, have
arrived at Hong-Kong. Her Majesty's steam-vestel
Vixen, passed through the roads here on Thursday last,
only six days from Singapore. Only part of her letters
and those per Medusa have yet reached Macao ; and we
are among those who have not received as yet any letters
or papers. Her Majesty's ship Cruizer, has, during the
week proceeded to the northward.
At length we learn that some tidings have been received
from Captain Denham, of the brig Ann, which we stated
some weeks since to have been cast away on the Island of
Formosa, and her crew made prisoners by the Chinese.
Captain Denham writes that, up to the 10th of April, the
date of his letter, he (Mr. Gully) and crew were kept by
the Chinese in four different prisons, not far from the sea
side, almost opposite to Chimoa, and very severely
treated. We hope that her Majesty's ships of war will
be able to do something for their release. We have
heard nothing of the shipwrecked crew of the Nerbudda.

Her MAJESTY and Prince ALBERT landed at
Granton Pier at an early hour on Thursday, and
passed through Edinburgh, on her way to Dalkeith
Palace, at half-past nine. Great preparations had
been made for a national display on the occasion.
Galleries and booths had been erected on the line of
march ; the Provost and Magistrates had made every
arrangement to give her MAJESTY a hearty welcome
on entering her northern capital; but from some
strange mismanagement, the day which was
looked forward to with such interest, and
expected to be one of unmingled rejoicing, ended
in deep disappointment. By the advice, we sup-
pose, of her courtiers, her MAJESTY left the Pier
much earlier than was expected, the inhabitants were
taken completely by surprise; nay, even the civic
authorities were kept altogether in the dark as to the
Royal movements ; but on the announcement of the
procession they assumed their official robes, sallied
forth to the barrier to present the keys of the ancient
city, and on arriving there learned, to their utter as-
tonishment, that the QUEEN had already passed. In
order, however, not to be altogether distanced, they
joined in the chase, drove as fast as the horses could
gallop, and after several desperate efforts to overtake
the procession, they at last reached the Royal car-
riage in breathless haste, and received her MAJESTY'S
gracious acknowledgments. We know not who is to
blame for this wanton affront to the citizens of Edin-
burgh. The Chief Magistrate, but the day before,
after an interview with two of her MAJESTY'S Mi-
nisters, officially announced that the QUEEN would be
prepared to adopt any arrangements as to her pro-
gress through the city, that would be most gratifying
to her loyal subjects; yet, in defiance of this, the
procession starts at an early hour without their
knowledge, and hurries on to its destination,
allowing the Lord Provost, Bailies, Councillors,
and fifty other dignitaries, only one solitary glimpse of
her Majesty before she reached Dalkeith Palace. All
accounts agree that the QUEEN looked well, and was
delighted with the enthusiastic congratulations of the
multitude in the streets, but viewed with amazement
the vast preparations made for her reception, while
nearly one half of the seats in the galleries were empty.
The result altogether, is to be regretted. It has
given great offence to the inhabitants, and such ex-
citement prevailed against the Duke of Buc CLEUCH, that
he found it necessary to have the protection of police
constables in passing through the city. The utmost
reparation, however, was to be made. A grand
procession was to take place this day, from Holy-
' rood to the Castle, like that on the visit of
GEORGE IV., and a drawing-room at Dalkeith
Palace, on Monday ; but, unfortunately, insults of
this kind are considered rather intended than acci-
dental, and are not soon forgotten.

Since we noticed the article in the Journal des
Debuts, which epigrammatically ascribed the
distress of England to foreign and rival nations
borrowing our arts and raising up manufactories
against manufactories, we have cast our eye over
the returns of our foreign trade. We find from
them that in the years 1829 and 1840 the declared
value of our exports was to_Russia, respectively,
1,435,8051.-1,604,742/.; to Sweden, 38,2522-
119,425/.;toN orway, 64,2341.-78,0164.toDenmark
95,2471., 201,402/. ; to Prussia,lB9,oll/., 219,3451.;
to Germany, 4,475,5551.-5,498,459/. ; to Holland
and Belgium, inclusive, 2,050,0141.-4,296,476/. ;
to France, 491,383/.-2,378,149/.; to Portugal,
1,195,6751.-1,110,244/. ; to Spain, 861,6751.-
404,2521.; United States, 4,823,415/.-5,283,020/.
These States comprise the principal, and, we
believe, with the exception of Switzerland, with
which we appear to have no direct trade, all the
countries of the world which can be considered
in any way as rivals of England, to have bor-
rowed our arts, or to have established manufacto-
ries which have interfered with England in sup-
plying their wants. At the same time, it is well
known that the price of most manufactured articles
since 1829 has fallen considerably, so that the
declared value in 1840 of any amount represents
a greater quantity than the same declared value
in 1829. Which, then, of these countries, is it
which, by dispensing with our commodities, and
manufacturing the same articles for itself; has
inflicted a heavy blow on the trade and manufac-
turPs of England ?
Is it France, a rival country certainly, and an
eminent country—a country growing in wealth—
in which the Government has done all in its power
to encourage native manufactures ? -Why, that
country took, in 1840, nearly five times as much
of our commodities as in 1829. Is itGermany,which
we rejoice to xnow is making rapid strides in manu-
facturing industry ?—Germany, notwithstanding
that League, which ignorant persons amongst
us continually revile, took from us one-fifth more
in 1840 than in 1829? Is it Holland and Belgium ?
Look, reader, at the official returns, and you will
find that our exports to Holland and Belgium
have more than doubled in eleven years. The
only countries with which in that period our ex-
ports have declined are Portugal and Spain,
which have made, we believe, little or no pro-
gress whatever in manufacturing for themselves,
and certainly can in no sense be said to be rivals
of England. Those returns, far from giving us

any reason whatever to be envious and jealous of
the increasing manufactures and wealth of fo-
reign European nations, show clearly, and dis-
tinctly that as they have increased in wealth,
like France, Germany, Belgium, and Holland,
so has our trade with them increased, and so, we
are sure, it will increase. With Portugal and
Spain, which have not attended to manufactures,
and which have been engaged in war, our trade
has lessened.

As there was this gradual increase in our trade
with nearly all the world, up to 1840, and we
have no reason whatever to suppose that it has
since declined, our readers may ask whence can
have arisen the present distress 1 These returns
partly explain that. While our trade with almost
all other countries has been progressively in-
creasing, with the United States it has been
subjected to most extraordinary fluctuations.'
From nearly 5,000,000/. iu 1829, the value of
our exports to that country rose to upwards of
9,000,0001. in 1831, and sunk to 5,400,0001. in
1832. From that period it rose gradually
to 1836, when the value of our exports
was 12,400,0001., and in 1840 it had again
sunk to 5,283,0001. Our prosperity was indi-
cated by the exports, amounting to 12,000,000/.,
on the continuance of which the manufacturers
counted and made their arrangements accord-
ingly; our adversity is indicatedby the 5,283,0001.,
which falls more than a half below their hopes
and expectations; while the amount of employ-
ment they can give the people engaged in sup-
plying that market, now falls more than a half
below its amount in 1836. In the great fluctua-
tions of our trade with the United States, into
the causes of which we do not now trouble our-
selves to inquire, lies the explanation of our pros-
perity in 1836, and our distress in 1842.
1 The figures we have referred to, are, we think,
full of hope for our country. In spite of Corn-
laws and timber duties, and other unjust and un-
wise enactments here, and in spite of numerous
restrictions on trade abroad, the commerce of
England with the world has gone on steadily in-
creasing. It has increased most, too, with those
countries which, like herself, are addicted to
trade and manufactures; we therefore see in the
progress of other nations, unlike the Journal des
Debats and our own Tory Journals, the assured
and certain sign, if our own Legislature will
only allow us to share the advantages of other
nations, of the continued progress in wealth and
prosperity of our native England.

We refer our readers to another remarkable
Police case, which came before one of the Clerk-
enwell Magistrates
.on Saturday. The lady
who was taken into custody, it appeared, was
highly respectable, and, from all accounts, had
committed no offence. Mr. COMBE, consequently,
dismissed the charge. Five persons, however,
who witnessed the conduct of the policemen,
considering it unwarrantable, followed them to
the station-house ; and, according to their so-
lemn asseverations, gave no interruption what-
ever to the police, but were, nevertheless,
attacked by them, and treated with great
brutality. Two policemen told a diffe-
rent story; and the Magistrate preferring
their evidence to that of respectable citizens,
fined them in sums varying from 20s. to 40s. It
will be remembered that two policemen, em-
ployed at Kennington-common, swore, on a
recent occasion at Union Hall, to what they
called facts, but which Mr. TRAILL declared to
be falsehoods, and, disbelieving their testimony,
the Magistrate fined one, and severely repri-
manded the other. In the occurrence which
gave rise to the proceedings at Clerkenwell, the
policemen, according to the Magistrates decision,
were evidently in the wrong. Might not that
have excited some doubts in his mind as to their
credibility in the second instance, and made him
inquire why five respectable individuals should
take the trouble of going to a police-station in
behalf of a woman, about whom they knew no-
thing, except that they saw her ill-treated by a
policeman ?

We have received Madrid papers of the 26th ult
The following extract from the Eco del Comnzercio
which gives the following details of the march of the
Spanish troops towards the frontiers of Portugal, is
the only point of interest :
Two companies have left Valmojado, to place them-
selves under.the Commander of the line of Estrernadura.
Colonel Saginito has received orders to march with his
squadron to Fort Lapicke ; another squadron is to leave
Ciudad Real, for the same destination.

General kahy set out with his corps on the 21st.
The Commanders of the line at Andalusia and Estre-
madura are to act in concert with General Mahy, in
pursuit of the banditti and the smugglers.
The Journals of Barcelona are of the 20th. The
Llohregat had overflowed its banks and inundated a
great part of the province.

The ordinary Express has brought to hand the
Paris Papers. Subjoined are extracts :

The temperature had considerably fallen in Paris.
The highest point to which it attained on Thursday was
62 of Fahrenheit.

The Court of Assizes of the Aveyron has just con-
demned a Polish refugee, named Thomas Ociepski, to
death, for the murder of one of his fellow countrymen.
A curious scene took place at the sitting of the Per-
manent Court Martial of Paris on Monday. The bayonet
of one of the sentinels in the body of the Court having
caught in the curtains which surround the King's bust,
a host of bats flew out. The sitting was suspended, as the
bats came from time to time almost in the faces of the
Judges, and a chase was commenced. In a short time
six of the poor bats were killed, and the others sought
safety by flying out of the open windows.
BOURSE—PARIS, THURSDAY, SEPT. 1.

First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French 5 per Cents 120 10... 120 10... 120 ... 120
4 per Cents 104 50... 104 50... 104 50... 104 50
3 per Cents 79 25... 79 25... 79 10... 79 10
Bank of France 3257 50...3257 50...3257 50.. 3267 50
Laffitte Bank I,ooof 1035 ..1035 ...1035 ...1035
5,000 f 5045 ...5045 —.5042 50...5042 50
Belgian Fives lO2/ ... 103 ... 102/ ... 103
1840 lo4* ... 1041 ... 104 ... 104
Spanish Active 2IA ... 21i ... 21i ... 21}
Neapolitan... lO7 ... 107 ... 107 107
Roman
RAILWAY SHARES.
Versailles, R.B 282 50... 282 50... 282 50... 282 50
L.B lOO ... 100 ... 96 25... 96 25
Rouen . 540 540 ... 540 ... 540
Orleans. 568 75... 570 •• . 568 75... 570

Strasburg to Bale 203 75... 203 75... 202 50... 202 50

ST. MARTIN'S CHURCII.—The workmen employed
in taking down the steeple of St. Martin's Church have
accomplished their labours, and began on Saturday to enter
on the reconstruction of it. About forty-five feet have
been removed, at which point the electricfluid was found
to have passed off. The stones of the steeple were dis-
covered to have been in a very shattered state. One
which had been removed from its position was about two
feet six inches long, and projected the whole length, with
the exception of about an inch and a half, and if that had
fallen out several others would have followed. Several
of the stones will be rechiselled and again put up, but
the greater portion will consist of new Portland stone.
They will be joined together by strong cement instead
of mortar, with which the steeple was formerly con-
structed, and slate dow is will be used instead of cramps.
It is expected that the steeple will be rebuilt in the
course of six weeks. Since the gilt ball and vane were
removed they have been measured, when it was found
that the- latter was 8 feet four inches long, and the ball
about three feet in diameter. The bar of iron, i$ nearly
20 feet long, and weighs 11 cwt. The stones that formed
the late steeple, though they have been there 130 years,
with the exception of their external surfaces, are but little
damaged by the hand of time. As they are taken down
they are placed together as they were situated in their
separate courses in the steeple, so that comparatively
but little trouble will be had in the re-erection
of the steeple. The height of the scaffold from
the clock is about 220 feet. The same tradesman,
Mr. Hemmings, who was appointed by the Sun Fire
Office to repair Brixton Church, after it was da-
maged by lightning, is employed in the reconstruction
of the steeple.

SPORTING INTELLIGENCE.
HARTLEPOOL RACES.

The Hart Stakes of 5 sovs. each, and 20 added, the second
to save his stake. Heats, one mile and a half.
Mr. France's Hard Bargain, 4 yrs 1 1
Mr. Humble's Bush Ranger, 5 yrs ...(disqualified) 2 2
Mr. llepple's Lady Flora, 4 yrs.
The Stewards' Purse. Heats as above.
Mr. Lamb's Sambo Sutton. aged
Mr. Allen's Margrave, 6 yrs . 2 1 2
Mr. Itietc2lrs Donna Maria, 4 yrs 3 dr
The Tradesmen's Plat,.' by Subs. of 2 sovs. each, with
151. added, the second to receive 61. Heats as above.
Mr. Hepple's Lady Flora, 4 yrs
Mr. Allen's Margaret, 6 yrs 4 2
Mr. Metcalf's Donna Maria 2 dr
Mr. T. Walker's bl. c. by Muley Moloch, 3 yrs 3dr