The Sun.
London, England, 1842-12-05 00:00:00

ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED in ALL THE TIIREE PAPERS, Morning, Noon, and Night, thereby insuring a TOWN and COUNTRY CIRCULATION,at ONE CHARGE.

EASE IN WALKING.
WM. BADDELEY, of 130, STRAND, is in-
duced to give publicity to his much-admired PRE-
PARED LEATHER (so noted for extreme SOFTNESS and
DURABILITY), in consequence of the patronage he has re-
ceived, and the general satisFaction given by him in manufac-
turing the above into BOOTS, &c., on his peculiar fitting
principle of combining elegance with ease. An extensive as-
sortment of best made articles always ready on sale. Esta
blhhed SO years.
No. 130, Strand, corner of Waterloo-bridge, London.

ROYAL POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTION.
The COLOSSAL ELECTRICAL MACHINE, ex-
hibiting the ♦aried and beautiful phenomena of ELECTRIC
LIGHT, the AURORA BOREALIS, Sze , &c., is shown
Daily at Three o'Clock and at Eight in the Evenings. To the
enlarged DISSOLVING VIEWS a View of Ramsgate Har-
bour, with vessels in motion by the introduction of a novel
mechanical arrangement, has just beep added. POPULAR
LECTURES by Dr. RYAN, Professor BACHHOFTNER,
and other Lecturers. DIVING BELL, DIVER, .rvc. To
the COSMORAMIC VIEWS shown in the Evenings, three
beautiful additions have been made. Conductor.of the Band,
Mr. Wallis.—Admission, One Shilling. SchOols,

MO BE DISPOSED OF, a small BOOK-
SELLING and STATIONERY BUSINESS, in a
fashionable part of the West-end of London. Connection
respectable, terms moderate, and immediate entry.
Apply to T. S..R , care of 111 r. Varty, 31, Strand.
MD SOLICITORS, TRUSTEES, a,le_
quate Douceur will be given to any Lady or Gentle-
man having the nomination to any Irish Agency, on the ay-
p6intment of the Adiertiser; who is fully equal to the duties
of Land Agent, and who can give ample security for any trust
reposed in him.
Letters, addressed to S.W., Post-office, Dublin, will be im-
mediately attended to.

THE CHINESE BAND MARCH as performed
en the glorious ratification of peace with Great Britain,
concluded by S r Henry. pottinger, arranged for the Pianoforte,
by H. B. RICHARDS, with a splendid Lithographic Fron-
tispiece, by Brandard, containing a distant view of Nankin,
price 2s. fid.
A " PIECE of CHINA," comic song, composed by Loo
Choo Bang Jang Sing Song, with a most Splendacious Litho-
graphic illustration of the Emperor of China and his Court,
price 13. 6d.
London : Published by Leoni Lee, 48, Albemarle-street,
where may be had Hart's celebrated Chinese Quadrilles,
price 4s.

'ECHO des FEUILLETONS, Journal Anee-
I Idotique et Litteraire, ou Welled de Nouvelles Contes,
&c., extraits de la presse conteniporairte. The second part
of the new volume of this interesting work, containing forty -
eight pages of closely printed letter-press, in double columns,
is now on sale, price Bd., by Joseph Thomas, 1, Finch-lane,

" L'Echo des Feuilletons" is published on the Isth of every
month, and each part contains the substance of an ordinary
volume. It is the cheapest work published.

DR. CHANNING.
This day is published, price Is. 6d.,
AN ATTEMPT to DELINEATE the CHA-
RACTER of the Rev. WILLIAM ELLERY CHAN-
NING, D.D., of Boston, in the United States of America.
lately deceased, as a Writer, Philanthropist and Divine : in a
SERMON, preached in the New Gravel-pit Meeting-house,
Hackney, on Sunday, Nov. 13, 1842.
By ROBERT ASPLAND.
With an Appendix, consistiug'of Extracts. from Dr. Chan-
ning's Works, and Notes.
London John Green; 12i, Newgate-street.

'HAVER StTPER§EDED, and those • corrosive
and injurious metals called Nickel and German Silver
supplanted by the introduction of a new and perfectly match-
ess ALBATA PLATE. C. WATSON Cite ALDER-
MAN), Nos.-41 and 42; BARBICAN, and No. 16, NOR-
TON FOLG ATE, aided by a person of science in the amik
gation of metals, has succeeded in bringingto public notice the
most beautiful article ever yet offered : possessing all the rich-
ness of Silver in appearance—with its durability and hardness
—with its perfect sweetness in use—undergoing, as it does, a
chemical process, by which all that is nauseous in mixed metals is
entirely extracted—resist'ng all acids, may be cleaned as Silver,
and is manufactured into every article for the Table and Side-
board,
s. d. s. d.
I
Table Spoons and Forks, Sauce Ladies ..... 1 9
per dos
Dessert do., per doz l2 6 Gravy Spoons.-- .... .3 6
Soup Ladles 6 6
C. Watson begs the Public will understand that this metal
is peculiarly his own, and that Silver is not more different from
Gold, than his metal is from all others ; the Public will there-.
fore have no difficulty in discovering the animus which directs
the virulent attacks made against him, by a party who is daily
suffering from the unparalleled success which has marked the
progress of HIS New Plate since its introduction. C. W.,
unlike this party, courts comparison; feeling confident that the
result will establish its pre-eminence.
41 and 42, BARBICAN, and at 16 NORTON FOLGATE.

39, ALBEMARLE-STREET, PICCADILLY, (directly
opposite the York Hotel), and
76, KING WILLIAM-STREET, CITY.
IGHT AND HE ARING.—TE STI MONIAL S.
" The Messrs. S. and B. SOLOMONS' Newly-invented
SPECTACLE LENSES afford astonishing relief to extremely
'mperfect vision—We give them the decided preference to
every other kind of Lens—the clearness of the transparency
brings every object very distinct, and enables individuals to view
the most minute particle with perfect accuracy. They are
particularly pleasant by candle light, as they appear cooling to
the sight, and soften bright and brilliant lights :
James Blundell, Esq., 1, Great George-street, West-

minstor.
George G. Sigmond, Esq., M.D., 2-1, Dover-street;
I'. J. Pettigrew, Esq., Surgeon, F.R. S., Saville-row.
John Ramsbotham, F.sq. , M. D. , Broad-street- building s.
Anthony White, Esq., Surgeon, 3, Parliament-street.
John Hooper. Esq., Surgeon, 29, Newington-place, Kennington
Frederick Leighton, Esq., M.D., 7, Upper Gower-street.
Messrs. Griffiths and Duncan, Surgeons, 3, Leadenhall-street.
W. Day, Esq., Surgeon, lsleworth:
T. Daldy. Esq., Surgeon, 33, New Broad-street.
R. 11. Lucas, Esq., M.D., Exeter.
J. Taylor Gordon, Esq., M.D.
Wm. Bowie, Esq., M.D., Bennett-street, Bath.
C. Heywood, Esq., M.D., Blandford.
Henry Lawrence, Esq., M.D., Tenby.
Vm Jeafreson, Esq., urgeon-oculist,2l, South Audley-street.
S .D. Robinson, Esq., M.D., Cheltenham.
C. Shillito, Esq., M.). , Bri ;hton.
William Conolly, Esq., M.D., Cheltenham.
PI H. Allnatt, Esq., M.D. Walli3gford.
homas Willis' Esq., M.D., Brig tton
Griffiths, F.sq., Surgeon, Hammersmith.
John Kenderiek, Esq., Surgeon, Manchester-street, Manches
ter-square.

CharlesTunally, Esq., Surgeon, Camden-town.
El Colebourn, Esq., Surgeon, 29, Harleyford-place, Ken-
uington.
N. M•Cann, Esq., Surgeon, 50, Pm liament-street.
Samuel Renner, Ee. Surgeon, 26, Berkeley-square.
W. Jonep, Esq., Surgeon, 15, Lower Brook-street, Grosvenor
square,
W. English, Esq., Surgeon, Denmark-hill.
A. Barklemore, Esq., Surgeon. 10, Charlotte-st., Bloomsbury.
E. S' oddart, Esq., surgeon, 32, Golden-square.
J. B. Walker, Surgeon, 23, Charlotte.street, Bloomsbury. .
C. Higham, Esq., Surgeon, 46, Davies-street, Berkeley-square
Edwara Nason, Esq., Surgeon,Nuneaton, Warwickshire."
In placing the above list of Testimonials before the public,
the Messrs. Solomons, Opticians and Aurists, state that their
INVISIBLE OPERATIVE VOICE CONDUCTOR, by
which thousands of Deaf Persons have been greatly benefited,
s not larger than a seven-shilling-piece, and when fixed into
he cavi; y of the ear is soft and easy, and not more uncomfort-
able nor perceptible than having a piece of wool in its place.
By its use the faintest whisper at a public assembly is heard
with distin etness.

f hese important new inventions are patronized by their Ma-
jesties the King and Queen of Hanover and their Royal High-
nesses the Prineesses Augusta and Sophia, her Serene High-
ness the Pr.,icess Esterhazy, the Princesses Mary and Rosa,
her Grace the Duchess Dovvager of Bedford, and their Graces
the Archbishop of Canterbury, the late Duko of Norfolk, the
Dukes of Devonshire, Argyle, Manchester, and Marlborough,
Lord Hill, &c. !c.
Observe tiu, lessrs. Solomons state that they have 11-) con-
nection with persons of the same name in Ireland and Scotland,
and that they do not employ any Travellers or Agents ; the
genuine article are only to be had In London, at their Esta-
hlphments,39 Albemarle-street, Piccadilly, apposite the York
Hotel, and 7ti King William-street. Bank.

- - -
SMUGGLING ON THE CLYDE.—The smuggling of
tobacco into the various seaport towns on the Clyde,
but more especially into Greenock, has of late years
been carried on very extensively, to the evident injury
of the revenue and the interest of the fair trader.
Yesterday the barque Mohawk arrived at Greenock
from Montreal and Quebec, and, in accordance with
the Custom-house regulations, came to at the tail of
the bank, where she was boarded by the Customs'
boat, commanded by Mr. Curtis, the tide-surveyor.
The vessel was immediately searched, and three large
bags full of tobacco were found in her, and of course
seized and brought ashore. The captain and crew of
the MohaWk were apprehended and lodged in prison
this forenoon.—Glasgow Chronicle.
THE FORTRESSES OF THE CONFEDERATION.—
FRANKFORT, Nov. 22.—We hear that the expense of
erecting the new fortresses at Min and Rastadt is
estimated at 30,000,000 florins. This sum will be
paid by the several StateS of the Co'nfederation to the
Treasury, according to their population, and in pro-
portion as it may be required : the amount of the por-
tion of the French contribution, which was placed at
interest in the house of Rothschild, and which was at
that time 22,000,000 f., is to be deducted.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF SATURDAY.

GLOBE.—The policy of evacuating the Affghan
territory, and the phraseology of the proclamation by
which Lord Ellenborough directs the retirement of
the British troops within the boundary of British
India,
.are perfectly distinct questions. • The policy
itself may be wise ; the mode of carrying it into
practice may be pregnant with folly, and fraught
with all the elements of danger. Leaving, then, out
of the present discussion the former question, we
will endeavour to ascertain how far the Governor-
General's proclamation from Simla is calculated
to impress the native Powers with increased re-
spect for the British character—and on that respect
our empire in India mainly depends—and the British
nation with confidence in his rule. We beg to re-
mind those of our Contemporaries who affect to be
impressed with admiration for the wisdom which de-
termined Lord Ellenborough—the objects of the.
occupation of the Affghan territory being attained—
to withdraw the British troops within the Indus, that
they leave Out of their calculations an important part
of the argument, viz., whether a permanent possession
of the coimtry beyond the Indus was contemplated by
his predecessor. We have discovered no proof that
such a course was ever designed by him; nor do we
recollect that the impugners of Lord Auckland's policy
have gone beyond_ the employment of implication,
to produce an impression that such was his purpose.
Lord Ellenborough sets out in his proclamation
with inviting special attention to the wisdom which
he assumes is conspicuous in his own procedure;
rendered yet more obvious by the "errors" of his pre-
decessor. Any man who was not filled with a silly,
fond conceit of his own personal importance, would
have been restrained from indulging in such a compa-
rison, by the mcdesty which is the accompaniment of
merit. He would have left it to others. If capable
of being supported, it would be made and rendered
manifest by those whose business it is to record the
acts of Governments, and show the consequenCes to
which they lead. Lord Ellenborough's reflection
upOn the Governor-General whoin he succeeded, is
yet more objectionable, on account of the pinjurious
results it was calculated to produce on the natives of
the vast empire, our do:ninion over whom
is founded on moral influence rather than main-
tained by physical force. The changes of adminis-
tration, which in this country are well under-
stood, with the causes which produce them, are but
little known, and less regarded, in British India.
There the Government is administered in the name
and on behalf of the Sovereign ; and if there be one
element more essential than another to prevent the
origination and operation of factions against the exist-
ing administration of the Government, it is that
of maintaining among the natives a belief that
the Government is one and the same, by whom-
soever administered ; and that the occasional changes
of administration effect no change in its policy. Once
admit the principle, that changes of Ministry at home
will effect changes, whether in colonial government
or in foreign policy, and immediately a strong induce-
ment is supplied to intrigues for the purpose of effect-
ing a change of Government, in order that changes
deemed desirable by colonial dependencies, or by fo-
reign Powers, may be secured.

STANDARD.—We have elsewhere copied from
the Times the manifesto issued by Lord Auckland
upon the commencement of the unhappy war in Aff-
ghanistan. From this document our readers will be
able to form some judgment of the errors in which
that disastrous enterprise originated—the fear of a
Russian or Persian influence, the prospect of an active
and, efficient co-operation from the Punjaub (the
territory of Runjeet Singh), the imagined popu-
larity of Shah Soojah, the anticipated possibility,
in a word, that any Sovereign, however po-
pular for the time, could, in such a coun-
try as Affghanistan, be permanently " sup-
ported against foreign interference and factious op-
position.by a British army"—such a British army as
the finances of the British empire in India could
afford. We are quite willing to rest the charge of
enormous folly alleged against Lord Auckland's policy
upon his own manifesto, as that exposition has been
illustrated by •subsequent facts; but to see the
fatuity in its full extent it is only necessary
to refer to Burnes' correspondence and the
work of Mr. Atkinson, to which we have
already directed attention. The truths to be col-
lected from these authorities must have been known
to Lord Auckland, and before he issued the mani-
festo which we republish ; and even without a know-
ledge of these facts, a schoolboy's reading ought to
have taught his Lordship the impossibility of obtain-
ing any useful or honourable results from an ag-
gressive Parthian war. It has been attempted,
by insinuation rather than by direct assertion,
to lay all the blame of the Caubul disaster
upon Burnes, M‘Naghten, and Elphinstone. We are
not the apologists of these gentlemen; and we think
the selection of the latter two for the important
stations they filled a grave addition to Lord Auck-
land's original offence. It is, however, impos-
sible to read the manifesto of the ex-Go-
vernor-General, without seeing that his plan had
totally and miserably failed, on account of its
essential and inherent folly, before the discretion
or indiscretion of Burnes, M'Naghten, or El-
phinstone, could in the slightest degree influ-
ence the result. In what did the possible error of
those three gentlemen consist ? Confessedly in
nothing but the not securing a safe retreat, or a
safe asylum, for the army. Granted, that the army
might have been spared destruction by a retreat like
that of the 10,000 ; granted, that it might have made a
Saguntum or Saragossa of Caubul—and Sir Robert
Sale's glorious defence of Jell al abad seems to prove that
it might—still this was not the completion of Lord
Auckland's plan. His Lordship did not send an
army of 20,000 men 1,500 miles, through defiles,
deserts, and mountains, merely that, by some miracu-
lous effort of skill or heroism it might not be destroyed,
as unhappily it was destroyed. No. The mani-
festo tells why the army was sent—" To support
Shah Soojah against factious opposition and foreign in-
terference ;" awl this purpose must have clearly and
signally failed before it could be a question whether
the army sent for this purpose should shut itself in a
fortress, attempt an orderly retreat, or betake itself to
a disgraceful and deplorable flight. Let this be re-
membered—the beginning of negotiations for the
retirement of the troops was the end of Lord Auck-
land's plan, the seal of its wretched failure.

MONEY MARKET and 401. TY NEWS.

PROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF SATURDAY.
TIMES.—It is gratifying to be able to quote from
letters written by distinguished subjects ofthe
States, extracts which condemn, in an unqualified
manner, the dishonourable and almost atrocious Con-
duct of some of the States, in repudiating or refusing
to, pay their just debts. It is out of this feeling, if at
all; that: the creditors are to expect to recover what is
due to them. If all Americans were alike callous .to
the reproach which attends such conduct, the case
becomes obviously a hopeless one ; but by laying in
time a proper foundation among men of fortune and
influence, it may be brought to bear in time upon
the whole American community. Every merchant
and every honest man throughout the States should
feel it to be imposed upon him as the most sacred of
duties, to contribute his share to the removal of this
great stigma.
An American merchant of the first class, writing
bythe Great Western, says—
" There are movements in every section of the
country for the purpose of bringing before Congress
the subject of the State debts. If a people are so im-
in6ral as to repudiate an honest debt in their legisla-
tive capacity, certainly the same spirit will induce
them to cancel all private bonds and mortgages on
land and houses. This notion so completely governs
the wealthy men in this country, that they generally
decline taking stocks of any kind, loans of money on
bond or mortgage, or to purchase real estate, deeming
all unsafe until the States acknowledge their debts
and pay the interest regularly. I cannot believe that
the Anglo-Saxon race can for any length of time do
wrong, hut if they are so disposed, the stand taken by
the principal capitalists on your side and in this
country must soon bring them to their senses. You
have done right in England not to take the public
loan, and you should adhere firmly to the stand taken.
No loans or confidence to any section of the country
until all the States redeem their plighted faith."

This from a native American, -a
Merchant of great
wealth and influence, is manly and becoming lan-
guage, and affords the first gleam of hope that has
passed under observation for some time, that all may
ultimately regain the right course, the path of honour,
and, as in all such cases, the best and safest policy.
Till then the American name must be degraded all
over Europe, and the prosperity of the whole country
retarded.

In addition to the observations made yesterday on
the surplus issue of Mexican bonds, a correspondent
desires that public attention may be drawn to the
fact, that all the bonds contain at foot, a certificate by
Messrs. Lizardi and Co., that each bond so converted
is represented, one-half by the new bond of active

debt, and the other half by a .deferred bond; and
that, consequently, as there has been admitted to be
an issue in excess of the active bonds to the amount of
630,0001., each of them contains a falsehood upon e.
face of it. The case is bad enough as it is, and sllo :t
not be made needlessly worse. lithe agents, in once ii
to cover this defect, and to give regularity to thegeNrk,
tificate, had issued the corresponding amount,,Xellpm
ferred stock, they would have made a much *mtg.,
sacrifice than they have already done, as acting for
the Alexiean Government, 'since the deferred stock,
which! izivolveg: -01•thhately - an :equal charge on the
country,.zells for 30t.9 per cent. only, while the ac-
tive stock is worth above '3O per cent. But for the
irregular issue, and .Cofisiderlng that remittances are
sent with tolerable exactness for the payment of the
dividend, the price wbuld• have ranged 10 or 15 per
cent. higher. Thus the transaction re-acts with a most
severe retribution on the Mexican Government itself,
and impedes the restoration of its credit. •
POST.—A Correspondent addresSes us on the sub-
ject of Spanish Stock conversions. He seems to
labour under the misapprehension that, in virtue of
the Gamboa decree of 1840, the Five per Cent.
Active Stook now in circulation might be exchanged
for the new Three per Cents. Such, however, is not
the fact, the conversion being limited to the interest
accrued on the old Active Debt up to the end of 1840.
The capitalisation of the interest accruing on the
same stock since 1840, and tbe,,e'onversion of the
latter from a five to a three per cent. security, are
among the projects laid by Senor Calatrava before the
Cortes, but what may be the fate of the Minister's
scheme has yet to be made known. It may very pro-'
bably be passed into a law, but as the laws of the
Spanish Cortes are not respected even by the autho-
rities of Spain themselves, .particularly in matters of
finance, but, on the contrary, violated as the con-
venience of the Executive may require, there would
appear to be no certainty as to the ultimate fulfilment
of their undertakings, nor does it seem to be worth
while to speculate upon the result.
The suggestion of the policy of selling old Passive
Actives for the new Three per Cent. Actives would,
no doubt, be generally acted upon could the smallest
dependence be placed on the stability of the existing
or contemplated arrangements of the Government at
Madrid. The same power which was put into opera-
tion for the abrogation of the Ricardo contract of
1834, and for the substitution of a three per cent. in-
terest for a five per cent., without the concurrence of
the creditor, may be again exercised upon the same
principle. The Three per Cents. of 1842 may, in the
course of a very short time, be melted down to a-two
or even a one per cent. stock.

PROGRESS OF THE GREAT
LEAGUE FUND.

MANCHESTER, FRIDAY MORNING.—The Picture-
gallery, at Manchester, last night, was filled long
before the time of meeting commenced, and the
,b,xcitement appeared as great as might have been ex-
` tiebted. Amongst the gentlemen on the platform
!Were Richard Cobden,Esq., M.P., W. Torrens M'Cul-
lagh,, Esq., of Dublin, barrister, (author of " The
Use and Study of History") ; Rev. J. E. Giles, of
Leeds ; Rev. W. Bonner, and Robert Bew, Esq., of
Bilston ; Rev. J. Davis, Rev. William Chapman, Rev.
J. Harrison, Rev. William Giles, Samuel Giles, Esq.,
J. Taylor, Esq., of Stroud; J. Leese, jun., Esq., and
Alderman Brooks.

GEORGE WiLsos, Esq., on taking the chair, said,
that since the last meeting they had received a large
accession to:their numbers—(Hear)—and they had re-
ceived applications for cards far beyond their means
to supply.—(Applause.) The call made by the
ConnOitfhr),shbscriptions to the Great League Fund
had beenresponded to in many districts in a manner
much
.I.eyopd,. their most sanguine expectations.—
(Applause.);: The large towns of the north especially
were doing their duty; almost every one of them had
its committee organised, and was prepared to aid them
with vigour. Next week but one the midland coun-
ties proposed to have their great meetings. In Scot-
land, at Glasgow, they proposed having a great de-
monstration—(Applause)—and at Edinburgh prepa-
rations were making, on ajsimilar scale, not later than
January.—(llear, hear.)

Mr. HicxtN, secretary to the League; then read
some correspondence of the past week, showing the
immense number of towns in 'which the organisation
was going on, and spreading all over the kingdom.
The CHAIRMAN said he had the pleasure of stating
that a letter, inclosing a handsome donation of 301.,
had been received from a landowner.—(Cheers.) It
was from Edward Holland, Esq., of Dumbleton
Worcestershire, high:sheriff of the county.—(Hear.)'

Mr. COBDEN, who was received with loud cheers
then addressed the meeting. After giving a
account of several free-trade meetings he had
attended in the north of England, and after anticline.
to the influence produced upon trade by the late 'in-
telligence from China and Affghanistan, he continued
—Now, Gentlemen, if the prospect, vague and in-
definite as it is, of an extended demand for our manu-
factures from a nation of whom we know literally
almost nothing, and at the very extremity of the
earth's surface, produces such a -feeling—if such be
the effect of opening five new ports in an unknown
country like that—what would be the effect if we
had a hundred ports opened to us all over the earth ?
—(Applause.) And that we may have if we choose
only to open our own ports.—(Hear, hear.) Why, I
have no hesitation in saying that the impulse, the
moral effect of such a course upon the trade of this
district, would be such as would now appear almost
incredible. Already you have had the opening of
fresh mills and manufactories, and a considerable im-
pulse has been given to the prices of commodities and
other property. Now let us suppose that at the open-
ing of Parliament the Queen's speech contained an
announcement that the Corn-laws were to be abo-, .
lished, and what would be the effect, think you ?
Why, I will undertake to say that the very post
which brought that news to Manchester would be the
signal for setting every mill and workshop in motion
—(Hear)—that it would be followed by an advance
in the value of your fixed property here of at least
25 per cent.: that the shipping in Liverpool would be
increased in value to the same extent; and that the
poor-houses would be emptied of the unemployed la-
bourers—(Hear, hear)—and that the now pallid faces
of the idle would be lighted up with joy, at the pros-
pect of their bones having some flesh put upon them.
—(Applause.) Well, I am sorry that even a gleam
of hope should be dispelled by anything that I can
say, but I must confess that I think there is a prodi-
gious deal of delusion about the prospect of increased
business with China.—(Hear, hear.) And I will tell
you whence this delusion springs. It is Whiggism
and Toryism that has misled us again.—(Applause.)
There has been an outcry in the newspapers about
whose is the honour and glory of this peace and all
its mighty consequences. One party sets the bells a
ringing and says,' "I did it;" the other writes up to
the, newspapers and says, "I did it;" and there is
such a mighty pother between the two factions that
the merchants and manufacturers think there must be
something great and good to be had, and they rub
their hands and fancy they are going to have a glo-
rious trade.—(Applause.) Now, how long shall we
continue to be deluded by such shallow expedients as
this ? Cannot we resort to a little common sense ?
Have we not the slightest share of reason or judgment
to fall back upon ourselves ?—(Applause.) Why, we
regard this peace as though it was going to restore to
us a trade that had been destroyed by war. It would
seem as if this country and China had both been mu-
tually ravaged by war, and that not only had trade
been interrupted, but that the harvests had been im-
peded, labour had been checked, and production stop-
ped by these wars. Nothing of the kind. The trade
with China never had been interrupted by the war.
It was put forth by Sir Robert Peel, in the House of
Commons, as one plea for the bad state of trade, that
the China war was the cause of it. He stated some-
thing of the same kind at Tamworth ; but it was
settled by Mr. Hastie, the Member for Paisley, who
has a great trade with that part of the globe—(he
is a very plain man, and scarcely_ ever speaks at
all)—but he came down to the House that night
after Sir Robert's argument about China, and he
brought some of these ugly, unmanageable figures,
and showed that instead of our trade having dimi-
nished, it had increased during this war; and Sir
Robert Peel admitted that it had.—(Applause.)
Well, you have had no interruption to the trade
with China ; there has been no great amount of deso-
lation or damage committed upon that country; we
have sacked and ravaged a port or two, but the har-
vests have never been impeded; there has been no
check to the prosperity of the country; and
I say we have not suffered in the trade with
China by the war. Then, what is it that this peace
is going to give us? An increase of trade, we are
told, M consequence of five ports being opened in that
[ ' (unary. Bat we have had already an open trade to I
, link through Canton • and we must not suppose I
I liat,, because all our trade' has gone through Canton,
therefore alt the goods which we have sent to China
have been consumed at that extremity of the empire.
1
We know very well that the goods which we sent to
Canton have traversed the whole of that empire, by
means of the canals and rivers which render transit
so easy there. How, then, are we to have an increased
trade by the opening of these new ports ? . We are
told that there are 300 millions of people in China.
That is true; and if there were 3,000 millions of
people, you could not trade with them, unless you had
soinettikng to take in exchange for the goods you are
g(4oti send to them.—(Applause.) Now, what are
you going to take ? China can send you tea and
silks. Do you think the consumption of tea has
greatly increased within the last year or two ? If so,
what accounts for the falling off of all our customs'
duties ? Do you think that the middle classes, with
the Income-tax lately put upon their backs, are in a
position to increase vastlythe consumption of silks in
this country? Well, there's 'the measure of your
exports to China ; what tea and silk can you bring ?
—(Applause.) There cannot be any possibility of
our getting on a right footing, until the people of
this country will understand the first and fun-
damental principle of trade, that it is barter, and
that unless they receive back, they cannot send
out their commodities.—(Applause.) The Honour-
able Gentleman continued—The democratic party
in America are free traders—(Hear, hear)—and
they have annual elections in America; they can
test public opinion every year, and the elections which
have taken place there within the last month, have
decided the fate of monopoly in America.—(Applause.)
They say they won't be taxed to benefit these manu-
facturers, they won't allow a high duty of imports to
oblige a few manufacturers, and cotton printers and
'spinners.—(Applause.) Well, we say—the Anti-
Corn-law League say—we won't be taxed for the be-
nefit of a few landowners in this country.—(Loud
cheers.) Now, if the Americans and the English will
only keep to their work, as their forefathers have done
when they had great principles to carry out—if they
will only put down their monopolising manufacturers,
and we put down our monopolising landowners here,
when our election time comes, we will lay the Missis-
sippi valley alongside of Manchester, and we will have
a glorious trade then.—(Cheers.)
The Rev. J. E. GILES, of Leeds, was then called
on, and was received with much applause. He ob-
served—lf England expects every man to do what is
called his 'duty—but what I do not call his duty—in
times of war, for the destruction of its enemies—
(Hear, hear)—much more, Sir, may England expect
that a Christian minister will not skulk from the offices
of peace, for the salvation of his countrymen awl of
' his country from a calamity more extensive and more
horrible than all the armies that ever have marched
for her destruction—than all the navies, ever launched
against her have been enabled, in, any period of our

history to inflict. lam told, indeed, that I am the
minister of charity and peace. Charity ! What charity
is there in starving the poor ? What peace in keep-
ing up party animosity and distraction through the
land, as must ever be the case where monopoly exists ?
I am well aware, Sir, and have not forgotten the fact,
that the laws you are attempting to sweep away were
passed under the sanction of loaded cannon ; and I
am aware, too, that it has only been in the midst of
tumults, which nothing but loaded cannon and
bayonets are able to suppress, that those laws have
been maintained. But these are not the weapons you
wield—they are not the weapons you love—they are
not the weapons that could accomplish your purpose—
they are not the weapons you- use.—(Hear, hear.)
You have infinitely stronger weapons at command—
stronger arguments—stronger votes—stronger contri-
buting—stronger unity and league—stronger sym-
pathy in the hearts of all the wise and good, and
stronger appeals to heaven in behalf of the needy and
the poor.—(Hear, and applause.) These are the
weapons with which, you will go to work.
WILLIAM TORRENS APCULLAGH, Esq., was next
introduced to the meeting, and received with great
applause. He said he believed that the whole prin-
ciple of !dividing to conquer," and of knockinv two
heads together, was never more exemplified than it
had been in the history of monopoly in England and
Ireland—(Cheers)—and he believed the monster was
identical with that which was felt grappling at their
throats and choking them, that was preventing the
culture of their fields so perfectly as they might be,
that was shutting out the produce of the foreigner,
which should be taken in exchange for our manu-
factures, and that left the mass of their farmers
tenants-at-will, or rather tenants-at-ill-will—(Great
laughter, and "Hear, hear")—and at the mercy of
their landlords. When a friend mentioned to him, a
few days before he left home, that there was some
anxiety here to know what was the opinion of men
across the channel, on this question of free-trade, he
was looking over a book that had more to do with their
history than it had to do with that of Ireland. The book
he referred to was D'Ewes's Journal of Parliament;
and it occurred to him that there were some facts in
it which would be of interest to them, and which,
therefore, he had taken the liberty of making
a note of, for the purpose of submitting them to
their consideration.—(Hear, hear.) And he did so
for this reason, that it had been thought this question
of free trade was a new question—that it was a dis-
covery of modern science, and that the world had
never seen anything so effectually done for the libera-
tion of commerce, and the setting free of industry
before. Now he did not believe that ; for he believed
that in England, by English hearts and hands, the
same fight was made near 200 years ago against the
efforts of monopoly to throttle the industry of the
country—(Hear, hear)—and he only asked them to
listen to a report of the proceedings of the House of
Commons, from a journal taken of its proceedings in
the time f Elizabeth, in support of this opinion. He
dared to say that as they thought they were getting
older, so the aristocracy thought they were growing
more subtle in these matters than when they were
mere schoolboys at it.—(Laughter.) Excuse him
for not talking of Whig and Tory aristocrats—they
• were just the same.—(Hear, hear.) Whatever they
might think of their power, they were Englishmen ;
and the mass of Englishmen, nor Irishmen neither,
had a right to submit to wrong inflicted by them.—
(Ikar, hear.) But as he was saying about tyros in
the craft, he found that at the time referred to each
great lord had a particular trade under his protection.
The great joint-stock principle on which they acted
now was not in vogue then—they were not such pro-
ficients in their business.—(Laughter.) Not that
they knew anything of the trades , under their
protection, but the object was to promote the revenue,
and they were allowed to purchase a patent to
.pro-
tect any particular trade they might think proper.
Well, the trade was better taken care of almost every
day—(Laughter)—till at length, it had almost died
of the kindness bestowed upon it.—(Renewed laugh-
ter)—and then there arose a set of Leaguers--(Hear,
hear)—the Cobdens, and Brookses, and Brights of
these days—(Applause)—and they .set the kingdom
in a perfect commotion.—(Hear, hear.) There was
not a very full history of their proceedings, but thank
God they had the whole of the debates in Parliament
on the question, and they were full of instructive
matter to those similarly engaged in the present day.
Mr. Al`Cullagh then adduced a variety of amusing
instances from the proceedings in Parliament during
the time of Sir Robert Cecil, of various English com-
moners who had expressed themselves, even at this
early period, in very strong termS, upon restrictions
upon trade in any shape. He then continued—
But the best part of this history, from the Journal of
the Parliaments of Elizabeth and James the First, was
to come. It appeared that when the list of patents,
granted to monopolies at that time, was read out,
there was a man of his (Mr. M'Cullagh's) profession,
and there was not much to be said for them generally ;
however, there was a man found amongst the lawyers
of those days who had a heart in his bosom. His name
was Hakewell, and when the list of patents had been
read over, he got tlp and said, "Is not bread among
the number r " Bread !" said one ; " bread !" re-
peated another. Well, however, he said, " If care
be not taken of these others, bread will soon be
among th 3 number." He (Mr. M'Cullagh) thought
there was some around him now who could tell that
bread had hem among the number long ago.—(Hear,
hear.) Well, Elizabeth coming to know of these
things, was a woman of too good heartedness—
though she possessed, in common with others, her
:.hare of faults—she had too much good sense not
to see that it was no longer safe to risk the glory
of her reign by denying justice to her people, and
unexpectedly she came down to the House and made
a speech—such a speech !—he did not wish to make a
pretence to prophesy, but he should rejoice then if
from
olmie
could hold out the hope of such anotherspeech
another, and yet the brightest of English Queens.—
(Hear, hear, and loud applause.) She told them her
notions of her prerogative, which she esteemed as the
chief pearl in her diadem and the choicest flower. in
her garden, and, in her speech, she said she valued
her subjects' love above all revenue or treasure.—
(Hear.) It would be too long to read the whole—
(Cries of " Go on")—but there was one point in the
speech he' could not consent to deprive them of, and
it was where she called God to witness "that she
never put pen to any of these grants, but upon the
pretext and semblance made to her that they would
be beneficial to her subjects in general ;" " but," she
said, " the contrary having been found by experience
she would never sign another." And then she turned
round to those people whom she had before been
taught to regard as the enemies to her crown and
dignity—(Hear, hear)—but whom she now found to
be the best safeguards of both, like the free-traders of
the present day—(Applause)—and thanked them
for " having drawn her attention to,so great an evil."
She grew indignant. "Varlets,". he thought she
called those who had visited her.—(Laughter.) It
was a term which would, perhaps, in these days, be
thought " unparliamentary (great laughter)—
" Varlets,;bsabtebsaavide thus shall
oppresseda, lltlieythlynoko,toonteisic)eaepoe
re:un-
punished
spectless of their own duty and the Queen's honour ?
No, I assure ; I desire that the oppression done
by these varlets—(" Varlets " again—Laughter)—
should not escape condign punishment. But I now
see (she continued)—that they (the Ministers) have
dealt with me like physicians—(Hear, hear, and
laughter)—who,- ministering a drug, make it now
acceptable by giving it an aromatic savour, or when
they give pills—(Renewed cries of " Hear, hear,"
and " Tantworth doctor ")—or when they give pills
do gild them all over."—(Roars of laughter and ap-
plause.) Well, it was encouraging to think that there
was a time in our history when monopolies, like
those that now bore down our trade, were overthrown.
—(Hear, hear.) On looking back we found it clearly
established that a system of monopoly once existed of
the most oppressive thud before, that there was a time
when they were thrown overboard, and then that
there was another time at which the monopolists
again mounted their horses and put on " patent "
spurs—(Laughter)—and well he recollected that one
of the first acts they did was to exclude Irish cattle
from the English market.
(The meeting had not concluded when the reporter
left) .

NEWSPAPER POSTAGE.—A correspondent having
sent two newspapers to the Post-office for Van
Diemen's Land, which were posted without the
postage being paid, called next day at the Foreign
Post-office and paid it, and he was much surprised to
find they had a great many papers which had been
posted in the same way, none of which would be for-
warded. Now, this, as in his case, might be merely
accidental ; but from' what he learned at the office, he
has good reason to suspect that in many cases the
penny is pocketed by the boys and porters sent to post
them. It was suggested by a gentleman in the office,
that by affixing a post-label on the newspaper, such
frauds and consequent disappointment would be
effectually prevented. It should also be known that
newspapers for foreign parts cannot be posted after
6 o'clock, P.M.

• MURDER IN FRANCE.
A dreadful murder was committed on Monday last,
at Orleans, under the following circumstances :—A
man, of Italian origin, named MOntelli, residing at
St. Germain, repaired to Orleans about a fortnight
ago, to visit a person named Boisselier, a messenger
at the Bank. These pefsons had served together in
Africa, and had been for some years on most inti-
mate terms. Boisselier invited Montelli to dinner, and
the latter, on taking his departure, promised to return
in a short time and see him again. Accordingly, on
Monday he again arrived at Orleans early in the
morning. He sent a message to Boisselier to come and
breakfast with him at the Hotel de l'Europe. Boisselier
sent word that he should speedily follow, and, placing
in his pocket-book bills to the amount of 8,000 f., which
he had to receive for the Bank, he proceeded to the
place of meeting. They went out about half. past
eight o'clock, and drank wine at several cabarets.
About nine they returned to the hotel, and went
up to Montelli's room. In half an hour afterwards
the unfortunate Boisselier lay murdered on the floor;
Montelli, on arriving at the hotel, had asked for some-
thing to eat, and the servant, seeing that he did not
come down, carried the breakfast up to him. He
heard her step on the stairs, and immediately came out
of his room, saying, " Take it down ; I shall be with
you in a moment." He descended a few minutes
after, having locked his door, and put the key
in his pocket. He took his breakfast with the
utmost tranquillity, and then went out, and,
calling at several bankers, got most of the
Bills, which he had taken from his victim, cashed,
and in this way collected about 5,000 f. He returned
to the hotel about one o'clock, and called for dinner,
which he ate with a good appetite. His dinner
being over, he went up to his room, and then set
about concealing his crime. After having dispatched
Boisselier, Montelli had tried to hide the body in a
cupboard in the room, but he found it impossible to
force it in. It was, however, absohitely necessary
either to hide it or take it away. For this purpose
he went out again, and purchased a box and some
packing canvas. The former was to contain the body,
and the latter to dry up the blood. During his prepara-
tions the murderer, the better to deceive the persons
who might be in the neighbouring rooms, kept singing
with a loud voice. Sometime afterwards he took the box
down stairs, and with the aid of a commissionnaire
carried it to the Messageries:Laffitte, and had it en-
tered for Toulouse, directed to a person named Morel.
He then, without returning to the hotel, agreed with
a cabriolet driver to take him for 10f. a certain dis-
tance on the Paris road. He became hungry on the
way, and took supper at an inn at Artenay. In the
meantime the non-appearance of Boisselier had given
the alarm at the Bank, and the police were informed
of the circumstance. They learned that a stranger,
with his face somewhat scratched, and his hand
wrapped up, had presented several bills for payment, and
on examination it was found that several spots of
blood were visible on some of them. The next
day, M. Benard, the proprietor of the Hotel de
l'Europe, finding that one of his inmates had not re-
turned, and that the key was not to be found, went up
to the room, and saw some blood near the door. He
at once sent for the police, and, on examination,
blood was discovered on the floor, in the cupboard, and
under the bed, where they also ound a cap, a cravat,
and some bloody linen. This having come to the ears
of the Director of the Messageries, he informed the
police of the heavy box he had received the even-
ing before, and on its being broken open, the
body of the unfortunate Boisselier was found within.
The mutilations practised on it were horrible, for the
murderer, in order to force the body into the box,
had been obliged to fold up the thighs like the legs of
a fowl, and to press the dead body down with his
knees. The police are in pursuit of the murderer,
who it has been found hired a cabriolet at Thoury.
Bosselier has left a young wife and one child.—Ga-
lignani.

LORD KINNARD'S TESTIMONY
To THE PRESENT STATE OF TIIE
COUNTRY.

I never remember the agriculturist's interest in
such a state of depression as it is at this moment—a
state which we last year foretold they must come to
—not caused, as it is falsely asserted, by a panic, con-
sequent on the partial relaxation of our commercial
laws, but from the diminished powers of consumption
of the people. That this is the case I may give, as
an instance, the town of Dundee, where not above a
dozen head of foreign cattle have made their appear-
ance, and where the quantity of Irish salted store
beef sold as American has not been great ; yet not
half the quantity of cattle are slaughtered per week
that there used to be, though the price of meat is re..
duced to sd. for the best, and 4d. the inferior.. -One
of the principal bakers stated that he now only bakes
a batch of bread three times a week instead of one
five days in the week, and two on Saturdays ; the dif-
ference between three and seven, or a falling off of
more than half in the consumption of flour, in addi-
tion to the greatly diminished quantity required for
manufacturing. The number of inhabitants has cer-
tainly decreased, but not in proportion to the di-
minished consumption, many of the unemployed
having returned to their rural parishes, and to Ire-
land. But here is a matter of deep concern and in-
terest to the agriculturist and landowner—that this
falling off in consumption is felt, and that most
severely by the farmer. I may be considered as no
bad judge, having in my own hands upwards of 1,000
acres of' pasture and arable land, and depending
chiefly on Dundee for the sale of the produce. Some,
perhaps, will say that the proximity of land to a large
town is no criterion ; but I think, on a moment's re-
flection, it will be seen, that though the stagnation of
trade is more immediately felt by those in the neigh-
bourhood, vet the farmers at a distance must eventu-
ally feel it, as the produce, which otherwise would
be consumed on the spot, is sent to compete with
that in other markets—for instance, I have a large
flock of Leicester sheep, for which here at present
there is absolutely no sale, and I am obliged to send
them to London, whereas, formerly, I could have
disposed of them, conferring an obligation on the
buyer, before they were half fat. The fact is, no in-
ferior quality of meat will sell, and even good, not
readily. I have a lot of Highland wethers, bought in
hhiBsa have
been though
this spring at 145., which will not pay the summer's
keep. Hay, which sold formerly With a good de-
mand, at ls. or ls. 2d. per stone, is now selling. at
Bd. and 9d. Wool, which I have heretofore sold at
pero
given
willingbi v
. o, e
nn t thoughhoNl.ailnedn,
take of
tl inferiorsiydnhas .
o notr
been
b
ie
led
andq.u,lsanotl
hil tdte. h
yo to what I
p crews
set !floc hf:
with everything else, not excepting young horses,
IfDvoorurntehdeeeaesg;aedrdlylf tNeyharness,rerbeywhichthmeenr
cmh
making
itfnseawa
nmydoe
othersanr sincesey:and
in
becausesOaungd
they sought
could afford to keep horses, which, while it gave extra
employment; increased the demand for agricultural
prOduce.- For the same reason the coachmakers
being no longer employed, have ceased to be custom-
ers for hard wood ; the same with the ship-builders.
Indeed, there is no sale for any description of wood.
Where, in former years, I could sell in a day 1,000/.
worth, I could not now sell 101. This cannot be oc-
casioned by the alteration in the timber duties, as it
was the case before that alteration was proposed ; and
besides, when trade was brisk, I found it more profit-
able to use foreign timber than my own, for which I
realised as good or a better price. Grain is also re-
duced in price, but not so low as not to give a re-
munerating price to the grower, if there was a steady
demand, and a security for payment. But what is
the state of the linen trade of Dundee ? Somewhat
better, certainly, than it was six or eight months
ago ; for this reason, that owing to the abundant
harvest, there has een a greater demand for sacks,
and from the cheapness of provisions the agricultural
labourer has been enabled to provide himself with
some :necessaries, which has created a slight demand
for sacking and coarse sheeiing; added to this, the
Government' contract for sail-cloth (which will be
completed in December) is now giving employment
to a great many hands. But the trade with America
and the Brazils is paralyzed, beeawie we cannot take
ot
linen
ocno r nfr
oainndis)uognadre
ei nt
oe x
tchhea nug en. i
States,la'rge exporterinforms
teAd
me that he will not send for the approaching spring
trade one bale for twenty that he has sent the last
five years. This stoppage of trade with America will
account for the numerous failures, and cases but too
frequent where men who, a few short years ago, might
have retired in comparative affluence, are now reduced
to a state of bankruptcy.—Letter to ir. Sydney Smith.

MEETING OF THE IBISII BISHOPS.—NATIONAL
EDUCATION.—Whilst I write, a meeting of the
Bishops of the Irish Established Church is in
progress, of course with closed doors. It had been
convened by the Primate, Lord John George Be-
resfQrd, to place before them a communication from
Sir Robert Peel, on the important subject of
education in Ireland. I have reason to be-
lieve that the Premier, in this communication,
declares it as his determination to continue the grant
to the'Natlonal Board of Education, without any
modification, upon the principle that the Government
cannot sanction any exclusive grant for educational
purposes in Ireland. If such be the case, no money
will be granted to the Church Education Society, of
which the Primate is the head. You may, under such
circumstances, be prepared for a violent outbreak
amongst the ultra-Tory and High Church party.—
: Dublin Letter.

The German journals give the following explana-
tion of the difference which has arisen between the
Duke de Bordeaux and the Diichess d'Angouleme.
The Duke thinks that he ought to take advantage of
the present discontent in France, arising out of the
treaties on the right of search and the commercial
union with Belgium. The Duchess d'Angouleme, on
the contrary, considers that it would be imprudent t 6
attempt any movement in France until Louis Phi-
lippe's death.