The Sun.
London, England, 1829-10-02 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

From the subjoined accounts and handbills, it
will be seen that Coventry, Bedworth, and Nun-
eaton, are much disturbed by the complaints
and " turns out" of the working spinners and
weavers. It is very grievous to witness these
scenes; and it would be more so if the imme-
diate cause of them—.namely, the determination
of the " operatives" to refuse work on such
terms as the masters are able to afford—were in
itself unavoidable. But the fact seems to be—
and it stands on high authority—that the weavers
and spinners ought to be satisfied with the wages
which the manufacturers are disposed to offer.
A respectable member of their body, of the name
of Goode, rebuked his weaving and spinning
brethren for their unreasonableness in standing
out for prices which nothing but a close mono-
poly of the silk-trade could admit of. "
said he," you will accept the wages agreed upon
last week, I have no doubt that the masters will

meet you." It is unfortunate, but not surprising,
that this prudent counsel rather moved the anger
of the audience than experienced any favourable
reception. But the mischief did not end here.
As usual, the recusant spinners were not content-
ed with exercising their own right of fraternization
in idleness and want, bst they claimed their cus.-
tomary dominion over the free-will of others, who
had dared to eat, and to procure for their chil-
dren the bread of industry on such wages as
were to be had in the market. Occupying the
bridges by which journeymen carrying home the
work of their employers must of necessity pass,
the " combined forces" stopped their march, and
npte
seized the property in their keeping. This, we
fear is
Thel hangingoace
nih-
it. matter, or
confederates
e ferotahrteei
etsi g
am,Dl,oeasiryiel likeoart
Coventry,brne peace-breaking
ng a n
intimidation, extinguished all the lights in all
the manufactories, and put a wholesale stop to
business. These are not legal acts, they are not
the acts of well-disposed people. We are told that
in many instances they do not proceed from wea-
vers willing to work at advanced wages, or for any
wages, but that the most violent and shameful
outrages which have been committed in various
parts of England, were the crimes of itinerant
vagabonds, the condottieri of the manufacturing
malcontents, whose calling was to inflame what-
ever dissatisfaction they could find in any quar-
ter, and whose skill in organizing licentiousness,
and indifference to results by which they could
personally lose nothing but their pay as ma-
nagers of the mischief, would account fir their
success in extending and prolonging it. It is
curious, and rather provoking likewise, that in
the handbill published by the magistrates of Co-
ventry, when they convened a public meeting,
distinct reference has been made to frequent ap-
plications to the authorities, for relief to dis-
tresses of the poor, " arising out of the dis-
putes between the master-manufacturers and their
journeymen." Now is it not a little curious that
petitions for relief should be listened to from
men who are in a state of open and unlawhil
combination, and who are reduced to beg be-
cause they refuse to earn ? If the sys-
tem of encroachment upon the free agency
of the industrious, who alone, we trust,
among the applicants for succour, are in any in-
stance relieved from the poor rates,—if' that
system be not put down by Government, the
magistrates had better throw up the game at
once, and submit themselves and the community
to " Jack Cade" law throughout the entire
realm. That times of regular and open trade
will not admit the flash stimulants administerel in

the form either of prices or of wages by incon-
vertible paper-money, and by speculators in bills
and unpaid-for goods, we have already stated.
The master-manufacturers and merchants are al-
ready convinced of this truth ; it would be well
for the " operatives" to learn it. The following are
the statements to which we have alluded :—" The
towns of Bedworth and Nuneaton, and the adjoin-
ing villages, consist of what are called here sihgle-
handed weavers, the looms they use making but one
riband at a time. Engine-looms, which make
eight or five pieces at orce, as the Width may be.
of similar work, are being brought into general
use in the city of Coventry and its immediate
neighbourhood ; and with these looms a hand
can produce about four times as much work as
a weaver in a single loom. It is therefore ob-
vious that the single• hand weavers must neces-
sarily feel with the greatest severity all the evils
of a depressed trade. The competition between

the workers of these two kinds of loom has been
extremely hard upon the single-loom weavers,
and the price they received for their labour was
in fact not by any means sufficient for human
sustenance. The necessity every manufacturer is
under of having his work made as low as his
competitors, induced the masters to offer these
extremely low prices, and the destitute condition
of the weavers induced them to accept of what-
ever was offered. There is a point below which
human endurance fails ; and last week the
weavers determined to resist the increasing evil,
and a general turn-out occurred. On Friday
and Saturday parties of men occupied the bridges
over the canal which leads to Coventry, and
prevented any person from passing who
had work to bring into the town, and
the operations were conducted with so
much vigilance, that no ribands were re-
ceived by the manufacturers, and consequently
no sales were made : of course the only articles
which are making are of the kind which is
wanted, and the effects of this manoeuvre were
vexatious to the buyers, and of serious conse-
quence to the manufactures. I have not heard
of any acts of outrage being committed by the
forces which occupied the bridges, nor do I
think very numerous efforts were made to evade

them, for the proceedings of the mob had been
of that violent description that a degree of terror
was excited sufficiently to produce the desired
effect without any very alarming act of personal
coercion. One woman smuggled a few pieces in
her bonnet, which it seems the searchers omitted

to examine, confining their inquiries to her
pockets, and another succeeded in passing a few
gauzes in some jars,which she represented as pickles
for a lady in Coventry. On Monday and Tues-
dey deputations from the country Weavers went
to each master to request his support "to a list
of prices much lower than the one submitted last
week, which was, in most cases, agreed to. One
or two country manufacturers having 'signified
their determination to pay for engine-work less
than the list of prices agreed to the week before
last, great dissatisfaction began to prevail in the
town of Coventry ; and it was rumoured on Sa-
turday that something decisive was to be done by
n of
the weavers on
expected, was nm
the ,icillagyr. discussingfet
feelings
INs'eeliavetairly:tcseNet'r:(ll::::
some-
thing an
that day groups of men were found in different
own,
o b
ttplhoairtiltlegs, °as
eifirdito,hufersot
ap-
peared to portend an approaching storm—but
nothing important, however, traitspired. On
Tuesday morning a hand-bill appeared, signe,i
13. Poole, a member of the weavers' Com-

snittee, which seemed to be intended as an apo- Their ultimate object is not to get spinners from other • make themselves acquainted with the persons of Gustavus Vasa, of Sweden, that he had occasion
logy for the riots of the previous week, and to Places, for they know well that those who have not the inhabitants
of respectable streets, and prying for all his energy in overcoming the repugnance
attack the editor of the Coventry Herald, who been accustomed to spin fine numbers will not answer h
aeout the houses of persons of the best reputa- of the peasantry in many provinces; but in a
had in strong terms reprobated the practice of their purpose. But they
.think that if they can get
tion, the burglars and thieves may be concerting generation or two, not a Catholic was to lie seen
strange spinners here, their own men would look on
the Mob parading the streets, and surroundingtheir plans of depredation, and arranging the pro- in the whole Scandinavian Peninsula. At the
them as intruders or robbers, who come to deprive
the houses of the manufacturers. -Whether the ceedings of their nightly campaigns, in those time of the Reformation, the great body of the
them of bread, and might be provoked to wreak
men were excited by the production of Poole, their vengeance on them accordingly, when all the i dens of vice and infamy which abound in some people throughout Europe were acquainted With
or stimulated by the success of the last turn terrors of the law would most assuredly be brought parts of the metropolis. We pointed out, as no more of religion than certain usages ; and,
out to attempt a still greater advance of prices, it into operation against us, to intimidate us into a ! soon as they were published, the gross impro- when the chiefs and leaders changed their reli-
is difficult to decide; but they determined to compliance with their proposals. Depend upon it priety of that part of the instructions which gion, there was little difficulty in drawing over
meet, and they resorted to a field at the end of the masters here, as well as everywhere else, would enumerated several serious offences against public the people. But, when political motives ceased
the town, which contains an old and extensive prefer their own men, whom they know, and who 'peace and morals, such as indecent and riotous to influence the Chiefs, and changes in the mul-
ur.iderstand the work, and whom they could have
excavation, upon the declivity of which the men conduct of abandoned women, &c., and which titude could only be effected through arguments
without any expence or trouble, rather than strangers,
assemble, and the speakers address them from the were not to be noticed unless committed addressed to the understanding, a new state of
if they were going to give the wages they talk of.
under circumstances of agg
bottom as from the pit of a theatre. When the ravation. We things took place. The Catholics 'became as
All we require of you, friends, on this occasion is,
meeting had assembled, there was a difficulty that you will act as you would he acted by. If you expected this would have been altered ; dexterous controversialists as. the Protestants,
to ascertain for what purpose they had met, as would be displeased with the man who would rob and we would not have reverted to it and had generally one advantage over the Pro-
none of their accustomed orators were present to you and your family and friends of their dinners, we I again but that it appears, from the state of the testants, that the latter shrunk from their own
enlighten them upon the subject. Without hope you will not do the same thing by us. We streets at night westward of Temple-bar, as if principles, claimed for themselves the right of
coming to any formal resolution, they decided beseech you not to pay any attention to the hollow the police acted strictly upon the delicate sug- free examination, but laid down, at the same
that they could not do better than to re-assemble and deceitful promises of those who are doing all gestion—for there may be observed groups of time, certain doctrines, from which none were
they possibly can to impoverish, degrade, and bar-.in the morning to determine the question, andthose women acting in a most offensive and dis- allowed to differ, and in the exercise of their in-
e, barise at once both you and us. Remember the m-
in the mean time to stop all the looms that were numerable and horrid curses which the sacred Scrip- orderly manner without restraint—making brawls, fallibility excommunicated and executed each then going. With this view they passed through tures pronounce against the oppressors of the poor,
disturbing the peace of the neighbourhood, and other ; while the Catholics pretended to no right
the town, and completely succeeded in having but more particularly against those who deprive the acting every way contra bonos mores, without of excommunication, and allowed none. Ca-
all the lights extinguished in the different work- labourer of his hire. Our masters cannot reduce us fearing any interruption to their disorderly and tholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists, became all in
shops. It was about six o'clock when they if you keep entirely away. If you do come to sup- indecent conduct. It is because we are sincerely reality Catholics, each receiving without exa-
passed the police-office, and the constables at- plant us, we shall of course look upon you as our anxious for the establishment of an efficient sys- urination the religion of his parents, and conver-
tempted to disperse them, but they were too greatest enemies ; and, should we be obliged even- tern of police that we cannot flatter the new one sions being a matter of comparatively rare oc-
powerful, and they held on their career in tually
.tor yield, as the sole
_cause of our misfortunes, where we observe it does not work well. It is currence. In the North of Ireland, for instance,
o,ontri town en, . and
will
hld ' hld n, nay, evfen
triumph. The Magistrates met, and as early as by exposing its defects that we contribute our where there is a Catholic and Protestant popula-
b
r children, i utter curses upon you, or
six o'clock in the morning of Wednesday, the part to its amendment. It is not a subject that lion, the name tells the religion ; and any one
such hollow and heartless proceedings.
following hand-bill was circulated : " ' JOHN DOHERTY, See.' we look at in a political point of view. If the who should ask in Belfast or Londonderry wire-
"' CITY AND COUNTY OF THE CITY OF COVENTRY. " There is also another placard of a similar ten- invention only answer the demands of society, ther a Stuart, a Douglas, a M'Culloch were a
" ' The Mayor and Magistrates having this day dency, but which states that the other trades are we care not who is its author. Some writers, Papist, or any name beginning with 0 a Pro-
been informed that a tumultuous assembly of the coming forward to support the spinners by their who seem very sensitive about the character of testant, would be stared at. The Irish, at the
operative weavers has taken place, and that they contributions; and this assertion is borne out by the system, are offended that accounts of the time of the Reformation, would, with a little
have, when so assembled, by threats of violence, what occurred yesterday afternoon, when, at a meet- irregularities of members of the new police should pains, have been made in a short time as good
induced many persons to abstain from working, and ing of the spinners, hell in the open air, a person
be published—they would have such reports sup- Protestants as their brethren the Scotch High-
committed other flagrant breaches of the peace, of the name of Withnall, one of the sawyers cam-
" ' The Mayor and Magistrates therefore give mittee, said he was glad to see them assembled, in pressed, as operating against a " fair experiment. ' Landers, of the same race and speaking
notice, that they are ready and desirous to receive order that confidence might be perpetuated amongst We say quite the contrary. If bad characters the same language. The Church of Scot-
informations against any person or persons who have them; and if they conducted themselves with firm- have got into the police by any means, it is right land made it a rule, that whenever the
so offended, in order that they may be forthwith ness and unanimity, the sawyers would support that their misconduct should be made known as Irish or Erse Language was spoken in the High-
proceeded against as the law directs. them, not only in this town, but in other places. soon as possible, that they may be brought under lands, the clergyman should be able to address
" ' The Mayor and Magistrates hereby strictly One of the dyers' committee said, sooner than they better discipline, or their places supplied by better the people in that language. They found very
enjoin all persons from holding any public meeting, should give in, lie would sell his shirt from his back men.--Morning Herald. little difficulty with the people. A Presbyterian
or assembling in numbers, within this city and to support them. They were also addressed by Mr.
Priest who attended to their spiritual wants was
The Dublin Morning Register of Thurs-
county, during the present excitation. John Doherty, their secretary, who observed that
as dear to them as a Catholic Priest. Where
"' S. WHITWELL, Mayor, ‘" J. WEARS. the meeting was held in that place because the room day last has the following paragraph :
the Chief chose to remain Catholic, as in the
4" S. VALE, "' W. CARTEL, was too small for them. The masters had propa- " There is an amusing observation in an article
', "N. Mceatnew, gated a report that there was a want of confidence published by an intelligent London Paper (tile case of the IVlacdonalds, from Irish connection,
" , Sept. 29, 1829.' among the men, and that they were the dupes of a Globe) on the late Meeting in Cork, at which Lord the people remain Catholic to this day. But
" Notwithstanding this notice, the mobs re- few designing individuals. For his part, he would Mountcashel made so distinguished a figure. It is this is rather a matter of feeling than reason.—
solved to persevere, and about half-past nine not attempt to bias them, and it rested with them- as follows : The Irish, according to the best evidence,
they assembled in their usual station. Whether selves whether such a report should obtain credit. "' If the Ecclesiastical revenues of Ireland had was at. first as ready to listen to Pro.
by accident or design, the 3d Dragoon Guards, Will you (said he) work at their prices, or will you not been scandalously misapplied, five-sixths of the testant preachers as Catholic preachers, when
stationed in Coventry, were taken to drill in an not ? Those who will not, hold up your hands. inhabitants cf that country—probably. one-sixth— the former could address them in Irish.—.adjoining field ; and it is not improbable that :: Everyl hand appeared to be _ would not be at this day Pdpists. Their conversion They might have been transferred with 'as much'
however, that the hands of Messrs.. never was an honest. object of ambition; and indeed
the proximity of this force had its beneficial in-
Sandford and Green have all returned to their em- they were forced into-the hands of the Catholics, as
tappears,ease to another religion, without being aware
fluence. There were about 3,000 assembled, ploy, and their mill is now at full work. The mas- there were no Protestants to teach them. The of the change, as any other rude people. But
and they were as much at a loss for a subject as tens confidently anticipate a breaking up of the Spin- natives were, we believe, never addressed by Protes- the time has been allowed to go by ; the Catho-
on the previous evening. After a lapse of some ners' Union in three weeks' time. tant teachers in their own language—at least not till lie Clergy are in possession of the field ; they
time, the Committee arrived, and Edward " The market continues toimprove, though slowly, ages after the zeal of the Reformation had passed are endeared to the people by community of suf-
Goode, a man who appears to be possessed of To-day fustians are freely inquired after, both for away.' fering and community of race. The change
a sound understanding, directed by right prin- the home and foreign markets. Several other de- " True enough, the natives were seldom, if ever, now is much more likely from Catholicism to
scriptions of strong cloths are improving in demand, addressed by Protestant teachers in the Irish lan-
ciples, addressed them, and asked what waslndifferentism, than from Catholicism to Pro-
as are calicoes of the hand as well as power-loom guage—and it happened as lately as the ' glorious their object? lf it was to obtain the pricestestantism. As to what is said of France
manufacture... Yarns are still . purchased in great Revolution,' that there were instances in which
which were paid prior to the reduction of theby our Dublin Contemporary, it is altogether
quantities, particularly the medium numbers for the many of them had no Protestant Pastor to address 0
import duty on foreign manufactured silks, he export trade; and, now that there is a stoppage of them in English! It is well known that at the inapposite. The Protestant religion between the
did not hesitate to assure them it was utterly im- the factories in Manchester, the country mills are in time when William was rewarding his General toffi- time of the revocation of the Edict of Nantz
possible for them to succeed ; but if they wished full employ, and can scarcely produce fast enough. cers by thousands and tens of thousands of ' green and the Revolution was rigourously proscribed.
to establish the list which was agreed to the Forties mule twist is selling at 13d. to 130.; and acres' for their treason to their late King, he was It has not, therefore, had " a clear stage ;" and
week before last, he had no doubt but they twenty-sixes throstle yarn at 111 d. to Is."—Times. very busy in appointing Dutch parsons to the cure even now, the Protestants are only allowed to
would he supported by a great proportion of the It cannot be denied that the old system of of Irish souls ! English parsons are, to this day,' worship publicly when the population within a
pretty ignorant of the language of the 1' natives
manufacturers, and obtain their object. During police was very bad—our own columns have fur- certain range has attained
to particular number.
but they are not one whit, the Globe may be assured, 6 ,
this address the speaker was repeatedly inter- nished ample evidence of the necessity of is
_

rupted, and it was concluded by the arrival of
the Mayor and Magistrates. At this time the
meeting, which had increased, could not consist
of much less than 6,000. Mr. Carter, the town
clerk, addressed them, and assured them that
they were illegally assembled ; and that, although
the Magistrates sympathised with them in their
sufferings, they certainly would not allow them
to violate the laws. The Mayor, S. Whitwell,
Esq. also said, that whatever the Magistrates
could do to alleviate the distresses of the
weavers, they would ; but, whatever their feel-
ings might be, they had a paramount duty to
perform to society by preserving the public
peace. This duty was enjoined upon them by
the oaths they had taken as Justices of the
Peace, and they would most certainly perform it.
Goode thew addressed them, urging the neces-
sity of their immediate dispersion, and the meet-
ing broke up. This afternoon the following
handbill was circulated :-
6, 'CITY OF COVENTRY.
" At a Meeting of the Directors of the Poor of
the United Parishes, held this 30th day of Septem-
ber, 1829, C. Lilly, Esq. in the Chair ;
" It was resolved unanimously,—That in conse-
quence of the numerous applications to the directors,
by the operative weavers and their families for re-
lief, arising out of the question between the manu-
facturers and the operatives as to the prices to be
paid by the manufacturers for labour, the Mayor and
Magistrates be respectfully requested to convene a
meeting of the manufacturers, the principal inhabi-
tants, and the operative wearers (to be represented
by a deputation), to take the subject into considera-
tion and devise some efficient mode of relief.
C. LILLY, Chairman.'
" In pursuance of the above requisition, I ap-
point a public meeting of the manufacturers, the
principal inhabitants of the city, and the operatives
(to be represented as above described,) to be held
at the Public Office, to-morrow (Tuesday), at twelve
o'clock, for the purpose expressed in the requisition.
" Sept. 30. " S. WHITWELL, Mayor.'
•" Notwithstanding the advice of the Magis.
trate to preserve the peace, parties are stationed
in different parts of the city which imperatively
insist upon every loom being stopped, and the
strike is now complete. In affairs of this kind
in Coventry there is seldom much inclination to
resist the demands of the mob ; and having their
own way, they are not frequently tempted to
commit extraordinary acts of atrocity, and it
does not appear that any personal videuce has
at present been committed."
" MANCHESTER.
" The state of popular feeling is by no means more
tranquil than when I last wrote. The masters are
beginning to have recourse to decisive measures in
order to suppress the combination of the workmen,
who, with a few exceptious, evince as strong a de-
termination to resist by every lawful means.
" Large placards, of which the following is a
copy, Are posted up in the streets :
" TURN-OUT AT MANCIPLZTER.
" An Address from the journeymen cotton-spinners
of Manchester to their brother-spinsters through-
out the kingdom.
" Friends and fellow-labourers,--Our masters
here in Manchester proposed five months ago to
reduce our wages thirty per cent, We turned out
against the reduction, and still remain out. They
now find that we will not work for them at the terms
they offer, land they are endeavouring to bring spin-,
ners from other places to take the bread out of our'
mouths and the mouths of our families. They are
endeavouring to do this by stating, that they will
guarantee to' good spinners' enormous wages, such,
indeed, as few (if any) of us could have earned be-
fore they proposed to reduce us at all. These pro-
mises are made to deceive you and to crush us; they ,
are wholly unworttykif.credit. One single fact will
prove this. It is a fact, then, that every man of us
have offered to work at ' ten shillings' a week less
than they say, in their printed bills, they will guarantee,
and their answer is, they cannot afford to give that.

_ ample e._ y , im-
provement. Life and property could hardly be
mode insecure in any community calling itself
civilized than in London, under the ancient
regime. The drowsy watchman, with his pole
and lantern, his ponderous coat of office, and
flannel nightcap, was a finished personification
of the anti-watchful system. Dr. Franklin says
that the best specific for a sound sleep is a
quiet conscience, and certainly if we may judge
from their aptitude for profound repose,
" the guardians of the night" were blessed with
remarkably easy consciences, for never was the
placid sleep of innocence more undisturbed than
theirs, while the labours of the thief, and the
work of plunder, were going on under their very
noses. Street pillage and burglary throve under
the old system in a ratio almost beyond any of
the wonderfuf improvements of the " age of in-
tellect." It is said that in the " golden days of
Alfred a purse of gold might be suspended from
a pole beside the highway in perfect security ;"
but no passenger's purse in modern times found
such protection from a watchman's pole. The
Dogberries of the present day faithfUlly copied
the policy of their ingenious dramatic prototype,
who made it a rule to discover a thief by
" letting him steal out of his company:" Such
being the state of things, we often called the at-
tention of Government to it, and were among the
first and most earnest of those who demanded a
more effective system ; but alteration is not
always improvement. We objected greatly to
the old system—we have also objections to the
new. We have often said that neither the watch-
men nor the old police were adequately paid.
The insufficiency of their means placed them too
much within the influence of bribery ; their
poverty exposed them to all the allurements of
venality. The thieves made up to them, or at
least, to the most of them, the deficiency in their
wages. Did parsimony, in this instance, save
the public any thing ?—No. The police raised
a tale upon the thieves, and the thieves raised
that tax again upon the public. We are not
better pleased in this respect with the plan of the
new police. We say they are not adequately
paid. A guinea per week, out
_of which they
have to provide their clothes, is not sufficient for
the purpose of ensuring the enlistment in the
service of decent and proper men—or if such
should find their way into it, from the pressure
of immediate want, they are likely to be beset
by temptations which virtue, stung by poverty,
cannot alwa;'a resist. It is asked why do we not
wait, and give the thing a " fair experiment ?"
We have no wish, no interest, that it should not
have a fair experiment—but, a priori, we take
upon us to Bay that at such a rate of wages it
will never do. This at all events must be altered.
Surely the men ought not to pay for their uni-
forms, and for " new clothes as often as the
Commissioners shall require," out of their mise-
rable stipend. How can they support a wife and
family under such -circumstance ? and steady
married men ire the best for such a service. We
have also stated our objections to the instruc-
tions requiring the police to become acquainted
with the persons of the inhabitants of every hoilse,
as reminding us too much of the Continental
system of indiscriminate espionnge. Surely it
woeld bvi,e been sufficient to have instructed
them to make tkermelves acquainted with the
persons of those who inhabit or frequent houses of
bad or doubtful fame—particularly those pimp,
ries of banditti called " flash houses," some of
which flourish undisturbed in the nightly cele-
bration o.' their unhallowed orgies in the imme-
of police-offices. It may
diate neighbouriloo4
()Eel' happen, under the present maroctions, that
while groups of policemen are endeavouring ip

more unacquainted with Irish than these Dutchmen
were even with the English.—But let this pass.
" The observations which we regard as amusing
is that marked in italics. It modestly intimates that
Popery is so very difficult to be kept on its legs,
and the' reformed' creed (which is that, no doubt,
of the writer) so very alluring in what the parsons
in the lilail call the splendour of gospel bright-
ness,' that nothing could have chained down the
minds of one million out of the six millions of fol-
lowers which the Scarlet Lady can now reckon in
Ireland, but the misapplication of ecclesiastical re-
venues ! It would be vain to enter into a doctrinal
controversy with so self-satisfied a believer as this;
but we own we would be glad, if it were put upon
him to explain how it happens that Papists are so
prodigiously increasing in his own country, and that
gospel brightness' holds no more prominent station
amongst his neighbours, the French, than it did
half a.century ago ? Misapplication of ecclesiasti-
cal revenues' may help him to an explanation of the
phenomenon he witnesses at his own doors, but
where will he find a solution of the enigma in the
other instance ? In France there is no misapplica-
tion of ecclesiastical revenues.' Ile Established
Clergy have a competent stipend out of the public
exchequer, and the pure-faith gentry a more liberal
stipend, drawn from the same source. It cannot be
said that the former have any advantage over the
latter, or that gospel brightness' has the least diffi-
culty to encounter in France. We see what the
impediments of misapplied revenues have done in
Ireland. They have, according to this authority,
positively given us six millions of Papists instead of
one million. In France, however, there is, and has
been, a free coast—a clear stage and no favour; and
we certainly would like to be let into the secret of
the stagnation of gospelling affairs, in that country,
under such circumstances."
It does not follow from the observations of
our Evening Contemporary, that the effect which
he alleged might have been produced by a better
application of Church Revenue, implies at the
same time a superiority of Protestantism over
Popery. Our Contemporary was writing to
people who take it for granted that the Protes-
tant Religion is the best because it is their own ;
and his observation has reference to the practi-
cability of extending a religion by similar means,
no matter whether the religion in itself be good
or bad. Any one who is acquainted with modern
history, knows that the Reformation would never
have obtained a footing in any country, but for the
desire of the great to obtain the possessions of
the Church Revenues. When a Prince chose
to embrace the Lutheran doctrines, he forced
his subjects to embrace them also, and his first
object was to seize the lands of the Clergy. It
was deemed a great stretch of liberality in those
times, to allow those who preferred the old re-
ligion to quit their country for another, where
Catholicism still prevailed. There would not
have been a Catholic in Germany in a short
time, had the Protestants not been duped into
the Treaty of sth September, 1555, which
allowed Bishops and other Prelates to go over
to Protestantism without any impeachment to
their honour, but prevented their appropriating
to themselves their possessions. From the mo-
ment that Treaty was signed, the Reformation,
which had spread like a conflagration among the
great, was at. an end, Nothing more was to be
made by the Reformation ; and in those States
where the Princes had seized the Church reve-
nues, which were guaranteed to them by the
Treaty in question, Protestantism was established.
In the other States, where the Princes were no
longer allowed to gain by a change, and where
the Clergy would have lost by a change, all
but then- honour, Catholicism continued the
established religion. Some of the Princes had
4 little trouble at first ; and it is recorded of

gyman in populous places : whereas, there is a
Catholic Priest in every Commune. But the
Protestant religion ceased to be regarded with
favour by the great, from the time Richelieu
succeeded in centering almost all power in the
King. The Protestant religion was in France
a handle to faction ; and if the Protestant
Nobles, who tried their fortune in the field
against the Catholics, had succeeded, the pea-
santry might have become as generally Protes-
tant as they are Catholic. In the present day,
the French inhabitants of towns regard the Pro-
testant and Catholic modifications of Christianity
with equal indifference. If they incline to any
religion, it is that modification of Christianity
which is spreading in New England, and which
has long been almost universal in Protestant
Germany and Switzerland. As to the spread of
the Catholic religion in England, it is, with very
few exceptions, he result of emigration. Few of
English race go over to Catholicism ; but there
are a few districts where there has always been a
Catholic population.—Morning Chronicle.
We have given, in an article from the Consti-
tut ionnel, an opinion respecting the fate of Con-
stantinople, which we fear will soon be verified
by its occupation, and permanent retention.
Another article from the Augsburg Gazette also
points to the same result ; but notwithstanding
the hints which are thus thrown out in an
iudi-
rect manner by the Russian Cabinet, there are
many who still pretend to believe in the mode-
ration of the Emperor, and who express them-
selves as if peace were as good as concluded,
without any dismemberment of the Turkish Em-
pire. Such a belief can only rest on two grounds
—first the determination of France and England
to protect the Ottoman empire ; and, secondly,
the moderation of the Russian Cabinet. With
regard to the former, we believe that no doubt
need be entertained ; but it is altogether another
question what effect this determination of France
and England may produce on the resolves of
the Russian autocrat. A great prize is within
his grasp, and one, too, which it would not be
easy to wrest from it ; and is it to be supposed,
that after expending so much blood and treasure
upon its acquisition, he will voluntarily resign it?
It would scarcely be reasonable, on the one hand,
to expect it ; and, on the other, such magna-
nimity would be utterly inconsistent with the
well-known policy of the Russian Cabinet, which
never yet gained a victory or made a conquest
which it did mot attempt to turn to advantage.
Let us hear what Colonel Evans says on the
subject, in his work on the " Designs of Russia."
" It may not be irrelevant," he observes, " to re-
mark upon the similarity of the present proceedings
nerally With those adopted towards Poland. In
that memorable transaction also, one of the interven-
tional pretences, frequently advanced by the northern
cabinet, was a religious one. A sixth of the Poles
were of the Greek church, which was not the domi-'
mint one. The Empress declared, that all exclusions
on account . of religious belief were contrary to a
' law of nature,' that those so situated were ab-
solved from all national allegiance, and had a right
to appeal to the rest of the human race, and choose
from amongst them judges, allies, and protectors.'
If this be still the doctrine of the Russian Court, it
affords matter for consideration. and certainly great
scope for its benevolence. Where, in effect, it may
be asked, is the country which might be exempt
from the influence of so sweeping a clause, or from
the interference of so universal a protector of sects ?
" One of the last declaratory acts preliminary to
tismembertneut of Poland, after setting forth her
autocratic Majesty's great love of peace, aati, how.
careful she had been to preserve it, runs thus-:-7,
Filled with these sentiments, it is with regret that
the Empress sees his Polish Majesty follow different

maxims with regard to her, and make no return tei
her friendly proceedings # but by proceedings di-
rectly opposite,' &c. &c. The further instances of her
Majesty's friendly regard are now matter of history.
" The people of England were, we are informed,
filled with surprise and indignation at the partition
of the republic. The Cabinets of London, Paris,
Stockholm, and Copenhagen, loudly remonstrated.
How fruitlessly need not be told! Nevertheless,
Poland was very far from being a primary object
with her Majesty. The priority in subjugation was
indeed yielded to this ill-fated country—not so much
because of the extreme facilities afforded by its dis-
tracted condition (which was so cruelly no less than
adroitly aggravated and administered to)—but in a
considerable degree because of the strength the
yet uncorrupted party were rapidly gaining, leading,
it was apprehended, to their being able to protect
and vindicate the national integrity, if not imme-
diately crushed. _

" Finally, a very casual inquiry into the proceed-
ing of the half Asia.ic, half European Cabinet,
shews most incontestibly, that though Russia is
physically without a rival, it is resolved not to rely
alone on force; and thus it is that we see schemes
of a gigantic violence carried on with as much cau-
tion, craft, and stealthy tortuousness, as if there were
no other means for executing them than the con-
dottieri of the times of Caesar Borgia.
" It is now obvious to all, that if an able, am-
bitious, and ardent Prince should succeed to the
Muscovite crown, there will be much difficulty, to
say the least of it, on the part of the other states of
the European confederacy, in maintaining themselves
against him. The autocrat Nicholas may be of that
character, for aught that is generally known to the
contrary. The subjugation of nations, who are in-
ferior in the scale of social life, is happily not al-
ways an unmixed evil,—inasmuch as improvements
are, in such instances, introduced in the train of the
victorious army, which may go far to redeem the
violation of general right. When the picture is re-
versed—when semi-barbarians overcome a civilized
people, it inflicts an immedicable wound upon the
best interests of mankind."

Colonel Evans's work was published twelve
months ago, and every thing that has occurred
since has tended to confirm his opi►►ions. A few
days, however, will put the matter beyond doubt;
and 61, then we shall forbear further comment,
merely remarking, that if Nicholas surrender the
prize which is now within his grasp, he will be
justly entitled to be considered as even more
moderate and peaceful than he has been success-
ful and fortunate.—Morning Advertiser.

* " The Emperor sees with grief that the Porte, in-
stead of duly appreciating this truly friendly policy," &c.
(1828)-13 it friendly to encourage and league with the
Greeks? Is it friendly to bribe the Janissaries ?

SMUGGLING IN THE NAME OF TilE
ENGLISH AMBASSADOR.

(Copied from a Calais Paper by the ConstitutionneL)

CALAIS, SEPT. 26.—The journals of the Congre-
gation, and of seryilism, overwhelmed by the ener-
getic protests of public opinion against the compo-
sition of the new Ministry, unceasingly repeat to us
" Wait for acts—do not prejudge the teen." Well,
here are acts, and very grave ones, since they reveal
• the humiliating dependence of France upon England,
and show also the cause of part of the distress under
which our commerce and industry labour. For a
week past the town of Calais, which contains a
population of more than 4,000 individuals, employed
in the manufacture of tulle, has been thrown into
the greatest consternation ; every one asks if our
Ministers are Frenchmen or slaves, and it would not
be difficult to answer the question. On the 22d of
July last, the inhabitants of this port witnessed the
disembarkation of ten cases, declared as beer, car-
pets, saddlery; they were directed to the Custom-
house at Paris. They had leaden seals, and were
not looked at by the officers, being for the establish-
ment of Lord Stuart, the English Ambassador at
the Court of France. No one was astonished about
them, for it is known that from diplomatic considera-
tions, Ambassadors have the privilege of ordering
from their own country, free from duty, articles
necessary for their establishment. The only mys-
tery was, why Lord Stuart, who had furnished his
house a long time since, should want such a con-
siderable quantity of household articles; and this
idea occurred to the Custom-house officers at Calais
and Paris.

We can now make it known, that seven cases,
marked " L. S." weighing together • about 1,475
kilogrammes (a kilogramme is rather more than two
English pounds), seized at the Paris Custom•house,
have been sent back to this port to be re-exported
to England. The Custom-house officers at Calais
employed three days (the 10th, 11th, and 12th of
September) in visiting them, and never was an
operation performed with more strictness and pre-
c.tution. Five of these cases, numbered from 3to
7, contained a large quantity of English goods, such
WI poplins, figured stuff for waistcoats, gilt articles,
tobacco, varnished leather, &c.
The weight of all these articles were 660 kilo-
grammes. The other cases, :numbered 1 and 2,
weighed about 815 kilogrammes, and were filled
with tulle in pieces and bands, and one of the cases
contained more than 4,000 pieces. During the in-
spection, the inhabitants of Calais, who assembled
in crowds round the doors of the Custom-house,
openly declared that they recognized the seven cases
us having formed part of those sent from Calais on
the 22d of July ; that the Custom-house officers of
Paris had seized them, but that, at the demand of
Lord Stuart, M. de Polignac, at the termination of
a council of Ministers, opposed himself to their con-
fiscation ; that in order to afford Wellington a proof
of his courtesy, he had given orders for their restitu-
tion, with the understanding that they should be re-
exported. Thus, at the moment when our com-
merce is a prey to the greatest alarm, our laws are
sacrificed to the most shameful deferences, inspired
by the contempt to which our Minister has de-
voted us.

.On Sunday, the 13th of September, the ship
Julie sailed with the seven cases for England. Six
Custom-house officers escorted the vessel, and did
not leave her till she was a considerable distance out
at sea. This solemn departure was announced along
all the coast from Dunkirk to BoulOgne, and the
Custom-house officers never before received such
strict injunctions of watchfulness. Nobody, ho w-
ever, is duped by this pretended seventy. The ad-
ministration of the Custom-house wishes to surround

itself with every appearance ofjustice; but its affec-
tation is great. Placed between its duty and the
orders of a minister, it ought not to have hesitated,
and we must believe that it only obeyed with regret:
The town of Calais only sees in these unusual
measures a greater proof of the violation of the law,
and of that odious complaisance towards a ministry
always ready to please these dear English, who do
not blush to shield their guilty designs with the
safeguard of their ambassadors, in contempt of the
rights of nations, and of the hospitality which we
bestow upon them with a noble confidence. What
a degradation of feeling I What incredible duplicity !
According to the most moderate calculation, the
815 kilogrammes of tulle would cost our manufac-
turers 160,000 f., and produce 70,0001. worth of la-
bour. Our commerce can hardly compete against
the tulle introduced by' fraud, which pays a premium
of insurance of from 25 to 30 per cent., and our
manufacturers must evidently succumb before those
masses of English merchandise introduced so easily,
and distributed through the kingdom with impu-
nity, and thrown into our market at a 0 per cent.
under our prices. Calais is in alarm, and in its in-
dignation it asks what France has. done that she
should be governed by men who thus betray her
dearest interests._

•A letter from Bordeaux, received on the 26th of
September at Havre, speaks, but ia too vague a
manner to deserve credit, of a massacre alleged to
have been committed at Buenos Ayres, in which
.2,000 persons are said to have lost their lives. The
departure of the French division was mentioned as

the signal for this carnage; and the alleged prOldr,
tion was the party violence which now afflicts 11
unhappy republic of La Plata. Happily, this 210
requires confirmation.
Notwithstanding the rain yesterday, the he,
races in the Champ de Mars were very fashionorai,
attended. There were four heats, each for a pr.!:
of 1,200 f., the first of which was won by Olt
the second by Sylvio, the third by Cariana, and t 7
fourth by Clio. Two or three accidents occult'
and one young man received considerable injury 9.1
being thrown from his horse.