The Sun.
London, England, 1827-12-14 00:00:00

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two pairs of horses

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ample, and bon-mot, it may meet the eyes of many who
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The EXAMINER, for the Years 1809 to 1826, both
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THE SPEAKING FRENCH GRAMMAR,
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STEADS.

IreA, ambilit executing these
two or-three - days; must also
nt. Add the saving of horse-
ii,eases awl death, of horse lodg-
;hmen and carters, and of capi-
engine of twenty horses power,
ighs, harrows, waggons, sowing,
machines, would certainly cost
ones and their harness. One or
__ might, under such an •arrange-
ment, be all that was necessary on even the largest
farm.

If small farmers could. not afford to purchase
steam-ploughs or steam-harrows, a . class of men
would arise, after the trial was made and their
value determined, who would possess such machines,
and work them for . the farmers for hire. There
would be nothing in such an, arrangement more than
a new application of the principle of the division of
labour.

Possibly the progress of civilizatton, refinement,
and wealth, in consequence ot'tlie unrestricted com-
mercial intercourse of all cotuitricte, and the universal
diffusion of knowledge among all `ranks, may ulti-
mately tend to what may be palled"' characteristic
appropriation of the earth's`surface; that is, the
employment of varied and t agreeable surfaces, in
favourable climates as human residence's; and of
flat,'dull, mountainous, or unhealthy stirfaces.foitha
growth of corn, timber, or fuel, and the-breeding of
live stock. The power of steam would cultivate
the flat surfaces, and convey their produce, rorn.one
end of a kingdom to the other, as easily and rapidly
as men and horses now convey the, produce through
a parish ; and, is Dr. Arnett observes, the house and
grounds of a citizen of London, now twenty miles
from town, would, by the rapidity of conveyance,
become in effect within two miles. Ant, it such a
result, in regard to the world generally, is very ye-
mote, it will hardly be denied that it is a very pos-
sible case in regard to Europe ; and it will not
occupy much space to /mace the suitableness of the
surface of Europe for such an arrangement. No
country is in almost every part so well 'adapted for
human residences as England : even Italy has its
unhealthy districts, and there are extensive plains in
Spain, Prange, Germany, and Russia, better adapt-
ed for bearing corn, than for that kind of domestic
agriculture adapted to the country residences of men
of leisure. By far the greater portion of Russia is,
from its climate and flat surface, totally unfit for the
elegant or even comfortable enjoyment of a country
life; taking the average of its whole extent, it may
be said to be half the year under snow, spring and
autumn are in a great measure wanting, and the mid-
day heat of summer is as great as in Italy : the inha-
bitants, therefore, are necessarily without most of the
elegant enjoymentsof agriculture, and without most of
the natural beauties of country scenery. bit the whole
territory, from the Baltic to the Black Sea, is ad-
mirably adapted for the culture• of corn, and this
in a great degree, for the very reasons why it is so
ill adapted for rural enjoyment. In consequence of
the prolonged covering of. snow, no soil is prepared
for the seed with so little labour, none requires so
little manure, none is so free from root-weeds, and
no surface is more even, less in want of draining or
irrigation, or less liable to suffer from drought or
rain. All these circumstances are particularly'fa-
vourable for the culture of annual plants. • Corn is
an annual, which comes rapidly to perfection, and
therefore can be. grown in as great abundance in
Russia as in France and Spain, and far better than
in Germany, where the soil is in many parts arid.
Russia, therefore, seems formed by nature to be
the corn and potatoe field of Europe ; and, if ever
this should take place, the employment of steam in
agriculture will there be exhibited to as great ad-
vantage as its employment in manufactures is in
England. But we shall submit to much of what
we have advanced being called wild speculation,.
provided we shall hear of some one adopting the,
steam-engine to the plough or harrow.

PLAN FOR MOORING SHIPS IN -ROAD-

(From the New York Journal of conr"merce.).

- -
In a country whose attention has been se steadily
directed to her naval prosperity as that of England
has been, it may perhaps appear surprising that some .
attempt has not been made., or rather, that any means
should have been left untried, for effectually securing
ships in roadsteade ; as every heavy gale of wind is
sure to be followed by an account of vessels driven
from their anchors, on some part of the coast or
other, and too frequently accompanied with a me-
lancholy catalogue of loss of life and property. The
only grand national works that have been undertaken
to guard against so great a calamity, are the break-
waters at Plymouth and Kingston ; but however
creditable these works may be to the nation, and
however well they may answer the purpose intended,
their great expence must be a serious obstacle to their
ever being generally adopted throughout the country.
The following plan is therefore submitted with due
deference to the public; and if it should be the
means of saving a single vessel from shipwreck, the
object of the writer will be attained. It is very
simple, and will easily be understood from the
figure. (The explanation will be sufficiently dis-
tinct, without a copy of the figure.) It consists
merely in securing a large buoy, by means of a block
of cast-iron, so that it cannot be moved by stress of
weather, to which a vessel, can make fast, instead of:
letting go her anchor.