The Sun.
London, England, 1827-12-28 00:00:00

UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

CAMBRIDGE, DEC. 28.—The Plumian Professor-
ship of Astronomy is vacant by the death of Robert
Woodhouse, Esq. The electors are, the Vice-
Chancellor, the Masters of Trinity, Christ's, and
St. John's Colleges, and the Lucasian Professor.
The following gentlemen were ordained by the
Lord Bishop of Lincoln, in. Christ College Chapel,
in this University, on Sunday last :

nEacoss.
John Foster Alleyne, B.A. Balliol College, Oxon.
Samuel Boydell Beckwith, B.A. St. John's Coll. Oxon.
Norris Cogswell, B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge.
Thomas Darby, B.A. Downing College, Cambridge.
Septimus Dawes, B.A. Caius College, Cambridge.
Robert Drummond, B.A. Trinity College, Cambridge.
Field Flowers, B.A. Lincoln College, Oxon.

George Lea, B.A. Wadham College, Oxon.
William Paull, B.A. St. John's College, Cambridge.
William Christopher Purton, B.A. Sidney College, Catnb.
Francis De Soyres, B.A. Merton College, Oxon.
Richard Stainforth, B.A. Queen's College, Cambridge.
Win. Henry Edward Tighe, B.A. Trin. College, Camb,
George James Cubitt, B.A. Caius Coll. Carob.
Arthur Hanbury, B.A. Trin. Coll. Camb.
Samuel Stone, B.A. Caius College, Camb.
By Let. Dim. from the Bishop of Norwich.

PRIESTS.
Richard Andrew, ALA. Trinity College, Cambridge.

Henry Cape, B.A. Fellow of Caius College, Cambridge.
Samuel Crowther, B.A. Clare Hall, Cambridge.
Charles Dade, B.A. Fellow of Caius College, Cambridge.
Joshua Fred. Denham, B.A. St. John's College, Camb.
George Maurice Drummond, B.A. Balliol College, Oxon.
William Jennings Hamilton, B.A. Pemb. Coll. Camb.
Theyre Townsend Smith, B.A. Queen's College, Gunb.
At an ordination held by the Lord Bishop of
Peterborough, in his cathedral, on Sunday last, the
following gentlemen were admitted into holy orders:

DEACON.
Thomas Peach lloldieh, B.A. Balliol College, Oxon.

PRIESIs.
Miles Joseph Berkeley, B.A. Christ College, Cambridge.
Charles William Chalklen, B.A. Trin. College, Camb.
John Henry Fludyer, B.A. St. John's College, Camb.
John Law, B.A. Queen's College, Cambridge.

A Field Officer's Guard of the Coldstream
Regiment of Foot Guards will leave town this day for
Greenwich, to lie in readiness to form a Guard of Honour
to his Royal Highness Don Mtct:E►., in case, as is ex-
pected, his Royal Highness should arrive this day.
FASHIONABLE ARRIVALS. —Lord Ellen-
borough, in Piccadilly ; Sir William Cunningham, Bart.
in Piccadilly ; the Dowager Marchioness of Salisbury, at
her house in Arlington-street, from Hatfield; Mr. and
Mrs. Manning, in Grosvenor-place ; Captain Bennet, in
St. James's-street ; General Armstrong, in Pall-mall ;
Rev. R. Cottar, in Brook-street, from Dorsetshire ; the
lion. William Burrell, at Whitehall, from William Camp-
bell, Esq.'s seat in Kent ; Aliss Elliot, at 'Whitehall, from
Bath; Captain and Mrs. Gibbs, in Dover-street, from
Paris ; Mr. Crawford, Governor of Singapore, with his
family and suite, at Goald's Hotel, Jermyn-street ; the
Earl of Erroll, at the Royal Hotel, St. James's-street, from
Bushy Park; L. Ames, Esq. at ditto, from Bristol; the
Countess of Onslow and Lord Cranley, at the St. George's
Hotel, Albemarle-street, from their seat, Claudon, Sur•.
rey ; Captain Grieves, at Fenton's Hotel, St. James's-
street, from a tour ; J. Hobhouse, Esq. at ditto; Cap-
tain Hyde Parker, at ditto, from a tour.

DEPARTURES.--Major Law, for Ports-
mouth; Captain Corbould, for Manchester; Mr. and
Mrs. Carter, for Brighton ; Captain Sutherland, for
Chatham ; Major Vincent, for Bath ; Mr. and Mrs. Ni-
cholson, for Brighton ; W. Lushington, Esq. for his scat
near Sittingbourne ; Mr. and Mrs. Harvey, from Russell-
square, for their seat in Norfolk ; the Marquis of Queens-
berry, from the Royal Hotel, for his seat at Twickenham;
the Hon. T. Fiennes, from ditto, for Berks ; William Os-
wald, Esq. from ditto, for Bath.

CIT A NGES.—The Earl and Countess of
Bradford, at their beat, Weston Hall, from Castle Broom-
wich ; Captain George Howard, from Boroughbridge, in
Yorkshire, for Bath.

We mentioned yesterday, the melancholy
event, of the sudden death of Mr. HOLLAND, the principal
Acting Partner in the house of Messrs. BARING and Co.
We understand that Mr. HOLLAND, whose habits of business
made him unusually early in his attendance, came to the
counting-house from his residence at Itochampton, appa-
rently in perfect health. One of the clerks presented him
some letters for persual which had been just received, hut
he declined examining them, having,:as he observed, some
cheques to fill up previously. Ile retired to his private
room, and in a few minutes the clerks were alarmed at
hearing him fall from Lis seat. He was found on the
floor perfectly senseless, and in two minutes life was ex-
tinct. The usual assistance was resorted to, but it was
too late. Mr. HOLLAND had been a.:partner[in this very
eminent house about ten years, and is supposed to have
realized a fortune of nearly 300,0001. He was originally
in business at Trieste, and afterwards established a house
at Malta, the transactions of which requiring his residence
in England, he repaired to London, where his systematic
attention to business and knowledge of commercial affairs
attracted thelnotice of Messrs. BARING, and he was invited
6to become a member of the firm ; soon after which the
French loan, made in consequence of the arrangements of
'the Congress at Aix-la-Chapelle, was contracted for by the
house of FARING, and produced immense profits to the
whole of the partners. Mr. HOLLAND was aboutso years
of age, and extremely regular and temperate in his habits.

SPIRIT OP THE PUBLIC JOURNALS.

In our leading article of yesterday,we drew, its an
Inference from a fact which we commuuicated,.►fhat

the Turks were horribly averse to begin the war of
being beaten: One of our post-eotemporaries,—if
we may so designate an evening paper,—of the same
day, is not content with Guy reasoning, and asserts
that the Mussulmans are dew' mined upon hostilities;
and that, though they procrastinate from politic mo-
tives, " they are
.collecting and consolidating the
means of a desperate struggle." Very well !---let
our evening opponent have it so, if he likes. The
Turks then are decided upon war. The truth is,
that we meant to have explained the preceding pas-
;age, without any motive arising from the misappre-
hension which has been subsequently discovered,
mild to have said, that though the Turks were averse
to war, as they must be, against three of the most
powerful States of the world, yet that they were
more, or equally, averse to submit to the rule of
reason prescribed by those States. Let, not only all
England, therefore, but all Europe attend to this
fact,—that it is the Turk who will not rest quiet
without war; not the Allies ! And we write this
on the last day but three of the year; when nu de-
claration of war•, on either part, has yet been issued I
" Ay, but you have already beaten the Mussulmau
at Navarin," it may be said. We beat him there,
no doubt; but he was the first to fire into us,—not
we into him. We followed him into the Bay of
Navarin ;—we had ,a right ! We parleyed, or
attempted to parley, rYith him there;—we had
a right ; for we heard the cries of the Greeks
in his rear ! He answered our verbal inquiries
by musket-shot, and cannon-shot 'we replied
in the same language ;—we had a right. And now,
that which was an insulated fight, he wishes to eon-
vert into regular war; we are sorry for it—it is a
great pity for him ; but we must submit. in truth,
our Ambassadors have waited longer at Conswnti-
!apple than by the strict rules ofdiplomacy they were
allowed to do. But we would not lightly inflict

........_ .
the horrors of war : we would not seize upon a mat-
ter of form, in a case where substantial reason is on
our side. And let Europe &so reflect. upon the in-
dulgence which has been sho;vn to the Turk, we
believe in simple consideration of his barbarism.
Spain is a Christian country like oto'selves; her
colonies we'e her own children, owing
a kind of
obedience to the parent state : the injustice tO which
she subjected them, was not to be compared to the
miseries inflicted on the Greeks; yet we have ite-

knowledged the independence Of the Spain-de.,
scended States of South America in detriment to

Old Spain, our Christian brother and friend. Up to
the present moment, we have not recognized the
independence of Greece by any formal act. The
very principle of our intervent►on was, that she
should pay a tribute; but it was not to be a tribute
of blood : nature revolts at the idea. The Mus-
,uhnan, therefore, must allow that Cit:Tistian States
have shown more delicacy in attempting to arrest his
career of cruelty, than in interposing to co►Tect the
tyranny of each other.—Timcs.
- - - -

-
It is observed by a contemporary (the Globe), it
treating of the Poor Laws, " There is no doubt that
parish officers are often guilty of harshness (thought
less frequently guilty of unjust harshness when they
ire acquainted with the persons who claim relief) ;
but this harshness, and their interested vigilance, are
tha means by which an indiscriminate legal provi-
sion for the indigent, which has been supposed by
some theoretical philosophers to involve in it the de-
struction of national wealth and industry, has pro-
duced no such effect; but for two centuries after it
was enacted, seemed to improve the condition of
those who were employed, as well as to preserve
the unemployed from actual starvation. kis un-
questionable, as an historical fact, that the deteriora-
tion of the condition of the labouring poor, in a great;
iyirt of England, has begun and grown at the same
time with the attempt to liberalize the Poor Laws
—to relax the Law of Settlement—to moderate the
harshness of parish officers, and to introduce (in-
stead of their allowance to the poor, which to

trangers often appeared arbitrary and capri-
cious), a uniform scale of payment, the
title to which grew at last to be considered
fixed as that to a rent or annuity. Occasional
harshness was thus, no doubt, prevented ; but the
poor, being practically relieved from the regtraints
to which they were accustomed, have, in agricultu-
ral districts, fallen in condition and character." We
cordially agree with our contemporary, that the de-
terioration of the people began with the attempt to
liberalize the Poor Laws, and we have more than

once expressed the opinion, that one of the first mea-
sures in the way of remedying the evil must be the
rendering the Law of Settlement more rigid. There
no subject on which the Political Economists,
with very few exceptions, are less satisfactory than
pauperism. They seem to flounder amongst con-
tradictory principles; or rather, they adopt conclu-
sions from premises which have been exploded,
while they do not draw the proper conclusions from
another set of premises. What Adam Smith has
said on the subject of Poor Laws, has had great in-
fluence on the opinions of most of the Economists
who have succeeded him. But though Adam Smith
was well aware that labour, like every other commo-
dity, is regulated by the proportion between the sup-
ply and the demand, he had very indistinct notions
on the subject of population; and without a tho-
rough knowledge of this important branch of politi-
cal economy, our notions respecting pauperism must
be vague in the extreme. " The very unequal price
of labour (says Smith), which we frequently find
England in places at no great distance from one
:mother, is probably owing to the obstruction which
the Law of Settlements gives to a poor man who
would carry his industry from one parish to another
without a certificate. A single man, indeed, who is
healthy and industrious, may sometimes reside by
sufferance without one : but a man with a wife and
family who should attempt to do so, would in most
parishes be sure of being removed ; and if the single
man should afterwards marry, he would generally be
removed likewise. The scarcity of hands in one
parish, therefore, cannot always be relieved by their
superabundance in another, as it is constantly in
Scotland, and I believe in all other countries Where
there is no difficulty of settlement. In such coun-
tries, though wages may sometimes rise a little in
the neighbourhood of a great town, or wherever
else there is extraordinary demand for labour, and
the
fu.rneaacs:osutriiltlatbhiecy
differencesfa l back kt thet
hem, commonge
sr aot
fe
ef
sink gradually as the distance from such places in-
in
country ; yet we never meet with those sadden and
igh-
bowing places which we sometimes find in England,
where it is often more difficult for a poor man
to pass the artificial boundary of a parish, than an
inn of the sea, or a ridge of high mountains—.
natural boundaries, which sometimes separate cry
distinctly different rates of wages in other countries.
ro remove a man who has committed no misde-
fneanour from the parish where he chooses to reside,
is an evident violation of natural liberty and justice.
rile common people of England, however, so jealous
rf their liberty, but, like the common people of most
other countries, never rightly understanding wherein
it, consists, have now for more than a century
together suffered themselves to be exposed to this
ippression without a remedy. Though men of re-
flection, too, have sometimes complained of the Law
9f Settlements as a public grievance, vet it has
their en' ,_
iever been the object of any general popular clamour
•atelt as that against general warrants—an abusive
is misplaced it: society fat'
:practice undoubtedly, but such a one as was not
:ikely.to occasion any general oppression. There is
scarce a poor man iii
poor amid
ofri fortym uyseta rrseoc
of till::
[ will venture to say,,cdo
fw who has
crilatarit7l,:i
inut7e:rap: aerivjt.oeuorslf:
h
his life, felt himself most cruelly oppressed by
this ill-contrived Law of Settlements."
t,oy a,osurthei,rice of As to
ton
ti
restraints of anions '
eti
lo
gel a,ttiilao
ltsamdevofann,
trazgatetsu
Irentselves to
cddhtolli;denr:
grave, we are in constant •
5 kinds. The qucs"
tion is, are the restraints n
-ecessarr with reference
,!ruhcbrrnia
ceotioonrnactthz