The Sun.
London, England, 1829-06-12 00:00:00

THE ELEION TESTIMONIAL.

(r*"o,l •)i:P.!:SPONnENT.)

The persons who ate (211;1o:wowing to get tip
what is called the Eldon Testimonial, are neatly the
same as those who got up the Anti-Catholic Peti-
tions in the metropolis. It might not, perhap., be
improper to suggest to these persons, as well as to
the Noble individual for whom the testimonial is
intended, that it would come with a better grace if
something in the shape of a testimonial of remem-
brance were previously given to the various trades-
men, whose bills, on account of the Anti-Catholic
petitions, remain unpaid. Whatever might have been
their determination to " shed the last drop of their
blood," if necessary, in defence of " the Glorious
Constitution, as by law established," of " Protestant
' Ascendancy," &.:•. no disposition has been evinced to
spend the last or even the first shilling of their
money in return for labour expended in that great
cause, upon a promise that it should be paid for.
The eloquent preacher of one of the Inns of Court,
who aided them with his pen, and the other well
beneficed clergymen whose common cause (the
cause of tithes) was fought, would do well to con.
sider whether their spiritual welfare would mot be
promoted by some temporal sacrifices in behalf of
their recognized labourers. The following is a copy
of the account of expenditure recently rendered to
the agitators by one of their leaders, who of course
is answerable for its accuracy. It is curious, as
showing the nature of the machinery requisite on
such occasions, and how much exertion is needed,
to move the people to come forward in these dege-
nerate times in defence of their " dearest rights.'

STATEMENT OF THE EXPENSES OF THE LONDON AND

WESTMINSTER PROTESTANT PETITION S. •••••-MAY 23.

Paid the Current Expenses of the Petitions
whilst lying for Signature from the 14th
of February to the 14th of March, at 87
different stations (including Rent of Rooms,
Men's Wages, Porters, and Bill Stickers),
and for Coach Hire, &c. £729 16 0
BILLS UNPAID, VIZ.
Fur Printing, Parchment, Sta-

tionerv, and Clerks...about £ll4O 4 0
Advertisements about 195 12 0

Crown and Anchor ....ditto 300 0 0

Hire of Cirriages ditto 56 4 0
Rent of Rooms, for Peti-
tions (left due) about 18 0 0

.1710 0 0

Total Expenses, about £2439 16 0
RECEIVED TOWARDS THE ABOVE.

Club Subscriptions £6O 14 0
Donations . lB6 10 0
Subscriptions at the Crown and Anchor (re-
ceived Eby Mr. Bageter in part of his Ac-
count), supposed about 251.

£247 4 0

LOANS, ViZ.
Mr. Pownali .£so 0 0
Mr. Wigg
Mr. Thomas
Mr. Blake

Mr. Franks ...
Mr. Harris
Mr. Halegmb .

£145 0 0
387 12 0

482 12 0

£729 16 0

£482 12 0 Loan.
1710 0 0 Bills unpaid.

£2192 12 0 Total deficiency.

UNPAID BILLS.

Mr. Turner Printer, and Parchment £3BB 17 2
Bagster Tavern Bill about 300 0 0
*Duke...Printer, Parchment, Stationer, and Clerks 218 5 I
Mrs. coulsby Printer 93 3 0
Mr. King Ditto 5B 5 0
Steele Ditto, Stationer, &Clerks 101 6 2
Moves Ditto 97 5 0
Messrs. Ibbotson and Co Ditto 3O 12 0
-- Starkie and Cripps ....Parchment l9 3 4
Mr. Glindon Printer about 50 0 0
Justins Ditto 27 5 0
Pavior Ditto 6 3 4
Spratt Ditto 7 13 t;
Taylor i fitto 23 9 0
Brettell Ditto - 4 0 0
Wakefield Ditto 5 11 6
Messrs. Wood and Sons Ditto 3 5 0
Mr. Belcher Carriages hired --about .16 0 0
Nelson Ditto 4 4 0
Butler Ditto... about 16 0 0
Gower - Rent of Room, &e 8 0 0
Jackson Ditto lO 0 0
Courier Newspaper Advertisements 39 0 0
Morning Journal Ditto 39 9 0
Chronicle Ditto 3814 6
----- Post Ditto 2l 0 0
Standard Ditto 2O 8 0
.lobe Ditto B' 8 0

Star Ditto 4 12 0
St. James's Chronicle Ditto
Public Ledger Ditto ll 0 6
John Bull Ditto l3 0 0
Vigers and Son Carpenters
Mills and Sons Stationers 3 3 0

£l7lO 7 1

MONEY- IMMEDIATELY WANTED, VIZ.

:or Turner . on account XlOO 0 0
Duke ' ditto 80 0 0
Muyes ditto 50 0 0
Soulsby ditto 50 0 0
King 5B 5 0
Ditto, Law Expenees
Glindon about 50 0 0
Taylor
.. 23 9 0
Starkie and Co
Jackson
Gower

448 17 4
Acceptance due 28th May l5O 0 0

Newspapers..

598 17 4
195 12 0

794 9 I
Acceptance due 6th June (Turner)... 50 0 0

£B4l 9 4

Mr. Secretary PEEL has taken a house at
Hastings. He arrived there on Monday in a yacht from
the Isle of Wight.—Plymouth Journal.

We shall be much obliged to any person more
in the secret than we can pretend to be, to explain the pro-
cess by which it was contrived to prevent the attendance
of a sufficient number of Members to form a House, on
the night fixed for one of the most important Motions of
the Session—we allude to the motion of which notice was
given by Sir Roux. VYV TAN. Every one has heard of
the whippers-in attached to a certain Popular Assembly,
but on the occasion alluded to we are much misinformed
if the duties of those meritorious functionaries were not
inverted, and whipping-out was the Order of the Day—
this is a more summary and effectual process even than
cushioning—but both are eccasionally useful. —Morning
Chronicle.

The hay-harvest has commenced in this neigh-
bourhood, but in motne places it is scarcely worth cutting,
owing to the continued drought. The price has conse-
quently risen from Se. 6d. to 4e. 6d. per cwt. The wheat
promises well, but the barley and oats will, we fear, prove
a scanty crop. The same cause has done great injury to
the fruit ; the strawberries are, in particular, very generally
dried up. In short the complaint for want of rain in this
district is universal.—Plymouth Journal.

At the late meeting of deputies on the India
and China trade in London, it was determined that the
Liverpool Committee should form the central Committee
of correspondence for the whole kingdom. The London
merchants are unfortunately too much trammelled by the
East India Company, or too much interested in the private
trade now carried on to India, to put themselves forward
as advocates of a better system; and the work of stirring
up Parliament to throw open the trade will therefore de-
volve on the outports and t4e manufacturing towns, of
which there is none, from the intelligence, respectability,
and energy of its merchants, so well calculated to take the
lead as Liverpool—Liverpool Times.

One of the beautiful swans in the Park lately
batched a brood of five cygnets on the small island oppo-
site the new Palace. The parent and her offspring now
adorn the piece of water in the Park, and attract numerous
admirers.

The sales of Cotton to-day amount to 3,000
bags, of which 1,000 bags are Brazils, and 400 Egyptians.
There is less Cotton offering in the market than of late.

The apples in the South Hams have in general
a heilthy appearance, and they are formed in great abun-
dance. The price of cider has declined in consequence.—
Dorset Oranicle.

INVASION OF INDIA.

(From an interetisirig Volwne jo4t, imi4ished, entified,
Reflection* on the Prcsent State British India.)

CHAP. 11.

ON TIIE DANf;I:1:. TO 1:1I11.11 TIIIITISII INDIA IS EX-

1.1?0,1 INVASION.

" La e.,s-ra noininanza e• color d'etha
Clie ykr.e, c va, e quei la discolors
Per eui me della terra acerba."
" The view just taken of the nature of our Indian
empire, suggests these two important inquiries.—
What are the dangers to which Ilindosfan is ex-
posed in the event of its being invaded by a power-
ful enemy capable of meeting a British army in the
field ? and, what degree of attachment can the
natives be supposed to bear to our name and go-
vernment ? Upon the first of these points, a few
observations will form the subject of the present
chapter.
" The most careless reader of Indian history cannot
have failed to observe, that every Asiatic people,
with whom the British forces have come into con-
tact, have shown themselves unable to resist the
European system of war and discipline. Yet past
exploits, and the transactions under the administra-
tions of Lords Wellesley and Minto, were not of
themselves sufficiently decisive upon this head, to
convince those who had taken a superficial view of
the causes of our success; and the then impending
conflict with Nepaul, which may be said to have
been bequeathed as a state legacy to Lord Hastings,
Was by many considered to be the experiment=
crucis of the military character of the Indian Go-
vernment. So, indeed, it proved to be, as far as
tactics and discipline were concerned ; for it was by
our superiority on those points alone that the strug-
gle was decided in our favour. The Nepaulese
were superior in physical strength, if not in per:-
sonal courage, to the greater part of our troops;
they had numbers at their command, and their
country abounded in natural obstacles and de-
fensive positions; yet by the effect of com-
prehensive military arrangement, assisted by good
discipline, were all these advantages set at
nought, and the war, so formidable in its first aspect,
brought to a successful termination in two short
campaigns. Still, although the splendid govern-
ment of Lord Hastings achieved this great and im-
portant triumph, which, in addition to those masterly
operations which his Lordship directed against the
Mabrattas and Pindurries, appeared to place the
Company's territories in a state of permanent secu-
rity, there yet remained one enemy with whom the
Indian army had not measured its strength; and as
Lord Minto had left the war of Nepaul to him, so
Lord Hastings left that of Ava to his successor. In
the event, however, the Burmese proved to be
even less formidable than any antagonist whom the
British had hitherto been tempted to meet in the
field; and the dismemberment of their empire, to-
gether with the establishment of military stations in
Cachar, Arracan, and on the borders of Pegue,
effectually put it out of their power to molest the
Bengal Government in future, even if their con-
temptible character in a military point of view, did
not render the occurrence of such a contingency
comparatively unimportant. Thus, while the in-
terior of India is entirely under British influence or
authority, the whole frontier of that vast tract is
tenanted by states, which not only have felt the
weight of our arms, but which have been compelled
to admit resident officers at their Courts, or in their
immediate vicinity, to watch over and report upon
their conduct. The Seiks, who witnessed the opera-
tions of the British army in 1805, and have since
acknowledged our influence, form no material excep-
tion to this general arrangement.
" Whether it be in consequence of the influence of
climate, or of imperfect social institutions, or, as is
more probable, of both, it is observable that the
Asiatic nations have shown themselves less suscep-
tible of consistent and sustained exertions of warlike
skill, in proportion as the country which they inhabit
approaches towards the tropics. The- sun, which
imparts its fire and vivacity to them, seems to deny
them •the exercise of judgment and discretion. Even
the natural advantages of a strong country appear to
form no exception to the truth of this remark ; and
whilst the mountaineers of Nepaul excel the inhabi-
tants of the hilly regions -of Southern India, includ-
ing Ceylon, the, latter made a much firmer stand
against the Moguls -and the English, than the tribes
established in the fastnesses of Java have shown
themselver capable of in their resistance to the
Dutch.* Many of the natives now alluded to had
acquired considerable knowledge in the arts of war
and government; the Nepaulese and Burmese had
subjugated several neighbouring states and pro-
vinces; but the latter, in particular, after pursuing
the career of conquest with remarkable spirit for a
series of years, had apparently become contented
with what they had acquired; and, without evincing
any genius for improvement, had deteriorated in the
stupid tyranny of their domestic government, in pro-
portion as they had relaxed from the energy of their
foreign policy. It seems indeed, to be a law of
nature, that nothing in the history of mankind shall
be stationary; to cease to advance in the career of
improvement, is to retrograde; and thus we in-
variably find, that the half-civilized portions of the
globe, when no longer acted upon by their first im-
pulse, become alike the prey either of the civilized
portion on the one band, or of the complete barbarian
on the other. Thus the half-civilized states of
China, Persia, and Hindostan, showed themselves
as unable to resist the barbarian Tartar tribes, as the
Asiatics of modern times have been to withstand
the attacks of European invaders; whilst the Tar.

tar conquerors, in their turn, when they came to par-
take of the half-civilised character of the conquered,
evinced themselves utterly incompetent to withstand
the discipline and organized institutions of Great
Britain and Russia.

" The same reasoning which is applicable to the
English in their present attitude as an Asiatic
power, is equally so to Russia; with this considera-
tion, indeed, which gives additional force to it, that
the latter is in a manner compelled, by her natural
position, to that collision with the weaker states,
which the former has traversed half the globe to pro-
voke. It is evident, however, that the same train of
consequences must in both cases attend upon the
conflict between a people rapidly advancing in civili-
zation, and one, if not in the act of retrograding, cer-
tainly almost stationary; and that, in proportion as
the southern provinces of the Russian empire profit
by the attention which is bestowed upon them by
the Government, the Autocrat of the North will be
assailed by the same temptations to aggrandize him-
self at the expence of his semi-barbarous neighbours,
which the East India Company's agents were un-
able to resist in their progress towards the conquest
of Hindostan. Nor are the facilities which the Rus-
sians enjoy for the proseCution of such enterprises,
at all inferior to those which their superior maritime
strength conferred upon the English. The water-
communication between the Baltic and the Caspian
is complete and uninterrupted : from St. Peters-
burgh to the Neva, a canal runs along the margin of
Lake Ladoga to the Walkowa, from which the navi-
gation is continued by the Nesta and the Sna, to
another canal which joins the Tuertoa, of which the
waters flow into the %Volga ; so that military stores
can be conveyed, with comparatively small risk or
expence, not only to the southern and eastern shores
of the Caspian, but probably to the centre of Kho-
rasan, or to the confines of Cahn].
" In weighing the inducements which are thus
held out to Russia to aggrandize herself, it cannot
but be perceived that the great prize at which she
aims must undoubtedly be Hindustan. Persia, and
the countries immediately contiguous, offer compa-
ratively but a feeble temptation; the barren sod of
the former, and its deficiency in navigable streams,

* By recent advices, however, it would appear that the
extremely weak state of the European establishments of the
Dutch in Java, has at length tempted the natives of that
island to rise awl make strenuous efforts to recover their
independence. If the character here given of the Southern
Asiatics does not operate to the disadvantage of the Java-
nese, we may shortly hear of the Dutch being totally ex-
pelled the island.

render it unfit fist and worthless aS a
conquest; whilst the tracts lying between Oren-
berg and Balkh contain so great a proportion of de-
sert and uninhabitable land, that, notwithstanding
the advantages to be derived from the fine streams
which now into the Sea of Aral and the Caspian,
any extensive settlement in that quarter would be a
work of time and difficulty.. It is probable, then,
Russia would covet no mo.e of either than to afford
her a safe and easy communication with the terri-
tories immediately adjacent to India. The whole
line of her frontier, from the Seas of Kamtschatka
and Oxhotok to the Caspian, is so well guarded by
. the cautious policy of the Chinese, no less than by
natural obstacles, that, taking into consideration the
scanty population and bleak climate of Siberia, loge-
titer with the difficulty of assembling a large force in
those quarters, there can be little encouragement for
her to attempt an advance in that direction. But
when her frequent wars with Turkey and Persia
are considered ; the armies so long concentrated in
Georgia and Armenia; the military colonies planted
in her southern provinces, together with the now
long-established habits of the people of those parts,
which have reconciled them to the inconvenience of
their situation, and taught them to meet the exigen-
cies attendant upon so warlike a neighbourhood, we
cannot but perceive that, whether from the elasticity
of an increasing poptilation,4 or from the wish to
employ large masses of troops, which it might be
alike expensive and dangerous to remand to the
northern provinces, the country extending towards
our eastern possessions is the line of least resistance,
and the direction in which the explosion must have
taken place.
" On the other hand, if to the operation of natu-
cal causes, as just described, we add the stimulus of
political rivalry, we may be assured that every cir-
cumstance conspires to produce the collision of
Great Britain and Russia on the confines of India,
and that at no very distant period. Russia, at least,
will leave nothing unattempted to accelerate the
meeting, or rather to place the occurrence of that
meeting entirely at her own option in point of time;
for in what other qualities can she detect a vulne-
rable point in the armour of her mighty antagonist,
or where could she desire a nobler field on which to
measure her colossal strength with her undaunted
rival, than on the plain of Hindostan.
" In discussing the probability of such an attack
being made upon India, the mind naturally recurs to
the Macedonian conquest : and with reference to the
loosely-recordeil enterprise of Alexander, we form,
perhaps, an exagiserated estimate of the length of
the march, the difficulties of the road, and the hos-
tile dispositions of the nations whose territories
would have to be traversed. Making allowances for
the improvement of modern welfare, this might, in-
deed, be the correct mode of reasoning, in the event
of such an expedition as that which is said to have
been meditated by Napoleon, after the conquest of
Egypt; but great is the difference between the ob-
stacles to be overcome on such a route, and those
which oppose themselves to a march from the shores
of the Caspian. On censulting the map, we may
observe that the Russian possessions already extend
very nearly to the spot, whence most of the latter
conquerors of Hindostan set out on their route.—
The geography of that part of Asia is
still so imperfectly known, that it has not
yet been clearly ascertained whether the river
upon which stands the city of Herat, disernbogues
itself into the Caspian by the Guiph of Balkan, or
joins the Oxus in its course to the Sea of Aral. If,
however, as is most probable, the former be the fact,
an establishment on the island of Nephtonia, or in
the Gulf of Balkan, would place the Russians in
communication with the Turcoman tribes, whose
hostility to the Persians is deadly and hereditary,
and secure the means of adrincieq by Herat to Ca-
, bul, without the necessity of taking the more cir-
cuitous route by the southern shores of the Caspian,
or of following the more difficult track, already laid
down, from Orenburg to the banks of the Oxus, and
along the course of the ,Amu to Balkh. The Turco-
mans. and lisbecs, though formidable to a nation so
weak in itself, and so defective in:military organiza-
tiOtiltS the Persians, would be unable to oppose a
large, well-appointed army of Russians, even if their
hopes of. plunder did not induce them eagerly to
take-. part in the expedition. If, however, it be
thought that an advance through Azerbijan, and the
north: of Persia, into Chorasan, though the .most
.tedious; - would be the safest route, the progress
which the Russian arms are now making in that direc-
tion,t. afford every prospect of the way being very
soon left open to them. Every conflict into which it is
so easy for a powerful state to force its weaker
neighbour, especially in a quarter so remote from
general observation, and therefore so little liable to
excite public animadversion, must of necessity end in
defeat to the Persians, amid, in consequence of their
poverty, with reference to the probable demands o.
Russia, as well as to their misgovernment, in a ces•
sion of territory. Already has the feeble barrier cc
the Kur, and the liras, been forced ; and, in addi•
tion to their conquests, indemnification fur the ex.

1 pences of the war, may possibly place the Russians
in possession of Ghilan and Mazenderan, provinces
which Peter the Great considered necessary to the
establishment of his complete ascendancy
on the
Caspian.
" But it is not to war and conquest alone that
we must look for the narrowing of that space which
separates the two most powerful candidates, not
only for the supremacy of Asia, but through her, for
preponderance in Europe also. For it is not to be
doubted, that the possession of India would greatly
increase the influence of Russia ill the general coun-
cils of Europe—even its danger would probably have an
unfavourable effect upon the politics of Great Britain.
Nations, like individuals, to be honest must be inde-
pendent ; and, tinier the bare possibility of our
Asiatic territories being wrested from us, it is not
difficult to conjecture the unworthy compliances into
which we may be driven. But by open war, how-
.ever efficient in the end, this crisis might not, pos-
sibly, be produced for many years; notwithstanding
the direct interest which Russia must have in si-
lentlyacquiring that position, from which, even-
tually,she may be able to turn her attention to-
wards India, slndia, without that previous note of separa-
tion,' and hostility with neighbouring states, which
her present situation would render unavoidable."

•
See the Chevalier Gamba's Account of Georgia, for
the encouragement afforded to commerce and agriculture
by the Russisp Government, and the immense accession
to the population from the neighbouring provinces of the
Persian and Turkish empires. In 1820, seven thousand
families are said to have gone over to the Russian do-
minions.

t If we may believe the latest intelligence, the Russians
have taken possession of Tabriz, and are in full march upon
Teheran, a point at least four hundred and fifty miles within
the boundary, and on the route to Herat.

THEATRICAL CRITICISM.—A Yorkshire
Paper, in noticing the arrival of RAYNER, the comedian,
in that county, thus hunches out :—" Herculaneum is a
ruin, Babylon is a sand-pit; but the rustic son of Comus is
amongst you—cherish him. In the scenic tempest, amid
the whirlwind of passion, he bares his brow to the light-
ning's flash, and sings as the lark sings at heaven's gate."
—Berth Chronicle.

FRENCH CRITIQUE ONMILTO.N.-MILTON
is a tedious barbarian, who writes a commentary in ten
books of rambling verse on the first chapter of Genesis.
He is a slovenly imitator of the Greeks : be disfigures
instead of producing the world by the fiat of
creation,Gen
like
Moses, sets the Alessias to bungle at tracing out
with a pair of compasses a celestial manufacture. He spoils
TAsso's hell and devils; and makes SATAN a casuist in
divinity. Upon the whole, the Paradise Lost is obscure,
whimsical, and disagreeable.

On Friday last, Mr. GIBBS, steward to Sir
E. BarocEs, Bart., met with a very serious accident. He
vas descending from an observatory at the top of the Lio.,
Inn, Canterbury, when the ladder slipped under him, and
falling from a considerable height be broke one of his legs
in a shocking manner. Surgical assistance was immedi-
ately procured by Mr. MINTER, the landlord of the inn,
but it was found necessary to saw off a portion of the bone
in order to reduce the fracture. We were happy to learn
yesterday that Mr. GIBBS is doing as well as can be ex-
pected.—Maidstone Gazette.