The Sun.
London, England, 1845-11-19 00:00:00

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. not occur, and the Treasury would be richer by
hundreds of thousands a year."—Morning Herald
Captain Henry Byam Martin, C. 8., son of Admiral Sir
Byam Martin, has been appointed to the command of that
noble 50-gun frigate the Grampus, razeed at Woolwich by
Mr. Oliver Lang, the master shipwright. She will have a
complement of 500 men, and when ready will proceed to
the Pacific to join the squadron under Rear-Admiral Sir
George Seymour. Captain Martin was posted in 1828, fur
his services at Navarino, in which battle he commanded the
Musquito sloop. The pendant has been hoisted on board.
We were sure that a young and smart officer would have
this splendid ship.

PRICE, D,

Mr. Thomas Pidcock, clerk in charge of the Lizard, has
been appointed acting paymaster and purser of the Alecto
steam-sloop.
The Retribution steam-frigate, Captain Lushington, will
most probably, when ready, proceed to the Pacific, to join
the squadron under the orders of Rear-Admiral Sir G.
Seymour.
THE RUSSIAN MEN OF WAR AT PLYMOUTII.—The Inger-
mannland line-of-battle ship, with the flag of Vice-Ad-
miral Lulka, with the 30-gun corvette Prince of Warsaw,
have arrived at Plymouth, with the Grand Duke Constan-
tine. The 80-gun ship remains in the Sound, but the cor-
vette has gone into Barnpool. They have suffered much in
the passage from Cronstadt. The corvette is large for the
name; she has no poop, but a flush deck. She has been
I examined by the dockyard officer, and her defects
have been found so numerous that they will occupy
a month repairing. It was proposed to take the liner front
the Sound into Hamoaze, alongside a hulk, to facilitate
her repairs, and hoys were sent out to take out her
powder, according to the established rules of the port; but
the Russians obstinately refuse to part with their powder, so
if they do not alter their decision they will remain where
they are. Many of the seamen have been ashore, but their
appearance and their habits do not recommend them.
The Netley tender has arrived at Devonport from Ports-
mouth.

FRE CH RAILROADS.
Jt became known on Thursday that a fusion had been
effected between the companies proposing to bid for the Stras-
burg line, represented by Messrs. Ganneron, llinguerlot,
Gentil et Fol, Bechet, and two or three minor ones. The
three leading companies are to receive each-one-fifth of the
capital, and the remaining two-fifths amongst them. Messrs.
de. Rothschild are to be the bankers. One company alone,
known as Anthouard's Company, was not included in the ar-
rangement ; the required deposit of share lists, &c., was
made by that company before midnight on the 14th, but it
was hot deemed certain on the Bourse that that company
would persist in its proposition to bid for the line.
After long and laborious discussions a fusion was effected
between the several competing companies for the Tours and
Nantes line, and who were no fewer than eight in number..
The following are the proportions in which the capital of
40 millions is to be subscribed by them :

Francs.
Mackenzie's Company ... 8 millions,
Carette and Minguet 6
O'Neill ...
Drouillard (Nantois)
Raigecourt
Lefevre
Delamarre
Basse Loire

5
44 „
1 „

Total ... 40 millions.
The Siecle observes, that "the coalition amongst the nu-
merous companies which were formed for the construction of
the Paris and Strasburg and Tours and Nantes Railroads
demonstrates the impossibility of competition when colossal
enterprises which require 100,000,000 and 200,000,000 of
capital are to be executed. We return by a perilous and
lengthened course to the system of a direct concession by
the State. Those who dreaded the application of the system
of adjudication had foreseen but a part of the evils which it
has produced. What have we seen in fact? The formation
of a multitude of societies, the object of the greater part of
which was to make the others pay by compelling them to
enter into a coalition ; the useless appeal made to the public
to repeat their subscriptions 10 and 20 times for the same
line, so as to cause a commercial crisis by the locking up the
ordinary means of circulation; in fine, manoeuvres of every
nature, which have thrown discredit on the morality of the.
country and on public credit, and all to conclude with having
but one company to bid before a Minister to whom the law
delegates the power of fixing the definitive terms of the
concession."

The Presse publishes a long article in defence of the coali-
tion of the companies formed to bid for the Paris and Stras-
burg and the Tours and Nantes Railroads. "In order to con-
struct railroads," says the Presse," there are three systems—
that of monopoly, when the Government retains the railroad
under its own management; 2, privilege, when the State
concedes the road directly; and, 3, competition, when the
State adjudicates publicly. Of these three systems the first
is undoubtedly the best, and the Government will not fail to
regret having inconsiderately abandoned it. It has been
asked, where the State would have found the twelve or
fifteen hundred millions necessary for the construction of
the French railroads? We answer by the emission in suc-
cession of railroad bonds bearing an interest of three franca
sixty-five centimes. We believe the Government would
have without difficulty found the requisite capital, particu-
larly if in place of presenting to the Chambers a real house-
keeper's account-book, under the title of a budget, the Go-
vernmennt had placed under the eyes of the nation a budget
such as it ought to be, presenting a real account of its receipts
and expenditure, of its resources and its d ebts—resources which
are every day increasing, and of which no notice is taken :
but both the Chambers and the Government were agreed
not to increase the number of public services, and to add a
new and immense force to all the forces at the disposal of
the State. There is one serious objection to the mode of adju-
dication by public bidding applied to the great railroad lines,
an objection without reply, and which alone would be suffi-
cient to enrol us amongst the adversaries of the system.
The objection is this :—The companies who have the least to
lose are those who, can afford to risk the most. The more a
company is strongly constituted, and the better guarantee it
presents, the less chance it will have of obtaining the adju-
dication. We must therefore applaud, and we trust that
what has taken place with respect to the Northern and to
the, Strasburg line will take pace for the Paris and Lyons
road, even at the cost to the State of a longer lease by some
years."

The National says, "That which we foretold this morning
has come to pass. The companies which bad been formed
for the purpose of bidding for the railroad between Tours and
Nantes combined this morning. The following are said to be
the conditions of the contract :—The capital to be 40,000,000 f,
divided into 80,000 shares. The company of Mackenzie had
for its portion 12.521,776 f. ; the company Carette and Min-
guet, 8,347,826 f.; the company O'Neill, 6,376,812 f. ; the com-
pany Drouillard, 6,376,812 f. ; the company ltaigecourt,
7.376,812 f. Since the first fusion a fresh adhesion has taken
place; it is that of M. Jacques Lefevre and Co. ; this new
party taking for itself a figure of 6,376,812 f , which will be 'im-
puted' upon the lot of the two companies Mackenzie and
Carette-Minguet. Thus it will be seen that there will be
no more competition for the Tours line than for those of the
North and Strasburgh. We are very sure that this new coalition
has not been accomplished without difficulties. Some persons
who transact business seriously, and who do not wish to do
it at all prices, resisted to the last moment ; but in this in-
stance, as in everything else, the majority of the weak and
the intriguing carried the day. And it ought to be so, for
honest men, instead of meeting in the Administration an able
support, find but untractable ill-will.

. .
" P.S.—lt is said that to-night a company, altogether left
out of the coalition for the Strasbnrgh line, will present itself at
the adjudication against the company of companies, Hinguer-
lot, Ganneron, Gentil-Fol, Rothschild, Bechet, and others.
This company will have for its patron M. Anthonard, a Peer
of France."

EARTHQUAKE IN SMYRNA.
(From the Impartial.)
SMYRNA.—On the 15th of October the city of Smyrna was
visited at about 5 30 A.M. by a smart shock of an earthquake,
which was repeated more violently at 11 20 A.M. A third
shock took place a little while after, and some other slight
ones in the course of the day. On the 16th some slight
motions were felt, and at 10 40 P.M. another severe shock
was felt, but this was nothing in comparison to the sad ac-
counts received from Mitylene, where the earthquake occa-
sioned great damage, and threw all the population into con-
sternation.

MITYLENE, Ocr. 15.—0 n the 6th, at daybreak, two slight
shocks of an earthquake were felt in succession ; shocks,
more or less weak, continued all this day and the following.
On the 11th, at one P.M. a strong shock was felt; at two, a
second stronger, followed by a third, very violent; these
threw all the city into consternation. The inhabitants ran
in crowds to the marina, their hands stretched out to heaven
in the attitude of prayer, in such a state of fear as is difficult
to describe. It was expected the city would fall to the earth,
and, in fact, if the second shock, which was a short one, had
only lasted ten seconds longer, Mitylene would at this hour
have been a mass of ruins. We passed the remainder of the
day and night of the 11th and 12th in a state of great anxiety
—the shocks were repeated every half-hour. During the 12th
we felt four slight shocks. On the night of the 12th and 13th
five shocks, the last of them so strong as to shake the bed. On
the 13th we were free from them until two P.M., when we felt
two slight shocks. On the night of the 13th and 14th there
were five shocks. The 15th was quiet, but in the night we felt
continued shocks. It is to be remarked that the rain had not
ceased since nine A.m. of the 14th. Fear was at its height. The
shops were shut, prayers were offered up in the churches, and in
the mosques. The following is what we have been able to
ascertain respecting the damage done. In the city, a house
divided asunder, and several others, less important, half
ruined. The house 'of the English Consul very much da-
maged. Two great walls of a coffee- house removed from the
rest of the building. In the village of Ploumari eight houses
have been overthrown, forty are much damaged, and the
church split. At Vibari several houses and a half of the
church in ruins. Two men aad a woman perished. Of the
70 or 80 houses which compose the village of Liskoli, only
two remain. It is said that in Koli and Parakilla the
damage done is considerable. At the moment of 'writ-
ing the shocks are again felt. To give you an idea
of the force of the principal one of the 11th, I only
tell you tbat in the square of the arsenal there stood two
enormous trees, whicht„laeareeltlewroliolly thrown down, and their
mineralbrailch wbartoekr,enwaildhtofronr, fromaon thweeetksrunhka.d Thebeen sdpryrin,ghasof
quantity
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MR. J. FENIMORE COOPER'S NEW WORK, entitled
"'the Chain Bearer," is this day published by Mr. Bentley,
of New Burlington-street, and may now be had of all book-
sellers, and at all the libraries, in 3 vols. post Bvo. Mr.
Bentley has also just published the following new works:-
1. Memoirs of the Jacobites, by Mrs. Thomson, 2 vols. Bvo.,
with portraits.-2. A World of Wonders, by Albany Poyntz,
1 vol. Bvo.-3. Honeur and Shame, a novel, 3 vols.
A DESPERATE LEAP.—About 12 o'clock last
night, a deserter from the 92d Regiment, named David Stra-
chan, a private, leaped over. a window three stories high, in
Blackfrisrs-wynd, to escape from a sergeant and party who
had been sent from the Castle to apprehend him. He
was severely bruised about the head, but was able to walk
to the Castle with the assistance of his comrades.—Edin-
burgh paper.

THE FRENcn GAME-Laws.—ln March last the
carriage of the Marquis Aujorant was stopped and examined
at the BarriZre du Maine, and six rabbits, which were found
in it, were seized. The coachman stated that they had been
shot in his master's park. The Marquis and his coachman
were both prosecuted for this offence against the ggitne.kwas
and a fine of 50f. was pronounced by the Tribunal of Car-
rectional Police against the coachman, for the paynint of
which the Marquis was declared responsible. The, 'Marquis
having lodged an appeal, the case was again hea,:ii yesterday,
when the sentence was confirmed.—Gaiighar.?B,24ressenger.
The Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England had a meet-
ing yesterday at the office in Whitehall-place. There were
present the Bishops of London, Ely, and Rochester.