The Sun.
London, England, 1842-08-20 00:00:00

THY, SUN, LONDON, SATURDAY MORNING, AUGUST 20, 142.

the great distress and discontent of the people, in or
der to induce them to take an'aciive part 1:: repeal-
ing the law which limits the suppl.) of food: The
members of the League haunted the lobbies and re-
freshment-rooms of the Houses of Parliament, and
lust no opportunity of entreating Members of the Le-
gislature, and particularly the Tory Members, not to
separate without passing some comprehensive measure
to relieve the distress of the manufacturing classes.
To all these representations the Tor. Members
turned a deaf ear; - and now that some taste of the
danger against which the League warned them has
actually come, the Tory journals (we think the
Tory Membets will hardly venture on so barefaced a
scheme) most unscrupulously and most unjustly
accuse the League of having caused the mischief.
But this plan will not succeed. The Tories and
monopolists are the authors and patrons of that social
system against which the people rise in insurrection.
They impoverish and degrade the masses by their
restrictions and burdens, and they must bear the
blame of the outrages which ensue.

The present outbreak, though the greatest, is not
the only one. Our domestic history is a succession
of distresses suffered by the people, and of outrages
following therefrom. By them, and by similar
facts, will the policy of the monopolists be tested,
not by their theory that plenty, wealth, peace,
and prosperity are caused by restrictive laws.
Against their policy, so eminently triumphant
in Parliament, the continued distress of the people,
their discontent and turbulence, speak trumpet-
tongued. Systems of policy are tried by their effects.
The Corn-law has not been overthrown—it exists in
all its rigour. The monopolists have not yet been
defeated ; they are the masters of the Legislature.
In conjunction with their success, and the prevalence
of their system, the community is thrown into great
Idisorder ; there is a suspension of labour, and general
alarm. They, not the Corn-law League,' have had
the power. of regulating society ; and, if we are to
judge of a tree by its fruits, the present condition
of England is an everlasting condemnation of the
monopolists.

We have heard a rumour that it is the intention of
Ministers to re-assemble Parliament in a short time
in order to pass a Coercion Act for the manufacturing
districts. We notice the rumour to express our
entire and complete disbelief in it. Though the
manufacturing population have ceased to labour, and
•in many cases have forced others to cease from labour,
the actual outrages committed by them, taking all
circumstances into consideration, have not been of an
aggravated character. With the exception of their
conflict with the police at Manchester, they have caused
no deaths, and have inflicted no wounds. They have
broken windows, and in the Potteries have burned
down houses ; but for these offences particularly the
latter, which is a heinous crime, the law already pro-
vides additional penal laws.. A Coercion Act might
exasperate the people, but could not prevent offences,
and would injure trade. It 'would go far to reduce
the .manufacturing districts to the condition of Ire-
land. Such a policy would be indeed fatal, and we
give the rumour that Sir R. PEEL intends to adopt it
an emphatic denial.]
Although the Turn-outs have used the customary
phrase of "Peace, law, and order," it requires no
evidence to prove, however much they may admire
order and desire peace, they do not respect the law.
They complain of the law—they condemn the Corn-
law—they censure the law of primogeniture—they
are decidedly opposed to the law which excludes them
from Parliament, and of many other laws they em-
phatically complain. If they respected the law they
would not have violated it. The great object which
the Legislature and the Government should keep in
view, is, we think, to re-inspire them with
respect for the law. Terror will not accomplish
that. A Coercion Act would: only make them
hate the ,law the more, and would convert them
all into outlaws. The only sure way to restore the
law to its wonted dominion over their hearts is to
make it just. A Coercion Act, would ultimately pro-
voke a still more extended revolt.

We would have statesmen be very cautious how

ley deal with this great malady, and not be influ-
enced by rabid priests, or guided by' acrid routine
politicians. Strange thoughts are engendered in men,
by comparing the professions of Governments with
their performances—the theory of their formation with
their actual practices. The celebrated Dr. CUANNING,
for example, has recently published a second part of
lii;Duty of Free States, which opens with this passage :
My great aim, in what I have written, and now write,
on matters of public interest, is to re-unite polities and
morality ; to bring into harmony the law of the land and
the law of God. Among the chief causes of the miseries
of nations, is the divorce which has taken place between
politics and morality ; nor can we hope for a better day,
till this breach be healed. Men, entrusted with govern-
ment, have always been disposed to regard themselves as
absolved from the laws of justice and humanity. False-
hoods and frauds are allowed them for their country or
their party. To maintain themselves against their oppo-
nents, they may even involve nations in war ; and the
murders and robberies which follow this crime are not
visited on their heads by human justice. In all times,
government has been the grand robber, the grand murderer,
and has yet escaped the deep reprobation which breaks
forth against private guilt. Such profligacy pervades the
sphere of political action, that the confidence of the people
is well nigh withdrawn from public men ; and a virtuous
statesman is involved in the suspicions which his unprin-
cipled associates have drawn upon' his vocation. Public
life is thought to release men not only from the obliga-
tions ofjustice, but from the restraints of good manners ;
and, accordingly, the debates of congress [Parliament] are
too often polluted by vulgar abuse, threats. and brawls.
So this is the standard of political life, that a man is
smiled at for his simplicity who talks of introducing re-
ligion into the conduct of public affairs. Religion, it is
thought, belongs to Sabbaths arid churches, and would be
as much out of place in cabinets or halls of legislation, us
a delicate lady on a field of battle. A stranger might
be tempted to think, that the Sergeant-at-Arms was sta-
tioned at, the doors of legislative chambers, to forbid en-
trance to the everlasting law of God, and that nothing
but man's impotence prevents the exclusion of Him whose
holy presence fills the universe.

When men give such a character to Government,
and to the principles of politicians, it behoves the
latter to be much on their guard. Higher principles
than either the rate of wages or the Charter would
seem, by such passages, to be involved in the present
struggle between subjects and rulers ; and Govern-

ments should be especially careful not to precipitate
it, and, above all, not to place themselves in the wrong,
by devising new schemes of oppression, to be accom-

plished by the instrumentality of law.

The reports from the disturbed districts continue

,o be of the most tranquillizing character. In Man-
chester, and the neighbouring towns and villages, the
majority of the workmen evince :every disposition to
return to their wonted labours; and even in irork-
shire, where but the other day so dangerous a Spirit
of insubordination was manifested, matters are hourly
assuming a more pacific complexion. We confidently
trust, that, ,in a few days, we shall be able to con-
gratulate our readers on the restoration of order
throughout the mining and manufacturing districts
of the north. It is not the least cheering symptom
in the case, that the cry for the " Charter, and nothing
but the Charter," has been in many instances a decided
failure. Great exertions have been made to inflame
the minds of the Turn-outs on this point, and in some
places the agitators have been successful ; but, gene-
rally speaking, they have 'received but little encou-
ragement to.. persevere in their machinations; the
more intelligent among the operatives have seen
through their devices, and avoided the snare laid for
them; and their discreet example has influenced
hundreds—we may say, thousands—of their fellow-
workmen. "We understand," says a Morning Con-
temporary, " that the Turn-outs in Ashton, Stay-
leyhridge, Oldham, and Rochdale, have come
to the determination that they will no longer go
for the Charter"—a significant fact, which will ac-
count for the tone of disappointment that is visible
through the blustering address of the Executive Com-
mittee of the National Chartist Association, which
has been just issued at Manchester. But though the
" Charter" has, to a great extent failed as a rallying
cry in the disturbed districts, it by no means 'follows,
as a necessary consequence, that it should be regarded
as a feeble and inefficient instrument of agitation.
It has an immense body of active and energetic sup-
porters scattered throughout the provinces, whose in-
fluence will be sure to increase in exact proportion to
the want of uprightness and sagacity in the Legis-
lature. Chartism is the natural result of the dis=
appointment occasioned by the Reform Bill, and the
incompetency of that measure --from which such a
world of good was anticipated —to put an end
to the system of class legislation ; and it rests with
Government to make the "Charter" a mere dead
letter, or a living influential principle. Let them do

justce to the People ,:to it holuly ..nd promp ly
without regard to class . interests, and the " five
points' will soon sink into forgetfulness.

The whole of the Ft ench Paners have reached Iv-,
but they bring little news of interest, being chiefly
occupied by the report on the Regency Bill, which
was presented to the Chamber of Deputies by M
DUPIN on the preceding day. The following are ex-
tract' : •

We are informed that negotiations are still being car-
ried on with the Belgian Government, to obtain a more
extensive treaty of commerce than the convention just
concluded.—La France.

The Teuionnaiiof the 14th, states that Admiral Hu-
gon's squadron .bas . returned to the islands of the
Hyeres, in consequence, as was supposed, of despatches
which had been received by-the' Admiral.
M. Paul Aubrey, editor of the Gazette de France, ap-
pealed yesterday to the Court of Cassation against the
sentence of the Court of Assize of the Seine, which con-
demns him to a year's imprisonment and a fine of 12,000 f,
—Le Constttutioneel,

A letter from 'loulon mentions a fact, which requires
explanation
While the French-Government seems to be exclu-
sively engaged in . questions of internal policy, the
British Government is actively prosecuting in the Medi-
terranean the accomplishment Of the work to which the
treaty of July was a great step.
"We have seen successively the agents of England
speak as masters at Constantinople and Alexandria,
intrigues at Tripoli and in Barbary, where, notwith-
standing the death of Abd-el-Gelib, English influence is
solidly established lastly, the Consul of the same
nation has obtained from the Bey concessions which
sufficiently indicate that the influence of France has
declined in that quarter.
" But Great Britain is insatiable, and all this is not
enough for her k she is now endeavouring to have a
port in the East ceded to her by Morocco, fit to receive
her vessels. Frost this point, in case of a conflict with
France, she would incessantly threaten our possessions
in the North of Africa. This is a very serious matter,
of which' the Cabinet of the Tuileries ought not
to be ignorant. It is evident that if England
once gains a footing in Morocco, the affair is in a good
way. She would begin by making herself mistress of.
the commerce of Algeria, so that on one side would be
the sacrifice without any profit, and on the other clear
gain. Besides this, Abd-eliKader, in a given case, would
soon be enabled seriously to molest us, without our
being able to complain of any nations for threats of hos-
tility on the part of a Chief now powerless, for the main-
spring of the whole would be hid from our eyes.
"It is certain that the English Consul-General has
been for some time engaged in negotiations with the
Emperor, Abd Herraman, for the conclusion of a treaty
of commerce, including the cession of a place on the
coast, to receive ships.
" We cannot too strongly urge the Government to
watch the proceedings of the English agents in the Bar-
bary States, and, above all, not to suffer England to fix
an establishment in the vicinity of our African posses-
sietts."7--Le Commerce.

BOURSE—PARTS, WEDNEsDAy, AUG. 17.
First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French 5 per Cents 119 70... 119 75... 119 60... 119 60
3 per Cents 79 80... 78 85... 78 80... 78 e 5
Sank of France 3255 —.3255 ...3255 3255
Laffitte Bank I,ooof 1030 —lO3O ...1030 ...1030
5,000 f 5047 50...5047 50...5045 ...5045
Belgian Fives 1024 ... 1024 ... 1024 ... 1023
1840 lO3 .... 103 ... 1023 ... 102/
Spanish Active 22 ... 22 ... 214 ... 214
Passive ...... 4 ... 4 ... 4 ... 4
Neapolitan.
Roman ............104 104 ... 104 ... 104

RAILWAY SHARES
St. Germain ... 840 ... 840 ... 840 ... 840
Versailles, R.B ... 290 ... 290 ... 290 ... 290
Rouen ...
Orleans.... . . 565 ... 565 ... 565 ... 565
Strasburg to Bale 2OO ... 201_25... 200 ... 201 25

BELGIAN FUNDS.—BaussaLa, Au .17.
Actual Debt, 2% per Cent , 394
Rothschild's Loan, Five per Cent 10074
Loan of Thirty Millions, Four per Cent 9l
—.— Three per Cent....
.....--...Thlrty.seven Millkns, ditto 7ol'
~
------- (1840) lOl%
Loan of City, 1832, Four per Cent P2
Society of Commerce, Four and a Half per Cent ll6
Bank of Belgium, Five per Cent 77
National Society • .... ... —
Exchange on London (short) .......... ..... -
-Brussels Papers, Aug. 17.
AUSTRIAN FUNDS...II2BNa, AM/. 8.
Five per Cents. Metalliques • .. 1,411
Four per Cent 5..................... .......... ..... lOl%
Three per Cents. l6
Bank Shares ••••••••••• •••••• 1610
Allgemeine Zellers& August 13.
HAMBURGH BORSEN HALLE. A VG. le.
Bills. Money.
Austrian 5 per Cents.
Rank Shares
Anglo./tussian Loan 149%, HAN
Russian 3 per Cent., Ist series, Certificate 103%11193%
inscription, Ist series lO3 I.—
Russian 5 per Cent. Hope and Co., 3d and 4th
Series
Ditto in Certificates
New 4 per Cent. (1840) 89% 894
Dutch Actual Debt, :1% per Cent ..... ....
Ditto 5 per Cant.
Polish Bonds
New Tickets l6B
Anglo. Danish Loan, 3 per Cent. — 80.
Spanish, New S per Cents.
EXCHANGES ON LONDOF.
--

HAM BURGH, Atm 16.-13 9W. Two months 13 7W.
STocattous, Ana. 9.—Seventy-five days, 12 14.
VIENNA. Ault. 9.--Three months. 12.
PRUSSIAN FUNDS.—BERI.IN, Atm. 13,
Bills. Money
St. Schuld Sch., 4 per cent. .......... 10374 I. 3,i
Prussian English Bond., MO, 4 per cent 102% --
Exchange on London --' e V‘3%
Prussian Stale Gazette, Aug. 14.

Owing to the meetings in the metropolis on Thursday
evening the authorities at the Ilome-office were on
the alert until one yesterday morning. The troops
were kept under arms until-it had been ascertained
that the meetings were dispersed, and the police were
assembled at their respective stations to be in readi-
ness for any emergency.
MADRID, Auc. 10.—Five bargains were concluded
in the Three per Cents., at 211 for cash ,and 22 2111,
at different dates, for 2,000,000 reals; and 26 in the
Five per Cents!, at 281 f 1 29} 311 3-16 28 at dif-
ferent dates, for 21,00%000 more. One transaction
took place in the debt bearing no interest at 5:1 at 59
days, for 5,000,000 reals.