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SOCIETY of ANTIQUARIES of LONDON
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Notice is hereby given, that the WEEKLY MEETINGS
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CHILEAN LOAN.—With reference to the ar-
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ARNOLD MEMORIAL.
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His Execllency the Chevalier' The Lord Delamere.

Bunsen. The Lord Wenlock.
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Elegantly printed in fcp., Third Edition, price 7s. cloth,
ACOMPLETE DESCRIPTION of the BONES ;
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Illustrated wtth 250 accurate Woodcuts by Branston, from
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tOndon: Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper. Paternoster-row.

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A New Edition, considerably improved, price
OBSERVATIONS on the SURGICAL PA-
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London ; Sherwood, Gilbert, and Piper, Paternoster-row.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF THE
LIFE OF SHAH SHOOJAH-OOL-MOOLK.

After the murder of Nadir Shah in his camp at
Couchan in June, 1747, and the consequent break-up
of the empire 111 had nearly consolidated, Ahmed
Khan Suddozye chieftaia of the great Abdallie
family, and one of Nadir's favourite and most distin-
guished generals, made himself master of the de-
ceased monarch's treasures' equipped a body of the
veteran troops, who had fought under his banner
through all the recent conquests, established himself
as the bead of the Affghan nation, caused himself to
be crowned at Candahar, and assumed the title of
Dooree D (the pearl of the age), which led to
the cban°a of name from Abdallies to Dooranies.
Ahmed Shah reigned twenty-six years, a period
spent in constant activity and warfare, during which
he carried his arms into the heart of Turkestan and
India, the latter of which he invaded no less than
seven times, and on one occasion totally defeated the
great Mahratta confederacy on the field of Panniput
in 1761 ; his constitution, however, sank at last under
continued fatigue and excitement, and he died at
Murga, in the Atchukzye country, in June 1773, in
the fiftieth year of his age. Ile was succeeded by
his son Timeor Shah, though net,without some fruit-1
less opposition on the part of his brother Abdul
Khalak at Ghuznee.

Timoor Shah had not the energy or ability to fol-.
low in the successful steps of his father, or to conso-
lidate the conquests of the former reign; but though
the power of the Dooranies became stationary, it was
not actually diminished during his career ; the seeds
were, however, sown of that disorder and decay
which progressed with rapid strides during the reigns
of his successors. His greatest merit was the atten-
tion he paid to the finances of the country and the
economy with which he employed them; this secured
him a full treasury, and was the secret of his mainte-
mance of his power so long. The most remarkable
act of his reign was the transfer of the scat of Go-
vernment from Candahar to Caubul ; at which latter
city he died in May, 1793, at the age of 47, having
reigned twenty years. He left a numerous family,
of whom the following only have appeared on the
page of history; viz., Humayoon, the eldest, by one
wife ; Shah Zeman and Shah Shoojah by another and:
favourite wife; and Shah Mahmood, Feroze-00-deen,
Abbas and Eyoob, by other and d'fferent wives.
On Timoor 's death, a powerful faction headed by
his favourite Queen and supported by Poyndah Khan,
the head of the Barukzye family, who during the pre-
vious reign, had for his conduct in an action at Mool-
tan, received the title of Sirifraz Khan, placed Shah
Zeman upßn the throne, at Caubul; llumayoon the
elder brother, proclaimed himself King at Candahar ;
Mahmood was ruler at Herat, his brother Feroze
being with him, and Prince Abbas held the same office
at Peshawur. Zeman Khan dispatched his Vuzeer
Wuffadar Khan Suddozye with an army against
Candahar Humayoon was defeated, and being de-
serted
by his troops, was compelled to flight; after a
year of precarious wandering, he made another at-
tempt, was seized, blinded, and placed in confinement,
in which he continued until his death. Mahmood at
first tendered his submission, which was accepted and
he was allowed to retain his Government; but as soon
as he could muster sufficient force, he threw off the
mask and openly rebelled, he was however defeated
by Shah Zeman on the Ilelmund in 1794; be made
two other unsuccessful attempts fcr the throne in 97
and 99, and finally took refuge at the Court of• Persia.
Feroze-00-deen made the pilgrimage to Mecca, and
thus acquired the title of Hadjee Feroze, by which he
was generally designated. Prince Abbas, in whose
favour an unavailing attempt was made, was seized
at Peshawur, and that province secured by Shah
Zeman. This Prince was now firmlya
s ci esta-
blisheduan in the Government, which he might
have maintained intact and independent, had
he not wasted his power and resources, n
(fered the treasures his father's economy had accumu-
lated, in fruitless invasions of India, a conquest of
which seemed to be the darling object of his ambition,
and to which he appears to have been incited and en-
couraged by his Vuzeer. In 1796 he assembled a
force of 30,000 men, with this avowed intention,
which created considerable alarm throughout India,
and even led the British Government to consider it
necessary to adopt precautionary measures to meet
such a contingency.
Shah Zeman penetrated into the Punjaub three se-
veral times, in 1795, 1797, and 1798, and on each
occasion ivas recalled to his own dominions by the
rumour of Persian invasion or of domestic rebellion :
on the last occasion he appointed Runjeet Singh his
viceroy at Lahore.

The internal arrangements of the Government were
left almost entirely to the Vuzeer, whose character
rendered him unworthy of such a trust : he was in-
solent and rapacious, and at the same time was weak
and incapable, his main influence with Shah Zeman
appears to have been owing to his belonging
to the
same family, and being, moreover, an expert flatterer.
A. strong feeling of enmity was excited against him,
and a conspiracy was formed at Candahar in 1799,
amongst some of the leading nobles of the Court, to
assassinate him, and to depose the Shah in favour of
his brother, Shoojah-001-Moolk. The plot was dis-
covered, and Shah Zeman put six of the Chiefs
to death, amongst whom was Poyndah Khan, the
head of the Barukzye family,
to whom he was in
debted for his throne. This fatal act lost him.his crown,
and caused the feud between the Barukzyes and Sud-
-,
dozyes, to which may be traced all the subsequent evils
and misery that have fallen on this distracted country.
Futteh Khan, the eldest son of Poyndah Khan suc-
ceeded to the chiefship of the Barukzyes, on the death
of his father; he was a man of
great ability, and in-
domitable energy, was ambitious, and had a father's
death to avenge ; he immediately set off for Tubbus,
and joined Mahmood, Shah Zeman's younger brother,
who, dependent on the ineffectual aid of Futtee Alice
Shah of Persia, had recently failed in an attempt on
Herat, which was defended by Prince Kyser, the son
of Shah &Man. Futteh Khan then brouglit Mah-
mood to his paternal castle of Girishk on the Helmand,
in Zemindewar, situated in the centre of the Dooranie
influence; all the Barukzyes, as
well asby here he ryasoolaukzyjeinsaed by
ndAlizyes,
who flocked to
Mahmood's standard : and when a sufficient force was
was won b'y a stratagem on
obtained, they advanced to Candahar which, after an
at Peshawur, preparing for
iatznhneveomet
pshatanem:
on,
raft,
vs
ao;fs, at
otntt fortyeh
ohi
fs
Khanma ye without bloodshed. Shah
India,
which this event of courses
compelled him to lay aside. He dispatched a force of
15Sydaul Khan, Aleckhozye, had declared in favour of
11;1a7m0oo mend; he also left
eat Peshawur, together'
to Cashmere, the governor of which,
with the Crown jewels and considerable treasure, and
a fre
other property, under charge of his brother, Shah
Shoojah, and proceeded himself to meet Mahmood:
the severity he had displayed to the conspirators had
alienated many families from his cause, but the un-
popularity of his Vuzeer was the great detriment to
his interests : after some vain and weak attempts of
the latter, to treat with the rebels, the Shah advanced
towards Candahar with 30,000 men, but no sooner
had they neared the enemy at Mukud, than the royal
vanguard went over to Futteh Khan. Shah Zeman
now gave up all for lost, and, accompanied by his
Vuzeer, fled to Caubul: meeting there with but little
sympathy or support, and closely pursued by Futteh
Khan, he continued his flight into the Shinwarrie,
country, where he took refuge with one Moolah
Ashik, at Pesh Bolak, who, contrary to every prin-
ciple of Affghan faith and honour, violated the sacred
laws of hospitality, and gave him up to Mahmood,
who caused his•eyes to be put out, and confined him
in the Bala Hissar. The Vuzeer was slain by Futteh
Khan, as an atonement for the blood of his father, and
his body exposed to great indignities. On the defeat
of his brother, Shah Soojah, who was still at Peshawur,
proclaimed himself King, and prepared for a contest
for the throne : .by means of a liberal distribution of
the treasures at his command, he shortly raised a
considerable force, composed of the Berdooranies,
Khyburies, Enzufzyes, and other neighbouring tribes,
with which he advanced towards Caubul in septem.
ber, 1801. On the 10th of that month, he was met
on the way at Esphan by. Futteh Khan, with 3,000
rnen, where, although his; own force amounted to
10,000 men, and was at first successful, he was at
laat totally defeated with the loss of all his baggage
and treasure, and with difficulty effTeted his escape
into the Khyber hills, where he took refuge, at Teem,
with a Chief, named Mahommud Anieen Khan.
Prince Kyser had been left in charge of Herat by his
father, after whose defeat Hadjee Feroze came there
and obtained possession of the place, through the in-
trigues of Kyser's Minister ; in the government of
which he was confirmed by Mahmood, whi) appointed
his eldest son Kamran to the charge of Candahar.
Mahmood was now real or acknowledged master
of every part of the empire, and all opposition was put
down, through the talent and activity of Futteh Khan
and Alumni Khan Alizye, a faithful follower of Mah•
mood's worst fortunes. These two nobles managed
all public affairs, at first in concert, but they soon
quarrelled, and their dissensions weakened the power
of the State and harra,ssed the people, who had so

eagerly sought to relieve themselves by change
from the oppressions of the Vuzeer Wuffadar Khan,
only to find themselves subject to two rival masters,
i and placed at the mercy of a disorderly soldiery,
' whose excesses were winked at, that their attachment
might be the better secured by those who required
their service. Mahmood gave himself up entirely to
indolence and enjoyment, and became perfectly in-
different to the administration of public affairs. At
this time a serious insurrection broke out amongst
the Ghilzees, who proclaimed Abdool Raheen Khan,
the representative of their ancient Royal Family, as
monarch; after a severe struggle and several hard-
fought actions during the years 1801 and 1802, they
were at last subdued. In the meantime Akram Khan
Alizye died, but his place was speedily occupied by a still
more formidable rival to the power and influence of
Futteh Khan. This was Shere Mahommud Khan,
commonly called the Mooklityar-00-Dowlah ; he was
the son of Shah Wullee Khan, Vuzeer to Ahmed
Shah, to which high office he considered himself to
have an hereditary claim, and not altogether without
reason, according to the custom of the country and
former precedents. A struggle now ensued between
him and Futteh Khan for the chief power. Mahmood
retained the former about his own person, and dis-
patched Futteh Khan to Candahar, to assist his son
Katnran in the government of that province. Soon
after this a serious disturbance broke out between the
Soonee, inhabitants of Caubul and the Kuzzil-
bashes or Golam-i-Shah's who were all Sheah's ;
a tumult occurred and -the flame of popular 1
feeling was sedulously fanned by Meer Wacz,
a Syud of great repute for sanctity, and who
i possessed immense influence over the people. lie was
' a staunch friend and partizan of the Mookhtyar-oo-
Dowlah, under whose instructions, or rather in con-
cert with whom he acted on this occasion. The Kuz-
zilbashes forming the King's body guard naturally
found favour with the monarch ; a petition was, how-
ever, formally submitted to Shah Mahmood, to cause
retribution to be made on them, for the murder of a
Soonee boy by some of their body, to which the King
turned a deaf ear ; this was the signal for a revolt,
Meer Waez raised the whole Soonee population with
the cry of a religious liar, besieged Mahmood in the
Bala llissar, proclaimed Shoojah-00-Moolk as king,
and the Mookhtyar-00-Dowlah proceeded in person to
meet the new Monarch and bring him into Caubul
with due honour.

During this period Shah Sboojah had been leading
a wandering and precarious, but far from an inactive
life, exerting every means in his power to recover his
lost position: within the year, after his defeat at
Isphan, he managed to get together a small force of
Khyberies, and made an attempt upon Peshawur, but
was repulsed with heavy loss and compelled again to
take refuge in the fastnesses of the hills :—here he re-
mained for some time, until the arrival of Futtch
Khan with a force at Peshawur rendered his position
somewhat unsafe, when he retired farther south, and
took refuge in the mountainous tracts inhabited by
the Kakur tribes, where he wandered about for some
time, subsisting limself and followers by the sale of
his jewels, and indebted to the casual hospitality of the
chiefs of these wild districts.

In this miserable plight he found himself in the
winter of 1802, in the province of Shawl, when a
Kafilah of some value fell into his way ; the opportu-
nity was too tempting to be resisted ; he surrounded
it with his few followers, when the merchants surren-
dered their property to the amount of about three
lackhs, receiving bills far the amount in Shah Shoo-
jah's name, payable when brighter prospects should
dawn upon him. This prize enabled him raise and
equip a fresh body of troops, with which hWadvanced
to Candahar; he was, however, again defeated,' his
army broken and dispersed, and he himself driven, for
the third time, to seek refuge amongst the Khyber Hills.
In this condition he was found when he received
the invitation to return to Caubul, an offer with which
he of course gladly closed : as he advanced, he was
met by the Mookhtyar,oo-Dowlah, who from the first
appears to have been well inclined to his interests, and
with an increasing force they advanced together to
the capital. Here they found Shah Mahmood
closely invested by the populace in the Bala Hissar,
and learned that Futteh Khan was rapidly approach-
ing with a considerable force to his relief; Shah
Shoojah moved out to meet him, and on the 12th of
July, 1803, a severe action was fought. about eight
miles from Caubul.
Futteh Khan in the commencement of the battle
was successful, but the defection of one of his princi-
pal chiefs threw his army into confusion and turned
the day against him, and notwithstanding every exer-
tion on his part to retrieve this disaster, he was com-
pelled at last to seek safety in flight. The following
day Shah Shoojah entered the city in triumph, the
gates of the Bala Hissar were thrown open, and Mah-
mood, deserted by all his followers and dependents,
was made a prisoner. It is pleasing to have to
record amidst this narrative of strife, revenge,
and cruelty, that Mahmood's eyes were spared
at, the intercession of Shah Zeman, whom he
had himself deprived of sight. Shah Shoojah's
exercise of authority on regaining the throne was ex-
ceedingly moderate; the only execution that took
place, being that of the Moolah Ashik who had so
treacherously betrayed Zeman Khan into the hands
of Mahmood. Futteh Khan after his defeat hastened
to Kamran at Candahar, but being unable to make
head against a strong force sent to oppose them the
Prince repaired to )'urrah, and the ex-Vuzeer ten-
dered his submission and services to the new mo-
narch; the former was, but the latter was not ac-
cepted, and Futteh Khan retired to his family estate
at Girishk. Prince Kyser, son of Shah Zeman, was
appointed to the Government of Candahar, and Hadjee
,Firoze was allowed to retain that cf Herat. Shah
Shoojah's policy, though conciliatory, was vigorous ;
he applied himself immediately to the reduction of all
the rebellious or turbulent provinces, and brought them
into subjection, and essayed to restore the Government
to its former state of efficiency and order, which had been
so seriously impaired during the recent struggles
and the short but ruinous career of his predecessor on
the throne. During his misfortunes and wanderings,
the Monarch had fallen under numerous and heavy
obligations to various parties, who now surrounded
him, expectant and clamorous for reward, and being
naturally of a liberal and grateful disposition, he soon
found his means fall short of his desire to gratify all
claimants, and the result was that his finances were
reduced, umbrage was given, and disappointment
caused to many who considered themselves neglected
or inadequately rewarded. A considerable portion of
the revenues of Peshawur was made over to those.
Khyber chiefs with whom he had so often found re-
fuge, and numerous large grants of land were made
to these Dooranee chiefs who had adhered to, or be-
friended him during his exile. The Mookhtyar-oo •
Dowlah was appointed Vuzeer, and received numer-
ous other favours, but his services were of that nature
which it was difficult satisfactorily to repay, and while
he probably felt that not enough had been done, the
Shah may have imagined that too much was demanded.
Certain it is, that a coolness gradually arose between
the two, and there were not wanting parties who
found it to their interest to widen the breach.

In 1805, Shah. Shoojah received an embassy at
Peshawur from the King of Bokhara, proposing terms
of friendship and family alliance, which were ac-
cepted. He was now about to turn his thoughts
towards Cashmere, which still remained in rebellion,
when his attention was imperatively called to Can-
dahar, where Futteh Khan had recommenced his
intrigues, and enabled Kamran to eject Prince
Kuser. Shah Shoojah marched in person against
the rebels who were supported by six thousand men
from Herat, under the command of Prince Mullick
Cossim, sou of Hadjee Feroze; a threatened invasion
from Persia caused• the latter to return, and Futteh
Khan, after attempting to form a party by siding with
Prince Kyser and placing him on the throne, again
tendered his submission to Shah Shoojah, which was
accepted, and Kamran, defeated and deserted, fled to
Furrah. • Futteh Khan remained at Court for some
time, but subsequently retired in disgust. About
this period, a Persian army advanced from Meshed,
and defeated Hadjee Feroze's forces in a desperate
action at Shikkeewan ; but they were subsequently
bought off by the payment of a small sum of money.
Shah Shoojah previously exacted a considerable sum
from the Ameers of Scinde, through which province
he marched from Candahar, and proceeded up by the
eastern districts from Peshawur: here he equipped a
force, which he sent under the command of the
Mookhtyar•oo-Dowlah into Cashmere, now the only
province held that 'held out against him. This go-
vernment was then held by a chief named Abdoolah
Khan. After an obstinate resistance, and various suc-
cesses, the Shah's army gained the advantage, and
Abdoolah Khan, who had held out in one of his forts
for two months, at last destroyed himself by poison,
when the fort was surrendered, and the whole province
reduced to subjection during the year 1806. The
Mookhtvar-00-Dowlah having completed this conquest,
and feeling that his presence was required in
Affghanistan, left his son, Atta Mahommud Khan, in
charge of the government, and returned to Caubul.'
In the meantime Shah Shoojah whose jealousy of
the Mookhtyar-00-Dovviail daily ipereased, had ap-

pointed Akram Khan Baumezye as his Vuzeer, and
was at the time of Shere Mahommud's return, en-
gaged in a descent upon Scinde.
The Mookhtyar-00-Dow•lah enraged at this super-
cession, and perceiving that his influence with Shah
Shoojah was passed for ever, collected a large force, of
which he placed himself at the head, and proclaimed
Prince Kyser, Shah Zeman's son, as King. This intelli-
gence reached Shah Shoojah in Scinde ; who promptly
moved up via Derajat to Peshawur, which he secured,
and made his preparations for the struggle. Shere
Mahommed and Prince Kyser arrived in the neigh-
bourhood soon afterwards, and offered him battle ; an

obstinate encounter took place, which ended in the
total defeat of the enemy. Prince Kyser fled frcm
the field, and the Mookhtyar-00-Dowlah was slain:
his head was borne on a spear behind the Shah when
he made his triumphal entry into Peshawur: this ac-
tion was fought on the 3d of March, 1808.
As soon as the Meer Waez, who had remained at
Caubul, heard of the death of his friend the Mookhty-
ar-00-Dowlah, he released all the princes of the blood
who were in confinement there. The Shah marched
Ron Caubul, when the Meer Waez and Prince
yser fled to the Kohistan, but the Prince soon came

in and was freely pardoned—the Shah then moved
towards Candahar, where Mahmood having been
joined by Futteh Khan, was again in force, when an
action ensued which ended in favour of Shah Shoojah,
who once more made himself master of Candahar.
Prom this place he sent orders to have the Meer
Waez put to death, which was done accordingly.
Ile then made another descent upon Scinde from
which he raised a further contribution and returned
to Peshaw ur in January, 1809. Atta Mahommud
Khan who had been left Governor in Cashmere, had,

to revenge his father's death, raised the standard of
rebellion in that province ; the Shah now dispatched
his Vuzeer A kram Khan Baumezye against him.
Akram Khan was a man of undaunted courage and
unswerving fidelity, but he was at the same time
arrogant and haughty and avaricious to a degree. In'
.the month of February, Mr. Elphinstone's mission
arrived at .Peshawur, deputed by Lord Minto, then
Governor-General, to arrange terms on the part of
the British Government, and was very favourably re-
ceived by the Shah. In April following, news arrived
of the total defeat of the Vuzeer in Cashmere and
the destruction of the force employed in that expedi-
tion, and shortly afterwards the Vuzeer himself
arrived with the miserable wreck of the army not ex-
ceeding 2,000 men ; at the same time intelligence
was received that Mahmood, supported by the inde-
fatigable Futteh Khan, had again assembled a -large
force and made himself master, first of Candahar, and
ultimately of Caubul. The Shah's affairs were now
rendered very embarrassing : the Cashmere expedi-
tion had drained his resources of men and money,
enemies were springing up in all qnarters, and a super-
stitious feeling existed, which tended materially to
dispirit his party, and weaken his cause, that his mis-
fortunes were a judgment upon him for putting to
death the holy Syud, Mecr Waez. Notwithstanding
all this, the Shah and his Vuzeer manfully met the
coming storm and managed with considerable exer-
tion to equip a force of about 15,000 men, with which
they boldly marched to meet the enemy in the month
of June;. the British mission having taken its depar-
ture a few days previously. They advanced through
the mountain defiles, until they reached Neemla, a
little beyond Jellalabad, when the advanced guard
was suddenly encountered by Futteh Khan with be-
tween two and three thousand men, and driven back,
a panic spread, and the whole army was beaten in de-
tail ; the Shah and his Vuzeer were marching in the
rear at the time, when intelligence was brought of the
attack ; the latter having his armour on, galloped to
the front, and endeavoured to retrieve the day ; but
he arrived too late, the troops were ahead), dis-
persed and flying in all directions, and after a
gallant but unavailing resistance he fell sword in
hand, fairly borne down by numbers. The Shah
finding all was lost, fled over the hills to Hesarik.
Mustering his few remaining followers, and perceiving
that Mahmood and Futteh Khan had; returned to
Caubul, he pushed across the mountains by the direct
road to Candahar. Previously to marching from
Peshawur, having, perhaps, a presentiment of defeat,
he had sent all his family for safety to Rawul Pindee.
At Candahar a strong party was already formed
against Mahmood, or rather against Futteh Khan, ,
consisting of all the Chiefs of tfie Noorzye tribe,
who burned to revenge the death of Meer Allum
Khan Noorzye, who had been slain some months
previously by utteli Khan, in atonement for certain
indignities offered to the latter by the Noorzye Chief
when formerly in his power. At the head of this
party was Abdoolah Khan, father of the murdered
chief, together with Yehyah Khan Baumezye, brother
to the late Vuzeer Akram Khan, Sauloo Khan
Ishakzye, and several other Dooranie chiefs of note.
Feeling themselves sufficiently strong they advanced
upon Candahar, where they were joined by Prince
Eyoob, who had been left in charge of that Govern-
ment by hikbrother Mahmood. Supported by this
powerful party, Shah Shoojah now found himself
once more at the head of a well' equipped and nume-
rous force ; Futteh Khan had, however, already ad-
vanced to meet them, and an action took place near
Candahar, in the very commencement of which
Sauloo Khan Ishalaye went over to the side of
Mahmood, and Futteh Khan, taking advantage of
the confusion and surprise caused by this desertion,
charged impetuously at the head of his whole force
and put the Shah's army completely •to the rt ute.
The unfortunate monarch was again forced to become
a fugitive, and proceeding southward with a handful
of followers, he crossed the Indus at Bukkur, and
finally rejoined his family at Rawul Pindee, where
he arrived-in the beginning of February, 1810.
Shortly after his arrival at Rawul Pindee, Shah
Shoojah had an interview with Runjeet Singh, who
treated him with marked attention and respect; at
the same time Attah Mahommud Khan, the CTovernor
of Cashmere, who had every thing to dread from the
ambition and energy of Futteh Khan, deputed his
brother, Jandad Khan, to the Shah, and agreed to
assist him with money and troops; receiving as an
equivalent, the cession of the important fortress of
Attock. Towards the end of March, Shah Shoojah
accordingly once more advanced towards Peshawur;
Mahommud Azeem Khan, Futteh Khan's brother,
who had been appointed Governor there, on the part
of Mahmood,
.evacuated the place on the Shah's ap-
proach :—the means of the latter were however too
limited for such an undertaking, he was unable to
advance beyond Peshawur, of which he held posses-
sion, until the following September, when Azeem
Khan returning with a strong force, arove again
beyond the Indus. He made another attempt in the
month of December, 1811 ; but suffered a severe
defeat at Akora, and was at last fain to rejoin his
family at Rawul Pindee. He was not destined to
remain quiet even here, for in the beginning of 1812,
he was persuaded to visit Atta Mahommud Khan,
upon that Chief's invitation, who, notwithstanding
the assistance previously rendered, treacherously seized
him and kept him in confinement, in revenge for the
death of his father, the Alooklityar-00-Dowlah. His
treatment at this period was of the most trying and
' painful character. At first he was confined in the
fortress of Attock, the lancet was frequently held to
his eyes, and on one occasion he was taken into the
middle of the Indus, with his hands bound, and threat-
ened with immediate death—the object of all this se-
verity being, to extract from him the celebrated dia-
mond, the Koh-i-noor, or Mountain of Light, which
he was known to possess. His firmness and deter-
mination however prevailed, and Atta Mahommud
having proceeded to Cashmere, carried him a captive
in his train. From this state of durance, he was
shortly released, and that through the means of
a party from whom he could scarcely have
looked t'or such a benefit. One of the first objects
with Futteh Khan, after having established Mah-
mood securely on the throne, . was the recovery of the
Valuable' province of Cashmere ; in prosecution of this
design; he entered into arrangements with
hte
Runjeet
Singh for a joint expedition, and according? 3 in
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capital,arrival ofhe hreisleasaleldiess.hai? n
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prisoner there. It is believed that even then Futteh
Khan made certain overtures regarding his restora-
tion, hut the Monarch had too frequently found cause
to distrust his professions, and accordingly declined
all offers, pleading his desire to return to his family.
His wish was finally complied with, and he left Cash-
mere in company with Runjeet's Dewan, Mokum
Chund, who had commanded the Seik troops em-
ployed in the expedition; and in the year 1831 he
arrived at Lahore, where he found his family in a con-
dition that remains to be described.

When some months previously he had been con-
veyed a prisoner to Cashmere, his family, together
with his blind brother Zeman Khan, sought refuge
with Runjeet Sinfili at Lahore, who at first received
them with attention and kindness and even held
out hopes of procuring the liberation of the Shah,
and of fitting out an expedition for the purPoe•