The Sun.
London, England, 1842-02-22 00:00:00

eta, .Atit.

LONDON:
TUESDAY MORNING, FEBRUARY 22, 1842.

The debate on Mr. VILLIERS' motion was again re-
newed last night, and, rather contrary to expectations,
was again adjourned. It was begun heavily enough by
Mr. HARDY, who inflicted on the House a dissertation
on laws that were passed to benefit the country, and were
beneficial to particular classes. Mr. HARDY seems to
have a notion that a law is a positive blessing and must
do good. We have understood that every law being an
infringement on liberty is an evil to be justified and
defended only on the ground of necessity and overcoming
some other evil. On this principle, we admire the
wisdom of that ancient people who required every person
to put a halter round his neck who proposed a law, that
he might be ready to give up his life if he
wantonly and unnecessarily wished to inflict a new
restriction on the people. Such legislators as Mr.
HARDY glory in their immunity, and, regarding plenty
of food as a great evil, they complacently—without any
fear of the rope—make and support laws to lessen and
limit its quantity.
The. debate soon displayed to us a new feature in the
character of some of our friends. Colonel Fox, who
was followed by others, declared that he was for a total
repeal, but not for that total repeal now. He and they
admit that the law is a great injustice, but they want
gradually to get rid of it. What should we think of the
police 'which gradually' proposed to check burglary, or
which promised to pnt an end to murder a few years hence?
We regret to say that there are many men like Colonel
Fox in the House, Mr. MACAULAY, Mr. C. BULLER,
and Mr. RICE, the Member for Dover, for example ; and
they state as the ground of their reluctance instantly to
stop the' cruel 'robbery ordained by the Legislature,
that there are vested interests under it. What
can we expect from the Tories, who avow
themselves our enemies, and are determined to
be our tyrants, when our friends regard a sixpence of a
Dowager's annuity, or a shilling of a landlord's rent, as
of infinitely more importance than the health
and lives of the people, now daily sacrificed by
the law which deprives them of food ? When we
heard such sentiments from our friends, our hearts
*auk within us, and we felt at once an almost annihilating
conviction that all hope of obtaining anything from
l'arliPtent must be given up, and the people must rely
on themselves and on GoD.
The debate was enlivened by Mr. MACAULAY'S
eloqueneeand lir. C. BULLER'S wit, but neither the one I
nor the ether atoned to us for their want of stern
justice. Mr. BULLER was less happy than usual,
and more inconsistent,at A ,Ai A.CAULAY smote Sir
ROBERT PEEL very hard, but he acknowledged
that he was not likely to satisfy his consti-
tuents. He will probably hear from Mr DuNcaNt
MacLattEN and the total and immediate repealers of
Edinburgh. Mr. Macaulay is one of the Members who
are for compromising a felony, because it is conjoined
with a breach of trust, and has given to the dishonest
servants of the people a profit in their own wrong.
Want of space will compel us to take only a vet:), brief
and scanty notice of Mr. WAKLEY'S speech, which had
the merit, though it was rambling, of telling the House
some most important truths. He was peculiarly happy
when he spoke of the Protestant landowners regarding
tithes for the maintenance of the Church as
a burden; and when he told the landlords they ought to
regard as a pleasure, with all their privileges, to contri-
bute to the happiness of the poor. He asked empha-
tically, what they meant by agricultural protection ;
was it the protection of their mansions and parks, or of
the' mud hovels of their half-starved labourers ? He
'characterised the course of the landlords as mad, and
*aka ot.abatCorrt-lavv, that it was " the master infamy of
the `i*A" uch language has seldom been heard in
I*.itanteiii.
• . ' t.ttllkaa. never before been listened to, as it

Some questions were asked last night, in the House of
Commons, relative to the case of Mr. EvroN; from the
answers to which, it results that, in the opinion of the
Admiralty, the Court-martial on that gentleman was
composed of officers on whose great knowledge and per-
fect impartiality not a doubt can be thrown ; that Cap-
tain WILLIAMS, the prosecutor, is an officer of high
and unblemished character ; that Mr. ELTON was legally
punished ; and that the Admiralty caused him to be
released, because they thought, after his long
imprisonment on board ship, the justice of the
case and the discipline of the Navy were satis-
fied. We scarcely ever knew an example of the
Admiralty not upholding the authority of a Captain, or
a series of Captains composing a Court-martial, against
a poor Middy or any other subordinate. If indeed a
Captain or an Admiral were concerned, the Admiralty
might doubt or hesitate, but if the victim be below that
rank, the Court is in general held to be immaculate,
and he is denied all redress.

We are acquainted with one case in which a different
rule was followed. A Lieutenant of the Navy was tried
by a Court-martial in the Mediteranean, about three
years ago, for improper conduct ; the evidence against
him was all hearsay or subornation ; nevertheless there
was in the breasts of the Court a horror at his imputed
offence—as we understand there is now in the breasts of
disciplinarians a horror at the liberties taken by junior
officers—and he was found guilty and dismissed the
service. That officer, by dint of strong representations
at head-quarters, and strong proofs of his innocence
supplied from other sources, obtained a re-
vision of the proceedings. The Admiralty referred
the matter to its law officers, who pronounced
the whole proceedings illegal, declared that the evidence
did riot justify the shadow of an imputation on the cha-
racter of the officer, and the Whig Admiralty very
properly and justly restored him to his rank. That
such a case occurred in the Mediterranean is some
ground of suspicion that Mr. ELTON'S case may
not have been conducted altogether according to rule,
We cannot place much confidence, therefore, in
the customary assertion of Sir. G. COCKBURN, that the
Court-martial was quiet a model, when we know that the
same Admiral, Sir Join/ Louis, presided on both trials.
We have heard tales enough from that quarter, to be-
lieve that officers place very little reliance on the dis_
crimination, the firmness, or the impartiality of that
officer. We hope, therefore, that some Member of
the House will bring the subject fully under its con-
sideration, and, if possible, carry a little light into
all the recesses and pigeon-holes of the Admiralty.

The Navy Estimates for the current year, together
with the amount to be voted for the Ordnance, will be
found in another part of The Sun. The Army Esti-
mates have also appeared, making altogether a gross
amount of about 15,000,000 t, for 1842-43, being an in-
crease of only 125,0001. over that of the preceding year,
No one can contrast the small forces employed by land
and sea, with the extensive operations in progress,
without paying a voluntary tribute to the bravery,
energy, skill, and efficiency of the British army and navy.
In the whole history of mankind no instance at all simi-
lar is to be found. The Roman Legions, spread over a
comparatively small spot on the globe, numbered thou-
sands for the hundreds of the British army, while there
is scarcely a nook of land, or a bay throughout the world,
that is not watched and occasionally visited by some por-
tion or other of the British forces. The total
number of all ranks in the army amounts to 121,121,
about one fourth 'of the army of France, while
we are at war with three hundred millions in China,
independent of one hundred millions to be kept in sub-
jection in India, the war in Affglianistan, the prepara
tions in Canada for settling the affair of the Creole and
the Boundary line, and the countless islands and colonies
that are either garrisoned or protected by our army and

navy. The duties required of these brave men of course'
must be incessant and harassing, - and unless some
remedy be provided by the settlement of disputed
questions, it is evident that, within a short
period there must be a large addition to our
forces, and, what naturally follows, a large addition
also to our taxes. This, no doubt, exercises the inge-
nuity of the military authorities, and the heads of
the Treasury, and causes more anxiety than the Corn-
laws or the People's Charter. But with a declining re-
venue, and such vast operations on their hands, would not
a wise Administration be anxious to conciliate rather than
irritate a discontented and starving population ? Is,
however, any one of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S plans calcu-
lated to have such an effect ? Instead of extending the
suffrage, his party try every means to narrow it
still more and more, and while the people cry
out for cheap bread, he mocks them with a new
sliding scale. The higher classes, however, will find that
these great questions cannot be kept in abeyance without
more money, and that a Property Tax, or some other
tax that shall press as heavily on them as on the work-
ing classes, will be imposed speedily by their second
" heaven-born" Minister elect.

The complete success of the revolutionary faction in
Portugal—a faction which we stated from the outset was
receiving the underhand support of the QUEEN and her
husband—quite prepares us for the threatened outbreak
in Spain. The game of Louis PHILIPPE, Madame Mu-
No; and Donna MARIA is won in Portugal. The prelimi-
nary step to the Spanish Revolution has been taken, and
so successfully, that the Christinos and Carlists must be
burning with impatience to measure swords with ESPAR-
TERO. All that is now waited for is the signal from
the Tuilleries. " The plot," says the Paris Conatitutionel,
"is certain. Proofs abound every where. The alliance
between the Christinos and Carlists is nearly arranged
and concluded. The eldest son of Don CARLOS is
to• marry the young Queen ISABELLA. An in-
surrection to further it is fixed for spring.'•
This we stated ourselves on Friday in nearly the same
words. Some details of the plot have, however, since
transpired. The REGENT is to be assassinated, and this
is to be the signal for the general rising. CARLOS and
the Fueros will form the war-cry of the Basques ;
CHRISTINA and the Estatuta Real are to resound south
of the Ebro. The POPE, the King of NAPLES, and
France, are expected to supply funds. The latter is
said to have already guaranteed the requisite supply of
arms and ammunition. General JAREGUY (El Pastor),
M. RIBED, of Pampeluna, and the notorious AVIRA-
NETTA, are at this moment in Bayonne, in readiness to
cross the frontier, where eleven millions of ball-
cartridges are ready to be delivered to them.
Generals CABRERA, VILLAREAL, EGUIA, SILVESTRE,
VORGAS, and O'DONNELL are to assume the chief com-
mands of the revolutionary army. VILLAREAL is
already on his way to Portugal, to obtain succours from
Donna MARIA, his. plan being to invade Spain, from some
part of the Portuguese territory. A large body of
troops has been enlisted in France, and large sums of
money have been subscribed to defray the expenses
of further enlistment. CABRERA. is at Lyons,
surrounded by a host of conspirators, and treating with
commercial houses in London, Strasburg, Marseilles,
and Paris, for loans which are said to be offered very
readily in consequence of the underhand support of the
whole plot by the French Court.

With these facts before the world how is it that no
explanation is demanded from the French Government ?
Will England suffer a country like Spain to be thus a
constant prey to the revolutionary intrigues of refugees
sheltered, and encouraged by France ? France has re-
cognised the Government established in Spain, and,
therefore, the attempt to disturb it is as criminal as it
would be in England to intrigue for the restoration of the
Bourbons.

Letters and Papers from Madrid of the 12th inst.
state that the Government had been apprised of the
success of the revolution in Portugal. It excited great
surprise, although ESPARTtRO had taken the precaution
to establish a strong force on the frontier. The debate
on the Address was still continued.

Ambassador was present at Downing-street when these
ratifications were exchanged, but his Excellency had not
received the ratification by his Court.

The Funds were lower on the Madrid Bourse, the
closing prices on the 12th being 304 for cash; and 31i-
at 60 days, sellers in both instances.

The Belfast Vindicator gives a terrible picture of the
state of crime in the county of Down. " There are at
present," observes this Journal. " upwards of sixty pri-
soners in Down gaol for trial at the ensuing assizes,
charged with the commission of heinous crimes. More
than twenty of these are charged with distinct murders
—a number greater for that awful crime than was con-
tained in all the calenders in this hitherto peaceable
county during the ten years we had of a Whig Adminis-
tration."—This is an excellent practical commentary on
the boast of the Tory Journals, that Ireland has to a
great entent been tranquillized by Earl De Grey's Go-
vernment. Twenty distinct murders—and in one county
too !—are certainly proofs irresistible of the progress of
Irish tranquillity !

MONEY and COMMERCIAL NEWS.

Eight out of the nine committees, or bureaux, into
which the French Chamber of Deputies is divided, have
decided against any mitigation of the law which holds
the printers of public journals responsible for their con-
tents. Now, according to the standing orders of the
Chamber, no subject can be discussed which has not
been voted for by a majority of three of these com-
mittees, consequently the measure is, for the pre-
sent, lost. The principle of the censorship of the
press is therefore completely established, for the printers
can and will refuse to print any article which appears to
them offensive to the Government. In the Com-
mittee, in which M. TRIERS presided, the debate was very
animated. The Ex-Minister spoke against the system
of newspaper persecution, carried on by the Government,
in very strong and animated terms. "As for me," said
M. Tunas, "although I frankly agreed to the Sep-
tember laws, yet so soon as they had the desired effect,
which was to prevent the discussion of the principle of
the right of Government to exist at all, my opinion
was that we ought to institute as few news-
paper prosecutions as possible. I knew that
we could only succeed by packing juries, and intimi-
dating printers, and I disapproved of these methods,
knowing that even they must fail us in the end. It is
only by bearing with the abuses of the press, that
the Government can grow too strong for it."
These opinions are moderate and just ; it is only
a 'pity that M. TRIERS did not carry them into action
when the power of the Government was in his own hands.
But it was he who first inspired LOUIS PHILIPPE with a
hatred of the press, and with a conviction tint its ab ues
could be best restricted by prosecutions.
The Messager declares that there is no foundation fa the
assertion of the Augsburg Gazette, that letters are opened at
the Post-office.

CITY, MONDAY ETENINS.
There has been a decline in the funds to. day of to 14 per
cent. in the absence of any speculative action upon the market,
and there appeared less confidence among the holders.
The numerous amendmefits upon the Government Corn-
law plan to be brought forward in Parliament, are looked upon
in the City as rather indicative of a " split ;" for although there
was a majority of 123 against the measure of Lord J. Russell, it
does not follow that the same majority will not consider even
Peel's instalment too great. The prospects of our trading in-
terests, whatever may be said to the contrary, are undeniably
bad, and the improvement which, after so long a period of
slackness and mistrust, many were anticipating as a matter of
course, this spring, has not yet announced itself. From the
United States, it is feared, we shall still have but few orders
compared with former seasons.
Consols were at from 89} to 881 and 89 for Money, and
from 89A to $Bl and 89 for Account. The jobbers have in
some instances sold preparatory to the settlement on Thursday.
Exchequer Bills dropped to 235. and 20s. premium. India
Bonds were steady at Bs. premium. India Stock was flat at
247. New Three-and-a-Half per Cents. brought 98a to ;
and the Three per Cents. 90 to 89a.
The Foreign bonds kept up their aalue better in propor-
tion than the Hrilish Securities. Active Spanish Bonds
closed at an improvement to 24j. In Portuguese there was
not much doing, but they were a shade better, being at 321.
Mexican Stock got up again to to if, and Peruvian to 154.
Brazilian remained at 65. French Three per Cents. were at
an advance to 118 f. 75c., and Belgians were firm at 104.
Dutch Two-and-a-Half per Cents. brought 52 to 54, and the
Five per Cents 102ito 1021.
There was more business doing in the Share Market, but in
prices no alteration of any magnitude occurred. Brighton
were marked 144, North Midland 31, and Eastern Counties
131 discount. London and Birmingham were 77, South
Western 201, Great Western 19, and Brighton Loan notes
premium. Union Bank of Australia Shares were 41, and
Provincial of Ireland 16 premium.
_ _

(From Tile Sun of Last Night.)
LIVERPOOL COTTON MARKET, FEB. 19.—The Cotton
Market to-day has been exceedingly dull, the sales comprising
2,000 bags only, all to the trade, without any change in prices.
LIVERPOOL SHARE MARKET, FEB. 19.—The following are
the last quotations :—Eastern Counties, 83; Edinburgh and
Glasgow, 453; Grand Junction, 184 ; Half Shares, 92;
London and Birmingham Fifths, 57 ; Midland Counties, 823;
North Midland, New, 153 ; Paris and Rouen, 143.
MANCHESTER STOCK EXCHANGE, FEB. 19.—We have no
improvement to notice in our Market to-day, and but a small
amount of business has been transacted. Our quotations are :
—London and Birmingham, 1673 ; Glasgow and Greenock,
223 ; Lancaster and Preston, 303 ; London and South Western,
59 to 60.

The Continental arrivals consist of two French, two Flan-
ders, and one Dutch mail ; but the intelligence brought by
them is not of importance. The Hamburgh mail arrived late
on Saturday afternoon. Exchange comes the same. Gold had
advanced one schilling, the quotation being 430 k.
Consols opened steady at 89 § for Money and Account ;
Three per Cents. Reduced, 894 ; Ditto, Three-and-a-Half,
99 §; Bank Stock, 169 170 ; Exchequer Bills, 23, 25.
The Foreign Securities opened flat. Spanish Active Stock
has declined to 24* §, in consequence of prices coming lower
from Madrid. The news from Lisbon has had no effect upon
the Portuguese Bonds, the Five per Cents. are 32k ; and the
Threes, 14 ; Mexican Bonds, 35 k. Very little businessdoing.
There has been a fair amount of business transacted in the
English Funds this morning, and, with the exception of Three
per Cents. Consols, the Markets are without alteration, from
-the opening quotations. Consols for Money were last done at 89,
after having been as high as 89i, and may now be quoted at
84 ; and for the Account, 89§; Three per Cents. Reduced,
89 4 Three-and-a-Half ditto, 99%; New Three• and-Half,
981 Exchequer Bills, 23 25.

In the Voreign Market Spanish Active Stock have im-
proved a little upon the opening prices being now quoted
24i ; Passive, 51; and Deferred, 12* ; Mexican Stock,
35* : Portuguese Five per Cents., 32 32* ; Dutch Two and-
a-Half per Cents., 52 52* ; and the Five per Cents., 102 102*.
The Share Market presents no alteration, and but a very
limited business doing. London and Brighton are 35* ex
Loan Notes; London and Birmingham, 167 • London and
South Western, 59% ; Midland Counties, 80% North and
Eastern, 343/4.

..._ _
The Siecle says—" This evening a fact was stated to us,
which proves that the Augsburg Gazette was well informed.
We shall wait for more complete information before we com.
municate it to the public."
BU URSE-I'ARIB, SATURDAY, FEB. 19.

First Highest Lowcst Last
Price Price. Frio. Price.
French 5 per Cents ll9 25 ... ill, 30 ... I'9 20 ... 119 31
43% per Cents.
3 per Cents BO 25 _. 80 30 ... 81 20 ... 80 30
Loau
Bank of France
Latritte Bank 1.0001. Shares 1012 50 ...1012 50 ...1012 50 ...1012 50
5,000 f. Shares tOlO ...5015 ...5010 ...5010
Hewes% Sank
Belgian 5 per Cents.
6 per Cents.. 1840 ReS% ... 1063% ... 1065 ... 1063%
Spanish Active ........ 25% ... 25% ... tds% ... 25%
Pa“ive.................. 53% .. 5% ... 5% ... 5%
Old Deferred ...... .. bii ... 5% ... 5% ... 4%
Portuguese 5 per Cents.
Neapolitan lO5 CO ... 1)6 25 ... 105 60 ... 106 25
N0inan.......
RAILWAY SHARES.

it. Germain ........... 830 ... 830 ... $3O ... 830
Versailles. it. ...... 360 ... 360 357 50 N. 357 50
L.B 220 220 218 7i ... 218 75
Rouen ..... 515 ... 515 ... 513 75 ... 515
Orleans ..... ••••••••••••••••••• 563 75 ... 565 ... 563 75 565
Strasburg to Bale 242 50 ... 247 50 ... 241 50 ... 247 50

COMPENSATION, NOT EMIGRATION, THE ONE THING
NEEDFUL ; JUSTICE, AND NOT CHARITY, WHAT WE
WANT : being a Series of Lectures, &c., delivered be-
fore the Leeds Reform Association, by Hamer Stans-
fold, Esq., Leeds.—The number of persons interested
in spreading sound political knowledge, and willing to
teach, is multiplying. Mr. Stansfeld, however, does
not now enter the field for the first time. He has long
been conspicuous at Leeds for his exertions, and the
little work, of which we have just quoted the title, is the
last of his productions. The lectures are written in an
easy, familiar style, full of apt illustrations, and were
found, we have no doubt, delightful to the classes to
whom they were addressed. We cannot now spare
space either for extracts or quotations, and must
content ourselves with expressirr a wish that many
others may imitate Mr. Stansfeld's example, and
for the people ttEooßnb;NclevoEimt.
he_
_viTnhhfiocerhmTpoe
erdye orpneacreptrov leai
do as much good as he is doing. It is only necessary
l
to have all things put to rights.
dtir are ahlenmoint
at
ttttteahrlesl
pleasedlsony atC °thNel.
conference in Downing-street, to which they were in-
vited previous to the division on Lord Joh iusselsll
motion. Having assembled in considerable numbers, '
and waited some time, Peel walked into the room, silent,
reserved, and apparently sulky. He walked to the top,
and placing his back against the wall he addressedhis
zealous supporters. He told thsm that he had taken the
office which he now held to please them, not himself ;
that he had paid great attention to the Corn-laws, and
the Bill he had brought in was the result of that atten-
tion ; if they did not like the Bill they might bring in
and carry a better by themselves if they could ; he
would not vary his plan. But he wished them fully
to understand that a cold or a lukewarm support would
not do for him. He must have an honest support in the
House of Commons, and out of it also ; and he must
not hear of any talking against his measures in private,
he would be premier in all ; and if they
or any secret cabals against him. If he remained Pre-
mier,things
disliked his rule, it was one of their own choosing, which
he did not covet, and which they might relieve him from
when they thought fit. The fit of sulkiness seized these
assembled Tories, and they departed, to do as he bid
them,lnowing that without him they could do nothing.
PEEL'S CONFIDENCE.—On being told that he had
been burnt in effigy, the non-confident Premier asked
"by which party, the agriculturists, or the manufac•
turers, have I been so honoured ?" On this speech being
reported to one of the bitter agriculturists in the House
of Commons, he replied that Peel ought to have known
better than to make such remarks, considering the posi-
tion in which the farmers had placed him.
On Saturday Lord Aberdeen exchanged, with the
Ministers of Austria, Russia, and Prussia, the ratifica-
tions, by their respective Courts, of the treaty of Lon-
don of the 20th of December, 1841, with a view to the
suppression of the African slave trade. The French

THE SUN, LONDON, TUESDAY _MORNING, FEBRUARY 22, 1841..