The Sun.
London, England, 1842-11-12 00:00:00

WALMER CASTLE.

Jactat Walmer novas celebris arces
Notus Cte.sareis locus trophceis.
Walmer renowned, her new-built castle boasts,
A place well-known to Caesar's armed hosts.

The old historical memories which attach to Wal-
mer Castle, and which, from the earliest pages of our
annals downward, have contributed to throw no slight
celebrity around it, are now about to add to their
number the visit of our illustrious Queen, in defence
of whose shores and people its bulwarks were originally
built.

Weliner Castle stands close to the sea-shore, at
some distance from the village of the same name, and
commands a fine view of the Downs, and coast of
France. It was built by her Majesty's ancestor, King
Henry the Eighth, in the year 1539, and therefore
bears at the present moment upon its walls and bas-
tions the marks and furrows of three hundred and
three years. Its form of construction is that of four
round lunettes of very thick stone-arched work, with
many large port-holes. In the middle is a great
round tower, with a cistern on the top of it, and
underneath an arched cavern, bomb-proof; the whole
is encompassed by a fosse, over which is a draw-bridge.
Before Walmer Castle was built there existed be-
tween it and Deal Castle, which lies but at a short
distance, two eminences of earth, called the Great
and Little Bulwark. These still remain, as proof of
the necessity understood by our ancestors of fortify-
ing this portion of the coast. These once had
embrasures for guns, and formed with others a
defensive line of batteries along that part of
the shore, where there was deep water, and where
ships of war could approach the shore to cover the
disembarking of an enemy's army. The Governor-
ship of Walmer Castle was, by Act of 32 Henry VIII.
cap 48, together with the others built in this county
and Sussex, collectively known under the name of
Quinque Portuuin, or Cinque Ports, put under the
rule of a Captain or Lord Warden, an office at the
present moment honourably filled by the illustrious
Duke.

It was on this spot that the Roman Eagle, after
traversing with unfurled wing the intervening seas,
first stooped and alit in Britain. Here Caesar, herald-
ing his cohorts, landed; and here, too, this " lord of
legions" fought his first battle in the sea, before British
prowess or patriotism allowed an invader to plant foot
upon our shores. It was here, also, that on the
fourth night after his arrival, a great storm damaged
and destroyed so many of his high-proved ships of
burthen, and so injured his galleys, that he was com-
pelled to draw them ashore, where the foundations of
Walmer are now embedded, subsequently enclosing
them with his camp and fortifications. The remnants
of this " ship-camp" are still to be seen ; and Camden
designates the remains by the terse appellative of
" Rome's works." Not, however, - but that Caesar's
" sea-camps " existed in a far mightier body and
shape than any traces of the present day exhibit
them, for most of them have, ages since, been ab-
sorbed by the ocean, which has so long been
exercising its power, and wasting the coast away.
Even since Henry the Eighth's time it has carried off
the sea-ward esplanade of Walmer, and part of its cir-
cular forts. Of late years, indeed, only the providen-
tial ejectment of pebbles has put a stop to the en-
croachment, in some measure ; yet it is still amazing
to see how, by degrees, fosses and trenches are filled
up, and the waters fly even over the banks a consider-
able way into the land.
Camden and Lambarde, in referring to the second
expedition of Caesar hither, state that he again landed
at Walmer, and most likely at the exact spot where
he had done so the year before. After he had taken
his final departure from Britain, the Romans no longer
resorted to this locale, but used the port of Rich-
borough on all occasions.
Placing one's-self on the turrets of Walmer, an
extensive and magnificent prospect appears on every
side. Sandwich haven,—the resort and rendezvous of
war, and trading-ships, and a vast maritime popula-
tion ; Deal,—which in Henry the Eighth's time was
only a small fishing-village, but which now contains
nearly four thousand souls, with its bold open beach,
dock-yards, and stores ; the Goodwin Sands,—with
their soft, spongy, porous surface whose quicksands
will, in six days, swallow up a ship of the largest size
that may chance to strike on them, and which have
" ingurgitated" and voraciously devoured multitudes
of wrecked crews, and properties both personal and
landed ;—these, more or less, meet the eye of the spec-
tator. But the finest view of all is the magnificent ex-
panse of the Downs—a safe and commodious road-
stead for the largest fleets of ships—eight miles in
length, and about six wide, and which, with innume-
rable merchant ships, is sometimes entirely covered.
Their waters gleam in the sunset, and roll to the op-
posite coast, with a smooth splendour, which the finest
channels of other seas cannot often how.

As regards situation, Walmer lies adjoining Deal
in a southward direction, being so called as Valium
Maris or Wall-mer, being the wall, or fortification
made agair.st the sea. It was once part of the hun-
dred of Cornilo, and the manor in which it is situated
Nvas anciently part of the possessions of the eminent
family of Auberville. The Captains of Walmer Castle
have been as follows :

Thomas Alleyn, Gent., appointed by King Henry
VIII. for life, obiit anno 4 Edward VI.

In the year 1558, the Captain of Walmer Castle
was killed by a felon.
William Blaichinden, Esq., appointed by King
Edward VI., June 12, in his fourth year for life.
Edmund Lisle, Esq., appointed in 1616 for life, and
died Oct. 1, 1637.
John Mennes, appointed on Nov. 10, 1637, anno
13 Charles 1., for life.
Christopher Boys was afterwards Captain.
lion. Charles James Fox, in 1779.

William Scott, Esq., 1800.
Mr. Pitt, also Colonel of the Cinque Port
Cavalry. Lastly, his Grace the Duke of Wellington,
of whom, it is to be hoped, that he may yet survive
many years in the enjoyment of the office.
Towards the village of Walmer, there extends a flat,
many feet lower than the high-water mark, which the
beach thrown up along the shore, has fenced from the
sea, and which probably, when Cresor landed, was all
covered with water. Round Walmer Church, which
stands at the south-end of the village, on a rise, is a
deep single fosse.
Walmer is noted for the salubrity of its air, and, in
addition to the beauties of the scenery we have de-
scribed, for its adjoining country, consisting almost
wholly of unenclosed corn fields.
The high-road from Deal to Dover, passes through
the village which is called Walmer-street, and is
built in a neat and prepossessing style. Several
handsome houses adorn it, which' are much resorted
to in the summer season for the benefit of sea-
bathing, and the purity of the air.
Leland, in his " Itinerary," gives the following
description of Walmer in his time, that being in the
reign of " bluff King Harry :"
" Walmer is about a mile from Dele shore, and
looke as from the farther syde of the mouth of
Dovar ; the shore is low to W almere, so is the shore
all cliffy and hye from Walmere to the very point of
Dovar Castell • and there the shore falleth flat, and
a little beyound the towne of Dovar the shore cleveth
to Folkestone. From Walmere to St. Margaretes
ij miles, and ij miles to Dovar."
The town of Walmer at present contains about 100
houses, 'and upwards of 800 acres of land. Its
church has been long reckoned a perpetual curacy,
and continues so at this time. It is not valued in
the Queen's books.

WYNYARD lIOUSE, WEDNESDAY.—The Marquis of
Londonderry, who had the misfortune to break his
arm by his horse falling with him on Monday, while
hunting, is going on well. Last night his Lordship
had some refreshing sleep, and the limb has been set
with skill by his Lordship's medical attendants. The
Marchioness wrote by yesterdays post to Holderness
House, to say that the answer to any inquiries was to
be that the Marquis was recovering. Lord Castle-
reagh arrived from town last week, being his second
visit to his noble relatives since his return from the
east, and will remain here some time. All the pre-
liminaries have been arranged for the marriage of the
Lady Fanny Emily Vane Stewart, eldest daughter
of the Marquis and Marchioness, with the Marquis
of Blandford, eldest son of the Duke of Marlborough,
and the ceremony will take place in town at the close
of the ensuing season, by which period the Marquis
will have attained his majority. His Lordship is now
cruising with Captain Lyon, in the Circassian yacht,
in the Mediterranean, whence he intended to make a
tour in Syria and Egypt.
VISCOUNT MELBOURNE.—The answer to inquiries on
Thursday at the Noble Viscount's residence in South-
street was that his Lordship continued to improve in
health, but he was not yet able to leave his room, and
it was uncertain when his Lordship would remove to
town. We hear also that the Noble ex-Premier is
gradually recovering his usual gay spirits.
The Earl and Countess of Granville have arrived at
Florence, from Germany.

THE FRENCH IN ALGIERS.
Dispatches have been received by the Minister of
War from the Governor-General of Algeria, dated
Algiers, 25th and 30th ult., and enclosing reports
from various quarters, by the commanding officers of
divisions. All that is of any importance in these re-
ports is noticed at sufficient length in the dispatches
of the Governor-General for it to be unnecessary for
us to give more than the latter. The reports consist
chiefly of dry details of affairs with hostile tribes, in
' which the results were of no magnitude, but were in-
variably in favour of the French. In the first dispatch
of Gen. Bugeaud, dated the 25th, he' says
" The autumnal campaign is now over, and we are
able to appreciate the results of it; but, in order to do
so, we must take a retrospective view of events. After
the rude checks which Abd-el-Kader experienced in
the winter and in the spring, he threw himself on the
frontiers of Morocco, where he, in the first instance,
found support from the population ; but, beaten three
times, as well as his auxiliaries, by• Gen. Bedeau, and
having no hope of direct succour from the Emperor,
he proceeded to the desert south of Tekedempta, where
he collected the remains of the regular forces of the
Kalifats of Mustapha Ben Tamy, Sidi Embarrak,
and Miloud Ben Arrach. Being followed up closely
by General Lamoriciere during the summer, lie was
unable to make any serious progress. He put for-
ward, however, the most terrible menaces against all
the tribes who should refuse to take up arms In his
favour; and his proclamations, which were circulated
even as far as the towns in our possession, produced
great uneasiness amongst our allies, and a strong
feeling of excitement amongst the tribes who had
not made their submission. We opposed the influence
of the Emir by a menacing proclamation for the tribes
who should break their faith, and by the excessive
activity of our columns; but the weakness of our
columns, and above all, the distance, and other occu-
pations, prevented us from penetrating into the Moun-
tains of Ouanaris, between the Chelif and the
Mina. There was nothing, besides, to indicate that
it was there that the Emir and his lieutenants
were concentrating their resources. It turned out how-
ever, to be from that point that the modern Jugurtha
commenced in September the campaign which he had
so pompously announced. Allowing General Lamo-
riciere, who was seeking him at the south and south-
east of Tekedempta, to pass by, he threw himself upon
the tribes who had submitted, on the right bank of the
Lower Chelif, and then crossing the country of the
Flittas, where he obtained reinforcements, lie came
and attacked Bordj, and the towns of Kalaa, at a dis-
tance of six leagues from Mascara. In this excursion
the Emir massacred, without the least pity, the indi-
viduals of the submitted tribes who fell into his hands.
We could not imitate him in this horrible career, and
confined ourselves to making prisoners amongst the
tribes who had broken their faith to us. General
Lamoriciere, informed of the course thatAbd-el-Kader
had taken, did not deem it necessary to turn away
from the object he had in view—namely, to reach the
numerous emigrants who had hitherto followed that
chief. He wished also to lay waste the country around
Tekedempta, and he reckoned on these means to
bring the Emir more . quickly back from
Mascara than if he went directly in search
of him. Besides, an appointment had been
made with certain great tribes of the Desert,
and it would have been ill-judged to break it.
Leaving, therefore, to General d'Arbouville, and the
garrison of Mascara, the care of repulsing the inva-
sion, General Lamoriciere proceeded with his plans.
His calculation proved just; for the Emir, being badly
received by the population around Mascara, and pres-
singly called on by the tribe which General Lamo-
riciere was devastating to come to their assistance, he
fell on the Sdamas who happened to be in his road.
This tribe fought valiantly, and at last beat back their
aggressors, who, having continued their way, fell on
the foragers of General Lamoriciere, which caused
the combat of the Bth, of which you know the details.
Since that period we have had no news of Abd-el-
Kader, but what proves that he is at a distance or
unusually inactive—is that confidence has returned
to the whole country. This is what General d'Ar-
bouville writes word, who has returned to Mostaga-
nem, after having scoured the still insubmissive
country of the Flittas. Thus Abd-el-Kader's cam-
paign between the Chelif and the Mina has com-
pletely failed, and has given another proof of his inabi-
lity to recover power. With the exception of a few
tribes or fractions of tribes on the central Chelif and
among the Flittas, the whole country has remained
faithful to France. We must not, however, sleep
over this success. The Emir, supported by the Ka-
byles of the Ouanaris, situate between the Chelif and
the Mina, in a country which it will be difficult for
us to attack during the winter, can annoy exceedingly
the districts that have submitted. We shall not re-
main inactive, and in order to be able to penetrate
between the two rivers, I am urging on the construc-
tion of a bridge over the Mina. But whilst Abd-el-
Kader was endeavouring to retrieve his aftairs in the
east of the province of Oran, I took away from him
the east of the province of Algiers, and his Kalifat
Ben-Salem was overturned. At the same time Gen.
Changarnier procured the submission of the province
of Tittery, which still counted some insurgent tribes.
Col. Saint-Arnaud was ruining on the lower Oued-
Fodda the insubmissive tribes which had taken up arms
on the appearance of Abd-el-Kader. To sum up, the
autumnal campaign leaves us in the following posi-
tiOn :—From the foot of the Jurjura to a line drawn
from the mouth of the Oued-Ruma in the Chelif, as
far as Tam and the Desert, the whole country has sub-
mitted, and carries on at present trade with Algiers.
The same is the case with all the country between the
Mina, the frontier of Morocco, the sea, and the Desert.
The war, therefore, is concentrated between the Chelif
and the Mina, on a square of about 25 leagues of
coast. But as there are about 150 leagues from the
Jurjura to the frontier of Morocco, it follows that
Abd-el-Kader has lost five-sixths of his states, all his
forts and war depots, his permanent army, and, what
is still worse, the influence attached to his name even
in 1840."

In a second dispatch, dated Algiers, Oct. 25, the
Governor-General says :—" The state of affairs re-
mains the same as at the departure of the last mail—
great commerce, great security, great activity. We
have received from Grasse 39 families, whom we
have installed at the village of Cheragas. They are
healthy and strong, and appear to be fit for farming.
At twelve o'clock to-day arrived at Algiers Mahy-el-
Din and all the chiefs from the East. The day after
to-morrow I shall confer the investiture upon them."
On October 30, General Bugeaud writes :—" All
the eastern chiefs (of the ex-government of the Ka-
lifat of Ben Salem) who arrived at Algiers on the 25th,
were brought by Mahy el Din. These personages
and their suite amounted to 124 horsemen. The 26th
was employed in organising that government, and, on
the 27th, all the chiefs nominated went to the Palace
of the Government, preceded by a band of music, and
bearing the colours which I presented to the Kalifat
in the name of the King. After my address, and the
answer of the Kalifat, I gave the investiture, announc-
ing that it would require the sanction of his Majesty.
All the Arabs appeared to be deeply impressed with
the importance of the act they had solemnised. Their
manners, words, and countenances expressed a loyalty
which gave me confidence in the solidity of our 0-
vernment in the east. On the same day all the chiefs
departed, full of confidence, to take possession of their
offices."

William Brougham, Esq., one of the Masters in
Chancery, his lady and family, on Monday last, left
Brougham Hall, in the county of Westmoreland, the
seat of Lord Brougham, his brether, for Southamp-
ton-buildings, London.
We understand that Henry Kemmis, Esq., Q.C.,
has been appointed to the Chairmanship of Kilmain-
ham, vacant by the resignation of Maxwell Blacker,
Esq. ; and that Christopher Coppinger, Esq., succeeds
Mr. Kemmis as Chairman of the county Kildare.—
Dublin Mail.

- - ----
TILE Int sH-orricE.—Work men, by ordefoftheßoard
of Works, are now employed in repairing the Irish-
office in Great Queen-street, and no intention exists
of removing the business of the department to Gwydyr
House, Whit4hall, at present.
CELEBRATION OF TUB PRINCE OF WALES'S BIRTH-
DAY.—WhiIe some of the tradesmen of Brighton
were celebrating the birthday of the infant Prince, at
the White Horse Hotel, on Wednesday evening, the
company were disturbed by some miscreant throwing
through the window a stone of two or three pounds'
weight, which glanced by the head of the high con-
stable, who was in the chair, and fell on the table.
Several persons immediately rushed out, but the
ruffian had escaped.
TRALEE.—The fair in this town on Monday was
very numerously attended, and there was a large show
of stock ; but the farmers complained loudly of the
depreciation in value, there being a decided falling off
in prices, except for sheep, even since the last
fair here, on the 10th of October. Very little busi-
ness was transacted, and, on the whole, it was a bad
fair for sellers. Good much cows fetched 81., inferior
ones much lower; heifers from 31. to 31. 10s.: a few
prime ones, 41. ; store sheep, Bs. to 10s. ; fat ditto,
18s. to 20s. In the price of pigs there was a remark..
able falling off, the best description bringing but 20s.
the cwt.; inferior ditto, 15s. to 18s. The prices at
our last fair averaged 28s. the cwt.—Kerry Exam'
NATIONAL OPERA.—We are enabled to state, Zr
on.
the best authority, that the long wished for Music
Hall is likely soon to be in course of erection.
is n
and less
Thepatron of this national undertaking
than Prince Albert. Earl Homp'e'es,r
of such
asil e
ud eshs
practical
arPeacrtiscoanl
distin-
guished names, will shortly pa
add, that the Committee will consista when we
men as Messrs. Broadwood, Erard, Collard, Addison,
Chappell, Beale, Cramer, &c., there can be no doubt
that they will e eagerlysu
supported by all lovers of
national music. It is gratifying
in-
quiry of last week, as to what
htoadu us
becomethat ourofhe
National Opera, is so satisfactorily answered. We
shall lay the full particulars before- our readers next
week.—Dramatic and Musical Review.

FRIDAY NIGHT'S GAZETTE.
INDIAN DISPATCHES.
(In Continuation of the Dispatches from India, published
in the Gazette of the Bth inst.)
NOTIFICATION.
Simla, Sept. 13, 1844.
The Governor-General of India is pleased to dir
the publication of the following copies of a letter from
Major-General Pollock, C. 8., dated Aug. 26, and its
inclosure, in continuation of his dispatch of the 25th
ult., published in General Orders of the 4th inst.
By order, &e..,
T. H. MADDOCE, Secretary to the Government of
India, with the Governor-General.
FROM MAJOR-GENERAL POLLOCR, C. 8., COMMANDING IN
AFFOHANISTAN, TO T. H. MADDOCK , ESQ., SECRETARY
TO THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.
Camp, Mammoo Khail, Aug. 26, 1842.
Sir,—l have the honour to forward, for the in-
formation of the Right Honourable the Gover-
nor-General of India, a copy of a letter from
Major-General J. M‘Caskill, K.H., commanding the
infantry division, transmitting a copy of a letter from
Lieutenant-Colonel Taylor, K.H., commanding her Ma-
jesty's 9th foot, regarding the omission of the name of an
officer in the report yesterday forwarded to you. I shall
feel gratified if this omission can be rectified.
I have, &c., G. POLLOCK, Major-General,
Commanding in Affghanistan.
FROM LIEUTENANT-COLONEL A. IL TAYLOR, HER MA-
JESTY'S 9TH FOOT, TO CAPTAIN HAVELOCK, DE-
PUTY ASSISTANT-ADJUTANT-GENERAL.
Camp, Mammoo Khail. Aug. 26, 1842.
Sir,—ln my report of yesterday's date to you, for the
information of Major-General APCaskill, K. 11.,
commanding the troops engaged on the hills and
in front of Kooclee Khail, on the 24th instant., with
the enemy, I beg to observe, that I have inadver-
tently omitted to mention that Captain Taylor, of the 26th
native infantry, was in command of that portion of the
force, consisting o: two companies of the 26th native infan-
try, half a company of her Majesty's 9th foot, and about
30 or 40 sappers, which were so warmly engaged during
the day in defence of the left of our position, when much
pressed by the enemy retiring before Brigadier Tulloch's
column. Those troops behaved with great spirit and
gallantry ; and Captain Taylor deserves every praise fur
his zeal and exertions on the occasion.

I hare, &c.

A. B. TAYLOR,
Lieutenant-Colonel, 9th Foot.

Erratum in the Gazette of the Bth instant—ln the
letter from Major-General Pollock, dated August 25,
1842, for " Captain Ponsonby, Assistant-Adjutant-Gene-
ral ; Captain Lank , Commissary of Ordnance ;" read,
" Captain Ponsonby, Assistant Adjutant-General ; Cap-
tain Macadam, Deputy Judge Advocate-General ; Cup-
tain Lane, Commissary of Ordnance."
ST. JAMES'S PALACE, OCT. 31. . _

The Queen has been pleased, on the nomination of
Lord Forester, to appoint James Matthias Gilbertson,
Esq., one of her Majesty's llonourable Corps of Gentle-
men-at-Arms, vice Walsh, retired.
WHITEHALL, Nov. 8.

The Queen has been pleased to direct letters patent
to be passed under the Seal appointed by the Treaty of
Union to be made use of in place of the Great Seal of
Scotland, granting the office of her Majesty's Solicitor-
General for Scotland to Adam Anderson, Esq., Advocate.

The Lord Chancellor has appointed William Buckle,
of Cheltenham, in the county of Gloucester, Gent., to b•
a Master Extraordinary in the High Court of Chancery.
ADMIRALTY, Nov. 10.
Corps of Royal Marines—ll. T. Swain, Gent., to be
Second Lieutenant ; C. R. Driver, Gent., to be Second
Lieutenant.

Commission by the Lord Lieutenant of the East Riding
of Yorkshire and Borough of Kingston-upon-Hull.
C. Wood, Esq., M.P., to be Vice-Lieutenant, Oct. 13.
WAR-OFFICE, OCT. 27.
MEMORANDUM.—The 72d Regiment of Foot was per-
mitted, on the 19th of December, 1823, by his late Ma-
jesty George the Fourth, to be called " The 72d, or the
Duke of Albany's Own Highlanders .;" and his Majesty
was further pleased, on 21st June, 1824, to approve of
his Royal Highness's Cypher and Coronet being borne
upon the colours of that Regiment.