The Sun.
London, England, 1845-11-03 00:00:00

rnE SITN,

Even the most humane sect in her 111.t.rEsTY's dominions are
prominent players, and, forgetting their usually mild and
Christian pt inciples, think more of ss. the quarter than the
sufferings and death of thousands. We blame not them ;
we blame the atrocious law which forces on, which holds out
a premium, and amply rewards the most pitiless of all gam-
blers. The people, if they expect relief, must bestir them-
selves. Neither PEEL nor the press can do much without
them ; for whatever influence a newspaper may possess, those
best acquainted with its powers know that it can do little
without the aid of public opinion and public demonstration.
Now is the time to be up awl doing. Such an opportunity
may not occur for ten or twenty years; and all who allow it
to pass, without seizing the precious moments, and striking
in time, must be reckoned participators in the crimes of those
who would starve the people for " a marriage settlement,"
and destroy our commerce and manufactures for the epheme-
ral profits of a small and selfish faction.

It is unnecessary for us, we trust, to remind our read-
ers of the undeviating earnestness with which we have
ever advocated the claims of Ireland to participate in
the advantages of her Legislative Union with this coun-
try, to the fairest—that is to say, to the fullest extent.
Deprecating, as we have never ceased to do, the imprac-
ticable and mischievous agitation c,f repeal, we are, on
the other hand, just as distinctly prepared to maintain
the indefeasible rights of our Irish brethren to a perfect
equality of all the civil and political benefits, the
diffusion of which was the pretext and remains
the still unsatisfied condition of the union in
question. Now, whatever be our objections to the
general policy of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S Government,
and on some great questions they are neither
alight nor few, we conceive that it is impos-
sible to deny that he deserves the praise of
being actuated by a sincere and zealous desire to ex-
tend " justice to Ireland." It by no means follows that
because her MAJESTY'S Ministers cannot follow, par'
passe, Mr. O'CoNtszu. and his partizans in their course
of operations for the redress of Ireland's grievances—
and for something beyond that object—therefore they
are to be justly suspected of insincerity or lukewarmness
in the cause. Motives of prudence, views of policy,con-
siderations and even necessities of circumstances that can
have no such immediate bearing upon private individuals
combined in an extensive association may well operate
with Ministers to make them consider maturely—and,
therefore, at some sacrifice of time—every step they take
in the affairs of Ireland, looking to the vast amount of
responsibility under which' any measures for the amelio-
ration of Ireland must be adopted. The risk of defeat—
of defeat the consequences of which can only react with
destructive effect on their own official existence, and to
the general disorganization of the State—is sufficient to
bespeak a large measure of indulgence fur some
tardiness in attempting. But, upon a candid con-
sideration of all the elements that compose the " Irish
question" with which they have to deal, it must be
allowed that her MAJESTY'S Ministers have com-
mitted themselves by some very momentous
concessions to a scheme of civil regeneration for the
Irish people. This they have done to so decided an ex-
tent, that if the required degree of success have not
hitherto attended their well-meant efforts, we may fairly
assume the fault to be in the counsels which govern the
department of the Irish people. It is not to be forgotten
that a pertinacious demand for a repeal of the union
must, in the nature of things, inevitably retard the pro-
gress of equal justice to Ireland, not alone with the
Imperial Legislature, but with the vast majority of
the British people ; who, entertaining a strong
opinion that to concede that repeal would amount
to a virtual dismemberment of the empire, never
will, and never ought to, sacrifice that conviction
to the language of intimidation or the physical elo-
quence of multitudinous assemblages and monster meet-
ings. We must say, a ith sorrow, but in sober earnest-
ness, that it is high time this sort of machinery should
be discontinued. It should be abandoned feorn its po-
sitive incompetency to attain its avowed purpose, were
there no other reason for such abandonment. But
we fear it has already produced bad results, and
excited hostility against those denounced as " Saxons."
Our columns to-day record another of those fright-
ful mid-day assassinations in Tipperary which are
the curse and the infamy of modern Ireland. Another
landlord, in the very act of superintending the employ-
ment helhad devised for a large band of labouring men—
in that land the great social evil of which is admitted on
all hands to be the deficient demand for a ready and
unlimited amount of labour—has been shot dead by two
ruffians, with the obvious object of personal revenge,
under the usual circumstances of cowardly, creeping,
and calculating bloodthirstiness which distinguish these
more than monthly murders of Irish landlords or ma-
gistrates. They have been of late so frequent—their
features present so much of unmitigated atrocity—their
detection has bean, and yet remains in so large a ma-
jority of instances unaccomplished, if not hopeless—and
the peasant communities of whole districts in which
they occur manifest so brutal an apathy about sur-
rendering, or, rather, so evident a desire to favour the
escape, of the guilty criminals, that it is in vain for the
great leaders and directors of the Irish national
party, as it is called, to affect to attribute these
horrors to English misgovernment or Imperial legisla-
tion. The fault lies with the Irish people themselves.
The peasantry are all too prone to indulge in these
bloody excesses of resentful passions, such as one should
not expect to encounter out of the limits of New Zealand
or Ashantee; and the gentry must be strangely neglect-
ful of their own duties to that peasantry, among whom
such numerous and frightful and revolting assassinations
are perpetrated, in a single year, with almost absolute
impunity. Detection, at least, is the exception—impu-
nity the rule. They who can marshal legions and con-
trol popular passions, must surely have some power, if
they chose to exert it, to rescue society, and the cha-
racter of their native country, from the opprobrium of
systematic murders.

We have received Madrid journals of the 25th and
26th of October. Some of them contain articles on the
QUEEN'S marriage, but all appears to be guess and
rumour. The Fee del Comireio, which evidently is
obliged to guess like the rest, ventures, however, to assert
that the question lees been decided at Itre Tuileries, that
the Count DE TRAPANI is to marry the QUEEN, and the
Duke DE MONTPENSIER her sister, the Infanta LUISA.
The Foreento, of Barcelona expresses much satisfaction
at a resolution come to by the Government relative to
a propos( d railway in that quarter. "It appears,"
says that journal, " tl.at in the course of December next
the works on the Railway frcm Barcelona to Mataro are
to commence. They have been delayed solely because
no determination had been come to by the Government
as to a fresh obstacle started against the enterprise. The
Government's decision has at length been communicated,
and we congratulate ourselves on seeing commenced the
first railroad that will have been constructed in Spain."
N,) public business was transacted on the Madrid
Bourse on the 25th or 26th, but several private sales had
taken place. The Three per Cents. were done on the
25th at 34, and the Fives at 23k, both for cash.

The intelligence in the Paris papers relates chiefly to
the affairs of Algeria, which evidently give rise to much
uneasiness. We have subjoined the only extracts from
them of interest to the English reader, and refer with
pleasure to another subject, because it shows the blessings
which France begins to derive from peace, and holds out
encouragement to the Government to turn its attention
more and more to the increase of trade and manufac-
t.gres. During the year 1844 France exhibited a very great
inivrovement in these respects. From a document published
by the Minister of Commerce, it appears that the total
foreign azid colonial trade of France for 1844 amounted
to 2,340 minions of francs, showing an increase of 161
millions of frems, or rather more than 6,000,000/. As a
proof, however, of the bigotry which prevails and the
absurdity of teas prohibitive la% s, the im-
ports remained Warly stationary, while the
exports had increased 14 per cent. The trade. of 1844,
as compared with that of 18.13, had generally increased
in the following proportions :---11eited States 12 per
cent., England 4 per cent., Switzerland 13, the Sardinian
States 9, Belgium 15, and Spain 26 per cent. The in-
crease on the exports is remarkable, and is chiefly on the
following articles :—Cotton cloths 26 millions of francs,
or 32 per cent., woollen cloths 24 million. 3, or 31 per
cent., silk manufactures 14 millions, or 11 per. cent., and
flax and hemp 7 milions, or 31 per cent. nese are
gratifying prospects, and we are certain that all the best
friends of France will view them with more satisfacticmi
than the most splendid victories. The P,esse, however,
far from being thankful to the Government, seems to
urge it on to new conquests, and holds up England as
an example. " Never," it says, " has the spirit of inva-
sion and conquest been carried so far as at pr.sent. It
must be acknowledged that at no period did England
develop so much perseverance, and so much endurance
to attain the object and the term of her ambition—that
is to say, to become the absolute mistress of the trade,
the manufactures, and the markets of the two hemr-
spheres—in a word, the mistress of the world. By fair
means or foul she must have markets—that is, king-
doms to govern. She neither discusses the means nor
the expense, she ever advances, acting in one place by
address, in another by force. She marches straight to
her object in Egypt, in Syria, in India, in China, in
America, and in Australia/N. She regards not the
remonstrances of any party against the legitimacy
of her conquests. As to her official agents, she pays
them liberally and even ostentatiously. They are con-

LONDON,

stantly supplied with presents for the chiefs of the
country with which England wishes to engage in com-
merce, and her ships of war and steam-boats are ever
ready to support with energy the demands and the pre-
tensions of her agents. England calculates not by francs
and centimes what a foreign establishment will cost her,
what she calculates is the increase of the general wealth
of the empire, well convinced that a colony is never
onerous to the State when it is productive to individu
or indispensable for the political greatness of the country.
Has France followed the same course, or has she attained
the same result?" We can tell why England is so sue

cessful and France so far behind. England conquers by

civilizing neighbouring States, protecting the industrious
and favouring commerce, so that she has more applications
fur admission within her pale than she can well accommo •
date. France unfortunately tries to conquer by violence
alone, and thereby raises up enemies in every quarter.
For these. reasons she is only feared and hated in
Otaheite and Algeria, and excites suspicions in other
coun;ries that may anticipate her visits. The Algiers
papers state that Marshal BUGEAUD arrived at Milianah
on the 21st, left that place on the 22d, and was ex-

pected to arrive, on the 27th or 28th, at Tiaret, with a
column of about 9,000 men ; and a letter from Oran

adds :

" Abd-el-Kader, as you may believe, has turned to the
best account the reverses we have experienced; thus, he has
carried through all the tribes, and even into Morocco, four
hundred Frenchmen's heads; and now he is exhibiting the
two hundred Frenchmen captured at Tlemcen and Tmo.)chen,
telling his fanatic partisans that, through the favour of Ma-
homed, when they attempted to defend themselves, their
weapons fell from their hands."
The Debuts gives the following from Algiers, under
date of the 22d :

" The news we received from the west confirms the fears
inspired by the results of the treachery of which our troops
have been made victims near Djemma Ghazaouat. TLe
heads of our soldiers paraded among the tribes has excited
the Arabs to such a degree of effervescence, that an almost
general insurrection of the province has ensued. At Mas-
cara there has been a revolt of parts of the Beni Chougrans,
the Sidi Dahos, and the Hachem Che:agas. The Djaffras
and Yakoubias are also said to have fallen off. The camp
of Anizert, left by the advance of our troops, has been burnt ;
the road between Mascara and Oran has been intercepted
for several days. In spite of this and of the warnings given,
soma carriers have imprudently ventured out, and several
have been killed, and had their horses and conveyances
captured by the Beni Chougrans, near Oued Ham-
mon. You may conceive the advantages which
the Arabs gain by these coups de main. In the
quarter of Djemma Ghazaouat it appears certain
that General Lamoriciere has beaten the Kabyles on the
12th, 13th, and 14th, the news of which must have reached
France. In the subdivisions of Mostaganem, the Scheriff
of Boa Maza, as you no doubt already know, has come
under the very walls of the town, with more than 300 horse
and 1,000 foot. As soon as his approach was known, Lieu-
tenant-Colonel Mellinet went out with about 60 of the
4th Regiment of Chasseurs, leaving orders for the infantry
to follow in all haste. He soon fell in with the enemy in the
Valley of the Gardens, and in spite of the inferiority of his
force, made a vigorous charge, and killed a great number.
This charge was followed up to three leagues; but when Col.
Mellinet gave orders to his column to make a move to
the left, in order to gain the crests of the hills, the enemy,
believing that he was making a retreat, came down in a
mars, and a melee ensued, whica threatened to be very
murderous, when Major Odin, of the 4th Chasseurs, came up
with some horse, and the infantry also entered the valley.
The Arabs then retired, leaving their dead on the ground,
and our troops returned with the more credit, as in this
affair many (.f the soldiers found themselves under fire for
the first time, and fought under the disadvantage of a great
inferiority of numbers. However unfortunate may have
been this general rebellion of the west, it cannot raise any
uneasiness as to our future domination. It has been ob-
served that, Lowever extended and wide the revolt may be,
many of the tribes have shown much greater hesitation in
joining it than they would have done a few years back.
The Marshal is advar.cing upon this part of the country.
On the 20th he rested, with his column, among the Sou-
rnatas, marching straight upon Teniet-el-Had. On the
other hand, thanks to the energetic measures taken by the
Government, all the posts threatened have already received
reinforcements, and at this time two battalions are land-
ing at Oran, and two others at Mostaganem. At some
compensation for this news from the west, that from the
east continues to be satisfactory. General Marcy, who com-
mands the expeditionary column of the Hamza, is encamped
at Sour-el-Grezelan, having emptied the silos and reduced the
disaffected tribes to subsist on straw. Ben Salem has returned
ill to his family, and Bou Maza of the Djebel Djira, aban-
doned by- his partisans, is wandering in misery in the mountains
of the Jurjura, into which he has fled. Several tribes have
demanded the Aman, and already fractions of the Ouled Dris,
the Ouen Noughas, and the Hades have come into our camp.
Sidiel Zjoudi, chief of the Gaouaoua confederation, has abso-
lutely refused to march with Ben Salem. This, no doubt, is
not from any sympathy with us; but his eldest son, on his
way to Mecca, in passing through Algiers, was received
with liberal hospitality, and it is probably from this that he
shows some inclination towards us. The Khalifs, Ben Mehl
Eddin serves us with his uniform zeal and fidelity. He lately
supplied General Marcy with 50) mules to carry provisions
for his column. The Khalifs. of Medjana, on his part also,
on being summoned to effect a junction with our troops, did
so without the least hesitation, bringing with him 500 horse.
Nothing has occurred on the plain of Mitidja to disturb the
colonists. The roads from Algiers to Blidah, Fondouck,
Coleah, Kouba, and Beni Mown are crowded with Moorish
and European travellers. For several days our markets have
resumed their former activity. The Kabyles and Arabs come
in numbers, bringing oil, fruit, honey, wax, skins, oxen,
wood, charcoal, butter, poultry, and game. The sth Chas-
seurs have just arrived from France, and gone into garrison
at Mustapha, a banlieue of Algiers."
The following are miscellaneous extracts from the

papers:—
"The Chancellor and the Grand Referendary of the Cham-
ber of Peers have received letters from the King, desiring
them to hold themselves in readiness to come to the Tuile-
ries on the first notice, to be in attendance on the accouche-
ment of her Royal Highness the Princess de Joinville.
" The Quotidienne, in an article on the marriage of the
sister of the Duke de Bordeaux with the Duke de Lucca,
rectifies the reports as to the fortune of her Royal Highness,
which has been said to amount to 14,000,000 f., and affirms
that it is no more than between 6,000,000 and 7,000,000 f.
The marriage contract was settled on the 22d, at Frohsdorff.
On the 20th the Princess was persented at the Court of
Vienna as an affianced bride.
" The Jiouiteur publishes a report to the King from the
Minister of the Marine, on th 9 amount of the losses sustained
by the Government from the fire at the Mourillon, part of
the arsenal at Toulon. It estimates the timber consumed at
2,042,957 f.; the sheet-iron tanks, either damaged or rendered
totally useless, at 287,940 f., and the buildings destroyed at
834,000 f., making a total loss of 3,165,000 f. The report is
followed by a royal ordonnance, granting a credit to the
amount of 3,165,000 f. to the Minister of Marine, to be ap-
plied in procuring a fresh supply of timber to the amount in
value of that destroyed, and for the reconstruction of the
buildings burnt, and replacing the tanks which were destroyed
or damaged."

The Frince publishes the following letter from Genoa
of October 24 :

" Shortly after the arrival of the Emperor and Empress of
Russia in this city, they received a visit from Don Carlos and
his wife. The interview was exceedingly cordial. The Em-
peror and Don Carlos conversed together a long time, and a
few hours after the Emperor and Empress returned the visit.
During his short stay at Genoa, the Emperor had frequent
interviews with Don Carlos. The King of Sardinia shows
great attention to the latter and to the young princes. They
all dine frequently with the King.
An Italian journal says that-
" The health of the Empress of Russia is so deeply affected
that her Oomestics are often obliged to carry her. Two foot-
men always attend her, with a couch prepared for the pur-
pose; and it was in this way that she was seen to visit seve-
ral of the monuments in Italy. She was wasted so com-
pletely away, that little hope is entertained of her recovery.
Her life has been worn out in the whirl of fides, over which
she was obliged to preside, and the recent death of her
youngest daughter has given the finishing blow to her health,
which for twenty years has never entirely recovered from
the terrible scenes which signalised the accession of Nicholas."
The price .of bread at Paris, for the first fortnight of
this month, has been fixed at 38c. the kilogramme, about
Bid. for the 41b. loaf.
Both Funds and Shares have much improved. On the
Paris Bourse on Friday the Three per Cents. closed at 82f.
65c. ; the New Loan at 82f. 70c.; the Five per Cents. 117 f.
60c. ; the Orleans Railroad Shares, 1,205 f.; Rouen, 1,025 f.;
Havre, 812 f. 50c.; Avignon, I,oolf. 25c. ; Bordeaux, 6501.;
Boulogne, 578 f. 75c.; Troyes and Montereau, 5031. 75. c.;
Bale, 2721. 50c. ; Northern, 785 f.; Spanish Three per Cents.,
3734.
The following are the quotations for other new lines :-
Paris and Lyons Railroad (Laffitte), 518 f. 50c.; ditto (Ca-
Ion), 5041.; ditto (Ganneron), 509 f. ; ditto (La Pinson-
niere), 503 f. 50c. ; Northern Line (Laffitte), 570 f. ; ditto
(Rosamel), 535 f. ; ditto (Pekin Lehalleur), 526 f. 50c. ; ditto
(Decan Lebeuf), 526 f. 50c.; Paris and Strasburg (Hinguer-
lot), 5141. ; Gentil Fol, 510 f.; Tours and Nantes (Mackenzie),
521 f. 50c. ; ditto (Lefevre) 505 f. 50c. • Lyons and Avignon
(Talabot), 527 f. ; ditto (Lecointe), 5101.; ditto (Compagnie
Meridionale), 5051. ; Bordeaux and Cette (Espeleta), 5131.
50c. ; Creil and St. Quentin (Carette), 510 f. 50c. ; ditto
(Colbert), 501 f. 25c.
MARSEILLES, OCT 28.-Marseilles ar.d Avignon, 1,0001.;
Vivrzon, 7321. 50c.; Orleans and Bordeaux, 660 f.
LYONS, Ocr. 30.-Paris and Orleans, 1,185 f. ; Paris and
Rouen, 1,0221.50 c.

Saturday being the file of All Saints, the Bourse was
closed. At To RTOXI'S the Three per Cents. were
quoted at 82f. 70c. for the end of November.
BUSINESS DONE IN FOREIGN RAILWAYS AT THE
LONDON STOCK EXCHANGE, Nov. 1.
Anglo-Belgian Madrid and Valentia...
Boulogne and Amiens lO3 Namur and Liege
Bordeaux &Mediterran North Jamaica .....
Bordeaux and Toulouse Orleans and Vierzon

Do. & Cette (Espeleta)
Do. (Mackenzie's) 1 Ai
Central of Spain ..
Demerara
Dendre Valley ...... 15A
Dutch Rhenish
Dieppe & Paris Junct —
Dijon and Mulhou:ze;
Ewt Indian
Grt i:urt hern of France
(Lafti:te's)
Ditto (Llosamel's)
Do. (Le boeuf)
Do. Pepin lc lialleur —
Great Paris and Lyons —
Great Western Bengal 1
Jamaica S Mid. Junction •
Do. North Midland —
Do. Extension
Jersey
Louvain and Jemeppe 3%
Lyons and Avignon 2
Luxembourg

Orleans and Bordeaux
Over Yssel
Paris& Lyons (Laffitte) 25.4
Ditto (Ganneron's). 3
Ditto (Calon's).... -
Paris and Orleans...• 47
Paris and Rouen . 39
Paris and Strasburg
(Ganneron's).
Do. (Aymards)
Do. (Conipte de L'F:st)
Paris and St. Quentin.
Rouen and Havre
Royal North of Spain
Sambre and Meuse
Strasburg and Basle
Tournay,Jurbise, Lan-
dent, and Hassell
Tours and Nantes
(Mackenzie's)
Do. (Lefebvre's) •
Verona and Ancona
West Flanders

THE LORD MAYOR ELECT.—The Lord Mayor
elect attended at the Lord Chancellor's house in George-
street, Hanover-square, to-day, when the Lord Chancellor
signified her Majesty's gracious approval of the choice cf
the City. The Recorder introduced the Lord Mayor elect,
and after enumerating his excellent qualities, all parties
partook of the loving cup of mulled claret. After which the
Lord Mayor elect invited the Lord Chancellor to the banquet
on the 9th.