The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-10 00:00:00

THEATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN.

The Public is respectfully informed that Miss Adel•idelKemble being
sufficiently recov• red than hor severe indisposition,
THE THEATRE WILL OPEN

THIS EVENING, SEPTEMBER 10, when
Will be performed Bellini's Opera of NORMA.—Pollio, Mr. W.
Harrison; Oroveso, Mr. Giubilei; Flavius, Mr. Binge; Norma, Miss
Adelaide Kemble; Adalgisa, Miss Rainforth; Clotilda, Miss ne.
After which will be produced a New Comedy, in Two A ets, writ.
ten by Douglas. Jerrold.'Esq., entitled GERTRUDE'S CHERRIES,
OR WATERLOO IN 1835 —Willoughby, Mr. Bartley; Vincent,
Or. W. Lacy ; Guibert, Mr. Diddeari Jack Halcyon, Mr. Har ey ;
Crossbone, Mr. Meadows; Angelica, Aisle Cooper ; Mrs. Crossbone,
Mrs. Huniby ; Gertrude. Mrs. W. Lacy.
Doers open at half-past and the Performances begin at Seven.
Drees Boxes 75.. Second l'rice 3s. 6,1 First and Second Circles 55..
Second Price *is. 6d. ; Pit ' Seeond Price 2s. ; Gallery Is. Tickets
and Places for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. Whitlow, at the Box.
(Mice. from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets may be had.
Prirate Boxes to be had at the Box.Otti e; of Mr. Andrews,
DM New Bond-street; Mr. Mitchell, Old Bond street; and of Mr.
hams Pall Mall.

DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
THIS EVENING, SEPTEMBER 10,
Will be acted. Colley Grattan's Historical Play of BEN NAZIR,
'rl 1! .Art-A CEN.—Ben Nazir, Mr Butler (as acted by him at all
the principal Theatres it) America); King Charles, Mr. H. Hughes;
Eraerance, Mrs. H. Vining.
After which, an New Petite Serio-Comic Drama, entitled THE
WELCObIr. HOME.— nat Merton by Mr. R Monner.
To be-followed by the Comie Extravaganza of ANGELS ANO
LUClFERS.—Benjamin Brimstone, Mr. G. Wild; Sally Gingham
Miss Terrey.
To 'conclude with the langhable Entertainment called MY MAN
TOM.—Ten Chat; Mr 0. Wild ; Mrs. Kate Moreton, Miss E. Ter-
reyr.who will sing.' Kate Kearney."
Places and Private Soxes may be t ad of Mr. J. Kerschner, at the
Tex-Office, from Eleven till Four daily.

THEATRE-ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE.
• A Great Hit—" Life in Dublin !"
. M. Carter, the Lion King, and his highly trained animals of the De.
sert will ap ear on MoAay next
,'• THIS ININ G, SEPTEMBER-10.
, The Performances wx commence with CLA R.l.—Characters by
Messrs. Howard, Hain s, Oxbarry, Misses Melville, Holmes. and
Isaa a, and Mrs. Gras by.
After which, the Farce of WHERE SHALL I DINE P—Sponge,;
Mr. Plowa d; Diggory, Mr. Oxberry ; Dorotnea Grumpy, Miss
Melville,
To conclude wl'h a Novel Burletta, written by Pierce Egan, Esq.,
Cull Of fun, frolie, and whim, called LIFE IN DUBlAN.—Corin_
• titian Tom, Mr. Wm. Howard; Jerry, Mr. J. T. Haines; Jemmy
Green, Mr. Oxberry ; Logic, Mr. Hollingsworth ; Mrs. Green, Miss
L. llfelvill ; Kate Brilliant, Miss rescott Watde ; Betsey Tasteful
-mi. R. Isaacs; Rose Dasnall. Miss Beresford.
< Boxes, 4s. Pit, Qs.— Gallery, Is. Doors open at Half-past Six ;
commence at Seven; Half-price, a Quarter before Nine
Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Grogan, at the Private Box-officz ;
„ aad of Messrs. Andrews, Mitchell, Sama, and Baily, at theit Libraries.

• ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.
,First performirce of a new Fantasia, " Em Strauss von Handel !"
The Girandola wilt commence this week at Half-past Eight.
GRAND EVENING FETES, MONDAY, TUESDAY, and
THURSDAY, with the fo:lowiug matchless combination of uniq e
attractions:—=
The celebrated MENAGERIE, recently enriched by several Zoo.
logical rarities.
The stupendous TYPO R A MIC MODEL A L.FRESC 0 of ROME
from the left bank of the Tiber.
,„. The PROMENADES M itSICALO3 by the unrivalled Bind of
"Wind "Instruments, conducted by Mr. Godfrey including Seethe,
ven's Sinfonia in C minor, the Grand Due Dove Vai " from
Guillaume Tell " performed • y Handley and Prospere, a new se-
lectio.i of favourite morceaux from the works of Handel. and a va-
riety of'popular pieces.
Atter thq..Concert the Illumination of St. Peter's, and the Giran-
dola of Sahrit.Angelo, with Southby's magnificent Pyrotechnic Spec-
Extyliordinary Aquatic Fireworks n the Lake, and Superb
Cascade of
Admission to the whole of the Entertainments, One Shilling.
Open at Ten ih the Morning.—Feeding at Five.—Concertat Half-
past Five.—Firewoiks at Half.plst Eight,

ROYAL SURItEY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.
THE LAST FLOWER SHOW OF THE SEASON,
NEXT TUESDAY, SEPT 13.
The COM NIITTEE of the ROYAL SOUTH LONDON FLORI-
CULTURAL SOCIETY have the honour to announce that the
GRAND AUTUMNAL DAHLIA SHOW, and Miscellaneous Ex-
hibition of FLOWERS, FRUIT, and VEGETABLES, will take
place on TUESDAY, SEPT. 13.
SEVENTY-THREE GOLD and SILVER MEDALS_

will be awarded as Prizes. Two Gold and Twenty-one Silver Medals
for Dahlias, stands of 12, 24, and 50 dissimilar blooms ; and Fifty
other Prizes for Miscellaneous Plants, Asters, Hearts'-ease, Rose.,
Cut Flowers, British.grown Fruit, Pines, Grapes, Vegetables, Or-
chides, Specimen Plants, Seedlings, &c.
Subjects for Exhibition must be in the Gardens before Ten o'clock,
or they will positively be excluded, the great number of entries ren-
derirg it necessary peremptorily to enforce this rule.
Prize Lists and Regulations for Exhibitors may be had at the Gar-
dens. or of the Honorary Secretary, It. H. Cunning. Esq.

HUM WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY.
M Ailing.... 13 minutes after 51 Evening 35 minutes after 5.

men. They may learn that, but it is impossible
to see railroads, self-acting mules, and power-
looms without being convinced that the arts by
which men can be fed and clothed, are for ever
taking new forms—are for ever, as it were, in pro-
gress of development or creation, and can never
be known beforehand by the law. Yet while it can
neither feed nor clothe the people, while it knows
nothing whatever of the means they have in
store for clothing and feeding themselves, it pro-
hibits the exercise of their industry, the develop-
ment of their arts, and dooms them, as we now
see, to poverty and discontent—to disease, fa-
mine, and death.

• The extreme folly of its proceeding is made
evident by the arguments which are put forth' to
justify it. It is said that the people ought to
feed themselves by means of the soil to which
the law confines them. Agriculture is infinitely
preferable to manufactureE, as a means of feeding
and clothing the people, and therefore they must
cultivate the ground. Now it is one fact that
population is increasing rapidly; it is another
fact that agriculture, in the progress of society,
demands fewer and fewer hands. As knowledge
and skill supply the place of strength, a conti-
nually decreasing proportion of the society is
required to cultivate the ground. This process
has been for centuries uninterrupted. Agri-
culture, therefore, however far it may be pushed,
and the more skilfully and scientifically it is car-
ried out, the fewer hands it requires, can give .no
employment, and no food—for those who grow
it will only exchange it for something else—to
an increasing population, and consequently no
means by which that population can feed and
clothe itself. It is hence not merely foolish, it
ispalpably absurd, to attempt to limit an increas-
ing population to agriculture as the means of
getting food and clothing.

The reverse is the case with manufactures,
In them new arts are continually called into
existence, which require an ever-increasing po-
pulation. Steam-engines, gas, cotton-spinning,
and weaving, railways, locomotive machines, and
all the countless arts and contrivances which
belong to what is called the manufacturing
system, now feed and clothe more than half the
population of England, that half being greater
than the whole population which a century ago
found food and clothing from agriculture and
manufactures together. Agriculture now em-
ploys fewer people than formerly. On the one
hand, therefore, agriculture, in its progress, re-
quires fewer and fewer people, while manufac-
tures, on the other, demand an ever-in-
creasing number, and will enable them to
provide an abundance of food and clothing Re
themselves. Now, the law which cannot feed
and clothe the people, with folly unspeakable,
with recklessness unparalleled—while it pretends
to watch over the people, by impeding and pro-
hibiting the extension of manufactures, actually
and cruelly prohibits the increasing people from
feeding and clothing themselves. If our view
be correct—strange as the deduction may ap-
pear, and recently as the law has been restored,
as is said, to its supremacy—it follows that the
law must, in one sense, be deposed before the
increasing people can feed and clothe themselves,
and before that great and ever-growing abun-
dance which all desire—the result of individual
exertion—can revisit the land. So we answer
the now all-important question—What is to be
done for the people ? How are they to be fed
and clothed?

If the Times means by asserting that general
rules are not to be the masters but the servants
of man, that there are no general rules so sacred
that man may not inquire into them, and show,
if he can, their inutility, or their incorrectness.
we do not differ from the Times. We think
nothing which concerns human conduct is too
abstruse for human investigation. If our Con-
temporary be disposed to justify certain states-
men or landowners, by demonstrating that the
two general rules, "Thou shalt not steal," " Thou
shalt not kill," are not applicable to the affairs of
England, we do not object to his making the at-
tempt. What we object to is the implied admis-
sion that it general rule is correct, that the
records of experience embodied in it are properly
stated, and that yet men, in obedience to a mo-
mentary apprehension, or in order to gratify an
unworthy caprice, may wilfully set it aside.
The reasoning of the Times strikes, we affirm, at
the root of all morality, and, therefore, we dis-
sent from it, and hold it up to public notice,
and, we hope, to public censure.
Our Contemporary applies his doctrine to one
general rule, that the Legislature ought not to
interfere between employers and the persons they
employ. If that rule be not correct as to the
cotton-spinners and coal-owners, it cannot be cor-
rect in other employments; and if the Legisla-
ture, or the Magistrates, may interfere
with them to ensure the workmen ample
wages,it may, according to PALEY'S doctrine, in
the same manner and from the same motives
interfere with all other trades. Let us apply the
doctrine to the Times itself. At present, that
journal has a numerous body of editors, reporters,
correspondents, compositors, engine-men, agents,
clerks, &c., &c., all of whom have been nourished
and supported, " called into being" as reporters,
editors, &c., by the success of the Times. Suppose
that journal to dwindle down to the level of the
late Courier, and drag on a scarcely lingering
existence, instead of having every day three
pages of advertisements, and 10,000 or 20,000
subscribers--according to the rule laid down by
the . Times, that journal must continue to
support all the persons it at present employs at
the same rate of wages. If it turn them off or
lower their salaries, as the master manufac
turers have turned off their hands because they
make no profit by employing them, they may,
appeal against it to a benevolent and well-
meaning public, and find enlightened journalists
to rail against it, and require the Legislature to
compel the Times to support the army of report-
ers, editors, and correspondents it has called into
being. We congratulate those gentlemen on
having, according to the doctrine of the Times,
a life-long lien on that journal, or on Mr.
WALTER'S estate, liwho, whether he want them
or not, must, on the doctrine of the Times, con-
tinue to pay and employ them.
For our parts we maintain the general rule; we
affirm that our Legislature wholly composed of the
master class, and mainly elected by it, cannot
with any show of justice, be called on to interfere
with, or regulate wages. The CHARTER, at least,
must become the law of the land, before it can
have the semblance of justice to place the con-
trol of wages in the hands of the Legislature.
What do the young ensigns, ship captains, top-
ping lawyers, and dandy noblemen who com-
pose it, know about wages, or the natural laws
which regulate wages? How can it be expected
that they should calmly and patiently consider
all the claims of workmen, and all the variations
which are continually taking place in their skill
and occupations ? In Manchester the same rate
of wages, as a man works with good or bad ma-
chinery, amply rewards him, or dooms him to
starvation. An improvement in a loom enables
one man to do the work of half a dozen ; by what
rule can the Parliament apportion his reward ?
Not only must the CHARTER be made the law
before it can be just to place the regulation of
wages in the hands of the Legislature, but that
body must he organized in a totally different
manner
before it could pretend to regulate the
rate of wages with accuracy or fairness.
It has occasionally tried its hand at this, and
•
what has been the result? We will quote
apiinciples of Political passage here from Mr. MALTHUS'S work,
Economy:—
"Thestatuteoflabour -
the King, for the most
unjust and impolitic
venting the price of was enacted in 1350,
purpose of pre-
-1350, the 25th of
labour front rising after the great
pestilence." In the subsequent period of Edward lll's.
reign, the labourer appearsab to have been much worse
off. The statute of I
said, enforced very
years out of twencitLtsi:riin
rigidly, notwithstanding a consider-
,rers was. renewed, and, it is
rn
consider-
able rise in the price of
, asnda
n an average of the thir-
teen
bwhich the prices of
wheat are noticed, the
4ordt I lihs. 9d., which
is about Is. 51-d. the bushel
this price, if the wages of labour had 2.peck.e
At
dition of the labourers would very
not risen, the con-
dition miserable. He
would not be able to purchase as ranch as half a peck of
wheat by a day's labour."

But we have just seen that a law was passed
to prevent wages rising when corn rose, and

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