The Sun.
London, England, 1842-09-07 00:00:00

With copious Index and Profitable Hints,

APLAIN and. PRACTICAL GUIDE to the
INCOME-TAX, 5 and 6 Vict., cap. 35.
By A COMMISSIONER.
Price Is. (post-free, by authority.).
Enables every person to fill up their own Papers, avoids all
penalties, fines, and liabilities, and is expressly adapted to the
use of every trade, profession, employment, and vocation, be•
sides containing valuable information and copious instructions
all points; the whole freed from the obscurity of legal lan.
guage, and put into plain English.
London : published and cold by E. Smith, at the Central
Office, No. 6, Wellington-street, Strand ; and W. Strange.
21, Paternoster-row. Price is. (post-free, by authority).

HAMBURGEg, 12TE AUGUST, 1842.
IS VIAJ ES the EMPEROR of
AUSTRIA;

HIS MAJESTY the EMPEROR of RUSSIA,
AND HIS MAJESTY THE KING OF PRUSSIA,
Raving AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED several WIS•
T I-I I BUTIONS •nt 'MONEY DIVIDENDS, by which.
though they are NO LOTTERIES, LARGE FORTUNES
may be obtained, dEINE tittOTHERS, at HAMBURGH,
are Selling
GENUINE and WARRANTED SELECTED BONDS

for the said DISTKIBIJ I'IONS.

Persons desirous to purchase naav receive, PREVIOUS
to giving any order, the PROS •'ECTUS with full PARTI•
MARS, upon addressine-, WITHOUT DELAY, a line to
HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGIL •

PURATRE ROYAL, COVENT-GARDEN.
The Public is respectfully informed that this Theatre will
OPEN FOR THF•. SEASON

ON SATURDAY Nh..XT, SEPTEMBER 10, when -
Will be performed Bellini's Opera •If NORMA.—Pollio, Mr. W.
Harrison Oroveso, Mr. Giubilci; Flavius, Mr. Binge; Nnrtna, MINS
Adelaide Kemble; Adalgisa, Miss It.inforth; Clotilda, Miss Lane.
Att,2r which win be produced a New Comedy, in Two Aets writ.
en by Douglas Jerrold, Eq., entitled OELICRUDE'S CHERRIES,
OR WATERLOO IN 1835 - Willoughby, Mr. Bartley; Vincent,
Mr. W. Lacy; Guibert, Mr. addear; Jack Halcyon, Mr. Har ey ;
Crossbone, Mr. Meadows; Angelica, Miss Cooper; Mrs. Crossbone,
Mrs. Humby ; Gertrude. Mrs. W. Lacy.

Doors ope Vat half-past ants the Parformances begin at Seven.
Dress Boxes is., Second Price 3s. rd , First and Second Circles 50..
Second Price 2s. 6d. ; Pic 35., Second Price :Is. • Gallery Is. Tickets.
and Places for the Boxes to be taken of Mr. *hither, at the Boa—
t):Hee, from Ten till Four, where Season Tickets may be had.
Prirote Boxes to be had at he Box-0:H e; of Mr. Andrews,
107. New Bond-street; Mr. Mitchell, Old Bond street; and of Mr..
Sams Pall Mall.

DAVIDGE'S ROYAL SURREY THEATRE.
THIS EVENING, SEPTEMBER 7,
Will be acted. Colley Grattan's Historical Play of BEN NAZIR,
THE AR 10EN.—Be i Nazir, Mr Butler (as acted by him at all
the principal Theatres I, America); King Charles, Mr. H. Hughes;
k:tni.rance, Mrs. H. Vining.
After which, an New Petite Serio-Comic Drama, entitled THE
WELCi4I): HOME.— Lt Merton by Mr. R Honner.
To eopcbide with, the Comie Extravaganza of tNGELS AND
•LUCIFERS.—/Knjamin Brimstone, M'. 0. Wild; Sally Gingham
Alps .legtey.
l'o conclude with the lanhable Entertainment called MY DIAN
TOM.—Tom Chaff, Mr 0. vt ild ; Mrs. Kate Moreton, Miss E.:Ter.
rey, who will sing •‘ Kate Kearney."
Places and Private Soles may be ad. of Mr. J. Kerschner, at the
ex Unice, from Eleven till Four daily.

THEATRE-ROYAL, ENGLISH OPERA-HOUSE.
... FIRST NIGHT OF THE NEW SEASON.

- -
Two Now Pieces I! M. Carter, the Lion King, anti his highly trained
animals of the Dwelt I !
THIS EVENIN G, SEPTE 11 BEE I.
- _

Will be per *Tined the Burletta of MY FELLOW CLERK....
Tactic, Mr. W. Howard; Victim, Mr. Oxberry; Fanny (with Songs).
Miss Holmes",
After which, M CARTER, the Lien King, will appear in a new
Oriental Dram; written ex;Te.sly for him by J. 'l. H-fines,
, EEse..
called I'HE LION KING; CBI R, THE BRUTE TAnft HE
DI.: ERT.—Omer, thu Lion Tamer, M Carter.
. . _ _ _

To conclude wi fi a Novel Burletta, wri ten by Plow Egan. Esq.,
full of fun, frolic, and whim, called 1,, FE IN DUBLlN.—Cerin-
thian Tom, Mr. Wm. Howard; Jerry, Mr. J. T. Haines; Jemmy
Green, Ir. ()sherry; Logic, Mr Honing worth; Mrs. Green, Miss
I. Nlelvill ; Kate Srilli :nt, Miss rescott Wade; Betsey Tasteful
Miss R. Isaacs; Rose Das all. Miss Beresford.
Boxes, 4s. Pit, Gallery, Is. Doors even at Half-past KZ
commence at Seven; Half-price, a Quarter before Nine
Private Boxes to be had of Mr. Grogan, at the Private Box-office;
And of Messrs. Andrews, Mitchell, Sams, and Baily, at their Libraries.

ROYAL SURREY ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS.
First perfornutre.7 of a row Fantasia, " Em Straus, von Handel I"
The G;raudola will commence this week at Half-past Eight.
(IRANI) EVENIN% FETES, MONDAY, TUESDAY, and
THURSDAY, with the folowiug matchless combination of uniq e
attractions:—

-Til;ceTe)rated. MENAGERIE, recently enriched by several Zoo-
toci c rar
i s.
stupendouste TYPO RAM IC MODEL AL-FRESCO of ROME

from the Ireft bank of the Tiber.
The PROMENADES tl :SICALES by the unrivalled Bind Of
Wind Instruments, conducted by Mr. Godfrey including Beeth3o-
- Sinfonia in C minor, the Grand Duo " Day, Val" from
" t,uillaume Tell " p rformed y Hadley and Prospere, a new se-
icctio of favourite moiceaux from the wotka of Handel. and a Va."
rietyof popular pieces
::

Alter ih . Concert the Illumination of St. Peter's, and the °lran-
dole of Saint Angelo, with Southby's magnificent Pyrotechnic Spit"
tacle4, Extr ordinary Aquatic k ireworks n the Lake, and Superb.
Ca,ead of Fire.

Admission to the whole of the Entertainments, One Shillii
Open at Ten in the NI orning.—Feeding at Five.—Concert atnHalf-
past Five.—Fireworks at Halt-p•st Eight,

HIGH WATER AT LONDON BRIDGE THIS DAY.
Slorning... 13 minutes after 3 Evening ... 30 minutes after 3i.

Az an,

LONDON:
WEDNESDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 7, 1842•

The distress of the industrious classes is be-
ginning to exercise the ingenuity of the leisure
classes; and prizes are offered for the best ex-
planation of its cause. A correct notion of what
is meant by public distress, and a clear descrip.
tion of what is to be inquired into will much
help the investigation.

It is necessary to bear in mind that pOVerty is
the general lot of the bulk of the community
Inquirers into the rates of wages at different
periods, have shown that throughout the long
period which written history records of England
the wages of the working classes, when Mil'
employed, have been barely sufficient to enable. •
them to subsist and rear a family. So corn'
pletely was this the case, that the careful 11,Ire
RICARDo, deducing his definition from actual-
fact, said that " the natural price of labour i 5;
that price which is necessary to enable the
labourers, one with another, to subsist and per.
petuate their race, without either increase Or
diminution." By natural price Mr. RICARDO aid
not mean the •natural rewards of labour, but the
sum which other men than the labourers must
pay to have their services,.and that he believed,
from the facts of our history, was just sufficient
to enable them to subsiSt and perpetuate their '
race; and no more. Now when such is the
condition of the bulk of the communitly,
a large number must always be on the verge
of distress, or deeply immersed in it. 1 •
truth a prosperity in which all classes feel at
their ease must be the exception, not the rule,
for. society.

A very little reflection and experience matt
convince every person that such is the case.
We scarcely remember a year in which com-
plaints of disease and distress have not been;
rife amongst us. No longer ago than 1830
there were great riots from distress in the
south of England, and the NeW . Poor-law
was passed, because the poor-rates were eat-
ing up the estates of the landowners. Before
then, not less than one-ninth of the people were
actual paupers. But at that period' the distress
.„
was more prominent in the agricultural than in
the manufacturing districts, and the poor-rates;?
were much higher in the former than in the
ter. At that period, too, and down to 18361
the distressed people were drahed in con-
siderable numbers, or rather emigrated; from
the agricultural to the manufacturing dis-
tricts, and there found employment, wages,
and subsistence. Since 1838, the manufactav
ing districts have no longer been ab'e to
employ the spare hands of the agricultural
tricts; there has not been full employment for
those persons already there, and the want of
employment for persons there, as contrasted
with the quantity of employment in 1832-1835,,
and the. consequent decline in wages below tb'e
level of subsistence is the distress to be inquirf2cl
into. It is of equal importance to ascertain the
cause of the prosperity between 1832 and. 1838,
which is the exception to the general rule of
Kevalent distress.

Now it needs no proof that the harvests were
abundant from 1832 to 1837, and were
scanty from that period to the present. No
other cause,' either 'of the prosperity of the
ibrmer or the distress of the latter period, is one
tithe so important as the variations in the
harvest. But that cause of prosperity and ad-
versity has existed from all tiine, and why our
extensive commerce, of which the object is, tos
equalise the effects of seasons, failed to distribute
them more equally over the two periods, is tyre
astounding and important question. It is,
however, easily answered. The law forbad.
the equalisation. The law made it im-
possible for the merchant to export it
bounteous years, and impeded importation
in sterile years. The law did not cause
varying harvests, but it prevented commerce
from neutralizing their effects, and was therefore
the secondary cause of the heated and forced

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