The Sun.
London, England, 1842-12-03 00:00:00

FIRE AT KINGSWOOD.

(Abridged from the Bristol Gazette of Thursday.)
'We have this week to record one of the most exten-
sive and destructive conflagrations that has happened
in this neighbourhood for many years. Shortly after
seven o'clock, intelligence reached Bristol that the
very extensive premises of Messrs. H. H. and S.
Budgett, wholesale grocers and general merchants, at
Kingswood-hill, were on fire, and several engines im-
mediately started for the scene. The fire reached so
great a height as to render vain any hopes of saving
the warehouses, and the exertions of the firemen were
directed to preserving the dwelling-house attached to
the buildings, as well as the stabling and the house of
Mr. S. Budgett, which is situated a short distance in
the rear. This they succeeded in accomplishing, by
cutting off the communication. The house next to
the shop and warehouses was in extreme jeopardy,
having caught fire at various points several times, and
but for the change of the wind, could not have been
saved. The whole of the warehouses, counting-houses,
and shop present a mass of ruins. Of these immense
buildings, which covered an area of nearly an acre in
extent, nothing now remains but tottering walls and
'blackened timbers amidst which lie scattered in indistin-
guishable heaps the remains of the valuable stock which
they- enclosed. In one spot may be observed vast
quantities of coffee, in the berry, completely roasted ;
in another, chests upon chests of tea, burnt by the fire
and damaged by water ; in a third, sacks of flour
trampled into one dirty mass; whilst all about are
running streams of melted sugar. The new tea
room, which had been just finished, as well as the
library lately fitted up for the use of the young men
employed in the establishment, are both destroyed.
The small chapel attached to the premises remains
entire. It is impossible, at present, to give anything
like a correct estimate of the amount of property de-
stroyed, but we are glad to learn that it is expected
the insurance will cover the injury done, both to the
buildings and stock. • It is a fortunate circumstance
that two cargoes of new fruit, just imported, which
in another day or two would have been taken to
Kingswood, had not been removed from Messrs.
Budgett's warehouses in Nelson-street, or the loss
would, of course, been much greater. The books
and papers were also saved.
At the time of the discovery of the fire there were
nearly forty valuable horses in the stables, all of which
were got out safe. It is also satisfactory to be able
to state that no lives were lost or any serious injury
inflicted.
It is not known how the fire originated. It was
first discovered about a quarter to seven, in the titler
room, and it is supposed must have resulted from ,a
stove which is placed in a small room adjoining, and
from which pipes are conveyed into the sugar room,
for the purpose of keeping the stock dry.
The fire was at its greatest height about ten o'clock,
and the conflagration was distinctly visible for miles
round. About three o'clock it was so far subdued as
to allay apprehension of spreading further, but the
embers are still smouldering.
A detachtnent of the County police. under Super-
intendent Hilcoat, rendered great service in keeping
the way clear for the engines, and in protecting the
property during its removal to the Church, where it
was placed for safety. All the hands in the estab-
lishment (of which there are about 200 constantly
employed, the greater number of whom reside on the
premises) rendered every assistance, and the neigh-
bours and friends of, the Messrs. Budgett exerted
themselves to the utmost. The Rev. Mr. Gaskin, the
respected minister of the, parish, was particularly
active. -

THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND.
FIRST SERIES OF RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY THE CONVO-
CATION OF MINISTERS ON SATURDAY, THE 19TH
OF NOVEMBER, 1842, AND CONCURRED IN BY 427
MINISTERS.

1. That according to the recent, and, as it appears
to this Convocation, unconstitutional decisions of the
supreme civil courts, and the interpretation which
those decisions, if allowed or sanctioned by the su-
preme power in the State, would put upon the civil
law—the obligation to receive and admit a qualified
presentee, imposed by the law of patronage on the
presbyteries of the Church, is a civil obligation, such
as may be enforced by the ordinary compulsations of
civil law ; and in particular, that the rejection of a
presentee in respect of the dissent of the congregation,
according to the fundamental principle and law of the
Church is not merely an act to which the civil courts,
may refuse to give civil effect, but is in itself a civil
wrong or offence, which may be dealt with accord-
ingly by the civil courts.
2. That other decisions of the ciVil courts, and in
particular the decision of the Lord Ordinary in the
case of the deposition of the Strathbogie ministers,
imply an assumption of a jurisdiction in the most
sacred functions of the
.worship and government of
the Church, especially in the matter of the deposition
of ministers, to the effect of reducing the sentences of
spiritual courts in the exercise of discipline over mi-
lusters and members of the Church.

3. That these claims to jurisdiction in spiritual
matters, on the part of the civil courts, are based
chiefly, if not altogether, upon the Act of Queen
Anne •restoring patronage—an Act from the first
unjustifiable, and recently interpreted in a sense to
which the Church cannot conscientiously submit, and
to which she cannot consent to accommodate her
ecclesiastical procedure.
4. That as the principle involved in these decisions,
and particularly in the recent Auchterarder judg-
ment, is that of the supremacy of the civil courts over
those of the Established Church in the exercise of
their spiritual functions ; so the members of the'Con-
vocation declare that no measure can in cons-define be
submitted to by them which does not effectually' pro-
tect the Church against the exercise of such jurisdic-
tion by the civil courts in time to come, and in par-
ticular fully prevent all future encroachments of the
nature specified in the preceding resolntions.
5. That in all their past contendings the members
of this Convocation have been actuated, and they trust
that in all their future proceedings they will continue
to be actuated, by a deep conviction of the value and
excellence of the civil and ecclesiastical constitution
under which they live; and that one or the chief
causes of their present anxiety arises out of their im-
pression that the tendency and inevitable result of the
recent decision of the civil courts, especially if these
shall be finally sanctioned as the law of the land, must
be as entirely subversive of the Constitution as they
are repugnant to the principles of this Church and the
consciences of her office-bearers. 1

SECOND SERIES OF RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY THE CON-
VOCATION •F MINISTERS, ON TUESDAY, THE 22D OF
NOVEMBER, 1842, AND CONCURRED IN BY 354 MI-

NISTERS.

1. That while the Church most solemnly protests
against the :invasion of her jurisdiction by the civil
courts, as contrary to the word of God, the Confession
of Faith, and the Constitution of this kingdom; and
while, in this particular, she is entitled, in the judg-
ment of the brethren now assembled, to declare,
as the General Assembly in the claim of rights
has declared, that the assumption by the civil
courts of authority in matters spiritual, and espe-
cially in the ordination, admission, or deposition
of ministers, and the other proceedings there set
forth, is in violation of the law establishing the
Church, which was made unalterable by the Act of
Security and the Treaty of Union ; and that whatever
is done in the exercise .of that assumed authority
ought therefore to be held as in right or de jure, it is
null and void and of no effect ; still, whatever the
nation in these circumstances might do, it is not the
duty of the Church, as a kingdom not of this world,
which has not and cannot have any power of the
sword, or any secular dominion whatever, to plead
her title thus acquired and secured to the temporal
benefits of her establishment, in opposition or resist-
ance to the supreme power of the State, except in the
way of remonstrance, protest, and serious warning.
2. That as, on the other hand, it is the bounden
duty of the Church and of her faithful Ministers, to
represent to the supreme power of the State the nature
of the invasions of the civil courts upon
,the spiritual
provinces so, on the other hand, the refusal on the
part of the State of such a remedy as has 'been de-
clared indispensable to meet the emergency, cannot be
otherwise construed than as being a recognition and
sanction by the State of the principle which the deci.
sions of the civil courts involve.

3. That the brethren now assembled fully recognise
the intrinsic authority and final jurisdiction of the
civil magistrate or the supreme power of the State in
the exercise of all civil functions, and in the discharge
of all the duty which he owes towards the Church of
Christ ; and in particular they acknowledge the right
of the civil magistrate to fix the terms on which he
will establish the Church, as a right which he is to
use on his own responsibility, and in the use of which
the Church is not entitled to resist him ; and hence,
accordingly, as the Church being essentially
independent of the civil magistrate in her
spiritual province, is not bouild, and is not
at liberty to conform her procedure in the
government of Christ's-house to the orders of the State,
or of any courts of the State, against her convictions
of duty founded on the word of God, so neither is she
warranted in prescribing to the civil magistrate, or
requiring him to act according to her views, whether
in the administration of civil affairs generally, or in
what he does towards religion or about things sacred,
as in his giving to the Church, or withholding from
her, the civil countenance and support ; nor may the
Church resist his determination in these matters,
since, in both departments of his duty, the civil ma-
gistrate is always bound to act according to his own
conscience, under the rule of the word of God, and on
his responsibility to God.
4. That it is the duty of the faithful ministers of
this Church not to continue to receive the endow-
ments or emoluments secured to them by the civil
law, or to involve themselves in the manifold incon-
veniences and serious evils of a protracted struggle
with the civil power, after it shall appear that the
supreme power of the State, by refusing to relieve
them from interference of the civil court in things
spiritual, does thereby substantially and effectually
sanction the condition which the civil courts would
attach to their holding of these endowments or emolu-
ments, and to which they never can submit or yield
obedience, viz., the condition of subjection to civil
control in matters spiritual, and of being bound,
against their consciences, to intrude ministers upon
reclaiming congregations.
5. That it is the duty of the ministers now assem-
bled, and of all who adhere to their views, to make a
solemn representation to her Majesty's Government,
and to both Houses of Parliament, setting forth the im-
minent and extreme peril of the establishment, the
inestimable value of the benefits which it confers on
the country, and the pain and reluctance with which
they are forced to contemplate the possibility of the
Church's separation, for conscience' sake, from the
State respectfully calling upon the rulers of this na-
tion to maintain the Constitution of the kingdom in-
violate, and to uphold a pure establishment of religion
in the land ; and, finally, intimating that as the endow-
ments of the Church are, undoubtedly, at the disposal
of the supreme power of the State, with whom it
rests either to continue to the Church her possession
of them, free from any limitationof her spiritual ju-
risdiction and freedom, or to withdraw them alto-
gether, so it must be the duty* of the Church, and
consequently, in dependence on the grace of God, it
s the-determination of Ike brethren now assembled, if
no- measure such as the have declared to be indispen-
sable be granted, to tender the resignation of those civil
advantages which they can no longer hold in consistency
with the free and full exercise of their spiritual
functions, and to cast themselves on such pro-
vision as God in His providence may afford, main-
taining still uncompromised the principle of a right
scriptural connection between the Church and the
State, and solemnly entering their protest against
the, udgments of which they complain, as, in their
decided opinion, altogether contrary to what has ever
hitherto been understood to be the law and Constitu- I
tion of this country.
* Twenty-one of the above 354 adherents added the
following explanation to their concurrence :--
" While diagreeing from the doctrine which seems
implied in the resolutions, that the silence of the Legis-
lature constitutes an obligation on our consciences to
regard the terms of compact between Church and State
as altered, we adhere, in so far that the silence of the
Legislature, after a reasonable time will, on the ground.
of Christian expediency, oblige us to leave the Esta-
blishment."

PRIESTLY POWER IN THE UNITED STATES.--.The
last arrivals from the United States mention that in
New York, for the first time, at the late elections, the
cross was openly hoisted at the polls. "We believe
Americans," says the Journal of Commerce," will frown
on this most dangerous innovation, and let it be seen
that American elections are not to be controlled by
ecclesiastics from Rome." We have some doubts as to
the success of the Americans on this point. The
poorest people of the United States have much politi-
cal influence. Great numbers of them are very igno-
rant and very superstitious, and it may happen that
the great influx of Catholics into the United States
may give to the ecclesiastics mentioned a greater
power than will be compatible with the peace of the
country. The Americans, however, are wisely taking
the matter in time, though we are afraid that they
will neglect the safest remedy—that of enlightening
the people.
Wednesday, a Court of Directors was held at the
East India house, when Lestock Robert Reid, Esq.,
was appointed a provisional member of Council at
Bombay.

THE PUBLIC DEBT OF SPAIN.
EXPOSITION BY SENOR CALATRAVA.
TO THE CORTES.

At the conclusion of the last session the under-
signed Minister stated to this respectable assembly that
the Government would not forget the credit of the
State, and I now have the honour to propose to the
Cortes what it considers ought now to be done for the
purpose of upholding that credit as much as we are
able.

As the interest of the consolidated, domestic, and
foreign debt, for the periods terminating with the year
1840, has already been capitalised, it is indispensable
to do the same with respect to the corresponding
periods of 1841 and 1842, and with regard to the in-
terest which will fall due in April and May, 1843 ;
nor ought we to neglect adopting a measure which is
alike just and politic from the consideration of its
being extremely burdensome to the public revenue,
seeing that the Government is confident to be able to
support itself without difficulty during the time that
the payment will commence to take effect. The six
months' interest due prior to the Ist of May next is
comprehended in the new capitalisation, with the
view of avoiding a single coupon remaining isolated
of the Four and Five per Cents. of the domestic debt,
which stock must of necessity be renewed.
There is no occasion to recal to the memory of the
Cortes either the origin of our public debt, or tl:e un-
fortunately too notorious vicissitudes which have
brought the national credit to the low ebb at which it
now is ; but it will be necessary to take a brief view
of the present situation of the debt, as also of the
mortgage made in favour of the creditors of the
State, according to the statements subjoined likewise.
The debt liquidated up to the end of last July
amounts to the sum of 11,915,850,034 10, from which
must be deducted, first, 300,000,000, calculated to be.
due for debts owing to the secular clergy ; aud, se-
cond, 1,120,000,000 assignable to the payments due,
and nearly due, for the national property sold ;up
to last September; so that the former amounts to
10,495 850 034 10. Of this sum there belong to the

eonlolidated debt 5,821,951,063 21 ms., and the re-
mainder to the unconsolidated debt, bearing no inte-
!rest ; so that the annual interest of the former, inclu-

sive of the New Three per Cents, amounts to
30.0,954,982 19—a large figure certainly ; yet not so
much so as to fail of being redeemed in a great mea-
sure by the mortgage assigned for it, or as to make xi%
despair of being able to cover the interest on that,
which is not so by the remaining public revenue,
when it shall no longer be wanted for the special lia-
bilities and obligations to which at present it is al-
lotted. We may also look forward to much benefit
from the reform of our deranged economical system,
if carried out with energetic perseverance, and if all
well affected persons unite in making the glory and
happiness of the country their object ; for, however
slow and tardy the results may be, the nation un-
doubtedly possesses within itself abundant elements for
rising superior to all its difficulties and dangers, under
a well regulated administration.

It appears from the schedUle of the auxiliary sec-
tion of the general administration of national pro-
perty, charged with inquiring into the incomes of the
two classes of clergy, that the Treasury up to the 31st
of August last registered a capital value, arising from
the suppressed religious communities, amounting to
1,886,677,497 reels vellon, 31 maravedies, deducting
wherefrom 836,851,434 25 (which have produced for
the purpose of funding 2,054,695,682 17k) in conse-
quence of the sales up to the end of last September,
there is left a balance of 1,049,826,063 6ms., for the
property. solely of the regular clergy • and, adding
now to this sum that of 1,500,000,000, being the cal-
culated value of the property of the secular clergy,
we shall obtain a total of 2,549,826,063 reels vellon
6ms., with which we are warranted in supposing that
an equal amount and an additional moiety, at least, of
the debt will be liquidated, if we calculate according
to the proceeds of the property hitherto disposed of.
If to these resources, which will be greatly in-
creased the moment that the data obtained hitherto,
and as yet incomplete, shall be filled up and amended,
be added the very ample ones, of which we still might
avail ourselves, arising from woods and uncultivated
lands, it will be seen that the mortgage of the debt is
very inconsiderable, and that what we stand in need
of is to secure the public order in such a manner as to
remove all apprehensions of fresh commotions and re-
vulsions, in order that the great capitals now wanting
lucrative investment in foreign nations may look for
it in our country, where there is so much to do and so
much to be turned to account, and that by means of
the speculations that would be entered upon encou-
ragement may be afforded to agriculture, trade, and
commerce, while, at the same time, a call and value
for labour must of necessity follow.
The Government would not carry out so great a
work without a frank and decided co-operation of the
representatives of the nation, who will assuredly not
fail yielding it at all times, and on all occasions.
It is impossible to engage in favour of the creditors
of the State in the ensuing year for more than the
payment of interest; on the already realised capitalisa-
tion ; but if the Cortes, as is to be hoped of their en-
lightened patriotism, would please to decree the funds
necessary for coVerink during next Tear, all the pro-
posed engagements; then there will certainly be no
difficulty in paying elf likewise in 1844 the amount
of the capitalisation proposed by the Government to
be made; also of the half-yearly instalments due in
1841 and 1842 ; as well as of that becoming due in
April and May, 1843 ; seeing that the interest on the
new debt will begin to run from the Ist of July next,
in order to pay the first half-yearly instalments on the
Ist of January, 1844.
These will amount nearly to 22,000,000 of reels,
and as, provided the means above indicated be granted,
there will only remain assigned for the said year the
revenues of salt and of stamped paper,- the deficit of
70,000,000 which this will produce in the estimate,
added to the above 22,000,000, will fully be covered
by the increased income proceeding, first, from the
55,000,000 proposed in the project of the reform of
the contributions to come into operation in 1844;
secondly, fromthe augmented proceeds which may be
expected from the custom-houses over the 90,000,000
at which they are now calculated, when the tariffs
shall have been corrected and modified; thirdly, from
the improvements which, on the one hand, will be ob-
tained in all the other branches of the revenue, and
from the economy which, on the other, it will doubt-
less be possible to introduce into the estimate of expen-
diture, provided the Government always calculate
carefully the means indispensable for answering with-
out restraint all its obligations.

..

The differences which will be occasioned by these
last supposed alterations may.well be presumed, toge-
ther with the 55,000,000 before mentioned, to supply
the 92,000,000 assumed as the augmentation of the
expend itithfuereG we oofpvaelsrBsn4mf4r
on
Government
t
thisisoieoarpintioonthatthaotf
alnB4B3B7(efoer.
whAicnhd
ment should be come to with the holders of the bonds
of the Consolidated Five and Four per Cents., to in-
duce them to convert them into the New Three 7 per
Cents., considering the many difficulties with which
the nation would for a length of time have to struggle
in order to clear off entirely the interct on the said
debt), it will not be hazardous to say, supposing al-
ways that the Government obtains the resources r!-
quired for complying with the extraordinary liabili-
ties assumed in the preceding, that it will also he easy
to cover all those of that year, increased by the pay-
ment of the interest on the whole debt under the
above-mentioned supposition.
The Four and Five per Cents., supposing this re-
duction to Three per Cents. to be effected, will
amount nearly to 160,000,000, or to three-fifths of
the 267,000,000, to which they amount at present;
and, deducting 30,000,000 for those of the same paper
which may be liquidated by the sale of landed pro-
perty in the two intermediate years, there remains
130,000,000, which, with the 92,000,000 above alluded
to for the deficit left by the contracts for the revenue
for salt and stamped paper and the increase of capitali-
sation, would make a total of 222,000,000 to be paid
in the said year 1845, on the current and ordinary
estimate.

r.:, k~

Let us now consider what increased income the
Treasury may have in that year for covering this aug-
mentation of expenditure. Mention has already been
made above of the increase derivable from the reform
in contributions to be effected in 1844, in consequence
of the increased rates at the Custom-houses, on the
ground of the amended and modified tariff, from the
improvement to be looked for in all other branches of
the revenue, and from the economy of which at that
time the estimate will be susceptible. For, calculating
even that the income only on these different accounts
should be inemased by 100,000,000 of reals, if we add
thereto the net products arising from the islands of
Cuba and Porto Rico, which will be disengaged some
time in 1844, and which may be estimated at
80,000,000, we shall find that, in order to cover the
220,000,000, there would only have to be provided for
a deficit of 42,000,000, being a sum the furnishing of
which it would be a disgrace to think could prove very
embarrassing to the Government, supposing always
the administration to be well regulated and our czedit
to be improved as much as possible.
After this succinct and true sketch of the state of
our debt, of its hypothecation, and of what the credi-
tors
n ay utrheoarised by
really look to
his
hereafter,
highnessthe
the
Regu
undersigned
Regent of
fth
Mi-
nister,
kingdom, has the honour to present to the Cortes, with
the concurrence of the Council of Ministers, the fol-
lowing Project of Law.*
RAMON MARIA CALATRAVA.
Madrid, Nov. 16.
* These have been already described in The Sun.

We have much pleasure in stating that during the
past few days a great quantity of orders have been re-
ceived in this town ; and we trust there is now a pro-
spect in Birmingham, as well as other places, of 14,
steady revival.--Birmingham Advertiser.
Another portion of the Berlin-Stettin railroad was
opened on the Nth ult., namely from Neustadi to
Angermunde.

SPIRIT of the PUBLIC JOURNALS.

';FROM THE EVENING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.
GLOBE.—One of the most obvious benefits which
the tuition has a right to expect and demand from the
Government, as the consequence of restored peace, is
relief from the burdens which were imposed in order
to meet the increased expenses occasioned by war—
espeeially if the treaty of peace secure the payment to
this ::country of a sum which, with the amount re-
ceived from the extraordinary impost, not only meets
the additional expenses incurred by the war, but also
the deficiency in the Exchequer arising from every
other cause of defalcation. This, then, is the
case we undertake to establish. If we suc-
ceed, all pretence for continuing the Income-tax
beyond the current year is removed. That most
iniquitous and obnoxious tax—the oppression and
annoyances of which have been denounced alike
strongly by the Tory and Whig journals—will have
received its death-blow. The 10th of October next
will be the close of its infamous career. We take,
then, for the purposes of our argument, Sir Robert
Peel's estimate of the deficiency for which, on the
11th of March last, when proposing the Income-tax,
he was called on to provide. Sir Robert Peel
then took credit for " making a full and fair
statement" of the financial difficulties of .the
country. Let the Right Hon. Baronet, however,
take the benefit of his own " full" exposition. The
deficiency was 7,502,000/. ; the estimated deficiency
for 1843, was 2,570,000/. • the latter sum, of course
will, by the termination of ibe Chinese and Indian wars,
be very considerably reduced. Taking, however, this,
greatly overrated estimate of the expenditure for 1843,
the entire amount to be provided for is 10,720,0001.
a sum which is nearly covered by the five millions to
be paid by the Chinese Government, and the five mil-
lions which will be produced by the first year's
Income-tax. The reduction in the Army and
Navy Estimates will, of course, be considerable.
The impulse given to trade and manufactures by
the opening of the Chinese markets to British
produce, and the consequent ability of the long-
unemployed manufacturing population of this coun-
try to purchase soniethinglike an adequate propor-
tion of the articles of general consumption, on which
the national revenue depends to a considerable
extent for its receipts—these obvious and indis-
putable sources of increase, with the certainty of a
large diminution in the estimates which will be required
for the naval and military services, will relieve the
Exchequer on the one band, and replenish it on the
other. The deficiency is thus met—and the appre-
hension of a recurrence of such a state of things is re-
moved. We have only to advert to the strong assur-
ance given by the Duke of Wellington in the House
of Lords during the debates on the Income-tax Bill
in that assembly, to satisfy the country that nothing
more is necessary than for a strong demonstration of
public opinion to be made against this vexatious and
oppressive tax, to secure its abandonment by the Go-
vernment at the close of its first year's operation :
" We are aware," said his Grace, speaking in the
name of the Government, " of the odious nature of
the powers given to the Commissioners and others ap-
pointed to carry out its provisions, and to whom it
must be entrusted, and we reconcile it only to our-
selves by the strong necessity of the case. My Lords,
nothing but the necessity of the case—nothing but
the certainty that no other course could be taken which
would produce a revenue to enable us to meet the
difficulties of the country, or to take those measures
which may be necessary for its prosperity, could havr
induced us to propose such a measure to Parliament;
and, as I said before, it will not be continued one moment
longer than it is absoutely necessary."
In demanding, on behalf of the country, the aboli-
tion of this tax—the odious character of which is ad-
mitted by its proposers—we ask for nothing more
than the fulfilment of the pledge here given. The
Duke of Wellington in the Lords reiterates the lan-
guage of Sir Robert Peel in the Commons " Neces-
sity"—" strong necessity," impelled the Government
to have recourse to it : that necessity, happily, no
longer exists. We demand, and the country will en-
force, the pledge so clearly and fully given, that " the
tax shall not be continued one moment longer than is
absolutely necessary."

STA.SMARD.:—The murder of Mr. 'Scully has
excited an extraordinary interest in Ireland. The
crime by itself is a shocking one, though, unhappily,
too familiar in the sister island to create the feeling
that this murder has created ; but the position of the
victim was peculiar. Mr. Scully was a Roman Ca-
tholic and a Liberal in politics, the son of a dis-
tinguished member of the Irish bar, Mr. Denys
Scully, who about thirty years ago compiled a trea-
tise on the penal laws, once or twice successfuny
prosecuted as a seditious libel, and which has
served as the brief of the Roman Catholic agitators
ever since. Mr. Scully also had, we believe, the ho-
nour to be nearly connected with Ireland's greatest
poet, Mr. Moore. According to all accounts, the
murdered gentleman was an amiable man, who as-
serted the rights of property and no more, and as-
sifted these moderately, and rather with a view to the
moral improvements of his tenantry than to any pecu-
niary gain ; he sought, it is said, to clear his estate of
" bad characters.," an effort which every landlord owes
to the country, but which, it will be remembered, was
furiously denounced in the cases of Lords Lorton,
Brandon, and other noblemen and gentlemen who
I ave exerted themselves for the improvement of Ireland.
The truth is, that the Roman Catholic clergy and
others have, for political and sectarian purposes,
laboured to establish the doctrine, that in any dispute
between landlord and tenant the landlord must be
always in- the wrong—a doctrine which the ignorant
tenant will not be the last to receive, or the slowest
to act -upon, through those conspiracies which the
priests, for the advancement of another branch of their
political and sectarian scheme have acquired and pro-
moted. The Protestant clergy and gentry were the
lint victims ; but a war of poverty against wealth, or-
ganised and armed in conspiracy, would soon cease to
notice political or religious distmctions.

MONEY MARKET and CITY NZRS

FROM THE MORNING PAPERS OF YESTERDAY.

TIMES.—The following notice was posted at the
Bank of England to-day, and does not differ in any
particular from that last issued:—

- "The Governor and Company of the Bank of Eng-
land are ready, until further notice, to receive appli-
cations for loans, on the deposit of approved bills of
exchange not having more than six months to run,
Exchequer Bills, and East India Bonds, such loans to
be repaid on or before the 1711 of January, 1843,
with interest at the rate of 31 per cent. per annum,
and to be for sums of not less than 2,000/. each.
"Bank of England, December 1, 184`2."
Consols shut to-day prior to the payment of the
half-yearly dividends. To-morrow, therefore, quo-
tations will be marked ex-dividend, and show a differ-
ence of 11 per cent. compared with present curreney.
The English market was active to-day, and the
Bank broker is understood to be a considerable taker
of Reduced and New Three-and-a-Half per Cent.
stock, which gave prices, towards the close of busi-
ness, a much better and firmer position than they
before exhibited. Exchequer bills are now quoted at
the lower premium of 48s. to 50s. The anticipated
reduction of the interest to 2d. on these securities
appears to induce holders to sell at present prices.
The Baltimore papers contain a table of exports of
produce from that section of the States for the three
quarters of the year ending the 30th of September,
1842, from which it appears that the flour shipped for
foreign parts was 172,495 barrels, valued at 962,896
dollars, when up to the same period last year it was
216,628 barrels, or 1,118,958 dollars. This showed
a decline of 44,133 barrels, or 156,062 dollars. The
total export of flour, tobacco, fish, for domestic use,
bacon, &c., was valued at 3,267,452 dollars, and in
1841 at 3,261,055 dollars, giving an increase in favour
of the present year of 6,477. The total export of
produce to foreign parts during the same period, was
worth 85,687 dollars, while last year it was 147,770
dollars, showing a falling off of 62,083 dollars. The
entire total of domestic and foreign exports showed
a decrease of 55,606 dollars as compared with the
three first quarters of 1841.
The Shareholders of the National Floating Break-
water and Refuge Harbour Company held their first
general meeting yesterday. The invention, which is
identified with protection to the shipping and sea-
faring portion of the public, appears to have at-
tracted attention. Several ports round our coast are
already supplied with the apparatus, and the French
Government, it is stated, have taken the project under
their especial patronage, Captain Tayler, the in-
ventor, being now employed to construct a harbour on
an extensive scale at Slarseilles. The accounts of
the Company were presented, and the Directors re-
ceived the thanks of the proprietary for their attention
to their interests.

CHRONICLE.—The advices received by the
Great Western steamer from British North America,
state that the trade of Canada has fallen off very
seriously during the present season. the tonnage
being 117,281 less than up to the same period last
year, and 400 fewer ships. A Special Committee of
the Legislative Assembly of Canada, appointed to
consider the subject of a free trade with Great Bri-
tain in the agricultural productions of British North
America, states that the foist of conveying a barrel
of flour from the Welland Canal to any port in the
U
United Kingdom, by way of the St. Lawrence, is
14s. Gd. ; but that after the completion of their com-
munications, a reduction will be made in the transit
of 2s. 6d. per barrel. As respects the admission into
Canada of American'products from the Western States,
the Report says that the freight of a barrel of flour
from Cleveland,. Ohio, to Lake Ontario is ls. 6d.,
which, with the duty and other charges will, in their
opinion, `‘ be a sufficient protection to the home pro-
ducer against American competition from their quarter
through the St. Lawrence. The Report is very minute
in its calculations, which are most laboriously framed
to .show that grain cannot be exported from
Canada to England at a profit to the grower unless
the home price for flour be equal to 33*, per *rob

and wheat from 60s. to 61s. per quarter. They then •
refer to Lord Stanley's famous dispatch of the 2d of
March last, as a proof that the Imperial Government
never contemplated this state of the relative prices,
and suggest as the only effectual remedy to guard
against the danger to which the trade is exposed, that
their Legislature should allow a drawback at Quebec
or Montreal, whenever the price at these ports shall
exceed 30s. per barrel. They then suggest resolu-
tions, expressing confidence that the public declara-
tion of the enlightened statesman who presides over
the councils of the mother country will be carried
into effect, and that Canada will be treated as an in-
tegral part of the empire; which desirable object,
they observe, can be only attained by removing "all
duties on the products of Canada, particularly on all
descriptions of grain and meal when admitted to the
ports of the mother country, in return for which the
Legislative Assembly is recommended to remove all
duties on the manufactures of the mother country,
when admitted into the ports of Canada from sea,
which they expect the finances of the province will
render safe and practicable within a few years after
their great leading communications to the ocean
are opened.
A circular addressed by a house established at St.
Louis, to the farmers, millers, and merchants of
Illinois, Missouri, and Wisconsin, estimates the
wheat crop of the United States for 1842 at
110,269,000 bushels, and the estimate of consump-
tion in the United States at four bushels, or a frac-
tion over four-fifths of a barrel of flour per annum to
every inhabitant, allowing for the quantity used in
manufacturing and other purposes, so that with a
population of 18,500,000, the gross consumption will
be 74,000,000 bushels. On account of the lowness
of price, the consumption this year is calculated at
41 bushels per head, making an aggregate consump-
tion of 83,250,000 bushels, leaving a surplus of
27,019,000 bushels to supply foreign demand. The
yield of Ohio is stated at not less than 21,000,000
bushels ; Illinois, which in 1839 yielded 3,335,000
bushels, is expected to yield 5,847,000 bushels ; Mis-
souri, which in 1839 yielded 1,037,000 bushels, is
estimated at 2,064,000 bushels ; Wisconsin, which in
1839 yielded 212,000 bushels, is expected to give
636,000 bushels. These calculations, however, are
considered by well-informed persons to be rather
overstated in respect of the surplus yield of the United
States. Letters from New York refer to the elections
as being decidedly favourable to the democratic party,
or low tariff men, and observe that if the Government
of this country were disposed to make suitable ar-
rangements to place the trade between America and
Great Britain 'on a free and permanent basis, the pre-
sent is the most fitting opportunity that could be
selected for the adoption of measures to carry out that
important object, so eminently calculated to promote
the prosperity of both nations.
POST.—The private letters received yesterday by
the steamer Caledonia, from New York, hold out
more cheering prospects to the creditors of the North
American States which have failed to provide the in-
terest due upon the loans raised in their behalf.
Meetings were about to take place, at which it was
the intention of parties possessing a competent in-
fluence in the insolvent States to endeavour to incul-
cate in the minds of those who have been led astray
by the shameful doctrine of repudiation sentiments
more worthy of a great and aspiring people. The
first demonstration will probably be made in the
State of Illinois. Gentlemen whose interests are
closely identified with those of the State were arming
themselves with the requisite materials for the com-
mencement of a series of appeals in the cause of na-
tional integrity and faith. The names of some
of the individuals wro°Piropose to distinguish them-
selves as leaders in the performance of this honourable
duty will no doubt be shortly made public. It seems
desirable, in the meanwhile, that the holders of
American securities should meet in London, and by
a judicious mode of proceeding give what moral sup-
port they may be able to the friends who are prepared
to advocate their claims beyond the Atlantic.
The financial exposition of Senor Calatrava • con-
tains no distinct reference to the case of the Treasury
bondholders. The Committee of the Stock Exchange
afford no assistance to the sufferers, and while they
are in dudgeon at the refusal of Messrs. Lizardi and
Co. to confer with them, they have clearly no disposi-
tion to set the example of courtesy towards others.

LAW IN TELLIGENC.b.
COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH, Dec. 2.

(Sittings at Nisi Prius, after term' before Mr. Justice
COLERIDGE, and a Middlesex Special Jury.)
MURRAY V. ELGER.

This was an action brought kir the plaintiff,agentle-
man residing at 16, George-st., Hanover-square, against
the defendant, for the injury done by him in erect-
ing a house at the back of plaintiff's house, by which
the free circulation of light and air in the lowerrooms
of the plaintiff's house was obstructed. The plaintiff
did not claim any special damage, but had brought
the action with a view of forcing the defendant to re-
move the boarding which he had erected as a
substitute for the hoard, and whichhad occasioned the
obstruction.

The Solicitor-General, Mr. Platt, and Mr. Mon-
tague Smith, appeared for the plaintiff; and Mr.
Thesiger, Mr. Dundas, and Mr. Watson, for the de-
fendant.

The SOLICITOR-GENERAL, having addressed the
Jury, called William Ringer and Eliza Williams, who
had lived in plaintiff's service before and after the
erection of the obstruction, and who deposed that in
the lower rooms the light had been diminished,
that the walls had become damp, and that
difficulty had arisen in keeping meat since the erec-
tion of the obstruction. Messrs. Sibly, Donaldson,
and Taylor, architects and surveyors, deposed as to
the gloom occasioned by the obstruction, by which
they considered that the house had been diminished
one-third in value. Mr. Symes, the medical
attendant of the family, deposed that the im-
pediment to the free circulation of the air had
produced an injurious effect upon the health of
Mr. Murray ; and Dr. Ure, who had performed several
experiments to determine the actual diminution which
had taken place in the amount of light, stated that
the diminution of light in the lower rooms of the
house, occasioned by the erection of the hoard,
was six degrees, and that when the hoard
was removed, and the boards substituted the
diminution was three degrees. The obstruction, it ap-
peared, had been erected within ten feet of the win-
dows of the lower rooms of the house. Dr.Ure's tes-
timony was corroborated by that of Mr. Farraday.
Mr. TRESIGER addressed the Jury in a very inge-
nious speech for the defendant, but did not call any
witnesses. _ _ _

Mr. Justice COLERIDGE summed up, and the Jury
found a verdict for plaintiff.

COURT OF EXCHEQUER, Dec. 2.
MACNAMARA V. HULSE AND OTHERS.

This was an action brought against the defendants
as the representatives of the Metropolitan Wood
Pavement Company, for infringing a patent of the
plaintiff. The case excited considerable interest.
The Attorney-General, Mr. Sergeant Murphy, Mr.
Cockburn, and Mr. Webster, appeared for the plain-
tiff; and Mr. Kelly, Mr. Warren, and Mr. Hoggins,
for the defendants.
The ATToaxSY.GENERNL, in opening the case,
sotfaAteidartchha,t.
ItBh3e7p, plaintiff
patentntiff
had
afdor taken out,
improvementsout, in the mo
innth
paving, pitching, or covering streets, roads, and other
ways, which invention !vas also applicable to other
useful purposes. The invention was stated by him
to consist in a peculiar manner of cutting " stones
and other materials: It appeared that his plan was
to take a long block, and to slope one half inwards,
and other half outwards, on each side. The plain-
tiff was an Englishman, now advanced in years ;
and his worldly circumstances did not corre-
spond with his activity and. enterprising cha-
racter. A plan of wood-paving had ving had been dis-
covered,
or copied from that of Mr. Macnamara, by a
foreigner. For that plan a patent had
Company;
taken out
by the Metropolitan Wood-paving . and
that plan had been adopted in paving a part of
Whitehall, Oxford-street, and other parts of
the metropolis. The plan of the Company
consisted simply in using blocks which, when
two were joined together, resembled one of the
plaintiff's, with this exception that the angle in the
bevil or slope in the Company's system was greater
than in the other. The plaintiff now brought this
action against the Company for having infringed his
patent by imitation.
John Ireland, the first witness called on the part of
the plaintiff, produced the specification of his patent.
John Bevington, a carpenter, stated that the blocks
produced in Court were a correct copy of the plain-
tiff's invention ; they had been drawn by witness
from the specification, and certain directions he had
received from the plaintiff.
Thomas Donaldson stated that he was professor of
I architecture at the London University, and Chairman
of the Commissioners of Sewers. The angles in the
drawings which accompanied the plaintiff's specifica-
tion were but a slight divergence from the perpen-
dicular. Witness saw no substantial difference be-
tween blocks such as those specified in the plaintiff's
patent and the blocks used by the Metropolitan Paving
Company, as laid down in Whitehall and other
thoroughfares.
Cross-examined by Mr. KELLY —The system spe-
cified by the plaintiff would be much more expensive
than the other, inasmuch as it would require much
larger blocks.

After the examination of several other witnesses
for the plaintiff,
Mr. KELLY addressed the Jury for the defendants,
and called a -witness, when the CHIEF BARON summed
up, and the Jury returned a verdict for the defendants,
on the ground that the alleged invention of the plain-
tiff was not new.

ISSOLVENT DEB77nts,GOURT, Dec. 2.
IN RE JOHN EDWARD LOWE.
The insolvent had been a clerk in the employment
of mr, F. Turner, solicitor, of Bedford-square. He