The Sun.
London, England, 1842-11-01 00:00:00

ARRIVAL OF THE COLUMBIA.
LIVERPOOL, SUNDAY 'MORNING.
The steam ship Columbia arrived here last
night, shortly before twelve o'clock, with thirty-
one passengers. She sailed from Boston on the
16th and from Halifax on the 18th, making the
voyage from the latter place in eleven days and
eight hours. The Britannia arrived out in eleven
days and a half, facilitating the escape of the
notorious Burdekin, manager of the Manchester
Bank, who took his passage and his booty by her.
The death of Dr. Charming, at Burlington,
Vermont—a name not merely of American, but
of European celebrity is the most striking
event recorded in the United States papers,
which are otherwise occupied with the autumn
elections, and local matters.
Sir Charles Bagot has dissolved the Canadian
Parliament in a kind and conciliatory speech
which, however, makes no direct allusion to the
recent important executive changes. It is to
meet again in November. The Attorney-Gene-
ral for Eastern Canada, Mr. Lafontaine, had
been returned by his old constituency, the fourth
riding of York county; but his coadjutor, Mr.
Baldwin, Attorney-General for Western Ca-
nada, had been less fortunate. He was defeated.
for Hastings county ley- the,Conservative can-
didate, Mr. Murney, 'Who. headed him on the
poll by 41. The election was accompanied by
rioting so violent, that the military had to be
called out, and the return will be set aside, it is
said, on the ground of obstruction and illegality.
Before separating, the House of Assembly had
imposed a duty of three shillings per quarter on
United States grown wheat.
Mexico has commenced the invasion of her re-
volted provinces, Texas and Yucatan, in right
earnest, and with a degree of energy little cha-
racteristic of her people. Santa Anna has two
English steamers at his command, plenty of men
and resources, and his forces had taken San. An-
tonio in Texas, arrested the principal inhabitants
of the place, and proceeding to the Civil Court,
which was sitting, .seized the Judge, the Jury,
lawyers, and all ! These vigorous proceedings ap•
pear to have been quite unlooked for by the
Texans, who have been resting on their oars, for
their navy is (or was at the date of the last ac-
counts)'lying idle at New Orleans, and no means
had been taken nearer home to receive the un-
welcome visitors. Galveston, to get at which
the steamers, with their small draught of water,
would be very useful, would, it was believed, be
the next point of atack.
The operation of the new tariff had quite crip-
pled the trade with England at New York, large
quantities of goods being daily transhipped to
this country on account of its provision. Busi-
ness was unusually dull. The rate of exchange
on London was 7.1 to 71 per cent. premium, with
a very trifling amount of business doing. In this
respect matters were likely to get worse instead
of better. As in England so in America, dis-
cussions in the press on the advantages or other-
wise of free trade as opposed to " protection" to
native industry were of daily occurrence.
TRADE WITH CANADA.
It appears from a letter of Lord Stanley, published
in the Canada papers, that the matter of regulating
the duty on wheat imported into that province from
the United States, has been left entirely to the discre-
tion of the Provincial Parliament. Accordingly re-
solutions have passed that body to impose a duty of
3s. sterling per imperial quarter upon American wheat
imported into Canada—such duty to go into effect on
the sth of July next. The preamble expresses conf,
dence that upon the imposition of a duty in Canada
upon American wheat imported into the province,
such wheat will be admitted duty free, or rather as
Canadian wheat, into the ports of Great Britain. A
Bill was afterwards introduced, embracing the sub-
stance of
Tofhethii
resolutions,eci2gst,ni Chronicle says :
and will no doubt become a
I
" The English Government offers to the province to
repeal the imperial duties, levied in England upon wheat
mported into England from Canada, if the Provincial
Paeliament will impose a duty on wheat from the
United. States. The provincial administration has
sad -
agreed to accept the offer, proposes to fix the
-
duty at about 3s. sterling per quarter, or sd. cur-
' rency per bushel, Supposing the importation from
the United States to be about a million of bushels,
this offer will add to are provincial revenue about
370,0001. sterling. If it ahall only amount to
202,0001. it will be an enormous addition to. the pro-
vifflial revenue, which will, no doubt, be applied to
public works-a-to the erection of public buildings, in
which, as contrasted with those in every great town
in the United States, this province is greatly deficient;
and, it is to be hoped, to the erection of schools.
"To some extent the duty will be a tax on the in
habitants of the province, namely, upon so much of
the wheat imported as is consumed here. If the duty
was merely on wheat, treating it as Canadian wheat
when exported, it would amount to the duty levied on
Canadian wheat in
England, but the amount will be
much more, and as the wheat will be manufactured
into flour for exportation, the province will have the
profit of the manufacture. This is the first time that
the Imperial Government has giVen up to a. colony the
duties it thinks proper to impose in England on colo-
nial imports for the regulation of its own trade."
The following is an extract from Lord Stanley's
letter above referred to:—
" By the law, as it has hitherto stood, Canadian wheat
and wheat flour have been admissible into Great Bri-
tain at a rate of duty estimated at ss. per quarter,
until the price in the English markets reached 705.,
at which amount the duty fell to 6d. By the Bill
which is now before Parliament, a duty of ss. is
leviable only while the price is below 555., and at 58s.
falls to ls. only. But in addition to this reduction in

the amount of price at whiell the lower duty becomes

payable, it is proposed to take 0.. the restriction which
has hitherto been imposed upon the importation of
Canadian flour into Ireland, and thus to open a new
market to that which may justly be considered As one
of the manufactures of Canada.
‘ Imperial Parliament, at the time
they admitted
produce at a nominal duty,
aig‘iiltts o
tnirtsutt
ed Canadian
ietut
iaotn the
all
yhave imposed a corresponding
day upon the imports of American wheat in Canada,
and might thus have placed a check upon the undue
influx of foreign, under the name of Canadian pro-
duce; but, whatever might be the view taken by her
:Majesty's Government under a different state of cir-
cumstances, in which a tax imposed by colonial autho-
rity, and of course receivable into the colonial treasury,
upon wheat imported from the United States, might
secure the agriculturists of England against the com-
petition of foreign growers, they have been unwilling
to impose such a tax, by the authority of Parliament,
upon a raw article which might be required for home
consumption in Canada, and, in the absence of such a
tax, have felt it impossible to propose to Parliament a
further, reduction than that which they have submitted,
in favour of wheat and wheat flour, shipped from the
ports of Canada.—l have, &c.,
(Signed)
"STANLEY.
" The Right Hon. Sir Charles Bagot, G.C.8., &c."
The object of the British and Canadian Govern-
ments is two-fold, viz. :-
1. To compel American wheat intended for the
English market, to go
through Canada ; and, of course,
to be ground in Canadian mills, and shipped in British
vessels. This is to be effected by exempting it from
duty in the English ports, if coming through Canada,
and subjecting it to a high duty if brought from the
United States direct.
2. The other object is the protection of Canadian
agriculture. The farming interest in that province
has been quite opposed to the idea of admitting Ame-
rican wheat free of duty, because the effect would be
to reduce the price of Canadian wheat. The 3s. duty
to be imposed in Canada, agreeably to the above men-
tioned Bill, will be so much protection to the Cana-
dian wheat grower, but will not check the import of
American wheat into. Canada, provided little or no
duty is imposed upon it. or the flour made from it, on
its arrival in England.
Unless our Government should adopt some counter-
vailing measures, we do not see but these objects will
be accomplished. It is true, the words of the British
law admit, and may continue to admit, into England,
only Canadian wheat free of duty, but it is evident
from the tone of Lord Stanley's letter, that in practice
all wheat or flour imported from Canada will be
" deemed and taken" to be Canadian.
This year the Canadians have got their fingers
burnt by grasping so eagerly at a trade which belongs
properly to us—and so far they are welcome to it.
ELECTION RIOT IN CANADA,—The Montreal Tran-
script contains a letter, of the sth inst., from the
county of Hastings, of which the following is an ex-
tract

" We have had a inost tremendous riot to.day, and
the returning officer was obliged to close the poll. Mr.
Murney, the Conservative Candidate, is 20 a head,
and there is not the shadow of a doubt that he will be

elected by a hanthorne majority. This village is in a