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London, England, 1842-01-20 00:00:00

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MRS. ELLIS'S NEW WORK.
THE DAUGHTERS of ENGLAND ;
Their Position in Society, Character, and Responsibi-
lities. By the Author of " The Women of England" (and
designed for a Companion-Volume to that Work, now in its
Seventeenth Edition)—will be published with the Magazines,
on the 31st instar.t. IL
ITALY, GREECE, anti the RHINE. Illus-
trated in a Series of beautifully-executed Engravings,
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Just published, the Seventh Edition, price 3s. ; and sent free,
on receipt of a Post-office order, for 3s. 6d.,
MANHOOD; the CAUSES of its PRE-
MATURE DECLINE, with plain Directions for
ITS PERFECT RESTORATION; addressed to those
suffering from the destructive effects of Excessive Indulgence,
Solitary Habits, or Infection ; followed by Observations on
the Treatment of Syphilis, Gonorrhoea, Glecti &c., illus-
trated with cases, &c. By J. L. CURTIS -and COMPANY,
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SEVENTH EDITION.
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The following aro a few of the numerous testimonials this
popular work has received, and which the limits of an adver-
tisement will only allow of being published :
The rage for books in all departments of Science, literature,
and the arts, was, we believe, never so prevalent as at the pre-
sent time. The unavoidable consequence of this is, that we
meet a very considerable proportion of indifferent, usele,,,,, and
even bad Looks. With the force •f this prejudice on our
minds, we with no little reluctance were induced to peruse
Messrs. Curtis's work, entitled "Manhood ;" nor did it re-
quire much perusal fully to satisfy us that the book was not
one of the common stamp. The scientific views taken by the
authors of the source and origin of many of the most distressing
effects of certain depraved habits, fully establish their claim to '
the character of experienced and judicious surgeons. To
quote passages from the work in proof of our assertion would
be departing from the established rules of the daily press. The
result, however, of our careful perusal of the work, has been
to impress us with a thorough confidence in the talent and
skill of the authors, and to satisfy us that those entrusted with
the care of youth are not a little indebted to them for fur-
nishing them with a means of preventing some of the snost
frightful maladies to which flesh is heir.—Old England.
Messrs. Curtis's work, entitled " Manhood," is one of the
few books now coming before the public on such a subject which
can lay claim to tke character of being strictly professional, at
the same time that it is fully intelligible to all who read it.
precepts given in it, render it invalu-
The moral and medical
able.—Magnet.
The perusal of Messrs. Curtis's book entitled " Manhood,.
has really astonished us by deyeloping a series of maladies, the
never-failing consequence of the vicious habit of which it
treats. The clear connexion pointed out between the assigned
cause and the effects is perceptible to every capacity. We
strongly recommend the work.—Age.
The multitude of books daily coming frotn the press, same,
nay most of them of a very questionable tendency, made us ex•
tremely reluctant to take up. another. Having, however, been
induced by the character given of thisHßving,
work by an intelligent
friend, we ventured to open its pages, and now feel no hesita•
Lion in saying that we arise from its perusal instructed 'and
edified. The clear exposition of the source of many of tflose
diseases which proves so fatal to youth, and which are set
down by the every-day observer as the result of common
causes, su-h as exposure to cold, sudden vicissitudes of ten.pe-
go.. i 5 - truly convincing and extre-
rature, hereditary taint,
"satisfactory,"
extre-
mely satisfactory. We sayinasmuch as Messrs.
Curtis have shown that many diseases, such as Pulmonary
Consumption, Epilepsy, &c hitherto the opprobria ,of medi-
cine,, may, when taken in proper time, and submitted to judi-
cious treatment, be brought to as favourable a termination
as any ether class of ffections. We do not Mink we go too
far in saying that society is deeply indebted to the authors for
producing so useful, so much wanted, so miva, se,
so and so truly
moral a book.—Conservative Journal,
We recommend the work entitled " Manhood,' &c., to the
easeful perusal of persons of all classes.
The moral as wel as
physical advantages sure to result from
such perusal, will be
most readily recognised and felt by these who stand most in
need of them.—Statesman.

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All our mackerel boats, with two exceptions,
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Rl* Gvardian.

The Westminster Review commences an able
article on these topics in the following words :
We should have to apologise to our readers if it were
our intention merely to discuss the almost threadbare
subject of the Danish claims, but these having been fa-
vourably decided by the Legislature, the case of those
claimants is now changed into a perfectly new case, in-
volving a constitutional question which concerns the
community at large, and as such we now purpose to ex-
amine it.•

The writer then describes the habitual shifts
and expedients adopted by each succeeding
Chancellor of the Exchequer in former times to
stave off; for the hour or the day, the most press-
ing of the creditors that beset him, and quotes
the conduct of Mr. S. Rice and Mr. Baring, with
regard to the Danish claims, as proofs that these
functionaries were as unjust, unmerciful, and sel-
fish as any Chancellor of the Exchequer in the
most dark, cruel, and tyrannous time of our
country's history; in proof of which is subjoined
a summary of the proceedings that have taken,
place in the House of Commons since May, 1838,'
with the conclusions drawn from facts which
neither Lord Monteagle, Mr. Baring, nor the
present Chancellor of the Exchequer can deny :
When the wife and children of Sir Walter Raleigh
implored King James on their knees to spare the rem-
nant of their fortunes, that they might have out of their
inheritance at least wherewithal to keep them from start.,
ing, King James's only reply was, "1 maun ha' the
land—l maun ha' it for Carr" (one of his base minions).
It is a melancholy proof how slowly Governments learn
to be just—in other words, how slow is the progress of
mankind in the science of government, that about two
hundred years after the, application of Raleigh's children,
when certain British subjects, who had been plundered
of their property solely through the instrumentality of
their own Government, applied for redress and compen-
sation out of double the amount of property which their
Government had got in lieu of that which they (the ap-
plicants) had lost, they were told, as Lady Raleigh had
been told, that their claim might be reasonable enough,
but that it was not convenient to satisfy it, inasmuch as
the funds for doing so had been appropriated to other
pLrposes. The reply to these claimants, however, was
not quite so frank and straightforward as that of King
James. It was not, "We maim -ha' the siller—we maun
ha' it for Buckingham Palace." On the contrary, the
Minister of the Crown declared that—

" Out of the proceeds arising from the Danish prizes,
348,0001. had already been applied to the public service.
This was done in consequence of a determination to ap-
ply the whole of the proceeds thence arising to the ser-
vice of the public, after satisfying the claimants and cap-
tors. The motives by which they were then actuated
arose out of the circumstances of there being various
merchants, who looked for a remuneration of the losses
they had sustained, from the manner in which the war
broke out, from those proceeds."
Whether the whole of these proceeds were so applied,
there is no further evidence.

In 1807 the British Government became possessed of
a very large sum of money, 1,379,000/., derived from the
seizure of Danish private property before any declaration
of war, or any circumstances that might be construed
into the forerunners thereof. By way of reprisal, the
Danish Government seized British property amounting
in all to something less than half the amount of Danish
property seized by Great Britain. After twenty-seven
years of uninterrupted but fruitless application to their
own Government from the British subjects whose pro-
perty had been thus sacrificed in the way of reprisals for
the Danish property sacrificed by the unprovoked and
unexpected attack of the British Government, Parliament
in 1834 agreed to the general principle of compensating
claims for losses by the Danes in 1807, and Commis-
sioners were appointed to examine and report on them.
'These Commissioners, in their report to the Treasury,
divided the claims into three classes —l. Those for
book debts. 2. Those for goods seized onshore. 3. Those
for ships and cargoes seized. And the Treasury, in their
Minute of November, 1834 (and we particularly request
attention to the fact), distinctly referred it to the decision
of Parliament, " whether any or all of the classes were to
be admitted to compensation."
In 1835 and 1836 the Chancellor of the Exchequer
paid the classes 1 and 2, but refused-to.pay class 3, stat-
ing in his place in the House that he resisted the demand
of those claimants, not upon his own authority but that
of the Crown lawyers, who, when applied to as to how
far these injuries were justified by the laws of war and of
nations, replied, " That all ships and cargoes, whether in
port or on the high seas, might be seized and confiscated,
even though the two nations wore not actually at war at
the moment."

This opinion not applying to the case, these claimants
brought their claim before theßouse of Commons, and on
the 24th of May, 1838, carried it by a majority of 34, on
the grounds (amongst others, such as funds derived by
the British Government from their aggression, the ana-
molous and unprecedented nature of the aggression itself,
and the withdrawal of protection) that their case was a
case of reprisals, and not of war ; and that, according
to Vattel, at present the highest authority on questions
of international law, "In cases of reprisals the Sove-
reign is to compensate those of his subjects on whom the
reprisals fall; it is a debt of the State or nation, of which
rich citizen ought only to pay his quota."
Instead of complying with the sense of the House of
Commons, thus unequivocally expressed, Mr. Spring Rice,
then Chancellor of the Exchequer, directed the Commis-
sioners to make an illusory Report. The words of Mr.
Cresswell's motion, which had been carried, as we have
said, by a majority of 34, were—
" That an humble address be presented to her Ma-
jesty, praying that her Majesty will be graciously
pleased to give directions to the Commissioners to whom
it was referred to examine the claims of certain British
subjects for losses sustained on account of book-debts
and other property confiscated by the Government of
Denmark in the year 1807, that they shall examine the
claims for losses sustained on account of seizures of ships
and cargoes by the said Government in the said year, and
that the said Commissioners shall report on such claims
to the Lords Commissioners of her Majesty's Treasury."
Now, whatever construction might be put upon the
precise words of this motion, Mr. Cresswell's speech on
making it, and the debate on the occasion, rendered it
perfectly clear that the object of the mover, and the
object of the large majority who voted with him, was a
judicialexamination of the claims individually, and the
payment of such as should be found just. Instead of
this, these Commissioners merely gave a list of the
claims sent in, saying that they "had not felt themselVes
warranted by their instructions to proceeding to a judi-
cial determination of any of the cases which had been
laid before them."

The claimants finding that, notwithstanding this
'solemn decision of the House of Commons, justice was
still refused to them, Mr. Cresswell, on the 18th of June,
1839, moved the following address :
" That an humble address be presented to her Majesty,
praying that she will be graciously pleased to direct the
Commissioners to whom it was referred to examine the
claims of certain British subjects, in respect to losses
sustained by the seizure of Ships and cargoes by the
Danish Government in 1807, to proceed to adjudicate
upon the claims which they have received, and upon
which they have made a Report to the Lords of her Ma-
jesty's Treasury."
This motion, after a debate in which many members
joined, was carried by a majority of sixty-three. And
on the 12th of May, 1840, the Commissioners, in con-
formity with the terms of the above address, sent in a
judicial Report to the Treasury, in which they make the
following statement :
" The schedule which accompanied our Report of the
6th of February, 1839. contained ninety claimos.,which
amounted to 524,747/. 18s. 11d.
"Many of these claims have since been disallowed in
part; many have been subdivided into separate cases ;
and the result of the whole investigation is, that' we re-
port 116 claims to be supported by proof, amounting to
225,1261. 9s. 10d.

"The remaining cases have been rejected for deficiency
of proof.
" In the judicial investigation of these claims, our ob-
ject has been to ascertain the actual loss sustained, with-
out taking into consideration any mercantile profit which
might have have realized if the seizures and confiscations
made by the Mullah Government had nevertaken place."
The Chancellor a'the Exchequer having signified his
intention still to resist the payment of the money, the
House of Commons, on the 16th of February, 1841, again
decided-

" That it would resolve itself into a Committee of the
whole House, to consider of an address to her Majesty,
praying that her Majesty would be graciously pleased to
advance to the claimants the amount ascertained by the
Commissioners to be due, and to assure her Majesty that
the House would make good the same."
On the 9th of June, 1841, Mr. Cresawell moved, that
the House do resolve itself into a Cominittee of the whole
House, to address her Majesty on the subject of the
Danish claims. The Chancellor of the Exchequer con-
sented to the appointment of a Committee, reserving his
opposition to the bringing up of the Report. Accordingly,
on the 16th, the Report having been brought up, and the
resolution read a first time,—on the question that it be
read a second time, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Mr.
F. Baring, opposed it, and was supported by the Solicitor-
General. But notwithstanding this powerful opposition,
the case appeared
.so just that the following resolution
was carried
That an humble_ address be presented to her Majesty
praying that her Majesty will be graciously pleased to
take into consideration the Report, bearing date 12th
May, 1840, made by the Commissioners to whom it was
referred to examine and adjudicate upon the claims of
certain British subjects for losses sustained by the seizure
and confiscation of their ships and cargoes by the Go-
vernment of Denmark in the year 1807; and that her
Majesty will be pleased to advance to such claimants the
amount of their respective losses, as ascertained by the
said Commissioners; and assuring her Majesty that the
House will make good the same.
To this address the following answer was returned to
the House on the 21st of June:—

" VICTORIA R.
" It must at all times be my earnest desire to attend
to thawishes of the House of Commons, and I shall be
ready to give effect to them in this instance, whenever
the opus shawl live beep proidid by reirlitt6euv."