Star.
London, England, 1808-03-26 00:00:00

GOTTENBURGH MAIL.

This morning we received journals and letters from
Gottenburgh to the 21st inst. The KING of DEN-
MARK, who had long been in such a state of mental
debility as not to be able to perform any of the execu-
tive functions, died suddenly on the 13th inst. The
CROWN PRINCE (now FREDERICK VI.) has succeeded
to the Throne ; but there were no acclamations or
rejoicings when he was prOclaimed.-7-In an action re-
ported to have taken place in Finland, the Russians
are said to have lost 5000 men, and the Swedes
1700. Thl latter retreated after the action.

The following are the principal articles received by

this Mail:
DECLARATION OF THE KING OF SWE.

DEN AGAINST RUSSIA.

" That the Russian troops on the 21st of last Fe-
bruary invaded Finland, was first made known to his
Majesty by a telegraphic dispatch, and soon after con-
firmed by a Prwclamation, issued on the part of his
Imperial Russian Majesty, and profusely scattered
through the Swedish Provinces, inviting the people
to sedition and revolt.

44 A rupture made without any previous declara-
tion of war—nay, without one single grievance being
stated—commenced with treachery, and led on by a
traitor to his native country,* is an event of which but
few precedents exist, and which cannot but excite in-
dignation and disgttst, on the very face of the tran-
saction. But if the late relation between the two
Courts be taken into consideration—if this proceeding
be examined as far as it is directed against an'ally,
who always conducted himself in a faithful and ho.
nourable manner, it is difficult to mark the heinous
deed with the term it deserves. It will stand Single on
the page of history down to the latest times.
44 At a period when his Imperial Majesty seemed
anxious to relieve oppressed rulers and countries, when
he seemed aware of the danger which threatened all
Europe, his Royal Majesty, animated by the same
sentiments, continued with him in close alliance,
placing implicit confidence in a friend, a relation, an
independent Monarch ! The Russian Emperor had.
entered into engagements beneficial to the general
cause, and tending to check the destructive ambition
of France ; he was sufficiently powerful to fulfil those
engagements. His Royal Majesty, therefore, joined
him as a friend, animated by-the same sentimentc ;
and he is now invaded by him, because he was his
ally. Never could a Prince enter into similar engage-
ments with anJther power, with stronger hopes of
their being sacredly fulfilled.
The Emperor had been personally calumniated
by the French Government ; the Russian nation had
been calumniated and puhlicly proclaimed as savages
and barbarianst. All that is sacred to Governments
was intimately interwoven with the common interest,
how then could any mistrust or suspicion possi-
bly be harboured, when the Emperor expressly de-
clared that he should reject all offers of peace, how-
ever advantageous they might be, which could not be
reconciled with the honour of the Russian name, the
security of the country, the interest of his allies, and
the general tranquillity of Europet.
_ _ _

"How far this Declaration is consistent with the
peace of Tilsit, has already been decided by the pre-
scat age ; and posterity will affirm the doom. The
King stood on the theatre of war, and was rot ac-
quainted with the negotiation for an armistice and
peace until the latter was concluded, contrary to the
express stipulation of the treaty concluded between
Sweden and Russia the 14th of January, 1805, (Art.
IX.) The intelligence of this unexpected event was
followed by an offer to contribute to the Conclusion
of creace§, which induced his Majesty to renew the
• loran Sprengtporten.

'6 A peorle (the Russians) which, from the barbarity of its
manners and ways of fife, must be univemilly abhorred."—Ce-
tteral Orders, Vienna, the 23d Brnnsaire, year 14 (Nov. 14,
160 .5). " Those savage hordes, whose assistance will for the last
time be claimed by the Governments of Europe."-2.lth Bulletin
of the Grand Army (No. 16, 18°5). " Were the Creek tenets al-
lowed to be diffused between the Baltic and the Mediterranean,
we should won see our provinces attacked by swarms of enraged
barbarians."—A proclamation published at head-quarters, War-
saw, the 29th lune, 1807, sinned N. BONAPARTZ. •
Russian Manifesto of August 30, 1806.
S General Budberg's letter to Baron Wetterstadt, Ptincipal Set
gretarf for Foreign 41fairs, of the 10th of Jury, 1807.

demand of an armistice, which was stiPalatdfil the '
treaty of Tilsit 11, but met with a denial, and then bar.
ned to appreciite the value ,of the co-operation of
Russia. The King being now unable to defend:any
longer his German dominions, was obliged to surrey
der them. • •

“ After this loss, occasioned_ by the secession of
Russia, his Royal Majesty left the theatre of war,
and merely endeavoured to enjoy in his kingdom that
tranquillity which he was entitled.to expect from his
situation. He had fulfilled his engagements with Rus-
sia, and now expected to learn what under a changed
system wouldbe done in his favour. The King had
supported the Russian operations with his ships of
war, had opened to the Emperor his magazine of
warlike stores, had rejected and hardly noticed the
offers made to him by the French Government**,
one of which was, that in case of a rupture with
Russia in the midst of a war, when the Russian
frontiers and the capital itself were perfectly de-
fenceless ; all the provinces lost in the reign of
Charles XII. should be restored to Sweden, and
that besides any 'part of the Russian empire should
be procured to the*King, which he should require.
His Royal Majesty is far from claiming any
praise for having rejected such offers ; but his right
of expecting honourable proceedings from the power
spared, was strengthcd by his conduct. The secret
articles of the treaty of Tilsit, which were first sus-
pected, and afterwards acknowledged by the Russian
Ministry, began to appear. The terrific measures of.
France to hem in the whole Continent of Europe, and
shut it against the English, had commenced to be
carried into eirect, and to spi cad misery and want
from port to port, and throughout Continental Eu-
' rope from State to State.

The Government was permitted to act according
to iti own judgment and experience, and no medium
acknowledged between vassals and foes; peace. me:int
confederacy ; confederacy, subjeCtion ; and principles,
laws, and systems, were dictated by France to her so
styled allies, who humbly receive thew from Paris,
unmindful of the wounds which they should inflict
on the common welfare.

s. Preparations for X rupture with,. England were
made in Petersburgh as early as last autumn, and
merely a convenient season was waited for to carry
them into execution, when by a note of the 6th of
October it was proposed to his Majesty to co-operate
in the same manner as in 1780, in an attempt to shut
the Baltic against foreign ships of war.
44 His Royal Majesty retutaed for answer, tinder
date of die 13th of November, that as long as the'
French Government w;!s lording it over so consider-
able a part of the Southern ports of the Baltic, and
Practising its• excluding system, there could be no
tranvillity in the Baltic, wherefore his Imperial
Majesty must first prevail on the French to quit
them ; and as the above demand was repeated on
the 27th of the said month, and compliance was
required,' as an obligation arising • from the con-
vention of the year 17N0, it was fully stated
in a reply giver. the 21st January last,- that by the.
convention concluded between Russia and England
in the year 1801, and towhich Sweden acceded by the
cyrK-ess desire of Russia, and under her own guaranty,
the fornter armed neutrality was done away ; that his
Maje..ty then entered into direct engagements wi thEng-
hich he could not in justice violate, as long as
that power continued to fulfil them on its part ; that
aloi kg with the formerarmednentrality the stipulation to
shut the Baltic natty ally fell totheground, a stipulation
which was the less fitted for the present circumstances,
as the former Danish navy then reckoned upon, did'
no longer eyist ; and as England had besides opened
a passage through the Great Belt, but that as Swe-
den was not at liberty to contribute with an armed
force to preserve tranquillity in the Balti2, she would
endeavour to obtain by negociation with England,
that the latter should send thither no ships Ff war un-
less some other power rendered that measure neces-
sary by hostilities committed in that sea.
64 That Sweden should serve Russia for a bulwark,
since she had been pleased to provoke England ;
that Sweden should sacrifice her fleet and her trade
to protect Cronstadt, was certainly asking too much.
Hostile preparations now immediately commenced on
the Russian frontiers. His Royal Majesty, however,
looked still with indifference on them as long as no
grievance had been stated to him, and no claim pre-
ferred.

• 66 The offer to obtain by negotiations the tranquil- I
lity of the Baltic, opened prospects of peace and profit
for Russia, and for the whole North of Europe, and
therefore assuredly could not be refused. The ports
of Russia could thus haVe continued their trade un-
disturbed, and this trade could not but prove ex-
tremely desirable to his Imperial Majesty, after an
unfortunate War, and a still more unfortunate Peace.
—The offer was made on the supposition- of Eng-
land's consent, which there were strong grounds to
expect ; and fiis Majesty hoped to obtain it., before
the English fleet, Which was so much dreaded, should
be able to reach the Baltic. A direct answer to this
offer beitig avoided, his Majesty's Ambassador was
directed the 15th of February, to make remonstran-
t!. Tendency and bearings of the secret Article.
' General Bernadotte made an offer of Norway to a Swedish
Officer, who was taken prisoner. The French Minister, Bou-
riennt, offered Netzel to the Swedish Charge d'Affaires, on the
4th November, 1806, and General Grandjean offered to Coionel
Baron Tawast, the 27th May, 1807, any eztention of the Swedish
frontiers that might be d*sired in case of a rupture with Russia.

p*that subject, when at once all official coin-
leankatinns with Sweden were broken off, and the
troops.enteied Finland, with tie fallowing,
Pipapsnation
(These Proclamations, addressed to 'this swed,k Soldiers
of the Army in Fhdattd, and to thitishabitints of that

Country, have already been given at 'till length:).
Every lawful Government—every manly and ho-
nourable Soldier—every (faithful subject, condemns
the proceedings.

" This sodden invasion of a friendly country, com-
menced with treacherous attempts to stir np
is unprecedented even in our times. otherwise so rich
in instances of the most tmvrartantable acts of violence
and despotism. The. Russian empire, allied with
France, is not sufficiently powesful to overcome the
resistance of a province - which, on account of -the
season, is entirely left to itself. Treachery and re-
bellion must be called in for assistance !
" The Government endeavours to buy the peo-
ple in a mais, and seduce them by offers of happiness
and liberty ; the Commander in Chief endeavours to
buy soldiers by the piece, who had not been able to
buy serfs in the markets of Petersburgh and Riga.
" Faithful inhabitants of Finland, respectable peo-
ple, your King, since the beginning of his reign, has
constantly endeavoured to diffuse knowledge and pro-
sperity through your country ; a treacherous friend
is now attempting to disturb' your repose, and throw
~you back into the darkness of ancient times. His sword
' is'Unsheathed over your heads; his blood-stainedliands
are extended to complete your ruin; do rot rely on his
treacherous promises, which merely tend to unncry
the arm of loyalty, and decoy you from your faithful
attachment to your King and country. Concerned
at the misfortunes attending on war, but convinced
that he has not provoked them, your King feels sa-
tisfied that your attachment to his person remains un-
impaired, and you may depend on his making the
utmost exertion, assisted by a powerful Ally, to pro-
-1 tect and avenge you.

" Stockholm, March 11, 180 R."
GOTTENBURGH, MARCH 21.

An embargo was laid yesterday on all Prussian
ve,s,..ls—the following are here, viz.—Juno, Rosenr-
:.;ON Albertina Marianne, Mossop ; Underneming,
Riiooht, and the Nika, HAM, from London for Me-
mel; Maria, AUCKLAND, from ditto, for Pillau ;
Prelang, HAXNANIAN, for ditto, and the Friendship,
R.omas, from London for Koningsburg, and two
others; also two at Marstrand, viz. Rudolph, and
the Fate. Two others sailed, but will most likely be
brought back. On the 19th sailed for the ••,!!..:11.1, his
Majesty's. ships Vanguard, Stately, Lynx,
Quebec, Falcon, and Constant.
A courier has arrived this from Stock-,
lhohn, with dispatches for En,1.t1,1. It seems there
has been an affair in Finland, L..—.7een the Russians
and Swedes, in which 'the former are said to have lost
5000 men, and the latter 1700. The Swedes have,
however, retreated. This happened near Tawast-
chus : we have not yet received the particulars. An
embargo was laid last week in this harbour upon all
Russian, Danish, and Prussian ships.
HAMI3URGH, MARCH 4.

A division of Spanish troops are ordered to march
to the Isle of Rugen ; Grateen's division is also expee-.
ted to go to Pomerania.
MAUCII 7.—Yesterday morning the Prince of Ponte
Corvo reviewed about 10 or• 12,000 French and
Spanish troops. Immediately after the review, the
Spanish division received orders to march to the Isle
of Ruben.