The Sun.
London, England, 1842-01-01 00:00:00

EVENING SUN

means of judging, and deems it therefore unnecessary to either
admit or deny it. -
The question is not whether the power asserted might be
necessary or expedient, but whether any such rower exists.
It is incumbent then upon her Majesty's Government to shpw
upon what principles of justice and right it claims the power
of deciding upon the right of an independent nation to npvi-
gate the ocean in time of peace ; and this, too, for the purpose
of executing treaties to which such nation is not a party, and
consequently not bound. The signal error of Lord Palmer-
ston is in assuming the necessity and expediency of the power
as proof of its existence. Was such a power ever before as-
serted in the manner or tithe extent which is now done? On
the contrary, has not the right of visitation and search been
always regarded as exclusively one of a belligerent character?
In proof of this, the undersigned need only refer Lord Aber-
deen to the authority of Great Britain herself on the subject.
" I can find no authority," says the late Sir William Scott,
" that gives the right of interruption to the navigation of
States upon the high seas, except that which the right of war
gives to belligerents against neutrals. No nation can exercise
a right of visitation and search upon the common and unap-
propriated parts of the ocean, except upon the belligerent
el tim." And again :—" No nation has the right to force the
way for the liberation of Africa by trampling upon the inde-
pendence of other States on the pretence of an eminent good
by means that are unlawful, or to press forward to a great prin-
ciple by breaking through other great principles which stand
in their way."
Now, of all the principles ever attempted to be established
in the past history of the dominion of the sea, few probably
could be selected of more offensive and objectionable cha-
racter than those asserted in Lord Palyerston's note. In-
deed, it is difficult to be beleved that his Lordship, or her Ma-
jesty's Government, could seriously expect that any indepeu-
dent nation could for a moment acquiesce in doctrines
involving the extravagant supposition of yielding to another
the right of determining upon the terms and conditions upon
which it should navigate the ocean in a time of general and
profound peace. Such a power once submitted to and there
would be no species of national degradation to which it might
not lead. 'that such would be the consequence the under-
signed feels himself at liberty to suppose. But if it were ad-
mitted, for the purpose of illustration, that such a right was
even doubtful, still the United States, as well as other com-
mercial nations, would be bound to demand its discontinu-
ance, if attempted to be exercised in the manner indicated in
Lord Palmerston's note. Under what restrictions and limita-
tions could such a power be enforced? What competent tri-
bimal would there be to determine upon the degree of sus-
picion which is to justify the boarding and detention, and the
right of determining the national character of all vessels under
the flag of the United States? Would it not make every sub-
ordinate commander of a British cruiser the exclusive judge,
and not only lead to angry and exciting irritations upon the
ocean, but to painfal discussions between the two Govern
ments? What security would American merchantmen have
against decis.ons made without evidence, or where all the rules
of evidence might be violated with impunity? Would it not,
from its very nature, be a power the exercise of which, in
whatever form it might be guarded, could admit of no just
limitation ? _ _ .

The answer to these questions will best show how incon-
sistent with the peace of Great Britain and the rights of other
States the exercise of any such power would be attended.
lint it is unnecessary to press this view of the subject further
upon Lord Aberdeen's attention. The objection is one of
principle and not of expediency, and is, therefore, wholly
incapable of being overcome by the manner or discretion
with which the power might be exercised, or the limitations
thrown around it However softened in terms, or restricted,
it must still be regarded as imposing restrietions upon the
lawful commerce of neutral nations, and an innovation upon
the liberty of the seas; a power which no independent State
could ever submit to without surrendering its independence
and sovereignty, and disregarding the high obligations of duty
which it owes to itself and the other nations of the world.
Nor is there any force in the view alleged by Lord Palmer.
stole, and upon
which great reliance is placed, that the
flag of the Union is grossly abused by other nations as a
rover to their ,slave traffic. To what extent the flag of the
United States may have bee. used for this purpose the under-
signed and his Government have no means of judging. That
it has been grossly abused, however, there is too much reason
to believe and deplore ; but whatever this abuse may have
have been, it can have no just influence either to strengthen or
weaken the right asserted by her Majesty's Government.
jp rela ion to the conduct of other nations, who seek to cover
their infamous traffic by the fraudulent use of the American
the Government of the United States cannot be respon-
sib7e. It has taken the steps which it deemed best to protect
its flag as well as its character, from abuse, and will follow it
up by such other measures as may appear to be called for.
The Government of the United States are not insensible to
the force of the considerations which belong to the subject of
the ,frican slaveetrade, nor have they failed to manifest their
sensibility to whatever concerns its abolition. Nothing is
farther flem the wish of the American Government than a de-
sire to increase the difficulties, or throw obstacles in the way of
the execution of the existing treaties for its final extinction.
This the undersigned has, upon more than one occasion, had
'he honour of assuring her Majesty's Government, and takes
leave now to repo at to Lord Aberdeen. Anxious, however,
as the Government of the United States are to promote the
views of her Majesty's Government on this subject, it cannot
consent to do so by sacrificing the rights of its citizens or the
honour of its flag.
Her Majesty's Government cannot be insensible of the im-
pertance and value of guarding the rights of neutrality from
very species of violation. This duty belongs especially to
great and powerful nations, such as Great Britain and the
United States, not only as the best means of preserving peace,
hut giving security to weaker communities, under the shadow
of impartial justice. Among neutral nations there is probably
cot one more deeply interested than the United States. Their
Attitude is that of a neutral and peaceful Power. The con-
sistent and persevering policy of their Government has been
displayed in defence of the rights of neutrality and the liberty
of the seas. Desirous to manifest cordial good-will to allnations,
arid maintain with each not only relations of the most perfect
amity, but those of a commercial character, upon the basis of
a fair, equal, and just reciprocity, the United States will con-
tinue to give to their system of policy a sincere and steady
adherence. Upon this basis, the relations between Great
Britain and the United States, as well as all other nations, can
alone be expected to continue. The undersigned, therefore, is
happy to see in these relations, as well as the justice of her
Majesty's GOvernment and the firmness of his own, the best
reaeen to expect not only au abandonment of the power which
is now asserted, with the whole system of vexatious interrup-
tion and surveillance to which the vessels and commerce of the
United States have been subjected, but the future relations of
the two' countries placed upon the solid foundation of mutual
interest and comity, and a more enlarged and liberal policy.
These are the views which the undersigned has deemed it
hie:duty to submit to Lord Aberdeen's consideration, upon the
doctrinei contained in Lord Palmerston's note, of a character
so new and alarming to national sovereignty and sensibility,
and the friendly relations of the two countries. He has pre-
sented them with the frankness and earnestness which their im-
portance merited, and with the high respect due to her Ma-
jesty's Government. He has, therefore, no other duty now to
perform than to transmit copies of Lord Palmerston's commu-
nications to his Government, and to protest, in the most solemn
manner, against their doctrines, as alike inconsistent with the
principles of public law, with the rights and sovereignty of the
United States, and with that sense of justice and right which
belongs it) the British nation.
The undersigned prays Lord Aberdeen to accept assurances
of his high consideration and respect. A. STEVENSON.
To the Right Hon. the Earl of Aberdeen.
(To be continued.)

LOVE AND MURDER.
(FRO)I A CORRESPONDENT.)

MANSFIELD. DEC. 31.—The present season seems to
be peculiarly rife with crime of an appalling cast, for
scarcely a day passes without the report of some addi-
tional horror. On Friday night last the quiet town of
Mansfield, in Nottinghamshire, became the scene of a
domestic tragedy of a shocking character. A young
man, called Samuel Moore, which, however, is said not
to be his real name, who was paying his addresses to a
girl named Mary Hallam, in a frenzy of jealousy, cut
her throat in a dreadful manner, and she immediately
died of the wounds.
The man is about 23 years of age, and is a shoemaker
by trade, being a good workman at his craft, and the
girl was 19, and a dressmaker. Moore is not a native
of Mansfield, but has lived there about three years,
working for a respectable shoemaker, and having lodg-
ings in the tow n. On the evening of Friday he made
an appointment with the girl to meet him at eight o'clock.
They met, and he induced her to accompany him to the
shop in which he worked, a small tenement he rented
for the purpose near his lodgings, lie conversed with
her on the subject of other young men following her,
expressing his wishes that she would give them up and
devote herself to him. She, however, said she would
,not, and becoming excited, he committed the dreadful
nit which cost the life of the girl, and sacrificed his own
to the offended laws. Ile afterwards went to bed at his
lodgings ; but thu unhappy parents of the girl, after
long, search on missing her, having found her body, he
was arrested, and he then made a full confession of his
The body awaits the Coroner's inquest, which is
to be held this day (Saturday).
Moore is a young man of steady habits, and respect-
:4l)lg character; and the girl was good-looking, and also
respectable.

The readers of this paper, who may be afflicted
with Rheumatism or Gout, will tind important informa-
tion relative to its cure, by perusing Bell's Life in Lon-
lon. published Jan. 2, 1842.
THE ROYAL EXCHANGE.—The amphitheatre
or pavillion, to be erected on the occasion of laying the
first stone of the new Royal Exchange by Prince Albert,
and de&Tibetl in the Times of Thursday, will be nearly
300 feet in circumference, 62 feet high in the centre, and
contain seats for 1,200 visitors. These seats will rise
trom a platform 40 feet in diameter, of a circular form,
fo increase by ten concentric rows of sittings to the dia-
meter of 100 feet. This enormous space will be roofed
with canvass, lined with scarlet and white drapery, so
as to have the appearance of a beautiful round tent of
vast dimensions, supported by a pillar in the centre, and
we understand Mr. BenjaminEdgington, of N 0.2, Duke-
street, Southwark, is now preparing it. Under his
suprintendence, with his well-known experience and
capabilities, there is every guarantee for its being securely
done, and erected in the very first style.
Ihe New York Morning Herald contains an
account of another American vessel having been boarded
and overhauled by a British craizer at Galenas. A ves-
sel called the William had arrived at the above port,
when she was boarded by her Majesty's brig Dolphin,
and permittod to go at liberty again. The same paper
contains an extract from a letter dated Havanna!), which
says---" A serious affair has just commenced in the
neighourhooti of Matanzas. It appears that the English
Conant went a few days since to a plantation situated
near that town and attempted to obtain the emancipation
of all the slaves belonging to a planter who had arrived
from Jamaica. Ills seditious cuunaels might have occa-
aione:l a general revolt among the coloured population
of that place. As. soon as the commander of Matanzas
obtah: in bo,rniaon of this occurrence he arrested the
Consul, and sent him back here escorted by soldiers un-
der .the order of the Government. 'We do not know
what will be the result of this atl'air."

RAILWAY ACCIDENT IN FRANCE.—The
Journal de l Eure, of the 24th instant, states, that in
conFAttence of u bank of earth havinc, given way at
Tourville, where the engineers of the Faris and Rouen
Railroad were constructing a tunnel, five labourers were
cut off from all communication with the exterior. In
order to extricate them, it was found necessary to dig
through a bank of bard gravel to the depth of thirty
feet. In less than fourteen hours this operation was
completed ; and, thanks to the coolness and intrepidity
displayed by Mr. Jones, the English engineer, the five
men wei c saved.

MR. LAING'S NEW WORK.
This day is published, in 1 vol. Bvo., price 16s: cloth lettered,
NOTES of a TRVELLER on the
SOCIAL and POLITICAL STATE of FRANCE,
PRUSSIA, SWITZERLAND, ITALY, and other Parts
of Europe, during the present Century. By SAMUEL
LAING, Esq. Author of " A Journal of a Three Years' Re-
sidence is Norway," and of " A Tour in Sweden."
London Longman, Brown, and Co.

ais EMPEROR of
MAJESTY the
AUSTRIA,
His MAJESTY the EMPEROR of RUSSIA,
His MAJESTY the KING of PRUSSIA,
having AUTHORISED and GUARANTEED several DIS-
TRIBUTIONS of MONEY DIVIDENDS, which (though
they are NO LOTTERIES) offer many possibilities of obtain-
'ng LARGE FORTUNES,
HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH and at
LUBECK,
Are now SELLING ORIGINAL BONDS for the saidDlS-
ritißurlONS.

Persons desirous to purchase for the Next Distributions
Inv re:eive. PREVIOUS to giving any orders, the PRO-
SPECTUS 'and PARTICULARS, upon addressing a line to
HEINE BROTHERS.
The NEXT AUSTRIAN DISTRIBUTION contains DI-
VIDENDS of
£25,000 £6OO £llO £7O
5,000 400 100 60
1,500 200 9() 50
1,000 150 80 Sterling.
800 120
HEINE BROTHERS having remitted during a short time
25,0001., 18,000/., 9,000/, 5,0001., 3,600/., &c. &c. lee., to
Londoa ; 3,600/., 800/., and 7001., to Edinburgh ; 3,6001. to
Dublin; 3,6001. to Beverley; 3,600/. to Halifax (Yorkshire);
1,200/. to Portleaven Harbour; 9001., 700/. and 600/. to Li-
verpool; 900/. to Newcastle-upon-Tyne; 900/. to Hull;
9001. and 600/. to Manchester ; 700/. to East Retford (Not-
tinghamshire); 600/. to Bideford ; 6001. to Cork ; 600/. to
Bradford ; they shall feel glad to remit many Dividends of
the next Distribution to England, Ireland, and Scotland.
Direct for Prospectus and Particulars, it ithout delay, either
to HEINE BROTHERS, at HAMBURGH,
or to HEINE BROTHERS, at LUBECK.

THEATRE ROYAL, DRURY-LANE.
THIS EVENING, JAN. 1,
When Her Majesty's Servants will perform the Comedy of
EVERY ONE HAS HIS FAULT.--Lord Norland, Mr.
Phelps ; Harmony, Mr. Macready ; Mr. Placid, Mr. Keeley ;
Edward, Miss Vining ; Lady Eleanor Mrs. Warner ;
Mrs. Placid, Mrs. Keeley.
After which will be repeated the New Christmas Pantomime,
caged HARLEQUIN AND DUKE HUMPHREY'S DIN-
NER ; OR, JACK CADE, THE LORD OF LONDON
STONE.
Doors to be opened at Half. past Six, and the Performance
to begin at Seven o'clock. Boxes 55., Second Price, 2s. 6d.
Pit 35., Second Price 2.5. Lower Gallery Is. 6d., Second
Price Is. Upper Gallery Is., Second Price 6d.