The Sun.
London, England, 1842-08-16 00:00:00

ts-‘ll7;bit

LONDON :
• TUESD.4.Y MORNING: AUGUST 16. 1842.
No longer ago than lon Wednesday last, the House
of Commons resounded with the loud and prolonged
cheeis;•*first of the Whigs; and afterwards of the To-
ries, as their respective champions planted a telling
blow on the sides of their opponents.. All the Press
was interested on the following day with the masterly
though merely factious orations of Lord PALMERSTON
and Sir It. PEEL, and commented on them, and pro-
mised'to make them the text of many a lengthy leader.
Monday came, and the two great speeches seemed to be
already forgotten. The outstand of the operatives in
the manufacturing districts, the alarming fact of an
insurrection requiring to be met with troops and can-
non, and which at once stopped, though it may be,
we hope, but for a moment, the welling source of Bri-
tain's wealth, has consigned almost to com-
plete oblivion the speeches which those great masters
of oratory no doubt supposed were to live for ever. We
are not aware that we can by any means represent
more forcibly to the imagination the immense impor-
tance of the movement, temporary as we hope it is, in
the manufacturing districts, than by the fact that it
has almost driven out of the public mind, as if they
had never been uttered, these two masterlyspeeches of,
two of England's greatest. statesmen.
We are not, therefore, of those who would treat
the great social insurrection of the North--for it is
more an insurrection against the usages and practices
of society than against any positive enactment—as a
trifling matter. Whether the present eruption be
sooner or later suppressed, the continual apprehen-
sions which have been entertained for months, and
even years, of some such movement—the length of
time such a thing has been talked about--the warn-
ings
that have been given concerning it—all conspire
to slams that it takes its rise from some deep-seated and '
permanent. cause, which is not to be eradicated, !
though the. symptoms may be alleviated, by the ordi-
nary political remedies of imprisonment, banishment,
and death. The benevolent, though, we think, mis,
directed exertions of Lord ASHLEY and the inquiries
of the Mine Commissioners—the researches of the
Secretary of the Poor-law Commission—the sta-
tistical inquiries of scores of intelligent gentle-
men, all converge to one point, and show a great
mass of persons living in Great Britain . in
close and daily communication with one another,
almostcut of from all sympathy with the classes above
them, andhaving for the staple of their converse their
own misery and suffering, and the hardships and op-
pressions they endure from those above them. It is
the existence everywhere in society of great masses
of men so circumstanced—with no respect for the law,
with a dislike of their superiors, living in the world,
as it .iS said,' without Gem—though they have an
abundance of priests—and liable to be influenced by
the:iaiellinations of ambitious • demagogues to their
owii purposes, which makes the social insurrection in
the North, .though it may, piThaps, be easily put
down at present by the strong hand, a subject . to us
Of niolnentous importance. It is not to be trifled
With; nor can it be effectually cured by communication
with/ the Horse Guards, or by any irecedent to be
found on that file which Sir IL PEEL will, probably,
exclusively consult.
He, and the great majority of the middle classes,
rely on the law, and follow its commands ; but when
he and they persisted in divorcing the law from
justice, they robbed it of more than half its power.
Of itser, the law is a mere piece of spoiled parch-
ment, and it owes its vitality to public opinion.
NOw, there is one great branch of the law peculiarly
affecting. the districts and the population at present
distu;•bed, -which has been—whether justly or not is
besi'?.,> the present question—denounced by a great num -
'her 07 the middle classes, by intelligent ministers of
religion,:hy the great body of the - Press, as an
iniquitous law. It has been held up in sermons, pam-
phlets; newspapers, and speeches, as equally a violation of
.the.aevealed commands of GOD and natural justice. A
~.
deepirupression has been made on the public mind, and
law. in that instance, has become synonymous with
.rn:Wice. To be effective it should be supported by the
,intellgent people as well as the Ministers and the
army ; but throughout the districts where the dis-
eturbance prevails, the law is considered to be the
'cause of distress, of discontent, and of insurrection:
''There the' lily will be deprived of its power. Accord-
, ingly We hear with regret, but no surprise, that
several of the nhillowners of Manchester continue to pay
~ ,idiein cls i... that in Leeds many of the middle
r a
Ai fairrectionista go, speed ; that in
_',' .1 t:- ,:. ,tr e fieely
.contribitecl to the sup,
p4;:iiO4 •iti-' .1:;,.;, e',4,i.(4- at in Scotland'. Many 'of . them
;otiisii•ie ..:
' .4146.-k ;, , . " : • 1 i voree.,l from j ustice, has lost its
r se who. rely-on -ii to. cure this .
. ,
~.
.trir 11. ' egreFiously deceived.
!,qr, t T' t, secuig the "reliance which

our, rulers and public writers still place on •
this broken staff, we should be filled with
despair, if we did not notice a striking symptom of
change and coming improvement. The Press is
taking the station which is due to it. Differing essen-
tially from the Writers in the Times, the Herald,- and
the Post, we at the same time see with satisfaction
that, casting off the trammels of party, or rather of
factiOn, as The San has done before them, each of those
journals is pursuing an independent course. They
one and all refuse to be the tools of any statesman.
Not one of them is a reelite. They think for
themselves. That is a healthy symptom. They will
soon get over caste prejudices, and prejudices of a by-
gone age, and look fearlessly at the present condition
of society. They will seek a remedy in things not
in words ; they will look to facts, not to precedents, to
reason not prescription, which is only the reason of
a more ignorant age. They will soon see, and soon
lead the public to see, that our country cannot be
successfully governed, by the sword, and they
must; in common with all reflecting men, aid
in_ putting down violence of all kinds, and in
restoring, amongst the different classes, that love and
respect li)r one another, and that confidence in the
law, by making it just, without which England can-
not be either great or flourishing. We dare not
hope for a speedy and happy conclusion to the pre-
sent difficulties, but we should wholly despair if it
were not that the Press is casting off its party
shackles, and is struggling to ascertain, freely and
unfettered, what is really for the public welfare.

As it is palpable that the greater part of the social
phenomena, whether for good or evil, depend on the
number of the people, Wand the relation they bear to
the space at their command and the means of subsis-
tence, it is also palpable that those who undertake to
limit and regulate the supply of food, must, at the
'same time, take measures for proportioning to that
the amount of the population. We are not at all
surprised, therefore, to find the landowners, who re-
striet the people to a limited space for obtaining their
f 06,1, also taking measures. to prevent the increase of
people. It is certainly more humane to prevent
births, if they-.can, than cause deaths, and we there-
fore are' inclined to characterise as consistent
thu following, circular, from Lord FRANCIS
EGERTON'S head steward, which has been sent, says
the Manchester Timex, to the tenants on the Bridge-
water estate :

" Worsley' July 30th, 1842.
" The evils which an over-crowded population entails
upon the poorer classes of society make it necessary to
consider in what manner this may, with the most ease,
and with the least interference with their comforts, be
diminished gradually, and finally removed alto-
gether. There can be no doubt that early and ill-
considered marriages between very young persons is
one great. cause of these evils. Marriages contracted
without forethought, and without any consideration
as so the means of future support and maintenance
of children. Such marriages should be discouraged
for the sake of the individuals themselves, as
well as for that of their parents and neighbours.
Such marriages, receive great encouragement upon the
Bridgewater Estate, from the parties being permitted to
reside in their parents' dwellings after marriage, thereby
producing other serious evils and inconvenience. It is.
titrefore, hereby intimated, that after the Ist day of
Ot;:ober next, no cottage tenant shall permit any newly-
married son or (laughter to 'take up their residence in
their house, without leave in writing from Mr. Fereday
Smith, er Mr. Robert Lansdale, as the case may be, 'or
the tenant himself will be put under notice. Mr..Lans-
dale will fill up any cottage now vacant from those cot-
sages which contain more than one family, taking great
care that the vacancy thus made shall not be filled up by
an extra family or lodger. JAMES LOCH."

The gentlemen of England must either watch over
the breeding of the people as they do the breeding of
their cattle, or they must abstain from meddling with
their food and trade. We cannot think that they will
find any encouragement to do this in the state of
society, as in Russia, in parts of Sweden, and parts of
Germany where such a principle has been acted on.
Society in those countries is not so energetic, civilized,
and moral, that the gentlemen of England can look for
any great reward for taking on themselves this extra-
ordinary trouble. It is no doubt a vast, if not a noble
ambition, to regulate the number of people within any
given space, and, by a nice adaptation of mouths to
food, promote the improvement of mankind ; but
remembering how Lancashire was peopled a century
ago, and that no perso*earned of its present popula-
tion, we infer that for ch ambition to be wise it re-1
quircs that it be directed by the prescience of a God.

The important decision given by the House of
Lords in the Auchterarder case, has set at rest the
main question, which has agitated the Church of
Scotland for the last seven years. Even the dominant
party must admit that there is no alternative now but
to obey the law. The question had received the most
deliberate consideration in the Supreme Law Court
of Scotland, and a unanimous judgment was given
against the defendants. It had been twice argued in
the House of Lords ; counsel, well acquainted with all
the merits of the case, were heard for several days ;
and four of the most eminent lawyers of the
day, Lord LyNnutaisT, Lord BaouGuAm, Lord
COTTEN HAM, and Lord CAMPBELL, also came
to a unanimous decision that the Presbytery, or,
rather, the General Assembly, for the majority of
the Presbytery acted under its sanction, had wilfully
disobeyed the law of the land, and must take the con-
sequences. There was no political feeling to sway
the minds of the Judges in this case, as, fortunately,
they belonged to both parties in the State—nay, the
majority of them were Whigs, a class of politicians
naturally disposed to view the claims of the people in
a favourable light, and for more than a century al-
most identified with that portion of the Scotch
Church which has from its commencement been
opposed to patronage. In addition to these facts,
the appellants cannot now have recourse to
any higher authority than the Supreme
Court of Law, as well as equity, the House of Lords,
for by appealing to that Court from the Court of
Session, they at once admitted its authority, and if
they are not utterly destitute of common sense as well
as common honesty, must abide by its decision. We
cannot, therefore, conceive any judgment more enti-
tled to respect, whether we consider the long and
solani deliberation on which it was founded, the
ability and honesty of the Judges, or the voluntary
appeal of the parties themselves to the highest tri-
bunal of the country. The next step will Fe to remit
the case to the Court below, which, of course, will
send it before a Jury for the assessment of damages;
and however much Mr. YOUNG, the presentee, may
have suffered, both as regards his pecuniary
interest, his public character, and his long
exclusion from the sacred office of the ministry,
we believe nothing like vindictive damages will be
required. He has gained a peaceful victory, and, if
found duly qualified, will be at once admitted into
the bosom of the Church. It cannot be denied that
that portion of the Church to which he belongs, have,
during-the whole of this unseemly contest, displayed
great moderation, that they have ever yielded respect
and obedience to the Ecclesiastical Courts, when act-
ing in conformity with the principles of that law from
which the Church of Scotland derives its existence ;
and that there is every probability when they have
acquired their rights, they will use them
with moderation and Christian charity. The
other party, we trust, will act in the same
spirit. They cannot fail to see the vast injury
they have done, not only to the Church, but to the
cause of religion in Scotland. They cannot carry on
the contest with any hope of success against' law and
justice, and, we may add, against the repeatedly eX-
pressed opinions of both Houses of Parliament ; and if.
they wish, as they pray, for the peace of Zion, they
will imitate the example of their great Master, sub-
mit to the powers that be, and dwell with their bre-
thren in unity. This would give unmingled satisfac-
tion to the true friends of the Presbyterian Church.
We have taken great interest in this affair from the
commencement, and have invariably opposed the
Veto Act, because we saw •it was impracticable,
and calculated to throw into confusion the most
beautiful and useful Church establishment ever known
in Christendom. We opposed it from our respect
and attachment to that Church, and the endless (Hsi-
sioni, it- has -caused ; the depositions of venerable
clergymen to an extent. hitherto unknown, and the
complete anarchy which now prevails in every Kirk
Session*, Presbytery- and Synod, bear ample and me•:,
lancholy testimony to the sincerity with which ire
denounced the dangerous scheme of Lord Moisenitrr
and Dr. CIIAIALRB,.
,We trust they will learn wis-
dom by experience, ;and . now endeavour to make
atonement 'for their errors, and heal the breach which
has caused such distress to the religious pwple of
Scotland.

From the Iffiest advices from the Mining and manu-
facturing districts, we gather that the disturbances

still continue to spread—and to spread with a speed,
and to an extent, that demand the utmost prompti-
tude and energy on the part of Government. r This
vigour, ranch to their praise be it said, Ministers
seem actively bent on exerting; and we are
not without strong hopes, therefore, notwithstanding
present appearances in the , disturbed districts,
that their exertions will be crowned with
success. As regards those misguided operatives who
still persevere in th :ir lawless and tumultuous pro-
ceedings, we would exhort them seriously to pause and
consider whether they are not, by their intemperate
course of conduct, removing themselves still further
than ever from the chance of obtaining redress of their
grievances, and perilling the cause which they profess
to have so much at heart. If they imagine that, by
their present exhibitions, they are displaying their for-
midable strength, we can assure them that they are
wholly in error ; for they are showing rather what they
cannot do, than what they can do. They have power and
they have influence, and they can make that power and
that influence felt in the Legislature (notwithstanding
the vast number of monopolists there arrayed against
them) so long as they maintain a firm and peaceable
demeanour; but the instant they abandon this pru-
denEial line of conduct, and have recourse, as at pre-
sent, to illegal acts, their influence diminishes ; they
multiply enemies, and compel those to stand aloof;
who would fain be their most active friends and sup-
porters. The report now goes that they are agi-
tating for the Charter. Do they hope to gain that
Charter by showing, to the satisfaction of all parties,
how unfit they are to be entrusted with fur-
ther lower? To obtain just privileges, by
ha% lug recourse tci unjust acts? We conjure them to
weigh well their present position, and more especially
to consider what a blight they are' casting over their
prospects—what misery they are heaping up for them-
seive, and those who are dependent on them, by the
ill-judged course they are now pursuing.

We have received the whole of-the Trench. Papers.
They state that some s had taken place in the
Bureaux on the Regency in general it firids fa-
vour, even with M. TRIERS. M. ODILLON BARROT
also will vote for it as it has been propOsed by the Mi-
nisters. It was, however, still reported that some De-
puties, and M. DE LA MARTINE is mentioned as one,
would endeavour to substitute the name of the
thichess of ORLEANS for that of the Duke de
NEMOURS. Such an attempt can only cause a little.
irritation, and must end in the disappointment of the
ambitious poet, who is quite misplaced as a politician.

Both on Friday and gaturday:there was aconsider-
able fall in the price of Spanish, on the Paris Ex-
change, in consequence, as it is said, of the increasing
difficulties of the Spanish Treasury.
The Journal des Debats discusses, at considerable
length, the failure of our West India Mail Packet
Company, and indulges a hope that a French Coin-
pany, which is about to be formed for a similar pur-
pose, will succeed. The Parisian Journalist is obviously
very ignorant of the cause of failure-here, and if he knew
it, he Fould find in it no discouragement for the
French undertaking. We see no reason why both
the French and the English Companies may not
ultimately succeed.
The following are brief extracts

PARIS, AUG. 13.—A letter from Carraccas of June 11
anno,inees the death of M. de la Falun, Consul-General
and Charge d'Affaires of France to the Republic of Cen-
tral America.- lie died at La Guayra, where be was to
have embarked for Europe.
A cotton-factory at Fontaine Guerard (Seine Infe-
rieure), belonging M. Levavasseur, was burnt down on
Tuesday night. The loss is estimated at 400,000 francs.
Tile building was not insured. "
A fire broke out on the 3d instant in the presbytery
of the village of Aresches, near Satins, and in an hour
ten houses were burnt down. The loss is estimated at
80,000 francs.

A letter from Madrid of the 6th instant says :—" The
Government is now engaged in the organisation of the
Custom-house officers as military bodies. This project
is attributed to General Rodil, who in the time of
Ferdinand VII. was Inspector-General of the corr. of
Custom-house officers, organised as military, by the name
of carbineers of the coasts and the frontiers.

The commercial treaty between England and Portugal
has caused a great sensation in SFain. It is_ feared that
smuggling will daily increase.
A letter of the 6th from the frontiers of Catalonia,
published in the Phare,fies Pyrennees, has the following
new ;
! e ornpany of the 2d Regiment of Light Infantry.
La ;genera, having been informed that an
‘lllerned band had violated the French territory, went in
pursuit of it ; twenty-four men and five officers fell into
the hands of our soldiers : one of the first was Jailed;
twenty-seven muskets or blunderbusses were taken.
"The gendarmes, assisted by a detachment-of the
25th Regiment of Light Infantry, yesterday arrested 11
Cerlists at Villeroga, beyond St. Laurent de Cordano;
among them are, Planas. their chief, and three brothers.
and a nephew of Felip. No arms were found on them."
—Le Commerce, Aug. 13.
BOURSE—PARIS, SATURDAY, AUG. 13.
First Highest Lowest Last
Price. Price. Price. Price.
French 5 per Cents.— 119 35... 119 40... 119 30... 119 35
4 per Cents 101 75... 101 75... 101 75... 101 75
3 per Cents 78 65... 78 65... 78 55... 78 60
Bank of France 3250 ...3250 ...3250 .. 3250
Laffitte Bank I,ooof 1027 50 ..1027 50...1 027 50...1027 50
Belgian Bank 775 ... 775 ... 775 ... 775
Belgian Fives 1840 lO2/ ... 104 ... 1021 ... 102
Spanish Active 2ll ... 22 ... 211 ... 21/
Passive
Neapolitan... lO5 40... 105 40... 105 40... 105 4()
Roman ......... 1041 ... 105 ... 1041 ... 1041
RAILWAY SHARES

Versailles, L.B ... 90 ... 91 25... 90 91 25
Rouen .... 522 50... 522 50... 522 50... 522 50
Orleans. 560 ... 560 ... 560 ... 560
Strasburg to Bale 2Ol 25... 201 25... 200 200

TO THE RIGHT HON. SIR ROBERT

PEEL

SUNDAY EVFNING, AUGUST 14, 1842.
Stu RonEßT,—While out this evening, I acciden-
tally passed a portion of the Birmingham Railway,
where, observing an unusual number of people looking
over the wall, I inquired the reason, and had for
answer, " The soldiers are coming." I stopped with
the others to see " the soldiers." In a few minutes
a noise was heard somewhat between a rumble and a
rattle. The train slowly approached—it had, not
fairly started. Some of the poor soldiers had their
caps out, attempting to cheer. Oh ! it was a miser-
able attempt !! In what manner, think you, Sir
Robert, were your helpless minions received I was
attentively watching. The male spectators hissed and
spit at them ' • the females were in tears ; one of the
latter turned to me, and sobbingly said, " They are
going to shoot the poor starving weavers ; but they can't
help it, they must go, it's all Peel's fault."
When the train and the excitement had passed, all
seemed to concur in the idea that the soldiers were not
in fault, but that the blame and the blood would rest
at the door of the man to whom the emolument of
office was as nothing, the man who was content to
"do the state some service," having in return the
hallow of an " honest fame." God Forbid that ever
I should have such honest fame attached to my name.
Honest!!! Here is a specimen of yotir honesty.
I give you, Sir, a statement of the rental of two or
three farms, taken at random from a list which de-
notes the action in a national view.

The farms here alluded to were all let in 1841, and
are situated in the parishes of Dunse, Fogo, and
Chirnside, county of I3erwick.
Previous Re;dtal. Rental in 1341.
First Farm £1,402. 14 8 £2,006 14 0
Second 1,,r,J00 0 0 1,350 0 0

Third
1,660 0 0 2,000 0 0

Total

Total increase £1,393 19 4
Here, Sir, we have an increase of upwards of X 1,393
utich may be
by
in the rental of three farms alone,
taken as a fair average of the rise throughout the
United Kingdom. This I cod prove man
examples ; the farms of the buke of Allftlborough in Wiltshire for one ; but you are aware of the fact.
Now, Sir'Robert, I ask yau, from whence-is thiS-
enhancement of rental derived ? I pay to the baker
and butcher 3s. per tcce'k more than I should have to
do were•the foal not withheld by you ; the baker
and butcher pay this 3S. per .week to the rearers of
corn and cattle; the rearers of cern and cattle then
pay it over to you, and such as you, as a portion of
the 1,3931. advanced , rental. Remember, however,
Sir Robert, while you constrain me to pay this 3s.
per week extra, you not only violate my only pro-
perty (labour), but vou prevent my wife from buying
many a gown and frock -for herself and my dear
children ; those gowns and frocks riot being bought,
spinners and weavers starve, they cry for bread, and
you send them soldiers by the Birmingham Railway.
Sum this up. Filch from such as myself who are
helpless, 3s. pey week, stop the demand for cotton!
&c, starve the spinners and weavers ; render them
desperate, slaughter them, and all fur " honest
fame.". . -Most respectfully,
A •.FIN,MAt 1114: WORKER.