The Sun.
London, England, 1842-10-29 00:00:00

COURT CIRCULAR.

WINDSOR, FRIDAY.—I-Ter Majesty and her Illus-
trious Consort have taken walking exercise twice to-
day,
,in the forenoon ..arid afternoon, on the Castle
Terrace and in the Slopes..and the Home Park.
• Their Royal Highnesses the Prince of Wales and
the Princess Royal have bean taken airings as usual,
accompanied by the I.)owager Lady Lyttelton.
Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of
Cambridge and the Princess Augusta and Mary of
Cambridge, and the Lady and Gentleman in Waiting
on their Royal Highnesses, took their departure this
morning, as did the Hereditary- Grand Duke of
Mecklenburgh Strelitz.
The Marquis of Exeter and the Earl of Dunmore
left the Castle to-day. , -
Viscount and Viscountess Jocelyn arrived on a
visit to her Majesty yesterday. Lady Caroline Cocks
and the Hon. Frances Devereux arrived at the Cast,:
to succeed the Hon. Misses Stanley and Hamilton as
the Maids. of Honour in Waiting on her Majesty.
Her Royal Highness the Duchess of Kent, attended
by Lady Charlotte Dundas, took a drive from Frog-
more Lodge at eleven o'clock this morning, in a car-
riage and four.
His Royal Highness Prince Albert honoured Mr.
Newengham w;th another sitting.
The Royal dinner party at th Castle, this evening,
will consist of her - Majesty the Queen, is Royal
Highness Prince Albert, the Countess orDunmore,
Lady Caroline Cocks, lion. Frances Devereux, Hon.
Mrs. Anson, Viscount and Viscountess Jocelyn,•
Dowager Lady Lyttelton, Viscount Hawarden, Hon.
C. A. Murray, Admiral- Sir Robert Otway, Colonel
Arbuthnot, Major-General Sir Edward Bowater, and
Dr. Prcetorius.

Their Royal Highnesses the Duke and Duchess of
Cambridge, and the Princesses Augusta and Mary of•
Cambridge, accompanied by his Royal Highness the
Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Strelitz;
took leave of her Majesty yesterday, and left Wind-'
sor Castle ; the Duke. proceeding to town, and the
Duchess and Princesses of Cambridge, and the Here-
ditary Grand Duke proceeding toic.ew.
Mr. Dean, Chairman of the Customs, had an inter-
view with the Chancellor of the Exchequer yesterday
at his official residence in Downing-street.
The Brazilian Minister transacted business yester-
day at the Foreign-office.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer left town yester-
day for Hyde, Isle of Wight.
M. For tique, the Venezuelan Minister, transacted
business yesterday at the -Foreign-office.
Dr. Phillimore and family have arrived from the
Baths of Wiesbaden.

THE SCOTTISH REFORMERS OF

1793-4.

The contemplated erection of amonumental column
to the memory of the Scottish Reformers of 1793-4,
Muir, Palmer, Skirving,": Gerald, and Margarot—
men who in the advancement of the early reform mea-
sures, associated their names with those of Fox, Grey,
and Mackintosh—is one ..of those measures which
markS:well the strong and independent sense of the day.
These five strenuous Reformers are well known in
the early history of that great Parliamentary mea-
sure, which has worked out beneficial changes in our
Government policy, but which, nevertheless, is still
too contracted in its limit's, and two narrowed in its
present •aCtion. Bolder advances must still be made.
before the full benefit, .or true spirit of its operation,
will be thoroughly seen in our Constitution, and we
cannot, upon the occasion, now that the question of
erecting a monument in an appropriate site is be-
fore the Marylebone Vestry, do better than adduce
that which occurred upon the trial, not of the whole of
these Reformers, for that would occupy more space
than is at our disposal, but at that of the leader and
principal of the noble-minded men in question, who,
far from holding the principles of Jacobinism, as by
some attributed to them, gloried only in, the ascrip-
tion of being patriotically engaged for the furtherance
of their country's welfare. The trial of Muir alone will
serve as a fair sample and picture of the part 3 acted
by his four co-associates.
The trial of ThOmas Muir, Esq., younger, of
Huntershill, before the High Court of Justiciary at
Edinburgh, took plaCe: on the 30th and 31st days of
August, 1793, on the charge of seditious practices.
The indictments charged him with making sedi-
tious speeches at Kirkintilloch and Campsie, vilifying
the Constitution and King by his advocacy of reform
principles, and inflaming the minds of the people to
rebellion. They also charged him with distributing
seditious books, and. among them Paine, Volney, the
" Paisley Declaration of Rights," and of having read
in the Convention the address from the Society of
United Irishmen in Dublin. •

• The Lord Advocate, in, stating the case after the
examination of witnesses, appears to have been par-
ticularly offensive and unjustified in his remarks. He
designated him as "tainted from head to foot, and as
unworthy to live under the protection of the law as
the meanest felon." Speaking of the shop in which
he used to read Paine, it was there," said the
agent of the Crown, " in that cathedral of sedition,
he sat like a spider, weaving his filthy web to catch
the unwary." Ile was " a wretched outcast,"
" marked with insanity," one " with all the insignia
of sedition around him"—." the pest of Scotland.
Mr. Muir defended. himself. He addressed the
Jury in a solemn and importunate manner on their
duties. He reviewed the evidence of the witnesses
against him, and pointed out the malignity of various
statements, while he boldly confronted others with
the truth. The invective of the Lord Advocate he
put down in the most strenuous manner, and attacked
him also in the following passage, which finely sets
forth the principles of which he was the unflinching
apostle :
" I smile at the charge of sedition. I know for
what I am brought to. this bar : it is foil having
strenuously and actively engaged in the cause of
Parliamentary Reform; for having exerted every
effort, by constitutional measures, to procure an equal
representation of the people, in the house of the
People. Let net the prosecutor skulk in darkness.
Let him come manfully forward, and avow the cause
which has impelled him to bring me here. I will
give you little trouble. I will save you, the Jury,
from the wretched mockery of a trial, the sad neces-
sity of condemning ,a man, when the .cause of his
condemnation must he concealed, and cannot be ex-
plained. Yes, I plead guilty ; I openly, actively, and
sincerely embarked in the cause of a Parliamentary
Reform, in the vindication and in the restoration of
the rights of the people. Nor will I blush to unfold
to you my motives : they are supported by their own
intrinsic strength, but they are likewise held up by
the great and venerable names of the living and the
dead. I contended for an equal representation of
the people, in what I shall ever call the House of the
People, because I considered it as a measure essen-
tially necessary to the salvation of the State, and to
the stability of your boasted Constitution. Wherein,
then, consists the excellency of that time-tried fabric,
cemented by the blood of your fathers, flowing from
the field and from the scaffold? It consists in that
due balance of its three impelling powers, King,
Lords, and Commons : • if one ••of these powers
loses its vigour, if one Of. these powers loses a
shadow of what it ought to be, if it becomes merged
and -absorbed into any of- the other two, your-
Constitution then also. becomes a Flisdow' and is anni-
hilated. And do you not know, and.-does all the
world not know, that if 'anyWhere the proud struc- •
ture of the Constitution has suffered the ravages of time
or corruption, it is in its popular branch? Is it not a
_
fact indisputable, that the representation of the people
is not such as it once
was, and is not such
as, I trust in God, one. day it shall be? The. man,
then, who sounds the alarm, when he discovers the
approach of danger,
who summons all who may be
concerned in its reparation, is surely no enemy to the
country, no foe to the Constitution, because he labours
in its preservation and protection.
" Such were the motives of my conduct. , If I am
guilty, I have in my guilt many associates7—men who
now enjoy the repose of eternity, whom your fathers
admired while living, and to whom you, their chil-
dren, have erected Statues. I have no time to run
over the venerable catalogue, but—"
Mr. Muir here recited . the names of Locke and
Blackstone,
of the latter were not without effect, even in those
in support of his principles. The wonis
days of political bigotry. " This is the spirit of our
Constitution ; not that I assert it is in fact quite so
perfect as I have here endeavoured to describe it,. for,
if any alteration might be wished or. suggested in the
present frame of Parliament, it should be in favour of
•••
a more complete representation of the people. if
Blackstone, then," continuedMr.l\ luir, " wished for
a more equal representation of the people, if he dared
to publish and enforce his wish, and 1 have merely
done the same, where is the difference of our guilt ?"
Mr. Muir adduced stronger instances still. Ile
struck at the early politics of Mr. Pitt and of the
Duke of Richmond, and .asked it' what was patriotism
in them, as Ministers of State, in 1782, ought to be
crime and sedition in 1793?
The following circumstance we introduce here by
way of episode, which, though it formed part of the
trial, does not bear on the main features of the case.
As un interesting portion, wo.have not omitted it
Mr. Muir's own servant, a young woman, had been
brought up in evidence against him. as to wards which
bad passed in his own private house. Solemnly he
cautioned the Court not to allow the dangerous pre-
cedent of giving credibility to-witnesses of this kind,
under accus4tions of this nature. " The crime of

sedition," continued he, " can never be committed in
a private house. It sup-,-oses the highest publicity,
the convocation of many. But if power shall say that
words spoken in an unguarded moment within the
sacred walls of a family amount to this crime, what
will follow ? The meanest of your domestics, who
could hardly approach your presence even in their
menial duties—who (if the expression may be used)
to the members of a family are almost unknown—
these, these—the meanest and the lowest—will be
brought.torward to swear away your reputation and
your life. And such is this witness, who is adduced
against me with such parade. 0; beware how you
sanctify the shameful proceeding. It is not me you
wound alone, but you destroy the confidence which
subsisted between man and man ; you lead, by your
own hands, to the firesides of your children and your
dearest relations, the fiends of suspicion and danger ;
nni ye for ever put an end to that reciprocity of com-
nmication which enlivens and endears domestic
society."

Mr: Muir, to fortify the arguments which he openly
avowed as having advanced, recommending the pay-
ment of Members as in former times—Members of
Parliament to have thirty or forty shillings a day for
their attendance—to be honest men and to keep the
Constltution clear—continued as follows :

"Who does not know, that until a very late period
indeed, when corruption glided in, and tainted and
poisoned the whole, Members of Parliament received
their wages from the hands of the people alone ? 01
how I speak it with joy when I view the past; with
sorrow, when I contemplate the present: they would
have scorned to have received the price of their at-
tendance from any other hands than the hands of the
people. Then the Constitution possessed all its ener-
gies. Then towered the Constitution in the strength of
age,. but also with the bloom of youth. The people
delegated none but men whose virtues they knew and
none but men who possessed public virtues could be
found to undertake the important mission. Look
back, I intreat you, to the great and good men
whom English history records. Turn your eyes to
the Hampdens, to' the Sydneys, to the Marvilles of
former times : to those men whom—but I stop: they
received their wages directly from the people. I de-
clare to you—if it be sedition I declare it--that we
never can expect a virtuous House of Commons, a
Constitutional House of Commons, a House of Com-
mons, such as it once was, connected with no other
interest than the interest of the people—until such
time as its Members shall receive a compensation for
their attendance from the people, and from no other
quarter—be entitled to no other reward than the ap-
probation of their own minds, and the applauses of
their fellow-citizens, of whom they will have been:the
undaunted, uncorrupted defenders."
This splendid defence, however, was unavailing.
Judges and Jury were alike afraid of these new doc-
trines ; a verdict of guilty was returned, and the vic-
tims were sentenced to transportation. Muir, by
some strange incident, escaped the sentence, the
vessel in which he was embarked as a convict having
been captured by the French, and, after various ad-
ventures, we believe he spent his last days in,France.
Most of the others died in exile, only one surviving
the period of banishment, and returning to his native
country.
Can the Liberal vestry of Marylebone hesitate.in
coming to a decisive resolution, which shall do honour
to these primitive Reformers, and show theirgratitude
for the Constitutional privileges which they now enjoy ?

RE-MEASUREMENT OF VESSELS AT
MEXICO.
The following has been received at Lloyd's :
" Office of Committee of Privy
" Council for Trade, Whitehall, Oct. 24.

" Sir,---I am directed by the 'Lords of the Com-
mittee of Privy Council for Trade to transmit to you,
for the information of the Committee at Lloyd's, the
enclosed translation of a Decree lately issued by the
Mexican Government, introducing a new method of
ascertaining the tonnage of vessels for payment of duty.
" I am, Sir, your obedient Servant,
(Signed) " J. MACGREGOR.
" To Wm. Dobson, Esq., Secretary of Lloyd's."
[TRANSLATION.]
" His Excellency the Provisional President of the
Republic has been•pleased to issue the following de-
cree :

"Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, General of Divi-
sion, Veremerito de la Patria, and Provisional Presi-
dent of the Mexican Republic, to all its inhabitants.
Know ye,
" That having observed the inaccuracy of the me-
thod established by the circular of the 21st October,
1826, for the admeasurement of merchant vessels,
whereby the result of the calculati m of tonnage gave
a smaller number of tons than the vessels actually
measured, the national exchequer thus failing to re-
ceive the dues legitimately belonging to it, in conse-
quence of the excess of the divisor assigned in that
circular, in order to remedy this error, and by virtue
of the powers granted to me by the seventh article of
the basis agreed upon at Tacubaga, and sworn to by
the Representatives of the Departments,
" I have thought fit to decree as follows :
" Art. 1. From the date'of the publication of this
,decree the captains of all the ports of the two seas of,
the Republic, shall observe the admeasurenu nt of
merchant vessels the following rules, having reference
to the measures of Burgos .--
" Take half the sum of the length upon .the deck,
and the keel, multip ied by three-fourths the beam,
and half the floor, multiply this product by- half th?,
depth of hold, divide the result by 41,078, and the
quotient will give the number of tons on which duty
is to be taken, on the hypothesis:that the linear pro-
portion of the Paris foot to that of Burgos is as seven,
to six, and of tl:e English foot ti that of Burgos as 12
to 10.97.

" Art. 2. The measurement of the vessels if to be
taken from inside to inside of the timbers.

" Art. 3. Th.; captains of the ports shall be respon-
sible for the due execution of this decree.

(Signed) " A. LOPEZ DE SANTA ANNA.
" JOSE MARIA TORNEL,
" Ministro de Guerra y Marina.
" Mexico, July 1, 1842."
VESSELS SPOKEN WlTH.—Trident, bound to Ha-
vannah, September 3. lat. 23 N., lon. 64 W. ; Earl
Bathurst, Oporto to Hamburgh, Oct. 18, lat. 46, lon.
10, by the Argus, arrived in the Gironde. Actif, Rio
to Havre, lat. 30 N., lon. 38 W. ; Ziememo, Batavia
to Australia, same time, by the Catharina, arrived at
Cowes. Mincarto, Smyrna to Liverpool. 19th inst.;
Stanhope, of Jersey, out 24 days, from Liverpool, 22d,
in the Channel of Malta, bound to the Black Sea, by
the Saucy Lass, arrived at Dartmouth. Larch, Li-
verpool to Bay Chaleur, 29th ult., lat. 47, lon. 42, by
the Chieftain, arrived at Milford. England, Quebec,
to Liverpool, 6th inst., lat. 51, lon. 17, by the Sir
Charles Napier, arrived at Milford. Talbot, Liver-
pool to New York, Ist inst., lat. 42, lon. 40, by the
Brigand, arrived at Liverpool.

THE CHARGE OF ARSON AT
LIVERPoOL.
(From the Liverpool Mercury of yesterday.)
The examination of Thomas Henery, the linen-
draper at Liverpool, charged with setting fire to his
house, was concluded before the Magistrates of that
town on Wednesday last. After the whole of the
evidence had been fully gone into,
Mr. RUSHTON said that he had made a series of
inquiries as to the amount of property which the
prisoner was said to have lost, and the result had
convinced him that he had no such property as he
had stated. As a case of circumstantial evidence,
there were many parts of it indicating the greatest
suspicion, and he would not take the responsibility on
himself, but would commit the prisoner for irial.
The prisoner, when asked if he •had anything to
say, replied that he had not at,present..
On the application of the prisoner's solicitor for
admission of bail, the Magistrate said he would take
the matter into consideration.

CATCHnm A. TART AR.—On Saturday evening last,
a certain butcher in this town, not better known for
the whiteness of his apron and the general goodness of
his meat than for the high price which he usually de-
mands, was standing in his shop; when a' man in a
smock-frock accosted him with " Can you cut. me a
beef-steak ?" " Yes," replied the man of suet. The
man then turned over the various joints, and after ask-
ing the price of this and that, the butcher felt his dig-
nity rather insulted by the smock7frock gent., and sig-
nificantly said—" Why don't you buy all in the shop ?"
and gave a wink at his boy. " What r says the other.
" W hlr," repeated the butcher. " don't you buy all in the
shop ? ' " Well," replied tho man, " what de you
want for it ?" The butcher said with a sneer, " you
shall clear the lot for five pounds !" " Agreed,"
said the other, and lifting up his smock frock, pro-
duced a canvass bag from his pocket, counted out five
sovereigns, and emptied the shop of all the meat it
contained, including two gammons of bacon, and the
Contents of the suet drawer, to the amazement of the
butcher and the no less satisfaction of the man, who
conveyed away upwards of ten pounds worth of meat,
which he -afterwards dispos d of at from 2id. to 4d. a
pound amongst the " mobility" who wish they may
have many more such chances of purchasing good
meat at a low price.— Wiltshire Independent.
STRANGE ANOMALY.—The Recorder, in his charge
to the Grand Jury at Salisbury Sessions on Monday
week, stated that, by a charter granted in the year
1612, in the reign of James 1., the Judges of .As:ze
had no power to deliver the gaol belonging to the
city of New Sarum, for the civic authorities therein
mentioned had sole power to try prisoners committed
for offences within their jurisdiction, and that the only
alteration made by the Municipal Corporation Act
was the appointing of a Recorder as sole judge of the
session. The Recorder also stated that Mr. Justice
Wightman, at the Summer Assizes, which were held
at Devizes, had set at liberty one George Holloway,
committed for larceny, when by the said charter he
ought not to have been liber.l9.d.—Wiltddre Inde-
pendent

ttO sol2ottilaii

SUN OFFICE Three o'Clock

We have perused, with great satisfaction, a
small publication entitled " Remarks on our
present Position with Affghanistan and China ;"
and as the author, Mr. ROBERT WISE, of Al-
lonby, a naval officer, who had served for years
in the East, is evidently well acquainted with
ciis subject, and takes a rational and manly view
of our existing relations with these countries, we
shall make no apology for quoting free'y frotn
the work. The information it conveys is the
more valuable, as it is the result of personal .Gb-
scrvation obtained many years ago. and is ma-
tured and strengthened by the remarkable, ope-
rations carried on by the British forces on the
west and east ofour Indian possessions. The author
in early life served on the coast of. China
and India, in his MAJESTY'S Ship Dover, 88 guns,
which was lost in a hurricane at. Madras in 1811;
he afterwards joined the Java expedition, and
was present at the reduction of that island and
the rest of Dutch India. In adverting to the
character of the Affghans, and the probable
cause of our expedition against Caubul, be
throws some light on the mysterious policy of
Lord AUCKLAND, which has hitherto had such
unh)rtunute results. The Affghans he describes
as a nation of freebooters and man-stealers, who
consider it a merit to conquer and rob every
country and every nation which is not Maho-
medan—to massacre the inhabitants in Cold
blood, or forcibly convert them to the
Mahomedan religion, and afterwards sell them
as slaves. No treaty will be considered
binding on their part, unless we retain fortresses
and keep troops in the country sufficient to com-
pel them at all times to fulfil their engage--
ments. "In proof of these assertions," he adds,
"I need. only,refbr, in the first place, to the re-
peated instances of attempts made by the ances-
tors of SHAH SOOJAH, POST MAHOMED, and the
Affg-han tribes; to invade India, within the last
century, and the awful devaStation anddesola-
Lion which they committed on the peaceable and
unoffending Hindoos on the east banks of the
Indus, and to a considerable extent in the in-
terior of Hindustan, Secondly. to the repeated
breaches of faith which one head chief of their
own tribes committed towards that of another,
accompanied with the most savage cruelties.
Thirdly, to the perfidious murder of Colonel
Burtiss and our Envoy, and the breaches of faith
and awful cruelties exercised by the present
generation of Affghans on our helpless forces,
in their late return from Caubul towards India,
under treaty of safe conduct." He attributes
their late daring and treacherous conduct to
their contempt for the Hiudoos, acquiied in
their repeated and successful invasions of India,
and adduces this as a reason why Indian-
born troops do not strike that terror into
the Affghans which an army of less than
one quarter of the number would do,
consisting of strong and hardy British troops.
In place, therefore, of keeping up such a large
Indian .force, he proposes that troops should be
conveyed_direct from England to the mouth of
the Indus, and thence, by steam-boats, up that
river to Kalabagh, a distance of I,AOO
We like the spirit of the following extract, which
forms such a contrast to the reported policy of
Lord ELLENBOROUGH, and the advice of those
timid-Englishmen who,. like cowards, would put
with the most atrocious indignities ever in-
flicted by barbarians, strengthen the hands of
our enemies in that qthirter, and 'cause the ut-
most indignation; not only in the British army,
but among the 'vast-- Indian population under
British sway. Here is the advice of a true British
sailor:—

It appears imperative on us to read the Affghans
such a lesson as never will be forgotten, and to settle
the matter at once and for ever, as regards our power
to hold such control over them as Government may
deem fit, for the ultimate security of Britain. After
completely subduing the different tribes in Afghan-
istan, if a few of the naturally strong points and -.for-
tifications-were held by us permanently, and garri-
soned by European troops (at least in the more ele-
'vated part of the country), and these troops were able
to'act-at all seasons of the year, it would tend much
to the restraint of the Affghan population. The -en
terpriseof the,British merchants, under such arrange-
ment and protection, will pioneer the -way for - the
introduction of civil and religious liberty, which at
present is making rapid progress in our East India
possessions. Nothing Gut our occupying the strong-
holds—the Gibraltars and-Maltas of Ailkhanistan—
and making them equally formidable, will convince'
the Affghans that it is utterly out of their yower
successfully to. oppose us, even were they assisted by
any other Power or Powers whatever.

Mr. WISE concludes his remarks on this subject
in these Words, in which we fully concur, only re-
gretting that the C-i•,reat Duke was so unfiiri a-
nate in his choice of a Governor-General :

It is fortunate for this country that the life 'of his
Grace, the Duke'of Wellington, has been spared, . till
the occasion • has, arisen fur taking decisive steps in
these momelitous questions.
Or the dispute with China lie takes the satire
judicious and practical view ; and, on cou.:,iderizig
the question in all its bearings, he anticipate; that
the war, if conducted with energy, Ilia ulti-
mately produce a solid peace, highly beneficial
to Great Britain, to British India, and to China
itself. As we have frequently contended, one
great . obj'ect should ever be kept in view in
the settlement of our disputes with China,
namely,---the opening •of commercial relations
with that country, and thereby affording employ-
ment to our cotton, woollen, and hardware ma.
nufacturers. The trade to China is capable of
great extension, and if we can succeed in open-
ing up a more tree intercourse with the north-
eastern parts of the empire, the manuflictured
woollens and cottons of Yorkshire and
Laricashire could be sold there, to pay a fair
profit, at a price one-third less than the Chinese
can produce such articles. We should thus
secure the clothing of many millions of people,
give new life to the mercantile navy, and carry
on a trade with the vast regions and islands in
the East, which would greatly counterbalance the
injury done by the six new tariffs. For thispurpose
Mr. WISE proposes that a few free depots should
be established along the sea coast, on the Ino7
montories of the mainland,. and more espe-
cially on the banks of the great artery of
China, the river Yangtse Kiang, on the prin-
ciple adopted at Singapore, which would
certainly extend our general trade with
China, as the settlement at that place has
extended our trade in the Malay Archipelago.
We may here remark, that the author
ac-
quits the English of • all blame in the opium.
affitir, and believes the 'Tartar rulers had made
up their minds to break with us, having
chosen the opium question for that purpose.
The accounts which.he gives of the vea coast of
Man tchoo Tartary, of the Peiho river, of Yangtse
Kiang, which traverses the heart of the empire
,or more than two thousand miles, of the country
around Pekin, and of almost every gulf; promon-
ory and island along, the extensive coast, pos-
sess great interest ; and we, therefore, cordially
recommend the little work to the attention of
our readers. We have room for only one extract
more, but it is re ther an important opt!, as it con.
tains a plan for bringing the dispute to a.satistac-
tory. conclusion.
1 presume (soya Mr. Wise), in conclusion, the Only
course left us, as holding out any reasonable hope
of obtaining a satisfactory settlement, and a solid and
lasting peace, is to prosecute the war with the most de-
termined vigour, by sending to China, from England,
a naval and military force of healthy, strong, fresh
Englishmen, fit and powerful enough to act at all
seasons, in any part of China, (the. Indian-born
forces will • do very well in South China,
but north China is too cold for them), to se-
lect and take possession of such a number of points
on the coasts, islands, and rivers of China, as
will give us the command of the mouths of all the
great rivers of China; of all the islands on the coast ;,
of the traffic on the imperial ' canal and Yangtse
Kiang river, and of the principal sea-coast cities;
such points being selected as we can securely and
permanently hold, mainly by a sea force, against all
and any enemy whatever, from any country ;—after
which to proceed to Pekin, and tender the Emperor a
treaty of peace, by which he is to make reparation

for the national insults inflicted upon us at Canton,
by ceding to us in perpetuity, such islands, ports, and
places, as we may have selected and- captural to-
gether with territory which shall produce a re-
venue as we may judge .will support a naval and mi-
litary force large enough to protect ourselves, and en-
force the fulfilment of the treaty (for the Chineve will
breakit if we leave them the power) ; by conceding to
us a residence for a British ambassador at the
Court of Pekin (Russia has a representative there) ;--
a treaty of commerce, defining clearly the 'duties to,
be levied in China on imports and exports ;—a
.disso-
lution and extinction of the Co-bong;--a full °pew' :
ing to us of certain points in China (beyond those
ceded to us), for the purposes of trade and commerce;
by which treaty we are to be indemnified for the ex-
penses of the war, and the cost of the opium destroyed,
in cash down at once.

The agitation of the Corn-law question has re"
commenced, and we are happy to add, told"'
thvourablz; auspices. The first great meeting of:
the Anti-Corn-law League, since the close of the
session, took place on Thursday last, at Mall'
ehester; and it was " one of the largest and most
enthusiastic "—says the Report, which will be,
found in another part of The Sun—" that "s'';
a3sembled in that town since the renewal of the
agitation." Many of the leading men in the
neighbourhood attended ; and among the speakers
were Dr BOWRING, and Messrs. THOMPSON all
WALKER, the latter of whom—and he is.a
ness whose evidence is unimpeachable -bore the
fbllowing direct personal testimony to the pre-
sent state of the commercial districts:-" "1e
,
capital of our merchants and manufacturers IS
daily diminishing, the people are half-a.d n!'d
lialfemployed,the poor-rates in our manufactur-
ing towns have increased three or fbur fold) auf
workhouses are crowded with inmates, the say:
ings of the frugal and industrious are eithattste"
to supply the pressing wants of the day- Tie
polished furniture of our artisans is exchanged
for food, or distrained fin. rent to their landlords',
their decent Sunday clothing is in the Palr°-
shops, our shopkeepers behind their counters are,
wanting customers—in short; we have DWI);
destruction of the social system." Here is a pic-
ture, drawn, not from fancy, but froth
by some ambitious orator anxious to create-
sensation by means of eloquent and nighEY,4cc.
aggerations, but by a sedate, observant/ e;
tic Al-minded man, of long experience,-01110,,
character, who hazards no assertions butso7,.
he can support by irrefragable testittiddhie
whose sole object in hazaiding them is titekt
the cause of truth and justice. The sita,M
of such a man are entitled to every'atcqgtfanr''d.''
and though the Monopolists may disCrOW:ts
ridicule them, they will sink deep into the be-rho
of all reflecting and unbiassed individual!:
will scarcely fail to read in them the 04.13
condemnation of Sir ROBERT PEEL'S teMpOrlZli4
policy. The Right lion. Gentleman 110 11°d
been nearly two years in office; he has par'lY,„'d
opposition, and exercised an almost tiodisPa'-d
sway over the House of Commons ; he has „1
the advantage—no slight one—of the -04.:
popularity of his predecessors; the 'ltalie
forbearance has been shown him by the PeeP
who, however solicitous for prompt, decided, real
.c. ,
dial measures, have allowed him abundant time.le;
conceive, digest, weigh, and mature his sellet,
for the public good ;—and what is the result is
Why this, that the commerce of the eottatil,
in pretty nearly as rickety a condition as it waa.ce!
when the Right. Hon. Baronet first took °"lore
We do not mean to deny that he has niadegilto
than one move in the right direction---56:r the
that he is really desirous of doing his best o"
big
people; but what we complain of is, tilt 4 or.
measures have not been of a sufficiently deer
far-sighted character. They have unsettled ill-ted
interests, but settled none. They have Prod2hete
embarassment—confusion distrust— aPrenity,
sion—among large masses of the eolnl9n-rding"
and alarmed the MonopoliSts, without ail,(); ado.
due satisfaction to the advocates of. free ;or the
Dr. BOWRING bore personal testimony o'-
ag r
annoyance they have occasioned the t
pa
culturists, observing—" Travelling in t'awied a
of England in which I was born, I 1111110,1
good deal with the rustic population ; 0.
found, from the first to the last among- the" d
,C 1 directe
thing but the heaviest vituperatioi they beta
was, ' Drat him,
against the Preader. The laogeaV• ••
Lord J`111",4.-
he 1,34
Lord JOHN only- touched the corn, but / ord
he's worser than
touched the bullocks. Re's worser than %.lit
JOHN, and. sorry we are that we ever brOpr.
him into power.' " Such, according to 0.,
BowaiNG, is the language of the tig6('ore
wrists. Is that of the- free traders "fier,
favourable to. the Right Hon. Baronet? 'lve
taiuly not, but, if' possible, still more hostile*,of
readily admit that the Premier has a`difn tad
game to play, but that is nu reason why lid 51100,
piay , it in a feeble, vacillating
and content, himself with maidug best
moves, when vigorous whole-moves
suit the exigency of the case. Do "
he will—halt, hesitate, temporise as o.Aia
way—Sir ROBERT PEEL will never rellot
the iiizt confidence of the Monopolists. It. 0,
his open, they are his concealed enemies, to „
man ; be had better therefore set them ildrl;
and bid them do their worst, and devote hisfree
divided encrgies to promote the cause of
trade.

--- aOtll
The accounts from Madrid are of alee iv
instant. The Committee appointed to prePa-regt
law ott the liberty of the Press had held free 0,
meetings, and was believed to have nearly c,liat
'Acted its task. The REGENT was anxious l'oe•
the 13i11 should be presented to the Cortes at
opening of the session. hoa.
It was reported that General VAN ,HALESt ill'
li.:Generalaande
tref refused
in
ef
dththe
o Catalonia,
accept
meancc e p
tendered his resignation of the post of ual),,ileat
010
sup, • , .•
ttbiuniltt.et,hia,,vthaetslis,iennlGn4kiosivtielergrno'irye:li;
exertions to procure and forward some
to the General. OW
Two soldiers were shot, for robbery, '1-
morning of the 20th. - i ". 001 tbr
The Three per Cents. were done 0.....- per
cash, and 21f at sixty days , and the rivedays•
Cents. at 261 for cash, and 26 13-16 at Si//t)drid net
The whole of the transactions on that ti4Y
exceed 6,296,000 reals.
...........1411.•.! i . a with
t
The Paris papers are chiefly occuPleatA re'
comments on Lord ABERDEEN'S letter' in z the
plies to a Morning Contemporary abtll3,,ilJOr"
French press. " The private organ - it the
PALMERSTON," says the Debats, " makegbeolid°
text of a declamation which exceeds the anaeril.
of propriety, of bad taste, and of ill Moe the -
The French journals, which every day led by tbe
Ministers of allowing themselves to be le' ose.
f GO%
English Government, who denominate Ai-• -rock
the Minister of the Foreigner, and who renPity of
prove 4
atoovero,
him with humiliating the honour and ddig
orotdi
bFerarnncueeibl eafsbtroenistlitieedexiiigeintcivve,seroef Englitn titer°
that it is, on the contrary, the Enisilliinsils'.tveranocit:
ment which is led by the French -
that. it is Lord ABERDEEN who is the Mulour acrd
the Foreigner, and who sacrifices the bonticies a
the interests of his country to the exige . vgbfek
France. This, however, is the proposition 4
roveia-.,
the English joul • I.ist Imaim er d taken top
etba tbe
na
we must do him the justice to acknowleng ; ii
:the
• ~ wive=
proves it -.% kb the same success with A wine"
would render
French journals prove the contrary, 101.`thein of
of setting it. fie.
accord if we were inclined to undertake . ig the
difficult the task
is yont:, at this side of the Chaanel, the l(lgie the
ass--.-
same. In France, M. TRIERS' jOUrna ~e 5.51011
a CO i.e.
that' Lord ABERDEEN'S note conceals . so.
that ought to be mistrusted —it
in order "I tac'
Ile extends his hand to us, ...e more
ifliog sari, , of
tr
easily to upset us, and gives us a
Boor; 5 J 0Y
tion, in order to induce us to accept
1840: In England Lord PALME
_,e to Ina
the, 11.:01/1i;itis
othersprelnu dte pre'
• 'tend' ea'
abolition 01 `" far
pare public opinion for the a de o .
o . it.
,Tiitliiss ac°lii lcoetssi°[l balloon,ishiet is !I ~ ,he tr
ties of 1831 and 1833.' Arrange this 11l _fliste -
_ -ive is, .0, sou
The only explanation you can
all count° irre
gument as you may, and endeavour
spirit of party is the same in a
• h .I'o or
wit ot '
that it is copied and repeated
It is 13 t Ole
mediable poverty of invention. . „sins
_.,6
affair to defend the French journal! 7; but "
asperities of which they are' the objeci'
to e.xtrbat 01,