The Sun.
London, England, 1842-12-15 00:00:00

examined her at considerable length, when she stated
that Lord Canterbury owed her 1,700/. for money ad-
vanced; she had also discounted bills for him, and
in consequence of the liabilities thus incurred the
Sheriff put in an execution in last February, and a
man was in possession of her premises ever since.
Lord Lichfield was indebted to her in the sum of
1,0001.. and Colonel Copeland also owed her a consi-
derable sum, for which she held his commission as a
security. This she thought would realise about 2,0001.
She bad discounted bills and made large advances of
money to Lord Huntingtower, but of course of these
she never expected to get a fraction ; indeed all she
expected to realise from her aristocratic debtors was
whatever she might expect from Count D'Orsay,
who was indebted to her for upwards of 7,0001., and
her only chance of getting this was an understanding
that he was about raising more money.
A number of proofs were tendered, upon which
considerable discussion arose, after which Mr. Davis,
wine-merchant, of Bond-street, was chosen assignee,
and accepted the trust.

Mr. James—Your pencils are only fit for fire-
wood. They are not worth a farthing a piece, and I
defy you to mention the name of any respectable
merchant who deals with you.
Raphael said his pencils were quite good enough.
They were, in fact, he declared, as good as could be
had anywhere.
The LORD MAYOR—Why, you admitted just now
that they were spurious, and of no value.
Raphael here began to praise his pencils most pro-
digiously, and concluded by offering them in any
quantity at five shillings a gross without the box.
The LORD MAYOR---YOU talk of Mr. Reeves' ob-
ject being to obtain publicity. Now, if the public know
that you sell for Bs. an article which other tradesmen
charge 31.105. for, you may expect to reap the benefit.
Raphael—To be sure ; I know it will serve me
greatly.
Mr. James—l dare say this business will appear
before the public, together with your admission that
your pencils are spurious, and that the very word
" warranted" means, by your acknowledgment, that
they are warranted to he base, and of no use whatever.
You will get publicity, I dare say, and you shall have
it in another Court, I assure you.
Raphael—Oh, very well. I dare say it won't end
here.
The printer, in reply to questions from Mr. James,
said that a person, who said his name was Reaves, had
called upon him three years ago, and told him that he
belonged to Sydney, and that he wanted the labels,
which he accordingly ordered to be left for him at
Raphael's house.
The LORD MAYOR here said that the complainants
had got admissions from Raphael upon which they
could act if they thought proper.
Mr. James said it was the intention of Messrs,
Reeves to indict the parties concerned for the fraud.

CENTRAL CRIMINAL COURT.
OLD COURT.
(Before Mr. Baron GURNEY and Mr. Baron ALDERSON.)
John Garner, 19, was indicted for a robbery with
violence upon Benjamin Colls ; in a second count the
prisoner was charged with extorting money from the
prosecutor by threats and menaces.
Mr. PAYNE conducted the prosecution, and stated
the facts of the case as they were afterwards detailed
in evidence. The prosecutor was in the Strand on
the 6th December, and while looking at the print-shop
window near Southampton-street, the prisoner came
up to him and pushed against him. He immediately
left the window and the prisoner followed him, and
asked him to give him half-a-pint of beer. He
crossed the road to avoid him, but the prisoner
continged to follow him, and he at length gave
him some half-pence, and the moment the prisoner
got the money in his hand, he held it out and
said that if the prosecutor did not give him
more money he would call a policeman and give him
into custody. The prosecutor said he had no more
money with him, upon which the prisoner said that he
could pawn his watch, and if he did not do so and
give him a crown, he would expose
_him. Being
alarmed at his threats, the prosecutor consented to
pawn his watch, and asked the prisoner to show him
Where there was a pawnbroker's shop. While they
were walking together the prisoner said that five
shillings were not enough, and that as the prosecutor
seemed to be a respectable man, he must give him
two pounds and he had much etter give that sum
than have his character ruined. The prosecutor sub-
sequently went to the shop of a pawnbroker in Long-
acre, leaving the prisoner waiting outside, and he de-
tailed what had occurred to the master of the shop,
and the prisoner was taken into custody. He then,
in answer to questions put to him, denied that he was
waiting for any person, and on his being shown to
the prosecutor, he denied that he knew him, or that
he had ever seen him before.

MARYLEBONE.
Yesterday Michael Leary was placed at the bar,
before Mr. Rawlinson, for re-examination, charged
with having stolen a valuable Scotch terrier, the pro-
perty of Frederick M‘Ginnes, 13, Grosvenor-place.
Mr. Wolff, from the office of Mr. Flower, Hatton-
garden, attended for the prosecution, and Mr. Wont-
ner for the prisoner.

The case has already appeared in The Sun.
A person named Kendillon, to whom the prisoner
had offered the dog, was examined by Mr. Wolff.
His statement was, that after seeking for the prisoner
some time, he on Saturday last met him at a public-
house in St. Giles's. He was questioned as to a dog
which he (witness) had lost, when he alleged that he
knew nothing about it, and proposed to sell him
another. Prisoner took him through several streets,
and into a house in some court, when he showed him a
large fawn-coloured dog, which he immediately recog-
nised as having belonged to the Duke of St. Alban's. He
also produced two terriers and a large white Newfound-
land dog; one of the terriers, that which was owned
by Mr. M'Ginnes, he wished witness to buy, but he
refused to do so, and was going away, when prisoner
said," If you'll come with me I'll see if I can get
you your own." Witness accompanied him to a
public-house, when the prisoner produced the dog, for
the restoration of which he was paid 10s., the sum
demanded by him. He (witness) took it to his lodg..
ings, the Three Crowns, Jermyn-street. From thence
the dog, however, contrived to escape from him, and
he had since obtained it a second time of the prisoner,
to whom he had given ss. and two pots of beer for it.
Cross-examined by Mr. Wontner—Llt was I who
gave information to Mr. M'Ginnes as to where
his dog was. I saw the prisoner on Friday last
in the Court of Queen's Bench. I was the plaintiff
in an action against Mr. Maltby. I have been in
the Metropolitan police, but was dismissed. I am
now belonging to the Surrey police, and live at Cran-
ley, near Guildford. I have recovered a dog for the
Queen, and one for the Duke of Beaufort.- How
many besides I can't recollect. I never gave any one
into custody for stealing a dog, or for unlawfully pos-
sessing one; when I have recovered dogs I have re-
ported it 'regularly to the Commissioners, to whom I
made a representation of the sums I received ; for the
Queen's dog I had 10/. sent to me by Mr. Murray ;
the prisoner had 91. of it for himself.

The prisoner, in his defence, asserted this story,
and said that he was waiting for his brother when he
was taken into custody.
Mr. Baron GURNEY having summed up, the jury
found the prisoner guilty of obtaining money from
the prosecutor by threats and menaces.
Mr. Baron GURNEY told the prisoner he had been
convicted of an offence of the greatest atrocity, and it
was one which, their experience had taught them, was
becoming very prevalent. Nothing but the utmost
severity of the law could repress it, and the sentence,
therefore, was, that he should be transported for life.
The prisoner was then removed, but, in a short time
the Learned Judge ordered him to be brought back,
and, addressing him, said that he was very much sur-
prised to find that the Legislature had reduced the
punishment for offences of this description, and the
sentence he had the power to pass was, in his opinion,
not at all a sufficient punishment. He then ordered him
to be imprisoned and kept to hard labour for three
years in the House of Correction.

POLICE INTELLIGENCE.
(YESTERDAY.)
?MANSION-HOUSE.
The LORD MAYOR stated upon taking the chair
that he had received the following note, inclosing 51.
for the Greville-street Free Hospital :
" Crown-court, Philpot-lane.
"My Lord,—Having recently observed in the
public prints that your Lordship had received a do-
nation of 51., for the use of the Free Hospital in
Greville-street, I beg to inclose the like sum which
I request of your Lordship to hare applied to the
same purpose.
" I have taken the liberty of adopting this medium
in hope that the publicity afforded by these occasions
may prove the means of attracting the attention of
the benevolent to what I consider a most valudble in-
stitution. " I have the honour to remain,
" Your Lordship's obedient servant,
" WILLIAM TAYLOR.
" To the Right Hon. the Lord Mayor."
Mr. James, the Barrister, appeared on Tuesday,
upen the part of Messrs. Reeves and Sons, of Cheap-
side, artists' colour-makers and pencil-makers of emi-
nence, to complain of a fraud which they had recently
detected. For some time past complaints had reached
the firm that spurious lead pencils had been sold to
parties, who had purchased them under the impres-
sion that they were of the manufacture of Messrs.
Reeves and Sons. Upon examination of the spurious
articles it was found that the name " Reaves" was
stamped upon them, instead of " Reeves," but
in every respect, with the exception of the
substitution of the letter a for e in the
name the impression was precisely similar, and thus
the merest rubbish had a character fixed upon it to
which it had no claim, and Messrs. Reeves were, of
course, likely to suffer from the imposition on the
character of their manufacture. About three months
ago, when the detection took place, Messrs. Reeves
gave warning to the makers of the spurious pencils,
and also to the sellers. Amongst the latter was a
person who, a few days after he received the notice,
called upon Messrs. Reeves; and openly stated that he
was using their names upon pencils which were of no
value, but that if the sum of 201. were handed over to
him, he would give up the dies and the rest of the ap-
paratus connected with the fraud. This offer was, of
course, indignantly rejected. Within the last few days
it had been ascertained that one of the men engaged in
the conspiracy had ordered upwards of 1,000 labels
similar to those used upon the lids of Messrs. Reeves,
boxes, with the exception before alluded to. Those
labels were intended and calculated to deceive any one
who did not critically examine them. The contem-
plated wholesale dispersion of such a quantity would
be of serious consequence to Messrs. Reeves and Sons,
and to the public, who would thus have forced upon
them a mere humbug, worth not a farthing. Under
these circumstances, Messrs. Reeves anxiously sought
the protection of the Lord Mayor, not only on their
own account, but for the sake of le commonalty.
The LORD MAYOR said he should certainly grant a
summons against the printer of the libels and placards
in the first instance, and it would be subsequently seen
to what further steps the complainants could most
properly resort. It appeared to him that a most de-
cided fraud had been committed.
Yesterday a printer, named Webb, answered when
Mr. James attended and called for the person sum-
moned.

Prisoner— I didn't; I only had Si. and you know it.
The prisoner was, for the unlawful possession of the
animal, fined under the New Police Act 51., and an
additional Si. for the assault upon the officer.
The Newfoundland dog 14s been claimed as the
property of the Duke of ,iiiiieeleuch, but it was stated
there was no one present on, the part of his Grace to
institute proceedings against the prisoner.

TO THE EDITOR OFHE SUN.
Sra,—The report contained in Tour paper of Sa-
turday, the 10th instant, of the exioination of Mr.
W. Carter before the Insolvent Debtors' Court, is now
before me.
The statements contained in that document, "espe-
cially those respecting the Carlton Club," and alleged
" diplomatic employments, so obviously and impera-
tively demand immodiate notice and refutation from
me, that I cannot doubt you will do me the favour to
insert the few words which are necessary for that
purpose. -

Mr. Carter introduced himself to me about eight
years ago as a rich West India proprietor, who wished
to thank me for exertions which I had then recently
made in behalf of the West Indian colonies. An ac-
quaintance, which continued on general and friendly
terms, grew out of this. I knew nothing of Mr.
Carter's having taken the benefit of the Insolvent
Debtor's Act in 1832 ; and the first occasion on which
between us was, that of an
applicationm°n ejY
was
last mentioned
year on his part, that I would
lend him 501. ; with this I regretted I could not
comply. Shortly afterwards he asked me to sign a
bill of exchange for that amount in his accommoda-
tion. I did so; and similar liabilities gradually in-
creased. He also at various times received from me
sums of money; and it was not until those sums had
become considerable, and those liabilities very heavy,
that Mr. Carter signed for me the bills specified in
his examinaton. With respect to the statement
other sun), was ever represented
.by me as
" 3,0004," or any
of Mr. Carter that a sum of
being set apart or " reserved" " by the Carlton
Club" for my use, on "account of elections," or on
any other account, it is utterly without foundation.
No conversation I ever held with him could, by any
ingenuity, be tortured into such a meaning; and
with respect to any diplomatic appointment, his as-
sertion also is worse than a simple untruth—it is a
gross and malignant invention.
With respect to the assertion that " attempts had
been made to subpoena me in vain," it is perfectly
untrue. I had put Mr. Carter into communication
with my agent previously to my leaving London,
and he knew he would readily and at any time com-
mand my attendance. He even (I know not if
lingly) prevented my attendance, or attendance on
my behalf, by stating to my agent that on account of
the number of cases on the list preceding his, his exa-
mination would certainly not take place until, at the
least, a month or six weeks after the day for which it
had been fixed, and on which it actually occurred.
But for this my evidence should have been given
in Court, and you would have been spared this com-
munication. I am, Sir, yours most faithfully,
London, Dec. 13. PETER BORTHWICIC.

LLOYD'SSHIPPIN G.
VESSELS SPOKEN WITH.— The Lord Hungerford,
London for Calcutta, 10th ult., lat. 10 N., lon. 23 ;
Ann Bark, Bayen, from Havre, 18th, lat. 25, lon. 32;
Hector, Hamburgh to Havanna!), 24th, lat. 35, lon.
29 ; Dutch: bark showing burgee with green bor-
der, R 184, in a white ground, 4th inst., by the Grati-
tude, arrived off Margate. Amphitrite, Amsterdam
to Batavia, lat. 14 N., lon. 21 W.; Mary Deck, bound
to Rio,.ancl Trio, of Plymouth, for Monte Video' out
twenty-three days, by the Albatross, arrived at Fal-
mouth. Australian, from Liverpool, and Ellen
Jenkinson, 0ct.25, offCapePalinas; Vitula, Liverpool
to Buenos Ayres, 9th ult, lat. 11, lon. 22, by the
Jane, arrived at Liverpool. Mary, St. Übes, to Lon-
don, 30th ult., lat. 43, lon. 11, with loss of bulwarks,
stanchions, cabouse, boats, &c., by the Mentor,
arrived at Cork.

In answer to questions put to him by Mr. James,
[e printer, without hesitation, or appearance of a
wish to disguise, said he had printed the labels con-
taining the name of Reaves, and the words " pure
Cumberland lead, warranted," and that he had been
employed by one Mr. Raphael, who lived in the neigh-
bourhood of Aldgate.
Raphael here stood forward, and said it was true
he had employed the printer to do the job. He also
saidu
alittlyiatofl‘,l pencilsr. Reevesfo r ch
whichar gheed
at3/ap
. raes.l
)fo ratahreg
e
q
more than Bs., and that the
quality was just the same.
sdam no e
Mr. James—Pray, whoauthorise dyou to direct
?
that those labels should be printed Y
Raphael—l wag
authorised by Mr. Reaves, of
Sydney, to get them
printed.—(A laugh.)
Mr. James—What ! Sydney in New South Wales ?
!Raphael—Yes. In New South Wales. I send pen-
cils to India and. China, and all over the world; and I
send them for eight shillings a gross. In my absence
Mr. Reeves called along with his solicitor, and took
down and examined my boxes of pencils. If I had been
there I would have broken his legs right across with
the poker.
The LORD MAYOR—Then we should have you
here upon another charge.
Mr. James—Pray did you not go to Mr. Reeves
and offer to give up the dies and apparatus for 201?
Raphael—No. But I shall not answer you any
further. You have no right to say a word to me.
Mr. James—You call this pure Cumberland lead,
and you say you sell the pencils at eight shillings a
gross. How can you reconcile those two facts ?
Raphael—l shall not answer you. I have no objec-
tion to answer the Lord Mayor.
The LORD MAYOR—lbw can you call this pure
Cumberland lead ? Raphael—Why it is not pure
lead. That's the fact. It is spurious.—(Laughter.)
The LORD MAYOR—That's the reason I suppose
you called it " pure," and strengthen the character
by adding the word " warranted."—(Laughter.)
Raphael—Just so. But those pencils are as good as
Mr. Reeves' every bit. All he wants is publicity,
but I shall have that as well as he, for I shall placard
it all over the town that I sell for eight shillings
what Mr. Reeves sells for 31. 10s.
The LORD MAYOR—But you have no right to act
in this manner. The foreigners who get hold of this
rubbish of yours must form a very indifferent opiniOn
of the tradesmen whose name it bears, for it is a very
close imitation of the labels of those respectable
tradesmen.

PROGRESS OE. TELE GOSPEL IN THE SOUTH SEA
can appear to the reflecting mind more gratifying or
ISLANDS.--Nothing
extraordinary than in the history of the human race
the establishment of a mission.
under the auspices of the chiefs in the islands of the
South Sea for the propagation of the Gospel. It may
be granted that their notions of the Christian system
were far from being
enlightened, while their motives
unquestionably retained a strong mixture of earthly'
ingredients.
That this was the case to a very consi-
derable extent, is not concealed by their instructors,
who, in reference more especially to the two clusters
of the Society Archipelago, describe the religion of
the greater part of the people as being at first merely
nominal; and that at the time they assumed the pro-
fession of Christianity, they knew little more of it
than that it enjoined the worship of one God instead
of many, required no human sacrifices, no offering
except prayer, and abstinence from labour every
seventh day. The change applied almost solely to the
outward observance, and had not yet reached either
the decisions of the understanding or the feelings of
the heart. Still it was a most important revolution,
which must necessarily be followed by a movement in
advance. Idolatry could not again resume its empire;
the
appetite for new views both in human arts and divine
knowledge would necessarily seek gratification at all
the
appetite
hazards.
i The ti:ecaptive had been broken ; and
result corresponds in no small degree
with this an
the tree planted among them
by the missionaries has brought forth fruit both good
and evil ;tares have
groan up with the wheat, but the
land is no longer 2 desert ; and the ample produce
denotes as least the inherent powers of the soil.—
Edinburgh Cabinet Library, No. XXXIII. Polynesia
At a Court of Bailiffs Wardens, and Assistants of
the WQavers' Compani, in Basinghall-street, Under-
sheriff Hardwick was unanimously elected Clerk of
the, Company, in the place of Mr. John Phipps, re-
signed.

- - ---
A General Meeting of the Subscribers of Lloyd's
was held yesterday at the South Sea House, G. R.
Robinr9fon, Esq., in the chair, when, after the business
connected with the internal arrangements of the esta-
blishment had been disposed of, the following votes
from t' he funds were unanimously agreed to, viz.:-
121. to twelve fishermen for saving the crew of the
barquf Watt, from Quebec to Plymouth, run on shore
near I :astbourne, 26th October; 121. to twelve inha-
bitants: of 13iarrets, near Bayonne, for rescuing the
crew crf the Restigouche packet, from Gibraltar to
Bilboa t wrecked near that port, 24th October.

Raphael—Some of the most respectable merchants
buy hundreds of gross from me. I sell to several of
your Lordship's brother Aldermen.—(Laughter.)

THE SUN, LONDON) THURSDAY EVENING, DECEMBER 15, 1842

NEW SOUTH WALES.
By the the George IV. arrived at Liverpool yester-
day, accounts have been received from New South
Wales to the 25th of June.
The markets generally had been inactive. A cargo
of sugar, tea, and coffee, per the Georgiana, from
Manilla, had changed hands within the preceding
week ; but at what rates is not reported, though the
Congous are stated to have been all re-sold at 101. per
62 catties. Upwards of 90 tons of Manilla sugar had
been disposed of at 241. and 251. per ton, and about
30 tons Bourbon, at 281. per ton. In manufactured
gdods, several invoices had fetched from 25 to 30 per
cent. advance. In other articles there was no altera-
tion, the sales having been so trivial that they were
not worth recording. Prime Irish mess pork was
selling at 51. ss. per barrel ; Hamburgh at 4/. 4s.
The bill for the incorporation of Sydney was read a
first time on the 21st of June, and stood for a second
reading on the 28th. A billhad likewise been laid
before the Council founded on a recent alteration in
the English law relating to banking companies, ren-
dering it compulsory upon them to 1111 up vacancies.
The police and public works bill was still a source
of discontent, the Governor appearing, in the opinions
of some, too hasty in pressing it upon the legislature.

THE CHINA TREATY.
(From the Glasgow Courier')
UNTO THE RIGHT HON. SIR ROBERT PEEL, BART., FIRST
LORD OF HER MAJESTY'S TREASURY, &C.
GLASGOW, DEC. s.—The memorial of the East In-
dia Association of Glasgow humbly showeth—
That your memorialists being deeply interested in
the trade with the East, beg to subtnit to your Lord-
ship the following considerations arising from the
treaty joist formed with the Emperor of China, and
the excitement caused thereby in our markets in ex-
pectation of a very enlarged trade with the Chinese
empire.
Your memorialists, in common with all her Ma-
jesty's subjects, heartily rejoice in the treaty thus
made, but have many misgivings as to the immediate
beneficial effects so generally and ardently antici-
pated, for the following reasons :-
Ist. The direct trade of this country to China has
seldom exceeded 1,200,0001. per annum.
2d. The annual trade from China has seldom ex-
ceeded 4,000,0001., both sums being exclusive of what
passes through the medium of America and Australasia.
3d. The difference between these has hitherto been
made good chiefly by the opium and cotton exported
from British India, the former to the annual value of
3,000,00 W., and the latter of upwards of 1,000,0001.,
while the balance of trade against China has been paid
in bullion.
4th. The supply of opium and cotton is not likely
to be materially reduced under the new arrangements.
sth. The silk of China is constantly losing ground
in competition with that of Italy; the miscellaneous
articles admit of little increase; and tea, the great
staple of China, is already imported to as great an
extent as the consumption, limited by high price,
requires.
6th. Great Britain, therefore, already exports about
as much to China, direct, and from India, as she re-
ceives, or can receive, of the Produce of the latter.
7th. It is accordingly evident that as yet there is no
room for an additional export trade to any consider-
able extent; because, although there be such an im-
mense territory, and such an almost boundless popu-
lation in China, and admitting also their entire wil-
lingness to accept our productions, yet they have not
produce to give which we can at present take in re-
turn, as is clearly proved by the large quantity of
bullion required from China in order to adjust the
balance of trade.
Bth. The duty charged by our Tariff on teais equal
to 200 per cent. on the shipping cost, viz. 2s. ld. per
lb. on an article which, at an average, costs on board
about ls.; and while a tariff is negotiating in China
for the admission of our productions, it is but reason-
able to expect that the Chinese will keep in view the
monstrous duty charged in England on their staple.
9th. The duty so charged in England falls chiefly
on the poor, who are the largest consumers, and it falls
the more heavily that they use the low-priced teas.
From these premises your memorialists draw the
following inferences :-
Ist. That the present high duty on tea restricts
very materially the consumption, and by thus limiting
the quantity which can be imported, limits also the
amount of our exports, which can scarcely therefore,
under existing circumstances, be extended beyond
the point already attained, and shows the existing
excitement to be founded in delusion, certain to pro-
duce the most ruinous results.
2d. That our high duties are sure to have a corres-
ponding effect in China, not only in the duty charge-
able on our manufactures, but probably also in an
increased export duty on tea, besides the chance of
future troubles arising from such an unnatural posi-
tion of affairs.
3d. That the intercourse with China having here-
tofore been confined to a single inconvenient port, and
even there to only a few Hong merchants, could not
be so extended as to increase the quantity of tea
taken in return so much as might enable her Ma-
jesty's Government to reduce the duty, and yet main-
tain the revenue; but seeing that these hindrances are
removed, that the article can probably be supplied to
a very large extent, and that we are now to have
access to Fuchoo, the nearest port to the principal
place of growth, it is evident that the period has ar-
rived when such a reduction is imperatively called for;
and that, unless it be made, there is little prospect of
commercial advantage to Great Britain from her late
achievements.
4th. That a reduction of the duty on black teas by
one-half would not only facilitate the formation of a
fir tariff with China, and increase the amount of our
exports, but would greatly add to the comfort, . espe-
cially of the poorer class of British subjects, would
not (at least, it would only partially, and for a time)
injure the revenue, and would, moreover, materially
increase the consumption of sugar, another article of
vast importance to the Exchequer.
Your memorialists do therefore humbly, but ear-
nestly, commend this subject to your Lordship's most
serious consideration-; and further entreat that her
Majesty's Government will instruct the Plenipoten-
tiary to pay most particular attention to the subject
of inland or transit duties, as provided for by the
treaty, seeing that this has hitherto been one great
hindrance to our trade, and that, without a well-ar-
ranged system of transit duties, any system of direct
import duties (however excellent in itself) will avail
but little.
May it therefore please your Lordship to consider
this subject, with a view to a material reduction in
the duty on tea, and the establishment of a fair reci-
procity between this country and China; and your
memorialists will ever pray.—Signed in name and
behalf of the Glasgow East India Association,
HUGH COGAN, Chairman.
A. WARDROP, Secretary.

PROSPECT of CHINESE DEMAND
FOR BRITISH GOODS.
It must be recollected, that, since the invention of
machinery, goods that were formerly inaccessible, ex-
cept to the wealthier classes, are now open to the
most humble. Two hundred years ago, nankeen and
similar _articles were sold at much lower prices in
China'than British cotton could possibly be ; but this
native manufacture can neither have greatly increased
or diminished in cost for cercuries, depending merely
on the momentary price of labour, and years of
scarcity or plenty;
.whilst the march of science has
enabled European goods that formerly cost ten dollars
in England, to be sold at the present day for two on
the coast of China. Mandarins and people of wealth
were necessarily then the only consumers ; but now a
nevrand numerous body, viz., the bulk of the popula-
tion, would become purchasers ; for it is evident, when
they can possess themselves of an article similar and
superior to their own at a far cheaper rate, they will
be drawn into the market, while their energies must
be turned into some other channel of employment to
obtain subsistence and the means of purchasing. Teas,
raw and manufactured silks, would, in all probability,
be shipped in exchange from the Chekiang, Fokian,
and Keangnan coast for woollens and broad cloths,
thus lowering the price of tea, and admitting a
poorer class of consumers in England. Some of us,
who had an opportunity of visiting the northern pro-
viTices, saw what a ready mart woollens and warm
oloi'Jiing would be likely to meet with in a country
liable to such changes of temperature. No possible
aye) age can be taken of what would be the demand ;
for I;he great loss of coasting junks, and the expenses
of in land -carriage, prevent the inhabitants from feeling
the .effect ofour diminished prices ; but, when it is taken
into consideration that a quantity of European manu-
factctres finds a sale on the western coast of South
Am, !rica, where there are but nine millions of people,
equ: it to what is now sold on the coast of China, in
whit 'h country there are supposed to be three
hundred millions, the supply in China must be
very far shell of the actual demand. If this argu-
ment is fair, an enormous increase in the consumption
may he expected ; a:rid should the Mandarins find out,
as they no doubt would, that a profit is to be obtained
by a monopoly of the trade, perhaps at last their own
intere st will lead them in reality to encourage what
hither to they have blindly driven away.—Lord Joce-
lyn's i fix Months with the Chinese Expedition.