The Sun.
London, England, 1845-08-29 00:00:00

A.MERICAN NEWS.

TEN DAYS LATER from AMERICA

SAFE ARRIVAL, Ot THE GREAT BRITAIN
AT NEW YORK,
IMPORTANT FROM MEXICO;

The Cambria steamer, Captain i-udkins, arrived a
Liverpool yesterday morning in nine days and a hal
from Halifax,

The Great Britain steamer grind at New York on
the 10th, having accomplished her passage from
Liverpool in fourteen days and twenty-one hours.
'the Cambria brings advices from New York to the
15th, from Boston to the 16th inst. inclusive, together
with New Orleans papers to the 7th inst., and advices
from Vera Cruz dated 21st July.
All official intercourse between Mexico and the United
States had ceased. The Washington Government organ
announces that the United States troops which had ad-
vanced to the Texan frontier would not be withdrawn,
and that General Taylor had with the infantry advanced
to Corpus Christi, and Col. Twiggs, with the cavalry,
had penetrated beyond Austin to the neighbourhood of
Alamo.
The elections for the different States are proceeding,
but great apathy appears to exist.
There is nothing new from Canada.
The following are extracts from the papers :
(From the New York Herald of the 16th.)

The last advices from New Orleans inform us ihat the
Mexican Consul at that port had received official instruc-
tions from the Mexican Secretary of State, in-
forming him that the relations between that Go-
vernment and the United States had reached such
a point as required the immediate cessation of all
official intercourse ; that their friendly relations were
at an end, and that all Mexicans were to be directed

to take such measures for the security of their per-
sons and property, as they might deem expedient. This
intelligence comes, however, merely in the shape of a
private communication, and, as no such intimation had
been conveyed to the Mexican Consul in this city, it is
to be received with caution. Still it is quite certain that
in New Orleans the general opinion was that war had
been declared by Mexico ; and the intelligence which
pours in upon us from all quarters, confirms the belief
that the crisis which we have been awaiting for some
time past, has at length arrived. We should not be at
all surprised to hear, in a few days, of seine decisive blow
having been struck by Mexico, and that the war had
indeed commenced.

The Government organ at Washington, in referring
to certain various and contradictory rumours relative
to the disposition of the United States troops sent to the
Texan frontier, declares in positive terms that these
troops are not to be withdrawn, and that it expected to
hear by the next arrival that General Taylor had ad-
vanced, v.ith the infantry under his command, as far as
Corpus Christi, and perhaps penetrated the country
farther from the Gulf coast. Colonel fwiggs, in com-
mand of the dragoons, had advanced through Austin
farther west, to the vicinity, perhaps, of the Alamo.
We have also reason to believe that the Texians them-
selves are now moving for the purpose of co-operating
with our troops. This is, we perceive, stated by
the Union.

The instructions issued by the United States Go-
vernment to their troops on the Texian frontier, re-
strict them entirely to defensive course of action, so
long as Mexico remains quiet. But from all present
appearances it is very evident that Mexico will forcibly
resist the measure adopted by our government, to main-
tain the boundary line as claimed by Texas. The
demagogues in Mexico who now manage her affairs, are
stirring up with the greatest activity the belligerent feel-
ings of the people. Each is trying to out-herod his
rival in this business. The Mexican people, themselves,
ignorant, vindictive, and misled and excited by Bri-
tish agents, are in a very fitting condition to be operated
upon by these ambitious and violent leaders. Thus,
then, stand at this moment our relations with Mexico.
We do believe that war is nearer than many imagine.
Of course, we cannot have any fear for the issue. But
the public voice begins to call louder and louder upon
the President and his Cabinet to summon Congress to-
gether. Ought they not at once to take this step ?
CANADA.—There is a project talked of at present of
connecting Lake Champlain and Lake Ontario by rail-
road, which may be regarded as a bold stroke towards
diverting from Montreal and Quebec a large share of the
trade of Western Canada. It ever this is effected, the
great results expected to proceed from the Welland
Canal, in favour of the Canadians, will be much
neutralised.

Hardly any commercial operations are taking place itr
Canada now ; several attempts have been lately made to
force off goods at auction, but to no purpose.
We observe the weather has been very warm at
Quebec—the thermometer last week ranging from 90 to
95 there.

A trial which caused much excitement has ended in
the acquittal of two young men charged with murder in
the last election disturbances. Party feeling was keenly
at work to procure a conviction, and also to secure an
acquittal. Since the notorious verdict of the jury in
1837, acquitting Jobin of the murder of the lamented
Lieutenant Weir, it is quite common in Montreal to
assail the integrity of juries, and we fear it is not always
done without good ground. In the case just tried, the
prisoners were acquitted—a regular triumph for the po-
pular cause.
The 71st Regiment had subscribed 301. 4s. 6d. for the
relief of the Quebec sufferers. The sum promises to
exceed 30,0001. in Great Britain and Ireland alone.
A strong rivalry exists between steam-boats on the
SL Lawrence this season.
AFFAIRS OF MEXICO.
(From the New Orleans Picayune, Aug. 7.)
It is confidently stated that Senor Arrangoiz, the
Mexican Consul here, has received orders from his Go-
vernment to close his business in this city, and further,
that he will sail in two or thre days for Vera Cruz. One
report has it that his departure will be the signal for the
publishing of a non-intercourse act, and another that a
formal declaration of war is to follow. A few days will
tell the story.
Since the above was written we hear it stated that the
declaration of war by Mexico is really in town, and that
it will be published by some one or more of the city pa-
pers this morning. If this be true, we shall see what
Mexico will do after taking a step so rash. That she
will issue letters of marque and reprisal—attempt to turn
loose a set of foreign privateers upon our commerce—
has been hinted at, and with good show of reason.—
There are not sailors enough, put them all
together, in her contemptible marine to man a single
sloop of war effectually, and we trust that our Govern-
ment will at once declare every vessel engaged under
Mexican colours, without the lawful complement of na-
tives on board, a pirate, and string up every foreigner
to the yard-arm. The pages of Vattel may not afford
such authority, but Vattel knew but little of Mexico
when he wrote, and strong cases require prompt and
forcible arguments. On land, the course of the United
States is plain enough. With the regular troops now
in Texas, and the volunteers ready to start at a mo-
ment's warning, we have a force sufficient to crush any
miserable apology of an army Mexico can concentrate
between San Luis Potosi and the Rio Grande for three
months to come—it would be an act of charity to take
the entire army of our gasconading neighbours prison-
ers to save thtan from the starvation that has long been
preying upon them. Possession of the harbours of Cali-
fornia—a matter which a frigate or sloop of war could
easily effect—might also be taken, and if all these plans
are carried out, we shall have the enemy at our gates
cueing for peace before a year is over their heads.
(From the IVew Orleans Reparter, Aug. 7.)
The schooner Relampago, which recently arrived at
the Balize .from Vera Cruz, came up to the city on
Tuesday evening. Our previous accounts by this vessel
were very limited, based as they were upon verbal state-
ments, and a short extract from one of the few letters
which reached the city in company with the dispatches
for the State Department. It was not until a late hour
yesterday that we received the letter, an extract from
which follows, containing the official communications, a
translation of which is subjoined. The letter is from a
friend and correspondent in Vera Cruz, and enclosed
the communications, which are from the Minister of
War and Marine of Mexico. It appears by these,
that the previous intimations of the intention of
Mexico to declare war against this country have assumed
a positive and determinate shape. No simple act of
non-intercourse, it appears, will give sufficient vent to
the pent-up indignation of our Mexican neighbours.
Nothing short of a war—a war of invasion too—that
contemplates among the least of its triumphs the re-
conquest of Texas—will appease their belligerent feel-
ings and heal their wounded honour. Well, if it is to be,
we must prepare ourselves for the struggle. We hope
by this time that our fleet is in the Gulf—we know that
our little army is at its post. The Water Witch, which
may be looked for every day, will bring_ us full par-
ticulars.

We have reason to believe that the despatches to the
Department of State at Washington, brought by the
Relampago, communicated the fact of war having been
declared by the Mexican Government.
In a stili closer view of a war with Mexico, we take
occasion to repeat what we said the other day, as to the
course which should ho pursued in such an event. If we
are to be embroiled in a conflict with Mexico, we hope
that the scale upon which the contest will be prosecuted
by us will bear some relation to the power and dignity
of this nation. Let the assertion of our might as well as
of our right he so complete, that among the other results
of a brilliant campaign, no vestige of Eurcpean influence
will remain in Mexico to tempt her into a repetition of
the fatuity of going to war with us.
The following is the letter and documents referred to:—
Vera Cruz, July 21, 1845.
Dear Sir,—* * I have only one moment's
time to hand you the enclosed, to which I refer you. We are
momentarily expecting to receive the declaration of war against
the United States, from Mexico. Every one is making prepa-
rations to leave this place and move into the interior. The
Water Witch will sail for your port on the 28th or 29th inst.
Yours.
OFFICE OF WAR AND MARINE.-SECTION OF OPERATIONS.
(Circular.)
The United States have consummated the perfidy against
Mexico, by sanctioning the decree which declares the annexa-
tion of the department of Texas to that Republic. The in-
justice of that usurpation is apparent, and Mexico cannot
tolerate such a grave injury without making an effort to prove
to the United States the possibility of her ability to cause her
rights to be respected. With this object the Supreme
Government has resolved upon a declaration of war against that
power, seeing that our forbearance, instead of being received as
proof of our friendly disposition, has beers interpreted into an
acknowledged impossibility on our part to carry on a successful
war
Such an error on the part of the United States will be ad.
vantageous to 14Iezico, because, suddenly abandoning its
pacific attitude, it will tomorrow communicate to Congress
the declaration of war, and excite the patriotisrasd its citizens