The Sun.
London, England, 1842-11-24 00:00:00

THE SUN, LONDON, THURSDAN EVENING, NOVEMBER 24, 1842

LONDON GAZETTE EXTRAORDI-
NARY, WEDNESDAY, NOV. 23, 1842.
FOREIGN-OFFICE, Nov. 23, 1842.
Dispatches have been this morning received, at
this Office, from Major-General Sir Henry Pottinger,
her Majesty's Plenipotentiary in China, dated " Steam
Frigate Queen," Yangtsekeang River, off Nanking,
August 30, 1842," reporting that, on the preceding
day, he had signed, with certain Chinese Plenipoten-
tiaries, on board her Majesty's ship " Cornwallis," a
Treaty of Peace and Friendship between'her Majesty
and the Emperor of China.

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would therefore be premature to attribute it to
foreign intrigue. The insurgents, from all ac-
counts, belong to the Republican party, whom
neither LOUISTHILIPPE nor his virtuous cousin
CHRISTINA would be likely to support. All the
particulars yet obtained will be found in the
telegraphic dispatch, and a letter dated Barce-
lona, Nov. 17.
The accounts from Madrid are to the 15th, but
as the insurrection commenced only on the 14t14,
no intelligence of this unfortunate occurrence had
reached the capital. The Opposition had succeeded
in returning all the officers of the House by a
considerable majority. The number of Deputies
present was 130, but only 125 took part in the
election. The four Vice-Presidents elected were
M. CORTINA, by 82 votes; M. CANTER°, by 75 :
M. CABALLERO, by 68; and M. DOMENICH, by
64. The four Secretaries were MM. GALVEZ
CARNERO, MATA, GARCIA, and GARNICA. M.
OLOZAGA immediately took the Chair, and
thanked his colleagues for the honour they had
conferred upon him, after which the House orga-
nised its Standing Committees, and adjourned.

Nearly all the Paris papers have now broken
silence on the good news brought by the last
mail from China. Though in general they
display their usual bad feeling towards
England, they are compelled to admit that she
has achieved a great victory, and that important
services will thereby be rendered to the cause of
humanity. Of all the papers that have come
under our notice, the Journal des Debats alone
treats the subject with calmness and moderation.
As the opinions of these journalists may possess
sonic interest with our readers, we subjoin ex-
, tracts from six of the principal journals.

(From the Journal des Debats.)
This is a great . event—this peace, imposed by a
European Power on an empire which has hitherto
treated foreigners with such supercilious contempt, is
an act which may have the greatest consequences upon
commerce and politics in general. It is a whole world
henceforth opened to the penetrating activity of
Europe. We cannot now dwell upon the various re-
sults which may arise from this event, but we cannot
conclude without observing that, as conquerors, the
English have given a proof of moderation. Twenty-
one millions of dollars, or, including the ransom of
Canton, 40,000,000 francs, to pay the expenses of the
war, is but a small sum, when it is remembered that,
besides these expenses, the English, in 1839, lost
22,000 chests of opium, valued at 62,000,000 francs ;
and, in 1841, had masses of English merchandise de-
stroyed by the tlames, which, upon the most moderate
calculation, cannot be estimated at less than 35,000,000
francs. _

(From the Sleek.)
If the Emperor of China is compelled to sign
with his own hand, and to seal with his own seal, a
treaty with those whom he calls barbarians, it will
indeed be a great triumph gained for civilisation.
The English undertook the war upon grounds purely
selfish, for the promotion of their own interests, and
from an odious motive ; but if they succeed in bring-
ing 250,000,000 of men, now vegetating supinely
under an astute and immoral Government, into the
improvements of European civilisation, a great service
will be rendered to the cause of humanity.

(From the Presse.)
The English are immutable in their policy. In
all their arrangements with foreign nations are to be
found traces of the same ideas, tending to bring into
their own grasp the best positions at every point of
the globe. If ever there was an unjust and wicked war,
worthy of reprobation, it is most assuredly that which
they have waged against the unfortunate Emperor of
China, whose only crime was in refusing to allow his
subjects to be regularly poisoned. England, far from
having any right to exact an indemnity for this war,
ought to be happy that she had not to pay a penally
for the abominably scandalous example she has given
to the world in thus abusing her power, by employ-
ing it in supporting the most detestable pretensions.
And yet she has, in treating with the Chinese, ob-
tained from them an enormous ransom. This is not
all, nor is it even the least advantage she has gained.
The treaty announces that—" The Island of Hong-
Kong is ceded in perpetuity to her Britannic Ma-
jesty." This island of Hong-Kong has long been
coveted by England. It is the best station in the China
seas—it is an inestimable advanced post to the oceanic
archipelago. These are the inducements which have
led her to lay her hands upon it ; and, probably, she
would never have declared war against China had she
not wished to create a diplomatic pretence for seizing
this rich booty. Besides, as the "Chinese may not
be able to pay, she has taken a mortgage by way of
security. This mortgage consists in the occupation
of the islands of Chusan and Igo-Long-Sod, two
other excellent stations. It is of little importance,
therefore, whether the 21,000,000 dollars be ever paid.
England would have no objection, and would even
prefer remaining mistress of the two points which she
now occupies conditionally. It is probable that before
long a new arrangement with the Emperor may bring
matters to this settlement, and the English Plenipo•
tentiary will boast of it as a magnanimous concession.
Those points which she does not and cannot occupy,
England has by force made open to her commerce.
This is grand and magnificent success ! a success
which does honour to the civilisation of our era, and
above all to the nation which has torn it from the pu-
sillanimity of the authorities of the Celestial Empire,

(From the• National.)
The English have just obtained from the Chinese
Government all that they could have desired, and
attained the end at which they aimed. They could
never have had a serious idea of penetrating into the
heart of the Celestial Empire ; for such an enterprise
would have required too large a body of troops. To
attack and pillage the principal cities on the sea-coast,
to confiscate the trade of some few important places,
and to obtain an advantageous treaty for the mer-
chants of London and Calcutta, was evidently the
only object in this struggle—a struggle odious from
its cause, and disgraceful from the means used in its
execution. It is well known, however, how England
accomplishes its most extensive conquests. She first
gains a footing in some insignificant towns on the
coast ; by decrees the intrigues and activity of her
merchants form a numerous political and commercial
connexion at the expense of their neighbours ; she
walks in the dark and pursues her usurpations under
the shadow of treaties, which she interprets according
as it suits her own interest, and succeeds in sowing
the seeds of anarchy in the surrounding country, of
which she never fails to take good advantage. This
plan, it is well known, was pursued by Great Britain
in her invasion of India, and it will, probably, be that
pursued by her in the Chinese empire.
The advantages to be derived from the treaty by
England will be very considerable, and Europe should
endeavour also to draw some profit from it.
(From the Courrier Francais.)
To consider only the European side of this event,
the pretensions of England do not appear exaggerated.
She cqntents herself with making the Chinese pay the
expenses of the war, with requiring freedom of trade,
and with the conquest of a little island of three
leagues in circumference in the Canton river. But to
demand more it would have been necessary to be able
to keep it. During the two years that the expedition
careered through the Chinese seas, the horror of the
Chinese for the English name has not been observed
to have diminished. When a city was taken nothing
was found there but the walls ; the inhabitants took
to flight, or drowned themselves in the wells of
their houses, to escape all contact with the
strangers. The conquerors remained isolated
without a point d'appui, without provisions, and
without relations with the conquered nation. An un-
occupied country presented itself before them; and
unless they brought with them an English colony to
till the soil, they could not keep it. If the habits and
laws of China be considered, this treaty is a violence
imposed on that country. Strangers and barbarians
to be treated there on the same conditions as the na-

tives ! Five commercial ports to be throWn open to the
English, who are to have Consuls in these places !
Five breaches made in the wall of China, through
which Europe, with her ideas of progress, will rush in!
We doubt that such a treaty, if ratified by the Em-
peror, will be faithfully executed.. The English have
certainly ;taken some precautions, such as requiring
the payment of 6,000,000 of dollars before they
quit the Yellow River, and the occupation of Chusan
and Ko-long-soo until the remainder shall be settled.
But if the treaty is to be broken or eluded, it will
not be to-morrow, or in a year, or even before the
payment of the indemnity. The Emperor will, no
doubt, wait to have regiments armed and disciplined
in the European fashion, and cannons and strong
places in good condition. But the moment that
China' shall have recovered herself, be assured that,
she, will throw.off the odious yoke which she has just
submitted to. The British Plenipotentiary has done
himself honour in declaring that for the future he
should not attempt to protect the sale of opium, and'
that the vessels of the English station would assist in
putting down this traffic, if the laws of the empire
prohibited it. This is a means of disarming public
opinion in Europe, and reconciling it to the success of
the English. But, if it be desired that the triumph
which has been obtained over the Chinese immobility
should have any duration, England must go further,
and interest Europe altogether in this advancement.
Let England admit all the nations of Europe to a
participation in the benefits of those commercial con-
cessions, and China, no longer having to do with a
single State, but with all which modern civilization
comprehends, will not attempt to engage in a resist-
ance which wonld be desperate:,
• •
(From the Quotidienne.)
These are great events for England, and important
also for the Administration of Sir R. Peel. In France,