The Sun.
London, England, 1829-10-17 00:00:00

EGYPT.

(From a French Paper.)
INSTITUTION OF SCIENTIFIC AND MILITARY INSTRUC-

TION ESTABLISHED BY THE PACHA-ORGANIZA-

TION OF THE ARMY.

The military school at Cazerlain, near Cairo,
is the principal establishment of instruction ;
Achmet Effendi is at its head. It contains 600
pupils, as well Turks and Arabs as the children
of European officers, from 12 to 16 years of
age. They are here taught the Turkish, Arabic,
and Italian languages, arithmetic, geometry, de-
signing, and the details of service. In the
course, which continues four years, every thing
has a view to a military life. At quitting the
establishment the pupils undergo an examina-
tion : those who answer well are placed on the
staff, or are removed to a higher school. Those
who answer less satisfactorily are sent into the
army as sub-officers.
The school of the staff, under Nurreddin-
Bey, at Djad-Abad, is under the direction of
M. Planat. It contains 70 students taken from
the military school, who are taught the higher
branches of mathematics, algebra, geometry, gun-
nery, engineering, and fortification ; also the
drawing of plans, the Arabic, Persian, and
French languages, and the practice of military
manoeuvres. The course in this school lasts
three years. In the following year they are
taught natural philosophy, history, geography,
and the highest branches of the mathematics.
Cheik- Hassan is professor of arithmetic, al-
gebra, and geometry ; Ariff-Effendi, of Arabic
and Turkish ; M. Planet professes gunnery and
civil engineering; M. Tolgt, military manoeuvres ;
MM. Pachot and Konig teach French, and M.
Finzi instructs in drawing and designing. The '
situations in the three offices of the staff are held
by students of this school. Thus the field ser-
vice is under Selim-Bey, correspondence under
Osman- Bey, and the archives are under the care
of Paulici and Tarbe.

The Arabs are distinguished by their great
taste for the sciences, while the young Turks
excel as draughtsmen.
In the school of officers of Inakhile, esta-
blished chiefly for young Turks and Arabs, they
are instructed in the guidance and management
of armies. In three schools, under the direction
of Sorania, 220 pupils are instructed in music.
The school of medicine and surgery, under
Dr. Clot, contains 110 Arabic students. It is
established in the vast hospital of d'Abuzabel,
which is capable of accommodating 1,500
patients. In this school pathology and surgery
are taught by Dr. Clot ; anatomy by Dr. Gae-
tano; chymistry, and the history of medicine, by
Dr. Barthelemy ; botany by Dr. Figari ; medicine
by Dr. Bernard; French by M. Neelli; and
anatomical demonstrations by the director, Dr.
Clot. The professors have each a salary of 330
francs per month, besides 175 francs for inci-
dental expellees.
It was M. Planat, a French officer, who in-
troduced the European discipline into the army
of the Egyptian Viceroy. Since the death of
the late Minister of War, Mahomet Bey, the
disciplinary system has been intrusted to a com-
mission of instruction, composed of General
Osman Bey, Colonel Selim Bey, Colonel Gaudin,
Lieutenant-Colonel Ferisole, Lieutenant-Colonel
Jolyt, M. Planat, the director of the staff school,
two professors, and a secretary.
The general staff of the army is not yet
organized : Ibrahim is its chief. The special
staff is composed of a colonel, two majors, six
adjutants• general, six adjutants-major, thirty-
eight captains, and eighteen lieutenants—in all
seventy-one officers. It is established in the
camp at Djad Abad, near Cairo. There are al-
ready raised regular works for taking plans and
elevations, and for topographical instruction.
The infantry is divided into regular and irre-
gular troops. The former consist of 12 regi-
ments of 4,000 men each ; two battalions, with-
out any fixed number, and a company of gen-
dannes—in all 50,000 men.

In the irregular troops arc counted 5,000
Turks, and 1,200 Maugrabes (barbarians.) Each
regiment has five battalions (each battalion con-
sisting of eight compan►es of 100 men), com-
manded by a colonel, four majors, ten adjutants,
five ensigns, five professors, five fourriers, be-
longing to the staff' of the regiment.
Every company has one captain, one lieuten-
ant, two sub-lieutenants, four serjeants, eight
corporals, two drummers, and eighty-one rank
and file.

the cavalry is not yet organized according to
the European system. L. consists of 6,000
horse, divided into six corps, commanded by the
Beys and Kachefs of the provinces.
The artillery consists of three battalions, each
having eight companies of 100 men, 34 train
companies, two of artificers, and 1,000 can-
noneers, veterans in these fortresses.

The Artillery-school, under Mussein-Bey, at
Cairo, has 30 pupils. The fonndry at Cairo is
entirely under the management of Frenchmen.
In the camp at Djad-Ahad there are eight
batteries of six pieces each, with the necessary
teams of horses. At Cairo there are four bat-
talions of old artillery.
The corps of engineers consists of 12 com-
panies of sappers of 100 men each ; but it is de-
ficient in officers.

The whole of the army amounts to 66,000
men, in a population of 3,000,000. The re-
cruiting is carried on, in a great measure, by
force, and without any fixed regulation. Fel-
lahs (peasants) are impressed whenever they can
be caught, and are brought to the camp, where
they are drilled. Sometimes the Paella pur-
chases slaves in the markets of Darpur, Senaar,
and Cordofan. These slaves are as quick in
learning their exercise as the fellahs, but all the
officers are selected from the Turks, Arabs, or
renegades.
The uniform consists of a shirt, a waistcoat,
and pantaloons of woollen stuff. In the winter
it is red, and in summer it is of white cotton.—
The waistcoat has a small strait collar, the waist-
, band and pantaloons fit closely to the body. On

the head is a cap of woollen cloth, and on ti:e
feet are shoes, after the Eastern fashion.
the winter a mantle of white or black is addedg°
the dress.

The dress of the officers is distinguished by
embroidery on the sleeves and breast ; sometiMe:
also by decorations of cloth, of silver, of gold'
and even of diamonds. The soldiers carry their,
effects in a leathern knapsack : long big',
pouches ; a musket and bayonet, in the Freue"
manner, sabres slightly curved (which come froul
Germany), for officers, form their equipment.'"
The artillery have muskets and sabres.
The cavalry is without commission, but is
well mounted. The irregular infantry is 00
in the Albanian fashion.

The maintenance and pay of the army
.ele
both excellent ; the pay of a private soldier
without including victuals and clothing, is 49
paras ; that of a sub-officer, a piaster ; a suir
lieutenant, 200 paras per month, a lieutensol
has 350, a captain, 500 ; a major, 1,500; •
lieutenant-colonel, 4,000; a colonel, 8,00;
besides allowances for maintenance and uniforM;
Those who instruct the European discipline
are divided into four classes, of which the first
has 350 francs ; the second, 250 ; the thim
175; and the fourth, 110 francs per month►
besides a horse, rations, two sets of uniform, ,°r
350 francs and a mouth's pav extra, and wi_.,l2a
duty free. During a campaign they have fru"'
600 to 800 francs per month. A full surge°
330 francs per month ; an assistant-surge°
250 ; and hospital mates 175, exclusive of it
tions, clothing, and certain gratuities.
The medical staff of the army is extremelf
well kept up. They have very extensive hose'
tals. M. Clot is the Surgeon-General, e.
Doctors Brasari, Karakuki, and Martini, forty°
medical board.

The rule of the service now is, that prooh
tion is regulated by length of service. Het'
fore it depended on the favour of the Pacl7
Long and faithful services are rewarded by P 67
sions and gratuities.
The instruction of the infantry in the Eor°l
pean discipline is intrusted to M. Cola°
Gaudin, and he follows the French militarlc
gulations of 1791. The recruits remain for
610
months in the camp, and are exercised seat
and a half each day. The slaves, j 34
negro recruits, learn with tnuch zeal. Ve
fellahs are more quick ; but the Turkish anal/
are extremely indolent. The discipline is seven'
but officers and sub-officers are not allowed t 0
direct the infliction of corporal punishment °lir
the men. No officer below the rank of a msili
can direct the infliction of the bastinado, as we
as that known by the name of consbatcl
Officers of inferior rank are liable to this as ,re
as the private soldiers. Generally, however,cle
gradation and imprisonment are the ordinary P
nishinents inflicted on them.
Military offences, desertion, robberies CO'
mitted by soldiers on their fellow-soldiers, and
insubordination, are sent before a military co!
cil. in all other offences the Cadi, or Cla
judge has jurisdiction. The gendarmes, 39,
France, have charge of the police of the art
All these establishments, which have existed .r
the last five years, have already had much
fluence on the spirit of the entire nation. It
certain that it depends now only on the will
Mehemed Pacha to break off' all connexion 0.1
tu
the Porte.

ALLEGED IMPROVEMENT IN TRADE'

(From the Glasgow Fres Press,)
We are told by anticipation that the last quarter'aLel
venue is to exhibit an increase over the corresponovJJ
quarter of the preceding year, to the amount of 105
200,000/., and some of the London Journals are, as 11111
congratulating the country on this proof of its favourol:,
condition ! But they neglect to mention that, but for .11
large importation of foreign corn, the duties on Whic
have amounted, as some affirm, to nearly a million, ly
it
decrease in this quarter's account would have been /
considerable. In every department of the revenue Why
forms an index to the state of the people, there has
a marked falling off; yet this is carefully left out of /7).
by the class of commentators to whom we allude, and,ooo
general result only referred to, as indieating_ an ausplei
order of things!
00'
This system of deception is now, however, too well y,
derrtood to impose upon any one. The peoile
tressed, and they have set themselves resolutely to be r
what they feel, in open defiance of all kindly Meant so": 4,
ances to the contrary. Mr. Cobbett is right in aflirto
that, before the lapse of many additional months, he 111
have the " Feast of the Gridiron." The country is e:f,
beginning to exhibit impatience under its unparalleled', ,
ferings, and Government, compelled by stern neceOlg
will, ere long, again administer to it the peace-inspi,r,lnt
dose of a small-note currency. This, or some equigno
measure, must very speedily be resorted to, else the prr,ie
Ministry's possession of power will not be worth a 'lll°
day's purchase. jo
Those few Journals throughout the country, whiee'
the face of every species of opposition, hare boldly od
honestly'pertevered in warning the public of the effeetirr
be dreaded from the Small-note Act, and in faithfullfilor
presenting those effects as they successively resultedrop
the measure, when that measure is at last departed
have good cause to enjoy a triumph, and take to
selves credit for their foresight and consistency. We 101 l
then, offer, our sincere congratulations to the L.O
Morning Advertiser,—a paper which has most ably of
honestly laboured to inform the public of the true csloo
the present deathlike depression, and with whose 01" to
on this momentous subject, we have all along taken cat; ill
make our readers familiar. We trust this complimeol pal
not be deemed invidious. We pay it thus specialiPoca
because there are not several others deserving of the if
but because, so far as we know, the paper in quests
the only one among among all those published inl'°;"011r
which has distinctly and manfully spoken out on the
ject of our present ruinous financial policy. rod
It is amusing to read the accounts now sent a1,,,44
through the medium of certain Journals, to the c!'
that trade is decidedly reviving, and things abosl4
return to their old state ! Where are the proofs of er
much-to-be-desired change? Although Glasgow ion,:al
tioned as one of the commercial towns in which a reol
has taken place, no one can discover a single proof to 'Tv
effect, but a very great abundance to the contrary. of
fact is that at present the retail :dealers and other.. 00,
making a few purchases of winter stock, but with cauPtisl,
and to a very limited amount ; and it is upon this Peorpal
circumstance, which briefly quickens the demand foFgl•ticti
the same period, every year, that our fair-weather, P4"l„ig
soothsayers are at present building their assumptions
tilts to general permanent improvement !