The Sun.
London, England, 1827-10-10 00:00:00

SPIRIT OF TUE PUBLIC JOURNALS

Until the publication of official despatches,
completely authenticating the pacific settlement
of the dispute with Turkey, we must lay our ac-
count for expressions of distrust from many
quarters, as to the reality of an event so desir-
rable, and at one time apparently so, hopeless.
Merchants, whose fears are naturally roused by
occurrences tending to an interruption of the free
course of commerce--Bears 'in stock-jobbing---
Bears in politics, not a few, who catch with
eagerness at every shadow of evil—lastly, jour-
nals cut off themselves from the sources of early
and valuable information, and therefore Jealous
of their more active and successful neighbours—
all these several sorts of persons and of things
hesitate, honestly or affectedly, before they will
acknowledge their belief of intelligence which
the merchant may fancy is " too good .to_ be
true ;" in which the. jobber sees an unseasonable
disappointment of his avarice ; the factious poli-
tician a strengthener of the State ; and the news-
less journal, a mortification of its vanity. 'We;
for our parts, have found as yet no reason to
withdraw our full belief of the facts which were
affirmed in our yesterday's article from the city.
The non-announcement from official quarters, of
official circumstances which are detailed in com-
mercial letters, proves nothing but That Ministers
are tied up by rule, from stating on their Mini-
sterial authority as complete, a measure, whether
military or diplomatic, of the consummation of
which they have only a moral and not an official
certainty. There seems at present little doubt
that the Ambassadors of the three Allied Govern-
ments gave notice to their countrymen on the 10th
of September, to quit Constantinople without
delay, as they were themselves on the point of
departing: yet on the 17th, not a Frank had
stirred. How account for this but by the fact of,
a revived negotiation ? In truth, no alternative
remained for the Turk, but acquiescence :in the

terms proposed to him. What could his
wretched navy hope from a conflict with the ma-
, ritime Powers of Europe ? And, with his fleet
once destroyed, what was to save the armies in-
vading Greece. from almost immediate dissolu-
tion ? We repeat, . therefore, that no doubt can
rest on any rational mind as to the straits to
which the Ottoman Government was driven by
the ultiroatum of the Christian Ambassadors ;
and as little with regard to the peaceable sur-
render of the s.hole point at issue. For the wel-
fare, however, ofVreece, herself, it will be ne-
cessary to establish very soon a strong executive'
power in the centre of the Republic, to restrain
the wild spirits, which have sO long set her con-
stituted authorities at defiance, anal the fierce and
sanguinary factions which, even while their com-
mon mother was in her agony, deserted her to
massacre each other. The resolution of the
Allied Governments is not yet known respecting
the appointment of the Count Capo D'lstria to
the Presidency or chief dignity among his couif-
trymen ; but in the absence of facts, it must
strike most people that his Russian habits and pie-
dilections ought to be grounds. of severe sus-
picion to every Cabinet in Europe, except that
of St. Pet ersburgli alone.— Times.
England is 'certainly a very singular country
with ;:expect to law. We yesterday received the
famous Charge delivered to the Wiltshire Grand
Jury by the Lord Chief Justice Best, as revised
by his Lordship, with notes, in whiCh so many'
fine things are said of boxing ; and in another
part of our paper is recorded a sort of crusade of
Mr. Swabey, of Union-hall ; the Rev. Mr.
Gressett, a Magistrate of Bucks ; two Quakers,
and a posse of constables, against a prize-ring.
The. eloquence of his Lordship, had, it seems,
contributed powerfully to increase the numbers
and respectability (we use the word in the sense'
which is popular in England) of the audience.
If in the Diurnal of Parliament of that day, it'
was not thought beneath the fame of the great
Colonel Cromwell to record the success of his
campaigns to put down bear-baitings, the histo-
rian of this day may be now excused for noticing
the Magisterial expedition to Staines, whieh.was
not attended with a very brilliant result. 'The
worthy Magistrates were, in the first place, too
slow in their movements, for the fight was "over
before they appeared on the field ; in the second
place, when they arrived, they were too quick in
their movements, for they seized, not on any
of the fighters or betters, but on one of the his-
torians of the fight. This injudicious selection
was, it seems, regretted when it was too late ; for
Mr. Swabey candidly acknowledged his error,
and regretted that he had not secured some
wealthy. inhabitant of the county on whom the
law might take its course." Mr. Richard
Martin used to find Members of Parlia-
ment participating in the amusements of bear
fighting at Westminster ; and who knows !nit
Mr. Swabey, if due diligence had been used, might
not• have found a sprinkling of Justices, se-
duced by the Lord Chief Justice, in the as-
sembled crowd ? Fortune, however, willed
it that Mr. Justice 'Swabey should reap
no laurels at Staines. Never, to he sure, was a.
campaign so ill conducted. The two Quakers,
who might have been powerful auxiliaries in, the
after part of the business; had the business of
witnessing allotted to them, Mr. Swabey, having
forgot that a murder even may take place in.pre-
sence of a Quaker, and the guilty person be no-
thing the worse for his testimony ; and the Rev,
Mr. Gressett, who would have sworn through
thick and thin, had no opportunity of turning his-
readiness to swear .to account, from his having
been out of the way in the nick of time, Such
is the anomalous state of England—Jiistices
against Justices—Judges against Judges—one
praising what another condemns, Each Magis-'
/rate's whim is his la*. That is, we have laws
of all sorts-=--some passed in wicked times, and
others in saintish 'times. The saint takes one
de‘eription of Acts for his guide, and the loose
fish. takes another; As much has been said with
respect to the expression used by' the Lord Chief
Justice, of boxing being a law of peace, or, as
it is now phrased, " I think the laws of boxing
are laws of peace," we subjoin the following
Note, added by his Lordship ;--" Six years ago
I went the Northern Circuit ; there were then
25 prisoners committed in the county of Lan-
caster for manslaughter.; most of them had killed
men in what they call up and down fights ; that
is, the strongest person gets his antapnist clown,
and is permitted to beat and kick him while on
the ground. I see by the newspapers,
,that at
these last Assizes for- the same place, there were
20 prisoners charged with manslaughter. The.
number of deaths from boxing all over the kiwi.-
dom,
iSisrlot equal to that in this one county
where fair boxing is unknown. .But then we
must add to this amount death from foul fiolit-
ing, and from
assassination, or attacking with
knives and deadly
_);eapons defenceless people
in other parts
Chronicle. 01 the kingdom."—Morinng

Among the abuses of the poor law system
which call most loudly for reformation is, the
practice of compulsory marriages between pau-

pers. Such a practice kg,rades the marriage
contract in the eyes of the.people, and can be
productive of nothing but misery to the parties
who are the objects of this absurd exercise of
parochial tyranny. Indeed, those laws are, as
at present interpreted and acted upon by Over-
, seerFiand a great proportion of the rural Magis-
tracy; the most effective engine for demoralising
a peasantry that human ingenuity ever invented.
There was lately an account, -in a provipcial
paper, of one of those marriages, in which the
Worshipful Beadle, in his gold-laced liat,aCted
the part of "' Hymen," and led, or rather dragged
the parties to the altar, after he had taken care
the night before, in order to insure their attend-
ance,; to handcuff them together ! Poets are
very fond of describing the God of Love as
binding his votaries in chains, but here 'we have
the manacles of courtship without any figure of
rhetoric—and no doubt much more capable of
keeping the parties in -a state of union, though
not, perhaps, a harmonious one, than such a knot
as the Clergyman could tie. What delicious
anticipations of wedded happiness there must
have:been indulged in by two human beings
whom it was necessary to chain together with
substantial links of iron the night before their
marriage ! How voluntary must have been the
ratification of the contract in the sight of Heaven,
and how likely to be productive of the felicities
of a partnership for life !. Great as is the mo-
rality of England, it is, pretty evident, from what
we see happen every day, that no crime is so
much abhorred, or so severely punished, as po-
verty. If a person swindles in the most impu-
dent manner on a large scale, as long as he is suc-
cessfnl, the law respects his character so much,
that the truth dare not be, told about him with-
out incurring the danger of the penalties of libel
either in the shape of loss of liberty, or of pro-
perty, or of both—but a pauper, however blame-
less his character may be, is supposed to have no
rights—not even the right to feel a wrong in
some cases. Yet we suspect that, if a sense of
justice does not compel the Legislature to revise
the whole system of poor laws, and rescue the
deserving class of poor from the tyranny by
which they are oppressed, the mischiefs that arise
to society will bring the system to that crisis
which will force a reformation.—Morning
Herald.

The points to which Emigration, whether ca-
sual or concerted, has hitherto been directed are
three : Australia, chiefly Van Dieman's Land ;
the Cape of Good Hope; and Canada. The
climate of Van Dieman's Land is good, the
country open, the soil fertile. It is extremely
well adapted for sheep grazing, and, indeed, that
is the species of husbandry which the most in
telligent. writers on this Colony have principally
recommended. Van Dieman's Land has, how-
ever,
great drawbacks. The character of the '
chief, almost the only description of labourers to
be met with in that country—convicted felons ;
the bush-rangers, or runaway criminals, who
keep the less protected settlements in a pprpe-
tual state of alarm ; the ferocity of the natives,
who have hitherto resisted all
_attempts to civi-
lize them ; and, lastly, the great distance from
the parent state, detract very greatly from the
comforts of emigrants proceeding thither. The
ground at the Cape, at least at Algoa Bay,
where an attempt at settlement has been made,
so far as we may judge from the letters that have
been transmitted to this country by the settlers,
is 'decidedly inferior. The settlement is exposed
to the inroads of one of the most formidable
tribes in Africa, who, from the tyranny and
oppression of the Dutch, are the inveterate
enemies of all white men. It is, moreover, ren-
dered 'dangerous by the lions, panthers, and
herds of wild elephants, with which the neigh-
bouring forests abound. Canada has none of
these disadvantages. The tracts which are '
peopled possess a sober, moral, and, for
their opportunities, an intelligent population:
There is no danger to be anticipated from
.wild beasts, nor from men more wild ; and,
lastly, it is of easy access. The climate in
Canada varies from extreme cold to nearly
tropical heat. In Lower Canada, in the neigh-
bourhood of Quebec, the winters commence in
October, and do not terminate until April, and
the frost is throughout intense. Neither in
winter, hoWever, nor in summer, is there any of
the damp • foggy weather, common in woody
countries. On the contrary, the sky is clear,
and the air bracing. The borders of the great
lakes, the tanks of the St. Lawrence, and those
of the Outawa—the whole, indeed, of Lower
Canada, with the exception here and there of a
Pine, barren, is not only uncommonly healthy,
but uncommonly fertile. Travellers luxuriate in
their descriptions of the landscape ; which, in
summer, nothing can surpass .for richness and
beauty. Streams are so numerous, as considerably
to impede travelling. The surface of the earth,
where not cultivated, is clothed, in consequence,
with the most lively verdure, so much the
more agreeable to the emigrant from Great
Britain, that it closely resembles the pleasant
fields of his native land. The forests of Canada
bear no resemblance to the jungles of India, or
the twisted brakes of South America. The
trees—the elm, the sugar maple, the hikory, and
the beech—are, for the most part, of gigantic
growth, and planted widely apart from each other,
the surface of the ground being covered with
close velvety turf, neither encumbered with
brushwood nor broken by bogs. The process of
clearing in such a country is simple and easy.
During the first season, when the settler is
struggling for necessaries, and when the object
of primary importance is to raise, by as speedy
means as possible, a sufficient supply of food,
few think of cutting down, much less of rooting
out, the trees of their allotment. They content
themselves with the process termed " girdling,"
that is, cutting round the bark sufficiently deep
to destroy the vitality of the tree. This, which
is the work of a few minutes, prevents the
pushing of the leaves, and admits freely the sun
and the air td the crop below. The ground in
the southern parts is then planted with maize,
and in the northern with potatoes, and the crop
thus sown is reaped in a few months.-
-Supposing each family of settlers to get a grant
of 100 acres of land, we have very little doubt
that, before the expiry of the seven years,
during which no return of principal or interest
of the location money would be required, not
only might nearly the whole of the grant, that
was to be cleared, be under cultivation, but a
very considerable farming capital might be accu-
mulated. It is usual, we believe, in Canada, to
leave one-fourth part of the ground . uncleared,
foi a supply of fire-wood ; and their great im-
portance to the settler naturally induces him to
spare all the maple trees. • These trees, which
foim a considerable part of the farmer's wealth,
bear a marked resemblance•to our sycamore. In
the month of February or March, when the sap
is ascending, they are tapped with an auger, and
a piece of bark inserted, by way of spout, to
direct the flow of the juice, which is received in
a vessel placed at the foot of the tree. This

juice, when inspissated ,by boiling, granulates
freely, and forms a sugar, which may be after-
sqrds refined so as very slightly to differ from
that obtained from the cane: Throughout the
whole of Lower Canada, wheat yields luxuriant.
crops, and where fresh land is turned up, it is not'
until it has been many years under Cultivation that
it requires the stimulus of manure. In Upper
Canada, 'where the temperature of the summer is
higher, and the colds of winter much less severe, the
agricultural produce is analogous to that of Spain
and the South of France. The Indian Corn
and the Vine are commonly cultivated. The
peach, a favourite tree in America, produces
frtiit in the third season after planting the stone.
As in all new settlements, the fruits are, it must
be, confessed, more• abundant than select, but
there is but little difficulty in . introducing more
valuable varieties. There can be no doubt that
the silk-worm might be profitably. cultivated in
Upper Canada. The whole of the country,
both Upper and Lower, is admirably fitted.for
bees ; and the tobacco, on the alluvial lands, by
the banks of rivers, not only yields a plentiful
return, but is said to possess a peculiar mildness
and. delicacy of flavour. Hemp and flax, for
'which an almost unlimited market may be found
in Europe, are also said to be excellently adapt-
ed to the soil of Canada. In short, to those
who carry with them a tolerable stock of indus-
try and sobriety, no portion of the British do-
minions preSents greater advantages, nth* advan-
tages which may be more speedily realized, than
that selected by the Committee of Emigra-,
tion. While recurring to the . subject of
Emigration once more, there is a circum-
stance which we feel called upon to notice.
We observed last' week, of an' Evening Jour-.
nal,- that its estimate--twenty-four pounds—
was double what had, upon evidence, the most
unbiassed and most intimately acquainted with
the facts of the case, been assumed by the Corn-
mittee. To thiS it was answered—
" With respect to the 25/. a-head, which we charge as
the mean cost of an emigrant, it is double what the Com-
mittee estimates ; but we calculate on something more
than bare transmission—some subsistence for the de-
parted migrant.

- The following is one of the items of the GO!.
allowed by-the Committee as the cost to Go-
vernment for a family of five individuals :
" Provisions, viz., rations for fifteen months for one
man, one woman, and three children, at 11b. of flour and
1-11 b. of pork for each adult, and half that quantity for
1 each child, making Si rations per diem, pork being at
41. per barrel, and flour at 11. Os. per barrel—currency
40/. 6s. 10(1."

In point of fact, the estimate of the Committee
does not include transmission. It is for loca-
tion only.--New Times.

LAW INTELLIGENCE.

COURT OF COMMON PLEAS, OCT. 9.

RICHARDSON V. SIR GODFREY WEBSTER.

This was an action for goods sold and delivered.
The plaintiff is a haberdasher at Chichester, and the
defendant was the candidate for the representation
of the town at the General Election in 1826. The
action was brought to recover the value of certain
ribbons alleged to have been furnished by the plain-
tiff to the defendant's procession men,
Mr. Sergeant RUSSELL stated, that during the
General Election of 1826, the defendant started as
a candidate to represent Chichester, and was warmly,
opposed by others. Before the defendant" went
down, he had ordered Otis -A to the extent of
101., and on his-err/Val ordered a further supply of
11/. worth. These ribbons' were supplied by the
,plaintiff, but the bill so incurred had not been paid.
The delay in satisfying the demand was considered
so unjust that a Mr. Pascoe, one of ;the Committee-
men of the defendant had" told him that the debts he
had incurred he ought to pay.
The LORD CHIEF JUSTlCE—Doubtless every
Chichester man thinks the same.—(A laugh.)
Mr. Serjeant RUSSELL would now prove the de-
livery of the goods, and confidently rely on the Jury
returning a verdict for the 21!. which the plaintiff
claithed.

Mr. Robert Pascoe, one of Sir Godfrey Webster's
Committee-men, proved the supply of the ribbons,
which were charged at 211. He thought this sum
was the fair value. The ribbons were given to voters
and to ladies.

Another Witness also proved the delivery of the
ribbons.

Mr. Serjeant TARDY, for the defendant, observed,
that the evidence of the delivery and the value of
the ribbons was .extremely slight. The Treating
Act seemed to him the most complete defence to
the action. The Learned Serjeant then read a clause,
which declared it illegal at electiOns to give any
present, fee, or reward.
The CHIEF JUSTICE declared his opinion, that
the value of the ribbons furnished for the purpose of
being given to voters, could not. be recovered in a
Court of Law. •

Mr. Serjeant TAnDY contended that the contract
itself was void.

The CHIEF JUSTICE was of a different opinion.
Verdict fpr the plaintiff—Damages 21/.

M. Bourgeois, of St. Denis, having accident-
ally encountered a person who had been taken out of the
water, volunteered his aid in the process of resuscitation,
in which he succeeded, although the man had been 20
minutes submersed, and been subjected to the " frightful"
ordeal of hanging by the heels. Proper means of recovery
were applied during a full hour without success, but at the
end of that time circulation and respiration began gra-
dually to return ; the recovery was accompanied, how-
ever, with dreadful tetanic convulsions. Bleedings were
made from the arm, to rather a copious extent, M. Bour-
geois infers, that a drowned person should never be aban-
doned until decomposition begins to manifest itself. Upon
this subject M. Leroy d'Etoiles has addressed a communi-
cation to the Academy, in support of the claims of gal-
vanism in such cases. He maintains, that if a short and
very flue needle be plunged into the side of the body, be-
tween the Bth and 9th ribs, so that it will reach the attach-
ments of the diaphragm, and a communication be established
with a pile of 25 or 30 couples of plates, of an inch dia-
meter, the diaphram will immediately contract, and an
inspiration be made. Then, by interrupting the circle
during this inspiration, and replacing it in order to excite
at length succeed in establishing a perfect
aresspeciorantdio, respiration. may

- .
A little matrimonial difference was settled on
Timber Hill, Melton "Mowbray, on Friday, in a, manner
that was rather amusing to the spectators. The parties
were a man and his wife, who appeared to have been
spending their afternoon over their cups, and had touched
upon topics that' had excited some angry words between
them, which they agreed to settle by blows. The lady
began, according to immemorial usage, by scratching the
gentleman's face, but was floored by a push ; then rising
greatly exasperated, she applied herself so astluously to her
husband's face, that he, who had hitherto been rather pas-
sive, began to thwack her with his stick, amidst loud cries
of" foul play," until the stick was taken from him. The
lady, finding that she had backers, scorned to disgrace
them by any further unscientific proceeding, and there-
fore, putting herself in a fine sparring attitude, fol-
lowed up her husband till she got him in a corner
where she pommelled him a la Crib, until, she was tired.
Having thus avenged the dignity of her sex (and the ladies
in the neighbourhood could hardly conceal their satisfac-
tion at the result), a fellow in the crowd went and patted
her husband on the back, saying that he had behaved like
a man in submitting so quietly to the chastisement which he
had received, when the lady, generous as she had shewn
herself to be brave, took the pipe in her hand, which till
that moment had never left her mouth, saluted him with a
kiss ! and they walked off together, arm in arm, as if
nothing bad happened ! to the no small amusement of
the byestanders, one of whom, to make the sight more
edifying, had placed the lady's bonnet on her husband's
head, which was not discovered by the happy pair till
they had proceeded together along the street a considerable
d 'sten GR....Leicester Chronicle.