The Sun.
London, England, 1829-10-29 00:00:00

POTATOEA.

We insert a letter signed •' R. J." on the use
of potatoes as food for the labouring poor. Its
the opinion of the writer we very much coincide
Potatoes are a very fit esculent to lower the food
of the opulent and to diminish their consump-
tion of richer viands, but as the sole support of
the poor, as a substitute for bread, they are to
tally inadequate. Man cannot live upon them
long, in health and strength, whatever may be
.;did of the Irish. Indeed, the argument derived
from the free use of the potato by. that , people.
would, if a clue examination of their physical
State were to take place, prove the very reverse
of its affording wholesome and adequate nourish-
metil td the human body.
While we are upon this subject we shall add a
few words on the use of Indian corn, about
which some stir is making. We have been for
,
calledakse)e lewo'aryns—biene gres. and where it is
ere ,
gi,,-,sut the south of Europe,
anndinyluyaelaitrisespetriiii;rcottuy acquainted with its culture
nrquie.
There never could be any question but it
could grow and ripen in England ; for in
England, in fact, it has always been grown
as an object of curiosity. The shop-wine
dows of our seedsmen in London have con-
stantly exhibited specimens of it, and they
have had the grain for sale centuries ago.—
But who would grow this trash that can grow
wheat ? By itself the Indian corn makes a
nauseous clammy bread of a bright yellow co-
lour, and if mixed with wheat, it has not half
the heart and support in it that are to be found
in wheaten and rye bread, mixed in the same
proportions. Let any one, in proof of this, look
at our hardy and muscular population in th 4
north of England, who have no other bread than
that of this latter description. The two ktmh of
corn are there sown, grown, and reaped together,
and are called hard-corn or meslin ; and a whole-
some nourishing bread it makes.
At the two extremities of Italy the poor rim?
two kinds of bread, the produce of their respec,
tive regions. At the foot of the Alps they have
a bread made of chestnuts. In the Abruzzi rossi
Calabria their bread is constituted this India 4
corn, and the two kinds are equally wretched.
The chestnut bread of the Alps occasions nodo-'
sities, swelled joints, and ultimately contracted
limbs. The Indian corn bread gives swine the
mange, and man the scurvy. But where no-
thing else can be produced, man must be content
to sustain life on such terms as he can.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE TIMES.
Sta,—The amelioration of the present food of the
poor being the subject and object of the following',
observations, it is hoped they will not be tbotrglr
unworthy the columns of your valuable paper, in
a more especial manner is noticed the rapidity wlth
which potatoes are gaining upon bread. That pp
verty has constrained a great part of the people of
England almost entirely to forego the use of bread,
and to have recourse to potatoes as a substitute,
must have forced itself upon the notice of all whose
leisure permits the inquiry. Passing the question,
whether potato cultivation is more or less profitable
to the agriculturist, it forms part of the present in-
quiry, if on the whole the nation does not, in per-
haps every point of view, lose by this change of food.
As an esculent accompanying meats, we all admit
its excellent and agreeable qualities, and thus asso-
ciated, a labourer may bid the retirement of the
wheaten loaf; but though he may be too often des-
titute of the means of procuring meat, that it should
come to pass that this root, varying so much as it
does in quality, should, from the high price of bread,
form the chief, sometimes the sole, food of the pro•
verbially well-fed Englishman, is a thought enough
to rouse the deepest feelings of the whole kingdom,
and calls for legislative intervention to stop its fur•
Cher progress. No proprietor, no legislator, not is
Nobleman in the land, would surely afford such a
civic triumph to our Continental neighbours.

Potatoes sustain life in common with other edible
vegetable matter; but they do not satisfy, much less
gratify, the demands of nature as bread does. The
latter replenishes the system of itself, unaided by
flesh meats, whilst such meagre food as the former,
a root sometimes of a quality almost worthless, pro-
vokes and nurses a desire of ardent spirits, and places
the individual so miserably fed in the situation of a
traveller whose fare being courser than usual, finds
consolation in extending the indulgence of strong
potations. Poor nouriture may chive a whole people
into habits of drunkenness, into which, with better
fare, few, comparatively, would be led; thus we
may soon see the hitherto steady, industrious, joyous
English people, changed into a nation of miserable,
turbulent drunkards. What a bequest for future
legislators !
In Europe, inebriety prevails less in those coun-
tries where wheaten bread is universally attainable ;
it forms the greater part of human sustenance, even
where a great variety of flesh meat and fish is ok-
tained at little cost. The potato root, increasing
with us in the ratio of the poverty of the laborious,
ought not to be permitted to usurp dominion over
the fairest productions of our soil. The farmers of
North America, who cultivate wheat extensively,
have, from time to time, put to the test of husbandry
some new object of economical cultivation, endea-
vouring to obtain a nutritious, and agreeable, and a
cheaper aliment than wheaten bread. Yet these ex-
periments, even in their favourable summers, have
not been very successful, and wheaten bread still re-
mains their common food ; for though the meal of
Indian corn or maize is palatable, and much used for cu-
linary purposes instead of wheaten flour, it cannot be
made into bread. Having said thus much ofthiscorn,it
may be observed that it can hardly be expected to
mature in our climate, Lut in a continually dry I.ar-
vest-season : its produce therefore would be uncer-
tain, and its cultivation illusory, for any permanently
useful purpose. Experiments may falsify this opi-
nion; nevertheless, it is advanced with some know-
ledge of its culture and of the climates in which it
thrives. It is worthy remark, that though raised in
the part of Europe washed by the Mediterranean
Sea, the cultivation of this grain has not spread far
northward of those latitudes. Wheaten bread, then,
is to us the true staff of life, as such it has main-
tained itself through the lapse of centuries, and de-
gradation, with its other destructive consequence,,
will attend the change. Evils so productive of their
baneful species it is the interest and duty of every
one, by all possible and proper ways, to endeavour
to avert.

What means a labouring man with a family has
of procuring a sufficiency of bread will be seen by
viewing his situation a little closely.
His wages, when in full employment, are 12s. a
week ; they may be less, hut, it is to be feared, sel-
dom more. This scarcely, if at all, permits himself,
his wife, and five young children, to live entirely on
coarse wheaten bread ; the value of a pound of such
bread is a fraction more than 2d.: allotting a pound
to each individual per diem, more than eight shil-
lings of the above sum would be thus expended ;
the wife, under favourable circumstances, may earn
eneugh to purchase the clothing of herself and family,
and occasionally scanty A upplies of meat and gro-
ceries; the remainder of his wages are demanded for
house-rent and a miserable supply of fuel ;
his own clothing must be obtained by extra la-
bour, or a course of privations, by turns of eco-
nomy, or by adventitious expedients which that,
class of people only know or can endure. Pota-
toes and mead, then, divide his fare. It would be
well, however, if we could see our labourers, the
faithful cultivators of the soil, in the universal and
permanent possession of such a provision.. What„,„
then, is the condition of those who are but.partly it-22-
)
employed ! They form beyond a doubt a vast body ,
nu
of the nation, and their member increaser as tl,a ''sr, )
;,.
•-i-
- n " ir,' 4,•.::,:_v:1i.,1),',„ iZI
. 7,,ii" ". • SN'il
‘K.--T

former are compelled to retire into their ranks ; they
struggle to avoid the scanty parish relief, or the more
frequent repulse, and are driven to the resorts of the
dissolute and vagrant. Potatoes are their substitute
for every other kind of food, and the means of pro-
curing this lowest support of human kind are, in the
ease of a large and young family, more precarious
with one of them, than with one wholly unem-
ployed, whose wants are, of necessity, known to the
parish.

Is it to the interest of landlords that consumers of
bread should be lessened ? Is it politic that the
strength of the nation should continue ill-fed? Is it
just that the laborious should thus suffer ?
A practical measure is not proposed in these ob-
servations, because I am not prepared to offer one :
still I am of opinion, from the tecans in the power of
the nation, and without di,turbitr a single law or
tax, that it is in the power of the Legislature, b.;
proving the labourer's diet, to add to the '..,omforts of
the many and advance the interest r.:4 the eommti,ll.v
at large,---I remain, Sir, your
er'v er Vat it,'

R. J.

TILE

. I:'eneral Loril G. C. 13., and G.C.11., Coqi:nandtt-
hold a levee this day, at his edict. in
the 14orse Gnarl's.

MAIDSTONE CAVALRY DEPOT.

.0-mnatandant, Col. Sir J. Blown, Knt. 13th Ligh
Uttgoons ; Assistant Commandant, Lieut.-Col. Midd!e.
txtn, h. p. ; Riding. Master and Adjutant, Cornet ?Wpm
nough ; Quarter Master, Francis iroey ; Veterinary Sur-
geon, James Berrington.

GENERAL HOSPITAL AND INVALID DEPOT AT CHAT-

itA)C, &C.

Commandant, Colonel Sir Archibald Christie, fit. ;
Staff Captains, Bt. Major C. Bentley ; Bt. .3..ajer Ebkart,
York Hospital, Chelsea ; Paymaster, Colonel Cuylor ;
Paymaster of Cavalry and Infantry detachments el regi-
e;ents in India, James Macdonald ; Acting Adjutant, Lieu-
tenant A. Child, 40th root.
rtinixt-, MAMA'S-EMI:NT At ST. JOHN'S

VA VALI,. V

OOD BARRACKS, REGENT'S 'ARK.
Superintendent, Lieut.-Colonel T. W. Taylor; Riding
Alaster, Capt. L. C. A. Meyer; Amin Adjutant, Cor-
net Fred. Kinkier ; Acting dy,., Cornet M‘Donough ; Su-
perintendent of Swnr(l Exervoe, Mr. Henry Angelo.

NATICAL QUERIES.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

- -
you do mt. tbo favour, at your own
li.'ttvenience, to put the tin6..stion (which I have no
'doubt will be spev.dily answered), viz.—What is the
drairea oft der of a first-rate man-of-war, when
fly maimed, victualled, and stored for sea, or what
is the greatest draught or immersion of the largest
-ship in the navy, os above? Again,—Uhat water
*loes an East Indianian of the largest class draw,
.fiilly laden, manned, ant! stored, when going to sea
—and oblige yout mistant subscriber,

PHILO-NA UTICUS.
P. S.—Your excellent Journal I have seen at
Portsmenth and other naval ports, and have no
doulA %crne nautical friends, attached to the Naval
Rnd East India Department, vi ill pop into your box
the required information.
London, Oct. 28.

P. N.

lENTAL DISEASES.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE SUN.

!.zia.,—Your having expressed yourself in a very
ceding manner upon the subject of mental diseases,
eatli me to suppose that a few observations, by one
long experienced in that afflictive malady, may prove
acceptable,

Sir Andrew Halliday is much to be commended
for his labours in procuring returns of the numbers
:4filieted with-lunacy or idiotism, but I suspect that
his report may lead to very erroneous conclusions.
In the tirst place, the numbers stated are, I suspect,
very much under the truth ; and the reports, in many
instames, have only reference to paupers or poor
people whose cases are notorious. In the next, that
the proportion of idiots to lunatics is stated greatly
too high. Rea' . idiots I hold to be those who were
born so—those in whom the mind had never been
developed, owing to some original defect or malcon-
formation, very different to the mental imbecility
occasioned by diseases, to which all are liable, in the
progress of human life. The number of born idiots
is, I believe, small in this our land, and the number
of those being idiots born, who become parents, very
'.mall indeed ; but the number of those who become
afflicted with nervous diseases in early life, and which
terminate in mental imbecility, alarmingly great.
The number found at any one period of those
atilictvd with mental diseases, compared with any
other period, is no proof of the comparative num-
bers who are visited by the disease; for much de•
penis upon the treatment of it. Undcr the very
hest Irosnnent, which might be practised as a legis-
lative measure, no doubt nine out of ten of the
pauper lunatics would recover; but under the prac-
tice which now prevails, as a legislative measure, it
is found that nine out of ten do not recover, and may
during life be found in the list of incurable lunatics',
or idiots, Suppose we take fifteen years as the
average term of life of incurable lunatics, it would
require eight hundred fresh cases annually to keer
up the stock of twelve thousand, and if only one out
ti ten cases remained as incurable, it would require
eight thousand fresh cases of insanity annually to
keep up the supply ; but if only one out of ten re-
covered, eight hundred fresh cases annually would
be sufficient to keep up the supply ; and the dete-
rioration in the treatment of the insane which has
most unfortunately taken place within the last twenty
years for paupers, is quite sufficient to account for
the alarming increase in the number of incurables.
It is well known that Dr. Willis, some thirty years
ago, stated that of those insane patients who were
put under his care while the disease was recent, that
nine out of ten recovered; and yet a learned pliy-
iciao, who was medical attendant at one of the best
appointed county asylums in the kingdom, told me
a few months since that they calculated upon one
recovery out of ten cases. T. B.

DRURY-LANE THEATRE.

TO THE EDITOR OF THE MORNING ADVERTISER.

SlR,—Having been present at a conversation on
Monday niAt, conversation arose on the subject of
the number of theatres burnt down in the metro-
polis within the last century, when a gentleman
present betted that two theatres had been destroyed
by fire successively on the site of the present Drury-
lane Theatre. I ventured, so far as my recollection
served me, to contend that thin was not the fact, and
it was agreed to refer it to you, or some of your cor-
respondents, with a request to obtain authentic in-
formation on the subject, should it not be thought
too much trouble.
AN OCCASIONAL CORRESPONDENT.
[ln answer to our Correspondent, we have to
mice that Drury-lane iheatre had its origin in a
Cock-pit, which was converted into a theatre in the
reign of James the First, previously to 1617, in
which year, on the 4th of March, according to Cam-
den's Annals, it was pulled down by a furious mob,
but on what account it does not appear. It was
• afterwards - called the Cock-pit and the Plicenis
Theatre, having adopted that fabulous bird as its
sign. After the Restoration a patent was obtained
by Killigrew, who, in 1662, erected a theatre on
the site of the present building, the old one having

been situated nearly opposite the Castle Tavern,
where Cockpit-alley now is. In January, 1671, the
new edifice was destroyed by fire ; but it was re-
built soon afterwards by Sir Christopher Wren.—
The fabric underwent many alterations prior to
1793, when a magnificent theatre was built, from the
designs of the late Henry Holland, Esq., which was
destroyed by fire the 24th of February, 1809, in
the course of five hours. The present theatre was
built in the years 1911 and 1812, at the expence of
150,0001. Covent-garden was destroyed by fire the
28th September, 1808.]—ED. Morning Advertiser.

The Austrian' Ambassador bad an interview
yesterday with the Duke of WELLINGTON at the Manny.

61)'
4p70".7..,
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•
;.J.4•r,•, •
- •

LONDON,
THURSDAY EVENING, OCTOBER 29, 1829.

The French Papers of \l'onday and Tuesday
have been received. They state that the last
act of the ratification of peace has been accom-
plished. The smuggling affair is not yet al-
lowed to sleep, for we find now that the French
themselves are to come in for a share of the
obloquy, by a new transaction at Calais, in
which Prince PoLIGNAC is concerned.
(From the Gazette de France, dated Tuesday.)

CONSTANTINOPLE, OCT. 1.

It was after a great Council held on the 27th at
the Palace of the Sera trier Chosrew Pacha, at
which, besides the Ministers of the Porte, the Mati
and the Sultan himself were present, the ratifica-
tions of the treaty of .Adrianople were signed, and
despatched the same day.
It is affirmed that General Diebitsch has replied
to the application made to him for passports for the
Turkish Embassy which was going to St. Peters-
burgh, that he did not think himself authorised to
do this without first applying to his Sovereign, but
that he had no doubt that his august master would
look upon this step of the Porte as a fresh proof of
its sincere desire to consolidate the restoration of the
amicable relations of Rnssia. The blockade of the
Dardanelles with the Russian fleet is now raised,
and merchantmen of all nations pass the Hellespont
without obstacle and without being searched.

TOULON, OCT. 19.

It appears that all our first-rate men-of-war will
be soon dismantled, and that only the smaller vessels
will be retained, which will serve for the instruction
of the young recruits. The first vessel to he dis-
mantled is the Scipio, which was stopped by a tele-
graphic despatch at the moment that it was in the
roads, on the point of sailing for the Levant. Al-
ready more than 3,000 sailors have been discharged
in the maritime district of Toulon.
FRENCH FUNDS.—PARIS, OCT. 26.—Five per Cents.,
108 f. 15e. ; Three per Cents., 821. 55c. 50c. ;
Stock, 1,865 f. ; Boars de Napier., 891. 90c. 90f. 901.
10c. 15c. 20c ; Royal Spanish Loan, 77-A. 77 76i_ ;
Rente Perpetuelle d'Espagne, 52A- aa4 ; Hay tiara
Loan, 346(.—Exchange on London, one month, 25f. 65c. ;
three months, 25f. 50c.

(From the Me3sager des Chambres of Tuesday.)
SECOND EDITION.

FROM THE BANKS OF TILE DANUBE, OCT. 21.

The last act of the ratification of peace has been
accomplished. The restless curiosity of the pub-
lic, which had been kept in suspense respecting the
final issue of the affairs of the East, will henceforth
have no aliment. if it is true that the fate reserved
for the Porte is not such as to promise eternal dura-
tion, at least we have no reason to fear that the
good understanding between the European Cabinets
will be disturbed in favour of Mahmoud. Europe
may now look with confidence for several years of
peace, by which we do not mean that the great
statesmen who direct the several Cabinets will lie
inactive, and suffer themselves to be surprised by the
events which are concealed in the bosom of futumity.
There is still a great deal to be done to binder the
renewal of the conflagration which threatened us
from the East. First of all it is es ential that the
fate of Greece should be fixed on a durable and glo-
rious foundation.

• If we are well informed, the French Government,
in conformity with the spirit of the age, seems to
take great interest in the emancipation of Greece.—
But even when the Greek question is decided, the
European Cabinets will have enough to employ their
wisdom and activity to merit the gratitude of the
civilised world. '1 hey must use their influence with
the Porte to induce the latter to guarantee the com-
merce of the East, to avert the scourge of the plague,
and to secure the property of the Christian subjects.
It is by such measures that the Sultan may regain
the esteem of Europe, and legitimate his claims to
the title of reformer. To continue to reign on a
system of hatbarism would be a disgrace to him and
to Europe.

PkRIS, OCT. 27.

We have received from Calais a letter from the
Chamber of Commerce of that town, respecting an
event which excites general attention there. Our
readers will recollect that some time ago prohibited
manufactured goods were introduced into France,
under cover of the franchises of the English Em-
bassy. The same fraud has just been repeated on
the conveyance to France of the furniture of M. de
Polignac.
(The Chamber states in the letter, that it had re-
ceived positive information that there were in the
Custom-house eighty packages brought by the
Nereid, and addressed to the 'Prince de Foligraw,
stated in the invoice, dated London, Bth instant, to
contain furniture, books, &c. but that there is in
these packages a great quantity of English tulle, the
importation 'of which is prohibited.)
PARIS STOCK EXCHANGE, OCT. 27.—Five per Cents.
108 f. 30r. 35e. 30r. 35c. ; Four and a Half per Cents,
104 f. ; Three per Cents, 82f. 65c. 70e. ; Bank Stock,
1865 E ; Rentes de Naples, 90f. 20e. 40c. 35c. 40c.
90f. 45c. 40c. 35c. ; Rente d'Espagne, ; Royal
Spanish Loan, 761.. i. 77. 76i,; Rente Perp. d'Eap.
53. 53i. ; Haytian Loan, 347 f. 50e.
(From the Austrian Obserrer of 18th Oct.)
VIY.NNA, OaT. 17.—Metalliques, 1021 ; Bank Shares,
1236 1.5.

German Papers have been received to the 24th
instant. They contain no real news, unless we
may consider probable reports as such.
.The
SULTAN is said to have experienced great diffi-
culty in paying the first instalment. The war
being now ended, the Turks begin to discover

thl it ,
at t usstans hat, had great advantages in
the second campaigur—and that the GRAND
VIZIER had committed a grievous fault in risking
the battle of tht ith June—points upon which
nobody ever entertained a doubt that took the
trouble of considering the relative situation of the
Belligerents
FRONTIERS OF SERVIA, OCT. 8.
The peace having been ratified on the 27th Sept.
it is believed that the ratifications will be exchanged
by the Middle of October. The Porte is said to
have had much difficulty in providing the first instal-
merit of the sum fixed for the indemnification of the
merchants, and this is reported to be the chief
ground why the Sultan delayed the ratification
thirteen days. If it was difficult to find even this sum,
which is so small in proportion to the whole, it does
not appear how the Porte will be able to fulfil the
engagements into which it has entered with Russia
for the plyment of the sums agreed upon, unless
Russia should consent to a considerable reduction of
the amount, or some new sources opened to fill the
treasury of the Sultan, which is now quite exhausted.
The English Ambassador, Sir Robert Gordon, is
said to have invited Admiral Malcohn to cruise with
his squadron off the Dardanelles, Admiral Heyden,
on his side, has raised the blockade, and intended to
go to Poros. .

The Pacha of Scutari, who was inactive during
the whole campaign, and must have been well-in-
formed at the close of it of the. negociations for
peace and their progress, seems to have undertaken
his expedition towards Sophia, chiefly for the pur-
pose of making himself talked of, and thereby to re-
gain the favour of the Sultan. It is said he intends
to go to Greece if he should not succeed in getting
himself summoned to the capital.

ANCONA, OCT. 11.

Ft:lions tempests have done much damage in the
Mediterranean and the Adriatic. The exchange of
couriers between Corfu and London is very active.
Last week two couriers to the Lord lligh Comthis-
sioner passed through this city. It is affirmed that
importrnt events will take place in Greece, which
demand the attention of the English Government,
and that the English troops in the lonian Islands
will again receive considerable reinforcements. A
fortnight ago about 4,000 troops were landed at
Malta.

FRANKFORT, OCT. 21.

We have received some numbers of the Courricr
de Smyrne, which came down to the 13th Septem-
ber, and are partly filled with transactions of the
fourth National Assembly of Greece, the chief par-
ticulars of which we have already communicated.—
The accounts from Constantinople are only to the
7th of September. The Cortrrier speaks in high
terms of General Diebitsch and those under him.—
On the second campaign it observes--
, " Three things have chiefly decided the issue of
the second campaign : the exclusive possession of the
Black Sea by the Russians, the particular character
of the Grand Vizier, and the talents of the Russian
Commander-in-Chief. After the destruction of the
Sultan's fleet, the way was opened for the Russians
to their victims on the coast of the Euxine,
and to the Bosphorus. This is a fact against
which no reasoning will avail. If the army
of General Diebitsch had been deprived of
the mewls of receiving supplies and reinforcements
by way of Sizeboli, an'! of threatening the capital
from Bourgas and Ainada, the Itussian army would
not have ventured to cro,s the Balkan, however weak
the resistance that might have been there made to it.
The Grand Vizier had the courage of a soldier, and
desired to m,asure his strength fairly with the
enemy, but his zeal led him to far. But what man
of honour can blame him ? His regular troops emu-
lated his zeal in the battle of the 11th of June, and
40,000 men, after a battle of four hours, obliged the
best troops of Russia to give up their whole line of
battle, and to bring forward 70,000 men to obtain
the victory. On this occasion this new institution
proved what it could already perform, and what may
be expected from it. But when the well being of
an empire is at stake the suggestions of elevated
feelings must not always be attended to; this_ battle
was a fault, and an immense fault, but such an one
as only a great mind could have been guilty of.
From that moment General Diebitsch displayed
military talents of the highest order, and may be
placed among those illustrious men who have distin-
guished themselves in the wars of our times."

Brussels Papers, of the 28th October, con

Lain no news.

The customary despatches from Lord STUART
DE ROTHSAY, at Paris, and Sir THOM,As
BAGOT, at the Hague, have been received at
the Foreign Office this morning.

Baron BcLow, the Prussian Ambassador,
had a long conference with the Earl of ABER-
DEEN this morning at the Foreign Office.

The following has been received this morning
from our Paris Correspandent

" PARIS, OCT. 27.

" The separate Treaty between Russia and
the Porte, of which you are no doubt in posses-
sion, regarding the Principalities of Moldavia
and Wallachia, appears to me to be liable to
much more serious objections than the original
or principal Treaty of Adrianople. In all its
parts it is admirably calculated to favour those
deigns upon the Principalities, for which it is
supposed that the policy of Russia has been so
long preparing ; and nothing could afford a
stronger demonstration of the miserable condi-
tion to which the Sultan must have been reduced,
than his accession to a Treaty containing what
is evidently a virtual abdication of his sovereign
'authority. For the nominal sovereignty which
the Sultan has been permitted to retain, seems
to be scarcely more substantial than that which
the King of Sardinia exercises over Cyprus and
Jerusalem, or than that which, until the acces-
sion of his present Majesty, was asserted over
France by the Kings of England. The Turks,
domiciliated on the territory of the Principalities,
are no longer to be permitted to remain there ;
and every thing seems carefully calculated to
pave the way for the future incorporation of these
provinces with the Russian empire. It is true
that a tribute is still acknowledged to be due to
the Sultan, together with a recompence in money
for the duties and services which were hitherto
exigible, and which are now abolished ; but the
most remarkable circumstance connected with
this solitary remnant of sovereignty is, that it is
not to be payable for two years, not from the
date of the Treaty, but from the indefinite period
when the Principalities shall be entirely evacuated
by the Russian troops. It is not easy to con-
ceive a stipulation better calculated to secure the
favour of the inhabitants towards a Power it, the
relative situation of Russia. The whole popu-
lation will from henceforth be relieved of the
vexatious and innumerable exactions to which
they have hitherto been liable ; and as long as
they can prevail on their not reluctant protectors
to favour them with their personal countenance,

! under any conceivable pretext, they will also be
relieved from the pecuniary substitute contem-
plated in the Treaty. The period of military
occupation, two years after the termination of
which is fixed as the terminus a quo, from
which the exemption from taxes is also to be ter-
minated, seems as yet to be wholly undefined ;
but taking it at ten years from the date of the
Treaty, the Moldavians and Wallachians will
thus have secured an immunity from all taxation
for twelve years certain ; and supposing the Ot-
toman Power ir, Europe to subsist so long, it
will be strange indeed if some event does not
arise in the course of so long a period, after the
habit of immunity has been so deeply rooted, to
enable them to make it perpetual, or perhaps to
divert the revenues of these provinces into the
channel of the Imperial treasury of St. Peters-
burgh. In the mean time, however, the whole
proceeding has been so dexterously arranged by
the Russian diplomatists, that it may perhaps be
difficult to find a sufficient reason, consistently
with the recognized principles of international
law, for the interference of the great Powers of
Europe, whose common interests are likely to be
affected by the important change which is now
to take place in Eastern affairs, unless it shall be
thought that such a case of necessity has arisen,
as to entitle them to regard the Ottoman autho-
rity as virtually annihilated, and to erect in its
room some new form of Government, founded
on the broad basis of civil right, and suited in
some degree to the present progress of civiliza-
tion. Sooner or later it is clear that something
of this kind must be attempted ; and it would
surely be better to engage in it while the world
is in a state of tranquillity, than to wait until
some new cause of disturbance has arisen, and
until the elements of discord, which are already
fermenting in more than one State of Europe,
shall have precipitated the world into a general
war. It is in vain to suppose that any effort of
human diplomacy can ever restore the power of
the Sult:mn to that place which it has so long
been admitted to occupy in the general balance
of the affairs of Europe. Like OHC of the hu-
man figures discovered in Herculaneum or Pom-
peii, or the still more ancient tenants of the
Pyramids of Egypt, the power of the Sultan
could not be touched or breathed upon without
falling to pieces. It has been touched—it is in
the act of falling—and it is time for those who
are interested in the event to make immediate
preparations for the consequences.
" The opponents of the French Ministry are
still as active as ever in preparing for its over-
throw. A great number of Deputies are already
in Paris, where they have regular meetings for
the purpose of arranging a system of opposition
for the approaching Session of the Chambers.
The refusal of the Budget is a point on which
all the opponents of the Ministry will be united,
by whatever shades of opinion they may happen
to be distinguished ; but I believe it is not yet
settled whether the whole of the Ministerial mea-
sures of finance are to be resisted en masse, or
whether they are to be discussed and objected to
in detail.

" A recent measure of the Ministry, which
affects the feelings at least of a considerable
number of individuals, now occupies the atten-
tion of the Society of Paris, although it has not
yet been subjected to discussion by the press.—
You are aware that patents of nobility and marks
of personal distinction are granted in this country
with much more profusion than in England ; and
as the fees of the patent right, or other inferior
privilege, are considerable in amount, it has long
been customary for the party who has recom-
mended himself to the Royal favour, to content
himself with the usual notice of his new dignity
in the Moniteur, and with kissing hands at the
next levee, without incurring the expense of ap-
plying at the Herald-office for the written voucher
of his title. During the late Ministry, and at
the time of the accession of the present Cabinet,
a great number of individuals found themselves
in this situation ; but within these few days a
Royal Ordonnance has appeared, recalling all
such honorary distinctions as have not been con-
firmed by the necessary patents—leaving, how-
ever, a short period to the parties to apply, if so
disposed, for the confirmation of their titles re-
quired by law. Such, however, is the keenness
of the feeling of hostility to the present Mi-
nistry, that. I believe in a great number of in-
stances the individuals thus situated will decline
to apply for their patent rights within the period
limited by the present ordonnance. There are,
some, no doubt, who refuse the distinction on
separate and independent grounds. Of this
number is M. Ternaux, a distinguished member
of the Chamber of Deputies, and one of the
individuals who originated the Parisian Associa-
tion against the levy of taxes unauthorised by
law. This gentleman is one of the most enter-
priaing manufacturers in France, and is engaged
in a great variety of commercial undertakings.—
He has lately purchased a large estate in one of
the northern provinces, and having converted the
extensive chateau into a linen manufactory, he
is about to engage in the culture of flax, for the
purpose of bringing that branch of manufacture
into notice in his neighbourhood. M. Ternaux
was one of the individuals who was destined for
the honours of the Peerage. To a man of his
great wealth the fees of the patent were of course
a matter of no consideration ; but he has, never-
theless, uniformly declined to make the neces-
sary application for the muniments of his
title—
and, unlike a number of those who are similarly
situated, he has also declined to avail himself of
the unsolicited honours which had been awarded
him, alleging, as his motive, that he would not
have his sons ashamed of their father's occupa-
tion, and referring to the letters of rehabilita-
tion, which had been obtained by such of the
emigrant noblesse as had been obliged, in the
course of their exile, to have recourse for the
means of subsistence to mercantile pursuits,
which he naturally enough considers as an indi-
rect imputation on those pursuits which have
raised him to so respectable a station among the
1 reasonable classes of his countrymen."

In our columns of to-day our readers will find
the account of an ir,t^"r',ting appeal that was
brought forward at the Devon Quarter Sessions,

where a respectable individual, named MER-
CHETTI,appealed against the decision ofsome local
Magistrates, by which decision he was prevented
from opening an hotel at Torquay. The ap-
peal, we are glad to find, was successful : and is
important so far as it tends to break one of the
numerous heads of the overgrown Hydra
of monopoly. The facts of the case, which was
an unusually hard one, are simply these :
There is only one hotel at Torquay, a
watering place which, from the transcendant
beauty of its situation, and the extraordinary
mildness and salubrity of its climate, is much fre-
quented during the autumnal, and more eveci-
ally the winter months. Within the last rew
years, from being merely a fishing hamlet, it has
grown up to be one of the most favourite spots
in the South of Devon, and as such, the want
of hotels was severely felt, and often complained
of. In this exigence, M ERCHETTI, with a
laudable spirit of enterprize, resolved to supply
the deficiency, .and with this view applied for
leave to open a respectable and economical hotel.
Strange to say, his application was refused l There
was not the slightest attempt made to impeach
his character ; but it so happened, that the
only hotel-keeper at Torquay was an influen-
tial man (a tenant, or something of the sort)
with one of the leading Magistrates of the
neighbourhood. Of course, therefore, he must
lie supported, which could only be done by re•
fusing poor MERCHETTI his license. Mean-
while the evil increased apace ; • and the necessity
for a quiet and cheap hotel becoming every day
more imperative, MERCHETTI was persuaded to
appeal from the former decision, and obtain for
the public that convenience which they so much
needed. The appeal, we repeat, was successful,
and will be the means of making Torquay one of
the most convenient, as it is already one of the
most romamtic watering-places in the kingdom.

THE FUNDS.--(THIS DAY.)

CITY, Twzr.rz o' aver.

The Express from Paris, received this morning, having
brought the information that the last act of the ratifi-
catbm of peace was accomplished, which now must de-
cidedly put at rest the public curiosity, and that Europe
may expect with canfidrnce seven] years of peace, this
has had some little effect on our Funds this morning,
which opened at 911 for the Account, since which
they have readied 91t ; but owing to some Money Stock
being brought to Market, Consols receded to 91e for the
Acc,,,unt, and 91 for Money. At present they may be quoted
91i to 1, with a Market not so promising as yesterday.
Letters from Lisbon, of the same date as the last ac-
counts, give the following statement of Don Miguel's
usurpation :—The number of prisoners, to the llth of this
month, arc 23,190 persons; exiled or secretly confined,
40,790 ; assassinations, 1,123 ; houses burnt, 166 ;. per-
sons' property sequestered, 17,313 Persons executed arc
not mentioned.
In the Foreign Market nothing doing as yet.
ENGLISH FUNDS.
Bank Stock, 215 16 31,- per Cent. 991 i
India Stock, 12224- '2231 New 4 per Cent., 1031
3 per Cent. Gans. 90i , 4 per Cent. 1826 104 ë
Do., for Account, 9 t India Bonds, 62 63
Ditto Reduced, 90t- Exchequer Bills, 73 74

FOREIGN FUNDS.
Greek, 191 20
Mexican, 2O I
Peruvian, IS 14
Portuguese, 48i
Prussian,
Russian, 1044
Spanish, Si i
TWO O'CLOCK.

Brazilian, 65-
Buenos Ayres, 23 5
Chilian, 21 2
Colombian, 191 20
Danish, '721 3
French, 5 per Cent. 107 SI
Ditto, 3 per Cent. 824

The Bears have obtained this day a victory over
the Bulls. Consols, which were, at the commence-
ment of business, at 9l for the account, with an
apparent good market, are now heavy at N and
90i for money.
THREE O'CLOCK.
Consols for Account, 9li ; for Money, 90i.

SHIPPING INTELLIGENCE.--(THIS DAY.)

FROM LLOYD'S.

DEAL, OCT. 28.—Wind N.N.E.—Arrived from
London, the Endymion, for Gibraltar; Reward,
Waterlilly ; Simon, Taylor; Recta, Ann, Birkeley,
and Shaw, for Jamaica.
PLYMOUTII, OCT. V.—Wind W.—Arrived the
Pedestrian, Holman, from Memel.
LIVERPOOL, OCT. 27.--Arrived the William,
Thompson, from New York ; and Elizabeth, Hodg-
son, from Narva.
LEITH, OCT. 27.—Arrived the Providence, Mil-
ler, from Malaga ; Horatio, Chester; Rover, Briggs ;
and Hope, Brown, from Memel.
GUERNSEY, OCT. 27.—Arrived the Luna, John-
son, from Gothenburg ; and Minerva, Pearce, from
Copenhagen.
JERSEY, OCT. 27.—Arrived the Jessy and Ca-
pepus, Resignal, from St. Petersburgh ; and Laurel,
Joyce, from Bremen.