The Sun.
London, England, 1829-04-14 00:00:00

good, to those who entreated its adoption. The They are, as gentlemen, conversantio with the subject 1 India. It will be seen how particularly applicable a
m
French set instantly to work to make fresh pieces of knoty,
used
e inconnected ProPor t
both n a
sa th stid j rated duty. It is strictly consistent with the represen-
. lwer am informed by a I duty on the value is on these articles, in preference to a
ro
the prescribed length., while the rejected pieces
falling as instantly in value, were purchased at low I'.:
gentlemannufaC trr ex te(ni cs equale l
uyri ncess a re to mention names), that he 1 tations of those manufacturers who contend against the
prices, and smuggled into this country. Besides lately purchased a quantity of raw silk in Lombardy, one- ! duty being taken by weight, apprehending that the
that, the manufacturer, in the interval allowed hire half of which was thrown into a train in Italy, and the Bandana handkerchiete of India, by being made of a
other half into the same article in this country; that, add- ! finer quality, would weigh less, and b_• therefore liable to
for preparation, did not apply himself to the im-
ing the import-duty of 35., his Italian trans cost him j a less duty, while their value lias greatly increased. I
provernent of his goods. The duty on thrown silk Is. 10d. more than that thrown in England. With re- I will not here instance this particular article, to prove
was left too high, for which the trade has itself to spect to tram, therefore, there can be no difficulty in re- what the effects of competition has been upon the manufac-
blame. They conspired with the throwsters in fur- duction, nor can I believe that there ought to be any in tures of this country. The sale of English. Bandanas was
t
nishing reasons to Government why so high a duty acceding to the proposition which I shall hive tbenhonour quoted onb a precedingteveuninrg inn pr.oortuttinfenitiatlel
~,;t„.,
for
hsas.ndto,.
should be preserved. Added to this impediment of to make, ofi.redltiakinnogwthteb,,dtultysbosilit fio)eretUrl- 71tIrragta,nozni thefroonme willthis diminutionit el
ieceossfardyutyo,
nor for
e a
aY recurrencear to the inea-
supplying themselves with Italian thrown silk for
those purposes to which that alone was applicable, . 315.g..06(t00 fir in this that
proposition ; that the throwster, • sure of value, inasmuch as in the last Session of Parlia-
was another, arising out of a navigation law, which and particularly those who throw the fine silks, must be ment the opinion of the House has pretty distinctly pro-
prohibitedmateriall affected by it. I shall be taunted, on the other nounced upon it. Indeed, I know not what British irate_
the importation of thrown silk, except
hand, byy those with whom in general principles I concur, rests can justly rev aim against it. while India, and all who
from the place of its production. The consequence
for not going far enough,—for withholding, as they will are connected with our shipping interest, or with the corn-
was, that towards the close of 1825, the manufac-
accuse me of doing, from the English manufacturer, the merce of that country, must receive every boo i of this
tuners came to Government and declared that they material of his work. I must subm:t, Sir, to those impu- nature as a valuable concession. I have now, Sir, impel.-
were at a stand for want of material. They repre- tations; but I console myself with thinking, that in re- fectly, lam aware, submitted to the House these propo-
sented that the duty was too high—that it was a shirting the application of the throwsters for what they call sitions which I deem essentiall for restoring the si-manu-
particular sort of organise, which could not be made an increased protection, I save them from themselves : their facture to a more wholesome state. have endeavoured..
in England,—and that speculators had got posses- ruin must be inevitable. if the manufacturer be not encou- to show that the distress which unhappily exists, and in
the reduction of the present duty, 1 which every man must sympathize, is not imputable to the
sion of all that was imported, or could be for that ramgeststailnneroinpostibneg
opinion that he will have sufficint repeal of those laws under which the trade was formerly
season imported, from the place
.of its production, as
required by the law of navigation. They said, at protection,a and that without that reduction the manufac- conducted. It is seen that the embarrassments are not
the same time, that there was plenty of Italian tuner cannot go on. I hold myself and the Government confined to one branch of the trade, nor to this trade alone,
thrown silk to be obtained in other countries, if itn- unpledged as to any future scale of reduction : let it not nor yet to this country. It exists extensively in other
be implied that we are bound to this amount, branches of our industry, and is to he ascribed in all of
portation were allowed. It was on this representa- in that which I consider as an experiment to them, I fear, among other causes, principally to over-
tion that the reduction of ss. was made by order in enable the manufacturer to maintain himself in trailing and to over-production. But in other trades,
council. It must have been then expected that the the home markets, under those duties on finished those who have speculated and who have suffered have not
British throwster would be able to-work so cheap as goods which are the extent of what we can had a change of law to which they could impute the
to exclude all foreign thrown silk, because the pros- impose. The duties, then, on the three descriptions of blame, nor could they ascribe to the Government that
pest of a foreign trade was held out as likely to re-
i
thrown silk will be, on organzine Ss. 6d. per lb., being a which was the result of their own self-destructive coin-
reduction of Is. 6d. ; on trams, 25., being a reduction of petion. I have assured the Hon. Gentleman with sin-
stilt from the reduction, to a nominal amount,
of the duty on raw silk, which could never have
1.. ; en singles, ls. 6d , being a reduction' of 6d. per lb. cerity, that if the inquiry which he proposes were
'
been expected, into a heavy home duty on our I believe, Sir, that with this reduction of duty on his ma- likely to alleviate the distress, I should be the last
material, or while duties to so large an amount
terial, together with that which I shall hereafter propose man to resist it. To resist it is painful to every 3fem-
on the foreign manufacture imported, we shall secure to her of the House—it is doubly so to those who are rc.
were asked for to protect our home consumption.— the weavers the great bulk of the consumption of our own sponsible for any alternative measures submitted to Par-
It is plain that the Government did not expect any country. But if we would become exporters, we must do liament. My belief is, that the delay consequent on in-
immediate exportation, for we had, first, to make more. To hope to maintain competition in a foreign quiry, and the stagnation of all business which must ensue,
our stand good against the French in the home- market, when we are forced to protect our own against would greatly aggravate the distress of those numerous pe-
market. The real causes, then, of the distress of the foreigner, would be absurd, if we retain the duty on titioners who have approached the House. For myself,and
the throwsters may be established by a very few the material, and send it forth burdened with that impost for my view of this question, I should not objectl
_to in-
facts.gn consumer. I would propose then to allow vestigation, convincedl asl am that atto .tbeenHceotsiss-eou d
Beustt a -I
1 have a statement of the number of throw- to the foreign
a drawback of so much of the duty on foreign thrown silk bksh the statements. have .
ing-mills erected since 1823, as also of the number
as shall attach to British manufacture exported. Let not object to it as a desperate attempt to return to a ruinous
of spindles then at work, and of those now (or I
this, Sir, be deemed for a moment, or mistaken to be, a prohibition. I have, Sir, on this subject no previous de-
should say very lately, when this account was taken)
unemployed. Most of these have been confirmed bounty. It would be impossible to reconcile Parliament clarations which bind me,—no pledged opinions to which
to the principle of bounty, and I should he the last to re- I have to adhere. I, as other Members of this House
to me, either by accounts which I have received, or commend it ; but it has been the principle of our export have done, gave to the measures of the Government in for-
by the admission of parties themselves, when exit- trade to discharge exported goods of all duties of con- tiler years my silent acquiescence. I have since, as was
mined at time Board of Trade ; arid they will dis- sumption. The duties on foreign thrown silk are in this my duty, given to the suirjects connected with those urea-
tinctly prove that the great difficulties arise from country duties of consumption; but if not returned on the surer, particularly to that which has been the subject of
the improvident increase of the throwing establish- exportation of the goods made of such silk, they become debate to-night, my most anxious and devoteddattentiond:
ments. I take a certain number of considerable transit duties, and I believef noemanbiwiiill thinke oofirleesysyning
tlolitahe
bleisstteonfeldaytosiedvbetryy
to representation,f.atb o
fathom
every and
statement; and I
towns, and I find that previous to 1824, the num- transita
at
bomutey onlat
maymanbe manufacture
ber of spindles employed in them were 780,000,objected' that' theensrillges exportedi)- come forth, confirmed in the opinions which I held, and
portmay not be actually ade of foreign thrown silk. Is not which I have to-night, for the first time in my official cha•
that in 1829, in the same places, the number was
ng that previous to 182 ,they were all, with-
-0,000, making an increase of 400,000. Ad- this, however, immaterial? Can there be any objection racter,l,lB expressed. I will not trespass longer on the
to substitution so long as the quantity imported be not House. The magnitude of the subject,—the interests of
mitti4.
exceeded ? When the sugar-refiners are allowed to take those concerned in this great branch of our industry, and
out exception, employed, the number in this year foreign sugar into their works to refine for exporta- above all, the importance of those principles on which the
unemployed is returned as 300,000, showing no di- to :
n, they are not required to export the identical House is called to pronounce to-night, will, I trust, he my
minution in time extent of the employment in the sugar; and in the Act lately in force, permitting fo- apology. lam ashamed to have occupied you so long ;
year 1824. I will add here, that in the same year reign wheat to be ground for exportation,
iquan- bbut I shouldb.blet muchlicnbiore ashffiamedce .if I
shad shrun,
or k from
(1823), the timber of mills was 175: it is in the tiity,
ordervithtout regnait.dtbetodiedenattlidty:,f
present year 266. Is it necessary to add more to provesdartaissfibedacktheaw.
from ex- myse
elf tinder the acts or the authority') of 'others, for that
" seedingtheoduptrieevsereceived, andm to
preserve the right of the course which my own sense of duty leads me to advise.—
the overtrading in this branch ? But, unfortunately,
has drawback, to the persons who paid the duties, time same (The Right flon. Gent. sat down amid loud cheering,
the improvident competition of the throwsters
shall be payable only to the importer when he is also the which lasted for several minutes.)
added to the difficulty under which the manufacturer
exporter, or to his nominee, when the exportation is made Mr. BARING was sorry to remark, that though all
if the throwster did not contend for a protection
labours. It might have been beneficial to the weaver,
by another. If, with the aid of foreign thrown silk, thus parts of the country, which had any connexion with the
which is the most serious impediment to time menu-
discharged from duty, we can raise up an export trade silk trade, had declared in their petitions the misery and
which we could not have with English thrown silk, the distress under which they were labouring, there was no-
facturer, by raising the price of what is to him his foreign material will assuredly be brought into the country thing in the speech of the Right Hon. President of the
law material, and the material precisely of that par- in the necessary quantities. It; on the other hand, the Board of Trade calculated to relieve that misery and that
titular branch of manufacture which he complains English throwsters improve until they can throw cheap distress. He did not mean to say that it was in thel.
f
that he has lost. It is evident that the duty on enough for exportation, the quantity of foreign thrown silk power of the Right Hon. Gentleman to affordthemtteletlioet,l
Italian thrown silk, particularly affecting the organ- must decrease, and the demand for drawback will decrease hut. still it
.was lamentable that, after all the attention
zine, which is imported from Piedmont, obstructsalong with it. I may state here as a result, that as those which the Right Hon. Gent. had bestowed on the question,
t ltshich. are made entirely of silk are made of equal he could produce no remedy fur the calamities he had do.
the manufacturers of this country in the production
articles
of organzine and train, time drawback will be the plored. The persons engaged in the silk trade said, that
of all the fitter goods, and is an effectual obstacle to
gmean duty on both. With respect to mixed goods, I need they could not stand a competition with foreigners; and
his competition abroad. Even at home we find it
~. not now say more than that certain proportions will have the Right Hon. Gentleman immediately said, •‘ We'll let
necessary to protect him, not alone against the dir-
to he adopted, the rule of which will be familiar to the in the foreigner upon easier terms." He must say, that
ference in the cost of labour between England and officers of customs, from the practice which obtained when there was nothing in the measure which the Right Hon.
France, not alone against the natural disadvantages bounties were allowed. I come now, Sir, to a branch of Gentleman had that night introduced, with the exception
of which our manufacturer complains as affecting the subject, which, whether we regard the interests of the of the drawback, that was calculated to benefit the home
him, and not his rival ; but against the effects of consumer or the manufacturer, is not of less importance manufacturer. . Under that measure le roust say that the
this this duty on his material, which that rival has too tlfradn those ohf. tbvhich we have treatteld!, Ito meanl the afinou. nt silk trade in this country would stand
.i! condemned mamma
much He had presented the petition from the mer-
much good sense to impose—a duty which I con-
soilksuitmesorted, we
whichil ewe ()aught to ceavlcyulon
ate on the chants of London, and he must say that in the general
scientiously believe is not necessary to its present
principlel) of affording protection to the domestic mann- principles of it he fully concurred; but he could assure
amount for the throwster's protection. 1 admit
facture of the country, by the highest duty which we the House that that petition was none of his. He had
this to he the most difficult part of the question.
can. , . .
smuggler t hailed with the greatest satisfaCtion that change in the
levy, without giving thereby to the too
That difficulty is augmented by the union, the un-
great a temptation to plunder the public by evading commercial policy of the country, for which the country
natural union and combination of the throwsters
and manufacturerthe tax. When I say the highest duty, I mean, of was indebted to his Right Hon. Friend opposite,
who had
a portion of the s. It has only
has been at led been lately, and by course, consistent with the only just principle of pro- dedicated himself to this subject with a degree of devotion
trade, that it gth tection,—to measure it by a regard to the cheapness of perfectly unparalleled. This was the only manufacture in
admitted that their interests are not inseparable. I labour in other countries, as well as to those disadvantages which foreigners had a decided advantage over this country.
allow that the connection between the throwster reasonably stated which operate against the British manu- The Right Hon. Gentleman had admitted that the people
and the manufacturer would be natural, and might facturer in favour of his competitor abroad. I have never of Coventry were ashamed of the articles manufactured
be useful to both, if the price of the raw material beard a
scale of duty contended for higher than 30 per before the French revolution. There had been a decided
did not interpose. It would be useful to the manu- Beforethe Committee of the Lords, 15 per cent. advance in the silk manufacture in France ; the manufac-
eweanst.considereil by some as sufficient ; but every mail will Cur in this country was far behind. The French had the
facturer, doubtless, to select some particular silks,
and to direct their preparation, if for one essential admit, that if more than 30 per cent. were imposed, a raw material, and they kept up a monopoly of time trade,
and indispensable silk, he were not made to pay a real protection to that amount would not be had, as the though it was at variance with the principles of the French
price which wakes competition with foreign manufacture
supply must inevitably be thrown into the hands of the economists. Peculiar causes and circumstances some-
smuggler. In the first instance, one general duty on the times made general principles inapplicable, and a
man
ship would be, his situation is worse, for the English
impossible. But, in point of fact, extreme as this hard-
value was enacted ; but before it came into operation, on who applied them, without looking at the details, was
throwster cannot supply him with what is indispensable the representation of the trade, a scale of rated duties was sure to be wrong. The French had also a peculiar dye,
fur the manufacture of the finer goods; and thus the duty adopted, formed, however, on the basis of 30 per cent. and there had been English dyers who had gone to Lyons
onithe foreign organaine, while it gives no advantage to the On plain silks, the larger class of commodities, it was 15s. and brought away, as they supposed, time secret, but who
British throwster, cuts up by the roots one entire branch, per pound, and with respect to them as well as to others, were unable, for some reason or other, to produce the
and that the most profitable, of our home manufacture.
asks protection. It is not protection the variation in value since that time, as well as other cir- same colours in England. Then the ladies of England
The throwster
cumstances, have caused the rated duty to be in ahnost all were admirers of French commodities. To legislate
to
instances, but in different degrees, higher than the per ten- without regard to all these considerations would be legie-
him, but privation to the weaver. Need Igo further to
tape intended, varying from 30 to upwards of 40 per cent. sating in the dark. Considering, then, that Lyons was
prove that this ingredient of the finer manufacture cannot
be furnished by the English throwster? If he could fur-
I propose to unite the principle of an ad valorem. duty, in a silk country, that it possessed advantages in dying
nisi it, would he not have done it under the former duty
with that of the rated duty which is now taken, reducing-, and patterns, and that labour there was half the price of
of 14s. 7d. ? Would not so high a protecting duty have However, those rates as I shall state hereafter. It is con- labour in this country, how was it possible that, on the
been prohibitory, if the organzine thrown in England had venient, both for the importers and for the revenue, to free trade principle, a country without these :advantages
enabled the manufacturer to dis use with the organzine continue to take the duty by weight; but to prevent the could exclude the other? What remedy was practicable
of Italy? The difference of duty pe
at that time, between importation of articles of a high value, and of a finer order, in this case was another question. To him it appeared
the raw and thrown silk, was 94.2 d., sufficient, in truth, of which the value cannot be defined or measured by a there was no effectual remedy; it seemed to be
is con.
rated duty, I propose that the officer should have the demned trade. He regretted that the people should be
for all protection. But the quantity imported has barely
power of charging the by a d on val. persuaded by high autori th flora, e
increased since that time, although the difference of duty
this alternative a protection will be a utyfforded,the ue By
the want of battle successfully. With ty
at
respect to throwncould fight
silk, it weeth
now is not ss. As compared with the quantity of raw
silk imported, I have already shown bow much it has re-
which has been complained of, against the importation of quite impossible that the manufacturers could steed with-
superior goods at an insufficient duty ; for it is obvious out the throwsters. If no protection had been given to
de-
vied that the organaine of Piedmont is necessary for the
latively diminished. I believe here, that it cannot be that a rate, once fixed, is applicable to all goods of the same the throwster, we should have seen none of the mills now
finer goods, and it is as evident that any increased
class, however different they may be, in real value. The established in this country. It was all very well to
quan-
lowest rate of duty on silk goods, not the produce of say that this was only a passing cloud ; poor people
City of that material which may be called for by the trade,
will not displace British thrown silk. It may, when India, will be 25 per cent., which upon plain silks gives were often made the dupes of such a deception. It
worked up with other silks, displace a certain quantity of Ils. in the pound, in lieu of 15s. with which they are was worth the attention of the Homes to consider whether
now charged ; and this duty is placed so low, as being the the difficulties in this trade arose from the same
the finer manufactured goods with which it is said we
are inundated from France ; but if it is, it must be either only effectual means of destroying the operations of the cause as the general difficulties attending all trade,
smuggler, which have been carried on extensively in plain or whether they were not, in a great degree, pecu-
this country, or by a combination in manufacture with by new goods, which would not otherwise be made in
goods, tinder the temptation of the high duty. These ar- liar. Undoubtedly there was a general perishing;
tides bear compression in packing, and lying in a small and decline of the industry of the country in all arti-
such silks us can lie advantageously thrown in England, the
compass are more easily introduced by the contraband des of trade; but thy. diiticulties in most of the other
use of which must be extended by any general extension of e
trauers- There are other articles of foreign manufacture, cases were temporary. At the Caine time be was. sorry to
the manufecture. I deem it essentially necessary, there-
which being more bulky and susceptible of injury fronts say, that lie could not conceive it possible that this coun-
fore, to recommend a reduction on the duty of foreign compression, are less likely to be illegally introduced. try, (hiring a long continnatme of peace, could cantinue to
thrown silk. I cannot—l know I cannot—carry the re- They will bear a higher duty. This observation will be a manufacturing coontey, and compete with the rest of
duetion to the full extent of my own principle. I cannot
apply particularly to crapes and those fabrics of a more the world; the question was, whether we could carry
give to the English manufacturer his raw material upon
the terms on which the French manufacturer obtains delicate texture as well as velvets, which are imported into effect the whole system of free trade, whilst we coma
principally from Switzerland and Germany. It has been net defends part of our trade against the intrusiou of
it. lam limited by a consideration of the interests eni-
urged by those connected with the trade, that the limitation others. We should soon come to the same state of things
barked in the throwing trade of this country; and though of ports for the introduction of silk goods would impede in respect to wool and cotton. How eoeld the principles
I am aware that if the manufacture languishes, the the contraband operations. I believe they overrated the be kept up in regard to the letter trade, When the ina te-
throwster must suffer,—if it falls, the throwster must be importance of such limitation. But I admit its itnpor- facture was going cm at the same time in Orleans, Bost4on,
extinguished,—l am yet desirous at present to look, not tance as affording the means of having a more efficient este- and Liverpeol. 'Where skill and capital were equal, chewy
so much to the lowest amount which we may impose oa blishment, and officers better informed of the nature ancl food would he the criterion, eud welnust reeollP-we raw material, for such I must regard the Italian or-
et that we
value of the various commodities, than it o- ki he in the had a great debt b ere ' "
w, e
gamine in some branches of the manufacture, as to sun-OUf ae-es,—r.) It was impos-
power of the Government to employ, if the places of int- sidle that the House could do its duty • 1
alder how much, out of the protecting duty which we
mut discussing,
wit , e
port were unlimited. The account of importations will these difficuiti rs• •
• es
may allow to the domestic manufacture, we may afford, the difficulties in other beauches of
most satisfactorily ehew to 11(.4 few poi to the hp- trade had arisen from ,to continue to the throwster for his protection, it tieing
la . something of ovee•trading; there
g ort ition is in fact confined bid I shall preposc, for the bad been
obvious that the duty on manufactured goods ought to cover reasons I have stated, to limit it to London and Dover, 'markt. markets speculation
South'tro.in to India and to other parts; the
both. I cannot argue with those who ask, as some &pilei.iii.ebreifeei.
bhiiid
bbeen clnsedi through poli-
anti twe or three of the other principal ports of thnnited tical d'isturban
tations did who appeared before the Board of Trade, for a kingdom. On the part of thebanks
fictit sma capital also
trade it I: ms been also sug- em le •e d. ITGlas . the
duty which could secure to thetn 9s. Bd, a pound fur Glasgow . encouraged people,
Seated to restrict the importation to vessels of such a ten- n lo2ns on long
throwing organzine. It would be preposterous to hope credit to engage in adventures which
nage and burdth, as ' mpi- ,ed in if. y
that either prohibition or any other nostrum could sustain are notEn usual]i proved unsuccessful The ' d
t 111 it Hon. Gentleman had
smuggling trade between ynde ili"elcontinentf. referred t the
the British trade under the infliction of such a price ono-:adn.,. ef. expenses of smuggling, which he Lad ca-
There will be no difficult- in . (Tato this recOmmen- cu'aterl
their material. But I know not how these gentlemen can i : y , atce tr..,
..,
s.
.1.0
been
(ration, ox in extenClin measure the profits of their throwing by the duty. Atg . th. rewards, as la, -.1 been much misinfori ex oposed, to the seizing neu it'ls or 16 per cent, was not the
present there are none of them who do not admit that ' - - • :• • • ' '
e officers Ina word, Sir, there full amount of the premium t• la
w.in.:, would be paid. With
, , they is no suggetin consistent with our general principle i respect to the remedy,• .'
throw the best silk that they are ahle to throw at 55.,---, Which may be songed'h ti, who are deeply interested i sion that septeosueg we came to the conelu-
the coarser at considerably lees. Now, Sir,' since. the ex- we. c-et;,h; to persevere, the country had no cheice
Nibieh the Governmeryit will'osenot bedsiosposed to consider I betweel
pence of throwing the fiaaest orgar4ine- in Italy is 23. pd„:-., wire exclusion, and meeting the plans. of the
favourably, and to the enforcement of which the Board ' Wglit Hon. Gentlene V•li involved .-
(at; I an) wairapted in saying on the authority of one of of Customs will, lam sure, give every assistance io their triele. The an, Iv, it. the S94nicw of the
the first merchants in this city connected with that trade,
dregulations proposed by the Right Hon. Gen-
power- Having thus adverted to the dety on foreign ' tleman, he feared
and, I am sorry to say, an opponent of all my own prin- would be 9f no avail, except the draw-
European manufacture, I believe that `I meet the wishes back, respectingle l
ciples on this subject, for he is a strenuous advocate of of the Hcqse
~ Le rollewing'up these provisions, by recom •• ' Incsaw un lykeii. he could not give an opinion till
prohibition, and the author of most elaborate calcule-
.. befalls in the Bill. The case of sugar
mewling* the reduction of the duty on East India goods, ' deawieaek-,, .
tions to prove its necessity), since lam ;Ohl-111,A by Whether we regard l: •h tt :d ntlich the Right Hon, Ctntiernan had in-
our genera policy wit respec o our stance , was unfort t for h• • •
him that the finer organzine cornea to this county y charged aria e .nn ,it was extremely ill
foreign possessions, or the eculiar cireumstariees of our regulated ,the
with Zts. Id. per lb. beyond the price of similar silk Indian dominionsprinciple was good, but the details were
, thetas- canPatat he 'a
'doubt that we ought objectionble
unthrOwn, this, with the duty of ss. chargeable on admix- to admit theie manufactures at a lower rate. We send which was to bla the case of India silk% the duty on
sion here, makes an aggregate of Bs. Id., which yet I doas e reduced from 50 per cent. to 20 per cent.
fur oivn fabrics to compete with her staple manufac- it was true,
not find to govern the remuneration of the British throw-yvas alleged, that the natives of India were
ture, and we have no right to place her's on the footing our fellow subjects,and it was unfair to subject their
reign organaine, but it is applicable also to the tram silk, per cent. ad valorem for time silk goods of British and manufactureslati *1 I a protecting duty. This was a specious
si r e argument proceeding from a liberal feeling;